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580
CHAPTER 31
1965 Guide And-Oata Book
. Table;.l 3 _. . .> .WeighfSjqnd;Thidcrestes of Steel Sheets11
Member
Gafvantzed Steei Steels (Gafv. Steel Gage)
Weight, Lb Per Sq Ft
Appro*. Thkkncn. inches
-. ttocoofed. Corbon Steei Sheets . (th_S. Standard Gage)
Weight, Lb Per Sq Ft
Appro*. Thickness, Mia
Chrota* Nkket Sfahdea Sfeef Steel* (U. S. Standard Gage)
Appro*. Weight,.. Lb Per Sq Ft
Appro*. Thickness, btdtet
26 24 22 20 18
" .14'.
0.906 1.156 1.406 1.656 2.156 ;
2.656 :
.3.281-
' 10, ,
5.781 :
0.0217 0.0276 0.0336 , 0.0396 . . 0.0516 1
, . -!o.0635 .
. 0.0785 *' 0.1084
0.1382
.. ..
0.75 1.0 1.25 1.5 2.0
/ 2.5 3.125....,4.375" 5.625
0.0179 . . 0.0239
0.0299 , 0.0359 0.0478
0.0598 i " 0.0747
0.1046 . 0.1345
0.787 1.05 1.313 1-575. 2.1.
' " 2.625 3.281 4.593 . 5.906
0-0187 0.025 0.0312 0.0375 0.05
0.0625...... - 0.0781.. .
0.1093. 01406
_ P -- perimeter.ofrduct, feet. , .
t.. ... .. ' ,
I.TM, length of duct, feet: .
1
,, Ji temperature of air entering duet, Fahrenheit..
t% -- temperature of air leaving duct, Fahrenheit.
U " temperature of air surrounding duct, Fahrenheit.
To obtain the temperature drop' in warm air for a given distance of transmission, or the temperature rise if the duct curies aircooler than the room through which it passes, the following formulas can be used: -
28J&AVp for rectangular ducts or.
UPl
. 7.2DV, .for round ducts.
Ul
A *= cross-sectional area of duct, aquare'feet. p ~ density of air, pounds per cubic foot. .;T V = mean velocity of-fluid, feet per minute.. ' D diameter of round duct, feet.
Table, 14 .... Weights and Thicknesses of Non-Ferrous
. . Sheets '
. , :~
If Equations 18 and 19 are used, one of the duct air tempera:..tures will be tinknown'and'.can be obtained by substitution ' of the other known or assumed values.
Heat loss -coefficients for insulated ducts with various coaductivities are given in-Eig;;17. The conductivities of various materials will be found in Table 4 of Chapter 24. For cases where the mean 'temperature is other than that at which the
Specified Ihickness,
Appro*. Weight
Specified - Approximate *
Weight, -
thickness.
inches _
Oz Per Sq Ft
-- 6I62O
0.025 0.032 0:040 ' 0.050 p ' 0T063 '
0.285
.0.356 . ' 0:456
- 0:570 0.713 0.898
16 20 24 32 36 48
0.0216
0.0270 - : - 0.0323
* 0.0431......... 0.04S6
.. -. .0.0647
Table 15 .... Weights and Properties of Steel Angles
. .Sim,:,. .it_ fnche*i a',,
Uacoated Steel Gaivaaized Steel ApproxJ Weight, 'Approx. Weight,'
-..i; f. lb:Per ft-.-.
Moment of Inertia, j . , Inches*
ix ixUbil a "l0\42'"'" "' `6.44'' ".
1X1X1
0.80
0.84
ijxux*
1.01
1.06
ljxijxi
' 1.23 i . . V- 1.29
lfxiixA
; - i,-8p` - - ; | 1.89'
1o:oi'1. 0.02 0.04
0.08 0.11
2X2X1 2X2XA 2X2Xf
2IX2JXA;'
1.65 2.44 3.19 " 3.07
1
1.73 2.56 -
. .3.35., , .
0.19
0.28 . 0.35 , :' 0:55 :
1j
:. -
ri ^5*0- '
V - . X.r....... ...... .
TTr-nJ]
""a
.'CtstKCvr mows . .
CCtFTH . MAUI OOCT
DUCT '
THM MUaCH
- tvmcaa mutch TWEprrs'ujoa vcuctrr)
Fig. 16 .... Duct Arrangement
Air- Duct Design
581
Substituting in Equation;17: .-0.X10X70[(^f^)-40]
-- 28400 Btu per hr.
* for round doct* fee* (ban SO In. dknnoter, feeroot* hoaf trmaaistiati
1 Thfatness of /ntipfa'lion (imdiet)
2 ;H i : AH
12- to 21rin.-Duct Diameter................ 13% 5% 7%. '9%' 21- to 30-in.-Duct Diameter..-. ........ 1%. :2% :3% 4%
Rg. 1 %
. Heat-Loss Coefficients for- Insulated'Duds*' `-;t
test was conducted, a correction should be
However, in
most cases, the.effect of thU factor, will be small ahtl may.be
neglected. ' v
...........
. ExampU 8: Determine the entering air temperature and heat
i8*! duct.24 X 36 in. croes-eoction and 70 ft in Imgth irjH-m. of a material'having a conductivity of 0.35
ui at 86 F mean temperature, carrying air at a velocity of 1200 -P measured at 70 F, to deliver air at 120 F with air surround ing the duct at 40 F.
Solution: Referring to Fig. 17, the overall h*t. transmission weffioeot is found to be 0.49 Btu. From Table 1, Chapter 3, the
" at 1 ? "4 29.921 in. Hg is found to be 1/13.348 - .P1 6,1 ft- Substituting these and the other given values us aquation 19, y and k will be aa follows:
28.3 X 6 X 1200 X 0.0749 0.49 X 10 X 70
452
120(453 4-1) - 80 k 463-1 123.7 F
REFERENCES
1D. K. Wright,-Jr.: ASHVE Research Retort No. 1280--A'
new friction chart for round ducts (ASHVE TBANSAcnorts, VoL'
51,1945, p. 303).
5
L. F. Moody: Friction factors for pipe flow [ASMS Tresis^1 actions, Vol. 66, 1944, p. 671).
R. D. Madison and W. R. Elliot: Friction charts for gases'.' including correction for temperature, viscosity and pipe rough-* ti<* (ASHVE Journal Section, Healing, Piping and Air Cor*
ditiomng, October 1946, p. 107).
*F. W. Hutchinson: ASHVE Research Report No. 1469--, Friction losses in round aluminum ducts (ASHVE Tuns-;., actions, VoL 59, 1953, p. 127).
1R. G. Huebscher: Friction equivalents for round, square and; rectangular ducts (ASHVE Transactions, VoL 54,1948, p.101).
*D. W. Loddin: ASHVE Research Report No. 1405-- Energy losses in 90-degree duct elbows: A survey and analysis of available information (ASHVB Transactions, VoL 56, 1950,
p- 479).
* J. R. Weske: Pressure Loss m Duels'with Compound Elbows __ (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Advance Re-' tlricltd Report W-39, February 1943).
* R. D. Madison and J. R. Parker: Prewire losses in reo^' elbows (Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning,' July,
p. 365; August, p. 427; September, p. 483; 1936). - .
W. H. Carrier, R. E. Cberne, W. A. Grant and W. H. Roberts;' Modern Air Conditioning, Heating and Ventilating (Pitman Pub
lishing Corp., New York, 1959, 3rd ed., p. 256).
,-
/.
** M. C. Stuart, C. F. Warner, and W. C. Roberts: ASHVE
Research Report No. 1216--Effect of vanes in reducing loss in elbows in seven-inch square ventilating duct (ASHVE Trans-' actions, Vol. 48,1942, p. 409).
n S. F. Gilman: Pressure losses of divided-flow fittings (ASHAE Transactions, Vol. 61, 1955, p. 281).
**G. E. McEiroy: Pressure Losses Due to Bends and Area Changes in Mine Airways {U. S. Bureau af Mines Information Circular I.C. 6663, p. 4).
"A. P. Kjats and J. R. Fellows: Pressure Losses Resulting from Changes tn Cross-Sectional Area in Air Ducts (University of Illinois, Engineering Experiment Station Bulletin No. 300).'.
11R. D. Madison (ed.): Fan Engineering (Buffalo Forge'
Company, Buffalo, New York, 1948, 5th ed., p. 124).
" J. R. Henry: Design of Power Plant Installations: Pressure-. Loss Characteristics of Duct Components (National Advisoiy Committee for Aeronautics, Advance Restricted Report' L4F2S, June 1944, L-20S).
"L.O. Paul: Installing ducts for higher prespires, and Why
higher duct velocities? (Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning,
April 1953, p. 98 and February 1954, p. 109).
l] R. D. Tutt: Modem trends in air distribution (Reprigeb-
atino Engineering, May 1953, p. 509).
' -t
u W. W. Kennedy: Design factors in high velocity air dis
tribution (Heating and Ventilating, January 1954, p.'S3). *
"J. W: Kreuttner: Can air conditioning be simplified in large buildings? (Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, August
1954, p. 94).
"Gardner Savage: Air conditioning an operating hotel (Heating and Ventilating, September 1954, p. 100).
" C. M. Wilson: Handbook on high velocity air distribution (Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, November 1954, p. 94). Discussions (Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, December 1954. p. 73; February 1955, p.69; March 1955, p. 99; June 1955, p. 82).
" R. W. WaterfUl: Air conditioning of multi-room buildings (ASHAE Transactions, VoL 61, 1955, p. 233).
"p. B. Gordon: Air conditioning multi-story buildings (Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, April 1955, p. 112). Discusion (Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, May 1955,
p. 103).