Document jmLvzdNXB4jNNbJN8arB5VyKQ

FILE NAME: CERAMICS (CER) DATE: 1944 DOC#: CER027 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Journal Article Abstract - Dust as an Industrial Health Hazard i kx CERAMIC ABSTRACTS Compiled by The American Ceramic Society Volume 23, 1944 R om C. P ctldv, Editor M axy J G uss J ane H oucbs Z rlxa Wuxiam s ] > Adulanti ; . Committee on Publications; R . L. Stone, Chairman; H W. T H n i a c n , R. E B ch, H. Zane ScBortiUD, R. C. Ptxdy, ex offido f3 IL A. A. Ayars L. R, B arrett W. R. Bede A. C. Bevan A. Biddulph V. L. Bosaxza R. G. Capell ABSTRACTERS M . V. Condoide P. S. Dear W'. D. Foster V. D. Frchette R. A. Gregory P. Grodxiaski Max Hartenheim F. G. Heck R. A. Heind] M . Hoseh F. J. Hurlbut G. M. H u n G. A. Kirkendale B. B. Lane E. D. Maher E. H. McClelland E. C Pierce Alexis Pinctu M. E. Poor TCatherine Reed M argaret Roach Editorial Office: 2SZ5 N o rth High S treet. Columbus 2, Ohio* Publication fice: 20th and N ortham pton Streets, E aston, Pa. B. C. Ruprecht M. A Schwartz A. B. Searle Hans Thurnauer E. R. Varley C. W entw orth Samuel Zericas i rr.1 iP i' 'P i ' : f-'> > 132 Ceramic Abstracts Vol. 23, No 7 which arc attached to the clay minerals only, and the iTctn shearmg strength. The quantity at the fluxing Studies^ of etn-iiure t i dusts tn d f'm e s . AMDs Heat aEtn ts (iron oxide earth alkalis. and alkalis), determined i j i or \e m d a n n i. 41 [5] 72 (1944, - T h e Industrial chemically in the elutnation substances, multiplied by the Hygiene Foundation has made studies during the past total quantity of the elutnation substances (relative sinter year on exposures to arsenic dust, lead dus: and fumes, ing number) perm its a prediction for the sinterability of synthetic-resin dust, and other substances M R the foundry sands at 1400*C. and thus for their suitability Symposium on industrial m edicine: Introduction. C D c for certain types of castings Three ranges of sroterabiluy bELBY. Med. Clinics ,Y A m inca. 26 [4 I 997 (July 1942, can be distinguished. A t little sintering, no firing takes rn industry. Carl M P eterson but . pp place, at medium sintering a pasty condition occurs and w y-lU O j O rganuabon and m anagem ent of an industrial strong sintering leads to a liquid phase between the sand medical m ce. A. L Brooks. Ibid . pp 1005-18 grains which has a strongly cementing effect. Analysis icin d u stry . G rant L Bird Ibid and quantity of the elutnation substances can give im PP. 1019-33. W orkm en's compensation and medicine p o rtan t d u es for the sand m ixtures to be used to avoid R aymond H ussey. Ibid., pp. 1035-51. Tuberculosis a t a burning of a molding sand for steel castings. From the J r? b1*." - C. O. Saffincto.n. but . pp. amount of the wet elutriated molding sands smaller than ^ utrl?,on " industry. W. A. Saw yir. Ibid . U.l mm. which have been obtained by simple sieving, r t s pp. 1061-83. W artim e surrey of industrial psychiatry permeability m the green state can be predicted fairly Lydia G. G iberson. Ibid., pp. 1085-1103. M easure m ent of ajeknew among induatriad workera. W. M accuratdy. Thirty-tw o references are induded. M .Ha. G x/A /E a. Ibid., pp. 1106-20. Fatigue and war produc- ,nSCHU< Cement, Lime Cf Gravel.'Xi ? on,-.. H. F lin n . Ibid . pp. 1121-43. Prevention of ill- [9| 245-48 (1944).-- Practical hints on the care and m ain health in mdustry. J. H. Foulcer. Ibid., pp. 1145-60. tenance of oil engines with respect to probable running troubles are given. . ERy 1 M ethods of ippraissl and control of industrial health nngATda. J. J. Bloomfield. Ibid , pp. 1161-78 Indoor Progrea* in alum inum ther.pv. W D R obson Tram erm rom nental tmoaphere and ita controL W. J. M c Can In it .Wining 6c M e t, 47, 172-79 (1944)- T h e mining Connell. Ibid., pp. 11 a9--93 Protective o in tn e n u and companies of Porcupine D istrict established a clinic at Timmins Ontario, to investigate the value of aluminum as a prophylactic in hum an silicotics This clinic operated ' S 9 \ 19+3 Jt wa5 sbt>Ushed th a t the use of powdered alum inum does ameliorate the symptoms of rtMo**1- rt L ouis Schwartz Ibid . pp U 95- 1212 Effectj of high p re tsu ret: T reatm ent of com preued air Ulneaa. A. R. B eh.vxz. Ib id . pp. 1213-37. Pneu moconioses. L. U. Gardner. Ib id , pp 1239-60__G J includes among the pneumoconioses all chronic changes in ^ u ! f h a ^ i * 5' *5 Prophylactic, it prevents silicons and js itself harmless There is no indication th a t the use of aluminum harm s tuberculous individuals. Its use in the lungs induced by prolonged inhalation of dusts, irrespec tive of the type or the seventy of tissue reaction These changes vary from simple phagocytosis to progressive fibro Dprretv^eenntt its being fitted usto ap<clot"mmteedrc"ialmvoesnttucroeu,nttoriemsaktoe sis bibcosis and asbestosis are chiefly discussed Under the term "simple benign pneumoconiosis." G suggests the in l<? tio se tllr" `ened by silicosis, and to control further devdopm ents of the process. G M H clusion of uncomplicated anthracosis from coal dust and siderosis from iron dust Although these dusts in a pure of dUM * " w *>** coal miner. ' Report m .TM ^ e ,e y .ch Council: D ittu u io n and Sum- C, f P ' >67, 181-83 (1643). Phyaleal i dat1 T ' Bedford and C. G. fotrmi bui k PP' 183-85---A b ijb correlation was found oetween t ie count of p artides above 1 a and the mass concentration of p artid es not exceeding 5 u- there was a low corrdation between the latter and total mass state have essentially the same effects upon the lungs as other forms of dust, they do not appreciably influence respiratory function. UTien mingled with quartz dust, a modified type of silicosis results. A ttention is.given to Roentgen findings, the part played by tuberculosis in sili cosis cases, asbestosis and its relation to infection clinical course, complications, and diagnosis Lead absorption and lead poiaoning. R obert A. ICehoe Ibid . pp 1261- concentration. A therm al pred p itato r was used for ,9 T onc properb'e* of elected l e u familiar m etala sampling Dust concentrations are much influenced by incid^nr1? 1Coff openlti.on? I* " * Performed. A h i'g h j incidence of pneumoconiosis is asocated with higher 5" concentrations. M aia cone ntrztioni of air-borne n^ orT k ^ ^ m " - H - V A' **> p - f - H olt* osS ; w J ,, ?noW -M atthews and>Ph ylus M . Sander son Jtnd., p. 209.--A naphthalene fiJte was used D ur. F M cCord and J. J. P rendergast Ibid . pp i-si-l3 lL .. Recent progTeu m avution medicine. B F J*''?. ' >303-30. Papers briefly abstracted in Ind Med.. 11,395-96, 406 (July, 1942). K.R. Synthetic foundry and* with cem ent a binder. K nn^L ^ 6 Strassmann. Gieuerei, 29 |21J 349-56 (1942) The influence of the am ount of cement and water ^ "orjcing of coal, the percentage of ash in the dust is don o r ripping. Pulmonary abnormalities are significantly correlated with ash content. Air-borne dost competition. G. N acelschmidt. Ibid., pp. 209-10 --The content on shearing strength and gas perm eability of syn thetic foundry sands was investigated with three German cement types: (1) normal Portland cement, (2) high-grade Portland cem ent, and (3) alum ina cement An optimum coal was surnlar to th a t in the .teams. Other minerals pres! Th, Qu*rtt. kaolin, mica, various carbonates, etc 7- J qu,l r t I in t t e dust varied from 0.1 to . oi t0^ xbalea, and ta n d tto n e t 1 ^ ^ " ^ J o .K N G .C . Leech. Ibid., pp. 210-11 -- In the anthracite mines, the shales are rnt^e co m peted Th`7 content of secondary tjuartx and mica in creas ' !n a d *nc* oi 5dlcollJ appears to be positivdy asso- C h e ^ i d l ti n 4 1r te 0 Educed by p /e s iu ^ m r*r oi Toof " d c S i D G ' N a c iu c h iu d t. Ibid., p. 211.--The roofs n?* q u i m ' m i**' kaoU" ' carbonates, and duATtr content varied from 8 to 46%. Q uart! dent p r w a t !n " " p1" from m i 'n th a highinci dence of disease and vice versa. Nrtrons fom -s from 5 , ', l l - Il-3 *1943 ^ ' AKt) D F - R pnn icles. Ibid , pp Measurements. . .," Ceram. A ir., 22 [5| 92 W .D.F. water content exists for every cement depending on the time the highest mechanical strength is required N or mally setting Portland cement needs only verv Little water to obUin its highest strength after setting 1 to 3 days whereas high-grade cement and, especially, alumina cement require considerably more water for the same purposes. Ordinary Pcwtland cement is unsatisfactory for foundry purposes as it has too little strength, at least for 10% ad ditions: with higher additions, however, gas permeability is reduced too much. Alumina cem ent has the highest strength after 24 hr , but high-grade cem ent (Nova) reaches the same values after 72 hr., nd its high initial mecha nical strength is obtained with much less water Also, it sinters at 1400'C ., which is lower than the alumina cCLl`Tri 10% alum ina. The highest shearing strength 1D. >0% Novo cement after 48 hr. was 7 5 kg per cm with 7% water content. M Ha George Wetinghoue cholarahip winners announced. Anon But. A m tr Ceraru Snc , 23 61208(1944 I 1 GO Ceramic Abstracts Vo!. 23, No. 9 Cm the eerm urt uie emulsions? Logan Grupblli. Bull. Amtr. Ceram. Soe . 23 (8) 288-90 (19+4).--5 refer ences. Construction of Chic*(o't first rub way--uchitecturiJ treatment of public ajeas. Alfred Shaw. Jour. West. Soe. En^rs., 49 (2| 186-87 (1944).--This extensive dis cussion of Chicago's subway includes a chapter on the selection of materials for finishing the stations, approaches, and platform areas. Considerable study was given to materials to be used, and it was finally decided th at they should all be of a vitreous type. The w all^are finished with glass and terra cotta, and the escalator panels are porcelain enamel. The cost of finishing these areas is such a small part of the total cost of construction th a t it was decided to use the best-suited material, irrespective of cost, to produce the most desirable finish with the lowest maintenance cost. See " Ceramic. . 22 |7J 128 (1943). ; Ceram. Abs.. C.S.P. Dust collection. T. J. Barry. Jour. Can. Ceram. Soc., 13, 53-56 (19+4).--B. discusses the settling chamber and cyclone, viscous, wet. and cloth collectors. G .A .d. Dust aa an industrial health haaard. F. W. H utchin son. Heatint 6* Ventilating 41 (6J 57-61 (1944).--H. * reviews the literature on the physiological effects of some hazardous industrial dusts and summarizes present-day criteria acceptable as a basis for the design of dust-control systems. Most of the article deals with silicosis, although asbestosis and miscellaneous siliceous and oonsiliceous dusts are mentioned. M.R. Dust removal and collection. R. R. R obinson. Jour. Can. Ceram. Soc., 13, 50-53 (1944).--R. gives reasons lor removing dust from working spaces, methods of eradirating dust and fumes, and the disposition of these foreign sub stances after they have been removed. G.A.K. Industrial exhaust ventilation in industrial hygiene. A. D. Brandt. Healin i, Piping & -4iv Conditioning, 16 [7] 428-33 (1944).--B. discusses the value of exhaust ventilation in industrial hygiene and finds th at the aver age worker shows no ill effects of atmospheric contaminants if they are below the aUowab'-- concentration. Local ex haust ventilation is best suited for specific and major sources of contamination, while general ventilation is best suited for scattered and minor sources. The de signer of exhaust-ventilation systems should have a good knowledge of the fundamentals of air flow into sucuoo openings and should know how contaminants are re leased and how they react. In general, there are lour main types of local exhaust hoods, and for each the enter ing air flow is different. With the information available today there is little excuse for the existence of atmospheric contamination of such order th at the health of the workers is affected adversely. 13 references, 4 diagrams. M .R . Notes and news of Indian ceramic industry. Anon Tram. Indian Ceram. Soc., 2 (2) 139-32 (Sept., 1943).-- Items concerning (1) proposed publication of s handbook of Indian ceramic industries, (2) opening of two new sheet- glass works, and (3) construction of two new recuperative glass furnaces are given. P.S.D. Prospects for ceramic industry in India. N. V. Raghunath. Tram. Indian Ceram. Soc., 2 [2] 90-94 (Sept- 1943).--R. reviews briefly the economic aspects of the de velopment of ceramic industries in Japan and the U. S. Recognizing th at existing Indian conditions are quite dif ferent from those of Japan and America a t the time of their ceramic infancy and reviewing the existing Indian needs, R. concludes that the best prospects for develop ment should be in the following ceramic products: (1) household porcelain, (2) electrical insulators, (3) sanitary ware, (4) refractories, and (5) salt-glazed pipes. _ . ,t . P.S.D. Renew of the more significant developments in ceramic industry and technology for 1943. G. A. K irxendals Jour. Can. Ceram. Soc., 13, 5-10 (1944). G.A.K. Technical Translations Clearinghouse. Anon. Bull Amer. Ceram. Soc., 23 [8] 281 (1944). W ster spray on shovel controls dust while loading rock in TVA quarry. F. N. C snuco. Pis fir Quarry, 37 [1] 63-64 (1944).--C. describes the mechanical water-spray system installed on electric shovels excavating and load ing rock at the Fontana Dam project in N ona Caro lina. Silica-dust concentrations have been greatly reduced where these systems are effective. 1 diagram, 4 photos M.R. George Westinghouse. .Anon. Bull. Amer Ceram Soe.. 23 [8] 256-58 (19+4).--2 photos. ' Vo I CE! A br .Art Cerr E =a Glaa S ir- Re:: Ecu KiLOeo Che Ger. Cant TH pipv A fe lU icty ia fiJu j,. . . . The Enamel Bibliography and Aostracts, which is presented in this issue of The Bulletint, pp. 299-302, contains approximately 5000 references. Of this number all but approximately fifty were reviewed in Ceramic Abstracts in the past ten years. The completeness of Ceramic Abstracts is indicated bv this coverage of one field. Other branches of the ceramic industry are likewise covered." To you this means a current bibliography under your hand each month. To your associates who are not members of the American Ceramic Society, this means hours of ` research work keeping ahead of the literature of the industry. ' Ceramic Abstracts is a running bibliography. Ule St! 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