Document jmBNv0109oY7x2rQV90M7rR0N

U/n exporiuue a Ao u c L Aeiected -tike, a Mut The du Pont Chemical Engineer--sy mbol of progress and leadership in the manufacture of products based on Chemistry. HE explosives you use should fit Tyour work. Every quality should fit--strength, veloc ity, fumes, plasticity, water and tempera ture resisting powers, fragmentation obtained. There is one explosive whose every quality makes it fit better than all others--and that one will save you money. To provide it for you is the job of du Pont Explosives Service. E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS ? CO., Inc. Explosives Department Wilmington - Delaware Branch Offices: Birmingham . Ala. Boston . . Mass. Buffalo . . N. Y. Chicago . 111. Denver . . Colo. Duluth . . Minn. El Paso . . . Tex. Huntington, W.Va. Kansas City . Mo. Mexico City . Mex. New York .N. Y. Pittsburgh . . Pa. Portland . . Ore. St. Louis . . Mo. San Francisco, Calif. Scranton . . Pa. Seattle . Wash. Spokane . Wash. Springfield . 111. Du Pont Products Exhibit, Atlantic City, IV. J. EXPLOSIVES - SERVICE THE DU PONT MAGAZINE Vol-XVH \\ No. 8 The Outlook Continues Good Conditions point to no marked recession in business in the immediate future iN spite of the fact that a number of pessimistic prophecies have been heard recently, confidence in the By F. LESLIE HAY mm) Economic StatOtiHim General Motors i urporatton danger signal foretelling the approach ing culmination of an upward move ment; of business.*' It is dear why business outlook is warranted by the continued sound imtler such eondil ions a stock market decline v.ou Id be ness of fundamental conditions- The action of the stock followed by a business decline;, since business cannot market, the weakness of wholesale commodity prices, lung flourish when credit strain exists; but. if is not the postponement of building projects, and the reduc reasonable lc> suppose that a mere drop in stock prices, tion of forward orders in many lines are the most impor unaccompanied by any fundamentally unfavorable tant of those events of recent months which have been economic factor, inevitably foreshadows adverse busi given unfavorable interpretation- Yet these things of ness conditions. Whence can the sellers of stocks derive themselves do not afford adequate reasons for expecting an infallible knowledge of the future:' There are ade any marked reduction of business activity in the near quate explanations of the recent stock market decline future- ` without resort to the* theory that exceptional powers of Is the Stock Market a Reliable Business Barometer? prophecy are possessed by those who operate In the market. The laets that sleek price* had enjoyed a very The severe decline of stock price* thiring the paH considerable rise; that there were fears of money tight three or four months lias led si good many people to ness--not realized, to be sure.-- that the failure, of certain believe that an early business depression is coming. brokerage houses and rumors of the insecurity of others Bids belief is based upon the fact, that in the past marked engendered alarm; that a specula!ive service having a deck nes in business activity have been preceded by very large clientele suddenly reversed Its position and marked declines in slock prices. became bearish; that forward buying cf goods began to Bill it is also a fact, that there have been more or less decrease; and that commodity prices weakened; nil marked recessions in stock prices- some of them almost, tended to undermine t he confidence of speculators. But if not quite, as severe as the recent one---which were none of these tilings indicates that vc are nearing a not. precursors of a business recession. The vital ques business depression; nor, in view of the entire (aide of tion of how severe the stock market drop must be in credit stringency, does the drop in stock prices to which Order to forecast a business, slump has not been satis these things undoubtedly largely contributed. factorily answered by ihe supporter* of the stock market barometer theory. . The Decline in Commodity Prices The Harvard Economic Service most aptly says: For three months or more wholesale eoinmodily prices "Not ti declining stock market alone, but this condition have been weak, and tin's fact has made not a. few people coincident with a strained condition of the money doubtful of the business future. Yet the decline has market has, in previous business cycles, constituted the been, on the average, as measured by the index numbers TH K D V PONT M AG AZI N K of l he 1". 8. Bureau of Labor Statistics ami of Bnulst reel's, only mh ih iw 1h t c between I and h pen* cent. This weakness of wholesale prices, apparently unaeeornpanicA by any general weakness of retail prices, and coincident with tux casing money market, dues nut point tu any marked decline in business during the coming mouths, The fuel that credit is abundant ami rela tively cheap indicates Uut the price decline has not been due to fore<`d liquidation of good*, and supports the belief that the dm-line will not proceed fVr. 7/#e Itvclhu' in Ye a- Orthrrs 'The fad that a very uouwrvative attitude still pre vails and `di.it new business in many hues is apparently smaller in volume than a lev months ago has been inlerpreled by some as a. sign that business is about b fade away. Ami yet there is good reason to believe 1 hal such is not t \v meaning. If one ran accept the belief 1 ha'., this -hoviuir down of new badness was I lie result of an attitude of c aul ion and conservatism, and uas due neither :o the pres,-nee <f large accumulations of slocks of poods nor to inability p> finance purchases, then the condition < eases to be dangerous and kecume.s hrulihy: il simply means a less speculative' r> 51 Made on the part of business men, and, consequently, a more -table, if si less feverish, condition of business. If the productive activity of Hu* early pari of the year did not rcsull in the accunmlat ion of a supply of poods which Ls at. presem greatly in exees* of the early consumptive needs of the country-- and it is believed llud Michwu< nol the ease--then those eoissuiiipfhe need.- are going to keep husines> from going forthwith into a decline. The Farmer's Plight Dollar wheat ha* again focused attention on Ihe rela tive lack of prosperity of die farmer a ml his consequent iiiLsutislW-fory puieloisiug |k iv <t . It is true that I he prices of farm pioduels, with a lew exceptions, such as cotton and corn, have remained too near the low points readied in lU`21. But. the cotton growers have fared very well and appear likely to do *o again this year. In the gnim-growing region- purehii-bng power may pe rhaps be le>* than last year, although lids h not at all assured; hul there is little doubt lhut the total pur chasing power of Ihe country, with industrial labor pretty fully employed, is greater now than a. year ago. Oiki'i -ippivhensHms Fears that present industrial wages are so far "out of line'' as to hasten a business dump seem to |* unwar ranted, While wane increases have been numerous, it is only in a few industries, sudi as tin* building trades, that they hove hegrm to reach alarming proportions. Certainly, high wages and general employment provide a purchasing power that will go a long way toward sus taining Ike demand for goods. Feurw that new construction will be so sharply cur tailed as to reduce disastrously the demand for steel and other huiidh.g materials and for labor <J<> no! appear juslilied. While there has been much postponement of building, much is si ill under way and it appears ex tremely likely that there will he enough additional building darted to maintain operations at a high rate during the remainder of this year at least. Favorable Factors After ill, fundamental eondilhms are, in general, sound. Credit is available in abundance and at rela tively low rales. The count ry's purchasing power, in spite of poor agricultural conditions, is nl present large, not only in terms of dollars but also in terms of the goods those dollars will buy. St neks of goods are said not. to have ito'unitthsled greatly, and although no direct evidence is obtainable on lids point, il is believed lliiii the statement is correct. The indications, both of 1 ho relatively small increase in demand* for credit dur ing the :>as1 year ami of the smallness of the com modity pries1 decline during ike recent period of weak ness, point to little sp< culat ive buying of commodit ies having taken place. There is no imliealIon that. indus trial inventories have been allowed to become unwieldy. A very strong probability exists of continu'd large rail road luiying, and a continued high degree of building anti road construction activity over mo*. I, if nol all. of the rest of Ihi* year. These things are all favorable to the continuation of good business. Still Good After 35 Years 0 BOH TSAI KX of 1 aukton, Son lb Dakota, were inter* -' estrd a few weeks ago in the tests of some old du Ford powder which was recovered from a hiding place where it had been for 35 years. In 1888 a group of lively boys raided a magazine on 1 lie outskirts of Yankton to old a in powder for a small cannon with which they intended to celebrate the Fourth of July. One of the hoys. Will Bordeno, after using part of the powder, stored it in a bam. Before the next Independence Day rolled around, Ids family moved 1o Kansas City, Kansas. Bordeno returned to the old home town this siumner and searched for the powder he hud hidden so many years ago, and recovered it. The incident created considerable comment. The powder was tested and pronounced "as good as ever/' The powder had a historic interest because it was believed to la* sonic of a consignment sent out in old frontier days. It was pac ked in one-pound cans aiul pictures of hnii'aloes and Indians adorned the labels. The cans boro the inscription. "Du Font Superfine II. F. Gunpowder, Wilmington, Delaware, I8n9/' Dean D. Gross, a hardware dealer of Yankton, states, "I have one of the one-pound cans of powder mentioned as having been hidden in the old bam and can verify the statement that it is in j.n excellent state of preser vation. In fact, 1 would hike it. for new powder. It is FFF rifle powder of which considerable quantities were used in this .section of the West at that, timed' > THE DU PONT MAGAZINE Touring With Fabrikoid Wherever the material is used in Motordom, it gives good service Qh^Y motoring has become popular ami wit 1ml a. gives you some idea- of the attractive hi lei lor, which is practicable way to spend one's vacation. The lure roomy and so thoroughly appointed as to suggest mi the road, the joys of camp life, the ever-changing apartment rather than an auto. Idle occupants laid scenery make it- so. But deep down in the heart ol' every every convenience possible, from a hath luh twmealb the Motorist is the Impel hat some Jiy he may take a trip 1 o the i aeifie Coast in hiseaninany have gratified the l ambit ion. floor to a, china closet, a gas stove and refrigerator, while the folding beds concealed locker space for bedspreads W, .1. 0*11era, for and otherneedftilsonthetrip* merly a factory represeniaIh'e oj -fhe Clmvmlet Motor Foin]>anY nt Sf. Louis, can k>ok hack upon such a trip. Accompanied by Ins wife and Altogether the body of the car cost Mr. OTTara only about 500, it is claimed, and in its const ruction lie used only high-grade -materials. ^ *rierid, he loured from Si, The rich-looking upholsteries 3ffui to. Oakland, Califor- on the folding berths arc du jda, by way of Portia ud, Dregon, jj) a car lately eon^melcd by hinnself. It was Thr fiJ-tliiKj h< rfJk* m-rr- upholrtcrrd in Fahrihm! Font Fabrikoid. We sus pected it when we first saw the iliuslrat ion in Ihe ('ha d d0()0~niilc trip areoinplished in 25 days in a house-on- mlet. Sales Speeder. That fad has since been confirmed v-hcols that was well planned t.o give lhe trio a. maximum and we call attention h> it here, believing rh.-H oilier cd comfort en route. The accompanying illustration gipsy motorists will he glad to know about il. A ^Tip-Over" Didn't Hurt This Top Jk sonic one told you that n touring cur could lurn the ordeal with out a single evidence of injury. The , turtle on Ihe road with practically the whole force of driver of the ear, speaking of the {incident, says: ^Everv !lnl>act coming oil I he fronl of the top Jb Would you believe ^ ^*rih just such an accident did occur a without injuring lime 1 think uf this trip 1 feel that I might to take off my haI. to the Rex . California Top." d'his top is well months ago in lown. ' It was a "Btsiek jffvo- known for its in-built strength arid durabil ity. The Craftsman Po.ssciigcr ea r equpl*ed wiih n Craftsman hufuikoid (CaliforniuJ>lm) top, made by . Ui ftex Alamifadur- Fabrikoid covering alscrhai a well-earned reputation for with standing all kinds of rough wear and abuse. ( ouipaiiy, of < \nnerKvillc, Yndbuim This combination of good construction and hen the machine up- high quality material S(d practically all old Is produces a top of re fright Wan imposed on markable rigidity and the front of ihc strorgly Constructed top. The phvtwn of thr rar a few moments afterIhe accident strength, which in this instance was subjected Not even. enough weight rested upon the radiator In to the severest kind of lest md came through !s'nr its coat of paint. 'Flic lop stood up so well under unharmed. Ihe burden that the occupants of the ear were proIacted After the accident. Ihedirl ground into the Fabrikoid Jrain serious injury. Aside from the fact that Home was easily washed off. and I he material looked as good G*okeii glass hnd to he replaced, the top came through as ever. A "tip-over"' didn't hurl Ibis top. THE DU TO NT MAGAZINE The Crow--Ail Outlaw of Wild Life His reputation is like his coat--as black as Mack can be ROWS ure doing an incalculable By PRANK J. BVItNE young, and the young of tame ducks. C ;ini(Hit;I. of damage in the rieh game territories of tin' Eastern Shoot of Virginia. They are drslroyim: thousands of the you tig and eggs c-f game Link, including the black (wild) duck, clapper On Cliineoteague island. Hog Island, Assn league and Palmer's Beach. Dr. Warren found that In order to protect their chickens and ducks l he islanders in the spring arid early summer hud been shooting out mils, or marsh liens, king and Virginia rails, willrls, ;i crows' nests and destroying their eggs or young. larger species of .shore birds, quail, and many kinds of "I found, however," suid Dr. Warren, "numerous useful. iiise< A-e<i ring birds. They are a Iso a constant egg!- of birds ami poultry scattered about the ground menace to poultry. These crows, which fretjuenl tile under trees and shrubbery on. these islands. These egg islands along the coast, are 1 lie1 spivics known as fish remains, as well as fragmentary evidence of other crow. They look like the roiiiiiioa erow found on the animal fund, were especially noticeable under trees and mainland and have his same pernicious hahils. bushes near edges of the woodland bordering the great Whal damage they ore doing is shown, in a recent salt water marshes. expedition underl uk<'L hv Dr. Ik 11. Warren, of West "On a remote section of Wallop's Island, which is Chester. Pennsylvania. who spent: three weeks on the probably two and a hall* miles from the mainland and islands of lhe Eastern Shore of Virginia. Dr. Warren, five miles south of Cliineoteague, 1. found five crows formerly stall? ornithologist of PennsyU ttniu, h ua nests. Three uf them eon tained young; the other two, authority on birds ami other natural history topic's and eggs. Under one nesl, containing four young nearly is an indefatigable student ready to fly, I picked up of wild life. 352 egg shells, most of TTe v'.sll ed Assal vague, which were those of clap Cliiu co tea gue, Re veil's, per rails. The remains of Cedar. Moekhom, Palm at least three black (wild) er's Beach. Owls' BhilF. ducks, king or big red rails, Wallop's and itog Islands, and Virginia rails were also and numerous marshes found. Among the egg about these Islands. He sl.tel.ls of non-game birds also visited Fa miner's were those of meadow lark, Point;, a narrow strip eon- killdeer, red-winged black nee ted with the mainland birds, it warbler, two kinds i: ear W a e h a p re a gne . of marsh-inhabiting spar T1 iesc are tidal islands row, mourning dove, great located from a mile and a bittern, green herons and half t.o eight miles from the mad n la ml. T !i ey boat-tailed grackle. "At Wallop's Island I abound hi game. The found no evidence of quail marshes are favorite nest or cottontails having been ing places for clapper rails destroyed by crows. Sev or mud hens, and black ducks. Sea-gulls, terns, willrts ern I years ugo when I investigated their game-destroy- --a larger species of shore birds--and others of I his mg habits on this island, I found on lhe ground, under group, as well as herons, haw their lies! hig places there. a nest containing young, a dozen or more quail's eggs The whole district is one of I lie favorite hunting places which had 1 icen eaten by crows. of t he ivist and has been so known for many genera! ions. "On (Vdar Island, about eighteen miles south of Only two of these islands have any considerable ('hincoteague, I found five crows' liesIs. There was & human population, i 'immoteaguc island, six miles from colony of about 10 crows on this islands showing that a the mainland, is the largest town in Arconuic County. number resorted there as a feeding station, aside from Its population is given as about 4,000. <)n Hog Island the nesting birds. there are two or three hundred pentuuien! residents. "In an hour and twenty minutes under these five Dr,Warren found thousands of eggs ofganieaml useful nests and within a radius uf a. hundred and fifty yards, birds destroyed by crows. He also found large numbers I found tolly 2500 egg shells uf game and noii-gitui of young birds slain. On islands where the people raise birds which had been eaten by crows. Three nests con poultry many eggs of chickens and tame ducks were tained young. AL the base of a low cedar tree where found, as well as the remains of adult chickens, their there were I wo it o w s ' nests, one of which contained four 1 THE DU PONT MAGAZINE young almost ready to fly, I picked up 197 eggs in a space not more than four feet square. These egg shells, with the exception of about twenty heron eggs, were practically all those of mud hens. "This trip wits made ori June 2. On June 19 I went Dr, If/arrm note,$ the n idvmr of a croie-fcast on- Rredi's 1stand: !f,0 rfffj shi'lh;--aoiml `nti back to this island, searched it carefully, and found seven additional crows' nesls, from all of which the .Young had departed. But under the same tree contain* lIJg the two nests discovered on our first visit, and at the bottom of which were 197 eggs, we found 125 more eggs, 'Vith at least 150 more in a radius of twenty-five yards from tlud, tree. We had denned up those previously found, so that the number of new shells showed how Voracious 1 he crows were. ``At Palmer's Bench abundant evidence of the eggdestroying proclivities of ermvs was found. Under one tall pine tree there were probably 75 to 100 egg shells, mostly those of clapper rails and laughing gulls. "At. Owls* Bluff we saw fully 75 crows, old and young, Ihe latter as large as their parents. These youngsters were traveling wii h the old birds to and from the meadow, the adult birds evidently teachmg their young how to forage for them selves, We found broken egg shells senfh'red all over this island on the meadows mid under trees and shrubbery. "Wc visited a- part of llevell's Island, which evidently is not frequented by human beings in the spring and summer season. Everywhere we detreted egg shells broken by crows. Lit one place loti broken shells were found under hushes close |<> woods near sail water marsh. No crow'* nest was nearhv. At another place, *Mish crow's nest was located in a large pine tree fully forty feet al >ove the ground. Ihe young hail recently left it. Twentyfive egg .whelk and many fragments, chiefly those of chipper rails and gulls, were found in a crotch of the tree two or three feet below the nest. On the ground were shells of eggs of clapper rails, gulls, herons, some wallets, a few terns, and several small non-game birds. There were fully 300 eggs under and about this tree, making at least 325 eggs, including those found in the crotch of the tree. "We spent the greater part of a day at Hog Island. With a native guide we traveled four or five miles and found in various places a few eggs eaten by crows and the remains of birds which crows had killed and devoured. "When I returned to tlw v'Huge on Hog Island and interviewed residents. I was informed that the crows hud committed .such serious depredn lions to their poul try that the owners and their friends had been shooting out I he crows' nests when they contained eggs. Al though possibly u dozen crows were seen on the island, they simply came there on Joraging expeditions and departed for other points where they could rear Ijielr hroods free from man's interference. We found and collected 100 or more eggs, a uuinlx'r of which were those of domestic fowls, elapjier rails, green herons, imul hens, and song birds. "At both Moekhorn Island and Pa miner's Poinl con ditions were found to be as serious as un the other islands. "It is evident U. any thoughtful person that to pre serve game for future generations we should establish sanctuaries where game will propagate and be protected from natural enemies. The islands visited arc largely owned or controlled by sportsmen's clubs, ami Uieir keepers have learned from experience to destroy depre dating birds and other animals which prey upon game. On islands where natives raise domesUe fowls they have learned that they must destroy vermin, and they regu larly go out am] shoot, the crows and their nests. Experi ence has taught them that it is best to shoot into flit* crows' nests before t hey have young, since at this j mw u k I these Argus-eyed robbers arc most destructive of the eggs and young of poultry and wild birds." THE J>U FONT MAGAZINE Some interesting details about coal production in the West Virginia fields "I'm a lump and an egg, and a bit of dock"--Wi tli apologies to Kipling, BT ns follow a ton of White Oak By W, E, TISSUE Asmara M ^na-'or of S?,1.k Whih* Onk Civil Cf>o%.[ >my next working place. This operation has taken about 4b minutes. The next job is to load the iindcrcul- 1 ooal from 11m1 "fare" or scene of actual mining mil il it b prcpuml and loaded h i the railroad car for shipment. This is a shaft opera- Lings before blasting the undercut coal. Here is where '`White Oak" preparation begins. (kncful shooting greatly increases the percentage of lion -Iho fool, in depth and wonnisl. ..... ! lump or coarse sizesof coal. Meny travel underground nearly two miles from the shal l Iwdlorn to I he fnee of the coal. Before shooting it. down, the first operation is under cutting, This is done By a power ful electrics lly driven machine operated by a machine runner and his helper. It moves from phi.ee to place on a self-propelled truck ilt' mins' <Jn>f:rihi`d h> ihh miiele iU T>ne of fifteen mines operated by tlie Stiver Coal Company in llie New River snn>kele.v> coat field* of We^t Vir ginia. These mine-! have a daily pro duction i>f 10,000 Ion* of "Willie Oak/ coat a product highly regarded both for slfr-.uii and domeslie joirposes because it in very low in a*h and very high in heal value. The New River Company tests have been conducted by om' inspect ion 1 )epartment to deter mine the most suitable explosive to use in each mine. Permissible explosives approved by the United Stales Bureau of Mines are used exclusively. There are many types of this explosive. Careful tests must be made before selecting an under its own power. On arriving aims to produce the cleanest coal w Il Ii explosive that will produce the at the working place the machine the liiglierfl percentage of lump |Mi-*ilde. greatest percentage of lump after is unloaded and secured on the Du Pon! explosive- and teelmiofd ner shooting. Demonstrators conduct ho! torn. vier have helped to achieve that result. t these tests and carefully watch and The principle of this cutting i:- =====--. rcxmrd the effect, of the powders machine Is an endless chain with on the different types of coal. bits or teeth inserted which cut a "kerf" or opening four At different locations across the face of the coal the Inches high and seven and a half fed deep into the coal. miner now drills boreholes for the purpose of inserting The miner's working place is twelve to eighteen feel, the explosive. These holes are drilled by hand and arc wide, mid the machine is moved across and along Hie of a size to exactly accommodate the explosive car coal by a .steel rope during this operation. These tridges. The location of tlie.se holes, their depth and machines are capable of cutting 200 tons per day in a diameter, and the amount of explosive used all have u four-fool seam of coal. When the dust or line coat from direct bearing on the percentage of lump coal produeed. the undercut has been carefully removed from the kerf The.se matters have all been taken care of by the "White or opening, the machine is reloaded and moved to the Oak" Inspection Department and a blue print furnished faff: "White Oak" void loaded mi ears rv-udg for ahipiiufnf, with the tipple iti the background at Hcarhm, BV.d Virginia. 6 THE DU PONT MAGAZINE The mukreultitm operation finished, the ue.rt job is to hare the hides for the explosive charges cat;11 section foreman in the mine who exercise* super vision over the shooting, in addition to his duties of looking after the safely of the men. After drilling the holes, inserting the explosive and detonator, tie attaches a shooting cable, retires to a place of safety and tires the shot. The drilling of the holes ami the shooting have taken about an hour. The coal shot down is what is known commercially as ``mine run" and is ready to be loaded into mine cars of 1 l'2-ton capacity for delivery hi the tipple. These cars are substantially built of wood with steel trucks. There are 350 of them in the mine. The miner attaches Ids check to thr* car for identificahon at the tipple and for proper credit when it is dumped. He is paid for the actual scale weight of the coal. Additional cars are rapidly supplied him until all the coal in his winking place is loaded out and the chamber cleaned up for re-cutting. A 0-ton electric gathering locomotive--there are seven of them at this mine--hauls the mine car approxi mately 2,000 feet to a side-track where it is later picked up by a main haul electric locomotive. This mine is equipped with two of them. Our ear is now one of Ihuiy, all m one trip and headed for the shaft bottom, approximately 7.000 feet away. Upon its arrival the trip is attached to a feeder chain, which delivers the mine cars to an automatic caging device. This places the ears, one at a lime, on the cage preparatory to being hoisted to the tipple over the shaft. The ears are hoisted to I lie surface by a huge hoisting engine which can raise, dump, and return the mine cars at the rale of two each minute. When a car is placed on the cage, a man at the hoi lorn of the shaft signals the hoisting engineer that all is ready. The car is rapidly pulled up the 4hf>-foot shaft to the head frame in the tipple where it dumps automati cally and is lowered into lhe mine for reloading. The coal discharges iulo a. steel hopper where it is carefully weighed and credited to the miner. After weighing, the coal passes into a reciprocating feeder, which controls the flow of coal to the shaker screens, so that it is feet in uniform quantifies to insure proper screening; thence over u rapidly oscillating screening plate sixty inches wide and twelve feet long, containing slots one and one-eighth inch wide a I the top, tapering to two inches wide a( the bottom and twelve inches long. This screening plate removes the nut and slack euuL which drops through I his plate ami runs through a con vey chule to i he slack car. The lump and egg coal are now mixed, and it is necessary to separate them. The rout next passes over an. oscillating screen of the same width mid depth hut having openings of three inches wide at the top, tapering to four mid threequarter inches at the base. These screens are stepped, or rather have three inch offsets, which turn over every piece to prevent the slack from "riding'* the larger lumps over into the prepared eoai. The egg-size coal drops through this screen plate and is conveyed to a re-screen which extracts all the line coal and slack made by the shaker screen during its operation; the slack from this re-screen is picket! up by ;i conveyer and taken to the .slack oar. After passing over the re-screen the egg coal is de posited on an adjustable loading Ik k mu 30 feet long and 3b inches wide, where it is spread out for careful inspec tion. The lump coal passing over this screen is con veyed to a loading boom and placed in the lump ear. A competent inspector is stationed on each boom where he is in easy reach of a push button control that, enables him to stop the machinery instantly and remove any impurities. These booms are all adjustable. As the cor is placed under the tipple for loading, the boom is lowered to the floor of the cur; as the ear fills up, the boom is gradually raised, thus preventing any breakage. The railroad ears are controlled by ear retarders. A car may he moved a foot at a time if necessary. As the coal reaches the top of the car, men who are expert trimmers place the coal so as to load it to its full hulk capacity, give the coal a good appearance and prevent kiss in transit. The cur is then recorded on the inspector** Continued on i?age /.? This rime shows the result of a shot Note that the mol is broken in large lumps % die blast THE DU PONT MAGAZINE ee Levees minimize flood losses along the Mississippi, but some of the water seeps through and makes ditch-cleaning work for in Pont dynamite HE Government has sjienl u h I- TliuJiLS in building ]i".Tcs along i lie Mississippi to keep the turbulent flood waters wil bin clue hi ill mis. Bv O. B. MONO! IAN Hi-p-'ifK-nOi-.! vc fcxo nivi--. T><-}i.rt nwa! Usually, 1 hey accoeomn tractors llii- first shots were witnessed by members of the drainage district, visitors from oilier districts, engineers, and others interested in drainage work. plish that major purfjose, but occasionally the riTvheer shooting was done in a single line of holes twenty- breaks through the high mounds of rurih. causing enor eight inches deep and spaced twentyTour inches mous damage lo prupcrl v mid apart. This spacing was some! lines loss of lives, as was s; ..... " " ---- .... " ----*= : main! ained as standard prac the ease last year. But wind we h:i.\ e chosen. to call ""Missis- i liecamstant seepage of water through levee walls, is something that laud owners in I he Mississippi valley have to contend ui111 alt the time, for the levels are nol seep-proof. in many instances property owners, join I iy with the Gov ernment, have been called on to expend more money to get rid of seepage water Ulan the original levee enst. It has meant digging ditch lines lead ing to reservoirs where pumps could lie installed to fnrre Hie !| ; | .j j j! ! j 'faking iuin' of n-i-pagc voter i* a Ingaer prob lem rhan many people imagine, SlaUati-v* puhlNi rd io llie HeHamation Kocmit imiiculc that tin* b. S. Government lias been spending millions of dollars in construct ing lrahia*ro 'works for irrigalcd lamf*, Tin* worko<mipi*Unl is estimate! to have reclaimed ami proierteil f1*001 seepage aho it371),1)00 acres of irrigable laml, and there are about 125,000 aerrs vhieh are damaged by HcejHtge. 1'iiefte drainage works are located on wn'mlrm proj ects in thirteen Matcu. Tina article will tell you something about seep age water that ironies through the levees along the Mbsbstppi Kiverand necessitates pumping tiiLion* continually operated. tice in loading as long as the work continued in the spring. LiUc in the fall the work was resumed and finally completed when the water in the ditch was covered with ice. Under these conditions the spacing was out down to eighteen inches between holes. All shots were made by the propagation method, with a blasting cap placed in the cen ter charge of 200 holes. The explosive charge in each hole was limited to one pound, ex cept in every tenth hole where mi additional half-pound was water hack into the river. And added as 11 booster charge. when seepage water comes The old ditch averaged through all the time, keeping these ditches open and twenty feet in width. The new channel averaged nine pumping the water out Incomes a const ant under feet at the top, three feet lit, the bottom ami three and taking and. as one may well imagine, an expensive one. one-half feet deeper than t lie original ditch. Altogether, The problem of keeping the drainage channels open dynamite cleaned out three and one-half miles of ditch. is imumitlly troublesome. The flat land does not permit The Libor item covered the services of four men for six of digging ditches with suHieienl fall to ear-y the water teen days, three men for nine days, and two men for live off rapidly, whirh would l end to make the ditches self days, or Ihc equivalent of one man's lime for 101 days. cleaning. Instead. the watercourse* is a sluggish, turbid The amount of explosives required for this job was stream so Unit there is a continuous deposit of sediment 8,000 pounds of straight dynamite. being formed, making it necessary to eh*an out the To have moved a dredge in to do the work would have dilehes more frequently than Is Ute ease in other parks involved many times the total expense required to shoot of the country. this channel, and it would also Lave meant tearing down Due speeihe instance of a drainage dilek lied filled up and rebuilding all the bridges along the watercourse. and ceased to funetion occurred in the Drury Drainage Blasting was therefore ihc most economical way U> do District of Illinois, just across the river from lhe city of the work as the results clearly indlealul. Muscarine. Iowa, If herame imperative to reopen t lie Generally, it may be said lliat if drainage dilehes are ditch channel because the water would not flow in promptly cleaned out ns soon as there is a noticeable suilicieni volume to permit of pumping for more than obstruction in t he walerflow, I hey can be maintained in one or two hours a day. The (listriel e-Miimissioner serviceable condition a long time- But If Ihe stoppage asked a du Pont representative to look over the work and is not removed imfil considerable sedinieiitlmsaccumu determine if dynamite could lx* used to advantage, arid lated, the cleaning operation, instead of requiring;* few' the rcMiil. was a riH'ommc`ri<lation to clean out 1 he ditch sticks of dynamite, is likely to requin* many of them, with 6ft per rent si might dynamite. making an expensive job. A little twist of the old axiom The work was started in the spring of the year, and slates the situation aptly: "A stick in time saves nine/' 8 THE DU PONT MAGAZINE - Helpful Hints to Ditch Blasters Best lii our Back ^IlKDITABLE work calls fur careful preparanon. Particularly is this true of diteh-hhisliiig by the P^opa^nlion method. If you would blast a straight, intri, clean-cut ditch. make sure the ditch line is straight the outset, space the holes uniformly, punch them lo an approximately uniform depth, grade considered, ^h ! load accordingly. Unless then.* is a variation in the character or moisture content .if the soil, unless TN a rof-ont number of the ( hevrolci Sales Speeder *" appeared an article about an automobile back cush ion, wdiieh \vc quote hi part : "Areyou short? A little below tin- medium height, or long-bodied arid short-legged? Then you will appre ciate how men or women drivers fee! when they are a little too short to reach the pedals. They have to slide rOeks, .stumps or other obsiructions are eneounlered u"hkth necessitate special preparation, uniform loading ^1) usually be relied upon to pi re uniform results. A stout cord--stretched laul between wooden stakes along the ditch. hue and parallel to grade--is a depend able guide for keeping the holes in alignment. And one iJf Hie best ways to have the holes spared regularly is h crimp double-pointed, copper rivets to the cord al Squired ini ervals, so i hat w hen the rord is in position vaeh rivet will show where a hole is to be punched. h)f course, if the ditch line is comparatively short. -le practice of fastening the rivets on the cord is nirdly warranted; but if if is proposed to blast a ditch se%<'rul hundred yards long, the time required to prefMre the cord in this manner is usually well invested. ditches of short. length, many professional blasters jaerely use a stick of wood cut to the desired length regulating the space between holes. 'vooden puneh-hars, gradually tapering to a point, `^4 p| a diameter large enough to admit a IJ^-incli J^rtridge, have been found most satisfactory for making *oles in soft ground. In hard ground steel bars are Pessary. ' After \\lt> |iy]eH arc pmieluul it is important that the > Canute charges be forced down into the ground an ^en distance from the cord. This is easilv done !>v the The cushion for your lack that rests you when you arc tired forward on the scat, and niter they have driven a short distance they are fatigued. And no wonder--there's no support for the back. "Numerous automobile back cushions have been devised, but here is one that takes the palm. It's quite the neatest tiling of its kind we've ever .seen. The wedge-shape just `hits the spot' and rests you where you're tired. "This cushion is const moled of 4,000 Quality Pubrikoid, which--as nearly everyone knows--will resist water, weather and wear. It is rugged, waterproof and washable and cun be cleaned with a damp cloth. It docs not scuff or grow shabby. Ls grease-proof and stain-proof. "Il comes with the Chevrolet, trademark embossed on it in a rich, two-tone effect, and the cushions can be obtained in a variety of pleasing colors, such as blue, brown and red Moorish. stoat cord HrtirJ/rd laid hehceen wooden stairs exI ^dienl of cutting a. notch on the tamping j .iUs 51 guide in pushing (he charge in pla<e. ^ ls Mood practice to pour a little water in the holes, Uq Wader is encountered, in order to punch them hole/ taf^' After hauling, it is a good plan to fill the ^ * %'hh water to act as tamping and also to assist propagation. '`The filling for the cushion is the result, of careful development. It is stidled with a very finely picked cotton floss which will retain i(s resiliency fur a long time,and has practically no tendency to tunl or lump. It combines elasticity with light weight mid has a separate cushion within, which Inis the effort of an air cushion. After use, it returns to its original .shaped* Tins cushion is manufactured In the Texar! Corpora tion, 75 Carson Avenue, Newburgh, New York. We understand that they will supply them either with or without the Chevrolet trademark embossed thereon at. $L75 each, delivered. THE DU PONT MAGAZINE Blasting Caps Dangerous Playthings LASTING caps and electric blast- i*v IIKRK' B ing caps arc useful agents lor detonating n eh.irgi of explosives hi n Ixw bolt? but os play things for children I fury arc not desirable. Last moiltIi lwo boys of sr-ven and nine walking along a aoiftitry ivad in .Michigan spied a small. glittering copper lube in the 'hist. The older hoy picked it up, squinted bin eye at the open cud, and then extracting a nail from Ids pocket began to dig out die tubes contends. The In lie fellmv crowded close to w aich proceedings. The cap exploded, hurling small bits of copper violently upward into the hoys' faces. Their cheeks were sera t died and cat and each hoy lost die sight of one eye. A few weeks ago a hoy in Jasper, .New York, whose father works in a quarry, found a blasting cap on the floor in their house near the hook where his father hangs his working clothes. lie took the cap out into the yard and began pounding it with a stone. The cap exploded and a piece of lhe eojjfKM* shell buried itself in the boy's eyeball. "Recently some children in Cleveland found a number of electric blasting caps and. with a vision of lollipops for nd on tin* horizon, tried to sell them to a junk dealer for old metal. He pointed oul the cotton covering no the wires and refused to buy them. Bo tin* children set to work scraping oil Hie insulation. This proved slow and hard. Borne one suggested burning it off. A small fire was built and the wires were llirust into the (lames. Theenps exploded and seven children and a. man working nearby were injured, two of them being seriously burned. Not Jong ago in Xew England some boys were dis covered throwing slicks of blasting gelatin which they had pilfered from a quarry in the vicinity, under the wheels of an approaching trolley ear sifter the approved American fashion with Fourth of July torpedoes. Fortunately the cartridges rolled away from the tracks mid landed safely in the middle of the rosicl bed. Obviously neither dynamite cartridges nor blasting caps lire made to be handled by children. Their func tion is to explode. If given a chance or son i el lines even half a chance they wifi do so. Sticking a match in si blasting cap, stepping on it, hammering it, denting It with a knife, digging out. its contents with a. nail, jerk-ng out the wires of an electric hltsting cap, or swinging it hard ngainst n fence or sidewalk renting 'em rough" in any manner whatsoever is dangerous. When caps explode, even one at a time, they can do a good deal of damage. When set off, n blasting cap will tear its copper shell into bits with such violence that they will bury themselves in iron a foot away or shoot stmight through n sled phde one-sixteenth of an inch thick. A single cap exploding in a hoy's hand can easily blow the hand to pieces mid hurl si fragmerd or two of copper into Ids c>vhnll hi the bargain. Every year K. DAVIS more than one hundred children in this* country arc injured by playing with blasting caps--all of 1 hem painfully hurt and some of ! hem maimed for Hie rest of their lives. An inquiring disposition, ignorance and (ugh explo sives are not a safe combination and had much better he kepi apart. Hut quarries ami mines and bias!lag operations for const ruction work naturally have fascination, for children. They like to gel as close to 1 hem as they are allowed to while work is in progress and to explore them on Sundays. if explosives are kepi in unlocked houses or are left lying around unguarded, or even if a sJr;iy blasting cap is dropped on Hie ground ill id forgoUeii, some boy is pretty likely Jo find tin* treasure--with the risk of blowing up himself and any ruie else who happens to be on. the spot. Or if men handling explosives leave hhi.sl.ing caps in their pockets to drop mil by (he roadside or in their own houses, or lake partly used boxes of caps home with them, the chances arc that a child will get hold of a cap or I wo with disastrous results. Of course, children who live near operations where explosives arc* being used should be warned against playing with caps or dynamite-. Rut so long us childi'1*11 are children, curiosity and a faculty for forgetting warm lugs will exist, so the responsibility for preventing acci dents must rest. ui>on their elders. Users of explosive? who wish to sleep at night unhaur.ied hy the though^ of their own child's or their neighbor's child's manglv^ fingers and sightless eyes should take careful count every stick of dynamite and of every enp they ha-itdl0, making sure (hat it either explodes as intended or 1 t-*I it is put away under lock and key. Wild Goose !Nets Robbed by Raven The following quotation from the Tt-ms* of Tries! River, Idaho, tells its own .story and shows the necessity of anti-vermin activities on the part of all sportsmen - TV few days ago Ed Trainer, who has been working on the Priest River drive, discovered two wild goo*c nests on an island about, sixteen miles north of Priest River. One nest eon lamed eggs while the other c o t v Udiied five goslings. The nearness of the men on thc drive drove the mother geese away from the nest, fowl* nearness of men meant nothing to a big raven that Wis nearby. If. flew down to the nests and carried off con tents, and all white the men watched them." 10 THE DU PONT MAGAZINE A Portable Dining Room Suite F you have ever been on a I picnic or vamping trip with out a table to eat from or chairs to .sit on; if you have ever forgo! fen the "Thou-.shalt-notswear'' commandment trying to gel regular folding chairs and tables into an automobile so they wouldn't crowd out the wife and children; if you have suffered the many mishaps which la set the camper with Ids dining equip ment, you will appreciate wlmt John S. Anderson, of Jamestown. New York, has done for suffering humanity. ^Irs. Anderson bad frequently asked her husband if be couldn't solve Lite problem of table and seals for uubiigM, because the Andersens are very four I of picnics. The result is shown in the accompanying illustrations. The ease is covered with du Pont Rubber ('loth, with nickel-plated metal corners. It opens up to form a table 24 by 22 inches. Inside this neat, handy, durable ease are four folding chairs, steel-reinforced with rubber Goth seats. It also contains a metal box 7J4 by 11 Jqj by d inches for cutlery, tableware, napkins and other accessories. The table has folding metal legs, the whole nntlit weighing only 25 pounds. Where the table and chairs are not covered with the rubber cloth, the wood or metal is finished with Yiseolae enamels* This combination makes aa attractive, water proof job. Incidentally, for the information of any readers who may want to procure this equipment quickly, we add this line: Dealers, or those interested it) single eases, should write to the Tablcca.se Company, Jamestown, New York. This product is now being shown sit the Du Pont Products Exhibit, 1121 Board walk, Atlantic City, New Jersey. An Interesting Exhibit QOLD fish in a glass aquarium are undoubtedly The walls of this aquarium are made of Safet.ee Glass, attractive. To watch them swim about within a product made so strong that it. resists the impact of glass walk is a fascinating pastime; to feed them is a heavy bloxvs without, shattering, A sheet of Trans Kbll greater pleasure. But. always there is the haunting fear llial some one may break the fragile bowl and that the water will flood over the floor. When that- happens Ihere is a muss to clean up, aside from rendering first aid to the fish, a,id expense of buying parent Pyralin solidly pressed between two sheets of glass gives it this unusual property. For more than two years this aquarium was exhibited at the Du Pont Products Store at Atlantic City. Despite the fact that the glass was cracked, the Pyralin within a new home for them. Were it held water perfectly. Uni for th is hazard, gold fish We call attention to this illus Would be much more popular household pets than they are. tration merely to remind you t hal Pyralin is a material of very Common glass breaks easily, CallojiH of water in a fragile glass unusurl properties. Its use within the glass walls container cannot be other than . of this aquarium is only tl potential source of trouble, un one of hundreds of uses less the aquarium is made - in which transparent With glass wails like the sheeting slock finds a plaec n<> illustrated here. It looks as though some mah- Gous person had tried to This -ilUistralss uhul Pyralin ;shN-.fhuj does to make glass nun-shuHcraUf iii the munufacturc of thousands of commercial products. It may he just. break this one with a hammer. Ahull observe the evi what you need for some manufacturing need of your dence in four different places, with the fractures running own. Tell us about it. Write to the Application and Gear across the ciuse. It was done purposely--to demon Research Department of the du Pont Company at strate [.hat not all glass is as fragile as it seems. Arlington, N. J. 11 THE DU PONT MAGAZINE THE DU PONT MAGAZINE Vui'h`.--heJ tintf c'ifqfri'jktud hy K. 1- IH PONT J>1% NEMOURS & COMPANY, Inc. Sh-h.-friplum, r,(s cfnts the yiar E. 11, \1*Nii'Hi:;;rKU....................................................... Ediin* PuhJinb,!rn nur, r^prinl, with crrj'ilit, all sirfcidtT': a.n'1 iUu*!'r:ifmn<< r-T-pt -:irr,wirsvC W->nnl popj.-riiihl. kSiVtrolypt's will, wl.cn jjo,:-ibU. be fumMir-o an rrrunise V<.!. XVII AlIGUST. l!H3 No. K F. B. Davis, Jr.. Now General Manager 'FRANCIS IV DAVIS, Jr., has been made general * luanagrrof I lie du Font C 'ompany's IVniiiii Departmonl. He succeeds II. (I. M. Carpenter whovns culled in to fake over the work last February when C, \\. PliellisJhen general manager, resigned. Mr. Davis,who had been in former years a flu Pont employee uml had been transferred to tin: <emend Motors < 'orporalion, was called back to heroine Mr. ('arpenterhs assistant. It. W. Ihokuw has been advanced to the position of assistant general manager. nisuie vacant by Air, Davis promotion. Rodgers Wilson \7Tm iiiiicli regret we note the passing of Rodgers " Wilson. the popular superintendent of the Nemours, West. Virginia, plant, who died July 21. His death removes from the du Font, organization one who had serves! it. faithfully for nearly twenty years. Mr. Wilson, a native of New Castle, Delaware, received Ills early education in the public schools of his home town, and subsequently pursued courses at Friends' School in Wilmington and at. the University of Pennsylvania. After halving school lie was first em ployed at. the Harlan and J Mlingworth shipbuilding plant of which his father was superintendent Later, lie accepted a position with, the Maryland Slee! Company at Sparrows Point, Maryland, where Vie remained imiil lie entered the employ of the du Font Company in 100J as mill office Cork at the Brandywine plant, ills ability was souii fevsanled by advancement to the position of chief clerk. Subsequently lie was made superintendent of the former du Pout plant at Schaghtieoke, New York. In later years, besides holding a resjHmsihle stafl position in tin- black powder division of the company al Wilmington during Hm war years, he van at various times superintendent of the lirandywine and Nemours works. Air. Wil son was of a genial disposition and had a wide circle of friends in Wilmington and elsewhere. lie1 was highly esteemed by Ins associates and was popular with the workers ai the various plants where he had held exec utive, positions. IIL death is sincerely deplored by all who knew him, and ihe company Inis lost one of its most loytd employ**^. Ditching Demon* Ira Lion in Florida TIIK Fort Myers (Florida) Trupiml Svu a repea ls an liileresling dilrli-hla.sl.iiig operation which was con ducted near an orange grove at Tice, Lee County, Florida, last Spring. The major details of the story about I his UOO-fout. ditch can be told in IwoN: \ he work was clone in less Ilian hro days, with //re s hots at a total expense of less limn S200by (Mho (fit Si niyer, one of our agrionllural demons!ralnra, mid Ids Pm helpers. This ditch was made through a lira vy growth of tangled brush, stumps, and some large1 standing timber in low hammock land. Any one* >\ Iio i-> familiar with kind l\ pcs in Florida ran readily visualize! I he* picture wil hoiif. an ilhisl ml ion. The purpose of the ditch was to drain an orange grove1. Holes three feet deep were punched along the ditch line at intervals of thirty inches, and half-pound charges of du Font hO per cent .-f might dynamite were loaded. Only one elect lie blast ing cap was used to detonate the charges. The first shot resulted in a ditch '00 feet long, ami the second extended it. J00 feel farther. The completed ditch is four to five fee! deep, three to four feet wide at the hottorn, and twelve feet wide at the top. Many orange growers of that section witnessed the demonstration mid were much impressed with the propagated ditch-blasting met hod and its low cost, as compared with the usual laborious way with axe, pick and shovel. Du Font, dynamite once loaded in the holes can finish the job in the twinkling of an eye; the old-fashioned way consumes a seemingly endless length of time and involves a disproportionate amount of work. Malaria Control--An Appreciation T)rK HLNC with Dynamite Fays'? Yes, Jf people ^ only knew wJuif an enormous tribute they pay to miliaria they would be under many obligations to your company.5* writes Dr. C. A. II. Campbell of the Health Division of Han Antonio, Texas, to a representative of the du Font Company. Dr, Campbell is an authority cm malaria, control. lie discovered that bats prey upon mosquitoes, and pre vailed upon the municipal authorities of Han Antonio to build 1 ho first but most ever constructed. The daytime housing of these creatures proved to be an ex cellent investment, for each night lhey sallied forth to catch, kill and mil mosquitoes, a favorite purl of their diet, and malaria was .soon brought under control. His letter concludes: "We ought not to depend on any one thing in Ihe light on imditrin. Employ them all infantry, cavalry, artillery, |>ison gases, bombs, hubs, drainage, in fact, a*t?tthiny Unit, sounds as if it would destroy mosquitoes." THE DU PONT MAGAZINE 7Z, JJOW the Louisville C'ement Company, of Speed. Indiana, provides safety for its quarrymen during ii blast m illustrated here through the courtesy of Rock l roducis. Inddenlallv, these devices save money With the blast only 100 feet away ike quarrymen ate safe here which in many quarries is paid out for time not utilized Hi production--time spent by the workmen in going to and from some distant place of safety before and after blasts. ` UM many large open quarries it is necessary for the men to go one-eighth and sometimes as far as a quarter of a mile from a Mast. For instance, a quarry of modest size employs, let us say, twenty men who are paid an average hourly rate of thirty cents. If it is necessary that these men go one-eighth of a mile from a blast, it Cleans that each man spends at least a total of twenty minutes, including going, waiting for the blast, and ^turning to his work. This entails an expenditure of ex^tly $2 for every series of blasts. `*The Louisville company is no doubt cutting this cost at least in half by the installation of steel cylindrical tanks, such as shown in the illustration. This tank was located not more than 100 feet from the blast. '"For this company, this type of safety Louse' is inex pensive. Once it served as cooler in the cement mill proper. By merely closing up one end of a cylinder with heavy timbers and bolting 2 x 4-inch timbers extending the full length on either side for the men to brace them.selves against, the lank needed no other alteration in being converted from a cooler into a place of safety. ``Prior to using these steel cylinders for this service the company used safely houses of Y-shape timber con struction, as illustrated. While this type of protector is perhaps more practical, due to the fact dial it can be constructed very easily at any operation, it is not as efficient as the steel-tank type, because it is more cum bersome to handle; also, it cannot be placed as near to a blast. The steel-tank type is especially desirable because it can be rolled easily from one place to another. * ' Safety houses lib- ibis in the quarry are money-saver# Mining 'White Oak Coal Continued from page 7 report. 'Flu* cur number, lype of ear, and grade of coal are reported to t he shipping department at Macdonald, nnd shipping instructions are furnished immediately. in conducting Hie coal-mining industry, a great many Munitions are incidental to the actual producing of a fun oj coal. For instance, the mine must be ventilated ]" accordance with the strict West Virginia Stale Minlllg Laws. The mine must he kept free from water. Large and expensive transmission lines must be erected to convey electric power from the nearest power comparry. Expensive substations, metering frames, and oilier equipment must lie provided to measure and transform this power for mine use. Al shaft operations electrical storage battery lamps must he purchased, s'aeks erected to recharge the lamps, and a service station provided wffh a man to repair, maintain, and issue these lamps to the miners; shops, with all neces sary tools, in list he provided to repair mine cars, motor pits, ami so on, to enable speedy inspect ion and repair of the mine locomotives; sand dryers to dry sand for the mine locomotives and special ears to transport the dry sand must lie constructed. Large wnlor tanks to take care of the mine requirements, as well as the domestic supply, must be erected, and water lines laid. Storage and other handling facilities for taking care of the slate, roek an<l dirt removed from the mine must he taken care of. Where mules are used in the mine a large stable and necessary feed buildings must be erected. An auxiliary gasoline engine must he provided to operate the mine fan in case the electric power goes off while the miners are al work. All of these, and many more, are absolutely necessary for the safe and economical operation uf a coal mine. 13 An authoritative discussion of this most important subject \17TIJlfJh: rentilnIiun bus practically 11/ always hi-i-ii deemed an inlcj4r.il f f pari iff cni-i minim;, metal iihin's have rarely paid rii!ii.li. if any, ;j I *<-u 1 i**ii In By 1> 1-1 \RlD\GTOX Su|H'rviHing Xt-nirij' Ciif{!r.tH-r V. !?:. ii-iM'itij ni \Tinf-s I he most important rumsrderatinn in ofleet ing adequate venlilation of mines and ill the protection of the health and the for warding am! maintaining uf the working air ci rental ion mid furred lo do sn liv occurrence of some ffifiency of 1 he underground workers. untoward cniidifi-.n or accident. Yet metal mbie> aelmdly Temperature of underground air is affected by outside air have as grcal need of eilkiml cireiibdior of air as ha\e (n;ii leuipciahire in varying degree, <lep4-!ideiit on depth and The coal mine nmsl remnvi- the dangi-mus explosive ivlent of workings, air velocities and oilier eomsiderafioiis; r';-s iiiidbiUN', also timms from explosives. and in occasional ralure of mine air is very definitely a4?<vied liy under- ntirrs other go.-cs sun's a- ( O- or nil rogen; mrlnl umic-. have e.muml nn k ai r! water 1 emp*nitnres, by (pmntify of air flow l : real er iieot`.~.si I y :. > reii v we fumes ing. by <xicL*itinii (or decay} of : r mi cxph! \ r-., fret jncnily hu*. c limbers and ores, and by mine h easier- to r. -in> u-.-- f'(},, nil n*geu fires. It is also affected to a iiud other g?isc.- trussi si rata, anrt > veil I he rial miners* explosive ....melhaiie - - i- occasionally nr c-umBercd. In .iddilotL cireu- Ij j| ; *i\itHarrington, who contributes this J-T-1, arliole. is uiniouhtedly llnr gi catot living amImrilY on iln- subject of mine greater or less extent by friction due to velocity of flow*, and by moving of ground; and firing of shots, heat from lights used and i-iiniy ir vursvuG: an 'iri_eni;> verililalion, II is conclusion^ .is to the hu* from breathing of animals, heated iioedetl m iiH'tai mines lo iv ;!ih t excessively high lnmYd.ly ai-il tcmperan-vi- so fr.-imvntly found 'i> oiirn:i'L-d mire-. Old wry ran ^ ii coal niiTirs; uhu the mniinw N'S sif minutely fine pertides of rock dust Hunting in llio stagnant. air of tncktl mines and very largely responsible for miners* consumption and other diseases so > :j I ! mamtarian and ?rononiir advantages of adeqiifUe vcntilafioii in metal jninc^ are so well ba-cd and .'iiuheiuic that the mining imhistty G everyndicre putting his roeomimuularifins into crfect. When the attniliun of mine operators and < iigiriccr- because formed upon the problems of better ventilation, the Du Font Fabrikoid air obtained from oilier mines, and from electric motors and other machinery may seriously affect local temperature of air of under ground workings. Relative humidity of under ground air is affected to some extent by humidity of surface air, hu t i uueh more vitally by moistu re content of walls of underground provident amone on* metal miners Division wan adeed to dcv<rlop a llexilde ven- m many reimms. conk! be aInif-i - tilation tubing =o trcat<sl ay to give increased wholly removed by adequate veil 1 dnlion. The generally a<--opted and more economical service by resisting the coiiclusiim that cusd niiueis 1i;j .\ e a i'fferl- heat- inoistitre. n>ildew\ aei<] watew, healthful occupation and live In a . fumes, ere. I)n Font VFX'l'f'BF was the re- workings, and especially by wider dripping through the air. Quan tity, temperature and velocity of air flowing also ultimately affect, humidity of underground air; and 1landling of air by small fan and ripe old ap\ and Ihal many mein! miners contract diseases such ns lead poisoning, miners" consimrp* iou, ete . and either die en rly in I iff or are k leaf emit a ted m middle ago, h< ihn- almost wholly to lhe I i -adt. and this easily installed, long-lived and tb<jrouglib effieiinit lulling has siii'cessfully iiiir! the most h s c ic i-omlit ions Imposed upon it. pipe units also locally affects mine air humidity, and may be utilized to govern humidity of under ground air to a certain extent. Gases found in mine air may come from surface air, from superior working eundilions in the breathing of men and other ani coal iriiiie liroiiehi nluiI chielb. by ventilation. In a deUdled study of a large nieiul mine in which much hotter than average veii'.ilutioii practice was in vogue and mals, from lights used, fruni firing uf explosives, hmni rmi(pressed air used wh h machines or ns Movers, irom operation of various kinds of machinery and from various rock or oilier strata encountered, as well as from work i i ms extended almost- from I he surl are to beh>w the iOOH- mine fires Hint are active or incipient, iViol level, data were obtained at l.)S working* places, o ! which Mj ih -f s consumption. Hie scourge of metal miners, is caused S?1 k |,or eei.t were Mow the ^Omi-foot level, and do per cent primarily by breaihiug ot very fine particles of reriaiu mim nd below l he C.j UO- % mi I evd, a nd uboul 77 per cent <>t the oliser- mists and especially fl siliceous dust; over a(> per cent of our vations won* at arinal workiii.LT far<-s. It wn> lonml llia-i 'iVi*r;hpe' wet la th* tempe-rnture of the I ><S places was Td.S i learoes F,, and a\-:Tai' relative- hinmdiU IU,d per .a'ld, 1 h<*rc was suflieioiit nir movement `o !>< <leb*eti"d I y orstinary ob,M-rva-i<*n in t-2 out of llie l.kS pln*es,, msd an addilloiud d!) phi-cxs Isel eiunj^ii mi AX-jiient to hi d> l*< t<-<l Ihroueh very sliplit ineSinatir>n of a i*aialle flame, leaving 87 out of 1 AH places for over 77 per eent) wdti nut the slightest detectable umveiiii rit of uir, in fa-ijoral. lie- |daces with the lagh wet bulb and high rela tive humidity and l:Hle or no air iie )v<atK;nt were "hose where men were doing the harvest ami most important work, that is, at the vorlsifip face, drilling, mucking, or shoveling, timber metal producing mines arc working in more or less .siliceous material and. through !<u;k uf wnllhtUou, giving lilts diingvioils dust maximum opportunely lo exercise its harmfulnessbcu-d poisoning aflliels workers by skin absorption oi .sohibkdii.sl of lead ores as veil as by breathing of such dusts. Dusts found in met at mine air arc largely derived from dry drilling, imm blasting, from shoveling or mucking, from t ramming or flumping ore. Umbering, etc. Probably wadi over 70 per cent of all nieta! mining has siliceous material in ore or containing walls, honee has siliceous dust which, as lar as pres ent-day lunmledge guv.-., is Uie u h ih I- dangerous of all dusi>, especially when taken into the Imigsinexlrernely finely divided form such as dry drilling, blasting and mucking throw into the air. ing, ete. Mdai mint' dust acting ihtough mhtm?* cim^nmpthn, lead The matter (if movement* or vdmhty, of air is by all means jkrhoiiintj. bronchitis, etc., i.s- the chief imtmmcntalifij in- perhaps 14 THE DU 1*0.NT MAGAZINE Joro dtuihs mutiwlhf anmntj oar H.3,WW nietuf whirrs than rani I ***! r"tftfcr.v iff i,ur ;'(j Oj )(X) coat miners thnnnjh explosions. The it, re.Htptftf jor (he <hwl tin mice in minis, ether than prvrentimj '* is the universal voursimj of < urrents of air to ^{< dust, us it h<ts hern proved that the ten/ fine. 'most lt,jero-u.i dit.sl in metal mines remains suspended in .<tit! air 'TMf<d hours. 4 'T<'Jf-ii1 vr!il ilaiioik of metal mines consist s in supplying iir ` such volume of circulating air at places where h u h ' . ns will enable (hr worker to exert himself ir i rain fori at physical rapacity without endangering his health, Mining. i{ appears that ventilation. sire prufertiun ami pre- 1!d.ioi>. health, sale I v and efiieienev are verv rloj*olv inter- hacked, ` ... V< r'V ln"H* f>id or mrhiB should haw meehamralty driven i`.. br`'h'rabK *d on the surface, fire]inh >f housed and ersiug air currents wiili minimum delay, There f>nHi be a ilcfinite system of air splits such that lire in one ^ 'li v TlJay not riceessari-.v fill the entire limit- with poisonous l .^h`r,v should hen system of doors near shafts in levels tii*M . *Joni Shitlls such that the sliiltI or any part, of mine l,J' }>v ^Tidily isolated in east' of fire. Metal mines should I ^llh` 'an ventilation from star! of opening hi order 1 o avoid ' ^ers from explosives fumes. !<.. mid provide fresh air to ;,r *ers- Each mine should he ventilated wholly within itself; 1>r'-ve!]iilaf inn of mines is likclv lo ho dangerous, hioftioienl |Slr UliHatistajetorv Workers in metal mines, including shift q!,w| - * hnos.-:cs, must he eshireU'd to respex [ ventilating -s>ieh as doors, reiruhiioi'.s, overcasts, bra It ices. fans. ^ a-s <'"id miners do, and in l.a.onse an familiar wiili these ) HH\s us<-oal miners are. v > in * aiV **< fords of naturally or ol fierwise inadequately united iiuju's tilling with < '<) nr other gas, moreoimim <k the Workers and compelling sui-pension of work for ^ Jsiflerahle periods of t:ine. 1 pon establishment of el Helen t ^'chanieul ventilation this situation was readily controlled. n: s<'?tScj|,"S oi' the year wj,en tlie temperature of surface air and ' 1lll,dergroiind rock and wafer are about equal, mines reiv'ng q, ll^i,r*d ventilation have ir 'iiik Is when air circulation is or ceases utterly or reverses in dinvlmn. At time of naturally ventihited mines are likely to he at a clisadvantage through main III v to eoutixi] direct ion of *,r The use of j'oorly plaeed e<mij>ress<-d air hose blowers at working laces frequently inleiiMlics air dustiness hv allowing a high-velocity compressed air stream to pass through dry, loose, finely divided ore or oilier material being drilled, .-.lunch'd, via., und forcing workers to breathe this air IdghU impregiisdeil with dimgeroiis line dust. Home metal mines with high duM prudm*! imt muler certain com!hums at working faces, have compand iveiy iow uusl eon tent of t he air of these piaees at other times, ami law aver.um dus-. content, of all places due to efficiency of ventilating currents esp^-ially at working plafxxs. Sigudieantly these mines appear to he singulurh free of nduers* inuisunqHiim or oilier diseases, yet. Hie employees vrk at U[>-speed nnd the niah rial ImnclkfI is highly siliceous, Wilh dry Hull) air temperatures ahoxe 7,3 ilegrees F,, com fort and luaxiiiiuru working i-liicieiiey can he ;ittu`iie<l only when Ih<i air is moving, this being especially true i: the air has high relalivt' huif>idit>. T'Jie exact, velocity iieressary is a variable d<>pemleTit upon the tempeiMture iiiiil humidity. rf;dura.1 esl ;dmospheres, up to m-urfy blood temporalure, may 1h > Km.endurahk- ;t'id vvoi to a. considerable cxU rit efiufortahk- by providing suHk-lenl vi-lmrr. Some expenruen: ;d woi'k has been done on lids le, I >i\ Ri\ers. I'hii'f Surgeon o,' I he- X , S, Bun an of Mines. a.nd the writer, ami detailed rt'pnrl is to be issued. Relative humidity, exe up to Urn saturation point, does not appear to be harmful i<> health, comfort or efKeietjex until .emuernhiros run above T.> rlegnHXS F.; and if sufficient movement is supplied, high relative humidity is not paidunlarlx harmful nidi] temperatures are well over SMI'. Frequently blind-end working bu rs in metal mines have ,ur <o dc-pk-itsl of oxy gen that a caudle will not burn and carbide lamps must be used, hence oxygen is below tf> per cent and (4(b runs several per cent; oee:isiunal1y entire mines arc found with this condition which many metal mine managers hold to be perfec tly ail right. There is absolutely no question that men working in atmospheres which will not .support, combus tion of n caudle ennno! deliver maximum ciliciency and their health must suffer ultimately. Mb ex with eo *l 'working okiet/s which allow iiieu lo xxork ;il top spivd, <ispis-i,,il!y xvhen contriR'liug, are likely In h<* i-xtrenudy dangerous to health of workers unless provision is made to remove explosive fumes arid line dusts from working places by wntilal mg cumuils. 15 Left--Exterior View of store building: 1121 Boardwalk, Atlantic City, where the Du Pont Products Exhibit is housed. Below -- An interior view which gives you only a hint of the many articles on display. Visit the Exhibit at Atlantic City N THE BOARDWALK, opposite the Steeplechase Pier, is located one of the most unique educational exhibits m America. It is maintained by the du Pont Company to show the public the useful character of its products and the wide range of their application in industry.Ol Ol course you won't find a complete collection of all articles which employ du Pont products in their manufacture; for five thousand square feet of floor space cannot possibly accommodate them all. But you will see hundreds of finished articles from scores f factories and shops, each one identified by a card showing the manufacturer\s name, and the kind of du Pont product used. This exhibit is one of the few of its kind in America and one of the most interesting because it shows what has been accomplished through modern chem ical engineering. There is no charge for admission. Excepting Sun days and the usual holidays, our representatives are on hand every day in the year to explain to visitors the merits of the products displayed, and to tell them where they can be procured. Sales of exhibit articles are never made except upon the voluntary request of visitors. We extend a cordial invitation for you to visit this exhibit. E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & COMPANY, Inc. WILMINGTON - DELAWARE Du PONT makes powder--not shells. Du Pont Powders are loaded in every brand of shell. The name "DU PONT" or "BALLISTITE" printed on the carton and top shot wad tells you that you are shooting the fastest, most accurate powder made. Specify ``3 drams DU PONT, 1 M ounces No. 7J4 chilled" when ordering trap loads. E.l.DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO. INC. Sporting Powder Division WILMINGTON. DELAWARE W often does the trap fool you with a quartering bird or a low one? It takes confidence to break the hard ones--confidence in gun, eye and load. No worry about the load when you see "DU PONT" on the carton and top shot wad. SHOOT DUPONT POWDERS