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Issued October, 1932. Circular No. 422.
Scientific Section (Kbutational bureau American |Daint attb 'Varnisf) filamifactuiers' Stesoriatiou INSPECTION RESULTS ON THREE SERIES OF QUICK-DRYING HOUSE PAINT TESTS
By H. A. Gardner and L. P. Hart
Apparently the type of exposure described by the writers, which involves the use of full size siding upon fence sur-
FIGURE 1 Quick-Drying; Paint Tests Exposed at Miami on Swinging Racks
Upper view shows rack swung away from sun to facilitate inspection 289
Copyright, 1031, by H. A. Gardner
0007-SWP-000005741
faces constructed at an angle of 45 degrees to the vertical, facing south, provides extremely rapid breakdown of paints. It is possible that tests of this character may give in one year results that may be comparable to two and a half or even three years of service upon the side of a dwelling under normal conditions of exposure. Such tests might, therefore, be referred to as accelerated exterior exposure tests. It is wise, whenever such tests are made, to. have them located in at least two different sections of the country, and many of the tests which are described below were so exposed.
Two series of quick-drying house paint tests were applied to a test fence in Florida during December, 1930, and Febru ary, 1931. The original report regarding these tests, to gether with subsequent reports of inspection, are covered in Scientific Section Circulars Nos. 374, 377 and 406. The tests have since been continued, and an inspection was made thereof under date of September 20, 1932. At that time sec tions of the siding were removed from each panel. The sections removed were approximately 12 inches in width and 36 inches in length. They were returned to the laboratory in Washington so that a careful inspection might be made of each panel. It is extremely difficult to make a satisfac tory inspection on tests in Florida, which face south, because of the sunlight conditions.
After the panels were received at the laboratory, a de tailed study was made of each, and a report on the condition as of September 20, 1932, is presented on the following pages, at the foot of each formula. On the opposite pages are pre sented photomicrographs made at a magnification of X10, which show in a very graphic manner the condition of each' paint. Most of the paints, upon examination through a microscope, showed defects which were recorded in the pho tomicrographs. It should be stated that many of the paints presented a satisfactory visual appearance, when viewed at a short distance from the fence. The reader should bear this in mind when judging the condition of each panel from the photomicrographs and not be too severe in his criticism of the paints.
For those who desire information other than the inspec tion results which are presented in this paper, it is suggested
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that a study of the previous circulars referred to may be of interest,' since they contain data regarding the condition of paints on storage, the original painting conditions, type of lumber used, repainting, workability of alkyd resin and tung oil compositions, possibilities of varnish paints, lacquer com positions, and others. It may, however, be stated that with one commercial variety of quick-drying paint made with glycerin phthalate, very interesting results were obtained. In the third series of tests described on page 346, two such compositions were applied, and in general their tint retention was superior to that indicated by some of the paints made with tung oil as the quick-drying ingredient. In an addi tional series of solid color tests made with glycerin phthalate liquids, described in Scientific Section Circular No. 420, gen erally satisfactory conditions have been observed to date, although these tests have not been exposed for any great period of time. Nevertheless, it would, appear that glycerin phthalate liquids may be widely employed in the future for the production of some types of exterior coatings for dwell ings, and for solid colors for use on railroads, gas stations, trucks, metal structures, and similar projects. There appears to be quite a variety of these liquids available on the Amer ican market. In the writer's opinion, some of them are plasti cized to too great an extent with fatty oils. While they set rapidly, some do not dry hard throughout for a considerable period of time, and in communities where there is a high amount of plant pollen in the atmosphere, mildewing might be observed. In fact, it was observed on a small dwelling which the writer had painted in Florida, right in the midst of an agricultural community. It is believed that much of the mildew observed in that instance was due to the fact that the material was applied by a painter accustomed to handling linseed oil paints. He found it somewhat difficult to apply the highly pigmented glycerin phthalate composition that was used. Consequently the coating was applied too heavy and the thick film formed did not show the desired rapid drying. Plant pollen accumulated, and mildew was observed in a few months.
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In conclusion, it is suggested that manufacturers should be cautious about recommending all forms of quick-drying house paints until they are fully satisfied that they have worked out certain difficulties which have existed in the past. Brush ing and storage properties must be given most careful con sideration. Moreover, small tests such as those which are described in this circular are not always reliable. Full size house paint tests, including repainting tests, should be made before definite conclusions are drawn regarding the value of a new product. One should always have in mind the neces sity of maintaining easy brushing properties in a house paint, as such paints are often employed at fairly low tem peratures in northern countries, and difficulty in application would immediately arouse objections to their use. Never theless, manufacturers should be constantly experimenting with the newer type products along the practical lines sug gested above, in order to be prepared for developments or requirements which may take place in the future.
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RESULTS OF INSPECTION OF FIRST SERIES OF TESTS
Cypress siding constructed without backing. Paints ap plied at 9 a. m. during December, 1930, directly upon fence at Gainesville, Fla. Excess moisture on fence first removed with a sponge. Two coats of paint applied in two days.
FORMULA 0
25-lbs. White Lead Paste 3 quarts Linseed Oil 1 gill Turpentine 1 " Drier
This should show: Pigment 72.8 Liquid 27.2
Pigment: 100 White Lead Liquid: 89 Raw Linseed Oil
6 Turpentine 5 Drier Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 492 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 757 " " " " Comments: Uniformly and easily applied. Finishing coat fiats in spots over entire area. Inspection September, 1932: Heavy chalking. Some surface checking of the white lead type. Film rather thin and eroded in spots.
FORMULA 00
Pigment 60.0 Liquid 40.0 Pigment: 50 Basic Carbonate White Lead 50 Zinc Oxide Liquid: 86.0 Linseed Oil 14.0 Turpentine and Drier Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 525 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 750 " " " " Comments. Uniformly and easily applied. Finishing coat flats in spots over entire area. Inspection September, 1932: Medium chalking. Considerable checking. Slight flaking.
Note: 0 and 00 are control tests of normal drying paints.
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FORMULA 1
Pigment 62
Liquid 38 v.
Pigment: 40 Titanox
30 Zinc Oxide
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30 Basic Carbonate White Lead
Liquid: 50 Raw Linseed Oil
25 "Bodied Tung-Linseed Oil 19 Turpentine
6 Drier
Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 422 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 570 " " " "
Comments. Slight pull under brush but applied uniformly. Finishing coat presents dense, uniformly
glossy surface.
Inspection September, 1932: Medium chalking. Heavy check ing. Slight mildew spotting. Few cracks.
FORMULA 2
Pigment 51.4 Liquid 48.6
Pigment: 75.3 TiO, 24.7 Basic Carbonate White Lead
Liquid:
13.2 Linseed Oil 39.2 Bodied Tung-Linseed Oil
3.3 Drier
44.3 Thinner
Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 489 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 744 " " ** "
Comments. Uniformly and easily applied. Finishing coat
presents dense, glossy and very white appear ance. This and No. 22 are the whitest on the fence.
Inspection September, 1932: Very heavy chalking. Otherwisesound. Extremely white.
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FORMULA 3 Pigment 65 Liquid 35 Pigment: 40 Titanox 30 Zinc Oxide 30 Basic Carbonate White Lead Liquid: 10 Refined Linseed Oil 10 Bodied Tung-Linseed Oil 45' Bakelite XV-954 Varnish 30 Turpentine 5 Drier Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 475 sq. ft. per gal. . 2nd coat, 600 " " " " Comments. Pulls heavily under brush. Difficult to apply uniformly. Finishing coat presents dense, high gloss film of cream tint. Inspection September, 1932: Heavy chalking. Good white ness. Bad flaking over summer wood.
FORMULA 4 Pigment 64.6 Liquid 35.4 Pigment: 45 Titanox 35 Basic Carbonate White Lead 20 Zinc Oxide Liquid: 84.0 Oils 16.0 Thinner and Drier Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 462 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 762 " " " " Comments. Uniformly and easily applied. Finishing coat presents very white, dense surface of medium gloss. Slight flatting in spots. Inspection September, 1932: Medium chalking. Very bad checking. Good whiteness.
299
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0007-SWP-000005752
FORMULA 5 Pigment 65.2 Liquid 34.8 Pigment: 35 Titanox 35 Basic Carbonate White Lead 30 Zinc Oxide Liquid: ' Similar to No. 4 Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 498 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 720 " " " " Comments. Uniformly and easily applied. Finishing coat presents white, dense surface of "sleepy" gloss. Inspection September, 1932: Considerable chalking. Surface checking. Good whiteness. Slight cracking.
FORMULA 6 Pigment 50 Liquid 50 Pigment: 50 TiO-
40 Zinc Sulphide 10 Zinc Oxide Liquid: Tung oil-diphenyl varnish of 20-gal. length, having 75% non-volatile. Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 460 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd. coat, 605 " " " " Comments. Some pull under brush. Difficult to apply uni formly. First coat developed a mottled gray tint over night, indicating possible reaction of traces of chlorine compounds upon the pigments. Finishing coat presents dense white surface with some flat spots. Inspection September, 1932: Heavy chalking. Bad washing. Thin film. Several mildew spots.
301
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0007-SWP-000005754
FORMULA 7 Pigment 50 Liquid 50 Pigment: 50 Antimony Oxide 40 Titanox 10 Zinc Oxide Liquid: -85 Commercial 17-X varnish. This is an
early form of a phthalic anhydride linseed oil fatty acid type resin in a solvent. 15 Mineral Spirits Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 440 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 600 " " " " Comments. Some pull under brush. Finishing coat rather streaky, with good gloss and fair hiding. Inspection September, 1932: Slight chalking. Very badly checked and scaled. Poor condition.
FORMULA 8 Pigment 50 Liquid 50 Pigment: 50 Titanium Oxide 40 Zinc Sulphide 10 Zinc Oxide Liquid: Tung oil varnish of 75-gal. length, made with BS-1. Contains 60% non-volatile. Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 415 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 582 " ................ Comments. Difficult to apply uniformly. Finishing coat dense and of good gloss. Inspection September, 1932: Heavy chalking. Surface check ing. White.
303 0007-SWP-000005755
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304 0007-SWP-000005756
FORMULA 9
Pigment 50 Liquid 50
Pigment: 50 Titanium Oxide 40 Zinc Sulphide 10 Zinc Oxide
Liquid: Commercial tung oil varnish of 50 gal. length, made with Bakelite XR-254 resin.
Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 416 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 603 " " " "
Comments. Heavy pull under brush and required consider able working. Finishing coat develops marked cream tint but is dense and of high gloss.
Inspection September, 1932: Heavy chalking. Distinct yellow tint. Rather thin film.
FORMULA 10*
Approximate Composition by Analysis Pigment 50 Liquid 50
Pigment: 60 Titanox 25 Zinc Oxide 15 Asbestine
Liquid: 51 Synthetic Resin (glycerol-phthalic fatty acid type)
49 Solvent Naptha, Turpentine and Drier Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 509 sq. ft. per gal.
2nd coat, 660 " " " " Comments. Some pull under brush but can be applied uni
formly. Finishing coat is uniform, quite white, but of rather poor hiding. Inspection September, 1932: Considerable chalking. A few slight surface cracks. White.
* Commercial sample.
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FORMULA 11
Pigment 51.5 Liquid 48.5
Pigment: 75 Basic Carbonate White Lead 25 Zinc Oxide
Liquid:
41.0 Linseed Fatty Acid Glycerol Phthalate Resin (an early form)
56.6 Heavy Mineral Naphtha 2.4 Wood Turpentine Drier: Cobalt linoleate.*
Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 430 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 468 " " " "
Comments.
It was necessary to add 8 fluid ounces of solvent naphtha per gallon of paint in order to brush. Pulled under brush and very difficult to apply uniformly. Finishing coat of cream tint.
Very poor hiding and streaky.
Inspection September, 1932: Medium chalking. Badly scaled and flaked. Poor condition.
FORMULA 12
Pigment 39 Liquid 61 Pigment: 82.5 Titanox 10.3 TiO. 7.2 Zinc Oxide Liquid: 41.0 Linseed Fatty Acid Glycerol Phthalate
(an early form) 56.6 Heavy Mineral Naphtha
2.4 Wood Turpentine Drier: Cobalt linoleate.* Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 463 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 490 " " " " Comments. It was necessary to add 4 fluid ounces of solvent naphtha per gallon of paint in order to brush. Pulled under brush and very difficult to apply uniformly. Finishing coat white. Poor hid ing, fair gloss, somewhat streaky. Inspection September, 1932: Slight chalking. Few mildew spots. Very thin film. Weathered badly. Poor condition.
* Used 0.015 cobalt based on resin in Formulas 11, 12, 13 and 14.
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FORMULA 13
Pigment 28,4 Liquid 71.6
Pigment: 83.3 TiO, 16.7 Zinc Oxide
Liquid:
41.0 Linseed Fatty Acid Glycerol Phthalate (an early form)
56.6 Heavy Mineral Naphtha
2.4 Wood Turpentine
Drier: Cobalt linoleate.*
Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 467 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 470 " " " "
Comments. It was necessary to add 4 fluid ounces of solvent naphtha per gallon of paint in order to brush. Pulled under brush. Very difficult to apply
uniformly. Finishing coat fairly white and
dense. Good gloss.
Inspection September, 1932: Medium chalking. Badly weath
ered over entire area. Some flaking. Poor condition.
FORMULA 14
Pigment 48 Liquid 52 Pigment: 85.7 Lithopone 14.3 Zinc Oxide Liquid: 41.0 Linseed Fatty Acid Glycerol Phthalate
(an early form) 56.6 Heavy Mineral Naphtha
2.4 Wood Turpentine Drier: Cobalt linoleate. * Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 416 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 460 " " " " Comments. It was necessary to add 8 fluid ounces of solvent naphtha per gallon of paint in order to brush. Pulled under brush. Very difficult to apply uniformly. Finishing coat shows fair hiding. Good gloss but not uniform. Inspection September, 1932: Film almost entirely washed and scaled away, leaving bare wood. Poor condition.
* Used 0.015 cobalt based on resin in Formulas 11, 12, 13 and 14.
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FORMULA 16 (Lacquer Type)
11.3 Vi second Nitrocellulose 32.1 Toluol 22.0 Butyl Acetate
8.2 Alcohol 3.7 Ethyl Acetate 8.0 Rapeseed Oil 11.0 TiOi 1.7 Zinc Oxide 2.0 Tricresyl Phosphate
100.0 Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 357 sq. ft. per gal.
2nd coat, 305 " ** " " 3rd coat, 350 " " " " Comments. Difficult to apply and not uniform. Second coat streaky and dull. Third coat fair gloss, good hiding, but light cream tint. Inspection September, 1932: Entirely failed.* Very little coating left.
FORMULA 17 (Lacquer Type)
8.7 Vi second Nitrocellulose 32.9 Toluol 14.5 Butyl Acetate
8.4 Alcohol 3.8 Ethyl Acetate 11.0 Rezyl 19 5.5 Rezyl Balsam (33) 11.4 TiO* 1.8 Zinc Oxide 2.0 Tricresyl Phosphate
100.0 Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 346 sq. ft. per gal.
2nd coat, 294 " " " " 3rd coat, 288 " " " " Comments. Difficult to apply and not uniform. Second coat streaky and dull. Third coat white, good hiding, good gloss. Inspection September, 1932: Entirely failed.* About half oi coating left.
Photomicrographs not necessary. .
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FORMULA 18 (Lacquer Type)
10.8 i/ second Nitrocellulose 29.7 Toluol 25.2 Butyl Acetate 8.4 Alcohol 3.8 Ethyl Acetate 7.2 Paraplex Resin G-20 11.2 TiCL 1.8 Zinc Oxide 2.0 Tricresyl Phosphate
100.0
Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 420 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 337 " " " " 3rd coat, 295 " " " "
Comments. Difficult to apply and not uniform. Second coat streaky. Third coat white, fairly good gloss. Good hiding.
Inspection September, 1932: Entirely failed.*
FORMULA 19 (Lacquer Type)
9.1 V& second Nitrocellulose 18.1 Toluol 15.3 Butyl Acetate 8.5 Alcohol 3.8 Ethyl Acetate 27.1 Gardlite Resin 3.1 Diphenyl Phthalate 11.3 TiO.,
1.8 Zinc Oxide 2.0 Tricresyl Phosphate
100.1 Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 456 sq. ft. per gal.
2nd coat, 304 " " " " 3rd coat, 356 " " " " Comments. Difficult to apply and not uniform. Second coat streaky but good gloss. Third coat white, very high gloss, and good hiding. Inspection September, 1932: Badly eroded but wood still cov ered. Cracked and mottled. Failed.*
* Photomicrographs not necessary.
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0007-SWP-000005764
FORMULA 20
Pigment 40 Liquid 60
Pigment: 50 TiO.. 40 Zinc Sulphide
. ID Zinc Oxide
Liquid: 64 Bodied Tung-Linseed Oil S. P. 15 Raw Linseed Oil 16 Turpentine 5 Drier
Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 492 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 562 " " 44 "
Comments. Uniformly and easily applied. Finishing coat white, uniform gloss and appearance.
Inspection September, 1932: Failed completely.*
FORMULA 21
Pigment 60 Liquid 40 Pigment: 50 Titanox 10 TiO, 40 Basic Carbonate White Lead Liquid: 30 Refined Linseed Oil 66 Tung Oil spar varnish of 20-gal. length
made with K-12-A resin. Varnish contains 63% non-volatile. 4 Drier Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 406 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 650 " 44 44 44 Comments. Some pull under brush. Finishing coat fairly white, high gloss, dense and uniform. Inspection September, 1932: Heavy chalking. Generally sound condition. Very white.
* Photomicrographs not necessary.
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FORMULA 22
Pigment 63 Liquid 37 Pigment: 40 White Lead 40 Antimony Oxide 20 TiOa Liquid: 50 Raw Linseed Oil 30 Lead Tungate L. 15, Turpentine 5 Drier Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 530 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 635 " " " " Comments. Pasty condition but brushes out very satisfac torily. Finishing coat white, fair gloss, dense and uniform. Inspection September, 1932: Heavy chalking. Mottled yellow spots over entire area. Slight surface checks. Otherwise sound.
FORMULA 23
Pigment 60 Liquid 40 Pigment: 50 Titanox 40 Basic Carbonate White Lead 10 TiO. Liquid: 57 Rezyl #1102 in xylol (non-volatile 50%) 12 Rezyl Paste Plasticizer #114 . 28 Toluol 3 Drier Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 238 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 308 ..................... Comments. Almost impossible to apply with brush, as it sets almost instantly. Finishing coat very dull and dense white. Inspection September, 1932: Medium chalking. Long fissures and bad scaling. Very white. Film brittle. Poor condition.
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FORMULA 24
Pigment 62 Liquid 38
Pigment: 40 Titanox 40 Zinc Oxide 20 White Lead
Liquid: 42 Linseed Oil 21 Bodied China Wood and Linseed Oil 21 Bakelite Varnish XR-254 of 25-gal.
. ,, length 5 Drier 6 Wood Turpentine 5 Solvent Naphtha
Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 468 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 620 " " " "
Comments. Some pull under brush. Finishing coat white, dense, of fair gloss and uniform in appearance.
Inspection September, 1932: Considerable chalking. Some checking and flaking. Clean film. Very white.
FORMULA 25
Pigment 62 Liquid 38 Pigment: 40 Titanox 40 Zinc Oxide 20 White Lead Liquid: 37 Boiled Linseed Oil 47 Bakelite Varnish XR-254 of 25-gal.
length 5 Drier 5 Solvent Naphtha 3 Wood Turpentine 3 Cellosolve Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 490 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 795 " " " " Comments. Some pull under brush. Finishing coat slight cream, dense, rather dull, but of uniform appearance. Inspection September, 1932: Considerable chalking. Surface checks and scaling. White. Poor condition.
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FORMULA 26
Green made from 1 lb. Chrome Green Paste in Raw Linseed Oil and 1 pint of 4-hour Tung Oil Spar Varnish.
Applied in 2-coat work over 1 coat of Aluminum Spar Var nish Primer.*
Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 750 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 940 " " " "
Comments. Easily applied. Uniform gloss and good hiding. Inspection September, 1932: Very badly faded in streaks over
grain of wood. Apparently, peppered with mildew. Very slight checks. Otherwise sound.
FORMULA 33
Commercial Quick Drying Green Trim
Pigment 35 Liquid 65
Pigment: 37.0 Chrome Green 63.0 Mag. Silicate
Liquid: 52.5 Synthetic Phthalate Resin Base 47.5 Thinner and Drier
Applied in 2-coat work over 1 coat Aluminum Spar Varnish Primer.
Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 615 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 1000 " " 44 "
Comments. Easily applied. Uniform gloss and good hiding.
Inspection September, 1932: Better color retention than No. 26. Some fading of uniform character. Other wise sound.
* 2 lbs. Aluminum Powder, 1 gal. Varnish, and 2 pints Turpentine. 319
0007-SWP-000005771
320 0007-SWP-000005772
FORMULA 27 Paint No. 4 applied in 2-coat work over 1 coat Aluminum Spar Varnish Primer. Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 615 sq. ft. per gal.
2nd coat, 820 " " " " Comments. Uniformly and easily applied. Finishing coat
very white, dense, and of good gloss. Inspection September, 1932: Heavy chalking. Marked check
ing. White. Mildew spotted.
FORMULA 28 Paint No. 4 applied in 2-coat work over 1 coat clear 4-hour Spar Varnish Primer. Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 710 sq. ft. per gal.
2nd coat, 925 " " " " Comments. Uniformly and easily applied. Finishing coat
very white, dense, and of good gloss. Inspection September, 1932: Medium chalking. Marked check
ing. Some cracking.
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FORMULA 29 Paint No. 20 applied in 2-coat work over 1 coat Aluminum Spar Varnish Primer. Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 497 sq. ft. per gal.
2nd coat, 850 " " " " Comments. Uniformly and easily applied. Finishing coat
very white, dense, and of good gloss. Inspection September, 1932: Medium chalking. Fine order of
checking. Covered with tiny mildew spots.
FORMULA 30 Paint No. 20 applied in 2-coat work over 1 coat clear 4-hour Spar Varnish Primer. Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 555 sq. ft. per gal.
2nd coat, 900 ...................... Comments. Uniformly and easily applied. Finishing coat
very white, dense, and of good gloss. Inspection September, 1932: Completely failed.*
* Photomicrographs not necessary.
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FORMULA 31 Paint No. 1 applied in 2-coat work over 1 coat Aluminum Spar Varnish'Primer. Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 452 sq. ft. per gal.
2nd coat, 672 " " " " Comments. Very slight pull under brush. Finishing coat
presents dense, uniform gloss surface. Inspection September, 1932: Medium chalking. Considerable
checking. Mildew spotted. White.
FORMULA 32 Paint No. 1 applied in 2-coat work over 1 coat clear 4-hour Spar Varnish Primer. Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 475 sq. ft. per gal.
2nd coat, 685 " " " " Comments. Works well. Finishing coat presents dense, uni
form gloss surface. Inspection September, 1932: Medium chalking. Considerable
checking. Mildew spotted. White.
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SECOND SERIES OF TESTS
Western red cedar siding panels constructed at Washington laboratory. Two coats of paint applied indoors at laboratory. Each coat dried on roof. White paints only. Panels shipped to Florida and exposed at Gainesville on February 7, 1931.
FORMULA 34
Pigment 64 Liquid 36
Pigment: 60 `Leaded Zinc Oxide (35% leaded) 40 Zinc Sulphide
Liquid:
50 Raw Linseed Oil 25 Bodied Tung-Linseed Mixture
19 Turpentine 6 Drier
Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 434 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 682 .....................
Inspection September, 1932: Heavy. chalking. Interlacing surface checking. Slight mildew. White.
FORMULA 35
Pigment 64 Liquid 36
Pigment: 20 Leaded Zinc Oxide 40 Zinc Sulphide 20 Silica 20 Asbestine
Liquid: 50 Raw Linseed Oil 25 Bodied Tung-Linseed Mixture 19 Turpentine 6 Drier
Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 429 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 730 .....................
Inspection September, 1932: Slight chalking. Very badly checked. Surface cracks. Peppered with mildew.
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FORMULA 36 Pigment 64 Liquid 36
Pigment: 35 Leaded Zinc Oxide 45 High Strength Lithopone 10 Silica 10 Asbestine
Liquid: 50 Raw Linseed Oil 25 Bodied Tung-Linseed Mixture
" 19 Turpentine 6 Drier
Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 506 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 610 " " 44 44
Inspection September, 1932: Medium chalking. Some mildew. Longitudinal cracks. White.
FORMULA 37 Pigment 64 Liquid 36
Pigment: 45.0 Leaded Zinc Oxide 40.0 Lithopone 7.5 Asbestine 7.5 Silica
Liquid: 50.0 Raw Linseed Oil 25.0 Bodied Tung-Linseed Mixture 19.0 Turpentine 6.0 Drier
Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 510 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 767 " 44 44 44
Inspection September, 1932: Medium chalking. Slight surface cracks and checking. Some mildew. White.
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FORMULA 38 Pigment 67 Liquid 33
Pigment: 90 Super Sublimed White Lead 10 Titanium Oxide
Liquid: 61 Raw Linseed Oil 8 Bodied Linseed Oil 11 Bodied Tung-Linseed Mixture 15 Turpentine 5 Drier
Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 635 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 906 " " " "
Inspection September, 1932: Heavy chalking. Very smooth, sound film. Some-mildew.
FORMULA 39
Pigment 64 Liquid 36 Pigment: 40 Zinc Oxide 40 Zinc Sulphide 10 Silica 10 Barytes Liquid: 50 Raw Linseed Oil 25 Bodied Tung-Linseed Mixture 19 Turpentine 6 Drier Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 445 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 700 " " " " Inspection September, 1932: Slight chalking. Surface check ing. Some mildew.
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FORMULA 223-0
Pigment 62 Liquid 38 Pigment: 100 Calcium Titanox
Liquid: 50 Raw Linseed Oil 25 Bodied Tung-Linseed Mixture 19 Turpentine 6 Drier
Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 516 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 790 " " " "
Inspection September, 1932: Completely failed.*
FORMULA 223-S
Pigment 62
Liquid 38
Pigment: 100 Calcium Titanox (Treated)
Liquid: 50 Raw Linseed Oil
25 Bodied Tung-Linseed Mixture
19 Turpentine
6 Drier
Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 566 sq. ft. per gal.
2nd coat, 815 "
""
Inspection September, 1932: Completely failed.*
* Photomicrographs not necessary.
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FORMULA 229-0
Pigment 62 Liquid 38 Pigment: 100 Lithopone
Liquid: 50 Raw Linseed Oil 25 Bodied Tung-Linseed Mixture 19 Turpentine 6 Drier
Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 521 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 838 .................... .
Inspection September, 1932: Completely failed.*
FORMULA 229-S Pigment 62 Liquid 38
Pigment: 100 Lithopone (Treated) Liquid: 50 Raw Linseed Oil
25 Bodied Tung-Linseed Mixture 19 Turpentine 6 Drier Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 602 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 815 " " 44 44 Inspection September, 1932: Completely failed.*
* Photomicrographs not necessary.
333
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0007-SWP-000005785
FORMULA 230 Pigment 62 Liquid 38
Pigment: 100 Lithopone Liquid: 60 Raw Linseed Oil
40 Lead Tungate Liquid* Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 571 sq. ft. per gal.
2nd coat, 800 " " ** " Inspection September, 1932: Completely failed.*
FORMULA 231 Pigment 62 Liquid 38
Pigment: 100 Calcium Titanox Liquid: 60 Raw Linseed Oil
40 Lead Tungate Liquid* Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 559 sq. ft. per gal.
2nd coat, 614 " ................ Inspection September, 1932: Completely failed.*
* Photomicrographs not necessary.
334
0007-SWP-00000578G
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FORMULA 232
Pigment 70 Liquid 30 Pigment: 100 Super Sublimed White Lead Liquid: 60 Raw Linseed Oil 40 Lead Tungate Liquid41 Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 715 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 773 " " " " Inspection September, 1932: Badly chalked. Eroded.
FORMULA 233
Pigment 65 Liquid 35
Pigment: 90 Low Oil Absorption Zinc Oxide #50 10 Titanium Oxide
Liquid:
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7 Bodied Linseed Oil 10 Bodied Tung-Linseed Mixture 23 Turpentine
4 Drier
Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 525 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 584 " " " "
Inspection September, 1932: Slight chalking. Long Assures. Hard film. Some mildew.
237 0007-SWP-000005788
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0 0 0 7-SWP -000005789
FORMULA 234
Pigment 64 Liquid 36
Pigment: 40 Basic Carbonate White Lead 40 Super Sublimed White Lead 20 Zinc Oxide
Liquid: 50 Raw Linseed Oil 25 Bodied Tung-Linseed Mixture 19 Turpentine 6 Drier
Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 489 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 561 " ................
Inspection September, 1932: Considerable chalking. Surface checking over entire area. Peppered with mildew.
FORMULA 235
Pigment 70 Liquid 30
Pigment: 93 Titanox 7 Solid Lead Tungate
Liquid: 50 Raw Linseed Oil 35 Bodied Tung-Linseed Mixture 19 Turpentine 6 Drier
Spreading Rate. 1st coat, 576 sq. ft. per gal. 2nd coat, 743 " " " "
Inspection September, 1932: Heavy chalking. Slight mildew. Considerable washing, exposing wood in spots. Otherwise superior as compared to other straight Titanox formulas. White.
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339 ( 0007-swp-000005790
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FORMULA 236 Pigment 40 Liquid 60
Pigment: 40 Antimony Oxide 60 Titanium Oxide
Liquid: 100 Four Hour Varnish Inspection September, 1932: Extremely heavy chalking almost
to aluminum primer. Otherwise smooth arid sound.
FORMULA 237 Pigment 40 Liquid 60
Pigment: 40 Antimony Oxide 60 High Strength Lithopone
Liquid: 100 Four Hour Varnish Inspection September, 1932: Chalked off largely, disclosing
the aluminum primer.
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341 0007-SWP-000005792
342 0007-SWP-000005793
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FORMULA 238 Pigment 40 Liquid 60
Pigment: 40 Antimony Oxide 30 Titanox 30 High Strength Lithopone
Liquid: 100 Four Hour Varnish Inspection September, 1932: Chalked off largely, disclosing
aluminum primer.
FORMULA 239 Pigment 40 Liquid 60
Pigment: 40 Zinc Oxide Special #50 60 Titanium Oxide
Liquid: 100 Four Hour Varnish Inspection September, 1932: Chalked off largely, disclosing
aluminum primer.
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343 0007-SWP-000005794
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THIRD SERIES OF TESTS
White and Very Pale Tints of Quick Drying House Paints
As a result of a study of Circular No. 406, an additional series of tests on quick drying house paints, with a few se lected formulas, were exposed at Washington during Decem ber, 1931, on a fence 24 feet long constructed of 10 inch Western red cedar siding, 8 inches to the weather. The fence faces south, at an angle of 45* to the vertical. Similar tests wese exposed at Miami and at Gainesville, Florida. Two coats of the paints were applied, allowing overnight dry ing between coats. No reduction was made for first or second coat work, the paints being applied as formulated.
These tests included several of the whites which were originally exposed in Florida and outlined in Circular No. 406, as well as extremely pale tints of gray, green, and cream on the same formulae. The object of these tests was to deter mine not only the durability of whites but to ascertain whether paints pf this character could be tinted to an extremely pale color and still show a fair degree of serviceability and satis factory tint retention. It is realized, for instance, that linseed oil house paints, when tinted to extremely pale colors, usually show rapid fading. It was our theory that quick drying house paints, because of the more resinous or bodied character of the vehicle employed, might show somewhat greater tint retention than raw linseed oil paints. It is probable that this theory might hold true under certain conditions, but in general it was found difficult in this series to develop bodied oil paints which were satisfactorily resistant to fading under the ex tremely severe conditions of exposure. For results with resinous liquids which were more favorable, see pages 349350. Nevertheless, the results of the tests at Washington and in Florida may be of some general interest to paint tech nologists, and they are presented with the results of an in spection made in September, 1932, after exposure for a period of about ten months.
The best appearance in whites was in the following order: Nos. 2, 316 and 10; in cream, Nos. 2, 1103 and 317; in green, Nos. 10, 100 and 1103; in gray, Nos. 1103 and 100.
In conclusion, it would appear that whenever linseed oil paints or quick drying house paints are applied to dwellings, it is advisable to use strong tints instead of extremely pale tints.
344
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Very Long Oil Varnish Paints An interesting series of tung oil varnish type, quick drying house paint tests were exposed in Washington in May, 1932. These paints are referred to as Nos. 1276, 1277 and 1278. They were exposed only in Washington. Aside from chalking, the films are in very good condition after six months' expo sure, and the color retention is considered very satisfactory. These paints were all made with a varnish liquid of from 130 to 214 gallons in length. It is probable that paints of this \ character may be more serviceable and more practical under many conditions than quick drying house paints containing only bodied tung oil as the active quick drying ingredient of the liquid portion. The presence of a small amount of a highly durable resin in conjunction with the tung: oil does appear to act in a favorable manner in maintaining light tints. An examination of the cans after a storage period of five months indicated that there were no skins on cans which pre viously had not been opened and which were full. Examina tion of the cans which had been used for the paint tests and which were only partially filled usually showed thin elastic skins on the surface. The paints below showed soft settling but were easily broken up. An outline of these tests is given in the chart on page 349.
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348
0007-SWP-000005799
V A R N IS H TY P E Q U IC K-D R YIN G HO USE PAIN TS (C O M M ER C IAL) Exposed on R oof o f W ashington Laboratory, M ay, 1932 Inspected O ctober, 1932
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