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WHERE DO THEY GO FROM HERE ? On thousands ofJatsfilke this are parked the tiprs^hidh carry their owners to work. Some of them will not be there tomorrow or the' succeed ing davt. , ui. , I ff u f Before tue next business ciav begins some of these cars will be twisted steel and shattered gcss. Their riders wi:r be included in the catas- ; trophic total of traffic deaths. Others will have the -'arrowing experience of killing or maiming a pedestrian--oerhaps a child. r'" : No one can tell whose car will be involved. Bui the 'aw of averages works inexorably, h An employer has no financial liability for acci dents Irvo'ving employees off duty. But he suf fers a real !oss when a valued employee is token from the rdnksibf prSduCfiveLwprknrs,: i: ; . ;:b: The goal for the nation is a 35 r r cent reduc tion in motor-vehicle deaths by the end of i 940. jndH|frg: cdhhpfeyhas iCfiditable. a .part in this achievement as it already has in reducing qccu- pationc! Occidents. iff : iff See Page 14 Worker* on . aii; flopr ...by,:a-: J.raveiirii oraiiie or. those:';'';:who3.eduHesi iihyM ':/'si*e' of a *wingin:glfcpbm,: '.WtiC'- C.E* factor of' ..the'.,.'.WiiUort' 'iCoyier^l^ paremtcups. Wtsibility tEru tKe si^^ w the cup* 6if Style, 002*..;permit#;;t hei,jvear'ef to perceive movingo^ tb'^Eiv,? miring the danger. of.. Ee*ngi\:atrupfc,I-T'he;;Ayell. ventilated anatomical aliaped. cup* are deep ^ndTopm^yehou^ ariyutype of s'p%ct.acier'i^ thfu' 50 mm. flat Super-Tough...lenses combined Milh,, tE.e.j|ph^ ';JM;d[Eap^ of '''Uh'hiU.hLj*^ "-Worker*' Wi'Thetie^ ^iMi^ohrgoo^'e 'JVj:*v imt. d <'.:.::V;i'SeM 'letter. ;u ?*: <1 .^a-i .'.it*' Iljithersi..itp.r iti.m.e . r. m-. P-P'>*' kr:: .. f'T ">eW Wi.H$o'h./ip^ :.?i.?'.'ivi j. ^v'^Ustrate.s..'4.0A; 'r-sist '-IpirfheM.. Sene *>: -.>. .' ^sy /. ;;'tCL;Wii.i.S.On. . : P': ' '^'t... .;.v.v,Eiadihq.;' Pa./':;. :., ',..';. ..... TV)* X.iTTON'AIi SAF.KTV Xfc'VV.S i.< n:ii,)i.s.('.*'i rtMUUUi 'W.v.'^ V<rtn.V-r ".. >'fit*ri*u i- -.;;cr.!.,v-f*-1 XimV if ARCH. 1936 >:i:<Mx:..aU;::.-Vvij,. . ,:U:<::::::S^riL AV,ufee.f ii'rjiP -I'tiUirai'1 I'll. T<**iri.y .'STi.?jv::rijJti'ju>/i Tv,: .itij,l.?.i.y iviiv.e Apr..'St.'.'.'.y'tM('V Vjj.T'c. ';$:YHit.i'<*?iSi.. Yir>- .* 0 Now that Safety Glass All-Around is provided as stand ard equipment by almost every passenger car manufacturer, its importance in common carriers is doubly emphasized. Every effort to extend its use in taxicabs, busses and airplanes is surely in the interest of greater public pro tection. LibbeyOweng'Ford Glass Company, Toledo, Ohio. Ll B B JEXx- O W E 1M S^) Fo R D S J. + , ( :// PLATE W-Ul'id id.- AROU NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS A WHOLE jfM^T This H THE IDEAL DRESS SAFETY SHOE Ganuins Australian Kangaroo uppers mean a lighter-weight shoe. * \7% stronger by weight than any other leather, e Hex- ible and comfortable, e Holds its polish and good looks longer. Does not scuff/ chip or peel. THIS Genuine Australian Kan bodies the last word in safety features garoo Dress Safety Shoe is an -- plus a new degree ofcomfort from example ofthe way in which Hy-Tesat special last that Hy-Test was first endeavors to offer Safety Directors to build into safety shoes. The com something better in quality, finer in plete line is offered for your inspec construction and more advanced in tion in an attractive newly revised specialized safety uses. There is a catalog, shown below. A copy will Hy-Test Safety Shoe for every in be sent to you at once on request. dustrial requirement. Every shoe em- Write for it now. 1 Let's Use Our Reads te Save Our Feet MARCH. 1936 DESIGNED AND MANUFACTURED EXCLUSIVELY BY INTERNATIONAL SHOE COMPANY, ST. LOUIS, MO. THE WORLD'S LARGEST SHOE MANUFACTURER 4 For Better Poster Displays--Use These Frames The effectiveness of safety posters depends large ly on their proper display and location. To assist members, a choice of 3 different sires of light-weight poster frames are made available. These 3 different sizes make it possible to have a poster frame that will "fit in" any place from the plant entrance, lunch room, employment office, or any department. Frames are grooved on the sides so that posters can be easily and quickly inserted. They are made of 26-gauge sheet steel, electrically welded, and are finished in a fine, black ebony baked enamel. Net weight of the larger frame is only 2 pounds. PRICES--F.O.B. CHICAGO AS SHOWN ABOVE FOR POSTERS PRICE No. I . . . .One 17x23 inch and two 9x12 inch ....... .$3.00 each No. 2 ........ .17x23 inch................ $2.00 " No. 3.......... . . 9x12 inch................ $1.00 . " Order from the NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, INC. NATIONAL SAFETY NEVIS 5 WILLIAMSPORT WIRE ROPE CO. Williamsport, Pa. 122 So. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ills. Other Offices in All Principal Cities MARCH, 1936 National Safety News Published monthly in the interest of accident prevention and industrial health Volume 33 .. MARCH, 1936. Number 3 Contents Tragic Facts ......................................................... ....................................11 Safe till Tomorrow?--George E. Burns........................................... . 14 More Hours Worked But Fewer Injuries ........................................... 16 Safe from Shock--F. G. Schoenfeld....................................................IT Explosions Reveal Hazards of Soybean Processing-- David J. Price and Hylton R. Brown............................. .. 19 The Campaign Is, On!........... ................................... .............................22 Better Posture, Less Fatigue--F. W. Shumard......................... .. .23 How Radio Protects the Air Traveler--Jack Delmonte.................... 25 Ups and Downs ................................................................................. .. .27 Every Bus Run Was a Safety Drive................ ................................... 29 Unseen Dangers--C. E. Bleicher...........................................................33 Just "Average" Drivers ............................................. .......................... 35 Carbon Bisulphide--Ind. Data Sheet D-Chem. I................................38 Here Are the Winners in January Calendar Contest ......................... 80 DEPARTMENTS Editorial........... ............................... 9 The Managing Director's Page ... 10 The Safety Exchange ..................... 30 The Safety Library............. 32 Asked and Answered ....................59 The Bulletin Board..................... .40 Personals ....................................... .55 The Honor Roll.............................69 With the Manufacturers .............. 72 Coining Events ...............................74 CAKMAN T. FISH, Editor S. H. KERSHAW, Poster Editor Copyright 1936 by Natinoal Safety Council. Inc. Printed fn tl.8 A Entered a* second-claa* matter June 1, 1981, at the Post Office at Chicago. III., under the art of March 1879. Additional entry at St. Jo$eph. Mich. The price to member* for extra subscription* to the NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS is H.no peryear. Single copies. 40 cents. Reduced quantity price* for yearly sub- C F. SCHEER, Associate Editor C. H. MILLER, Advertising Manager scrtptions and single copies on request. Subscriptions are available nly to members of the National Safety Council. Member Audit Bureau of Circulation. This magazine is Indexed in the Industrial Arta Index. Statements and opinions idfxnced in signed articles art individual expression* of their authors, not those of the National Safety Council. National Safety Council, Inc. 20 North Waciter Drive, Chicago, U. S. A. New1 York Office, 9 East 41st Street Office of the Education Division. 1 Park Ave., New York City ROBERT W. CAMPBELL Honorary Members ARTHUR WILLIAMS ASSOCIATION OF IRON A STEEL ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS National Safety Council Officers, 1935-36 Cassius H. Watson, M, D.^Vresident 1). t). Ken Nell. Vice-President for Pub lic Kelutions Hart R. Fisher, M. D., Vice-President for Health John B. Gibson, Vice-President for Safety Councils Hov. Harold <i, Hoffman, Vice-President lor Public Safety Albert S* Hec.vla, Vice-President for Engineer frig A. V. Rohweuer, Vice-President tor In dustrial Safety R T. Solensten, Vice-President for Membership Albert W. Whitney, Vice-President for Education William E, Worth, Vice-President for Finance and Treasurer W. H, Cameron, Managing Director Executive Committee Members at Large The Above Officers and: Harold S. Buttenheim, The American Citu Robert I. Catun, Aetna Casuality and Surety Co. Harry Guilbert, The Pullman Co. C. F. Larson, Missouri Pacitlc Railroad Thomas H, MacDonald, U. S. Bureau of Public Roads E J. Mehren, Portland Cement Assn, I. W. Millard, Industrial Gloves Corp. George E. Sanford, General Electric Co, C. \V. Smith, Standard Oil Co., ilnd.t Safety Council Representatives Gen. John H. Sherburne, Massachusetts Safety Council Walter Dent Smith, Delaware Safety Council Donald A. Finkbeiner, Toledo, Safety Council Edwin A. Kayser, St, Louis Safety Council Roi.ert L. Schmitt, Louisville Safety Council R. B, Fortuin, Lehigh Valley Safety Council James M. Strike, St, Joseph, Mo., Safety Council 5ectional Representatives A. L. Armstrong, Chemical C. W. Dempesy, Food Capt. E. W, Fiske, Jr,, Marine IS, E. Grant, Paper and Pulp William C. Knoelk, Street and High way Traffic J, A. Purdy, Wood Products C. T, Winegar, Aut've & Machine Shop Past Presidents Robert \V\ Campbell Arthur T. Morey Lew R. Palmer David Van Schaak* Ralph C. Richabds' Charles P. Tolman Arthur H. Young Marcus A. Dow Lewis A. DeBlois Carl B. Auel Charles B. Scott Walter G. Kino Homer E. Nibsr* Lt.-Col. Henry A. Reninger C. Eugene Pettibone Carl W. Bergquist Jambs I. Ban ash John E. Long * 'Deceased Aerial View: Research Laboratories and Manufacturing Plant of Burroughs Wellcome & Co. (U.S.A.) Inc., New York, where the World-famed Burroughs Wellcome & Co. First-Aid Products are made. UNIVERSALLY USED The universal use of `Tabloid' First-Aid in the industrial and public utility fields is conclusive proof of its indispensable value and service. MARK 'TABLOID' TM> FIRST-AID This protective shield is an international safe guard for man power--plant personnel has peace of mind and a real sense of security wherever this equipment is instantly available. Illustrations depict typical outfits from our large and varied assortment. Write tor quotations on your First-Aid requirements Burroughs Wellcome &* Co. (U.S. A.) INC. 9 a ti East Forty-first Street NEW YORK CITY Associated Houses: London (Eng.) Montreal Sydney Cape Town Milan Bombay Shanghai Buenos Aires MARCH, 1936 For Industrial Plants No. 754 'Tabloid* First- Aid r'Poc-Kif"). 136 unit) Measurement*! x9 x 2*j in. Weights 8 tb*,, 10 For Motor Vehicles, Trucks, Salesmen's Cars, etc. 728 'Tabloid' First-Aid (MMota-Kit").Mea*urements: 5*4 x 3*4 x 2H in. Weight: I lb., 2 ozs. For Industrial Em ployees, Household Use, etc. No. 714 'Tabloid' FirstAid ("Pocket Kit"). Meas urement*! 4 x 2' i x in.Weight: 3 ox*. Said for New Booklet, "`Tabloid' FirstAid for Safety." Mamp Street address. City_________ State- 8 MANY TYPES OF GOGGLES Eacb'*industry has many different eye hazards. No one type of goggle matter how well constructed--is suitable for all classes of work. American Optical Company has developed a complete line of eye protection equipment to meet practically every known eye hazard. These goggles -- and the hazards they were designed to offset -- are described in a new Catalog that should be on your desk. This new catalog tells of the services American Optical Company offers you without charge or obligation) to help make your eye safety program effective. All company branch offices (nearly 200 of them) are listed for your convenience in getting in touch with the office nearest you. You will want this book. It is a handy, indexed reference to the most complete line of eye protection equipment. Mail the coupon today. merican AMERICAN OPTICAL COMPANY Soutbbridge, Mus. Gtntltmtn: Please send me a copy of your "Industrial Eye Protection Catalog." Mr.TV//e,, Addrtsi^. ptical Company Manufacturers, for more than 100 years, oi products to aid and preserve vision. Factories at Souchbridge, Mass. In Canada, Consolidated Optical Co., Ltd. Branch offices in all principal industrial centers 216* NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS MARCH, 1936 Published by National Safety Council, Inc. Guerilla Warfare OPPOSE the railroads or the steamship companies or ^ any other group of corporations killed 36,000 people and injured 864,000 in a single year. Suppose, also, that the chief cause of all this death and injury was plain human carelessness. Can you imagine the political passion which would be aroused against the guilty? Can you picture the denunciations and the oratory and the general fury?" Thus Collier's opens an editorial entitled "Fools on Wheels." This short paragraph points to the greatest obstacle in the prevention of highway accidents. Many will remember William Hard's castigation of in dustry nearly thirty years ago. Other crusaders of that period raised their voices against industry's by-product of death and mutilation. Likewise many remember the railroad disasters of pre safety days and the bitter criticism heaped upon railroad management, Not all of the censure was just but it did stimulate effort to prevent accidents. Better rolling stock and track, improved signal systems and stricter training and discipline brought about an enviable record. Perhaps safety saved transportation from financial disaster. It is not difficult to arouse popular indignation against the sins--real or imaginary--of large corporations. But their is neither glory nor political profit in attacking a million drivers and pedestrians who are citizens and voters. In fact, most of them would be classed as "good" citizens. Because of their size and organization corporations made fine targets. The war on the highways, however, is more like guerilla warfare. Heavy artillery is ineffective against a scattered enemy. In past wars, guerilla activities have been overcome by building block houses at strategic locations and patrolling the territory with small mobile units of troops. Tr ...;c accidents will be checked .n much the same way. TL. bulk of the effort for safety must come from within each community. Every industrial plant with a well organized safety pro gram is a center of influence in the community. Among the other forces for safety, we might include safety-minded police departments, strict and impartial courts, safety councils that enlist the active support of the community's leaders, schools that realize that education is incomplete without training in self preservation, churches that preach the spiritual value of preserving human life, and clubs that promote safety as a civic ideal. Youth vs. Age TSN'T there a place for the young man in safety work? After reading an article by Mr. N. M. Argabrite in the January National Safety News one of our readers felt discouraged. The specifications outlined in this article seemed to eliminate youth. "It seems that Mr. Argabrite desires a seasoned veteran," MARCH. 1936 our correspondent writes. " - a discarded superintendent or executive." That, it seemed to us, was just the thing Mr. Argabrite did not want. In the past too many companies have regarded the position of safety director as a pension job. ,They didn't expect much and they paid accordingly. A safety depart ment was regarded as a necessary evil--a gesture to pacify the state or the insurance carrier. No man whose chief qualification is that he has outlived his usefulness in other capacities could meet the demands of safety work. The substance of Mr. Argabrite's article, as we interpret it, was: "Get the best man available and pay him what he is worth." Age, after all, is something that cannot be measured in years alone. Some men seem to be endowed by nature with certain qualities; others develop them only after years of experience. Pitt became prime minister of England at 24; Gladstone was returned to power in his seventies. A man could become quite proficient in the technical side of safety work before 30 but that is the least difficult part. Human beings do not function according to definite formula. The reason why a mature man is often chosen to direct safety work is that he is more experienced in dealing with human nature. It usually takes years to develop sympathy, patience, tolerance and tact. Occasionally, however, we find a young man with these qualities in a marked degree, one who can command the respect of the older heads of the organization. Such a man deserves an opportunity. In This Issue STATISTICS are dry reading to most people. Figures in ^ themselves are not dramatic unless we stop to realize that each unit in the immense total represents a human life destroyed or marred temporarily or permanently. The brief summary of the accident experience of 1935 published in this issue abstracted from the preliminary edition of the pamphlet "Accident Facts. ' (Page 11). When the employees leave for home after the day's work will they return to work safe and sound next morning? That is a problem that is perplexing many an employer. Many companies are extending their safety programs to keep work ers from injury while off duty. (Page 14). Here is the story of a safety campaign which brought exceptional results largely because it had executive interest and support back of it. (Page 16). Workers are safe from shock when electrical equipment is installed, maintained and operated in accordance with approved practice. ( Page 17). Soybean processing is a comparatively new and an mine' industry. Recent explosions have shown the need mr . better understanding of the hazards involved, tl'.tce I ' Radio has made navigation safer and it is perform.iu i similar service in the development of aviation, i 1`tee Mechanical hazards, as a rule, are obvious. The i . to health from processes or materials is often inside e ' unsuspected. ( Page 33). 10 The Managing Director's Page Distribution and Safety highways is taking an impartial toll among oilr plant workers. Ves. and among our executives too. *. Here again enters the basic problem of distribution. Cer HE problem of the "distribution" of commodities is Tprobably the most vexatious and puzzling task in this and all countries. Many theories for its solution have tainly the remedies are known--and they have been tested by experience. It can't be just a matter of chance that Milwaukee, year after year, maintains an automobile death been advanced--especially during recent years. The answer rate less than half of the national average. TRere is no has not yet been found. Despite multitudinous remedies lucky star guiding the destiny of Evanston, Illinois, and suggested, the fact remains that millions of people are in making it one of the country's safest small cities. Rather destitute circumstances right in the midst of plenty. it is because Milwaukee and Evanston, and other munici A learned scientist, speaking over a national hookup re cently, announced that our use of important discoveries that palities I might mention, have found the answer to their distribution problem of engineering, educational and enforce should be of direct and lasting benefit to mankind has not ment activities. They have carried on a balanced program kept pace with invention. He pointed out that if we would of safety on an intensive, year-round basis. The same parallels only reach out and grasp the blessings which science has on individual, industrial and railroad organizations apply. made available it would soon be a much more comfortable All through history the most important tasks have been and happier world. performed by men who knew how to turn knowledge into Thus, the old story of acres of diamonds is re-enacted. Jewels all about us, shining right in our eyes--yet we do action. In self-defense industry should play a part in the National not see them. Safety Council's campaign to reduce highway accidents at The point is that there is something wrong with our system least 35 per cent by the end of 1940. The worthy objective of distribution of these gifts; which of course, points right is the saving of at least 38,000 lives during this period. Just back at a similar situation in our economic life. The deadly parallel might be carried a step farther. If how important industry's part will be depends on the use of the tools, the application of the knowledge at hand; the the National Safety Council should dose its doors tomorrow, proper distribution of the safety program so that it reaches the tools would still be available for reducing accidents-- out and appeals directly to the plant workers, many of whom and the remedies, tested through long and costly years of drive automobiles; all of whom are pedestrians part of the experience would endure long after the Council had been time. A most comprehensive program of practical, helpful forgotten. The fact that hundreds of industrial plants have cut their suggestions appears in this issue of the News. A workable idea doesn't work until it is put to work. accident rates almost to the irreducible minimum proves that Knowledge is only a means to an end; and if not applied in results can be obtained through proper application of the some constructive effort the time and money spent in obtain tools. On the other hand when we review the records of those plants which have not made real safety progress the ing it is wasted. Stimulation is but an idle mental gesture, unless it leads question naturally arises: Have they made the best use of the tools available? Have they applied all the remedies to positive action. applicable to a many-sided problem? Have they been judici- dous distributors? Never since the Council was organized has there been an accident problem that has so wrought up the public mind as that of our motor vehicle deaths and injuries. Industry too, is rightfully worried for the guerilla warfare on our INTERESTING ITEMS Our drive to Reduce Traffic Accidents 35 Per Cent by the End of 1940 is well under way. * * One of the first major projects is the preparation of the biggest newspaper publicity releases ever undertaken by the Council. Within a month we shall place in the hands of the managing editors of the country's leading daily papers, illustrations, news and edi torial copy and safe driving campaign material, sufficient for half a year's use. We believe this tremendous coverage will make publicity history. the bai k of each calendar sheet. Are you promoting this safety contest idea in your company? ** Some very interesting accident trends and accomplishments have been found within member companies who hold the Complete Industrial Membership classification. (For description of this type of membership see pages 15 to 22 in your "Service Guide"). Write us if you would like to review them. Do you regularly read ``The Safety Library" department? Has the change been an improvement? Comments are always welcome. Our mail receiving department has been swamped with Safety Calendar Contest entries. Announcement of the January contest winners will be found elsewhere in this issue. The popularity of this idea strongly suggests more contests on the backs of the 1937 Safety Calendar which is now in production. This contest is certainly directing attention to the valuable safety information on The preliminary edition of ACCIDENT FACTS for 1936 is ready for distribution. The article "Tragic Facts," in this issue, is an abstract of the booklet prepared by the Statistical Department of the Council. Members may obtain the 1936 booklet for 10 cents a copy, or may write for quotations on quantity lots. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS FACTS A Brief Preliminary Summary of the National Accident Experience in 1935 MOTOR VEHICLE FATALITIES 36,400 OCCUPATIONAL FATALITIES 16,500 MARCH, 1996 DD one million to the combined population A of all the New England States and you would have the total number of victims of accidents in the United States during 1935. Making up this staggering total of casualties were 99,000 deaths, 365,000 permanent disabilities and 9,100,000 tem porary disabling injuries. The cost of these accidental injuries to the nation was approximately $2,350,000,000 in wage loss and medical expense. To this sum may be added, in round numbers, $800,000,000 for property damage in motor vehicle accidents and $259,000,000 proper ty loss in fires, making a grand total of $3,400, 000,000. Compared with previous years, 1935 ranked third in the total number of accidental deaths. The 1935 total was exceeded by that of 1934, when the all time high of 101,139 deaths was reached, and of 1930 when the total was 99,300 deaths. The accidental death rate was 77.8 per 100,000 population in 1935. Six out of the ten years ending with 1935 had higher fatality rates than this. Table I shows accidental deaths and death rates since 1931. HOME FATALITIES 31.500 Main Classifications All accidental deaths decreased 2 per cent from 1934 to 1935. This was due largely to a return to normal from the excessive number of heat fatalities during 1934. In that year there were 3,250 such deaths; in 1935 there were probably between 600 and 700. Most of the 1934 heat fatalities were classified as home accidents. As a result, home deaths declined 9 per cent in 1935. Motor vehicle fatalities increased about 1 per cent, and occupational fatalities 3 per cent. No change occurred in public accidents not involving motor vehicles. See Table II. For 1935 information is not yet available on most of the detailed types of accidents causing death. Table III gives this information for 1934. Accidental deaths of children under 15 declined PUBLIC (NOT MOTOR VEHICLE) FATALITIES 17,500 12 TABLE I All Deaths per Accidental 100,000 Deaths 1431 ................. ............ 97,415 1932 .............. 1933 .................. ............ 91,087 1934 .................. ............101,139 1935 lest.) ....... ............ 99,000 Population 78.5 71.4 72.5 80.0 77.8 from 15,400 in 1934 to 14,300 in 1935, a drop of approximately 7 per cent. The decline in adult deaths was only about 1 per cent--from 85,600 to 84,700. The drop in child fatalities during 1935 places them 23 per cent below 1922, when there were 18,576 child deaths. During the same years accidental deaths of adults (over 15 years) increased 46 per cent--from 57,844 to approximately 84.700, MOTOR VEHICLE DEATHS UP-OTHERS DOWN RURAL ACCIDENTS BIGGEST SAFETY CHALLENGE Percentage chanqes in motor vehicle deaths sin/e 1924, IJOXr- This article has been adapted from the preliminary edition of the Council's an nual statistical summary, "Accident Facts." This preliminary edition has been prepared to meet the demand for prompt information on the outstanding points in the accident experience of the past year. The information on certain subjects is still incomplete and all 1935 figures are subject to revision on receipt of later information. Copies of the pre liminary edition in pamphlet form are available. The final edition of "Accident Facts" will be issued in May. m Motor Vehicle Accidents Motor vehicle accidents in 1935 caused approximately 36,400 deaths, 107,000 permanently disabling injuries, and 1,170,000 temporary disabilities. Motor deaths outnumbered homicides three to one and diphtheria deaths almost ten to one. The injuries in 1934 motor vehicle accidents represented a cost of approxi- TABLE II 1935 Total' ............ .... .--..99,000 Vlotor Vehicle ... ....... --36,400 Other Public .... ...........17,500 Home .................. .......... 31,500 Occupational ...... .......... 16,500 1934 101,139** 36,101** 17.500 34.500 16,000 Totals eliminate duplication of about 3,000 occupational motor vehicle deaths each year, *tT, S, Census Bureau ftprures^ all others are National Safety Council estimates. mately $800,000,000 in wage losses and medical expense. To this may be added approximately $800,000,000 for proper ty damage, making a grand total of ap proximately $1,600,000,000. The year 1935 registered an all-time high in motor vehicle accidents. Deaths were twice as high as in 1923 and nearly 50 per cent above 1927. Nevertheless, the 1935 national record is favorable in at least two respects. First, motor ve hicle fatalities increased only one per cent (just about as much as population increased) whereas motor vehicle regis tration increased 4 per cent and gasoline consumption 7 per cent. Second, the increase from 1934 to 1935 was less than that occurring in any previous year since the automobile became a factor in trans portation. with the single exception of 1932. ' Urban and Rural Experience. Twothirds of all motor vehicle deaths in 1935 occurred in small towns under 10,000 population and in rural areas; only onethird in cities of 10,000 population or over. City deaths are estimated at 11, 800, representing a decline of approxi mately 9 per cent from 1934. Fatalities in rural areas, on the contrary, increased 6 per cent from 1934, to a total of 24,600. Rural fatalities have increased TABLE III Accidental Per Cent Deaths in of * 1934 Total Total .................... ..... 101.139 Motor Vehicle ............ ..... 36,101 Falls .................................. 23,828 All Burns .................. .... 8,261 Drowning ................... .... 7,326 100.0 35.7 23.6 8.2 7.2 Railroad Accidents .... .... 3.789 Excessive Heat .......... .... 3,250 Firearms Accidents .... .... 3.023 Absorption of Poisonous Gas ...... .... 1,695 Others ....................... . ..... 13,866 3.7 3.2 .3.0 1.7 13.7 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS IS _.I.ML___________ , WINKINGTMFIGHT AGAINST ACCIDENTS Prcn+a^ reductions in Motor Vehicle Deaths 1934TM1935 ing accidents during the first eight months of 193S than during the corres ponding months of 1934, The annual totals for 1934 were 1,554 deaths and 4,300 injuries. If all twelve months of 1935 follow the same trend as indicated in the eight months' reports the approxi mate annual totals will be 1,600 deaths and 4,450 injuries. From 1928 to 1934 grade crossing deaths declined 40 per cent--from 2,568 to 1,554. Sectional Differences. Two sections of the country were able to rfcduce motor vehicle deaths in 1935, despite the na tional increase. These were: (1) The eastern area, including New England and the middle Atlantic states, where the de crease amounted to 3.5 per cent, and (2) "the western area, including the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coast states where a drop of 1.6 per cent was registered. The North Central states, on the other hand, experienced an increase of about TABLE IV Motor Vehicle Deaths 1931 .................. 33,675 1932 _29,451 1933 ................... 31,363 1934 ......... _36,101 1935 (est.) ......... 36,400 Popula- Gas Contion sumption Hate* Rate** 27.1 21.9 23.6 20.7 25.0 22.0 28.6 23.6 28.6 22.4 Deaths per 100,000 population, Deaths per 10,000,000 gallons gasoline* consumption. 44 per cent since 1924, whereas deaths in cities have advanced only 27 per cent. Pedestrians. Pedestrian deaths in mo tor vehicle accidents are estimated at 15,900 for 1935, as opposed to 20,500 other kinds of motor fatalities. Corres ponding figures for 1934: 16,200 pedes trians and 19,800 others. The propor tionate increase in pedestrian deaths since 1927 has been just half as great as in other kinds of motor vehicle fa talities. Pedestrian deaths advanced 27 per cent, from 12,490 to 15,900, whereas other deaths increased 54 per cent, from 13,300 to 20,500. Child Deaths. Only among children from 5 to 14 years were there fewer mo tor vehicle deaths in 1935 than in 1934. Xo change occurred in the 15 - 24 age group. Children under 5 advanced 9 per cent, persons from 25 to 64 increased 1 per cent, and those over 64, 7 per cent. Child motor vehicle deaths have increas ed much less than those of adults since 1922, when child safety education began on a national scale. Safest Cities. Cities with the lowest 1935 death rates per 100,000 population, MARCH, 1936 based on preliminary annual reports, were: TABLE V Rate Group I Milwaukee, Wis.......................10.8 Group II Providence, R. I. .................. 7.0 Group III Fall Rive/, Mass...................... 5.2 Group IV Evanston, 111............................ 2.9 Group V Central Falls, R. 1................. 0.0 Group VT Ponca City, Okla.* ............... 0.0 Other cities also have perfect records but their populations are smaller. Grade Crossings. Interstate Commerce Commission reports show 3 per cent more deaths and injuries in grade cross- one per cent and Southern states had a sharp rise of 5 per cent. In its five-year campaign for motor vehicle accident reduction the National Safety Council has set the goal of a 7 , per cent decrease each year. Out of 22 states which showed some reduction from 1934 to 1935, fourteen declined 7 per cent or more. License Laws. Sixteen states with standard drivers' license laws and ad ministrations were able to reduce mo tor vehicle deaths nearly two per cent (Please turn to page 64) 14 BURNS Safetu Engineer* Industrial Division, Sational Safety Council A safety program is incomplete unless its influfollows the worker when he leaves the plant ai accidents have been growing alarm ingly in number while accident exper ience within factory walls, on the rail roads and even in the more difficult field of commercial vehicle operation, has been steadily improving. One member of the National Safety HAT an employee does after Wworking hours is generally recog nized as his own business. His Council with a working force of several thousand persons made a study cover ing a period of eight successive years. employer has no authority to restTrahien ratio of "outside" to "inside" in him from using an unsafe substitute for juries increased from 2 to 1 in the first a stepladder in his own home or from year to 6 to 1 in the eighth. During the driving too fast for conditions in a car same period injuries to employees within with defective brakes. And too often, the plant were reduced SO per cent. The it must be admitted, the employer really company simply declared war on plant hasn't been interested. Of course, he accidents--said they must go. and they didn't want any employee of his to get did. The difficulty in this plant, and hurt, but if the employee was fool enough apparently in many other plants, was to take chances on his own time, what inability to control employees after they could the company do about it? left the company premises. Human beings, too, are resentful of Another large establishment reported anything that resembles interference that 21 motor vehicle fatalities involv with their private lives. The worker who ing employees occurred during a nine- is willing to recognize authority in the month period. During the same period plant often feels like asserting his in there were no fatal cases in the plant. dependence when he leaves. Only recently has industry begun to This will explain why non-occupation- realize the cost of these outside accidents to the company. While no compensa tion payment is involved, the cost of hiring and training new workers is a serious item of expense. Each worker represents a definite investment, and often his experience and skill may be difficult to replace. Not only is a man's efficiency impaired by injury to himself, but likewise it is often affected by injury to members of his family. A sincere and energetic safety program is productive of good will both in the organization and throughout the community. Indirectly, the prevention of accidents after working hours helps both employer and employee, since their combined experience is the basis for rates in fire, life, public liability and accident insurance. The home and the highway are two locations where about 70 per cent of all accidental deaths and injuries occur. How can industry protect its employees and contribute its part to the nation wide goal of a 35 per cent reduction in motor vehicle deaths by the end of 1940? Obviously attempts at compulsion are neither practicable nor desirable. But it NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 15 is a mistake to assume that the employer has no influence over his employees when they leave the plant. In the following paragraphs are presented some of the methods used by members of the Na tional Safety Council to develop a safety consciousness among employees that will not be discarded when the whistle blows. The order in which they are presented has no bearing on their importance. Some members have achieved excellent results by using a selected number of these activities while others have ex panded their programs to embody them all. Safe Drivers' Club or League. Where a number of employees own and operate motor vehicles, it is often advantageous to organize a safe drivers' club or league. The object of this club is: !. To cooperate with local authorities in their efforts to promote- and aid in the con servation of individual, industrial and com munity life; 2. To conduct a continuous educational safe ty campaign so that they as a class shall be known as the most careful drivers in the com munity and by their example set a standard of safe' driving for all; 31 To teach and keep constantly before its members individual responsibility of safety to themselves, their families, their employer, and the community in general; 4-, To promote acquaintance and develop good fellowship. Some members provide drivers with radiator emblems or other insig nia. These are given when drivers join or when they have attained a given period of time or number of miles without a chargeable accident. Letters to Company Employees. At frequent intervals, (some members do this monthly) a letter signed by the president, general manager, or some other ranking company official should be addressed to each employee. This message should outline the campaign, or deal with a specific activity if the cam paign has already been started. Em ployees should be impressed with the fact that this campaign is for their good and that only by teamwork can real results be obtained. Supervision of Activities. As in every worthwhile undertaking, this campaign needs direction. It cannot be expected that the supervising plant executive will handle the details and, therefore, it be comes necessary that responsibility for planning be delegated to the safety men, safety committee, or whoever handles the accident prevention program. To set up an independent group or committee merely for the "After - Hours" safety campaign may not be desirable, par ticularly when the plant already has a well organized industrial safety program. Safety Pledges. Every employee from the chief executive to the errand boy. should be asked to sign a safety pledge, to signify his (a) wholehearted support of the company safety program; (b) willingness to support the efforts of the National Safety Council to reduce street and highway accidents by observing traffic rules and regulations both as a motorist and as a pedestrian; (c) sin cerity by setting an example for safety in the home to members of his family and others. Inspection of Employee Cars. Many members of the National Safety Council maintaining company garages and re Vision Tests and Physical Examina tions. In some organizations, where com plete preemployment and periodic physi cal examinations are given only to selected groups or departments, or in states where effective drivers' lir^y laws are not in forces vision tests and physical examinations ,ar^ proffered to employees owning and operating motor vehicles. This generally is accepted as further evidence of the employers' sin cerity in helping to combat factors which play an important part in <raffic and home accidents. pair shops extend to employees the privi lege of having their automobiles checked for safety by competent mechanics with out charge. These periodic inspections are highly essential, as many accidents are caused by faulty mechanical equip ment. Obviously such inspections can not cover every item because of time and expense. However, they do include the important factors such as Distribution of Literature. An effec tive means of "reaching" the employee and his family after hours is to provide him with safety literature which he can take home and keep. Local safety coun cils, state departments, insurance com panies, various commercial corporations and the National Safety Council offer convenient sources for such literature. I. Checking of brakes Tires--condition and inflation 3 Wheel alignment 4. Check on steering mechanism 1. Lights--headlight focus, tail lights, stop light operation 6. Efficiency of windshield wiper Parking Facilities. Where parking fa cilities are provided for employee cars, Bulletin Boards. Company bulletin boards or especially erected bulletin boards can be used to publicize regula tions, after-hour accidents in which com pany employees are involved, newspaper clippings of current home and traffic injuries, safety posters, notices of safety committee meetings, and similar items. a study will often reveal that more cars can be accommodated by laying out "service drives," "stalls," etc. The order ly manner in which parking lots are maintained aids materially in "loading" and "unloading," reduces the possibility of property damage and encourages mo torists to respect traffic regulations. It bears the same relation to traffic acci dents that good housekeeping does to industrial and home accidents. In some organizations no employee's car is per mitted on the premises unless it has been inspected and passed by company mech anics or by a local "official" vehicle in spection station. Timely Articles in Employees' Maga zines. Where plant publications or house organs are used, they afford an excellent educational medium. Not only is it possible to keep employees posted on the progress of the "inside" and "out side" accident prevention campaigns, but it likewise makes it possible to in clude safety items contributed by plant executives and employees. Jumbo Posters. A recent innovation is the use of Jumbo posters, in striking colors, placed at conspicuous locations on the company premises. Such posters add prestige to the plant's safety pro gram and identify the company as an advocate of accident prevention. Some Entering and Leaving Company Prem ises. While most motorists appreciate that they should make a "complete" stop when entering a "through" street, state road, crossing a sidewalk, etc,, some overlook these safe practices when en tering or leaving company parking lots. Some Council members place an attend ant at each entrance or exit who directs the flow of traffic and constantly reminds employees of their responsibility in re specting the right-of-way of others and the part they play in reducing street and highway accidents. members of the Council state that these outdoor posters (approximately 10x12 feet) impress employees leaving and en tering the plant with a safety thought; also that the company at once rises in the estimation of the public generally as the latter sees or hears of the display. Cooperation with Local Authorities, Employees should be encouraged to co operate with the local safety council, fire and police departments, local chapter of the American Red Cross, Boy Scouts. Girl Scouts, public and parochial schools, (Please turn to page 63) MARCH, 1936 16 Executives of General Motors examining one of the banners present ed during the Wilson No-Accident Campaign in 1935. Left to right: C. E. Wilson, vice-president; John L. Pratt, vice-president; William S. Knndsen, executive vice-president, and Alfred P. Sloan, Jr., presi dent. In circle: Hugh Dean, (left) assistant general manager of Chev rolet, is presenting a plaqne to W. J. Scott, manager of the Chevrolet spring and bumper plant in Detroit. Scott's plant won top honors by showing an 81 per cent improvement. Next to Mr. Dean is M. E. Coyle, president of Chevrolet, and at Mr. Coyle's side is C. E. Wetherald, general manufacturing manager. HE General Motors Corporation in T1935 established an all-time safety record in the operation of 72 plants in the United States and Canada. Working more than 331,000,000 hours last year, these plants reduced the num ber of accidents by 24 per cent; cut the frequency rate by 38 per cent; improved the severity rate by 35 per cent and saved General Motors plant employees 67,754 days in lost time due to accidents, compared to 1934. This improvement was made despite the fact that hours worked last year were 21 per cent higher than 1934. The safety record becomes even more impressive when it is realized that oper ations ndude some of the most hazard ous in industry--foundries, sheet metal work and machine shops. If you should ask General Motors executives for an explanation of this phenomenal showing, the answer prob ably would be summed up by "continu ous effort and interest on the part of executives, plant supervisory forces ar employees in safety," for everyone in the production organization of General Motors is safety minded. They have become that way because their chief, William S. Knudsen, execu tive vice-president, has admonished: "Safeguarding our employees is in my opinion the greatest and most important task before us at all times." C. E. Wilson, vice-president of Gen eral Motors, and assistant to Mr. Knud sen, has elaborated on this warning by the enunciation bf five principles for safe plant operation, which have been widely copied by industrial executives. Those principles include: 1. Interest in safety on the part of top management 2. Good housekeeping 3. Mechanical safeguards 4. Safety education 5. Periodic safety stimulation. General Motors operations can be divided into three groups of approximate equal size in employment--the Chevrolet plants, the Fisher Body plants and "All Others." In promoting safety, Chevrolet and Fisher each has its own program, directed by their headquarters staff in Detroit. Last year, Mr. Wilson made it his responsibility to group "All Others"' into competing organizations and con ducted a three months' campaign, which, was later continued in most of the plants by their own general managers. So, throughout most of 1935, safety was being "sold" in General Motors by various and continuous effective meth ods. The 21 Chevrolet plants, consisting of (Please turn to page 6t) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 17 0 ! 3 *3 Safe from Shock A dead front" switchboard is as nearly foolproof as any equipment can be. Not even suicide is possible from the front. increase is kept at"a reasonable point fay installing transformers at various load centers and supplying them at 2,300 volts from the main source of current supply. JH m Line and Motor Equipment * if I Sh Courtesy Westlnghotise Electric Sc M*nuf*.ouirit)R Co. By F. S. SCHOENFELD Swift & Co., Chicago Electrical equipment can be operated with a mini mum of hazard, even under unfavorable conditions LECTRICAL installations in a meat E packing plant must be planned to function safely under severe handicaps. Many of the operations of the industry are carried on under con ditions of extreme moisture, low tem peratures, steam vapor, salt brine laden air and brine solutions. Equipment is therefore subject to more than normal deterioration, and unless extra precau tions are ken, the operating hazards will nat rally be greatly increased. Because of the unfavorable conditions under which electrical equipment must be operated, only the highest grade of equipment and materials is used. Metal conduit used for both power and light wiring is of the hot galvanized steel type which has been found highly re sistant to corrosion. In some cases where the corrosion menace is extremely seri ous, aluminum conduit is used, but its use is restricted by the higher cost. When first installed, all metal conduit lines are given a protecting coat of paint and this is repeated at regular intervals. Without this protection, deterioration will usually develop at the threads where the conduit is coupled together or where it is attached to the switch or distribut ing cabinet by lock nuts. A ground in the winding of a motor is an extreme hazard to any employee coming in contact with the motor frame unless the frame has a positive, depend able connection to ground. All rubber covered wire installed in metal conduit is of the 30 per cent in sulation type. This wire gives longer life and greater freedom from trouble than the so-called code or 20 per cent insulation wire. In some of the coolers of packing plants where an abnormal amount of moisture is encountered and in other extremely yvet locations, the light wiring is of the open type installed in a protect ing V-shaped wood trough. The wire used with this system is a No. 12 special having S/64 inch rubber insulation with a triple braid covering. While a few of the plants of this com pany use a motor operating voltage of 440 or SSO AC throughout the plant, the majority use 220 volts. Wherever pos sible, all future extensions or additions will be for 220 volts. This voltage is less hazardous and less troublesome from the standpoint of maintenance of equip ment. While the use of 220 volts for motor operation does increase the initial cost of the supply lines somewhat as com pared to a 440 or SSO-volt system, this The supply lines for power and light enter any building at the elevator or stairway vestibules and at the point of entrance an enclosed safety type fused switch is used. The feeders are carried to the various floors through conduit and on each floor a steel distribution cabinet is used. Each motor or group of motors, where such grouping is possible, is provided with a set of feeders from the distribut ing cabinet and they are connected at the cabinet through either an enclosed safety type switch or through fuses of the dead front panel type. In either case fuses at the distributing cabinet can be replaced without hazard. For starting equipment at each motor some of the following combinations are used, the choice depending upon the size of the motor and its location. 1. Enclosed safety type fused switch installed so that the switch blades and the fuses are "dead" when the switch is in the "oft" posi tion. 2. Enclosed safety type fused switch and a starting compensator having a no-voltage re lease device installed so that fuses, switch blades and compensator are "dead" when the switch is in the "off" position. 3. Enclosed safety type fused switch and automatic push-button controlled starting equipment installed so that fuses, switch blades and automatic starting equipment are "dead" when the switch is in the "off" position, 4. In any of the preceding cases the safety type switch might be replaced by an oil type switch or combined oil switch and circuit breaker. 5. When prompt stopping of a motor from more than one point is desired and where a starting compensator is used, a push-button cir cuit is installed in series with the no-voltage release device. This circuit is installed in con duit and the conduit is well grounded. All enclosed safety switches are equip ped with door interlocks to prevent the door being opened when the switch is in the "on" position. Some types of door interlocks have proved unsatisfactory and impossible to keep in good condi tion. In such cases, the doors are sealed with an ordinary car seal, to prevent their being opened when the switch is in the "on" position. When fuses are to MARCH, 1936 18 he replaced, the seal is broken and re placed by an authorized employee. Each safety switch, distribution cab inet, etc., is provided with an enameled sign warning employees of the danger of coming in contact with any live part of the enclosed equipment, and against touching any part of the equipment with out first being certain that the circuit has been killed. Fuse Replacement When fuses are not protected by switches on the line side of the circuit, their replacement is extremely danger ous, and negligence on the part of even experienced employees has resulted in many fatal accidents. Even where in sulated tools were available, there have been cases where attempts to replace fuses with bare hands have resulted fatally. Protecting all fuses with suitable switches so that when the switch is dis connected, the switch blades and the fuses are dead has removed the hazard of fuse replacement. The use of the dead front type of fuse panel which eliminates the need of a switch has also proved very satisfac tory from the standpoint of insuring safety in replacement of fuses. In this type of equipment the fuses are held in an insulated case that can be removed entirely from the fuse cabinet. The fuses are replaced with complete safety after which the case is again installed in the cabinet. Grounding of Equipment One of the most serious hazards is the lack of proper grounding of motor frames, compensator cases, switches, dis tributing cabinets and conduit lines. Contact with any of the equipment in the event the motor winding or the sup ply lines developing a ground is very likely to result in a fatal accident. At each building where power is dis tributed there is installed a 3/16x1 inch flat copper bar and all distributing and switch cabinets in the vestibules on each floor are connected to this ground bar. At ground floor level this bar is connected to a 2-inch galvanized pipe perforated with }i inch hoies. The pipe is filled with crushed coke and driven 6 to 8 feet into moist ground. Every effort is made to obtain a good contact where conduit lines connect to any metal box or cabinet to insure con tinuity of the ground system. If there is any doubt, the joint is shunted by a wire attached to the conduit by a stand ard ground clamp and to the cabinet or switch case by a soldered bolted lug. Each motor is connected to the con duit system through a piece of flexible metal conduit attached to a steel box bolted to the motor frame and to the switch or compensator case. In addition, this flexible conduit is shunted by a ground wire attached to the motor frame and the switch or compensator case by a soldered bolted lug. Lighting Circuits Practically all current for lighting is distributed at 120 volts through 3-wire grounded neutral systems. Where serv ice lines enter a building they are pro tected with enclosed safety type fused switches. Feeders are run to the various floors where a steel cabinet is installed for the fuses controlling the various circuits on each floor. In this system of lighting current dis tribution the neutral wire has white in sulation to identify it and it is not fused at any point. At each switch cabinet this neutral wire is connected to a com mon ground through a screw connection so that it can be disconnected easily for testing. The neutral or ground wire is connected to the screw shell of all lamp sockets. All lamp sockets are connected by metal conduit to the outlet box and the conduit system through either a stiff or a swivel connection to insure continuity of the ground system direct to the socket. Sockets connected to the outlet box in the conduit system by so-called drop cord are not used. This makes the lamp socket a possible hazard if the outer shell should become grounded. Each single pole switch in each light ing circuit is connected only in a live line of the current supply so that when the switch is off the lighting circuit has no potential above ground. Extension Lights and Portable Tools Some types of portable machines, tools and extension lights cannot be installed or used in a manner to eliminate operat ing hazards. Some years ago special attention was given to such cases. It was found possible to obtain ex tension lights having a 60 per cent para rubber insulated cord and a rubber covered and protected plug and socket. These are equipped with wire guards and 50-watt mill-type lamps. These ex tensions can be equipped with semi waterproof sockets and wire guards or fully waterproofed sockets and vapor and waterproof glass globes. Extension lights are limited in length to 25 feet, and for general plant use they are operated at 120 volts from the regu lar lighting supply. All extension lights are inspected at regular intervals. While these extension lights have proved satisfactory over a period of years, their use under gome conditions was not considered free from hazard. When an employee enters h rendering tank or a boiler shell or drum through the manhole, an electric shock from a defective extension light operated at 120 volts is apt to be serious dug to the effective grounding of such apparatus through connecting pipe lines and the area of contact of the employee's body with the shell of the tank or drum. In all boiler rooms and tank houses there has been installed a 32-volt circuit, and the use of a 32-volt extension light insures further safety to employees en gaged in such work. Most packing plants use a semi-port able type of saw for hams, scribing loins, etc. While such equipment is portable, it is used within a limited space and pro tection presents no difficulties. In the plants being considered, these saws are operated on 3-phase, 110-volt current supplied from the regular 220-volt power supply through a small step-down trans former having a completely separated primary and secondary. Connection to the power supply is made through a 3-pole non-reversible plug having a grounding contact. A four-wire cord is used for connecting to the current sup ply, the fourth wire being used to ground the motor frame and entire saw. Portable tools such as drills, saws, etc., presented a problem when operated at 110 volts because it was impossible to guarantee that the tool would be properly grounded during operation. The motor frame and the tool were supposed to be grounded through the use of a ground wire that was to be attached to some grounded object by a test clip. In practice it was found that the operators sometimes neglected to attach the ground dip. It was finally decided that portable tools designed to operate on 32-volt single-phase AC current would be satis factory and safe. A potential of 32 volts was considered low enough to prevent injury in case of accidental contact with any live part of the circuit or through contact with the tool should the motor winding become grounded. The 32-volt single-phase current for the operation of these portable tools is supplied by a small transformer attached to and made a part of the connecting (Please turn to page 54) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Explosions Reveal Hazards of Soybean Processing ByHyLATvo 19 X EXPLOSIOX which caused the A death of 11 men and injured 4S others occurred at the soybean processing plant of the Giidden Com pany in Chicago, at 11:38 a.m. on Mon day October 7, 1935. The processing section of the plant was almost totally destroyed with a loss estimated at $600, 000. Considerable glass was broken in surrounding residences and business properties. Operation of the extraction unit had been suspended for about four weeks because the supply of beans had been exhausted. The new crop had just be come available, and the unit had re sumed operation on the morning of the explosion. The regular employees had been retained during the shut down and the plant had been completely overhaul ed-, About three hours after the plant was started, an odor of gas was noticed. One of the foremen of the Protein Depart ment was on his way to report this when the explosion occurred. Wreckage of the soybean processing plant of the Giidden Company in Chicago after the explosion of October 7, 1935. Two weeks later an explosion destroyed a small rural plant in Momence, Illinois. Eye witnesses and others in the vicini ty report that there was apparently one major blast which wrecked the build ings and rocked the neighborhood. Office employees and workers in the laboratory, drafting room and other sections of the plant were showered with broken glass when the windows were shattered. The walls of several buildings were demolish ed and bricks were scattered in all direc tions. Many automobiles parked near the plant were damaged when falling debris crashed through their tops. The fire and police departments re sponded promptly, and ambulances rush ed the injured to hospitals. Fortunately no fire broke out in the ruins. Rescue work was started promptly and con tinued day and night until all bodies were recovered. At the same time, in *Dr, Price is Principal Engineer in Charge of the Chemical Engineering Divtsion, Bureau of Chemistry and *%oiIs. United States Department of Agriculture, and Chairman of the N.F.P.A. Committee on Dust Explosion Hazards, Mr. Brown is Engineer in the Bureau of Chemistry and Soils, and Secretary of the N.F.P.A, Com mittee. This article has been adapted from a report, authorized by the Department of Agriculture, which was published in the National Fire Protection Association Quarterly for January. 193$. vestigations were started by the com pany and other agencies to determine the cause of the explosion and develop methods of preventing a recurrence. The Plant and Process The plant was operated by the Giid den Company for the production of soy bean oil, meal, protein and lecithin. It had a capacity of about 4,000 bushels of beans a day. The sketch on page 20 shows the arrangement of the different units of the plant. Some of the buildings were new while others were old buildings which had recently been remodeled. Reports indicate that all were well maintained and in good condition. The principal buildings in the section affected by the explosion were the elevator, the bean preparation building, the extraction building, the lecithin building, the pro tein building, the tank building, and the warehouse. Electric power was used throughout the plant, and underwriters' inspection reports state that approved explosion- proof motors and equipment were used in all locations where flammable vapors or dusts were considered to be a hazard. Electric lights had vapor-proof globes, and where there was considered to be any explosion hazard, wiring was in conduit with approved explosion-proof switches. Steam heat was supplied by radiators and unit heaters with air circulating fans. At the elevator, beans were unloaded from cars and stored or elevated to the top of the house for transfer to the proc essing part of the plant. From the ele vator the beans passed through an 8-in. pipe by gravity to the top floor of the bean preparation building. Here they passed over separators, through scales and up an elevator leg into a tank over . a cracking roll which cracked the beans into 3 or 4 pieces. From the cracking roll the stock passed through a drier or temperer to the flaking roll. The flakes, in. to >n- >n diameter, fell to a belt conveyor which carried them to a second elevator leg. From the top of this leg the stock flowed through a spout which passed through the brick wall into the MARCH, 1936 20 Diagram of the Glidden soybean plant. The buildings destroyed by the explosion were those in the lower left hand comer of the sketch. extraction room where a belt conveyor carried it to the top of the extraction tower. This tower, a U-shaped appara tus, was about 28 ft. high, with tubes 39 in. in diameter. Screw conveyors with perforated flights operated downward on the entrance side across the bottom and upward on the discharge side. Hexane was pumped to the intake side of the tower, and the oil and hexane mixture was drawn off and piped to the distilling column, where the hexane was recovered and put back into the process. The extracted flakes from the dis charge side of the extraction tower passed through a spout to the drier, a series of steam-heated drums through which the material was carried back and forth and finally discharged into a screw conveyor on the first floor. This con veyor, set at an incline, carried the stock to the cooler, and the discharge from the cooler passed through the wall into the bean preparation building. Here it was elevated and dropped into an air stream, which carried it through an over head pipe line to the bagging or ware house section at the northwest comer of the plant, where it was caught in a cyclone and discharged to a packing bin. In the lecithin plant, oil separated from the hexane at the distilling tower was processed to obtain lecithin, a prod uct used in candy and chocolate coatings. The oil is used as an edible product and also in the manufacture of paints. In the newly remodeled end of the plant known as the protein building, the extracted flakes, received either di rectly through a roof conveyor from the bean preparation building or in sacks after being bagged at the warehouse, were treated to produce protein in a powdered form similar to casein. In the process batches of flakes or meal were mixed with warm water in slurry tanks in the south end of the protein building and then pumped into one of the south six tanks in the tank building. In these tanks the material was treated and agi tated and pumped back into the protein building where the liquid was drained off and the residue dried. When dis charged from the drier it was elevated and dropped into the meal bin on the fourth floor, where it was bagged for shipment as meal. The liquor from the above process was pumped to filter presses on the sixth floor and the press cake from these presses was fed into a drier at the north end of the protein building. After being dried in the oil burner heated columns of the drier, the product was screened and packed for shipment. Conclusions from Investigation Before attempting to draw conclusions, consideration was given to the possible hazards present in the process used at this plant. At the elevator where the beans were received and stored the same dust explosion hazard existed that would be present in a similar elevator handling grain. In the bean preparation build ing where the beans were cleaned, crack ed and flaked practically the same dust explosion hazard existed as in a feed mill. The extraction unit was considered the hazardous part of the plant, both by company officials and insurance inspect Hexane is a light flammable liquid with flash point of 0 F, or lower. The vapor Is explosive in mixtures with air, with ex plosive limits 1.1% to 4.2% according to data from a solvent producer. The maxi mum rate of flame propagation occurs with a 2% mixture. The specific gravity of the vapor is 2.97 fair = l). ors, because of the use in this section of hexane* for the extraction of the oil from the bean flakes. At the other end of the plant in the protein building was another dust explosion hazard. At this point in the process press cake from the filter presses was broken up, dried in an oil-fired flash type drier, ground, screen ed and sacked. Here again the dust ex plosion hazard would be similar to a feed preparation plant with the additional hazard of the oil-fired drier. It seems to be generally agreed by those studying the ruins that the explo sion centered in the upper part of the tank building of the protein section, and the consensus is that the blast was an explosion of gas. The manner in which the building walls were shattered and the absence of fire following the explosion indicate that the explosive mixture was gas and air in proportions conducive to the rapid passage of flame. This opinion is upheld by the statements of employees who said that they smelled gas before the explosion and the fact that the manager and other officials were in the plant, endeavoring to find the source of the gas leak. At variance with this conclusion is the fact that the only man burned in the explosion was the employee stationed at one of the flaking rolls in the bean prep aration building and the evidence that the circuit breaker of the motor on one of the flaking rolls had opened four or five times during the morning. He thought he might have been burned by a flash of flame from the motor, but feels that the big explosion came from the protein building. The problem in the investigation has been to determine how the gas accumu lated in the tank building and how it became ignited. From the evidence assembled, it is our opinion that gas from the extraction building passed into the tank building at or near the top of the fire wall separating the two units, or possibly through the pipe carrying condenser water into the tank building. The tank building, a large open area without floors in its SO foot height, had little or no ventilation because the weather was cool and windows had not been opened. Probably a large pocket of gas accumulated at that point. The gas could have been ignited when the flash occurred at the flaking roll. This flash, passing through the doorway be tween the bean preparation building and the tank building, could have been the source of ignition for the main explosion which wrecked the plant. It is also pos sible that gas was present in the lie,in preparation building as well as in 'He NATIONAL SAFETY NFS* - tank building and that the motor circuit breaker opening or a flash at the roll provided a direct ignition for the gas and air mixture. 21 Recommendations As a result of the study of the process made in connection with this investiga tion it is recommended that certain pre cautions should be taken in plants of this kind to guard against dust explo sions as well as vapor explosions. 1. In elevators handling soybeans, the safety code for the prevention of dust explosions in grain elevators as prepared by the Dust Explo sion Hazards Committee of the National Fire Protection Association should be followed. 2. In plants grinding or milling soybeans or preparing them for processing, the safety code prepared by the same committee for the preven tion of dust explosions in flour and feed mills should be followed. 3. Soybean elevators and buildings in which grinding, milling or other preparatory processes are performed should be segregated from other sections of the plant,, and should have vents in the walls or roof to release explosion pres sures without structural damage. Such vents, in the form of hinged sash or light panels, should have an area of one sq. ft. for each 80 eu. ft of the building, room or bin. ' 4. The same precautions suggested for soy bean milling or preparation units should be adopted in plants preparing protein from soy beans, particularly in the drying section. 5. Dryers in all parts of a plant where flam mable dust is present should be separated from other sections of the plant, and the outside walls should be equipped with the above recommended amount of venting facilities. 6. Dust collectors should be installed outside or vented outside of the building. 7. To guard against any inherent dust explo sion hazard, special attention should be given to the type of drier used. _ 8. Where hazardous solvents are used con sideration should be given to the practicability of installing instruments which will detect the presence of flammable vapors and give warning when the concentration approaches the lower explosive limits. 9. Attention should be given to the develop ment of a non-flammable solvent. A Rural Soybean Plant Explosion By DAVID j. PRICE CIX hours after it had been opened for operation, a soybean oil extrac tion unit at Momence, Illinois, was de stroyed by an explosion. The owner, Varnum Parish, Jr,, and his assistant were killed. Two others, the plant fire man and a visitor, were injured. The plant was one of the first in stallations of its type in this section of Illinois. The equipment was made in an iron works in a nearby town and in stalled under the personal supervision of Parish in a building formerly used as MARCH, 1936 Sketch of soybean extraction unit at Momence, Illinois, which was destroyed by an explosion. This drawing was prepared from evidence on the ground after the explo sion, no original diagram being available. a chicken hatchery. As near as could be determined from examination* of the wreckage, the process was probably as follows: The soybeans were dropped from a hopper on the floor above into a vertical pipe in which a small grinding mill was installed, as shown in the accompany ing sketch. This mill, which was oper ated by a belt drive, crushed the beans into meal. The ground product dropped into a pipe about 18 inches in diameter, inclined upward at about 10 to IS de grees from horizontal, in which a spiral conveyor was installed. The solvent, a commercial form of hexane, was drawn from a 55-gallon drum on the floor and pumped into the extraction unit above. The hexane sol vent entered the pipe, came in contact with the soybean meal as it was carried up by the spiral conveyor and extracted the oil. The extracted oil was carried off to receiving tanks, and the solvent recovered. The oil-free meal dropped into an other pipe set at about the same angle and located directly underneath the ex traction pipe. In this pipe, which was steam-jacketed, the residual solvent was driven off as the meal passed through. The meal was then discharged into a container. > The steam for the soybean meal drier and for other purposes was supplied by a tractor engine boiler installed in an adjoining room. The investigation revealed that plans The investigation of this explosion was conducted in cooperation with Deputy State Fire Marshal Frank W. Seeger, Streator, Illinois, were made about 2:00 p. m. October 22 to get the extraction unit ready to re sume operation after a previous short run in the forenoon. This consisted of running the beans from the hopper down through the grinder and into the extrac tion unit and also in pumping the hexane solvent from the containers on the floor. Apparently about one hour after these operations were started, or about 3:00 p. m., the explosion occurred. A short time before the explosion took place a local man arrived at the plant to observe the operation of the new soy bean unit. He stated that he observed an odor of "gas" which he called to the attention of the operators, who appar ently had not been able to detect any thing unusual. About ten minutes later the explosion took place. This observer was standing near the end of the unit next to the boiler room, and was blown out through a near-by door. He was burned about the head and hands. He stated that he saw fire flash from the fire box in the boiler room and heard a second explosion which he believed blew both operators out the door at the oppo site end of the building. The plant fireman had helped get the unit started and was standing in front of the fire box in the boiler room when the explosion occurred. The first thing he observed was that his trousers were on fire. He did not hear any violent explosion, and stated that the force of the blast seemed to be in the opposite direction from him, or toward the far end of the building. From this investigation, it is very (Please turn to page 68) 22 The Campaign is On! mittees consist of management repre sentatives, foremen, and key employees. They have as their special responsibility the correction of accident hazards in the plant, safeguarding of machinery, and Council expands public safety activities in drive to cut traffic deaths 35 per cent by end of 1940 instruction of employees in safety meth ods. ^ - In 474 of these companies safety con tests are carried on. HEN the National Safety Coun Wcil, late last fall, announced its five-year campaign to cut traffic fertile ground and full-time work for the field men. The men, in all cases, will work with the public officials and the accidents 35 per cent or more by theoergnadnizations that are already doing of 1940, public authorities throughout safety work or with those in the best the country accepted the idea with ac position to do so. claim. The booklets are being prepared as Many of them, however, quickly a guide for public officials and others queried, "How are we going to go about who are concerned with the traffic prob it?" ' lem but who need information and prece Organized safety work is considerably iess prevalent in the very small estab lishments. Only 29 per cent of the com panies employing fewer than 100 work ers reported safety programs as com pared with 55 per cent of the companies employing from 100 to 999; 75 per cent of companies employing 1,000 to 4,999, and 87 per cent of companies employing more than 5.000. ,4s an answer to this, the Xationa! dent to work out the solution to the best Among industrial groups, the highest Safety Council announces an expanded public safety program, to be launched immediately. The action, which will provide a defi nite. guided program of public safety activity, has been made possible by a generous grant to the Council from the advantage. Requests have been received from hundreds of newspapers for timely acci dent-prevention material. Hitherto it has been impossible for the Council to supply this because of lack of time and money. Under the expanded program proportion of companies with organized safety programs is found in the public utility group, including transportation, communication, gas and electric power companies. In this group, 85.4 per cent of the companies covered by the survey have such programs. automotive industry. The allotment is illustrated articles dealing with all phases Petroleum refining comes next with part of a widespread safety program re of the subject, suitable for newspaper S3.8 per cent. In manufacturing indus cently undertaken by the automobile use, are being prepared for distribution tries. the proportions range from 75 per group. to the nation's press. In addition, help cent in rubber manufacturing to 28 per The chief additions to the Council's will be given in the organization of local cent in the manufacture of clothing. In former activities in the field of traffic safety campaigns contemplated by news only three of the 16 manufacturing accident prevention are: papers. classifications is the proportion of com 1. The placing of eight field men in the various parts of the United States to assist state and community officials and organizations in their efforts to re duce traffic accidents. 2. The preparation of a series of book Thus, through the timely grant of the automobile manufacturers, impetus has been given the Five-Year Campaign, and as a result many communities will be able to translate their traffic control efforts into actual lives saved. panies with organized safety programs lower than 50 per cent, and in five it exceeds 70 per cent. Very few safety programs have been discontinued. The elimination of safety committees was reported by 25 com lets, written in popular style, for nation panies, which is equivalent to only 2.1 wide distribution. These pamphlets will per cent of the total number of such tell how many states, counties and cities have successfully attacked their traffic problems along engineering, enforcement and educational lines and how others Safety Has Prominent Place, Survey Shows A X ORGANIZED safety program is committees reported as still in opera tion. Safety contests have been aban doned by 40 companies, or 8.4 per cent of the number of such programs reported can pattern their activities after these in force in practically three out of as in force. successful methods. every five establishments, according to 3. A vastly improved service for news a report of the National Industrial Con papers. which have already given such valuable service to the cause of safety. 4. Substantial cooperation with the General Federation of Women's Clubs, the National Congress of Parents and ference Board which has just made a nation-wide investigation of industrial relations policies. The survey covered 2.452 business establishments in manu facturing, mining, transportation and Raising the Ante TTIE Kendall Refining Company, Bradford, Pennsylvania, has "boosted the ante" in the 1936 National Safety Teachers, and the International Associa communication, wholesale and retail Council Calendar Contest, tion of Chiefs of Police. trades, finance, and public utilities. Em So keen has been the interest among .More than a score of states have ployment represented by these com the company's employees since the Safe sought aid in formulating a concrete panies totalled more than 4,500,000. A ty Calendar was issued, that the firm state-wide public safety program to fit total of 1,429 companies reported or posted prizes of its own. in addition to in with the Council's "Five-Year Plan." ganized safety programs. These com the award offered by the Council, to add Hundreds of cities entered in the Na panies employ .5,742.000 workers, or S3 zest to the competition. A company con tional Traffic Safety Contest want and per cent of the total number covered in test, independent of the National Safety need help in applying the Council's gen the survey. Council Contest, is being conducted to eral safety program to their local con Safety committees are functioning in determine the winners of these additional ditions. These demands will provide 1,200 of these companies. These com awards. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 23 Better Posturei Less Fatigue By F. W. SHUMARD Dean, Suttonol Srhooi of Tune Sludu, Xorwatk, Conn, Physicians, safety men and time study men all have a practical interest in methods which reduce fatigue .j npHE posture of operator's arms and I other parts of the body while at work should receive particular at tention, This applies equally to stand ing and sitting positions. Posture of workers is important to the time study man as well as to the industrial physi cian. The proper height of work, whether standing or sitting, should be about two inches below the elbow height of the operator. If the machine or work is of such dimensions as to prevent this main tenance of height for all sections, then the mean section requiring the longest sustained effort, as perhaps indicated by the longer time elements, becomes the basis for rest allowances. Elements for other sections which impose undue stretching, reaching, stooping, etc., must also be rewarded by heavier time allow ances. If the work station requires continual standing on concrete or other types of unyielding floors, an operator should stand on a fabric mat or on a soft wooden sub-platform to counteract the effects of vitality-reducing floors. During the past few years valuable data have been collected by industrial and medical experts that prove the wis dom of having bench, chair and stool heights carefully specified for the mini mizing of fatigue. Their figures prove that production costs in many instances have been materially lowered by using t'otirtesy American Mit Corp. A resilient non-slip mat conserves the worker's energy for productive effort. benches and chairs of proper height and correct design and show that this has resulted in marked reduction of fatigue. The correct height and general design of a work bench should be determined by the kind of work to be performed on it, and also by the average height of workers to be assigned to the bench. The height of benches should be from 29 to 39 inches as measured from the floor or sub-floor to the top surface of the bench. The top surfaces should be not over three inches in thickness (less if pos sible) and there should be no interfering braces or supports that will prevent operators from placing their knees well under the bench. Omirteiy Angle Stwl Stool Co, Posture chairs in use in a textile mill. Chairs which can be adjusted to fit the occu pant permit more work with less fatigue than makeshift seating. Sitting operators should rest their feet on a foot rest about ten inches wide, which is installed in a tipped position to the lower part of the bench. The front edge of the foot rest should be about 10 or 11 inches from the floor and flush with the front edge of the bench. The back of the inclined foot rest should be about two inches higher than the front edge. This foot rest, if adjustable, can be modified slightly to suit the con venience of different operators. The stool or chair used for sedentary operators should also receive careful at tention. Manufacturers of chairs who have made scientific investigations of fatigue, supply industrial chairs having wooden saddle type seats with suitable back rests. The chairs are adjustable, ranging from 25 to 31 inches from floor to top front edge of the chair seat. MARCH, 1936 24 Courtesy Pomore Chair C'o. Comfortable chairs designed for correct posture lessen fatigue and speed up service to policyholders in this large insurance office. Where the work consists mostly of pressing attitudes, as when using screw drivers, electric drills, etc., the back edge of the chair seat should be raised enough to compensate for the strain of posture. Standing or sitting positions are tire some if either is constantly maintained throughput the day without change. An operation which requires alternate stand ing and sitting is the ideal combination of work to keep fatigue at its minimum level. Where this type of combination of standing-sitting postures is not feasi ble, the time study man can often pre scribe an incidental element of work in the cycle which requires the operator walking a short distance to obtain or to deliver small quantities of work, or for tools. This type of incidental element on monotonous operations offers relaxa tion in the form of productive work in stead of heavier rest allowances for the workers. fect. It must be, to handle the eight giant red and silver transports which, when loaded, weigh seven tons each. The trucks measure 33 feet from bumper to bumper, are 11} i feet from road to roof, and are eight feet in breadth. The same care was usedjn selecting drivers for the tractors and trailer units, the sound sedan, and the passenger cars that form a part of the two-mile cara van, which, in transit, are spaced at 200- foot intervals, for safety and as a courte sy to passing motorists. ^ The mammoth transports also are equipped with a full complement of navi gation lights and illuminated arrows in dicating direction of turns and curves. The cabs have wide windows of safety glass giving the pilots full vision of the road ahead and at the sides. Dual rear- vision mirrors give a wide after-view. Comfort as a safety factor is insured by the broad pilots' seats. State and city police cooperate with the caravan along the route, detailing escorts through congested traffic, that there may be no infractions of state law or city ordinance. It is the desire of Commander Schaeffer, that the "no vio lation" record may remain perfect. The sound car, equipped with public address system, sounds traffic advice and warnings along the route. In towns and cities, local police are invited to direct traffic through the microphone of this car. The vehicles undergo daily inspection, just as the pilots are examined daily by a medical man, member of the crew, to assure Commander Schaeffer that men and machines are in perfect condition before the caravan moves on. No Accidents or Violations Is Aim in 20,000 Mile Tour ?']\FOT an accident. not a violation." ' That is the travel slogan of the General Motors Parade of Progress as it wends its way across country and through towns to take to the public the "circus of science" -- revelations of the General Motors research laboratories. The General Motors Parade of Prog ress has been called a `'world's fair on wheels," a caravan of 28 motor units, designed to show industry's contribu tion to the happiness and well-being of the irdividual citizen. It will cover more than 20,000 miies this year and show to many millions of people. It is now touring Florida. Every member of the personnel is pledged to safety, according to Herbert R. Schaeffer, former U. S. Navy officer now commissioned in the Naval Re serve, and commander of the caravan. General Motors officials insist that the rules of the road be respected to the letter; that the drivers be skilled; that 30 miles an hour be the maximum speed on highways and that city ordinances be observed. They demand full courtesy for the pedestrian and the passing car; respect for all signals and highway markers; physical fitness -- everything that goes for safety. Pilots of the "jumbo" transports that carry the circus have been chosen with the care shown in picking army aviators. Eight men, physically fit, are at the con trols. Their muscle coordination is per Demonstrating the fire-fighting meth ods to be used in an emergency dur ing the 20,000 mile tour of the General Motors Parade of Progress. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 25 How Radio Protects the Air Traveler By JACK DELMONTE Electrical Engineer low a predetermined course by listening Figure i, A I nited Air Fines plane equipped with radio-telephone to the cone of signals that originate from the radio beacon station. One of the difficulties experienced with beacon signals is a multiple reflec tion of the radio waves in mountainous regions, which may be confusing to the X MARVELLING at the beauty of pilot. Familiarity with a route, how I the airplane in flight, one must not forget the achievements that make ever, should minimize the effect of these extraneous influences. When the pilot safe flying possible. ' The radio is one arrives at a "dead zone" insofar as the of the greatest boons to aviators, for up radio signals are concerned, he is over in the lower limits of the stratosphere, the station emitting the signals. It has man is in a hostile environment, and the been the practice to interrupt the radio psychological factor of maintaining con tact with the ground does a great deal to bolster his courage. Radio fulfills a number of important functions for the modem passenger air planes, including: dispatching and schedule flying, reception of weather re ports, determination of position, blind flying, and partial blind landing. As far as safe flying is concerned, direction finding is one of the most important functions. A typical radio installation in an airplane is shown in figure 2. The direction finder equipment may be ob served on the right hand side. The antenna reel is located prominently in the ce' 'r of the photograph, for i n sorm installations it is necessary to reel out the antenna while the airplane is in flight. In the United States a system of radio beacons is maintained and operated about the country by the Department of Commerce, and a well defined airpath is available to anyone flying along the Federal Airways System. The regu lar radio beacon range extends for about 100 miles. A series of dot and dash signals, are broadcast upon a definite frequency from the radio beacon sta tion. This frequency may be received by any radio receiver equipped for long wave recep`ion. The radio signals are "directional" and a pilot can easily de termine whether he is on the right path of flight or not, as the radio range beacon signals give indication of the direction in which he is flying. The pilot can fol beacon signals to broadcast weather re ports, which usually take a period of about three minutes. This short interval of time may be enough to mislead a pilot or cause him to lose his course, and efforts are being made to make possible the simultaneous broadcast of the bea con signal and the weather reports upon one radio frequency wave.1 Another alternative is to make a brief announce ment upon what frequency the weather reports are to be broadcast, and im : R, Martin-`'Rad!o" N'ov., 1934. Aviation. MARCH, 1936 26 mediately resume the beacon signals, allowing a minimum of interruption for those closely following the signals. Thus the interested pilots can tune from the beacon to the weather reports. The knowledge of weather reports is vitally important to the pilot, for in this fashion he can be warned against ad verse dying weather. Upon reception of the reports by radio, the pilot may re route his course to one of comparative Weston K!tH\ Instrument C'>rp Figure 3. With the radio compass there is little danger of the pilot get ting lost. safety or ground the airplane before the advent of a violent storm. An outstand ing example of this service is the "hurri cane watch" of the Pan-American Air ways in the storm centers of the Carribean. A system of 47 radio and weather reporting radio stations is maintained for the large airfleet in service between the United States, Central, and South America. The Red Cross and official sources credit this service with being instrumental in saving more than 26,000 lives through warnings issued to com munities lying in the path of the hurri canes. The large flying boats may safe ly negotiate about any storm area when they are warned of the location and di rection of the storm travel. In Europe, the majority of the air lines rely tor navigation upon ground stations equipped with some form of direction-finding apparatus. The pilot of the aircraft sends out signals asking for his position. These are received bythree ground stations, and one of them directs him to transmit a certain note. Bearings are taken upon the signal, and are transmitted from two of the stations to a central main station. The course of the plane is plotted on a map, and the pilot of the aircraft is then notified of his position. This system of control requires a transmitter in addition to the radio receivers; it is believed in the Spread This Message Through Your Community By H. P. HEYNE Safely Enyineer, Canton. Ohio T'HE chief cause of accidental death 1 among children is the automobile. In recognition of this, the prevention of automobile accidents should not be left wholly to public authorities. As motorists, adults can safeguard the lives of children by driving carefully. As parents, they can educate their child ren to recognize the prevailing dangers and to avoid them. A community safety council on child safety activities, working with the co operation of parent and teacher groups and individual householders, can do much to promote child safety. The pro gram may be fostered by a letter such as the following, distributed by safety council representatives in each precinct, so that every family in the community is reached: For the past few months w-e have seen a num ber of children on our streets narrowly escape death or injury from automobiles. Many traffic accidents occur on the residential streets. The adults in residential sections can curtail these accidents by the proper training of their children. Will you cooperate in this movement? The following nine recommendations, when followed through, will make it safe for your children; Park your car in the garage. A parked car in the street obscures the view of children who are apt to leap into the street from behind the car. ' Be watchful when backing out of the yard. You cannot see children close to the cat when depending on your rear view mirror alone. Be careful in backing and turning vuur auto mobile at dead-end streets. Be sure no one isin a position to get hurt. Keep your own children out of the streets. This will help others to teach their children to play in back yards and on sidewalks. Teach children to use the playgrounds, yards, and sidewalks Teach your children the need for looking first to the left and then to the right before crossing the streets or highways or railroad crossings, and only to cross when the roadway is dear. Drive your car at a moderate speed, especially in residential sections and near schools. Your brakes and tires should always be in good con dition. The home--a place for everything and every thing in its proper place, and nothing stored, on stairways. Conduct weekly meetings for a check-up in the elimination of unsafe condi tions and unsafe practices in the home. Let us all cooperate in home safety and in. safe driving. Make our city the safest in the country. With your help this can be done! WILL YOU DO YOUR PART? United States that the beacon signals are superior and more generally prac ticable. Another form of direction - finding radio equipment is the homing device, which enables aircraft to be flown direct to any station which is sending out radio transmissions. This is the most recent ly developed safety feature of aircraft radio, and is limited in its application at present by the high cost. The sim plest form of the radio compass devices is the visual indicator. A pilot lost above the clouds can head his airplane toward any broadcast station whose location he knows, and guide the airplane merely by watching a needle upon the instru ment dashboard. TKis development makes use of a loop aerial which is mounted outside the fuselage. On some installations it is fixed, on others it is possible to rotate the loop and observe on the direction finder the origin of radio signals. Beyond doubt, this is superior to the radio beacon signal, as the 600 commercial stations in the United Statesafford the pilot a wide range of choice for setting his course. Equipped with the radio compass,, there is little danger that the pilot will get lost, for he directs the airplane toa broadcast station of the city to which he is flying, and a zero indication on his instrument connotes "on course." A typical radio compass indicator that is used in conjunction with the loop an tenna, and direction finding equipment is shown in figure .3, Assuming a fixed loop antenna, if the airplane veers to the right, the needle goes to the right, and likewise for the left. However, if the pilot veers the airplane to the right and the instrument reads to the left, he is flying in the wrong direction. To make sure that the instrument is work ing when the airplane is on course, the pilot may veer the aircraft itself in either direction to check the response of the instrument. The radio compass (Please turn to page 67) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 27 Ups type of construction. Such ladders re tain their rigidity better, and there is that much less opportunity for moisture to get at the tenon of the rung and cause and There may have been a reason for this set-up but it would make a safety man shudder. Lashing the ladder to the railing would reduce the hazard. VERY industrial establishment E boasts of at least one ladder. It is impossible to carry on the daily activities of the factory without some means of reaching elevated locations. And probably no piece of equipment is subjected to more abuse and neglect. Too often a ladder is bought on price alone and kept in service with the mini mum of maintenance until it finally col lapses. " Unlike many of man's appliances, the ordinary ladder of today is very much like that used hundreds of years ago. Wood is still the most popular material. Ladders of light weight aluminum alloys have been introduced and have found a limited market, but they cannot compete MARCH. 1936 Downs Keep a watchful eye on the ladders and there will be fewer accidental "downs" with wooden ladders in price. When light-weight alloys can be produced at competitive prices, safer and more dur able ladders will be more widely used. Safety begins with the purchase of equipment. There are few more con spicuous chances to purchase either safety or accidents than with ladders. A good ladder costs more, but it will last longer, and with proper care it will help its user to avoid accident. N'o ladder is safer than the poorest piece of stock used in its construction. This means that only well seasoned, straight-grained woods should be used. For extension and straight ladders, the rails should be of spruce, Douglas fir, \"orway pine, or long leaf yellow pine. The last named wood, being heavier, is less used for ladder construction. Oak, hickory and ash are the best woods for rungs, and a straight grain is highly important. The best rungs are hand-split, which makes it impossible to get anything but a straight grain. A machine-turned rung is far less reliable. The sectional size of side rails must vary with the length of the ladder, and the diameter of the rungs must vary with the width of the ladder between side rails. The diameter of the rung should not be less than l's inches nor the tenon less than ~s inches. Extension ladders should be equipped with automatic locks instead of gravity locks. In the automatic lock the keeper is forced by a spring to grip properly and seat under the rung. Malleable iron or mild steel should be used for the hard ware; cast iron fittings should not be permitted. There has been considerable discus sion of whether the rung tenons should extend fully through the side rails or only to within one-quarter inch. The preference seems to be for the latter nrly constructed'stepladder is them dent makef' but thusands of them are m use. The demands of in dustry are more exacting than those of the home, but many of the stepladders on the market would become wobbly after one spring housecleaning. For industrial use a stepladder should have side rails at least ts-inch (prefer ably one inch) by 3)4 inches. To give a good footing the treads or steps should be not less than 3)4 inches wide. Steps should be truss-rodded or braced to the side rails with angle braces. Frequently it is necessary for a helper to assist a worker from the back of the ladder. For this reason the rung-back type of stepladder is preferable. It is stronger than the slat-back type and will not become wobbly. The spreader is a frequent source of bruised hands, but it is possible to obtain safety spreaders with a shield over the joint. An important contribution to safety had origin in England some 75 years Light weight alloys make strong, serviceable ladders but they cannot compete with wood in price. This 44foot extension ladder weighs only 172 pounds complete. The leg brace is removable. 28 A ladder foot combined with a spike is shown in this picture. Either may be used, depending on the nature of the floor surface. When the spike is used the foot is hooked in an out of the way position. This device has the disadvantage of being rather cumbersome. ago when an enterprising individual con structed a crude stepladder with a large platform on which a worker could stand comfortably and use both hands to work. This crude idea was developed into the modern platform or safety ladder. Plat form ladders were used by Admiral Byrd's expedition to the South Pole, and they are widely used in industrial plants. With this type of stepladder the worker stands on a solid platform guarded on three sides. There is a marked gain in both efficiency and safety. Another type of ladder frequently used for maintenance work is the ex tension trestle. This ladder is of the "A" type, with a center section which slides up and down. These are generally used in pairs with a stage between them or in sets of four with two stages, and with planks from stage to stage. In selecting extension trestles, the principal points to look for are adequate length guides, strong locks for the sliding sec tion, and a safety spreader. The surest way to get safe ladders is to purchase those which are guaranteed to conform to the National Ladder Code* drawn up by the American Standards Association. Inspection and Maintenance Even the most durable of ladders re quires careful inspection and mainte nance. More structural failures occur as a result of misuse in handling and In addition to the. National Ladder Code, nelpful information on the subject will be found in Safe Practices Pamphlet No. I. "Ladders"; Industrial Data Sheet D-Gen. 5. "Inspection of Ladders." Brief suggestions to employees for the safe use of ladders are found in several posters and safety instruction cards published by the National Safety Council. storing rather than from the strains imposed by actual use. Ladders are dropped in handling and slide off piles or trucks. Frequently they are stored horizontally with supporting points near the ends, resulting in sagging which may put a permanent set in the ladder and weaken the rails. To avoid this possi bility, ladders should have several sup port points when stored horizontally. They should be stored in a place pro tected from the weather. Dampness will cause the wood to check and rot the rung tenons. The latter damage is diffi cult to detect. To afford protection against moisture, ladders should be given first a coat of linseed oil and then a coat of colorless shellac. Paint should not be used. It saves the surface but it also covers a multitude of defects. No program of inspection can be too rigid. Constant vigilance is needed to keep unsafe ladders from being used "just this once.'1 All workmen should be told to return to their foremen any- damaged ladder. It should not be put back where somebody else might use it. If the damaged ladder is beyond repair, the foreman should break it up so that nobody can risk his life on it. If it is to be repaired, it should be conspicuously tagged. When there is doubt about the j.rength of the ladder, a test should be made. Support the ladder horizontally at points about six inches from each end, and apply a load of 200 pounds at the center. Permissible deflection increases with the length of the ladder. Reference to the National Ladder Code will show the per missible deflections. If the ladder exceeds the permissible deflection, it should be discarded or cut down to a length at which it will con form to the code. Frequently a wobble in the ladder can be corrected bv tighten ing the tie rods. Regardless of the quality built into a ladder and in spite of faithful inspec tion and maintenance, an accident may occur if the ladder is not suited to the job. Frequently an extension ladder is just a trifle too short, and the worker forgets that there must be a proper lap of the sections. If he gets by. he is Lucky. Extension ladders up to 36 feet should have a minimum lap of three feet: lad ders 40 to 44 feet a lap of four feet; 46 to 50 feet take five feet, and over 50 feet, six feet is needed. An example of unsafe practice is a steamfitter standing on a stepladder and using a large stillson wrench. His ladder may meet all code specifications, but it was never intended to take such a load. The pressure exerted upward on the wrench plus his own weight is enormous. A stepladder should not be used when a stout scaffold is required. Many accidents have also resulted from placing ladders at incorrect angles against walls. If the ladder is placed so that it is too close to the wall at the bottom, there is the danger of over balancing when the user ascends. If it is too far from the wall at the bottom, there is too much bending strain on the side rails. A good rule to remember is to keep the horizontal distance from the wall to the ladder at the bottom one fourth the length of the ladder. When ladders are being used where people or moving objects are passing by, a helper should be stationed at the bot tom of the ladder. This precaution should also be taken when a ladder must be used in front of a door. ' Ladder Feet Mounting a ladder securely on a slip pery surface calls for special ladder feet, many kinds of which are available. Three general types are on the market: (1) Those having an abrasive metal surface: (2 j those with cork soles or vacuum type rubber treads; (3) those with spiked points. Conditions of use are so varied that no hard and fast rules can be laid down for the choice of types of ladder feet. In general the cork or rubber vacuum type will be found most satisfactory for smooth floors. On wet or oily concrete surfaces the abrasive metal feet are pre ferred. On wood or hard ground the steel point is effective but its disadvan tages on wood floors are obvious. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 29 70,000 miles was set--the highest sys Every Bus Run Was tem average of any bus company in America at that time. The best no accident average of the Southeastern a Safety Drive Greyhound Lines up to that time had been 23.000 miles. The goal seemed hopeless, but the first-contest was con cluded with a system average of 64,258 Tj'VERV run made by a motor coach -*-J operator for the Southeastern Grey hound Bus Lines is a "safety drive'' since that division of the nationally known transportation system began a determined safety campaign June 1, 1934. ' Since that time, no-accident mileages formerly believed impossible have been accomplished by the drivers, and one unit, the Birmingham region, has built up a record of 1,249.143 miles without a single accident. This is believed to be the best record ever made by any fleet or bus organization. In recognition of the achievement the Bureau of Safety, Chicago, presented the Birmingham group a beautiful trophy. So skillfully has the contest been or ganized that it perpetuates itself by its own momentum and also automatically extends its goal as each contest period ends. When officials of the division under took the campaign, they realized that drive a specified length of time without a single chargeable accident. A six- months no - accident period entitles a driver to a bronze button; one year, a gold button: two years, a pearl-studded button: three, a ruby-s:udded button; four, sapphire-studded: and five, a dia mond-studded emblem. _ A discipline and bonus plan dovetails with the "Safety Button Record." At every pay period each coach operator is paid a bonus amounting to 7J4 per cent of his salary. The bonus is withheld, however, if the operator is at fault in any chargeable accident during the peri od; if he is guilty of any act of reckless ness or carelessness, even though this did not result in an accident; if he is in volved in an accident in which he,is not directly responsible, but which he might have avoided by greater caution; and many no-accident offenses, such as dis courtesy, speed, violation of rules, and drinking. . At the start of the contest a goal of miles. The second contest raised this mark to 85,247 miles. And the fifth contest, concluded on January 5. of this year, set a record of 136.189 safe miles as the average for the division. Re gional winners have piled up amazing figures in the meantime. Winners in the five contests have been as follows: 1. Louisville Region, 116.104 miles. 2. Knoxville Region, 165,734 miles. 3. Knoxville Region, 325.432 miles. 4. Birmingham Region, 689,210 miles. 5. Birmingham Region. 695.799 miles. Suitable awards have been presented to winners at banquets held at the con clusion of each contest. /"iXE of the outstanding features of the competition has been the work of the Birmingham Region in setting its "million mile record." During the latter part of 1934 the Greyhound Management Company of Cleveland issued a statement that its Indianapolis Region had set a record of the first need was to outline a definite program and the second to create and 1,024,003 miles without a chargeable accident. The entire bus industry and maintain interest among all employees. safety organizations throughout the The Southeastern System was divided country recognized this record, and the into six regions--- Nashville, Birming Southeastern Greyhound Lines looked ham, Cincinnati, Louisville, Knoxville, upon it as a challenge. and Lexington. The regions in turn The Lexington Region was on its way were divided into teams. Thus compe to make a strong bid for similar honors, tition was placed on a personal and in when a scraped fender damaged a per dividual basis. fect record that had reached 700,000 Chargeable accidents were defined miles. The Birmingham Region, how precisely. Included in the list were such ever, stepped into the competition and items as passengers falling while board on December 24, 1935, broke the record, ing a bus or alighting from it, or baggage with 1,249,143 safe miles to its credit falling from the top of the bus or from --a fine Christmas gift to the manage the rack inside, regardless of damage ment which sponsored the safety ac done. tivity. Each contest lasted for sixteen weeks, Translated into comparative terms, and since another one started as soon the record would mean driving across as one was finished, eager interest was the continent 416 times or around the created among employees, and the pos world 54 times without a single accident. sibility of a let-down was obviated. With Because of the success attained by the each succeeding contest the winning operators' contests during the first few group has had to exert itself to greater months, a contest for mechanical forces lengths to outstrip its competitors, for was inaugurated on January 1, 1935. as the safety idea began to be ingrained Since that time these employees have into the operators, the no-accident mile worked more than 607,000 man-hours age began to rise to unexpected heights. without a lost-time accident. In connection with the contest the Recognition was given the Southeast management inaugurated what is known ern Greyhound Lines in 1935 for winning as the "Safety Button Record," award the Middle West Safety Contest, in ing safety emblems to operators who which 27 companies are entered. MARCH. 1936 30 The Safety Exchange 'A ROUND TABLE IN PRINT"- The ideas presented here have proved helpful. If you have developed some useful device or method send in a description, with illustration, if possible. These devices are home-made and are not available commercially Simplify Carrying of Compressed Gas Cylinders These two devices make the carrying of compressed gas cylinders easy. The one for carrying cylinders horizontally is formed by a metal tong with a wooden handle, attached so that it will not slip. When pressure is applied to the handle by lifting, the tong closes and the cylin der is held firmly. The device for carrying cylinders in a vertical position is formed by a metal collar with two projecting wooden han dles. The distance from the bolt in the handle to the end of the handle near the tank is slightly greater than the distance from the bolt to the tank; therefore, when the handles are lifted upward, the ends press firmly against the tank and it is easy to lift and carry the cylinder. One recent message reads, "Mr. Fore man, ask yourself 'Is my department safe?' " Another is: ``Mr. Foreman, you are responsible for the safety of your men. Study all jobs and warn your men. Keep your safety record in mind." "Hezekiah" Is Grim But Effective Reminder A skull dug up in the course of a con struction job by employees of the Piqua Stone Products Company. Piqua. Ohio, Chock for Mine Cars Prevents Runaways This photograph of a block to prevent runaways, and protect men working on track comes from the U. S. Bureau of Mines. The wooden block, shaped to the curvature of the car wheel, is 18 inches long, six inches high, and 3 or 4 inches wide. A )A inch iron strap is bolted to the block two inches from the top by a inch bolt. The strap is bent at right angles, passed under the block through a groove, and bent at right angles in the opposite direction. The end is then bent to form a sleeve for a inch bolt. The strip of ] > inch iron, 6 inches wide, is bent to form a sleeve for a 3/i inch bolt. A piece cut from the center allows the sleeve at the end of the iron strap to be inserted, and form a hinge. The large piece is then bent to fit over the flange of the rail, and the end carried under the rail. A lug bolted to this end holds the block to the rail. Rubber Stamps Speak for Safety The Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company, Youngstovn. Ohio, stamps all correspondence aoing through its plant with a suitable safety reminder. Each letter going to the foreman, super intendent, safety engirleer or anyone di rectly connected with shop operation is so stamped. Thus these men are re minded to keep up the job of safety. The messages vary from time to time and have met with very good response in all departments in which they are intro duced. has been used in safety displays. "Hez ekiah," as the employees christened the grisly souvenir, has apparently been an effective reminder. The company has not had a disabling injury since Febru ary 21, 1934. and was awarded the safe ty trophy of the Ohio Crushed Stone Producers Association for the first half of 1935. In the accompanying illustra tion, the trophy is shown in the upper right hand corner and "Hezekiah" at the lower left. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Efficient Way To Light Work Bench To give better light and at the same time not interfere with operations, this method of lighting workbenches was de veloped. A w'ire, at a height where it may be easily reached, is run over the work bench. A notched wood block is at tached to the cord of the electric light and hooked onto the wire. Since the block has three or four notches, the light may be suspended at different levels. FASTENED TO LAMP CORD 31 thus permitting a variance in illumina tion according to the kind of work be ing done. Railroad Maintenance Men Flag Way to Safety The Gulf, Mobile and Northern Rail road has built a novel safety campaign around motor cars which transport sec tion crews along the right of way. They equipped the cars with red pennants atop a 15-foot pole to warn motorists when a rail car was approaching. Be cause these flags attracted so much at tention from both outsiders and railroad to MARCH, 1936 Manhole Covers Easily Lifted with This Hook This manhole lifting hook was devised by the Consolidated Gas Company of New York, to make lifting easy, and to provide perfect control of the cover. It consists of a telescopic arm of metal tubing welded to a foot piece fashioned of two pieces of boiler plate, bolted and pressed to permit the arm to swivel and to give ample gripping surface on the pavement. To this handle a two-pur pose hooking device is fastened; the long employees, Chief Engineer Exley built a more extensive campaign about them. He made two rules governing the use of the flags. One, that whenever a mo tor car is on the main track or not en tirely clear of it, the safety flag must be in a raised position. Two, that when ever the motor car is entirely clear of the main track, the flag must be down. Furthering this idea, Mr. Exley start ed a "Safety Crusade." Crusade flags (red flags with golden colored crosses in their centers) were awarded all foremen, linemen and supervisors each month they maintained a perfect safety record. If an accident occurred in which they were at fault, their crusade flag was for feited and a plain red flag substituted until they had a perfect safety record for a month. Since it was necessary for the average crew to handle the flag six or eight timer a day, the men became familiar with the safety idea. The flag contest has de veloped into a safety campaign in which all maintenance - of - way workers are striving for honors. hook is used for round covers, and the short one for rectangular covers. To operate the lifter, the foot piece is set beside the manhole at the point where the cover is to be placed. The hook is inserted in the manhole cover hole, and the operator walks around the manhole, lifting the cover by raising the handle of the lifter and pivoting the weight of the cover on the foot piece. The over all length of this device is 56 inches. Being telescopic, it allows for adjust ment. Bulletin Boards Are Movable This bulletin board is one of twelve used on the docks by the Lykes Brothers - Ripley Steamship Company. The boards are double faced and mounted on casters. They are placed on the dock alongside each vessel. lykes BROS. filHiY S.S. CO. INC. IBESURETHIMK-BESAFE 32 THE SAFETY LIBRARY By MARy M. WELLS LIBRARIAN, N. S. C. Commerce and Traffic Traffic and Trade. By John Paver and Miller McCUntock. Published by McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York City. tQ35- Pr`cc <o. This book is an introduction. to the analysis of the relations between street traffic flow and retail trade activities. It is divided into four parts, representing different phases of the analysis. . Part 1 is devoted to the reasons for traffic movements of various patterns in relation to the market variations. It deals with variations in traffic flow pat terns at different times of the day, differ ent days of the week and different sea sons of the year. Part 2 deals with the distribution of retail trade by location and time. It shows how different kinds of retail busi ness are distributed over city areas and shows the variations in sales for charac teristic businesses by times of day. It relates these to the traffic pattern, both vehicular and pedestrian. Part 3 defines urban markets and trading areas and shows how they may be determined from information about traffic flow. Part 4 deals with the adjustment of methods of distribution to moving buy ing power. It analyzes the different types of advertising and selling methods in relation to the distribution of buying power. The authors emphasize that the book is only an introduction to the subject, intended to point out some of the basic relationships and the method of ap proach in pursuing the studies farther. --Earl J. Reeder Traffic Control The Steady Flow Traffic System, by Fritz Malcher. Published by Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1935. Price 31.00. (Book) The steady flow traffic system had for several years prior to the death of the author been a subject of development and investigation by him. This book, which is Volume 9 in the Harvard City Planning Studies, presents the work so far as it had developed at the time of Mr. Malcher's death and includes some specific applications of the steady flow principles to various complicated inter sections and areas, arranged by friends of the author. The book presents well the funda mentals of street layout for uninterrupt ed traffic and discusses at some length the economic aspects of this develop ment. An evidently uncompleted chapter on "Express highways under the Steady- Flow System" appears to mark the end of the author's work on the book, which is followed by the specific applications on which the author had worked but which he had not prepared for publica tion. --Earl J. Reeder Training Supervisors The growing attention being given to employer-employee relations has served to focus attention on foremen and other supervisory employees because of their key position between management and the rank and file of the organization. This explains why, according to a re port recently issued by the Policyholders Service Bureau of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, increasing empha sis is being placed on the training of such supervisors as foremen and the other "non-commissioned officers" of managerial staffs. A report of the sur vey, entitled Training Supervisors and Key-Men, presents an outline of the practices of 85 companies that have in augurated such training programs. A clearly defined purpose is essential to the success of training programs, the report points out. Analysis of the train ing methods of the 85 companies shows that there are three predominating ob jectives: (1) providing foremen with an opportunity to acquire information, (2) helping them think clearly about their jobs and (3) developing ability to do what is required of them. Methods of training discussed in the report vary from the studied informality of the "con ference" method to schedules of lectures on such subjects as economics, psychol ogy, time study and cost accounting, also on company organization and his tory, products and markets, plant poli cies and practices. The report, referring to discussions used in connection with training lectures, states that informa tion acquired through such methods is better understood and more readily ac cepted. '' The essentials for success in a pro gram of foreman training, according to the report, are active interest from the management, a competent leader, a care fully selected group, practical subjects for discussion. The report states that there is difference of opinion as to the possibility of measuring results of train ing programs. Some companies how ever, point to specific improvements in departmental production, to changes in attitude of certain foremen, or to the fact that trained foremen have developed faster as a group than those who have not received training. The report also discusses methods of planning a training program, and the costs of a training program. The details of the practices of seven companies are outlined at some length. Copies of this report are available on request to the Policyholders Service Bureau, Metro politan Life Insurance Company, One Madison Avenue, New York City. Dusts Explosibility of Agricultural and Other Dusts as Indicated by Maxi mum Pressure and Rates of Pressure F -e. By Paul IV. Edwards and L. R. Leinbach. (O'. S. Department of Agri culture, Technical Bulletin No. 490) For sale'by the Superintendent of Docu ments, Washington, D. C. Price 3c. (Pamphlet) The explosibility of 133 dusts was de termined at two concentrations, 100 and 500 milligrams of dust per liter of air. Printing Industry Accident and Health Hazards in the Printing Trade. How to Pre vent Them, By R. Randolph Karch. Published by the Author, Arsenal Junior High School, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1935. Price 23c. (Pamphlet) "Presented in both text and outline form for easy reading and study, cover ing the major accidents and health haz- (Please turn to page 58) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 33 Industrial Health A Non-Technical Symposium for Physicians and Laymen T Unseen Dangers During the first three years the law was in force the average annual losses incurred amounted to $1,183,814. In the three-year period preceding the 1931 By C. E. BLEICHER General Muster Mechanic. Dodge Brothers Corporation HE inception of Workmen's Com Tpensation laws brought added ex pense to the cost of manufacturing but the more progressive plants were quick to start on a.program of safety. However, as employees could not be made safety minded by passing laws or making rules, it was necessary to put on educational campaigns. The machinery manufacturers began to study their problem from a more serious angle than just putting a light guard over a chain of gears. A large number of safety devices for different types of machinery were introduced, and with the introduction of direct motor drives, the machines in themselves have been made fairly safe. In fact, a good job has been done and I am sure will continue to be done. About the same time, the tool and die designer be gan to think in terms of safety. There is still a lot to be done by the plant engineer and the plant supervision, for i matter how safe the machi: e is, or how well the tools are protected, there will be accidents if the operators' are not given sufficient room to do their work. Some of our most serious accidents come from the haphazard arrangement of machinery. Careless housekeeping, such as allow ing the floor to become covered with oil so that it becomes very slippery and the setting of stock boxes in the aisle or along the assembly line in disorderly fashion, is another source of numerous injuries. This is entirely a question of plant supervision and can be controlled. Up to this point, the safety engineer has done his work well but we are com ing into an era where it will be just as This article is based on a paper pre pared by Mr. Bieicher and read by George P. Everson of the General Master Mechan ic's Division. Chrysler Corporation, before the Detroit Industrial Safety Council. necessary to protect a workman's health as it is to protect his body from physical injury. Let me present an example of what is happening in the way of changes to the Workman's Compensation Law. (Quoted from Industrial Medicine, Oc tober, 1932.) The effect of repeated changes in compensa tion laws is apparent only when their cumula tive experiences are studied. As an example, the Ohio law is summarized below: 1911. Enacted; 1912--Became effective. 1914. Death benefit increased, permanent partial disabilities scheduled, maximum bene fits for temporary total and temporary partial disabilities increased. 1917. Medical service maximum increased, permanent partial in addition to temporary total compensation payable. 1918. Death benefit increased. 1919. Temporary total rate of benefit in creased; partial loss of eye considered as per manent partial. 1921. Permanent total benefit rate increased; temporary partial and permanent or partial rate increased; compensation for facial disfigure ment established (at a maximum of $3,750); occupational disease law became effective. - 1924. Death benefit increased; all disability benefit rates increased; additional award in cases of violation of safety requirements. 1925. State department of Safety & Hygiene established. 1931. Maximum benefit for temporary par tial increased; benefit for specific permanent partial increased; funeral expense benefit in creased; other occupational diseases added. Legislative Trends This brief summary includes major changes only. But those are sufficient to indicate the trend of legislation. What such changes do to cost is reflected in the losses experienced under the act. Since Ohio operates a monopolistic state fund, the loss experience of that fund is sufficiently inclusive to indicate, the total cost of changes. revisions the average annual losses in curred amounted to $14,472,079, an in crease of 1220 per cent. That Ohio experience is indicative of the experience of other states is shown by an analysis of the changes as in com pensation laws brought about in the legislative sessions of 1931. In that year the laws were changed in 33 states and three territories. The Vital Problem of Health Following is a quotation from an ar ticle (Occupational Diseases) written by A. D. Lazenby, M.D., F.A.C.S., chief surgeon of the Maryland Casualty Com pany of Baltimore: "There is no more vital problem con fronting the industrial employer today than the conservation of the health of his working force. This thought is not to be associated alone with the specific haz ards of manufacturing methods, but re lates even more definitely to the physi cal efficiency of his employees, their workmanship and attendance. Absen teeism, labor turnover, work spoilage, and diminished output are all factors which bear heavily upon production costs. They bear much more heavily than the average employer can be made to believe, because their influence can not be entered as a red item in the ledger. "As a reasonable man, however, howcan the average employer fail to appreci ate the cost of work spoilage, impaired output, inaccuracy and of accidental in jury resulting from the efforts of the worker with tortured eyesight? How can the owner of a fleet of trucks fail to comprehend that the cost of accident , caused by his one-eyed chauffeur must come directly out of his profits? How can the salesman with an abnormal blood pressure, and a chronic headache, properly extol the merits of the article he is merchandising? Can one properly criticize the salesgirl who is discourteous to her customer when she is in a state of physical exhaustion through the poor MARCH, 1936 34 ventilation and illumination of her working environment? . "Industry, as the years advance, is coming more and more to regard as sig nificant those flesh-made machines we call men. Workmen's compensation legislation, which brought home in a financial way the realization that human wreckage was quite as much a matter of production cost as machine wreckage, has done much to foster the interest which is now becoming more and more manifest toward the worker. Self-inter est must motivate industry in its con stant progress toward a tangible mani festation of its concern for the physical well-being of its employees. This is as it should be. The American does not seek paternalism, nor does he want something for nothing. There is, more over, no more compelling drive than the need to help oneself, whether one be an individual or an industry. "In considering the relationship ex isting between industry and the health of its workers, one must realize the com munity of interest that exists. Neither capital nor labor stand to lose anything, but each to gain greatly by cooperative efforts leading to health conservation activities, proper ventilation, illumina tion. and the creation of a proper and healthful working environment. "And now, with the threat presented by the increasing recognition of occupa tional disease, and the fertile field for illegitimate claim practice that accom panies it, the employer must be on the alert. Eventually he is going to be called upon to pay, in one form or another, for the ravages of the diseases of occupation, and the bill is likely to be staggering. Certain it is, the employer must look well to the health of his employees, to the suitability of their working environ ment, to adjustments in his manufactur ing processes, perhaps to his advantage, if he wishes to avoid the devastating cost of the specific diseases that his fac tory may produce. Thus may he mini mize his financial losses, and at the same time gain those intangible benefits ac cruing through health conservation that he cannot see in his annual financial statement." Among the health hazards to be found in industrial plants are dusts, gases, vapors, noises, high temperatures, chemical rays, abnormal posture require ments, poisonous chemicals. It is along these lines that a marked need exists for the extension of safety activities. The worker who has been killed through the toxic action of benzol vapors is just as dead as though he had ARMCO Trophy Awarded C. H. Murray, (right) assistant to the president of the American Rolling Mill Com pany, presents the ARMCO safety trophy to George Bayer, superintendent. Wheel Works department, Butler Division. HPHE ARMCO Iron Man, bronze safe ty trophy, awarded annually to that group in the operating divisions of The American Rolling Mill Company which has had the lowest major accident fre quency record during the past year, was presented to the Wheel Works depart ment of the Butler, Pennsylvania, plant on January 13, 1936. The Wheel Works Group won the trophy for the 1935 period by having a clear record of no major accidents. In a letter of congratulation addressed to the winning group, Charles R. Hook, president of the company, stated: "Twenty - seven groups competed dur- ing the contest year, and the Butler Wheel Works group was the only one which finished with a perfect record. Such a record could only have been made through team work and cooperation. A good many years ago I came to realize that good safety records and good work manship go hand in hand." The presentation was made by C. H. Murray, assistant to the president. The ARMCO Iron Man is the work of that well-known sculptor, the late Clement J. Bamhorn of Cincinnati. In scribed on the base of the trophy are these words: "The Straight-Thinking Man Respects Safety." been struck by a crane. The worker who is completely paralyzed as a result of the action of manganese is just as dis abled as though his paralysis was due to cutting of the nervous system in an in jury from falling down an elevator shaft. His wife and children are confronted with the same needs as to provisions of food, paying of rent and obtaining of clothing, so that, from the point of view of the worker, no difference is likely to exist. At the present time, in most states, consideration given to a worker darn aged in an occupational injury is mark edly different to that accorded the work er damaged in industry by an occupa tional disease or some sanitary hazard. One example will clarify this situation: Let it be assumed that a worker loses an arm as a result of having been caught in some machine. At once he is extended the best of hospital and surgical care without cost to himself or his family. Provisions are made for prompt compen sation on a weekly basis, or at times in a lump sum. On recovery, this damaged (Please turn to page 48) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 35 Just Average Drivers These 21 "average motorists'* who drove six "average automobiles'* the equivalent of 24 times around the world without accident. But they completed the equivalent of sixty years of safe motoring HOULD any motorist drive for sixty S years under average motoring con ditions with no worse mishap than the loss of a rear fender he would feel entitled to a gold medal. But 21 amateur drivers recently amassed this total. They finished 60 years of average motoring, 600,000 miles of safe driving. Night and day, six days a week for five months, these men drove their cars so carefully that their experiences are a graphic proof of what could be done if all motorists would exercise the same care. These 21 men were amateur drivers. Their ages ranged from nineteen to 48, and among them were clerks, a golf pro fessional, a fisherman, a haberdasher, and an electrician. This five - months motoring test was not arranged primarily as a safety dem onstration. It was planned by the At lantic Refining Company as a climax of four years' laboratory experimenting to develop a high film strength oil for mod ern high-compression motors. This prac tical road test not only showed what could be expected of the oil under actual driving conditions, but it also produced valuable lessons in safe driving. An 80-mile course was laid out, ex tending two miles north of Toms River, X. J.. to Medford and back. John Helwig, of the Atlantic Refining Company, went over the route three times to study the. traffic problems involved. He con sulted the town officials and set speed limits to suit local requirements. He then tried each turn on the course at varied speeds and, when he found what he considered a safe limit for each turn, set the top limit for the test at ten miles an hour less. For the test, six cars in the lower priced group were purchased from local distributors--two Chevrolets, two Plymouths and two Fords. Of the 21 men Typical tachograph record of a test car. Each car was equipped with a tachograph, essentially a clock and re cording speedometer which provides a complete automatic record of the action of the car. The numbers on the outside circles give the hours of the day divided into five minute peri ods. The concentric circles between the heavy black line and the outer rim show speeds from 15 to 60 miles an hour. The wavy line shows the action of the car. selected, none had had professional driv ing experience, and the company tried to make the group as representative of the driving public as possible. The oldest of the drivers, who was 48 years old, had never before driven a car 40 miles an hour. When he learned that he was expected to average 40 miles an hour for eight hours a day, he was rather doubtful about the job. Strict driving regulations were laid down by Willard Lord, safety engineer for the Atlantic Refining Company and author of numerous articles on motoring safety, and after thorough instructions, the six cars started out on June 3 on their 600,000-mile run. A tachograph automatically registered each car's exact speed at every moment, from the time it left the test space until it completed the 80-mile tour. The drivers were required to complete each tour in not more than one minute under or over two hours. If they operated at excessive speeds and later slowed down, the tachographs showed the variations. When the record of each car was checked at the close of the test, it was shown that none of these men had gone faster than 46 miles an hour. The drivers were under strict instruc tions to be courteous in every way and to give all possible aid to motorists in trouble. About every other night, a driver would have to stop and help with a flat tire or repair a carburetor. One driver who encountered a severe motor cycle accident involving two men ad ministered first aid, hailed a passing car and sent the injured men to the hospital. These courtesies, however, seldom threw MARCH. 1936 36 rules. These rules, which closely approxi mate most traffic ordinances, included: 1. No liquor. 2. No speed greater than permitted by tramc. 3. Top speed of 50 miles an hour. 4. Strict observance of all highway safety signs and white lines; slower speed going down hill; not more than 30 miles'hm hour around open curves, no faster than 20 miles through towns; complete stop before crossing railroad tracks and busy intersections; keeping at a dis tance of at least 75 feet from the car in front. 5. Certainty that the road was safe in front and in rear before passing another car. 6. Courtesy with headlights. \ Each driver was impressed with this advice: Test conditions must always be secondary to safety. Despite the remarkable safety record which these drivers set, scientific ex aminations conducted by an insurance company proved that they were just average drivers in their reactions. They proved to be no quicker than the aver age--and in some cases they were notice Scientific tests proved that the drivers in the "Atlantic Refining Company's road tests possessed no unusual ability. In the above illustration, a driver is being tested for re action speed on the reactometer developed by the Yale University research laboratory. ably slower--in their eye, ear and nerve reactions to traffic signals and other highway conditions. The condition of the cars was an im portant factor in making the safety schedules off more than two or three minutes, and these were made up out of the drivers' frequent rest periods. The entire schedule was planned to give each driver the widest possible ex perience. Every six weeks each man completed a cycle during which he had driven, all of the six cars at every hour of the day and night. The daily schedule was: Drive two hours, rest ten minutes; drive two hours, rest thirty minutes: drive two hours, rest ten minutes; drive two hours, go off duty. Each day he will meet during a life-time of motor ing. The route was through towns and open country, over grade crossings at busy sections, up and down steep hills, and around sharp curves. The drivers also ran into a variety of weather con ditions. While officials in charge of the test feel that final conclusions should not be drawn without a still more thorough study of the assembled data, they do believe that the test was successful be cause of rigid adherence to rigid safety record. The cars wore serviced regular ly, but they received no special treat ment. They were lubricated according to specifications oi the car manufacturer but received no maintenance beyond what was recommended for all cars by the Atlantic Refining Company. Two simple but important rules for every motorist may be drawn from this experience: 1. Drive with care that is based on courtesy. 2. Keep your car in perfect condition. reported for duty three hours later under an arrangement that allowed each car to go 5,000 miles every six-day week. Following the completion of the tests, an analysis was made of the drivers' ex periences on their long run. One of their findings indicates a possible danger spot for the motorist--at the start of driving. At this time, a driver is more comfort able and relaxed, and his reaction is somewhat slower than after he has been driving two to four hours. Later the motorist may be slightly fatigued, but he will usually react more quickly. The test also showed that: 1. Drivers react faster during the day than at night. 2. They are sluggish in hot weather and more alert in cool. 3. When a motorist eats a heavy substantial lunch during a long trip, he is not so quick at bringing his car to a stop as when he has eaten sparingly. The varied experiences of the tests were typical of the situations any driver Arthur L. Clayton had never driven as fast as 40 miles an hour in his pre-streamline Ford. But with a modern car kept in perfect condition his driving performance was equal to the requirements of the test. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 37 After a thorough investigation of the evidence for and against at the close of the last period of acceptance, the Council on Pharmacy and Chem istry of the American Medical Association has again reaccepted (1935) MERCUROCHROME, H. W. & D. (Dibrom-oxymercuri-tluort.'Ceirt-fiodiuin) |rcs u S HT orr.l 2* SOLUTION [ H W to MAKOOrl | oniau oxtucrcuii flUOKSCM SODIUM | GENERAL ANTISEPTIC IFOR FIRST AIDl WESTCOTT & DUNNII^ Baltimore, md F^ROMPT care is important in preventing infected wounds. Even minor wounds may become infected when antiseptic treatment is delayed. (Dibrom-oxymercuri-fluorescein-sodium) is non-irritating and exerts bactericidal and bacteriostatic action in wounds. Industrial injuries are reported more promptly when Mercurochrome is the clinic, antiseptic, because treatment is not painful. Be prepared with Mercurochrome for the first aid care of all minor wounds. In more serious cases, a physician should be consulted. HYNSON, WESTCOTT & DUNNING, INC. MARCH, 1936 38 Carbon Bisulphide (Carbon Disulphide) industrial Data Sheet D-Chem. I A. Problem 1. What are the hazards of carbon bisulphide and what precautions are necessary in its use? B. Hazards 2. The principal hazards are those of explosion, fire and of poisoning by con tact with the liquid and by inhalation of the vapor. C. Discussion 3. Carbon bisulphide in its normal state is a clear, practically colorless, highly volatile and flammable liquid. The chemically pure liquid has an odor similar to that of ether or chloroform. The commercial grade has an offensive odor like that of decaying cabbage. The liquid is about 25 per cent heavier than water. It boils at about 114 degrees F. and is slightly soluble in water, but mixes readily with many of the organic solvents such as alcohol, ether, and solu tions of phenol and chloroform. The vapor is approximately 2y2 times as heavy as air and tends to. collect in low places. It has a flash point varying from 40 degrees below to 4 degrees above zero F. The ignition temperature of the vapor ranges from 212 to 338 degrees F. Mixtures of air and carbon bisulphide vapor containing from I to 50 per cent of the vapor are explosive. The vapor burns with a blue flame and forms sul phur dioxide gas which is toxic to both animal and plant life. 4. Carbon bisulphide is found in a natural state in grains of black mustard. Industrially it is prepared by passing sulphur vapor over highly heated char coal in vertical iron or clay retorts, the vapor being introduced through a tube on the side of the retort. 5. Liquid carbon bisulphide is used as a solvent for extracting oils and fats; as a cleaner for removing grease; to some extent in rubber mills: in the manu facture of varnishes, artificial silk, and certain chemicals such as prussiate of potash and chloride of sulphur. The vapor is extensively used as a disinfec tant and insecticide. In small quantities carbon bisulphide is sold in tight tin cans: in large quantities (50 to 1,000 pounds or more) in steel drums or tank cars which must conform to the regula tions of the Interstate Commerce Com mission. Symptoms 6. Liquid carbon bisulphide on the skin, unless washed off immediately, dis solves the layer of fat on the surface and causes skin irritation. Contact of it with the mucous membranes results in intense congestion. A drop splashed into the eye is sufficient to cause in flammation of the eye and eyelids. The inhalation of carbon bisulphide vapor causes both acute and chronic poison ing. Acute poisoning follows exposure to high concentrations (above 322 parts per million parts of air) for a short period of time. The chief symptoms in such cases are weak pulse, paleness, headache, throbbing of temples, pains in the back of the neck, radiating through the temples and forehead, palpi tations. fainting, drowsiness, digestive disturbances, particularly nausea, re peated vomiting and sometimes diarrhea, weakness in the legs, fatigue, unsteady gait, impulsive acts or mania. There also may be hallucination of sight, hear ing, taste and smell. The breath has a foul odor of sulphides. Death may fol low a convulsion or occur during coma. 7. Chronic symptoms are due to in halation of small quantities of the vapor over a period of time ranging from a few weeks or months to a year or more. The first symptoms usually are nausea, tremor, numbness, indigestion, headache and giddiness, sometimes accompanied by emotional activities which may be hysterical or which resemble delirium tremens. There also may be muscular weakness of the face or forearms and of the lower limbs with unsteady gait and disturbances of vision, hearing, taste and smell. As the effects become more pro nounced, there is difficulty in breathing. Finally the affected person may become paralyzed, bed - ridden and unable to feed himself. Recovery in advanced cases may occur after removal of the affected person from the toxic vapors but may not occur for a year or more. However, if paralysis has taken place, the result may be permanent disable ment. First Aid 8. In case of poisoning by carbon bisulphide vapor, the affected person should be removed promptly from the toxic atmosphere and, if unconscious, the prone pressure method of resuscita tion should be started at once. In all cases, the services of a physician should be secured without delay. Precautions 9. All lights, matches, open flames or any flame or heat producing device should be kept away from parts of the plant where carbon bisulphide is stored or used. Even steam coils should be prohibited because of the low ignition temperature of the material. 10. No smoking should be permitted in or about any place where carbon bi sulphide is used or stored. Clearly legible signs calling attention to this prohibition should be posted in conspicuous places about the plant. 11. All carbon bisulphide containers should be plainly marked with the words. "Flammable Liquid, Keep Fires and Open Flames Away." 12. All artificial illumination should be by means of electric incandescent lamps encased in vapor-tight globes. 13. All electric wiring should be in conduit and all electric equipment in stalled and operated in strict accordance with the "Regulations of the National Board of Fire Underwriters for Electric Wiring and Apparatus as Recommended by the National Fire Protection Associa tion." 14. In case of fire it is best to use foam, sand or carbon dioxide extinguish ers. A hose stream should not be used because it scatters the burning liquid and may spread the flames. 15. Carbon bisulphide should be un loaded from tank cars to storage tanks by water displacement and not by com pressed air. The use of air may develop explosive mixtures in both the tank car and the storage tanks. All equipment should be electrically grounded to pre vent static electricity accumulations. (Please turn to page 48) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 39 MARCH, 1936 40 The Bulletin Board A page for those who maintain the Show Windows of Safety ----------------------------------Conducted by STAN KERSHAW----------------------------------- Bring Out the Broom! on the buildings and structure in the immediate vicinity will often help attract HERE are two very logical and Timportant things to think about in connection with safety bulletin attention. White lines can be used effec tively to mark off the aisle spaces lead ing to indoor boards, and a good way to boards at this time of the year. Thereymind people to look at outdoor ones are: (1) how to make the most of the is to paint large white footprints on the bulletin board displays to stimulate pavement. interest in clean-up and paint-up work; and (2) what to do about cleaning up the bulletin boards themselves and mak ing them attractive. How about your supply of posters, plant accident stories, snap shots and clippings with which to put over the clean-up campaign? A review of the Perhaps it would be wise to reverse plant accident records should provide the order of these two jobs, for it would some good material for interesting mes hardly seem right to undertake a publici sages. Snap shots of existing bad house ty campaign, in an effort to bring about keeping conditions, without captions, are good housekeeping, on bulletin boards useful in correcting those conditions. that need a touch of housekeeping them Clippings from articles on the value of selves. good housekeeping also make interesting There is still a little time to prepare reading matter on the bulletin boards. for launching a clean-up campaign. Why Such items, however, should be brief. not overhaul the bulletin boards and relocate them if a study indicates that they are not in the best possible posi tion? Perhaps it will be found that more stationary boards could be used to good Novelty Gives Life To Bulletin Board advantage and that the addition of a few portable ones would facilitate the job of placing posters where they will command attention. A discarded gasoline pump globe lettered in green enamel, and a flicker button in the light socket, give novelty It's surprising what can be done with a little fresh paint, lacquer or varnish. Have you thought of giving your bulle tin boards a finish similar to that given automobiles? It makes a good looking weather-proof job and can be kept bright by polishing and applying wax occasion ally. A complete change in the color scheme will advertise the renovating job to good advantage and make the boards sparkle with new life. A new supply of background boards and materials to replace the old worn ones will help too. And don't forget that electric light globes become dim with age and should be renewed occasionally. Maybe it will be possible to dress up the space around each bulletin board. There is usually someone in the plant whose love of nature will make him will ing to plant a few shrubs or flowers and to this bulletin board. The two panels of the board are made of Masonite: the blackboard is pressed Masonite treated with several coats of liquid slate, and the poster board is porous Masonite covered with aluminum paint. Both panels are held in place with clips, so that they may be taken off the board and moved to another work place if de sired. This bulletin board was devised by landscape the site of an outdoor board the Lone Star Cement Company New if conditions permit. A little fresh paint York, Inc. And posters should be used, of course. The following list of available posters will assist you in making selections to complete your supply: No. 5491 Size Units Wording 9x12 inches 1 You Can Judge a Man by His 4694 5075 5443 2949 5249 5658-B 2887 4652 5297 4800 4775-B 4886 4472-B 4..^ 4567 5141 Workplace 9x12 inches 1 Only a Work bench, but-- 9x12 inches 1 A Breeding Place for Accidents 9x12 inches 1 Keep Your Work place Clean 9x12 inches 1 Wattamess 9x12 inches 1 Wotta Place 17x23 inches 4 Good Housekeep ing is Good Safety 9x12 inches 1 Cleaning Up is Part of the Job 9x12 inches 1 Be Orderly 9x12 inches 1 Is Your House keeping as Good as You Can Make It? 9x12 inches l --A Lot Better to Work in a Clean and Orderly Place 17x23 inches 4 Every Man a Clean Up Fan 9x12 inches 1 The Foundation of Safe and Pleas ant Work 17x23 inches 4 Good Housekeep ing is Part, of Your Job 9x12 Inches 1 Clean Up for Safety 9x12 inches 1 You Expect Your Wife to Keep Her Workplace Clean 9x12 inches l Sloppy Habits From the Scrap Book A bulletin board that is not read by more than IS or 20 per cent of the men, is bad advertising--wasteful, extrava gant and a missed opportunity. A bulle tin that is an ineffective advertising medium is expensive at any price. An efficient bulletin board system which reaches the greater majority of workers every day, keeps them interested and gives them the information they want is, in a sense, a daily current newspaper. It may be confidently expected to pay dividends. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS SAFETY LESSONS FROMNATUM "was daddy hurt much"? Rete Traffic Accidents 357.ZZ-194Q Save 58,000 Lives NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL BIG-TOUGH BUT HE TAKES NO CHANCES NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCt aaiKOTHjM -rrrrtv HALF-WAY measures Health is wealth Said someone wise Take care of your teeth And save your eyes NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL PREVENT ACCIDENTS NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL H' man clean-u? FAN; -a EVERY Hours. HISg^QQT oow^r ^0 HEY/ENYARCH.iNOAN-Wo, \^ NA- C N A V SAFETY COUNCIL OJA PEOPLE ARE KILLED BY t/^ACCIDENTS IN THE OS] DO NOT BE ONE OF THEM TODAY- -- sc NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL ls $ He landed right n^y NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL tr. BIG BAD BILL is Sweet William NOW K *** O N A L SAFETY COUNCI mam DO YOU TAKE GOOD CARE OF YOURSELF DO YOU a*? DO YOU as??? DO YOU !? 3 ? I ONAL SAFETY COUNCIl If you want to get the real meaninfi of safety IMAGINE YOURSELF WITHOUT EYES SA^E-v COUNCl NEtllilEltN ACCIDINI HOOK&fo YOU GRAB YOUVE EARNED NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL Wm*UV4W NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL WE'RE NEVER IN SUCH A HURRY THAT SPEED IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN YOUR SAFETY N A- : o N A U SAFETY COUNC' IT PREVENT*: Product mixtures, fires o**) Accidents LT I O N A L SAFETY COUNCIL ACCIDENTS NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL m A DOCTOR Your Hurry *gct Home may result in your NOT GETTING THERE 4 AT I O N A I SATCT'o COUNCIl Lets avoid the Grief andsuffering that follow accidents NATIONAL S A f C T V COUNCl =J ----------------1 IF ALL THE ACCIDENT VICTIMS COULD i BE MOVED OUT OF HOSPITALS AND j INTO SHOP WINDOWS THERE i WOULDN'T BE SO MANY ACCIDENTS ' rjtffAAM #OU can help to make working conditions safe by reporting unsafe conditions tht come to your Attention. Never wait for others to do it. Suggestions re always welcome. N AT I O N A L SAFETY COUNCIL OUR SAFETY RULES were made for your protection . . . Fail ure to observe them may not only result in personal injury, but will also make the offender liable to such disciplinary action as the offense may demand . . . NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL I laughed too when told to get first aid. I point with my left hand now ... My right is gone. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL IJECTS THAT ARE SLIPPERY HEAVY UNWIELDY NEED EXTRA CARE EXTRA SKILL and mat/be EXTRA HELP NATIONAL SAFE! COUNCIL before you start work Get your rest and sleep at night When you are tired your reactions are slow You may not be able to avoid accidents ATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL rrsLJ~u KILLERS NATIONAL SAFETY mi COUN C< LIFE SAVER Guardi art for yaw pia* taction. If you know of any that aro not *atiifactory, report them they can be chanyed, but whatever you do, don't remove them while ma chinery is in motion or leave them out of place after repairiny, oiltny or adjustiny machinery* `I NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL LOOSE CLOTHES AND A REVOLVING DRILL DIDTHIS NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL STOP I ALL LEAKS * JDF 1 FLAMMABLE ! LIQUIDS hey may cause 'serious fires and explosions NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL NEVERLET YOUR MIND AND YOUR FINGERS WORK SEPARATELY WISE MEN PROFIT BY THEIR. OWN EXPERIENCE - BUT THE WISEST MEN PROFIT ALSO BY THE EXPERIENCE OF OTHERS 55fey MIGHT BECOME __ PERMANENTLY NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL ^FELLOW WHO LAUGHS "SAFETY IS HEADED FOR AN ACCIDENT NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 'WOftSTAID > aresurer ways ofgetting youre NEVER TRUST EYES TO ANYONE BUT A DOCTOR NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL KEEP YOUR EYES /fc ROAD NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL Cracked callouses need first aid before infection sets in / NATIONAL SAFE* 48 Unseen Dangers (Continued, from page 34) worker is likely to be provided an arti ficial arm, and a new type of employ ment suited to his handicap. Although compensation never compensates, and although none of these alleviating measures ever adequately balance the loss of the arm, this worker is extended special consideration on account of his injury. Now, in contrast, let us consider the plight of an industrial worker who, through long years of exposure, develops cataracts in his eyes because of the ac tion of chemical rays emanating from molten metal. Perhaps twenty or thirty years of exposure may be necessary. During this time, this worker may have been employed in many establishments. At no time did any accident take place and perhaps no one day was responsible for the causation of this condition. Yet, in due time, this worker notices the failure of his eyesight, and he is no longer able to continue at work. His employer does not speedily place him in the hospital, no one brings a compensa tion check to him or to his family, no one associates his condition with his work as a direct cause, and yet in the long run his handicap may be as great, or greater than that of the previous worker who loses an arm. It is to this type of hazard, which may be multiplied scores of times, that much more consideration should be given in terms of protection than ever has been found in the industry, taken in its en tirety. One of the great handicaps to the procurement of protection against hy gienic hazards or occupational disease hazards in industry is due to their being little known to anyone, including the medical department. It is therefore necessary that we broaden ourselves as much as possible against these unseen hazards. In con nection with this, I would also like to suggest that such materials as lubricants, coolants, chemicals, cleaners, etc., be sent to the laboratory to be tested to make sure that they are not injurious to the skin before the wo'rkmen are allowed to use them. There are many other precautions, tests, and analyses in which we should broaden our field of investigation to pro tect our workmen against occupational diseases. We are on the threshold of a new scientific research into these causes that will give us more knowledge in the future. " No occasion exists for any letup in safety measures against mechanical in juries in the plant, on the street, or at home, but where the safety engineeer can do the most good today is by making a relentless drive against what fre might call the unseen dangers. Carbon Bisulphide (Continued from page 38) 16. Carbon bisulphide should be han dled and stored in strict accordance with "Regulations of the National Board of Fire Underwriters for the Installation of Containers for Storing and Handling Flammable Liquids" or "Flammable Liquids, Industrial Storage and Use" of the Associated Factory Mutual Fire In surance Companies. 17. Canister gas masks of a type ap proved by the United States Bureau of Mines should always be in readiness for use in case of emergency such as a leak or break in an open room. When it is necessary to enter a tank which has con tained carbon bisulphide, only a fresh air hose mask should be used. (See Note W.) 18. Carbon bisulphide fumes should be removed at point of origin by suitable ventilation or by a well designed exhaust system. (See Note X.) 19. Workers handling carbon bisul phide should be provided with splash proof goggles and with waterproof clothes, gloves and footwear and should be required to wear them. (See Note Y.) 20. All persons using or handling car bon bisulphide should be given thor ough physical examinations at regular intervals. (See Note Z.) N'ote \V: Gas masks of the canister type *)> not supply oxygen and should not he u*ed in atmospheres where the oxygen content is nss than 16 per cent. In case of doubt as to tinamount of oxygen in an atmosphere, it is best to use a fresh air hose mask. Abo see SaltPractices Pamph'et No. 64, "Respirators, (.as Masks, Hose Masks and Breathing Apparatus." Note X: Complete detailed information n exhaust and ventilat'on systems will be found in Safe Practices Pamphlets No. 32. "Exhaust Systems." and No. 37, "Industrial Ventilation." Note Y: Valuable information on workers' clothing will be found in Safe Practices Pam phlet No. 16, "Protective Clothing." inform ation on splash proof goggles will be found m Safe Practices Pamphlet No. 14, "Goggles." Note Z: Complete information on ph>M*ai examinations will be found in Health I tices Pamphlet No. 2, "Physical Examinoti-.us in Industry." National Safety Council, Inc. 20 North Wacker Drive Chicago, Illinois NATIONAL SAFETY Raytheon Trophies Make Impressive Display ClXCE the plant of the Raytheon Pro^ duction Corporation began operation in July, 1929. it has received numerous honors for safety. The awards in the )Q.evoLu.tioni-iei. OLD IDEAS ABOUT ST RE 49 IN above illustration are displayed prom inently at the plant. From January 26, 1930, to October 17,-1935, there were no disabling in juries in a total exposure of 7,243,532 man-hours, which is outstanding among the> many excellent records that have been established. The plant, which is located in Xewton^ Mass., manufactures radio tubes. Moral Support In Railroad Record T'HE Xational Safety Council's public safety drive, with a goal of 35 per cent reduction in traffic accidents by the end of 1940, is given its most recent bit of encouragement in an annual report filed by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company. In 1923 the railroad had 29 employee fatalities. Then came the railroads' cam paign for a 35 per cent reduction in employee fatalities over a seven - year period. By the end of 1930 the Atlantic Coast Line, reflecting the experience of all railroads which had taken part in the campaign, found that it had reduced employee fatalities not 35 per cent but in excess of 55 per cent. It is not surprising, then, that the campaign was continued even after the initial period had expired. And its effec tiveness has not waned in the past five years. Since 1931 employee fatalities have been held down to five each year. During the past year 1935, the death toll was cut to two. MARCH, 1936 SLING One ofthe most important chain achievements in industrial his tory! Tested under severe condi tions for over 3 years, the new HERC-ALLOY Heat Treated Steel Sling Chain has proved it selfa "double duty" chain in both strength and endurance. And, best of all, it cuts sling chain maintenance to a new low. Check through these HERC-ALLOY superiorities: CHAINS Heat Treated HERC-ALLOY through- Ooat the entire chain to five nurimnm uniform strength. Links are INSWELL ElectricWelded by a new process fully covered by patents. HERC-ALLOYHeatTreatedHooksgive maximum strength at these vital points. Short, narrow links reduce to a mini O mum the danger of bending or gouging when used around sharp corners. All Joiner Links are of Heat Treated HERC-ALLOY. Write for descriptive folder on this new extra-strength, low cost chain.' columbus mckinnon CHAIN CORPORATION General Sales Offices TONAWANDA, N. Y, HERC-ALLOY Heat Treated Steel Chain is manufac tured from a high grade alloy steel containing nickel and molybdenum. Heat Treated under the most modern pyrometer control by an exclusive process. *T'he result: an alloy combining ia the highest degree these requisites: ductility, extreme strength and resis tance to wear. 'Pallyned and built by COLUMBUS-McKINNON 50 NEW MACWHYTE SLING THIMBLES (Patent applied for) are both the SAME SIZE! . . . yet pass freely through each other. Easy loading on both Choker and Basket Hitches. Braided Sling Construction Gives Greater Flexibility Macwhyte ATLAS and DREW Slings have a patented braided body--made from endless elementsofwirerope. Extremely flexible. Unusually high safety factor. Write for descriptive folders. Macwhyte Company, Dept. NS.3,Kenoha, Wit. AO NO. 196 MACWHYTE WIRE ROPE ATLAS DREW MONARCH When the Whistle Blows at the Stockyards ETTING to and from work is not G the least of the hazards of em ployment. This problem seems to be a universal one, and it has been a matter of real concern to the packing companies in the stock yards district of Chicago. Of the main thoroughfares offering access to the packing plants, Ashland Avenue has'provided the most serious difficulties. Within the section bounded on the north by 41st Street and on the south by 45th, approximately 25,000 workers enter and leave the stock yards area each day, more than a majority of them using Ashland Avenue. Most of them are employed at the Swift, Wilson and Armour plants. The periods of heaviest traffic are 6:15 to 7:00 and 8:15 to 8:30 in the morning, and 2:30 to 3:00 and 4:30 to 5:00 in the afternoon. Ashland Avenue is a through street with car lines and a heavy volume of motor vehicle traffic. It carries a great deal of local and long distance truck ing, which has been increased in recent years by the use of motor transportation for incoming livestock and for the out going products of the packing plants. In addition to those who use the ele vated and surface lines, there are large numbeis of employees who use auto mobiles for transportation to and from work as well as for company business during the day. Swift & Company main tain a garage with a capacity of 600 cars, and 800 additional vehicles can be ac commodated on parking lots. Othe companies have provided accommoda tions for large numbers of employees' cars. For several years traffic conditions, particularly on Ashland Avenue, have been growing more and more serious. A few years ago street car loading plat forms were provided at the intersections. These are well lighted and conspicuously marked and substantially barricaded at each end. The risk, however, was be tween the loading platforms and the sidewalk. With comparatively light cross traffic, motorists on. Ashland Avenue seemed to have a through-street com plex. In 1932 the safety committee of the Swift and Company plant assembly urged the stationing of an officer at 41st and Ashland to control traffic. This committee, which had already made some notable achievements in safety within the plant, felt that Its responsi bilities did not stop when, the employees checked out at night. Studies were made of traffic conditions on public thorough fares near the plant, and these problems were discussed with' representatives of Wilson, Armour and other companies in the stock yards district. At 41st and Ashland the situation was particularly difficult. To the north of the intersection, Ashland Avenue sloped down to an underpass beneath a railroad viaduct. To the south the pavement had been widened, leaving a bottle-neck at the viaduct which could not be im proved immediately. The northeast cor ner stood out against oncoming traffic like the rock of Gibraltar. A car travel ing in the outer line had to swerve to the left with the ever-present possibility of having the right fender crumpled against the concrete or having the left side sideswiped by the car following alongside. One of the improvements brought about with the cooperation of the city was the cutting back of the northeast corner. While it was impossible to make the high concrete curb less unyielding, the hazard to northbound traffic was greatly reduced by rounding off the cor ner with a sweeping curve. It also per mitted vehicles entering Ashland Avenue from 41st Street to make the right turn with greater convenience and safety. Most of the old curbing in cities was laid without consideration for the turn ing radius of an automobile. At such turners it is difficult, if not impossible, to start the right turn from the lane next to the .curb and to complete the turn without swinging far from the curb of the street entered. Such turns add to both congestion and hazard. Reconstruc tion of curbings, similar to the Ashland Avenue project, is now under way at many other intersections in Chicago. Other improvements in the stock yards area have been the erection of signs and the painting of cross walks on the street pavements. The greatest improvement, however, was the installation of traffic control lights at 41st, 42nd and 4 trd streets. During 1934, six fatal accident- oc curred on Ashland Avenue between 41st and 45th Streets, one of the victims be ing a traffic officer on duty. Stmmi.ited by this unfavorable experience. : tis of the leading packing companies md NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 51 DEPENDABLE PROTECTION "Safco" Clothing is designed to give complete, adequate pro tection; made from high quality materials by expert workmen; built for long service and dependability. THE RESULT--Lowest Cost per Hour of Service! ' "SAFCO" CLOTHING INCLUDES THESE ITEMS: frank Aprons Armlets Enameler's Mittens Finger Cot?- Patented Aug. 25. 1925 Any Infringement will be prosecuted. Knee Lessings Hip Legging Belts Blankets Clothing Coats Gloves Goggles Hand Pads Hats Spats Curtains Wherever leggings are used you will find that FRANK LEGGINGS are re garded as outstanding on account of their high quality and long service. Helmets Leggings Masks Shoes Sleeves Spats This approval of thousands of work men in hundreds of plants is our best recommendation and your best guar Mittens Pants Sweat Bands Welding Protection antee of satisfaction. yOTE: "Frank" Leggings are accepted standards in nearly every state and by in surance companies. Write for Information and New Price List Respirators THE SAFETY CLOTHING COMPANY MANUFACTURERS 3804 Payne Ave. Cleveland, Ohio MODERN PRECAUTIONS FOR ELECTRICAL HAZARDS VERY industry has a multitude of Electrical haz E ards that should tje guarded with forceful warning signs. Serious injuries often occur thru carelessness and failure to think. Stonehouse Electrical Hazard Signs give powerful _ warning and practical safety instructions. They are in full color, dependable, long-lived. Furnished in 18, 20 or 30 gauge steel ... or hard vulcanized fibre where a non conductor sign is desired. Thousands of signs in stock for all general requirements . . . special signs made to order. Send for Stonehouse Catalog No. 4. It's free. rSigns since 1863** There'* a Stonehouse Ac cident Prevention Sim for every industrial pur pose. SIQN5.inc Manufacturers 9th at Larimer Denver, Colorado ACCIDENT PREVENTION Stee/m SIGNS IN STANDARD COLORS AND DESIGNS MARCH, 1936 52 l/m CANT SLIDE CARBORUNDUM NON-SKID LADDER SHOES Allsafe Carborundum grits, cast integral with light weight aluminum alloy feet, assure a Non-Skid grip on Wet, Icy, Oily, Rough or Smooth Iron, Steel Plate, Con crete, Tile and Wood Surfaces. No spikes to get dull and slip. No danger in carrying. Large bearing surface gives solid footing on soft ground. Attached to ladder with saddles, no holes to drill, no splitting of ladder rails. Rubber overshoes easily attached for use on pol ished floors. Low cost. Pits all ladders. Thou sands have been preventing acci dents for 8 years. Write for bulletin. Plt, Pendi,,r ALLSAFEAMERICAN COMPANY INC. Hurt* at Franklin Sts. Buffalo, N. Y. the city authorities joined their efforts to provide greater protection for em ployees and others exposed to serious hazards in this area. Early in 1935 traffic control lights were installed at the three intersections. During 1935 one person was killed in this area, the acci dent occurring at the 44th street inter section. At first many motorists were inclined to ignore the signals, but a number of them found to their sorrow that a red light really meant "stop." Through bulletin board publicity and the em ployee magazines, the three packing companies have stressed safety after working hours. New Principle in Tire Treads Col. Roscoe Turner, holder of trans continental flight records, and W. O'Neill, president of General Tire and Rubber Company, inspecting the new multi-vane tires. Prevents Skidding ever, that the new tire also had greatly OOKING over a pile of old worn-out increased non-skid ability. ' L truck tires one day, Herman Kraft, Car makers and brake manufacturers development engineer for the Generalhave estimated that the shortest distance Tire and Rubber Company, noticed thatthat a 3,500-pound car, traveling at 60 on the otherwise smooth surface of the miles an hour, can be stopped without worn-out tires there were rubber "fins," advance warning to the driver is 226 or long, knife-like protrusions of rubber feet. After the driver has been warned, that had not been worn off. the car travels 66 feet before he thinks Convinced that these rubber fins had to apply the brakes. After the brakes not been worn off the otherwise smooth have been applied, the car will travel at treads because they were flexible and least 160 feet before stopping com had folded under rather than resisted pletely. the wear of the highway surface, Kraft In several tests on a 3,500-pound car conceived the idea of a tire surface made traveling at 60 miles an hour, on wet up entirely of thin rubber ribs or vanes, pavement they stopped the cars at 120 which would be flexible and bend from feet from the point where the brakes side to side with the weight of the car. were applied, according to officials of the Kraft and his associates were trying General Tire and Rubber Company. to design a tire that would be easy rid In order to see what actually happens ing, with uniform tread wear and reason on the road surface when the brakes are ably good traction. They found, how- applied and the tires take hold of the highway, tests were conducted through heavy plate glass with the "multi-vane" tread tire. The tires were forced against the plate glass at a pressure of 1,025 pounds.. Then an effort was made to pull the tires forward, representing the momentum of the car when brakes were applied with the car in motion. Exam ination of the tread through the glass showed that the thin parallel ribs of rubber had taken on a serpentine shape at the point of greatest contact, and that this serpentine tread design actually formed an effective non-skid surface. This serpentine pattern enables the longitudinal rubber vanes to squirm into a squeegee action that wipes the pave ment dean of moisture to provide a sub --When the brakes are applied, the vanes of the tire squirm into a squeegee action, making it possible for adjacent vanes to grip a substan tially dry surface. The above photo graph was taken through plate glass three-fourths of an inch thick. stantially dry surface for the adjacent vanes to cling to. Other tests, it was reported, have shown that the multi-vane tread has re markable power in pulling itself out of sand or mud. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 53 LARGEST ORGANIZATION OF ITS KINO IN THE WORLD* '\ Branch** in 55 Principal Cities PROTECT YOUR WORKERS from the Menace of Oil Dermatitis \ ""WESCOL WESCOL ii a very powerful germicide, guaranteed to be 18.20 times as strong as carbolic acid. Because of its very high coefficient, WESCOL is an effective and economical disinfectant to use where a powerful germicide is required, and one that will not change the nature of the material in which it is used. WESCOL used in cutting oils and compounds keeps the mate rial sterile and safeguards the workers against the menace of Oil Dermatitis. OIL DERMATITIS is caused by pus germs carried into the pores, hair follicles and abrasions of the workers' skins by cutting oils and cutting compounds. Even germ-free cutting oil becomes infected during use. Factories have had epidemics of Oil Dermatitis in which almost the entire force has become infected. The disease is a serious one, which may lead to blood poisoning and amputation. It is covered by compensation laws in many states. One pint of WESCOL to 50 gallons of cutting oil or cutting compound will keep the material sterile without injuring its cooling properties. Send for our Special Booklet on WESCOL Seiteh Safeh ... RESPIRATORS urith t/ta. ?/upi*uz$ DOUBLE FILTER CHAMBER R E C. U.S. PATENT OFF. BULB VALVE TYPE NO. 4 This DUPOR respirator has a clear entrance filter aperture of 71/2 sq. in. It uses special felt filter pads 5/16" thick. Extra pads 4c each. The exhalation valve takes care of moisture and enables easier breathing. Made in soft, high grade rubber with face doth. Foldable and revers ible. The DUPOR Respirator No. 16 has a much enlarged area of the filter chambers with the screw cap threaded clear over the edge thus saving much space; and has a THUMB REST on the side (patent applied for) making possible this light weight construction. Total weight only 5 ounces. This new inven tion makes possible a superior respirator that provides a large filter area, as small dead air space as possible, tow breathing resistance and comfort. Write today for additional information! THOUSANDS OF DUPOR RESPIRATORS MOW IN USE Used for all kinds of dusts, smoke, light fumes, vapors and paint spray that are free from harmful gases. BASIC PATENT NO. 2,000,064 DETAIL PATENTS PENDING AND ALLOWED BULB VALVE TYPE NO. 16 This DUPOR has enlarged ad justable filter chambers of screw cap type and the very large ap erture of 16 sq. in. Extra Vi" thick pads 4c each. The ex halation valve takes care of moisture and enables easier breathing. Made of soft, high grade rubber with face doth. Foldable and reversible. Price $18.00 per do. Sample postpaid $1.50 CHIPPEWA-A MANUFACTURED ONLY BY H.5.COVER Price $24.00 per doz. Sample postpaid $2.00 SOUTH BEND, IND., U.S.A. MARCH, 1936 54 RECOMMEND SAFETY SHOES WHICH ARE FULLY TESTED H100--"BrownbUt Safetoe" Men's Black Elk Blacher, Puncture Proof Sole, Steel Box, Steel Shank, Flex-Dry Oak Sole, Leather Heel, Welt, Safetoe Last. 6-12, D, E 5-12. jfcfR. SAFETY ENGINEER! In your job you 1 can't afford to gamble with unknown safety factors . . . that's why we suggest that vou recommend Brownhift SAFETOE Shoes ... They are Fully Tested . . . with steel toecaps which have successfully passed the Rockwell Impact and Compression Tests made by an impartial laboratory. But further than that, Brownhfft SAFETOE Shoes also provide all these other important features: l. Utmost Comfort--ample toe clearance-- inside finished smooth -- no chafing or rubbing. Z'Finest Construction--every detail careful ly checked to provide strength and serv ice-leather where leather ought to be. 3+Rugged Dependability--selected materi als throughout, and with choice of three kinds of soles--Oak Bend Leather, fa mous Cord soles, and long-wearing com position. 4*Puncture-Proof Sole -- Model H-100 is made with flexible spring steel plate be tween insole and outsole. S- Types and Patterns--including oxfords and high shoes--distinct types to meet the demands of every industry and every worker. Write or wire for complete details on our special Industrial Plant sales plan. This will place you under no obligation whatsoever. GO'VGV^GVGV^ ST. LOUIS Safe from Shock (Continued from page iS) cord. The connecting cord is a 60 per cent para rubber insulated cord of the type used for extension Hghts. Over a four-year period this reduced .voltage has proved satisfactory and no cases of in jury by shock have been reported. The experience of the various plants of our company has shown the value of the following factors affecting safety: 1. Use of good material and equipment, es pecially wire and metal conduit. 2. Positive and dependable grounding of all motor frames, compensator and switch cases, distributing cabinets and conduit lines. 5. Installation of switches in the line side of all fuses in power circuits or the use of fusts of the dead front panel type so that fuse re placement can be made in safety. 4. Use of J2-volt portable extension Hghts when employees must enter any dosed vessel, such as a tank or boiler drum or shell. 5. Use of J2 volts for operating portable drills, saws, etc. Springfield Street Cars Do Their Part /COOPERATING with the Springfield, Massachusetts, Safety Council, the Springfield Street Railway Company has been doing its part in reminding the BROWN^iL! SAFETOE SHOES Close Hopper-Bottom Car Doors with EASE and SAFETY with the Prescott Safety loot This special tool will close hopperbottom car doors. Prevent smashed fingers, strained backs, ruptures and other serious injuries. Saves time--It inexpensive. The Trumbull Mfg. Co. Warren VV Ohio public by carrying safety dash posters on all cars. The posters bear the name of the Springfield Safety Council. Dur ing the last week of December the Coun cil's message to the motorists and pedes trians of Springfield was "Let Your New Year Resolution Be the Saving of a Human Life." NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Personals flltVICI/ R. H. Balensiet'er has resigned from the safety department of Armour & Co., Chicago, to become director of engineer ing inspection for the Hardware Mutual Casualty Company. Stevens Point, Wis consin. Mr. Balensiefer succeeds R. C. Salisbury who has been transferred to the Oshkosh office in charge of sales. Obituary ARTHUR BERQUIST Arthur Berquist, safety inspector at the Indiana Harbor Works of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, died February 14, following an illness of several months. He was 42 years old. Surviving are his widow, a daughter and a son. Mr. Berquist entered safety work with the Inland Steel Company in 1918 and in 1920 went with the Steel and Tube Company of America which later merged with the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company. No member of the Metals Section of the National Safety Council was more zealous than Art Berquist and his loss will be keenly felt, not only in the sec tion but also among safety men in the greater Chicago area where he was active in the work of the Chicago Safety Coun cil and the East Chicago Safety Forum. At the Louisville Congress in 1935 he was elected vice-chairman of the Metals Section, which he had served faithfully for more than a decade. EAST NEW YORK W.S, Wilson Corn. 123 Varidc St. PITTSBURGH Safety First Supply Co. Brady Building PHILADELPHIA J. A. Hunt Co. 2036 Sansome St. BRAINTREE, MASS. Ditea Sales Co. 108 President Road SOUTH CHATTANOOGA, C D. Gcnter Company Chattanooga Banitlllag. MID-WEST DETROIT C.H.DodcsOQ Company 2883 E. Grand Bird CHICAGO E. D. Bullard Company 215 South Leavitt Sc. GREEN BAY, WIS. Safety Service Company 108 No. Quincy Sc. DULUTH W. P. * R. S. Mara Co. 324 W. Michigan St. HOUSTON E. D. Ballard Company 1 Main Street WEST SAN FRANCISCO E. D. Bullard Company 275 Eighth Street LOS ANGELES E D. Bullard Company 1229 South Olive St. SALT LAKE CITY E. D. Bullard Company 1620 Yalccresc Avenue A ONE-PIECE MOLDED FACE PIECE Different in theory and design Wide Vision Triangular eyepieces, set close to the head, give clear vision and wide vision. Noae Snflni** Protects out -- for eomfort and easy r breathing. course noif AAiirr Tohf reoaucghh ,aenYse.tube tofatnhneedlowoever redtegee tenses to eliminate fogging. Low..e. red Breathi.ng Resistance a'i1r<,nctoy mifngfrei.snh. Extra-large exhalation valve (194 inches in diameter! makes respiration easy. Wearer can actually talk through this exhalation valve t Anatomically Molded SSSriSM This eliminates strap tension, not needed to secure a tight fit. Much more comfortable! Catalog describing the Ballard molded facepiece and th* complete line of Ballard gas masks will be sent on reguest. Masks mag be examined at any office listed. BULLARD 1 W. A. DEARBORN William A. Dearborn, director of safety for the Lumbermen's Mutual Casualty Company at the New York office, died February 3. He is survived by his widow and one daughter. Mr. Dearborn was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, May 4, 1880. After leav ing college he entered the engineering department of the Boston & Albany Railroad. In 1918 he became associated with the Federal Mutual Liability In surance Company as chief inspector and was later promoted to the position of MARCH, 1936 STEEL TOE * PLATER'S Wooden Sole - - * There are many places in industry where there is no substitute for nonconductive WOOD SOLES . . . These soles made over the REECE "PERFECT ROCKER" last and com bined with the new high improved STEEL TOES . . . provide com plete and comfortable . . . FOOT PROTECTION ... at a very low cost. Write today for catalog. REECE WOODEN SOLE SHOE CO., INC. Columbus, Nebraska SHOE 56 chief engineer. When the Federal be came affiliated with the Lumbermen'' Mutual Casualty Company he became assistant secretary in charge of the safety engineering department of the eastern and New England branches of affiliated companies. Later he wasAransferred to the New York office. .^ Mr. Dearborn had been a member of the American Society of Safety Engi neers -- Engineering Section, National Safety Council, since 1923, and had served on numerous safety cods com mittees. For many years he was actively identified with the Construction Section which he served as vice chairman and chairman of the Program and Engineer ing Committees. COMFORT, in an almost unbelievable degree, is afforded users of these remarkable new feather-weight goggles. The reasons . . . amazing fight weight, being made of Dowmefal--26% lighter than aluminum ... Individual right and left eye cups designed, after exhaustive survey, to really fit all faces . . . Simplest possible nose bridge adjustment permits accurate spacing of eye cups--varies with each individual . . . Unequaled visibility and ventilation . . . And a host of additional exclusive features. Literature upon request e C. H. DOCKSON CO., 2885 E. GRAND BLVD., DETROIT, MICH. For Visual Safety Departmental Bulletin Boards These handy, readily portable bulletin boards have a cork center that takes thumbtacks and pins easily. Bulletins, announcements, reports and departmental contests can be quickly brought to the attention of all employees. Inexpensive and long lived. Revolving Blackboards it is easy to illustrate the important points you want emphasized at your safety meetings when you have one of these blackboards. Furnished with a substantial standard on rollers. Blackboard revolves so both sides may be readily used. Write for descriptive folders. New York Silicate Book Slate Co. 20 Vey Street, New York City Foundrymen Organize Safety and Hygiene Section ITH a view of increasing the effec Wtiveness of the work carried on for a number of years by The American Foundrymen's Association, in plant safe ty, good housekeeping, and protection of foundry workers, the Board of Directors has authorized the formation of a Safety and Hygiene section. E. O. Jones, for many years associated with Belle City Malleable Iron and Racine Steel Casting Companies, Ra cine, Wis., and for the past three years Consultant of Industrial Relations Bu reau of the National Founders Associa tion, has been made Director of the Safety and Hygiene Section, and will have his office at the Association head quarters in Chicago. A plan has been arranged with the Saranac Laboratory of the Edward L. Trudeau Foundation for research and consulting service. Films Dramatize Driving Responsibility VIVID portrayal of the horrors of ' automobile accidents is being brought before millions of American theater-goers through a new series of motion pictures. Although the presenta tions are sponsored by retail advertisers interested in selling equipment and auto mobile insurance to motorists, the les sons of the films are just as compelling as if a disinterested person had produced the pictures. It is an acknowledged fact that a par ticularly vivid scene in the movies is long remembered. Reproducing a bad traffic crash, with all the sound effects NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 57 of the impact and shrieking ambulance sirens, injects stark realism into a re minder that good tires, good brakes and careful precaution are important. More than 950 dealers in safety equip ment are now employing this method of stirring the public to remedial action, according to the Alexander Film Com pany, of Colorado Springs, Colorado, which makes the films for general dis tribution among more than 5,500 con tracted theaters. While the dramatically-staged crashes hold the eye of the audience, a "ghost voice" announcer gives a ringing safety message in the newsreel style. Expert stunt drivers are employed by the Alexander Company to wreck several cars in depicting the dangers of thread bare tires, faulty brakes and failure to check up periodically on other vital fea tures of the automobile. The value of the films is accentuated by the fact that the theater draws a great deal of its patronage from the young people who are more prone than their elders to drive with unsafe equipment. Mine Two Million Tons Coal, No Fatal Accidents rpHE Northern Coal Mines of the Republic 'Steel Corporation, comprising an operation of six coal mines in the vicinity of Uniontown, Pal, produced more than 1,939,461 tons of coal during 1935 without a fatal accident. This is an outstanding performance, if not a world record, for the industry. In recognition of this splendid achievement the operating staff of the mines were enter tained at a Safety and Operating dinner on Saturday evening, January 18, at the Uniontown Country Club, Uniontown, Pa. Seventyfive persons were present. The speakers in cluded J. A. Voss, director of Industrial Re lations, and R. H. Ferguson, manager of Safety, Republic Steel Corporation, Cleveland; J. J. Forbes, supervising engineer, Safety Division, 1.J: S. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh; Mine In spectors G, S. McCaa, Richard Maize and F. W, Howarth of the Pennsylvania Department of Mines, and J. L. Hamilton, safety engineer for the Northern Coal Mines for Republic Steel. E. B. Winning, manager of the Uniontown op erations for Republic acted as toastmaster. Employing approximately 1500 men the Re public Mines not only eliminated fatal injuries to men during 1935 but also reduced the total number of lost time accidents 68 per cent. The operations completed the year with an ac cident frequency of 31.84 and an accident severity of 2.58 representing an outstanding experience in the Pennsylvania bituminous coal mining operations. The Republic Steel mining operations also heads the Pennsylvania Depart ment of Mines, Bituminous Division, in the number of tons of coal mined per fatal acci dent Russellton Mine experienced the best record of the mines in the Republic group with acci dent severity of .88. Superintendent Robert McVicker and his men were awarded a trophy in recognition of the work accomplished. WHAT SAFETY EQUIPMENT DO YOU NEED? GjOGGLES -- Over 75 types of welding goggles, chipping goggles, spectacles, smelters' glasses and other eye protective devices are found in the CESCO CATALOG. No file of industrial equipment is complete without this guide! SANDBLAST MASKS AND HELMETS Cesco's HEALTHGUARD SAND BLAST MASK is rated as being plus 99% efficient as a barrier to dust entry. Best equipment made for combating silicosis and other "dust" infections. Has also been used for repairing gas filled furnaces. DUST MASKS Cesco DUST MASKS and RESPIRATORS have a reputation for wearing comfort and efficiency. They are so designed that all exhaled air is released without building up resistance inside of face piece. Write for Cesco Catalog of Industrial Head and Eye Protective Equipment CHICAGO EYE SHIELD CO. 2323 Warren Blvd. Chicago, III. WAYS WITH Propellair Exhaust Fans pull out dust, fumes, vapors, smoke, heat, dead air--faster and at less cost. Propeilair Ventilating Fans assure healthful, comfortable and productive working conditions. For full description of oil PROPELLAIR FANS write today for our 40-pose CATALOG And they save you these 3 vrayst a> moderate: equipment cost (2) VERY LOW DEPRECIATION (3) LOW Ct'REEJfT COST FuUu Guaranteed. All PROPELLAIR Ratings Are Certified Ratings MARCH, 1936 58 The Safety Library (Continued from page 32) ards that are encountered bv workers in the printing trades, the results ol these hazards and suggestions for their prevention." --' SAFETY Guard Economy means providing good guards for all your machine hazards with a minimum of expense. This you can do by using H&K Guard Accessories. With this material you can assemble your own guards to your own specifications with your own em ployees. Further, you will be sure your machine hazards are protected as you want them protected. This means fewer accidental injuries and saves com pensation and medical costs and reduces insur ance premiums. It also means increased produc tion because your workers will not be slowed down by needless accidents. Write for H&K Guard information. All H&K Guard Accessories are under inspec tion service of Underwriters* Laboratories, Inc- Hjarrinqton & K\nq I Perforating I To. , 114 Liberty St. NEW YORK, N. Y. 5645 Fillmore St. CHICAGO, ILL. Safeguard Your Light Bulbs Against Theft Missing light bulbs may cause serious accidents. THE NEW MODEL L-35 MULTIPLE LAMPLOK insures lifelong maintenance of lamps. Stops lamp theft. Prevents loosening of light bulbs from vibration. Costs less than 2c per lamp by continuous use on lamp replacements. INTERLOCKING PRODUCTS CO. NO BREAKING OF GLASS 543 Fifth Are. New York NEW MODEL L-35 Pstanted Try 100 $15 Lamploks including fibre shields and tooL Sattifaetien Outran* tead or Monoy Refund'd PERIODICAL REFERENCES Dusts The Effect of Various Physical Factors on the Counting og Silica Dust Suspended in Water. By May Annetts and John D. Leitch. In Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology February, 1936, p. 98-103. ' The Mineralogical Composition of Air-Borne Foundry Dust. By Theo dore Hatch and Charles B. Moke. In Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxi cology, February, 1936, p. 91-97. Of great importance is the unavoid able conclusion that the determination of chemical and mineralogical composi tion of industrial dust without reference to particle size may lead to quite er roneous results. Silicosis as Affecting Mining Workmen and Operations. By D. Harrington. (V. S. Bureau of Mines l.C.6867) Free. Industrial Medicine How Industrial Medicine Aids in Management. By /l. IF. Schoenleber. In Personnel Journal, January-February, 1936, p. 297-302. The prevalence of medical depart ments, how they aid workers and save money, their relation to operating de partments, and exactly what they do is st forth by a leading authority. Industrial Poisons On .the Relation Between the Chemical Constitution and Phar macological Action of Phenylhydrazine Derivatives. By W. F. Von Oettingen and W. Deichmann-Gruebler. In Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, January, 1936, p. 1-16. Eleven phenylhydrazine compounds have been studied in regard to their toxicity on subcutaneous injection, their irritant effect on the skin, their anemiagemic action and their effect on blood pressure, respiration and blood at ele vated temperatures. The relation be tween those actions and the chemical constitution of the compound is dis cussed. Pathological Studies on the Or ganic Effects of Various Hydrazine NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 59 Derivatives. By W. C. Hueper. In Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxi cology, January, 1936, p. 17-36. Rats injected with lethal or slightly sublethal doses of several hydrazine derivatives, develop more or less severe degenerative lesions in various organs in addition to manifestations of vascular and circulating disturbances. The Relative Toxicity of Acetone, Methylalcohol and Their Mix tures. By R. M. Skltanskaya, F. E. Urieva and L. M. Mashbitz. In Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, February, 1936, p. 106-122. The Toxicity and Potential Dan gers of Ethylene Glycol. By F. H. Wiley, W. C. Hueper and W. F. Von Oettingen, In Journal of Industrial Hy giene and Toxicology, February, 1936, p. 123-126. Traffic Promoting Safe" Highway Traffic. By E. J. Reeder. In Better Roads, Janu ary, p. 33-35"Adequate design and proper safe guarding of the road must be supple mented by education of the public and enforcement of regulations." SHOES EQUIPPED WITH RAW-CORD $ole$ANDHeeh (fytwide Sale Jvvtintj H^m Accident prevention is possible to a very Urge extent in all lines of industry, if the workers shoes have RAW-CORD or GRO-CORD Soles and Heels on them. Recent statistics disclose the fact that one accident out of every five is caused by slipping. Therefore it is very obvious that if slipping is prevented, accidents can be reduced in pro portion. The CORD-ON-END construction of RAW-CORD and GRO-CORD Soles and Heels produces the Greatest NON-SLIP Wear. To prevent accidents among your employees see to it that they wear shoes equipped with NON-SLIP Soles and Heels. Shoes equipped with RAW-CORDS or GRO-CORDS can be secured without addi tional cost from local shoe dealers. Ask for them by name RAWCORD or GRO-CORD. Asked and Answered GRO~CORD and RAW-CORD soles and heels are used extensively in dairies, on farms, iron and steel foundries, railroad shops, auto fac tories, gas and electric plants, ice and fuel stations, stone quarries, mines, general warehouses--where Safety is an important factor, also street and office. The Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co., Dept. 7-F, Lima, O. RUBBER CEMENTS Folly Protected by Patents-Any Infringement* Will Be Proeecoted Question: Our purchasing agent has asked me aboi: the relative safety of rubber cements Have you formation on this subject? Ans"- ;.r: One of the foremost rubber chemis.a m the United States says that the per centage of benzol used in rubber cements varies from a few per cent to 100 per cent of the solvent used. He also says that when benzol is used, it usually comprises the entire quantity of the solvent. He adds that many types of rubber cements are still made with benzol as the principal solvent, although naphthas are be ing substituted more and more as people realize that benzol is poisonous. With the exception of. a few kinds of special cement, it is not necessary to use benzol; and where necessary, danger can be eliminated by proper handling and sufficient ventilation. A few years ago practically all rubber ce ments were made with benzol or coal tar naph tha. Today naphtha or gasolines are the usual solvents. SOCKETING WIRE ROPE New Orleans, La.--On page 60 of the January, 1936, issue of National Safety News, under the caption "Asked and Answer ed," I note a question concerning cable fasten ings in which information is requested as to KEEP machinery CLEAN -and you keep it SAFE--in better running order. THIS Blower drives dry air, free from oil, at terrific velocity but low pressure. Convertible to suction cleaner. 4 models. CLEMENTS --CADILLAC uSo BLOWER BLOW, SPRAY, dements SUCTION CLEAN:---Generators . Motors Control Boards The Most . Power Belt Lines Looms Useful . Milling Machinery Gins Toot in , Bake Ovens . Stock Bins Any Shop . Any Intricate Machinery CLEMENTS MFG. CO. Chicago. III. MARCH. 1936 1 60 Don't Forget the New Man Rfister*d U. S. Patent Office X800---This is an ideal general par. pose low priced work shoe. It is a black Retan Blueher, with Army Grid Sole, Oak Middle Sole, and Rubber Heel. Sizes 5-13 EE width. The new man on the job is anxious to make good. Some times he is over zealous and may encounter unfamiliar hazards. Help him be safe by giving him good equipment and good advice. Tell him about Lehigh Safety Shoes and how they will protect his feet. He will like to wear them, too, because they are comfortable, good-looking, durable and are equipped with the Improved Steel Box Safety Toe. If you aren't fully acquainted with the complete line of Lehigh Safety Shoes send for details and prices. There is a stock pattern to meet practically any need. LEHIGH SAFETY SHOE CO., INC.. 31 S. SEVENTH ST. ALLENTOWN, PA. BUHRiC Linemen's Safety Belts When a lineman is on the pole he shouldn't have to worry whether or not his "safety" Is safe. Use Buhrke Belts for Satisfaction and Safety The R. H. Buhrke Company pioneered in the development of safety belts and straps over 40 years ago, with the help of public utilitv engineers. The result was equipment that was designed right, built right and provided maximum safety. Improvements in design have been made from time to time but the same exacting specifications of material, hardware, inspection and workmanship have always been maintained. Write for catalogue - .. v NO. 1032 - 4 \ SAFETY BELT ' R. H. BUHRKE CO. ,, 4338 FulUrton Av*., Chlcaio III s*ty eouipment for' construction maintenance and the proper material to be used i,, soc. .. steel wire rope or cables. Because of lttTUn perience in applying all types of socket, T wire rope of various sizes, the followinT be of interest. maF First, it must be admitted that absolute curity up to and beyond the breaking strain^ the rope may be obtained by-splicing in not less than three tucks are to be made ove a heart-shaped thimble. The next means fe through socketing the wire, which is appli^j in many cases where an eye splice is not de sirable. Several years ago when the writer was employed in the Construction Department of the United States Navy at Mage Island Calif,, the question arose as to the proper ter minals for wire rope in the cargo handling apparatus of U. S. Navy colliers. It was de cided to socket the wire ropes, which were in all sizes from Vz inch to two inches in diameter Prior to proceeding with the work, tests were made by taking a six foot sample of each size wire rope and socketing. Babbitt metal, pure zinc, and combinations of these materials were used. The samples were then tested both by hoisting weights equal to the breaking strain of the wire for the smaller diameters and by use of an anchor chain testing machine for the larger diameters. In each case the wire either pulled out of the socket or strands of the wire parted immediately above the neck of the socket. It was noted that pure zinc held under greater stress than the other metals. Further investigation indicated that the reason for the failure of some of the strands of wire was due to the fact that the center axis of the wire did not exactly conform to the center axis of the taper opening in the socket, thus placing undue strain on one or more of the wire strands. We then tried the experiment of back splic ing the wire rope on the smaller sizes, using but one tuck in the splice, and on the larger sizes the strands were halved and finished with two tucks. The socket was then drawn up over the back splice and pure zinc poured in to fill the voids. In testing all sizes of wire rope where the back splice was used, it was found that the wire ultimately carried away above the socket, leaving that portion within the socket intact. In other words, the wire was stressed to destruction without disturbing the terminal. Consequently, this method was adopted in rigging the cargo-handling gear on the colliers in question, and to the best of my knowledge the scheme has been followed since that time on both standing and running rigging. On account of the large number of cuts and scratches sustained by both seamen and long shoremen in handling the cargo whips on the ships of the Lykes Bros.-Ripley fleet where all whips were eye spliced at the cargo end, we adopted closed sockets as a means of preventing injury. Where the %-inch wire rope was se cured to sockets by means of zinc, the strands of wire invariably carried away immediately above the neck of sockets, thereby rendering the cargo whip very unsafe. We then adopted the scheme of back splicing the rope, drawing into the tapered opening of the sockets and then filling the voids with pure zinc. Since that time they have worked very satisfactorily, hand in juries have been eliminated and we have no record of any failure insofar as wire and sockets are concerned. F, E. Ames, Manager Safety Department, Lyiet Bros.Ripley Steamship Co., Inc. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS More Hours Worked (Continued from page 16) nine manufacturing units and 12 assem bly units, last year had a composite im provement of 47 per cent in their reduc tion of accidents compared to 1934. So successful were results, that M. E. Coyle, president and general manager of Chev rolet, has ordered the same efforts con tinued in 1936. Chevrolet officials based their contest on the grouping of two teams--manu facturing and assembly operations -- competing over six months' periods, and gave dinners to the supervisory force of the plant of each team having the best safety records in the half year intervals. Dinners were held at Norwood, Ohio, Detroit, and Bloomfield, New Jersey, at which time silver plaques were presented to the management by Chevrolet execu tives. The 22 Fisher Body plants approached safety from a slightly different angle, operating the "E. F. Fisher No-Accident Campaign" from May to October in clusive in 1935. At the conclusion of this contest, banners were awarded to the winning Fisher plants. These awards were made personally at the plants by E. F. Fisher, general manager of Fisher Body, following dinners for the super visory force. How well the Fisher Body division succeeded is shown by its record in 1935, a frequency rate of 5.30 and a severity rate of .674, both below the General Motors average. All other plants of General Motors, including Pontiac, Oldsmobile, Buick LaSalle, Cadillac, Frigidaire, accessory units and foundries were enlisted in the "Wilson No-Accident Campaign" during April, May and June of 1935, with banners going to evert' department in each plant that finished the contest with out an accident. At the conclusion of the campaign, 181 or 74 per cent of the departments created for the contest had perfect rec ords and won flags. Nine of the 26 plants enrolled had no accidents, repre senting 3,350,914 hours of work. Acci dents were reduced from 398 to 119, an improvement of 70 per cent, compared to 1934. To show his appreciation of this rec ord, Mr. Wilson personally visited every plant, made the awards to winning de partments at a dinner, and impressed the supervisory force with the necessity for safe plant operations. Prior to the contest, he had enlisted the aid of super visors in the campaign by asking them to sign pledge cards that thev would reduce MARCH, 1936 Do as Your Doctor Does TO PREVENT INFECTION in Cuts and Wounds-- USE A SWAB 61 Applying a Davis Swab --like the doctor's and always ready, easy to use. HE Davis Swab prevents infection-and Tminimizes your compensation --by utiliz ing the doctor's method of forcing the antiseptic into actual contact with qj] the exposed tissue. Merely crush one end and the antiseptic quickly saturates the cotton end, giving you a swab just like a doctor's. Use this swab end as a brush and you insure positive contact of the antiseptic with the entire cut or wound. Davis Swabs are filled with Isodine--the improved Iodine solution--and are avail able with other antiseptics too. A doctor uses a swab--cotton wound wooden applicator saturated with antiseptic. Use coupon to send for a free copy of "Bulletin on First Aid" DAVIS EQUIPMENT CO.,INC. Chicago, ill. New York City Houston, Tex. San Francisco and Los Angeles, Cal. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. 55 Van Dam Street, New York City Please send my copy of your Bulletin on First Aid to Name......... ............. ..... ................................ .. ... Address ................. ..... ................................. Vacuum is being used to handle all kinds of waste raw materials and dusts. Spencer Central Systems are moving thousands of pounds of soap dust, soap stone dust and tons of sand, every day With a single installation you can ac complish the following economies. 1. Reduce the health and fire hazards. 2. Remove waste materials of all kinds. 3. Save on ordinary floor cleaning costs. 4. Reclaim valuable waste materials. 5. Clean finished product and containers before shipment. 6. find a dozen ways to apply vacuum to special manufacturing operations in your plant. Let our engineers study your plant layout and your manufacturing processes. A single installation can often save its cost the first year. Spencer CENTRAL AND PORTABLE VACUUM CLEANING SYSTEMS THE SPENCER TURBINE COMPANY, HARTFORD, CONN. 62 accidents ,n their department* and co. operate wholeheartedly in the drive ^ entire contest shows the success possdrf! when an executive takes the timeTM duct a safety campaign and follows ^ progress closely. ls No analysis of the general Motor, safety program is possible without mention of the work of the General M< tors Institute in Flint, the corporation's training center, where safety is a vital part of the foremen training courses originating there, and in turn^ reaching into practically all of the plants. Nor would the story be complete without tribute to local plant management which, regardless of contests, continually makes the prevention of accidents the responsibility of everyone, and which constantly sees that hazards causing ac cidents are eliminated. \\ Even if dust is a necessary evil in many operations it can be definitely controlled. Blaw-Knox Dust Control is an imme diate and permanent remedy for dust troubles in your industry. Each problem is met with individually designed equipment manufactured under strict technical control. Blaw-Knox Dust Control has the individualism neces sary for the many and changing ; needs of American industry. f If your dust problem is large or small--hot or cold--dry or wet-- consult Blaw-Knox for prompt and economical solution. BLAW-KNOX COMPANY 2030 Farmer* Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. ~r- * V " B LAWKN O X DUST CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR INDUSTRY Also Bronzalun, FERALTJN/ )`Slip Treads \ Alumalun and Nicalun PREVENT ACCIDENTS ON STAIRS and FLOORS A hard metal matrix into which is cast an abrasive next in hardness to the diamond, assuring dura bility and anti-slip efficiency. Specify Feralun and Be Sure AMERICAN ABRASIVE METALS CO. Irvington, New Jersey Safety Lesson Salvaged from Wreck "PARLY in last December an auto^ mobile, stalled on a grade crossing of the Union Pacific Railroad, caused a costly wreck. The railroad's far-sighted safety department, however, salvaged something very much worth while -- a safety lesson which has been passed on to all public school superintendents in the territory served by the railroad be tween the Missouri River and the Pacific Coast, in the hope that the cause of safety education will be advanced. The railroad printed and distributed a special bulletin describing the acci dent in brief, telling how the automobile was driven off the planked crossing and became stalled between the tracks in front of an approaching freight train. Although no lives were lost, substantial damage and serious delays resulted. Since the crossing was guarded with standard signals, the accident could have been avoided with a modicum of care on the part of the driver, a woman of mature years, and a school teacher in the vicinity. Adding to the seriousness of the driver's offense was the fact that two children were passengers in the car. The bulletin pointed out that the teaching profession should be the nucleus of current public safety efforts, and that "the first essential in the success of a program of education designed to make a nation safety conscious is a constant observance of its lessons in practice as well as in precept by the teacher." Requests for additional copies of the bulletin indicate that the lesson is being taken to heart by the educators con tacted. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Safe till Tomorrow? (Continued from page 15) the chamber of commerce, luncheon clubs, and other civic groups in promot ing traffic safety, home safety and fire prevention. They should familiarize themselves with local and state laws and ordinances and set a standard for other citizens to follow by good example. Home Safety. The home, long con sidered a safe place, is now known to rank second only to the automobile in the number of fatalities reported each year. Therefore, employees should be encouraged to make home inspections for both accident and fire hazards. Where local organizations, such as the safety council and fire department, provide home inspection blanks, employees should cooperate by giving the requested information and by correcting unsafe conditions and unsafe practices. Contests for Employees' Children. It is often advisable to interest employees' families in the accident prevention pro gram. This can be accomplished by in augurating an essay contest on various phases of safety such as "How I got hurt and what I learned from the ex perience," or "How we prevent accidents in cur home." Some organizations have offered prizes for the best essays or best safety posters prepared by children. The awards are publicized in the local news papers and company publications. First Aid Contests. First aid contests have long been considered an important adjunct to industrial accident preven tion. They should be applied to home life as well. These competitions have a more far-reaching effect when all em ployees have an opportunity to partici pate. Each employee will then be fa miliar with the important things to do when someone is injured at home or out side the plant. These contests also en courage the keeping of adequate first aid supplies in the home. Worth Repeating T'HE Baltimore Safety Council is conA ducting its eleventh standard first aid training course with 130 persons repre senting 22 companies enrolled. This is the largest enrollment for this course in several years. The Council is also conducting its seventh series of Safety in Foremanship classes, with 1SS foremen and others in supervisory positions enrolled. MARCH, 1936 63 Ijct Oil BioieiilalU WHEREVER cutting oils or cutting compounds are used, there you will find Oil Dermatitis. The germ of this skin disease infects lubricants during use. When carried into abrasions of the worker's skin, it causes serious infections.. .lowers plant efficiency. Prevent Oil Dermatitis with Derma-San. Add 1 pint of Derma-San to 35 gallons of cutting lubri cant, and kill pus-forming germs before they attack your workers. Derma-San i* ideal for all general plant sanitation. Protect Your Worker's Feet With SANKEY FOOT GUARDS Smashed toes are costly. Avoid them. Sankey Foot Guards are made of 16-gauge steel, or Rigidlum, an aluminum alloy. Light in weight, comfortable to wear and permit free and easy movement of the feet. Built for strength--will withstand an impact of 300 foot pounds. Designed so floor or ground takes the force of the impact of falling objects. Write for Your Sample Today. ELLWOOD SAFETY APPLIANCE CO. ELLWOOD CITY. PENNSYLVANIA 64 Tragic Facts (Continued from page ijj Modern plants use modern equipment for cleaning purposes as well as for production work. Further, clean floors help you meet production schedules. Lincoln Twin Disc Floor Cleaning Machines have been constant* ly in use in some of the largest factories in the country for years. They cut cleaning time to a minimum and do a better job. A trial will convince and a trial can be arranged without any obligation. For safe, clean and healthy floors use a Lincoln. Write for complete in* formation today. LINGOLN-SCHLUETER Floor Machinery Co., Inc. 237 W. Grand Ave. Chicago, IIL \ 7Ae LINCOLN Twin Disc 7 * SCRUBS - WAXES -- POLISHES * TH E HANDIEST AND BEST AMPOULE ON THE MARKET With handy rubber screw cap, which prevents evaporation, leakage and deterioration. Thult-/lpla AMPOULE MULTIPLE" 0 APPLICATION FILLED ECONOMICAL With your choice of any of the following-- OIL of SALT Iodine Mercurochrome (H.W.D.) Methaphen Ferric Chloride Merthiolate Packed 2 cc in wood container 10 cc in cardboard sleeves SAFE--CONVENIENT These applicators are not only convenient and safe but are also economical. The solu* tion feeds direct to the wound through the smooth glass tip, thus avoiding the usual use of cotton that absorbs the solution causing considerable waste. A profitable item for Jobbers and First Aid Supply Houses. Write for Samples and Quotations C. A. MOSSO Laboratories, 215 So. Leavitt St., Chicago, III. from 1934 to 1935, while non-license states had an increase of over two per cent. Had all states shown, the reduc tion experienced by the defense law states about 1.000 lives would have%been saved in 1935. This relatively favorable showing 0f the license law states, it should be point ed out, is due partially to their more highly urban character, and to tfte effec tive safety influences, in addition to license laws, which are now operating in cities. ' Occupational Accidents 0CCUPATIONAL accidents in 1935 x~' resulted in approximately 16,500 deaths, 63,000 permanent disabilities, and 1,340,000 temporary injuries. These are increases of about 3 per cent over the comparable figures for 1934. Wage losses, medical expense, and the over head costs of insurance are estimated to be in the neighborhood of $620,000,000. Less than half as many persons are killed in occupational accidents today as was the case 25 years ago before the possibilities of accident prevention were recognized. The National Safety Coun cil recently estimated that during the years of organized industrial safety work, from 1913 to 1935, the lives of about 250,000 workers have been saved. This also represents a money saving of about $3,500,000,000 to these workers, the families dependent on them, and the general public. In plants reporting to the National Safety Council the industrial accident rate per million man - hours decreased about 10 per cent from 1934 to 1935. This is at least a tentative indication that the 3 per cent increase in the na tional accident total came from an in crease in employment rather than from a fundamentally worse accident exper ience. Home Accidents FjEATHS from home accidents occur^ ring in 1935 numbered about 31, 500. Permanent disabilities totaled ap proximately 140,000, and temporary dis abilities about 4,600,000. The wage losses, medical expense, and overhead costs of insurance were estimated at $580,000,000. Home fatalities in 1935 represent a reduction of nearly 9 per cent from the total of 34,500 in 1934. The dec rease comes largely from the fact that m 1015 the summer temperature was more near NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 65 Iy normal than in 1934, and that con sequently deaths from excessive heat-- the majority of which are classified as home accidents--were relatively few. This also means that the reduction in 19.35 fatal home accidents is principally in the age group 65 and over, where most of the excessive heat deaths oc curred in the previous year, in 1934 the most important class of child deaths was conflagrations, burns and explosions, and there is no evidence that the number of these fatalities decreased appreciably in 1935. ' Public Accidents (Not Motor Vehicle) TYeATHS during 1935 resulting from accidents occurring in public places, but not involving motor vehicles, are estimated at 17,500, the same as in 1934. The number of injuries terminating in permanent disability is placed at 60,000, and those involving temporary disability only at 2,040,000. The wage losses, medical expense, and overhead costs of insurance are believed to be about the same as in 1934, namely, $440,000,000. Fatal accidents in this classification were lessened by the general reduction in excessive heat deaths in 1935 as compared with 1934. This decrease-- amounting to about 300 fatalities--was more than offset, however, by the Florida hurricane disaster which killed more than 400. Railroad deaths were about the same as in 1934, and there was only a small decrease in airplane deaths. Steam Railroad Accidents INFORMATION on steam railroad ac cidents is available only for the first eight months of 1935. During that period the total number of deaths re corded by the Interstate Commerce Commission was 3,302, as compared with 3,272 in the same months of 1934. The increase shown is 0.9 per cent. Deaths of trespassers rose 1.0 per cent, while those of employees on duty de creased 1.1 per cent and fatalities to passengers on trains and travelers not on trains dropped 26.9 per cent. Other non-trespasser deaths increased 2.1 per cent. The only classification where an in crease occurred in non-fatal injuries during 1935 was that of passengers and travelers not on trains. The advance amounted to 5 per cent. Non-fatal in juries to trespassers decreased 3.7 per cent and those among employees on duty 7.5 per cent. Other non-trespasser in juries numbered the same in each eightmonth period. At highway grade crossings, eight MARCH, 1936 RELIEVE the PAIN of a Fracture or Break! You can reduce the suffering of a victim "with a broken or fractured leg by the use cf an Emergency Traction splint. Traction relieves the strain and tri angular bandages form a comfortable cradle which eliminates the chance of a fracture compounding. Being made of wood, X-Ray is possible without removing splint. DAVIS CO., INC. Chicago, III. New York City Houston, Tex. San Francisco and Los Angeles, Cal. Send for further details to Davis Emergency Equipment Co.r Ir 55 Van Dam Street, New York City Please send my copy of your Bul letin on Davis Traction Splint to Name_ INSURE PROTECTION By CONTROL DUST is a costly business partner. It works overtime . . . causing wear and corrosion of machinery and equipment. It soils products and spoils stocks. It is a health hazard. Why continue to pay these costly tributes to DUST when Pangborn engineers, with over thirty years Dust Collecting experience, can help you CONTROL THIS MENACE? We have solved Dust problems in both large and small plants. We can help you too. Write for information. IP^K1[DD$M WORLD'S LARGEST MANUFACTURERS OF BLAST CLEANING AND DUST COLLECTING EQUIPMENT PANGBORN CORPORATION .......................................................................... HAGERSTOWN. MARYLAND 66 Install --1--------- 1------------- JUNKIN NON-REPEAT months' deaths increased from <ki 1934 to 983 in 1935, and injuries from 2,611 to 2,695. * Aviation Accident* Triple-Interlock SAFETY GUARDS They pay for themselves out of accident compensation savings When you buy JUNKIN SAFETY GUARDS, you are buying protection, and thereby elimi nating the possibility of accidents which take a costly toll in compensation. Human hands have no spare parts. Why permit your press and shear operators to risk hands that cannot be replaced? Even com pensation never pays for such loss. JUNKIN SAFETY GUARDS--adaptable to all types of stamping presses, shears, etc., retain their safety features over the full range of work handled. Machines cannot be oper ated until the guard is entirely safe, or repeat an operation unless the guard has dropped to the "SAFETY" position. These and other features are fully described in literature which will be sent promptly on request. Write for it today. JUNKIN SAFETY APPLIANCE CO. | 930-936 West Hill Street Louisville, Ky. 1V04 snow 428 deaths in air trans portation, both civil and military. This was a slight decrease from the 1933 total of 434 but does not measure fully the improvement in accident experience be cause the amount of flying increased in 1934. '\ The only complete 1935 information is for scheduled flying in civil operations. The total number of fatalities was 29^ compared with 38 in 1934. There were 15 passengers killed, which, with an esti mated total of 328,000,000 passengermiles flown, indicates a death rate of 4.6 per 100,000,000 passenger miles. This was only half the 1934 rate of 9.3. For all occupants--employees as well as passengers--the death rate was 6.4 per 100,000,000 occupant miles, compared with 11.8 for 1934. During the first half of 1935 the oc cupant death rate for miscellaneous fly ing operations was 150.4. This is a re duction of nearly 30 per cent from the comparable 1934 rate of 213.4. Fire Losses Give that Snake Bite Victim a Better Chance to Live! The DAVIS UNBREAKABLE SYRINGE is always "on the job" to suck the venom from the fang holes. A ryringe of fragile material which broke" when dropped on a rock might be the indirect cause" of the loss of life. This is one of the "essential details" which make Davis Safety Products of greater usefulness. Use Davis Snake Bite Packets with Unbreakable Syringe Send for your copy of Snako Bit* Bulletin No. t25 Unbreakable DAVIS Syringe Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. 55 Van Dam Street, New York City Please send my copy of your Snake Bite Bulletin No. 125 to DAVIS Iqu1?M6NT CO., INC. 55 Van Dam Straat Nw York City NameAddressCity____ PROPERTY damage from fire in 1935 totaled approximately $259,000,000, according to information supplied by the National Board of Fire Under writers. This is a drop of 4.8 per cent from the comparable figure for 1934, and is the lowest annual total since 1916. The latest figure on deaths from burns and conflagrations, covering 1934, is a 261. This total includes deaths from "trical burns and boiling water, but excludes deaths due to suffocation by smoke. The 1934 total exceeds those of the previous three years but is below the annual figures prior to 1931. Safety Record Measured in Years A whole decade without one lost-time accident--that is the exceptional record made by the pipefitting department of the Wheeling Steel Corporation. Ports mouth, Ohio. The 35 men in this department com pleted their tenth consecutive no-acci dent year on November 1, 1935. Some members of the department have worked many more than ten years without an accident, and one man is rounding out 25 years of safe service. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS < How Radio Protects the Air Traveler (Continued from page 26) ,,,,d? "w* <'1 alding beam,andn(3?e r""wajr> (2) equipment is good for any distance dur ing the day, but at night it is not reliable over 30 miles. Work is under way at present to eliminate the night effect, which profoundly affects radio reception in many ways. About the airport the radio fulfills an important function in the proper dis patching of airplanes and the mainte nance of schedule flying. The large transport airplanes are in communica tion with the dispatcher by radio, and are kept informed of the arrival of other airplanes, either for clearing the field or awaiting the arrival of transfer passen gers. Especially in very foggy weather must radio communication be relied up on to land the incoming airplane safely. From a vantage point upon the ground, the dispatcher can guide the airplane to the landing field by advising the pilot of his position, judging from the drone of the engines. Another more recent development is the partial blind landing system, good for a ceiling as low as fifty feet, and developed by the Bureau of. Air Commerce. It is characterized SUPERSTITION 1.00K FOR THE SILVER TIPPED TENONS THE BAUER MFG. CO. WOOSTER, OHIO the airplane % between stations is an invaluable asset ?rounc* flying and is responsible Srth" cf* adherence to the modern schedule flyW of transport planes. The aeronautical radio installations of this nature include a transmitter in addition to the receiver Two-way communication is usually con ducted upon the short waves, which are radio signals of ultra - high frequency. At scheduled times the airplanes of the large airway systems report their posi tions and altitudes, maintaining con tact with their base. The value of this precaution is obvious, for in the event of a forced landing, the base has some information as to the approximate loca tion of the airplane. For a striking ex ample, one can not easily forget an ac count of a thrilling rescue in upper New York State. An airplane had been forced down in a locality far from any habita tion. The heavy snow and blizzard pre cluded the possibility of the passengers and the pilot traveling from their moun tain fastness. Fortunately the radio was working and communication with the rescuing authorities was established. This tale has been repeated under a variety of circumstances during the his tory of aviation. The distances available for two-way communication with radio short waves are unlimited. This means protection for exploration flights over vast un chartered wildernesses. During their flight over the Atlantic two years ago by way of Greenland, Colonel and Mrs. Lindbergh maintained a two-way con versation with Long Island, New York. At one time they communicated With Long Island from the Cape Verde Islands, a distance of 3,800 miles. The regular Pan - American Airway Service is an example of a commercial organiza tion holding two - way communication with its airplanes, for distances up to 3,000 miles. The airplanes flying up the Amazon River to Manaos keep in touch with the base in Miami, Florida, a distance of 2,100 miles. Equipped with radio, the airplane can extend its cruising range to almost any limit. The radio on the airplane has another mission, and that is to rescue those who are remote from aid in the event of an exigency. One will remember the thrill ing rescue of a burning freighter off the Atlantic Coast not so long ago, when MARCH, 1936 67 BUT NOT A MAN IN THE SHOP STOPPED WORKING! (an actual incident) ABLOW-TORCH started it. A spark ignited an oil-soaked en gine and the flames roared up in the crowded and busy garage. One of our installation men, working in the shop, jumped back in horror. ... Then his fear changed to amaze ment. Not a man in the shop had stopped work! No one seemed to notice the fire, except the fellow who started it. He calmly lifted a LUX ex tinguisher from the wall, turned the valve. LUX snow-and-gas snuffed the fire out instantly... and he resumed his welding. Our man, dumbfounded at all this nonchalance, commented on it to the shop foreman, who explained it easily. "These men have seen our LUX extinguishers handle any gaso line or oil fire in a few seconds. So they quit worrying about it." With LUX extinguishers you can "quit worrying" about oil and gaso line fires. LUX will protect, not only garages, and trucks on the road, but the most vulnerable hazards in your plant. LUX carbon-dioxide snow-and-gas is the fastest known extin guishing agent ... an effectivesafeguard to life and property. For specifications and prices write Walter Kidde & Company 31 West Street Bloomfield. X. J. For All Electrical and Flammable Liquid Fires 68 BARNS New Reinforced ElectricianGloves YELLOW with BLACK center Steam Cured Either Straight or curved Fingers in all sizes and for all standard volt ages. The REINFORCEMENT is one third heavier than the hands and fingers. The records of large utilities shgw that from 47% to 75% of the gloves that are rejected on Retest are on account of mechanical injur ies. namely: TEARS, SCRATCHES. ABRASIONS and SNAGS on the glove cuff. The Reinforcement of the Cuff: increases the factor of safety-- longer service and greater econ omy-- increases the efficiency and morale of the linemen. Why the YELLOW with BLACK CENTER Glove? The laminated construction gives added dielectric and ten sile strength. Positive inspection in field and laboratory. Serious ness of all defects, snags, scratches, abrasions and imper fections are easily seen as black will show through the yellow. Try a few dozen and be con vinced of the economy and added safety factor, efficiency and high morale of your linemen. Price only 75 cents more per pair than regu lar gloves for all voltages. Originated and patented by FRANK E. BARNS 130 North Wells Street Chicago, Illinois with the radio disabled, it floundered helplessly in the high seas. A newspaper airplane located the burning ship and directed rescue boats by radio. In short, radio gives that valued pro tection to aircraft, which makes it im perative that the airplane leave the ground with properly functioning radio* apparatus. To quote the first line of a featured article in a recent aeronautical magazine; "It is no exaggeration at all to say that the success of commercial aviation depends entirely on the efficacy and thoroughness of radio communica tion." Soybean Processing (Continued from, page si) evident that hexane vapors were escap ing from the extraction unit which ap parently were not detected by the oper ators. The heavy vapors settling in the extraction room apparently were carried over through the open door to the fire in the boiler room and ignited in the fire box. This first ignition of hexane gas spread into the extraction room, causing what witnesses called the second explosion, which blew the operators through the door at the opposite end of the building. Recommendations The investigation of the explosion has developed the following recommenda tions which it is believed will be helpful in the further development of plants for soybean utilization. ,,- t. Attention should be directed to the possi bility of developing a non-flammable solvent for soybean extraction units for farm and rural community use. 2. If non-flammable solvents are not practical and efficient for operating reasons, the use of flammable solvents must be surrounded with effective practical safety measures. J. In any rural community installations in volving flammable solvents, provision should be made for underground storage of the sol vents outside of building walls. 4. All electrical apparatus and equipment should be of the approved type, installed in accordance with requirements of the National Electrical Code. 5. Provision should be made for ventilation in units of this kind, so that any escaping gases or vapors can be carried outside the building. 6. The boiler room and any other sources of open flames should be safely separated from the main extraction unit. 7. The building in which the extraction unit is installed should be so constructed as to pro vide adequate venting area to relieve any pres sures from explosions or fires. 8. Provision should be made by local authori ties for adequate inspection of units of this kind before operations are undertaken. PRESENTING N&* Justrite Safety Cans! JUSTRITE presents a New Im provement in the 2, 3 ami A gallon Safety Cans. The carrying handle has been redesigned. Tills permits "Easier Carrying" and "More Accurate Pouring." Large Spout--easily filled direct from filling station hose--no funnels required. See how easy it pours--the most efficient can for the workman. Automatic spring controlled spout cap. Natural Hand Grip-- opens in one operation -- closes automatically. A. safe container for carrying explosive and vola tile liquids---no leakage or evapo ration. Labeled by the Under writers' Laboratories, Inc., and Approved1 by the Associated Fac tories Mutual. Fire Insurance Companies. LESSENS INSURANCE RATES Protect your plant -- your employee*-1 lower your Insurance rat* premium*--by installing the lateet Improved and ip* proved JUSTRITE Safety Device* TO DAY. See your dealer* or write ua for interesting price* and literature. \ I eint t* $ eaiioni Justrite Mfg. Co. SORT Southport Avraav CHICAGO. ILLINOIS NATIONAL SAFETY NEVf 69 Honor Roll Details of no-accident records in excess of 400,000 man hours, or 300 working days, are invited for this department Buckeye Cotton Oil Co. The Little Rock, Ark., mill of the Buckeye Cotton Oil Company, a cotton-seed pressing plant employing 1.19 men, has more than 653, 948 safe man-hours to its credit. The record, started on August 1, 1932, remained unbroken on December 31, 1935. A parallel record is being made by the Selma mills of the Buckeye Cotton Oil Company, which, on December 31, had an unbroken noinjurv record of 445,791 man-hours. Erie County Electric Company The Erie County Electric Company, Erie, Pennsylvania, reports a record of 666,184 injury-free man-hours--the record still intact when reported December 23, 1935. The date of. starting is January 10, 1934. The company employs an average of 175 persons. General Cigar Company, Inc. .What is believed to be the best all-time record for the tobacco industry was begun on SAFETEX Gloves and Work Clothes *ACID RESISTANT WATER PROOF WARM COMFORTABLE LONG WEARING Safetex is an exclusive process which gives fabrics a protective surface, non-porous, resistant to acids, corrosive chemicals and moisture. Only the outside is af fected. The inside of the garment remains as warm, dry, soft and flexible as before treatment. Write for information on gloves, mittens and work clothing protect ed with SAFETEX. SAFETEX CO., Inc. 12 West 21st St, New y0rk, N. y. MARCH, 1936 January 22, 1932, by the Steelton, Pa., plant of the General Cigar Company, Inc., and is still unbroken. On February 4 the record had reached 3,617,718 man-hours. The plant has 334 employees. An inter-factory contest pro vides the incentive for keeping the record alive. General Electric Co. Two unusual records were attained by the General Electric Company in 1935. This is be lieved to be the first year in the history of the company without a single fatality. It is defi nitely known that there has not been a fatalitvfree year at least since 1901, While the entire organization kept its slate free of fatalities, the pattern shop of the River Works, Lynn, Mass., brought its no-lost-timeaccident record up to 969,695 man-hours. The record was still unbroken on December 31. The last lost-time accident in the shop occurred on July 18, I92T North American Cement Corp. A perfect year for safety was realized during 1935 by the four plants of the North American Cement Corporation. The three cement plants, located at Howes Cave, N. Y., Alsen, N. Y., and Security, Md., worked 1,157,571 man hours during the year without a single lost time accident. The Berkeley, W. Va., lime plant of the company has gone 2,382 consecu tive days, 1,256,959 man-hours, without a iostt'me mishap. This record is an unusual one. Hitherto, as far as can be ascertained, no company in the cement industry with three or more plants has had a perfect safety record in any calendar year; and in the lime industry it is believed that few companies, if any, have equalled the record of the Berkeley plant. Of the three cement plants, one had been accident-free for 1.379 days, as of January l. The two remaining plants are well on the way to a record of 1,000 consecutive safe working days. Philadelphia Co. Nearly two million safe man-hours were ac complished by the sub-station and shops de partment of the Duquesne Light Company be tween March 25, 1934, and November 23, 1935. The 552 employees of that department worked 1,914,499 man-hours without a single disabling injury during that period. The Meter Division of the Duquesne Light Co., with 124 employees, operated 1,417,589 man-hours without a disabling injury. The record began Tanuary 6, 1930, and was still unbroken on December 31, 1935, An unbroken record which, on January 20, had reached 1,023.364 safe man-hours, has been accomplished by Division F, of the Equit able Gas Company. The division has It5 em ployees. The record began October 17, 1930, Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. . The Columbia Cement Division of the Pitts burgh Plate Glass Co., East Fultonham, Ohio, employing 285 men* has operated more than 645,129y2 man-hours without a disabling in jury. The figures quoted are those of Decem ber 31, 1935. The record was started October 6, 1934. It was still unbroken on January 20, 1936. Revere Copper & Brass, Inc. The Dallas Division of Revere Copper Sc Brass, Inc., has completed a total of 677,969 man-hours without a lost-time accident. The The Dayton Safety Ladder is a quality ladder, sold at a moderate price. Durably built of airplane spruce; strongly braced. Does not wabble or tip. Roomy plat form; straight back for close work. Sizes 3 to 16 feet. Hlow many Daytons does your business need? Order them now and save on workmen's time and accident costs. Write Dept. NSN-S TBE DAYTON SAFETY LADDER CO. ' 121-123 West Thirl St Cincinnati, Ohio Safetyladder (Patented) Stock carried on Pacific Coast by E, D Km.u/i Angeles and San Francisco, and by 160 .in** tutn-iun from coast to coast. Made tad distribute * *>y Safety Supply Co. Toronto. tccurd, which bc-.EJn July 8, uny, tact un February l v . ' ,n' Standard Lime & Stone Co. On January 2}, 1956. the i.rtetv of the Millville. \V\ V,i,, plant ,.t the standard Lime & Stone Co, was still unbroken ,mj run ''Si. i" man-hour,. Tfiis plant employ, an average >f about ^ m men, . ' United States Rubber Products, Inc. REMOVE IT juicily Economically with HOFFMAN HEAVY DUTY VACUUM CLEANING EQUIPMENT A carefully planned installation of vacuum cleaning equipment is Indispensable in an eHlcicnt dust control program. Hoffman equip ment--both portable and permanently piped--is the heavy duty type specially built for industrial service. Let us tell you about some of our suc cessful installations in leading industrial plants. The Winrishony 3. C, Mills <>f the U. $. Rubber Products, Inc., i textile plant. oper ated from October TO, b)'4, to October 21. 19 ss without a itwt-time accident--a total (,r' >55 davs and approximately 2.'9i,206 man* hours. The record was broken by a mechanic a ho tried to put a heir on a pulley with a hammer handle. The hammer, caught between the belt and the base of the pulley, was whirled around the pulley, and struck the man on the head, knocking him unconscious and causing him to lose several days nf work. On December 3U 19.43, the Providence. R. I., plant of the U. S. Rubber Products, Inc., had operated 516 days, approximately 2,651.268 man-hours, without a lost-time accident. The last lost-time accident at this plant occurred on February 18, 1933. ft SEND FOR BOOKLET "REMOVE THE MENACE OF OUST" U. S. HOFFMAN CORPORATION AIR APPLIANCE DIVISION, 111 FOURTH AVE., NEW YORK The Shoe Hardware Division of U. $, Rub ber Products. Inc., Waterburv, Conn., m which a foundry is maintained, operated from May 13, 193d, to October 3, 1935, a total of 505 days, or approximately 1,052,954 man-hours, without a lost-time accident. Youngstown Sheet end Tube Co. A current safety record worthy of a niche in industry's all-time Honor Roll has been made by the South Chicago Works of the Youngs town Sheet and Tube Company, which, on Jan uary 1, 1936, completed three years without a lost-time accident. The record, representing a total of 2.663,509 man-hours, was made by a working force averaging 466 men. On Febru ary 12 the record was still unbroken. Easily and Quickly Removed Guaranteed A gainst Breakage M 8C M Rail Clamps are recom mended as the surest and safest possible stop for use on runways, in repairing cranes, on loading platforms, temporary sidings, air ferries, under tipples, car stops and cars on grades. M 8C M Rail Clamps eliminate the dangerous practice of placing wooden blocks under the car wheels for bracing. Style A--#13. each M & M Rail Clamps are rigidly constructed of open hearth an nealed cast steel, with tool steel kev. Will fit any rail from 40 to 110 lbs. M $C M Rail Clamps are used and recommended by Manufacturing Plants, Cement Plants, Grain Ele vators, Mines and Quarries. OUR NEW CATALOG IS READY FOR YOU. SEVERAL HUNDRED SAFETY ITEMS ILL USTRATED WITH RECOMMENDED USES. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS COMPANY Accident Prevention Equipment 800 W. SOMERSET ST. PHILADELPHIA, PENNA. Washington Building Lime Co. The Woodville, Ohio, plant of the Washing ton Building Lime Co., an associate of the Standard Lime & Stone Co., has a lecord of more than half a million safe man-hours to its credit. The plant, employing 83 persons, oper ated without a single accident between Febru ary 13, 1931, and July 2, 1945, a total of 55 5, 349 man-hours. Four Universal Atlas Plants Win Trophies f^ELEBRATlNG the Mark Twain centennial '"l at Hannibal, Missouri, with a perfect safety record in 1935, the Hannibal plant of the Uni versal Atlas Cement company w*as one of the company's four plants to win the Portland Ce ment association safety trophy last year. Inde pendence. Kansas; Leeds (Birmingham), Ala bama; and Universal (Pitsburgh), Pennsyl vania were the company's other plants to win the trophy in 1935, Figures of the Portland Cement association show that the Hannibal plant was the only cement plant in the country to win the trophy for the first time last year, according to an announcement made bv the company's safety director, Gordon C. Huth. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS S a f e t y w it h - 1 71 Maine Strengthens Organization for Highway Safety rPHE state uf Maine is determined to -* ki't.p pace with the --even per rent a >e;>.r accident reduction gu.d set by the National Safety Council in its rivetear highway safety drive. As the new sear opened. Governor Louis J. Brann. of that state, inaugurated the "19.56 .Maine Highway Safety Campaign" with the appointment of a state safety engi neer and the selection of a committee to finance the greatest humanitarian move in the state's history. The organized war on highway deaths is an outgrowth of a detailed survey of traffic conditions in the state. During the latter part of October, 1955, Governor Brann named a com mittee of .50 citizens to study the high way fatality problem- and make recom mendations to beat back the rising death curve. To expedite the formulation of a complete, well balanced program, a Committee of Ten" was selected from this group to serve as a working sub committee. The Committee of Ten studied all phases of the highway traffic safety problem in Maine, investigated successful procedures elsewhere, con sidered suggestions offered by interested citizens and recommended a plan of at tack to the parent committee. Outlining a campaign along the four basic fronts of education, engineering, enforcement and enthusiasm, the Com mittee of Ten recommended that the Committee of Fifty be retained intact as an advisory group to the officials who would be charged with the safety prob lem of the state in the Anal analysis. The necessity of a full time safety director, to be named by the Governor, was pointed out, since the nominal heads of the safety movement--the Governor himself, as honorary chairman, and the Secretary of State, Lewis O, Barrows, as general chairman--could not supply all the time and attention required by a movement of such magnitude. Among the high lights of the commit tee's recommendations were the follow : ig: Adoption of an official observer sys tem: possible employment of auxiliary police forces: physical examination of drivers: a survey of existing traffic signs and signals; elimination of obsolete speed limits: attention to the carbon monoxide hazard; adoption of a stand ard code of hand signals: inauguration of traffic studies; a study of hazards created by detours, road construction. md disabled vehicles along the highway. The employment of "flying squad rons" of state police: the encouragement of walking on left side of rural high ways; the drawing of spot maps for state, city and town: radio equipment tor state police; requirement of spare headlamps; standardization of construc tion markings, marking of vehicle break downs. etc.: study of the practice of 'fixing" police tickets. The study of more and severe punish ment for "repeaters"; greater publicity for convictions of motor vehicle law violators; the award of merit stickers to signers of safety pledges; utilization of an outdoor advertising program; a study of the pedestrian problem; the develop ment of a safe driving program designed particularly for summer visitors. All of these are self explanatory with perhaps the exception of the "official observer system." In brief, the program consists of the appointment of a group of men and women possessed of dear judgment, a sense of fairness, and sincerity of pur pose, to serve without pay, observing the movement of traffic at hazardous points or at hazardous times of the day. These individuals have no police power whatever. They observe conditions which may pave the way for accidents if left uncorrected. They note the registra tion numbers on automobiles which figure in particularly flagrant violations of the traffic laws. This information is turned over to the police and highway authorities for action. Generally physical hazards are re moved, on the basis of these recommen dations, by state or community engi neering departments. Careless motorists are summoned to police headquarters, where they are warned in a firm but courteous fashion and given an explana tion of the tragic consequences which might result from their failure to exer cise driving caution. If three or four complaints of a similar nature regard ing the same motorist are received from different observers, the motorist may be called upon to prove to the satisfaction of the Secretary of State his fitness to hold an operator's license. Governor Brann not only accepted the full report of the Committee of Ten, but immediately began to act upon it, nam ing Walter J. Brennan as state safety engineer and making provisions for the tiling of monthly progress reports. CRAFTSMANSHIP FOR MORE THAN twenty-five years, the INDUSTRIAL GLOVES CORPORATION has Specialized in the design and manufacture of gloves and safety clothing for the protection of human life. This protective equipment has been "built to specification" for industrial America by a group of workers who through long and varied experiences have aimed always to devise personal safety equipment that protects correctly. DESIGN -- DURABILITY -- QUALITY--SERVICE ... Ex amine STEEL-GRIP carefully for these qualities in protecting the lives of your employes. LET US SERVE YOU! jjtnrowL safety INDUSJ RIAL GLOVES CORPORATION 725 GARFIELD BLVD. DANVILLE, ILL. Chicago Philadelphia Detroit MARCH, 1936 With the Manufacturer Manufacturers are invited to send in announcements of new products, or improved special features. Only items which can be considered as "news" to our readers will be published Featherweight Dowmetal Goggle A new goggle is announced by the C. H. Docks..)!! Company, J885 Hast Grand Avenue, Detroit, Mich. The use of dowmetai it is claimed, permits a thin .-ection construction of ample strength and results in an enlarged cup interior. Fine mesh screen side shields allows unrestricted side vision as well as increased ventilation. The into position. Another movement of the operator's hand unlocks the 'top from the rail and 'wings it clear to permit the passage of any mine car. motor or cutting machine without removing the Mop from the rail. The stop is 7 inches high above the rail and is designed to act against the wheels of high cars and against the end or bumpers of low cars. Another of .the new products is the Mine Car -Skid, This device when attached to the rail acts as an automatic external brake. When the car wheel hits the bumper block of the .-.kid, the ^kid member assumes the same motion and speed as the car itself, withdrawing from the skid holder, and carting to travel down the track, held fast under the car wheel. The skid holder automatically falls in the dear. The fric tion of the >kid member, being pushed power is -applied by raising and lowering the handle. Axle of the handle being ec centric transmits power through two pawls engaged in the wheel. One pawl is ahvavs in position, therefore, the wheel cannot slip. This tool without chains weighs ,54 pounds. Electrician's Gloves nosebridge i- adjustable, ennsisting of a hall chain, fibre covered, -eliding into a slot in the eye cup and held in place bv the lens bezel. This enables an accurate fitting of the anatomical 'Imped eye cups to each individual face. Secure lens mounting i- provided by an adequate -nrface upon which the lens rests, accurate die cut threads and a strong dowmetal bezel. A complete selection of tenses for \ariou> hazards i- available in the standard 5UMM diameter. The headhand slot is located so that the eye cups remain in the proper position without ex cessive tension. It is further claimed these g-'-ggles pass all salt and corrosion te*ts as required by Federal Specifications A n v t cce pted method of >terilizarion mav be used. New Safety Products for Mines The Portable Lamp and Kquipment Lornpany, 405 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa., announce three new products designed to reduce haulage accidents in coal and metal mines, The Mine Car Stop was developed to protect against the menace of standing cars starting to roll causing -crious in juries and propertv damage. This -top along the rail under the weight of the car, overcomes the velocity and the car is brought to a standstill or is greatly slowed down. The Mine Car Derail has been developed as a companion device to the above prod ucts. It is a two-wav unit, made of high tensile -trength malleable iron and de- igned to derail a runaway coming from either direction, ft consists of two parts, the top or derail member, and a hinged base for wedging again>t the heel of the rail, t he under side <>f the derail member has a flange paralleling the base for wedg ing against the heel of the rail. The derail member may be thrown off the rati, to pass cars, and then *hr\vn back on the rail as easily as throw me n < witch. One of the latest special type electri cian's gloves is the reinforced model with I a m i n ate d cut f. The* e gloves come m yellow with black center layer or in all black 'both steam cured), with either straight or curved fingers in all stand ard voltages and sizes. The laminated c o n s t r u c t io n gives added dielectric and tensile strength, and the black center layer -hows at a glance how deep a tear, scratch, abrasion, or -nag may he. so that accurate inspection can be made at once. This permits deter mination of how serious any abrasion may he. These gloves are patented and -old by 1 he Frank K. Barns Company, led North Wells .'street. Chicago. Tank Car Connected Sign Industrial Products Company, SOU West Somerset Street, Philadelphia, announces a new tank car connected sign which clamps automatically to any size rail, stays (irmly in position and can be instantly re leased, It is fitted with porcelain enamel -tgn plate, size 12 inches by 15 inches, blue background with white ietters. The manufacturer states it is built to comply is quickly locked to the rail at any point by driving a wooden wedge against the heel of the rail. The manufacturer states a flip of the hand puts the stop in position on the rail where it automatically locks ACCO Utility Jack No. 35 A utility tool suitable for a host of ap plications involving 'retching, pulling, binding or lifting h mnounced by the Welded Chain Division ,.f American Chain Company, Inc., Bri<!gvm>rt. Conn. They Mate this device is *>r -miple and sturdy construction and is -unable for working loads up to 4,000 pound*. The complete unit includes the frame with operating parts, a ten foot stretcher chain and five foot anchor chain. When in use the stretcher chain fits over the teeth in the sprocket wheel and the with Dunn's Freight Tariff Xo, 2, Para graph 697(B) and A.R.A. regulations con cerning the loading or unloading of tank cars containing flammable liquids. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS T3 Enameled Pressed Iron Washfountains Hie Bradley Wa-htoutuain Company, 2237 Michigan Street, Milwaukee. Wi$,, litinnimce ,tn extension of it- Hue *en ameled preyed iron washfountains to in clude 56-inch diameter circular and cl inch diameter -'mi-circular units. Orig inally onlv 54-inch circular fountains were available in enameled iron, Subject to the limitation- *f their 'mailer -i/t* and Trade Publications for your . SAFETY EQUIPMENT LIBRARY Information You Should Have All of these booklets eontain many valuable facts on controlling accidents and promoting efficiency. Industrial executives should avail themselves of this fund of information--because along with `Safe operation*' goes its close friend "profitable operation/* Check those you would like and mail the coupon right now! capacity the new fixtures incorporate all `he advantage.- of the. larger models. They accommodate -ix u>ers at one time and may be had with either hand or foot con trol or water How, Bowls are solid one - piece pressings, finished in acid-resisting vitreous enamel with either roll rim or deep apron. Pede stals con-Dt or* pressed iron base members with electrically welded cylindrical super structures finished in acid-resisting highbake i 350 degrees) sent he tic enamel. These units are fabricated from deep draw ing annealed stock. Xo, 10 gage for the semi-circular units, X'o. II gage for the ,36-inch circular units, and are reinforced with special annular and -emi - annular discs, The fountains are built for heavy duty in industrial plants, institutions and public buildings. NEWS ITEMS The Klliott Service Company announces a change *f address from 242 West 55th Street. Xew Vork, to 2I`> Ka-t -14th Street. X'ew York. David >, Wright will be associated with the -ale- department of the Inland Steel Company, m their St. Paul, Minnesota office, according to a recent announcement. Mr. Wright has been with the company for a number of vear- in the Department of Inspection and Metallurgy at its Indiana Harbor Works. The Pyrene Manufacturing Company. Newark, X. J,, announces the appointment of George H. Boucher, formerly assistant genera! -ales manager, to the position of general <ales manager, Charles G, Durtee, who has been manager. Systems Depart ment. becomes assistant to the vicf-prestdent in charge of sales, j. P, Maloney, formerly assistant general sales manager, has been named general, held sales man ager. 1. Kiddefoam Protection Against Fire. An interesting bulletin illus trating and describing Kidde Foam systems that may be either portable throughout, cen trally operated only, or centrally operated with provision made for quick detachment so that the ejector may be used as portable unit if necessary. Walter Kidde and Com- i pany. ' 7. The Scope of Sanitation. An in teresting booklet containing many products of value for industrial sanitation purposes. Covers products such as germi cides, liquid soap dispensing systems, paper towels, disinfectants, deodorants, rat ex terminator, etc. West Disinfecting Company. 8. Blaw-Knox Floorgard. Bulletin No. 2. Mine Car Skid. This folder de scribes a new device that when attached to the rail acts as an automatic, external brake. Six sizes listed for rails from 20 to 60 pounds. May also be used as a motor brake. Portable Lamp and Equipment Corp. 3. Kinnear Rolling Grilles. This fold er illustrates and describes grille that provides protection of any opening against trespassing, burglary or intrusion. Adaptable to many industrial uses. Kinnear Manufac turing Company. 1524. All the matter in this bulletin, text and illustrations have been revised to give the most information possible to those interested in the subject of factory floors. Blaw-Knox Company. 9. Never Slip Safety Clamps. Information on these clamps designed to prevent accidents in handling boiler plate and such material where overhead handling operations are necessary. Never Slip Safety Clamp Company. 10. Accident Prevention Equip 4. Mercurochrome Facts. An inter esting little booklet dealing with the origin and use of this product. Contains many excerpts of writings and tests that have been made on the germicidal activity of mercurochrome. Hynson, Westcott and Dunning, Inc. ment. Catalog No. 10. A new cat alog covering the many safety products for industry this company can furnish. A worth while addition to the reference library of all concerned with safety. Safety Equipment Service Company. 11. Accident Prevention Signs. 5. Safety Guard Protection, th , in teresting folder illustrates and describes a multiple controlled triple interlock non repeat safety guard for punch presses. De signed to protect the operator but noc to in terfere with production. Junkin Safety Ap pliance Company. 6. Davis Air Line Outfit. Bulletin gives complete information on this new outfit equipped with double outlet tangent take-off blower, Readily portable. Approved by the U, S. Bureau of Mines. Davis Emergency Equipment Company* Inc. Catalog No. 4. There is hardly a sign for use in preventing industrial accidents that isn't illustrated in this complete catalog. Nicely arranged so signs relating to a par ticular purpose can be easily picked out. Stonehouse Signs, Inc. 12. Armstrong Wrench Catalog W.-35. This splendid catalog con tains over 50 types of wrenches for various uses. Includes drop forged wrenches, high carbon steel wrenches, chrome vanadium socket wrenches with detachable heads with safe drivelock feature, etc. Armstrong Brothers Tool Company. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 20 North Wacker Drive Chicago, III. Please ha\r -'itf t<> nn the publications I have checked: i Statements published on this page are based on the claims of the manufac turer, While the National Safety News cannot guarantee these, statements, they are believed to be accurate. Name.... I Title..... Company Address,. MARCH. 1936 III l \ I ALWAYS Coming Events Of Interest to Safety Men mfUMdsdtftjuA \\ e h\e V K\ Hll known Oust fc> contribute to eflletent operation--it nlwn>s has been and is today ? * < *y DKSTIUC TI\E factor. DK.U'CO Dust i ontroi will soon pay for itself In \\\ Plant where there N Dust, Dust Is destructive In several ways--I I > health of employees; <*> ruins equipment; <;d decreases efficiency of plant; (4) Inwsuits. The New DRACCO Multi-Bag Filter D RACC0 Dust Control In many of America's most prominent plants, both large and small, DH.U1CO Dust Control is in daily use protect ing equipment and workers from the rav ages of uncontrolled Dust. If you have DUST in your Plant, it will be far cheaper to CONTROL it than to light it. DRACCO Engi neer* with years of Dust Control experience can help solve your Dust problems eco nomically and effi ciently. Write for Bulletin .Vo. 30t DRACCO CORPORATION Successors to The Dust Recovering 4. Conveying Co. 4073 E. 116th St, Cleveland, Ohio : March 3-5, New York .v-u-nrh in tetter N - \v 'i>rk S.ttctv j ( Iift.'iemc. ( Htdel Avtor.t Julien H. HarvcV, j Manager. New V>ik Office, National Safety 1 Cuunol, ) East -*lst Street. New York City. April 16-17, Pittsburgh, Pa. Thirteenth Annual Safety Engineering Con ference. G E. Clarkson, manager, Western Pennsylvania Safety Council, 2 400 First Na tional Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. April 23-24, Boston Fifteenth Annual Massachusetts Safety Con ference. (Hotel deader,) Lewis H, MacBravne, manager. Massachusetts Safety Council. 80 Fed eral Street. Boston, Mass. May 5-7, Chicago Fourteenth Annual Midwest Safety Confer- | ence. tStevens Hotel.) George G. Traver, manager, Chicago Safety Council, 222 Nurth Bank Drive, Chicago. May 8, Allentown, Pa. Eastern Pennsylvania Safety Conference. (Amencus Hotel.) Secretary. M. E. Rice, c/o Bethlehem Steel Company, Bethlehem, Pa, May 14-15, Charlotte, N. C. Seventh Annual North Carolina Industrial Safety Conference. T, A. Wilson, Commission er, North Carolina Industrial Commission, Raleigh, N. C AUV cant put warning signs over your slippery floors, stairs and ramps. You CAN cover them easily and eco nomically with PLASTIC FUT-SURE. Guarantees sure footing on any surface. Oil and grease proof. A permanent in vestment against accidents and injuries. Write for folder. GENERAL ABRASIVE CO., INC. ' 2065 College Ave. Niagara Fails, N. Y. PLASTIC FIJTSURE FOR SAFER WALKING SURFACES LARGE CONCERN ORDERS '.Viime on request--also names of scores of other concerns stand ardizing on this device. May 16-23, Tulsa, Okla. International Petroleum Exposition. The In ternational Petroleum Exposition Safety Con ference will he held May 21 and a first aid neet May 22. May 20-21, Asbury Park, N. J. Twelfth Annual Eastern Safety Conference. Fred M. RosseUnd. secretary-manager, Newark Safety Council, 2-4 Branford Place. Newark, N. j. i "SPLIT-SECOND WAY" I to REMOVE ADHESIVE May 21, Eric, Pa. Eleventh Annual Northwestern Pennsylvania Safety Conference. W. E. Dean, secretary, Erie Safety Council, Commerce Bldg., Erie, Pa, May 21, Manitowoc, Wis. Ninth Annual Fox River Valley and Lake Shore Safety Conference. A. L. Nimtz, secre tary', c/o Manitowoc Vocational School, Mani towoc. Wis. because this CAR DOOR OPENER and CLOSER Is the SAFEST and QUICKEST method With this device, one man can do the work of a gang thereby com pletely eliminating the injury haz ard. A one man pull exerts a force of over 2000 Ibs.l Order one on 10 DAY TRIAL--Money Back Guar- P^Paid...... $14-50 J 5i3 COMPANY May 21-22, Richmond, Va. Virginia State-Wide Safety Conference. (Jef ferson Hotel.) William M. Myers, managing director, Richmond Safety Council, 50 Allison Bldg., Richmond, Va. October 26-30, Atlantic City, N. J. American Gas Association, Annual Convert- tion. Alexander Forward, managing director, i American Gas Asv>o,ni"n, 420 Lexington Ave., New York City. * Two dear old ladies, evidently strange to traffic regulations, uere obeying the instructions: "Cross on the white lines." "They might have made these lines a little wider, mightn't they, dear?" one remarked to the other. Adhesul is The Newest Idea in ad hesive tape technique. Easy and pleasant to use. Quickly dissolves the adhesive compound of ALL TYPES of tapes and plasters. Saves minutes of the doctor's or nurse s time. Ends painful pulling or rip ping of tape. Economical. Trial bottle only $1.00. If your dealer can't supply vou, write, enclosing dollar, to THE ADHESOL CO., Inc., ;.M DELAWARE AVE., BUFFALO, ADHESOL NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Fluted Diamond Hatched Plain INDEX TO ADVERTISERS i\ Vhjx---`. ,-r1 VSfr"'. >1 Mason Abrasive Iron, Bronze, Aluminum ano Nickel Safety Treads A CAST safety stair tread in which aluminous abrasive is imbedded in the wearing surface effectively preventing slipping whether wet or dry. Treads are easily and quickly installed on new or old work. For use with concrete, wood, marble, slate and other types of stairs. Furnished in three surfaces. Fluted, Diamond Hatched and Plain. Over 40 years' Experience is at your service for the asking. Accident Prevention Equipment ' Manufacturers' Section ....... 76-77-78 Adhesol Co., Inc............. ...................................74 American Abrasive Metals Co................... 62 American Allsafe Co.................... 52 American Mason Safety Tread Co.......... 75 American Optical Co......................................... 8 American Telephone & Telegraph Co. ,39 Barns, Frank E...................................................68 Bauer Ladder Co........................................ ...67 Blaw-Knox Company ................................... 62 Brown Shoe Company .................................54 Buhrke Company, R. H............. ...................60 Bullard Company, E. D. ............................. 55 Burroughs Wellcome & Co. (U.S.A.) Inc................................................... / Chicago Eye Shield Co...................................57 Clements Mfg. Co............................................ .59 Columbus-McKinnon Chain Corp. ., .49 Cover, H. S........................................................... 53 Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Dayton Safety Ladder Co............................ 69 Dockson Company, C. H.............................. 56 Dracco Corporation ........................................74 Ellwood Safety Appliance Co. ........63 AMERICAN MASON SAFETY TREAD CO. LOWELL, MASS. General Abrasive Co.................................... 74 Harrington & King Perforating Co. ... 58 Huntington Laboratories, Inc.....................63 Hynson, Westcott & Dunning, Inc. ...37 IN STOCK AT TEN PLANTS RYERSON STEEL-SERVICE Industrial Gloves Corp................................... 71 Industrial Products Co...................................70 Interlocking Products Co................. 58 International Shoe Co. ................................ 3 Junkin Safety Appliance Company ...66 Jersey City Justrite Mfg. Co................................................ 68 Kidde & Co., Inc., Walter ........................67 Klein & Sons, Mathias ...............................48 Lehigh Safety Shoe Co., Inc....................... 60 Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Co.................. 2 Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co. ......................59 Lincoln-Schlueter Floor Mchy. Co. ...64 Macwhyte Company ......................... 50 Mine Safety Appliances Co....................................Inside Front Cover Mosso Laboratories, C. A................. 64 Hotter Plate Can Be Handled Safely National Safety Council, Inc...................... 4 Never Slip Safety Clamp Co....................... 75 New York Silicate Book Slate Co, ... .56 Pangbom Corporation ........... ,65 Paslode Company............................................ 74 Propellair, Inc............................................. 57 Pulmosan Safety Equipment Pyroil Co................. 75 T>mILER piate can be handled *-' ,-atelv with Never Slip Safety (.'lamps. ! (l<l-tashioned chains or hooks, which have a tendency to slip, cause accidents to men. These damps make carrying work over the heads of workmen safe. No time lost in adjusting the hold or forming a balance. Made tor horizontal and vertical lifting. Write for details Never Slip Safety Clamp Co. P. O. Box 448 Grand Central Annex, New York, N.Y. Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co., Inc.......... 55 Safetex Company, Inc.....................................69 Safety Clothing Co................... 51 Safety Equipment r'y. T . _!_ i~s _ Spencer Turbine Co................. 61 Stonehouse Signs, Inc................................... ,51 Trumbull Manufacturing Co........................54 U, S. Hoffman Machinery Corp................ 70 West Disinfecting Co.....................................53 Wheeler Mfg. Co., F, H.............................. 75 Williamsport Wire Rope Co................. 5 Willson Products, Inc................................. j 1 Cop: "Why the speed? Are you late for an accident or in a hurry to see the Judge?'' MARCH, 1936 Qet More Safety Per Dollar--Specify -- WHETHER PROTECTIVE APPAREL APRONS BLANKETS COATS GLOVES HAND PADS HELMETS KNEE PADS LEG-SAFES OVERSHOES SLEEVES JUMPERS LEGGINGS MITTENS PANTS SPATS ARM-PROTECTORS F. H. WHEELER MANUFACTURING CO. 224*230 W. Huron Chicago Aids remarkably in control ling friction. Often completely overcomes serious beating and fire hazard problems. Increases operating effici ency, cutting maintenance costs to a surprising degree in many cases. Not a mere "breakin" oil; by no means an abrasive. Use Pyroil regularly. Write for Free laboratory report showing photomic rographic and chart evidence. Also, what many organizationshave accom plished with Pyroil. Manufactured and Guaranteed by Pyroil Company, W. V. Kidder, Pres., ESI L&Fottette Ave., LaCrosse, Wisconsin, U. S. A. The Buyers' Service See Advertisers' Index, Page 75--When writing, please mention National Safety News Arvldvnt prevention NHWI SiW '-ouitcil. It Abrasives American Abraure m General Abrasive ' *' Adhesive Tape and planter Keraover i nmt)ny, Inc, Alarms. Fire Mine Safety Appliances Co. AmpoutoH, First Aid Bernhard. ftnhert A, Mosw I-itsurar-iriei. A. Anemometers BMuinlleardsaaCteotmy paAn"pyp, liaKn.ce* Co. Aprons American AlUafe Co, Bullard Company, E. DaU Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. __ In.iuitnal Clove* Corp. Industrial Product* Co, Mine safety Appliance* *-o. Panulioci ` ,-rjtt>rali- n , Pulnwaan Rarely Equipment Safety Clothing Co.. The Safety Equipment Seme# tu.. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. strum Company. The vciu'eler Mfg. Co.. I-- H Arresters, Dust BUw*Knox Co, Bullard Company, . D. Oracco Corporation P,*n*t>nrn r.irporation Surty Mfg. Co.. The Awards, Pri*e Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Badges and Button* Bullard Company. E. O. Mine Safety Appliance! co. Ba^s, Tool, Linemen Buhrke Company. R. H. Bullard company. E. l>. Davis Emergency Equipment ' C<. . !nc. Industrial Product* Co. Pulmuian safety Equipment c-irp. ,, Safety Equipment Service Co.. SaUshuCt * Co., XV, H. stratus Company, The Belts. Linemen American Allsafe *Yi Buhrke Company. K. H, Bullard Company. E. D. Dans Emergency Equipment Co,, inc. Industrial Products Co. Klein & Sons. Matluai Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Pulraosan Safety Equipment C'-rp. ^ Safety nothing co., The Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safety Fir*t Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment to. Strauss i otnpany. The Beits. Safety American Allsafe Co. Buhrke Company, tt. H. Bullard Company. E, DDavis Emergency Equipment Co,, Inc. Industrial Product* Co, Klein k Sons. Mathias Min# Safety Appliance* Co. Pulmotin Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Clothing Co.. The Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Strauss Company. The Belt*. Tree Trimming Buhrke Company. R, H. Bullard company. E. D. Industrial Product* Co Mine Safety Appliance* o, Pulmnsan Safety Equipment Corp. Strauss Company. The Belts. Window denning Buhrke Company. R. H. Bullard Company. E. D, Industrial Product* Co. Mme Safety Appliance* Co. ({lowers. Hose Mask HnlUr l >rnpany, K. D. lUvt? Emergency Equipment Inc. Blowers, Portable, KlcctrD* 'Tvmem* Mfz. n. Pangl-.ni t * i r < ratt> n -(ipiifi-r Turbine <'o, Surtv Mfi- Co,, The r s II ffroan Machinery corp, Box t ar Door opener E!:i,|,<l* C"iupany Justrite Mfg. Co. Mine Sjtoy Appliances <,<. Protecioseal <' ompany Pulmoean Safety Equipment Corp. *f<wy Equipment Service i `i> . l'he Standard Safety Equipment Co. Chain. Factory Amertccan Chain Co.. Inc. Coiumnut-ilelClnnofl chain McKay Company , No one should expect a wor m * h"c sd to turn out the best ^ holds true of be -p-a, p~ too. Mo <>' p' aJequate a,,d ptP" "le" duce the best results U provided. guards for all industrial hazards are pro fnrturers and distributors of safety AU reputable^ wanu^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ recom. equipment dl 8 mend the type of protec ^ ^ ,, yout parnen- lar needs. I lothinjg. Fireproof American Allsafe *"o. Bullard Company, E p Pan* Emergency Equipment `o,. Inc, Industrial C.loves Corp. industrial Product* Corp Mine Safety Appliance* o Pulmosan safety Equipment C'jrp, Safety Clothing Co., The Safety Equipment ServK# Co,, The Safety Fuat Supply Co. standard Safety Equipment Co. <traus* Company. The Wheeler Mfa, >;:o f, H. Clotblns, Weatherproof iiiici-u-au Allufe *'*o, MulUrd i'ompany. E. D. Davis F.iueraeui-y Equipment Inc.. industrial Glove* Corp. Industrial Ft'",dum C'n, Mine Safety Appliance* Co. f'iilmusan Safety Equipment cr.rp. Safetet uniuany, Inc safety tToilttng i"o.. The j>afetv Equipment service c<j.. The Safety First Supply Co. standard safety Equipment Co. Cloths, Wiping Sanitary Institute of America Collector*. Dust Rlaw-Knox Co. Dracco Corporation Pa/iKborn Cnrporati-'n Surty Mfg. Co.. The C, S, Hoffman Maclimt*r\ < >rp Compound*, cleaning Safety Clothing Co., The Containers, Explosive Liquid Bullard Company, E, D, Dana Emergency Equipment Co., inc. Induatrlal Product* Oo. .lustnte Mfg. Co. ifine Safety Appliance* Co. Protectoteal Comply Pulmoiatt Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co.. 'The Strau** Company. The U Detectors, Gas Bullard Company, E, l>. Dari* Emergency Equipment Co.. IOC. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Portable Camp A Equipment IMlmosau Safety Equiptnetc i 'orp. ^ safety nothing Co., rhe <traui* Company. The Blackboard* , New York Silicate B-*k slate Blanket*. Fireproof Bullard Company. E. D, Dari* Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Puimosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety nothing Co., The Safety Equipment Service Co., The Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment co. Wheeler Mfg. Co,. F. H. Blocker*, Mine Car industrial Product* Co Mina Safetv Appliance* Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Ourp. Blocker*, Railroad t ar Bullard Company. E. D, Induttrial Product* Co, Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safety Flm Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Bucket*, Hoisting Bullard ompany. E. D. Dari* Emergency Equipment Co Ir.c. Industrial Produce!* Co. Bulletin Board* American Allsafe Co. Bollard company, E. D. Davit Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Elliott Semce <`o. Mine Safety Appliance* Cm New York Silicate B""k Slate Co. Puimosan Safety Equipment Corp, , Safety Equipment service Co., The Safety first Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. C' ran*. Oil Bullard C< tnpany, E D, Imiustrial Product* To, Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Protencjeai ('ompany Safetv Equipment Service Co.. The Can*, Waste Bullard Company. K D. Davi* Emergency Equipment Co,, inc. Induitrtal Product* Co. Chair*, Safety, Boatswain Bullard Company. E. D. Mine Safety Appliance* Co, Pmmoian Safety Equipment orp. Straus* Company, The Detectors, Indicators, Recorders, Carbon Monoxide Bullard Company, E, D, Davi* Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Detectors, Pyrotannic Mine Safety Appliance* Co. ( lamps. Hail Induitriai Product* Co, Puimoian Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Clothing Co. Safety First Supply Co, Disinfectants nnd De odorant* Huntington Laboratories luc. \Ve*t OUtnfecting Co. Clamp* and Socket* Never Slip Safety Clamp Co. Dust Camera Cleanlngr Equipment, Abrasive Cleaning; System*, Vacuum Clement* Mfg. Co, Spencer Turbine Co, rnirty Mfg. Co.. The !', Hoffman Machinery Corp. Dusters, Rock Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Portable Lamp A Equipment Co. E Clothing; for Industrial Workers*--See Aprons, (rtoves, Hand Leathers, Leis*. Shoes Clothing, Aoldproof Safeteg Company, Inc. Emblems, Safety Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Exhausts, Grinding Wheel Surty lff. Co., The NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS THE BUYERS* SERVICE -When writing, please mention National Safety News See Advertisers' Index, Page 75- Kvtrrmlnator. Hodent \V*st IhMt.ievting Ottucam ExtlMKUlNhePH, Fire American AfUiie Co. Bullard Company. E, D, Barker Mf*. -'n. ksdde A: Jnc., Walter Mine Fafecv aopDance* i`n. Pulroosan S ifm Equipment F PntiK, F.i-haut Bl*tv*ivn>* co. Draiv Corporation Pajisthorti < -r(K>rat!-:) I'ropelUir. tnc, Mtrty Mfff. Co., The Fa*ten*r or Leer. Belt flipper Belt Laeer Co. Film* or Slid**. Safety* tor Rent and Sale National Safety Council. Inc. Industrial Products '->. l./M.py-nwen^-F *rd 'Us Mine :?#fetv Appliance* c>. Pittsburgh Plate <-a.u t">% I'ulmosan Safety Equipment saff'oertyp. nothin* Co., The Safety Equipment Service Co., Th# Standard Safety Equipment t"o, 'iirtr Ufg. Co.. The H'jJlson Product#, ine, <Iovr* and .Mittens tmerican Alliai'e co. Barns, Frank J, Bullard Company. K. l>. *'hlea*o Eye shield im. ! 'avis Emergency Equipment iny. Gongs, Sirens, Horn* and other Mgnaliosc Devices HuUard Company, E. D. Industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Gratings, Safety Blair* Knoa Co. Guards, Chip and Spark Bullard Company, E, D, , Chicago Eve Shield Co. Industrial I'rodttets <>. safety i Inching Co,, The S.tfety Equipment Service i`f. The standard Safety Equipment Co. Guards, Kick Press Suriy Mfg. Co,, The Guards, Portahl* (.amp Guard*, l<m<er pres* Amenean Allsafe Co, hioajto Bye Shield Co. industrial Product* Co, Bintcfn Safety Appliance Co, <truhiar<l Safety Equipment Co. Snrty Mfg. Co., The Guards, Snfofy American Ailat> Co. Bullard Company. E T>. Dam Emergency Equipment Co , Inc. HarrmgP n & Kins Perforating Why Take Needless Chances When Adequate Safeguards Can Be Provided Mine* Safft? ippllancev Co. Pulmovan Safety Equipment Corp. safety clothing Co,, The Safety Fint Supply Co. Strauss Company. The Hernia Safety, E2.\plosion Heat Oaraij Preventives Faunray habortdonp*. lne. Helmets, safety American AlBafe Co>. Amerlean riptical 'ntbanv Bi<iuncer-h-'Witer Mfg. Cu., tile. Bullard Company. E, ( Chicago Eye Shield Co, l.iavt* Emergi-ucy Equipment co,. Inc. Industrial Product,s Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co, I'wuburn i urporati n i'ulmosan Safety Equipmem Corp. ^atViy Clothing Co,, T,-e Safety Equtpmont s.o?r* *G The Safety First Supply Co standard S^Gty Equipment co. Wheeler MG Co.. V HWiltson i*roduot*. loo. Holsts, Electric Holders, Toot First Aid Htiulpment American Allsate <>. Abbott Labotatorie* American AIDafe Co, Bauer & Black BBeiarinshinagrder,-KRi oebhelerrt MA,fg. Co,. BuInllca.rd Company, E. D. Burroughj-Wellcome Co,, Daint'as.EAm.)ergIenncc,y Equipment Hyfnos.o. n.IncW. estcott * Dunning. InIdnucs. trial Product* Co. Johnson & .lohaaon MMeinreck SOas feCtoympAapnpyliance* Co. Mosao Laboritonea, C, ,i. Pulmotan Safety Equipment forp. SSaaffeettyy nEoqtuhipinmgenCto,Service Co., The Safety First supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Flags. Unuger Bullard Company. K. I>, Industrial Products Co. Safety Equipment Service Co,, The Storehouse sign*, Inc. Ftaftbli&btft. Permissible Bullard Company, E, D. Floor (.leaning Machines, Electric Lincoln-Schiueter Floor Machy. ;o. Flooring Material, Safety American Abrasive 'detail Co, American M**lq Safety Tread GeCnoe. ral Abrasive Co. Industrial Product* Co. Inland Steel i'o, Safety First Supply Co. Surly Alfg. Co., The Footwear* Rubber Bullard Company, E. D. Industrial Product* Co, Lefitgh Safety Shoe Co. Mine Safety Appliance# Co. Pulmostn Safety Equipment i 'orp. Fountains. Drinking. Factory Bradley Washfountiin Co. Fttmigants Bauer & Black Germicide* Germicides, Cutting Oil Huntington Laboratonea, Inc. Wen Disinfecting Company Glass* Safety American Optical Company Bullard Company, & D. A pattern maker was ripping a large piece of fibre wall board on a circular rip saw. The board was kicked back and the piece went through the operator's stomach. He died almost instantly. This deplorable accident should have been and could have been prevented. It is possible to obtain guards equipped with anti-kickback dogs which would have pre vented this accidental injury. On all operations where there is a human factor, be sure to provide adequate, dependable safeguards. Accident Prevention Equipment Manufacturers Section of the National Safety Council Hooks, Safety Reft Bullard Company. E. P. Davtt Emergency Equipment Co., (nr, tnduuri&l Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Portable Lamp A Equipment Co, Pulmotan safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service i'o,, The Strau** Company. The Hooks, Safety, Hoisting Indiiitritl Products Co. Hospital Equipment Bullard Company, E. D, Burroughs-Wellcome Co., r.S.A.) Inc. Daria Emergency Equipment Co., Inc, Industrial Product* Co. Mine *afet? Appliance* Co. .Safety Equipment Service Co., The Safety First supply Cn, ( Ittclinators, Carboy Bullard Company. E. D, Industrial Pn'duet* Co. Safety Clothing co. Safety Equipment Service Co., The Indicators, Flammable Vapor Bullard Company. B. D, Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc, Mine Safety Appliance* Co, industrial Glove* Corp. loduatrial Product* Co. Mm* Safety Appliances Co, T'angborn Corporate n Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. ?.aftx Company. Inc. Safety Clothing Co,, The Safety Equipment Service Co,, III* Safety First Supply CoSSatalinsdbaurrdy kSafCeoty,, EWqu. ipHm. ent Co. Wheeler Mfg. Co.. i\ EC Goggles AAmmeenriecaann OAUpstiacfal Co. Company Bullard Company. E. D. Chicago Eye shield Co. Cover, fl. 3, Davit Emergency Equipment JeCnos.o, nInCc.ompany, C. S. Indtmnal Product Co. Min Safety Appliance* Co, Puiraosan Safety Equipment SaCfeotryp. Clothing Co,, The Safety Equipment Service Co,, The Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co, TVtlj*oa Producta, Inc. Guards, Flywheel Harrington & King Perforat ing Co. Industrial Product* Co, Surly Site. Co.. The Guards, Foot and Toe Bullard Company, E, D, Kllwood Safety AppU&nc* Co. Industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Puironsan safety Equipment Corp. Safety clothing Co.. Th# Safety Equipment Service Co., The Safetv First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Straus* Company. The Guards, Gear Suny ifg. Co,. The Guards, Grinding Wheel Sony Mfg. Co,, The Guards, Jointer Industrial Product* Co. Safety Equipment Sendee Co., The "ktndard Safety Equipment Co, Sum* Aifg. Co., the industrial Productt Co. Safety Clothing Co.. The Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Surty Mfg. Co,, The Guards, Saw Bullard Company, fi. X>, Industrial Products Co Safety Equipment Service StCanod,,arTdheSafety Equipment Co, Surty Afg. Co., The Gumrd< Shaper Industrial Product* Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Surty Mfg. Co., The Guards, TreadleSurty ilfg. Co., The H Hand Cream Bullard Company. E. D. Dans Emergency Equipment Co., fnc. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Safety Clothing Co. Hats. Safety Bullard Company, E. D. Industrial Product* Co, Inhalators Blahinger-Uoebler Mfg. Co., Inc. Bullard Company. E. It. Davis Emergency Equipment Co,. Inc. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Insurance Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. Interlock System* Union Switch k Signal Co. Ladder $bne* or Feet American Abrasive Metal* Co. American AlUafa Co. American Mason Safety Tread Co. Bullard Compaay, E. 1). Davis Emergency Equipment Co,. Inc, Dayton Safety Ladder C`o. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances t'o Patent Sealfolding Co.. The PnlwQsan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Clothing Co.. The Safety First Supply Co. Surty Mfg. Co.. The MARCH, 1936 '8 THE BUYERS' SERVICE See Advertisers' Index, Page 75--When writing, please mention National Safety News Lndders. Safety American Allsafe Co Bauer Ladder Co. Bullard Company. E. D. Dtytm Safety Ladder Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Patent Scaffolding Co.. The Pulmosan Safety Equipment <'orp. Safety First Supply Co. Lampa, Safety Beniamin Electric Mfg. Co. Bullard Company. E D, Davis Emergency Equipment 'o Inc, Mine Safety Appliance* * n LftotrrnN, Carbide Bullard Company. E. D. Lantern*. Electric Bullard Company. E. D, Industrial Product* Co. Justrite Mfg. Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Leather*, Haud American .UUafe Co. Bullard Company. E. 0. Industrial tdove* i orp. Industrial Product* Co. Pulraosan .Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Clothing: Co,. The Safety Equipment Semce *>; Ilie Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. "Hrausa Company. The Wheeler Mftt. Co., F. H, Leggings American Alliafe Co, Bullard Company. E (> Dan* Emergency Equipment Co., Inc, Industrial Glore* Corp. Industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety nothin* Co.. The Safety Equipment Service Co . The Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Straus* Company, The Wheeler MTg. Co,, p, g. U*titln Kquipment. industrial Benjamin Electric Mf*. Co. General Electric Company " e*ttnghou*e Electric & Site. Co. Locker* and Hancera for Clothing Induatrlal Products Co, Lock*, Lamp Industrial Products c'n Interlocking Products Co, .Mine Safety Appliance* Co, Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Lerka, Locker and Padlook. Keyless Dudley Lock Corp. Lubrication Pyrotl Company M Machines, Floor Cleania*. Electric Ltneoln-Schlueter Floor Mchy. Co. Markers. Traffic Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Masks American AlUafe Co. American Optical Company Blahlngee-Koehler Mf*. Co., Inc. Bullard Company, E. D, Chicago Eye Shield Co, Darla Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Pangborn < orpnrati* n Puimotan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Clothtn* Co.. The Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safety First Supply Co, Standard Safety Equipment *''o, Wlllion Product*, Inc. Mat*. Standing. Safety Bullard Company. E. D. Dari* Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Indimrial Products i Safety Flm Supply Co. Metal. Expanded Surty .Mf*. Co., The Metal, Perforated Harrington Ac Ktn* Perforat ing Co. Meter*, Light Testing General Electric Co, ty First Supply Co. Wheeler Mfg. Co.. F, H Poster Service Elliott Serrice Co. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. National Safety Council, Inc. Bullard Company. E. D. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Dari* Emergency Equipment t'V. Inc. Industrial Product* Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Protector*, Arm Bullard Company. E, D, Uavi* Emergency Equipment Inc Safety First Supply Co. Salisbury h Co,, W, H. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Publication*. Safety National Safety Council. Inc. Safety Magazine Publlahic* Curp. Puller*. Fuse Bullard Company. E. D. industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co, Safety Equipment Service Co., The babbitt mto He was wearing a face d with h,,vy to-- , J d with hot babbitt Th, nk a.d * it blew out of dt. b^ t would have received the ful the . of ^ eitplos.on in his face and eyes. A from serious burns, probably also This man was saved from instances from total blindness. on. of the m. y where -fety equipment proved t.a vain . Occident 1 My Council Industrial Products Co. Mover*. Railway t ar Bullard Company, E. D. Industrial Product* Co. Pas lode Company Safety Equipment Seme* Co.. The Standard Safety Equipment Co, O Oxygen Breathing Apparatus Bi*hln*er-Koehler Mf*. Co., Inc, Darla Emergency Equipment Co,, Inc. .Mine Safety Appliances Co. P Par*. Miner** Lehigh Safety Shoe Co. Portable Lamp A Equipment Co. Pad*. Knee Bullard Company, E, D. industrial Glove* Corp. Induitrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co, Safety Equipment Serrice Co,. The Industrial Glove* Corp. Industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appltanoes Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Clothing Co., The Safety Equipment Service Co,, Th# Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Strati** Company, The Wheeler Mfg. Co.. F H, Protector*, Finger Bauer & Black Industrial Glove* Corp. Safety nothing Co.. The Safety Equipment Serrice Co,, Th# * Protector* for Linemen American Allsafe Co. Bullard Company, E, D. Davu Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Industrial Glove* Corp. Industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp, Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Pump*, Oxygen Bishinger-Koehler Mfg. Co., Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. a Respirator* American AUcafe Co. American Optical Company BlshInfer-Koehler Mfg. Co., Inc, Bullard Company, E, D. Chicago Eye Shield Co, Cover, H. S. Davis Emergency Equipment Co , Inc, Industrial Product* Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pangborn < orpuratb -n Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Clothing Co.. Hie Safety Equipment Service Co., The Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Wlllion Product*. Inc. Resuscitation Equip ment Bishinger-Koehler Mf*. Co., Inc. Bullard Company. E, 0, Dan* Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Mine S*fety .Appliance* , Rope, Wire Macwhyte Company Williamsport Wire K-ipe Co. Scaffolding. Safety Patent Scaffoldtng Co., The Screw Driver*,'' \onSkid Shirty Mfg. Co., The Shade*. Eye, Nonbreakable Bullard Company E. D, Chicago Eye Shield Co. DavB Emergency Equipment Co Inc. Industrial Products ro Mine Safety Appliances rq, Safety clothing Co. safety Equipment Service Co.. The Shade*. V\ Indow. induatrlal Shoe*. Safety. Factory and Foundry American AU-ut'e Brown Shoe Company Bullard Company, E. D. l>oi'k*"i' 'r*ttipan\, ' H. Industrial Product* t'o International Shoe t'o. Lehigh Safety Shoe Co Mine Safety Appliance* < ). Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safety First Shoe Co. Safety First Supply Co. Turner Company, c. s, Shoe*. Wooden Sole Industrial Product* Co, Keece Wooden Sole Sh"e Inc. Safety Clothing Co.. The Signs. Accident Prevention Bullard Company. E. D Industrial Products Ci Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing Co.. The Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co, Stonehouse Sign*. Inc. Siren* and Signal* Bullard Company. E, D Industrial Product* Co. Sling*, Chain American Chain Co.. Inc. Columhus-MeKtnnou Chain C-*rp. Sling*, Safety. Wire Rope Macwhyte company Williamsport Wire K<*.e < Soap Huntington Laboratories. Inc. West Disinfecting Co. Sole*. Shoe. N'on-allp Lima Cord Sole St Heel Co. Sterilising Equipment Strap*. Safety Buhrke Company. R. H. Bullard Company, B. D, Daria Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Induitrial Product* Co. Klein St Son*. Mathias Stretcher Unit* Survey*. Eye Sight Systems, Dust Control Blaw-Knox Co. Draco# Corporation Pangborn Cnrti<>raM"n flurtv Mf*, Co,. The U, S. Hoffman Machinery Corp. T Tent*. Pneumonia Bishinger-ttoehler Mfg. Co.. Inc, Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Tester*. Fuse Tool*. Linemen Bullard Company, 0. D Daria Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Industrial Product* Co. Klein St Bona. Mathias WTIONAL SAFETY NEWS THE BUYERS' SERVICE ' 79 ' See Advertisers' Index, Page 75--When writing, please mention National Safety News Tool*. Markin* or Stanplif Tool*. .Voa-aparkfnic ADBtauarUpi*cirodEVmCfeoormugLpetnacIynr,c.EEq,uiDp,ment Co,, Inc, Pulmotan Safety Equipment t.'orp. Treads, Safety American Abrasive Metals Co. American Allsafe Co. American Mason Safety Tread Co, Industrial Products Co. Inland Steel Co. fturty Mfg. Co.. Ths Trestles, safety, EatennioD Valve*, Oxygen Rishinger-Koehler Mfg. Co., Inc. Mins Safety Appliances Co. Vendln* Machines, Sanitary W Washer*. S.f.ty for l.rlndina Wheel* Industrial Products Co. standard Safety Equipment <'o Washroom Equipment, Industrial Bradley Waehfountain Co, Equipment Seme# ,, The Safety First Supply Co Trumbull Mfg. Co , The Wrenches, Non-sparking Wrenches, Open End Torches, Blow Klein & Sons, Mathias Industrial Products Co. Patent Scaffolding Co., The Safety First Supply Co. Trophies Ventilating: Equipment Blavr-Knor Co. Uracco Corporation Pangburn < *iftmrati*rt Weldln* Equipment Wrenches, Hopper far Industrial Products Co, Pas lode Company Wrenches, pipe Tnmont Mfg. Co. Wrenches, Socket The following companies are those whose names appear under the various headings contained in this Buyers' Service Atibi'tt Laboratories ............. .... ___ N-rrh Chicago. Ill, Adiiesoi Company .......................................... Buffalo. N. V, American Abrasive Metals k , . . . ... Inrtugrmj, \, I tuierii'au AIBafe < . , . ............ Buffalo, N. V. American Chain Co , inr, . . . . Sew \ iK, N v American Mason Safety Tread n. . L<uu*U, Mav American optical co..........................------ Southhrtdge, Mast. Amertran Tel, St Tel. Co. _______ ......\ew York. N. Y. Ampco Metal Inc..............................................dilwauke#. \V|$. Barns. Crank E. , .......... , . ............... Ciurago, In. Bauer & Black .............................. ..................Chicago, III. Bauer l adder Corapanv ........ ......... Wooster, Ohio Benjamin Electric Sc Mfg. Co........... -- , oes Plaines, ill. Bernhard, Robert A, .. .......... . . . . Rochester, X. \, Bislunger-Koehler Mfg. Co.......................... Pittsburgh, Pa. Blaw-Knox Co. . ............................. Pittsbtiigh, Pa. Bradley Waihfountaln ro. ....... .. .. Milwaukee, Wit. Brown Shoe i'.ompany ................................. .St. Lotus, MO. Buhrke *`o,p R. H................... . .. .Chicago, 111. Bullard Co.. E. D. .... ____ San Francisco, Calif. Burrmighs-Welleome & Co. <l'.s.A, lor,. New York, N.Y. Chicago Kre Shield Co.......... ......... . ............. hieago, III. 'temenU Mfg. Company ..... .... .................. Chicago, III. clipper Belt Lacer Co,' ................ .. .Grand Rapids, Mich. Columbus-MuKinnon Chain C>trp, . Cover, H. s ............................. . Davis Emergency Equipment Co In. Top-iwanda. X. V. .smith Bend, Ind. New York. N. Y. Dayton Safety Udder Co.. The , t< okson ' mipany. C. U................ Draeco *"orp............................. . Dudley Lock t'orp........................' " Ellwood Safety Appliance c'o .. .Cincinnati, Ohio -----Detroit, Mich, . -'leveiand. Ohio .. ..Chicago, III. EUwood Cltv, Pa. Elliott Service C. , . New York, X. Y. Fairway Laboratories, Inc. . ........ . .Belleville. III. General Abrasive t o , ................... Niagara Falls, i. General Electric C* mpany ................... .. . Cleveland, Ohio Barker Mfg. to,............... , ......................Dayton. Ohio Harrington & King Perforating Co. .............. Chicago, III. Huntington Laboratories Co. ....... -- Huntington, Ind. Hynwm, VVeatcott A Dunning, Inc. .......... Baltimore, Md. Industrial Cloves t'orp. . Danville. III. Industrial iToduct* Cu. ........................... Philadelphia, Pa. Inland Steel Co. . ...Chicago, ML Interlocking Products Co , ........New York, X. Y. fmoriiatloani shoe t'o, ........ ........ . St. (.outs. Mo, hthnson & Johnson ................... New Brunswick. X I. Irmkin Safety Appliance Co. .--..Louisville, Ky. Distrito Mfg. Co. .... ..Chicago, III, KLide & t'o,. Inc.. Walter................. New York, X. Y. Klein & Sons, .Mathias ............................. .Chicago. Ill, Lehigh Safety Shoe <V ................................Allentown, Pa, Lihhey-Owens-Ford Glass <"o, ........ ........... Toledo, Ohio Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co,. The . .....Lima. Ohio Lincdn-Schlueter Floor Mrhv. Co. . ..... .Chicago, III. McKay Co.................. -...........................................Pittsburgh, Pa. Macuhyte Company ............................ ..........Kenosha, Wis. Merck & Co,, Inc.............................. ......... New York. X. Y, Metropolitan Life Insurance c, ..............New York. N. Y, Mine Safety Appliances t'o, Pittsburgh, Pa. Mosso l.ahi'ratories, C. A...................................... Chicago, III. National Safety Council, Inc......................... Chicago. I1L Never Slip Safety clamp Co, ......................New Y>irk, X. Y. V-w York Silicate Bunk Slate Co. .... ..Xevv York, N*. Y. Pangborn Cnrpnrati'Ut .......... ... . Hagerstown, Md. Paslode Company............. Patent Scaffolding Co., Hie Pittsburgh Plate Glass iX . Propellair. Inc. .... . Protectoseal Co....................... Pulmosan safety Equipment ' rp. Pyrene Mfg. Co............................. Pyroil Co. ....................................... Reece Wooden Sole sin,,* r.;?.. D safeteg Company. l'nc. , , , . , Safety Clothing (X. The Safety Equipment Sendee C*>, ti safety First Shoe Co. .............. Safety First Supply Co.................. Safety Magazine Publishing corn Salisbury & Co,. Inc.. W. H, . 'Sanitary Institute of America . Spencer Turbine Co , The Standard Safety Equipment < >. Stonehouse Sfgns. Inc.................... Straus* Co,, Inc............. . 'furry Mfg. Co.. The............. Trlmont Mfg. Co, , ,.,, , Trumbull Mfg, Co., The........... Turner company. >, .............. Union Switch & Signal Co. , ,.. C. S. Huffman Machinery t'orp. West Disinfecting Company , I, Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Wheeler Mfg. Co . F. R, . . , Williamsport Wire Rope Co. , . Willson Product*. Inc. .................. riusourgn. . Spruigrieh.. . .. hicago. Ill . , Kr-klvn, X Y . Newark. X. i. . . Lai'ro*.**. Wlj, < lumi'tis, v^hr. New V Tk. n v . , ieveiatul, Ohio . ilcveiaiid, Ohio .. .. Holliston, Mass, . .Pittsburgh, Pi N'-.v York, X.. V. . chi.'ago. III. . . . Chicago. 111. ...Hartford, Conn. . .. Chicago, III. . . . Denver, Colo. . Pittsburgh, Pa. , . Chicago. Ill ............. Boston, Mas*. Warren, Ohio ! I'ammghara. Mass. ----- . ^wissvale, Pi. New York, N, Y : Nianti City, X, Y, Ea>t Pittsburgh, Pa, . . Chicago, in Witiiamsp-Tt Pa. , -------- Reading. Pa. Industrial Safety Market A S A SERVICE to our readers, we endeavor to maintain a com plete list of the source of supply of all types of safety and allied equipment. If you do not find what you want in the advertising pages, send in the coupon below, and we will have forwarded to you without charge, or obligation, detailed information and catalog* on mate- rial to meet your requirements. . National Safety News 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago Pleas# have forwarded to me from various manufacturers, without charge, prices, catalogs, etc., on the following material: Specifications: (Be specific as to size, capacity, quantity, etc., when prices are wanted.) Company , Address , . Your Name MARCH, 1936 I 80 published. He applied his memorv- Here Are the Winners in January Calendar Contest trainin? principles, he writes, in com piling his contest entry. Mrs. Mason, third prize winner, :.t widow, has found time to work as a stenographer, take care of two children and send them through school, and take up puzzles and contests as.a hobbv. ^T7ALETUDIXARIAXISM " is y one of those terms classified by after-dinner speakers as "dollar- and-a-quarter words.*' But it was little words that enabled 18 winners to share in the prize money distributed in the first of the 1936 Safety Calendar con tests sponsored by the National Safe ty Council. More than 6,000 entries from all parts of the United States and Canada and from several foreign countries were sorted out and care full y checked by the contest judges before these three major prize win- Mr. and Mrs. c. H. Slenker, 1st prize winners, ners were selected in the January word-building contest: First prize. $20.00--Mr. and Mrs, Charles H. Slenker, 131 West Jackson Street, York, Pa. (Calendar received from York Railways Com pany and Subsidiaries.) Second prize, $10.00--Louis Rich, 819 North IMh Street, Milwaukee, Wis. (Calendar re ceived from Midland Improvement Company.) Third prize, $5.00--'Mrs, Ida J. Mason, 3940 Brooklyn Street, Kansas City, Mo. (Calendar received from A.P.W. Paper Company.) Winners of 15 one-dollar prizes were: Kay Peck, 45"5 Guilford Avenue. Indian apolis, Indiana. (Calendar from Osborn Man ufacturing Company.) Charles L. McKain, 3IB West Robinson Avenue. San Diego, Calif. (Calendar from Toledo, Peoria and Western Railroad.) Helen Todd, 218 Eighth Avenue, Ashland, Wis. i Calendar from Lake Superior District Power Company.) Allan Hopkins, 63 Walnut Street, Ruther ford, N\ J. (Calendar from Koppers Gas and Coke Company.) Joseph Wampol, "13 Seventeenth Street. Great Falls. Mont. (Calendar from Anaconda Copper Mining Company.) Mrs. J.-an Johnston, Box 632, Cody, Wyo. (Calendar from The Texas Company.) Joseph Sandler, 204 South Ninth Street, Reading, Pa. 1.co Brendhnger. c o Yocum Brothers, Reading, Pa. (Calendar from Pennsylvania Manufacturers Association.) Hazel J. Beall. 216 Wilson Budding, Clin ton, la. (Calendar from Clinton Com Syrup Company.) Ruth Lindstrom. 608 Fourth Avenue West, Ashland, Wis. (Calendar from Lake Superior District Power Company.) Lawrence L. Ameter, 1606 South Fifteenth Street, Lawrencevdle, 111. (Calendar from In dian Refining Company.) Henrv Van Noy, Post Office. Terravdle, S, D. f Calendar from Homestake Mining Company.) Mrs. Helen E. Kaack, "16 Terrace Drive. Clinton, la. (Calendar from The Clinton Company.) The first prize winner, Mrs. Slenker, attributes the winning list to the thor oughness she acquired during 11 years as a primary school teacher. "I listed alphabetically all the pos sible three-letter combinations," she writes, "and then hunted for them in three unabridged dictionaries. I've en joyed doing puzzles all my life. I've won a few small prizes, but mostly I do them for the fun of it. When my husband came home and handed me this calendar. I read the whole twelve pages before I started the first contest, and I found that it was not only a contest calendar, but a whole encyclopedia on safety." Louis Rich, winner of second prize, is 30 years old and married. He is em ployed as a clerk for Milwaukee county. This is the twelfth word-building con test in which he has won top prizes. He is a memory expert as well as a puzzle fan. giving demonstrations and courses in memory training. His versatility also runs to music, and he has written more than 200 songs, some of which have been "Nothing exciting or important to tell you about myself and my ace," ;,he writes. "Oh. well, my daughter is 22 years old: you can do the figuring." She adds that she has won a dumber of small prizes and that this is her third prize within a year. She will keep try ing, she says, until the prizes are large enough to permit her to retire. It was no trivial task to determine which of the many entries were the best. First a master list was drafted, contain ing all legitimate three-letter word com binations possible to derive from the letters in "Universal Safety." Next the entries were checked against this list. If an entry contained words not found in the master list, these words were re checked with an 11-volume unabridged dictionary. Then all words which could not be allowed under the contest rules were stricken, and the remaining words were totalled to determine the final count. Many elaborate lists were eliminated from the contest when numerous dupli cates of words were stricken, as in the case of "eve" and "Eve." Other lists were pared down by the disqualification of abbreviations. Some contestants made the error of using letters more often than they appeared in the slogan "Universal Safety." Some used letters which did not appear in the slogan at all. Before it was all over, the judges felt that they had been obliged to do more work than the contestants. But the re sponse to the contest was gratifying to the National Safety Council as an indi cation of the interest commanded by the current Safety Calendar. As this issue goes to press, entries are pouring in for the February contest, which places more emphasis on skill in maneuvering words, and less on hard digging in dictionaries. The February competition is a word-unscrambling con test in connection with which a brief safety essay must be written. Winners will be announced in the April issue of the National Safety News. William R. Haney, 929 Cedar Street, Cam den. N. J. (Calendar from Kieckhefer Con tainer Company.) J. S. Swan, 8232 Lou Dillon Avenue, Los Angeles, Calif, (Calendar from The Texas Company.) Professor: "What's the common im pediment in the speech of American people?" Freshman: "Chewing-gum." NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS *t*t iv lr ' . 'JO u' C^\ HERE'S THE ANSWER TO f YOUR Why waste time searching for a source of supply, or "`shopping around" for various types of safety equipment? Simplify your buying! Get the big, new Pulmosan Catalog, which places at your fingertips, descrip tions and information on every item you need to provide dependable safety in your plant. You will find respirators, goggles, masks, helmets, safety clothing, ladders, machine guards and countless other safety devices of proven merit. Buy from the Pulmosan Catalog ... with confi- s i-JESS dence and economy. Industrial plants in every part of the country make Pulmosan their head quarters for safety equipment. Send the coupon below for your free copy of the new Pulmosan Catalog. Use it for handy reference whenever you need safety equipment. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Member; industrial Safely Equip. 176 Johnson St., Brooklyn, N. /. Mich. Distributor: THE BOYER-CAMPBELL CO., Detroit Lake Superior Dist, Bistr.: W. P, & R. $. MARS, Duluth, Minn. THIS COUPON BRINGS yOUR COPYII Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp., 176 Johnson St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Gentlemp-: Send your new Safety Catalog, without cost or obligation. individual #sJ***snW,IInaai5 SERVICE It*s the sure and dependable eye pro tection that Super-Drednnut and only Snper-Drednant gobies can give. because they embody AIX THREE of the following features-- 1-- Self-Adjusting Nose Bridge, which instantly and automatically adjusts itself comfortably to any size or shape of nose. 2-- Non-Rubber Headband, which con tains no rubber yet. when properly adjusted it will maintain the desired tension and stay adjusted indefinite ly. It cannot be injured by over extension and is not affected by moisture, perspiration, oil or grease. 3-- Super-Drednaut Deep Curve Lenses, developed by us ten years ago have proven, through tests, long wear and hard usage that they provide a great- r strength, greater resistance to hard blows than any other form of lenses. They are free from distortion and surface imperfections. And. another important tact - - one that means MAXIMA. M eve protec tion--is. that even if lens .iuiiiid be come broken by a tremendous blow the curvature tends to prevent the glass from being driven into the eve, ONLY curved lenses 0 \\ an,, this protection. Super-Drednauts are tiailv pn venting eye injuries to thousand- <<l > .o kitten because thev give MAXIMI M nrnteetion. Send for a Super*Drednaut today and put it to the test THE SAFETY EQUIPMENT SERVICE COM- <v EW Buell W. Nutt, President 1228 St. Clair Avenue, Ge.e et _-o OS Manufacturers of a Complete Line of Accident-Prevention Equt out- ^Le ^ e is A WONDERFUL ORGAN BUT 0 J THE small cost of correct eye protection for welders puts Willson-Weld glass within the reach of all. The welder using a Willson goggle, helmet or handshield equipped with Willson-Weld glass is as sured of adequate protection against eye ailments aggravated by dangerous light rays. The manufacturer or company owners are bound to enjoy, no matter how many or how few welders in their plant, a minimum of lost time and compensation expense. Two pieces of welding glass of identical color may represent two extremes of ability to cut off dangerous infra-red and ultra violet rays from any source of light. The cut-off power of Willson-Weld is obtained by the use of special chemical ingredients and to prevent confusion with other glasses of a greenish cast, every genuine piece bears the \W\nf registered trademark. Willson-Weld is furnished in ten shades, one or another of which is suitable for any welding operation. Through shade six or darker, there is no infra-red transmission and in the lighter shades only a negligible portion can pass thru. Send for a shade chart showing the exact shade to use for any welding job. Exclusive Willson Welding Devices Willson Welding Helmet No. 20 is made of durable black fibre with riveted construction in im proved design, and has a flip front glass holder molded of a fine grade plastic composition which will not warp, dent or bend. It is not a conductor of electric ity and is unaffected by moisture or extreme tem peratures. It is fitted with Willson-Weld glass, easily replaceable and has a comfortable adjust able, three-position headgear. The flip front per mits frequent, quick job inspection without the necessity of raising the helmet. Price: $9.90 each. Patented. Willson Chip-Weld Goggle, DCSO The Willson line of industrial safety devices is complete, and there are more than 100 Willson gog gle styles, one of which serves some industrial pur pose better than any other type. The complete line includes Dustite Respirators, Fume and Smoke Masks, Air Line Respirators, Welding Goggles, Helmets and Handshields, Abrasive Blasting Hel mets, and the most widely used of all industrial goggle lenses, Willson Flat Super-Tough. If you do not have a copy of the new Willson catalog, why not send today for one to Willson Products, Inc., Reading, Pa. This new Willson goggle is for use on jobs where welding, brazing, burning or cutting is interrupted frequently to permit inspection or grinding, flat tening and forming work. Much time is saved by simply flipping up the hinged frames which hold the 50 mm. Willson-Weld lenses in place. In the cups under the filter lenses are 50 mm. Flat Super Tough lenses for protection from flying particles, etc. DC50 is comfortable, well ventilated and can be worn over spectacles when necessary. Price: $4.50 each. Patented. WILLSON PRODUCTS Th9 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS U published monthly by the National Safety Council. Kv N- rth Wicker Drive. Chicago. Ill, Yearly SuMori-tlon Price $4.00. Volume 33, Number , Entered a* second claia matter June 1. 1921, *t the Postoffice at Chicago, Illinois, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Additional entry at St, Joseph. Michigan. APRIL, 1936 2 Grips Foot or Tire 4-Ways 4-Way Safety Extra Stiffness 4-Way Matching . . . Inland 4-Way Floor Plate The most widely used floor plate is Inland 4-Way. It has earned this leadership since 1931 by offering 4 advantages in exclusive combination. The Inland 4-Way Pattern (Patented) provides 4-Way Safety; the projections center one another at right angles, pre senting equal traction all 4-ways instead of the usual 2. It matches 4-ways giving a continuous, neat, and safe pattern clear across the area covered. Since projec tions overlap equally 4-ways, it is equally stiff along all dimensions. And it drains and sweeps readily 4-ways. Made in 3 patterns, differing only in the size of projections and ranges of thickness (minimum 16 gage for Light, up to 3/i-inch for the Large Pattern) Inland 4-Way Floor Plate covers all requirements for steel safety treads. Leading warehouses stock it. Write for the latest folder. Includes stimulating illustrations, describes all ad vantages. INLAND STEEL COMPANY, 38 So. Dearborn St., Chicago, Illinois. Sheets Strip Tin Plate Plates Structural Piling Rails Track Accessories Bars Rivets Billets NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 3 Results speak louder than words 350 lb. PLATE HITS TOE Big companies rely on results. A Safety Director of a fam ous oil company submits graphic illustrations of "just a few of the injuries prevented by Hy-Test Safety Shoes." Similar accidents happen every day throughout the indus trial world in factories, foundries, mines and rolling mills. More and more Safety Directors are finding, by acnfal everyday experience that for durability, wear and dependability, Hy-Test Safety Shoes have distinct advantages. Foremost among these is the patented anchor flange, that ingenious method of safety shoe construction that takes the "maybe" out offoot protection. NO INJURY! Featured in all Hy-Test Safety Shoes, this patented anchor flange securely fastens the hco steel safety box under the insole in a manner insuring positive anchorage; anchorage that will with stand unbelievable stress and strain. 1500 lb. COIL STRIKES TOE This is the famous anchor flange. Note how it hooks un der the insole; safe, secure, reducing the possibility of tipping or shifting in the event of an accident. Were it not for this flange, an excessively heavy weight might cause a slipor tipback, crushing thefoot between the insole and the steel toe. SLIGHT BRUISE! Safety directors! When you buy, or urge your men to buy Hy-Test Safety Shoes, you know that they are as safe as modern shoe-making and mechanical ingenuity can make them. And, to an unusual degree, a revolutionary and exclusive com fort last provides dress-shoe com fort in a safety shoe. Our In-Stock Department can easi ly supply you with both dress and semi-dress models, as well as various work types for all specialized indus trial purposes. Details on request. H738 --CHOCOLATE ROSEITE (Water-Resisting) BLUCHER Leather Lined Vamp, X1 X A Weather wear Leather Sole, Leather Heel, Storm Welt, Isco Steel Box, Steel Arch, Indus try Last. D and E, 5-12. Goodyear Welt. Non-Spark Brass Nailed Leather Heel. Brass Hooks and Eyolots. 250 lb. BAR FALLS ON FOOT KEEPS ON WORKING! HY-TEST SAFETY SHOES DESIGNED AND MANUFACTURED EXCLUSIVELY BY INTERNATIONAL SHOE COMPANY, ST. LOUIS, MO. WE WORLD'S LARGEST SHOE MANUFACTURER APRIL. 1936 ONE YEAR OLD . . and already it- stands alone CONGRATULATIONS: Just one year ago this lusty infant first saw the light of day. Conceived through the desire of safety men every where for a publication that would fit the needs of that all important liaison between workers and executives, THE INDUSTRIAL SUPERVISOR quickly took its rightful place in the family of safety literature. And how prodigiously this infant has grown! Today it literally stands alone. So cordially has it been received into the family that its circulation is just double what its most enthusiastic sponsors hoped for. Sannole copies and prices will be sent on request. If you're not using THE INDUSTRIAL SUPERVISOR you are missing a good bet. Why not look into the matter today? National Safety Council/ Inc. 20 North Wacker Drive Chicago, III. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 5 APRIL, 1936 National Safety News Volume 33 Published mon thly in the interest of accident prevention and industrial health APRIL, 1936 _____________ ___ Number 4 Contents Employee Training--.C. H. Murray............................................................... 10 A Plea for the Negative--Alvhh R. Lauer .................................... 12 Good Housekeeping in a Chemical Plant--Carman T. Fish ............. 15 Welding Wisdom--James I. Banash . ........................ ..............................IT No Motors Menace Their Play......................................... .. ............. .. 19 Safety Takes the Field...................................................................................... 20 Gasoline Fires in Garages--J. T. O'Brien................................................. 21 Is Safety Profitable?--Ask Milwaukee--C. F. Scheer..........................23 The Sight-Meter Tells the Story.................................................................... 25 Safety Council Launched at New York Conference ............................... 26 Water and Fatigue............................................................................... 27 Evanston's Safety Record Wins Another Grand Prize..........................28 On to Atlantic City............................................................................................. 29 What's In Your First-Aid Kits?--Murray D. Smith . .......................... 33 Phenol--Industrial Data Sheet D. Chem. 3 ............... .. 34 Contestants Show Skill in Unscrambling Words.................................... 80 DEPARTMENTS Editorial................................................ 9 The Manar'ng Director's Page . . .14 The Safety Exchange .......... .30 The Safety Library ............22 Industrial Health .............................. 33 The Bulletin Board.......................... 40 Personals .............................................. 56 Coming Events ................................... 68 The Honor Roll.................................69 With the Manufacturer.................... 72 CARMAN T. FISH. Editor S. H. KERSHAW. Poster Editor Copyright i936 by National Safety OuneU, Inc. Printed in U S A Entered is second-class matter June L 1921, at the Post Office at Chicago. 111., under the act of Much J, 1879. Additional entry at st, Joseph, Mich. The price to members for extra subscriptions to the NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS is *4.00 per rear. Single copies. 40 cents. Reduced quantity prices for yearly sub- C. F. SCHEER, Associate Editor C. H. MILLER, Advertising Manager scriptions and single copies on request. Subscriptions are available only to members of the National Safety CounclL .Member Audit Bureau of Circulation. This magazine is indexed In the Industrial Arts Index. Statements and opinions adranced in signed articles are indirfdusl expressions of their authors, not those of the National Safety Council. National Safety Council, Inc. 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, U. S. A. Office of the Education Division, 1 Park Ave., New York City Honorary Members ROBERT W. CAMPBELL ARTHUR WILLIAMS ASSOCIATION OF IRON A STEEL ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS 6 National Safety Council Officers, 1935-36 Cassias H. Watson, M. D., President D, IX Fennell, Vice-President for Pub lic Relations Hart E. Fisher, M. D.. Vice-President for Health John B. Gibson, Vice-President for Safety Councils Hon. Harold G. Hoffman. Vice-President for Public Safety Albert S. Regula, Vice-President for Engineering A. V. Rohwedeb, Vice-President for In dustrial Safety R, T. Sulensten, Vice-President for Membership Albert W. Whitney, Vice-President for Education William E. Worth, Vice-President for Finance and Treasurer W. H. Cameron, Managing Director Executive Committee Members at Large The Above Officers and: Harold $. Buttenheim. The American Cttu Robert I. Gatlin, Aetna Casuality and Surety Co. Harry Guilbert, The Pullman Co. Thomas H. MacDonald, U. S. Bureau of Public Roads E, J. Mehren, Portland Cement Assn. I. W. Millard, Industrial Gloves Corp. George E. Sanford, General Electric Co. C. W. Smith, Standard Oil Co.. Ind.) Safely Council Representatives Gen. John H. Sherburne, Massachusetts Safety Council Walter Dent Smith, Delaware Safety Council Donald A. Finkbeiner, Toledo, Safety Council Edwin A. Kayser, Nt. Louis Safety Council Robert L. Schmitt, Louisville Safety Council R. B. Fortuin, Lehigh Valiev Safety Council James M. Strike, St. Joseph. Mo., Safety Council Sectional Representatives A. L. Armstrong. Chemical C. W. Dempesy, Food Oapt. E. W. Fiske, Jr., Marine E. E, Grant, Paper and Pulp William C. Knoelk, Street and High way Traffic J. A. Purdy, Wood Products L. T. Winegar, Aut've & Machine Shop Past Presidents Robert W. Campbell Arthur T. Morey l4tw R. Palmer David Van Sghaax* Ralph C. Richards* Charles P. Tolkan Arthur H. Young Marcus A. Dow Lewis A. DeBlois Carl B. Auel Charles B. Scott Walter G. King Homer E. Nies2* Lt.-Col. Henry A. Reninger L. Eugene Prttibone Carl W. Bergquist James I. Banash John E. Long Deceased 7 TRADE 6 TABLOID'--MARK FIRST-AID ZZ 'TABLOID' first-aid ("PAC-KIT") 36 UNIT Illustrated herewith, is one of the outstanding equipments especially designed to meet the requirements of industry. Full details and quotations on request Please send me latest `Tabloid' First-Aid literature Firm Name... Address-- Individual's Name_ Official Capacity___ APRIL, 1936 SAFEGUARDS ...... No matter how thoroughly the individual artisan is protected in his factory work by mechanical safe guards--his protective equipment is incomplete un less `Tabloid' First-Aid is instantly available when accidental injuries occur. ' BURROUGHS WELLCOME & CO. u,nsca) 9 & ii East Forty-first Street wsabassa* NEW YORK CITY A. ssociat. edi Hrrouses: London (Eng.) Montreal Sydney Cape Town Bombay Shanghai Buenos Aires Milan 8 The F-3144 A Smaller FUL-VUE Goggle for Women .... and Men With Small Features Eight months ago a revolutionary new goggle was introduced -- the F-3100 Ful-Vue goggle -- Thenew F-3144 Ful-VueGoggleis designed for women and men with small features. It has high-up end-pieces .. pearl non-inflam mable nose pads .. o-Curvc Super Armorptate Lenses. (Patented) F-3100 --76D---25 MM Between Leases F-3144 -- 68P --23 MM Between Lenses patterned and designed after the famous Ful-Vue Glasses. Its comfort and appearance won the preference of both have high end-pieces for completely unobstructed vi workers right from the start. sion, pearl nose pads for comfort, 6-Curve Super-Armorplate Now a smaller Ful-Vue Goggle is introduced -- the F-3144 -- for women workers and for men with small features. This Lenses for greater resistance to impact, and the other patented Ful-Vue features. goggle duplicates the F-3100 in every way except size . . . The F-,5144 Ful-Vue Goggle is particularly practical for use with Super-Armorplate prescription lenses. An mencan industrial representative from an American Optical Company branch office near you will gladly show you this smaller Ful-Vue Goggle. Call him in today. ptical Company Manufacturer*, for more than 100 year*, of product* to aid and preserve vision. Factories at Soutbbridge, Mas*. In Canada, Consolidated Optical Co., Ltd. Branch office* in all principal industrial centers. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 9 APRIL, 1936 ,4#r. ..... vt #. SAFETY ME Published by National Safety Council, Inc. Before Good Housekeeping "D ACK in the days when the front office was replete with frock coats, side whiskers and dignity, cleanliness in the shop was an unappreciated virtue: it was even considered effeminate. Men carried the grime of the foundry to their homes. Shower baths at the plant were unknown. Too often a crusted basin of cold water and a bar of yellow laundry soap com prised the shop's wash-up facilities. If the shop was really progressive, a roller towel as dingy as its surroundings was added to the equipment. Tobacco juice and cobwebs were approved first aid remedies. Dark, dirty factory buildings were reflected in unkempt homes. The Saturday night bath and the Sunday morning shave were traditions. If this picture seems overdrawn, let us quote from ''Engi neering Achievements," the yearbook of the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company, a description of a typical plant of 1881: ``Our shops were dark and dingy, poorly ventilated, poorly heated, and generally unsanitary. Heating was accomplished through the medium of egg stoves, coal or coke tired, and not too liberally distributed through the shops. In the shop, light was furnished by tallow candles and coal oil lamps; in the offices, the only illumination was by kerosene wick-fed lamps with glass chimneys--hot, smelly and poorly adapted for lighting purposes. The incandescent carbon filament lamp was not yet in use." For the improvement in industrial housekeeping we must not overlook the credit due to better illumination. The carbon arc lamp, the carbon filament incandescent lamp and the modern mazda have all made their contributions to progress. Conditions which were tolerated under the dim kerosene lamps showed up in all their repulsiveness when the electric lights were turned on. Advertising has played its part also. Manufacturers of plumbing, paint, dust collecting equipment, soap and clean ing compounds have helped to raise the hygienic and esthetic standards for both factory and home. The advertising man, the printer, the engraver and the photographer have ail im proved their technique since the days of the brown derby and the handlebar mustache. Nor is it inappropriate to add that the vehicles carrying the advertising have increased their appeal. Trade and technical publications are serving their fields much more effectively, and they have played an important part in raising standards of taste, comfort and hygiene. Many states have outlawed the roller towel and the com munal drinking cup, but high standards are still far from universal. Clean factories, clean homes and clean communi ties have a measurable value in improving the health and increasing the productiveness of the workers, and there are other values that cannot be estimated in dollars alone. Modern Times TT IS called "Modern Times", but the only modern thing about Charlie Chaplin's latest picture is its setting. It has an underlying theme as old as humanity itself-- APRIL, 1936 the struggle of men to earn a living in a fiercely competitive society. The men who riot at the factory gates are moved by the same impulses as the medieval peasants who burned the chateaux of the lords, and the embattled artisans who stormed the Bastille. The same drama has bhen reenacted in different settings throughout the ages. "Modern Times" is as starkly grim as any communist propaganda. Without the rough house comedy it would be too strong for popular consumption. There is a wistfulness about Charlie in his struggle with machinery and regimentation. His part is that of a dreamer unable to adapt himself to a practical world. His antics amid a fantastic mass of gears and flywheels, which is sup posed to represent modern industry, draw many a laugh, but the picture is likely to prove depressing. Underneath the slapstick pantomine is a rather biting insight. The indictment of modern times is not that they are worse than previous ages. Even a superficial reading of history will dispel that idea. But it is disappointing to observe the slowness of our progress in the social sciences in contrast to our advances in the mechanical arts. A too intensive worship of efficiency sometimes blinds us to essential human values. The Twenty-fifth Congress T^HE Twenty-fifth Annual Safety Congress will go to Atlantic City at the invitation of the leaders of New Jersey's public and business life. The cordiality of the invi tation and the local preparations that have been under way for several years indicate that this year's Congress will be a memorable event in Safety history. Not since 1928 has a Congress been held on the Atlantic Coast where a large proportion of the Council's membership is located. Atlantic City has been the scene of many of the country's largest conventions and its hotels offer excep tional accommodations for both guests and meetings. While the hotels offer several thousand rooms at a wide variety of prices, the selection will become more limited as the Congress week approaches. A list of conveniently located hotels and their rates will be found on page 29 of this issue. The date: October 5 to 9,1936. In This issue ^/TAPABLE supervisors and loyal, able men are the ^sparks which keep a business alive," says C. H. Murray. Training develops these men and their leaders, and the American Rolling Mill Company's methods of training go far beyond mere technical job requirements. (Page 10). Tne negative appeal has its place in safety work and here is quite a convincing case for its judicious use. Dr. Alvhh R. Lauer, who makes psychology understandable and palat able for the layman, gives a few sound "don'ts" for fleet superintendents. Any safety man may adopt them. (Page 12). ' Standards of housekeeping must be high in a chemical plant, both for safety of workers and to maintain the quality of the product. (Page IS). 10 A parade used to be one of the favorite methods of arousing interest in a no-accident campaign. Employee MPLOYEE training may be de E scribed as the most scientific kind of accident prevention work. It supplies the all-important element that Training was lacking in the safety programs of previous years. Let us glance quickly at the history of modem accident prevention work. Many older men will remember that industrial plants were not always as safe and well maintained as they are today, though they are still far from being safe enough. With the opening of the present cen tury, the small workshops began to dis Then came the realization that acci dent prevention had a human side, as well as a mechanical side. In this second period, we tried to appeal to men's emo tions. We held old-fashioned camp meet ings, and the "demon accident" was hauled over the coals in Carrie Nation style. The plight of the injured and their dependents was vividly pictured to the workers as we pleaded with them to avoid getting hurt. Next we attempted to prevent acci dents with signs and slogans. Plants were gaily decorated with colorful signs, and while the varnish was fresh, their action was positive. But when novelty appear. In their place rose great fac dulled, they were just another crop of tories. Our present age of mass pro safety signs. "Watch Your Step", "Safe duction came on us quickly with many ty First", "Don't Get Hurt", became perplexing problems. One of these was familiar expressions in every plant. the prevention of injuries to human be Then came the safety campaign--the ings. So serious did it become that it no accident month. Parades were held, actually threatened the progress of in headed by goats purporting to belong to dustrial America. Old Man Accident. Workers carried In 1912 certain forward looking lead amusing signs threatening bodily injury ers of industry decided to organize a to this fictitious character. More camp council for the exchange of accident pre meetings were held. What was the re vention experience. The influence of that sult? An accident early in the month organization, the National Safety Coun was bound to be attended by a break cil, is felt not only in industry but in down in morale, and anything might the streets and in the homes. It is a splendid organization doing a splendid happen. We were not upon sound foot ing. We did a splendid job of advertis work. ing the virtues of accident prevention Thus far there have been three dis but we neglected to train men in how tinct periods in the development of to prevent accidents. accident prevention work. It is not my intention to speak slight The first of these might well be called the "mechanical safety era." Accident ingly of what was accomplished in these earlier periods. In the steel industry, prevention consisted mainly of designing and installing guards for machinery. It was largely a child of the drafting room. Guards helped a lot, but they could not prevent all accidents. By C. H. MURRAY Assistant to the President, The American Rolling Mill Co., Middletown, Ohio accident severity was reduced consider ably. We had to crawl before we could walk, and the experience we gained in our first efforts has been the foundation of this present chapter in accident pre NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS THOUGHTS ON TRAINING vention work. This is the day of em ployee-training--of training men to do their jobs right and encouraging them to think. There is no better or more per manent safeguard than a thinking man. I am not speaking of employee train ing in relation to accident prevention aione. Its influence is even greater than that. I am referring to the economic benefits which industry needs so badly as companies grow larger and competi tion keener. The 1936 model of a business is a very complicated thing. Inventive genius has created marvelous machinery and smooth-running conveyors which obey the touch of a push button. Management has delegated responsibilities, created countless departments, and established wonderful systems of business control which reveal at a glance the day's sales, the day's production, the number of ac cidents, the costs, and all the other im portant factors which enter into the conduct of a business. On the face of it, the successful man agement of a modern business seems as simple as consulting a railroad timetable. But it isn't at all. Business needs both / Capable supervisors ami foyalf able men: are: the spafks which keep a business alive. There never was a system or a machine which could think. An accident really is a mistake coming to light.. In the long run every foreman is an assistant to the presidents Do we fully realize how important this thing called "the job" is to the average man? The supervisor is the only person who can maintain a Steady flow of ideas from the mem To do so he must receive those: ideas with enthusiasm? he must investigate them with earer and always give full: credit to the maker. One of the finest thing# you can do for a man is to help him help himself. organization and management. The con trol of the system lies in the brains of men. There never was a system or a machine which could think. You can't wind up a business as you do an alarm clock. Capable supervisors and loyal, able men are the sparks that keep the business alive. Remove these, and you soon have a broken-down structure-- just another rusting, crumbling monu ment to an industrial failure. By in creasing individual skill, by winning the interest and cooperation of men, by building teamwork between individuals, employee training prevents accidents to costs, to quality of product, and to ser vice, as well as to human beings. After all, just what is an accident? Something that happened when you didn't think it was going to happen. Really it is a mistake coming to light. An injury is the result of an accident. Accidents reveal the foreman's short comings as a manager. Accidents do not always injure people. There are probably thirty accidents to equipment or to material for every one which even slightly injures a human be ing. Statistics will show in our industry that there are on the average 300 minor injuries to one lost time injury. You may wonder, "Well, what about that?" The facts are that any of those 30 acci dents which didn't scratch a man, or any of those 300 minor injuries might have taken a human life. Strange things hap pen every day. One man may fall 30 feet and escape with a few bruises; another may slip on a grease spot on the floor and break a leg; still another man may fall six feet and break his neck. After the accident happens, you can't control the severity of an injury. To prevent injuries we must prevent acci dents. If industry expects to continue to im prove its safety record on a broad scale --and it must continue to improve be cause accidents of all kinds represent a major source of useless costs--it must become still more active and more prac tical in training employees. In speaking of employee training there is sometimes a tendency to think in Learning the details of their jobs in an Armco training class. (Please turn to page io) APRIL, 1936 12 A Plea for the NEGATIVE And a few "don'ts" for the traffic superintendent and safety director By ALVHH R. LAUER, Ph.D. .1 s.iociate Professor of Psychology. Iowa State College HEN is it necessary to say don't? W Negative training, long con tinued, is supposed to be un desirable, but under certain conditions it may be more effective than positive instruction. You can't warn a man to lay off liquor without putting a "don't" in somewhere. Sometimes safety pro grams are not scientifically sound, and in such cases the razing of existing meth ods is as important as the development of new ones. This is the excuse for a negative approach in this article. Often you have heard the remark, "But it worked, and that is proof enough for me." Grandmother's asafetida bag was supposed to have protected some of us from chickenpox, mumps and other contagious diseases, but doctors no long er believe in charms and magic. They resort to vaccines. An alleged way to remove warts is to rub a bean on the wart, then throw the bean over one's right shoulder into a well. When the bean decays, the wart will supposedly disappear. Another method is to use an electric needle. Snake oil may go through sole leather but it is doubtful whether it .penetrates the human tissue and effects the cures that the producers .claim. Similarly, cer tain items in a safety program may ap pear to achieve the desired results, when in actuality they merely salve the surface of the trouble. Xow let us look at a few don'ts which a traffic superintendent would do well to study carefully: 1. Don't try to scare your men into safe driving practices. 2. Don't treat accidents as a pestilence. 5. Don't expect your driving accidents to dear up without a careful diagnosis. 4. Don't use methods of diagnosis which are not recognized and well standardized. 5. Don't stop with a diagnosis. 6. Don't expect one simple measurement to give you the picture of a driver's potentialities. Don't consider any driver so nearly per fect that he will not have an acrident. 8, Don't preach safety and practice reckless ness. 9. Don't expect results without a continued scientific and systematic effort to analyze causes of accidents, and inaugurate remedial measures. Men who have accidents are "safety sick". They may be chronically afflicted, or they may be only acutely ill. You would not expect a man on sick leave to regain his health more rapidly by a bawl ing out. This would only make him more nervous and retard his recovery. There is no reason to believe that men can be scared into safety habits. Articles like "And Sudden Death," by J. C. Furnas, which appeared in the August, 1935 Reader's Digest may have a place in creating a safety conscious public, but a relatively small one. If continued for any length of time this type of treatment would tend to callous the group mind. The latter, of course, is merely the sum-total of individual minds making up that group. The gross effect of such articles continued over a long period would be the same as the effect that war has upon the attitudes toward horrors which accompany it. "Our army advanced 10 kilometers with a loss of but 500 men." So runs the bulletin. It might have been S,000. Yes, only 500 men! Think of but on el Mangled, torn to shreds, buried in pieces-- not ail his own! Letters from little sister requesting a German shoulder strap and prattling on about the folks at home. A souve nir for his mother Alvhh R. Lauer bought at the little Don't expect one simple measurement to give you the picture of the driver's potentialities. French shop but not sent. Pocket para phernalia, photograph of his sweet heart--all scattered on the hillside. Yet the bulletin from headquarters com ments glibly on the mere sum of 500 men killed in action. Why? Largely because of being cal loused by repeated experiences of such horrors. One experience might have a desired effect as a shock stimulus. If repeated, a reaction might set in and bring about a hardened attitude. News paper articles depicting accident horrors, or posters designed to evoke fear, should be used sparingly. Conversely, however, there are those who may think that calling a-man's weaknesses to his attention may pre dispose him to accidents by auto-sugges tion. There may be isolated cases where some such effect would take place. This hardly can be classified as "scaring" the driver. If such scientific advice is bad then most medical practice would be open to question. According to this line of reasoning, a man suffering from a serious disease had better risk dying of hxs malady than be frightened to the point of committing suicide by obtaining medical attention and being apprised of his condition. It suffices to say that in medicine the good effects so far outnum ber the bad that the latter, if they exist, NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 13 must be tolerated. Medical advice need not be of "scare-head" variety. Psycho logical advice is much less so. Don't treat accidents as a pestilence. Too often safety education is handled as the health officer treats the measles--by simply placing up a sign, "Measles, Stay Out." How often have you read the warnings, "Dangerous Curve", "Danger, Stay Out". "Poison"? The railroads have most successfully met the danger of low bridges or underpasses by suspend ing rope guards on either side of the bridge. The trainman on top of the box car gets a forewarning in the way of a mild rap from the ropes as he passes. Warnings of this specific, timely type will get the idea across in a concrete way. They are more effective than gen eral warning signs, which are too much in evidence. It is not to be inferred that gen eral warning signs are without value; merely that they should be supple mented by specific, terse, and pointed markers which cannot be misconstrued or overlooked. This is only half the argument. A man should not be told merely to avoid something he does not understand well, but he should be trained to follow a course of action which will lead to safety in the performance of duties. Let us illustrate: Prof. R. A. Moyer of our Engineering School has shown by road tests that tire side-slip is at a minimum when the co efficient of friction is at the maximum. The average driver, on taking a comer, will most likely use his brakes when he feels the back wheels slipping sidewise. Actually he should accelerate slightly to keep his wheels roiling with no retarda tion or acceleration. This will greatly reduce skid. The practice is followed by most expert drivers. Ignorance of the principle or failure to allow for it is known to be the cause of many skidding accidents of ordinary drivers. It illus trates the idea that teaching men to get out of dangerous places is at least as important as keeping them from getting in. Don't expect your driving accidents to dear up without a careful diagnosis. "Trouble-shooters" must know where the trouble is located before they can fix it. Linemen must have more training than merely, "Keep the line from being grounded." This is too general. Yet the same men read posters every morning which warn them to "Drive Safely", and "Save a Life". A diagnosis of traffic accidents re quires a careful study. The following outline indicates a partial list of factors need of medical attention; or as the to be studied: number of turns of the engine before t. How many accidents do we have per 1,000 starting is an index to the value of an miles driven? automobile. Any single item, though it 2. How do these accidents take place? may be very important, is only one of V When do they take place? 4. Which types of vehicles are most fre quently involved in accidents? 5. Who was driving these vehicles at the time of the accident? 6. What are the relative hazards of our driv ing territory as compared to other companies, numerous factors involved and must be interpreted in light-of other conditions in force at the moment. Another source of danger is the adop tion of some makeshift device which has not been standardized. A measurement or the general public? \ What type of accidents do "repeaters" have ? S. Why do these men have accidents? (You will find a few of your drivers having most of the accidents.) is only valuable when it can be repeated with very similar results and when it is known to measure what it purports to measure. Many times common-sense theory is wrong. Diseases were formerly Xow you are ready for a more detailed diagnosis. A psychophysical examina tion of the drivers who have accidents will answer most of the points related to the eighth question. Don't use methods of diagnosis which are not recognized and well standard ized. held to be due to humors in the blood. By bleeding a man such humors could be reduced and heaith restored. So rea soned the medical profession of two centuries ago. It looked like the thing to do; a dictate of common-sense. Xow we do the opposite. Science has shown that man needs more blood in emergen cies rather than less blood. The ama Safety engineers are rapidly coming to teur mechanic overgreases your car realize the need for other measures of wheels. His theory is that, 'if one dose accident-proneness than the crude obser is good, two doses are better. Sounds vational methods used in the past. The reasonable, but ruins your brakes. demand cannot be adequately tilled. En The most reasonable way to learn a thusiastic organizations are selecting driver's traits, it would seem, would be spectacular devices designed to measure to ride with him and observe his driving. certain "so-called" defects responsible Experimental studies have shown, how for accidents. A word of warning should ever, that the "watched driver becomes be interjected here. There is no one cause the careful driver". Unless the driver is of accidents. There are no two, three, or so obviously inexperienced as to tie four causes. There are numerous causes. A test of reaction time used alone is (Please turn to page sS) about as indicative of accident-prone ness as pulse rate is diagnostic of one's You can't persuade a man to lay off liquor without using a few `don'ts." APRIL, 1936 14 The Managing Director's Page After 25 Years as in the case of the foreman, there will never be genuine safety until the individual looks after his own bailiwick. REDERICK A. KEPPEL, president of the Carnegie F Foundation in New York, recently said that "I could Emphasis must be placed more directly on the units. Fore have told you a great deal better, or at any rate a great men must he told that the success of the entire plant will deal more confidently, twenty-five years ago that I can to mean their success, and they must have an interest, in the night. I won't even ask what is science, or what is research: I shall merely point out that we are faced by an endless series total plant's performance; but, after all, there are few fore men who can greatly affect the plant policies. Too many of problems arising from the application to human welfare." factors beyond their understanding or influence are involved. The average foreman must be made to understand that the Dr. Keppel was speaking of education but his remarks plant's total safety record depends on his individual per apply with equal force to any phase of human activity. At formance in his own department. the end of any quarter century of his experience, any human being would like to withdraw his early opinions and revise his recommendations. -6-- Nothing could be more evident than the oft-repeated ex perience that safety is a live and growing thing. We never reach the end of its implications, nor do we yet know about the precise methods of teaching it and following through on the one best method. A week or two ago I was startled when the manager of a large industrial plant told me that he had learned a new and startling fact about safety in his plant. And this after twentyfive years of really marvelous application of the best known safety principles. This company had been winning national and local awards for superlative safety records for years. It was at the top of its class. "Here is the perfect safety plant," was the onlooker's impression. "It has done a consistently good job; its records prove it. Others should follow in its footsteps." But as the manager started his new year and talked about the record of the Smith Manufacturing Company, he sud denly came to realize that none of his foremen was definitely interested in e whole plant. Their jobs depended on the individual; wformance of their own departments. They lived and fought for their own departments. This revelation led to a new statement of the plant's safety problem. The manager said to each one of his foremen: "Don't think of the Smith Manufacturing plant's total record; think and work for your own department's safety. If you will make a perfect record in your foreman's department, as the other foremen will do likewise, we can assure and continue our plant record on a scale that has never been achieved before." INTERESTING ITEMS During March the National Safety Council employed eight new field representatives and conducted an inten sive training course in its headquarters. Twelve out-of town speakers contributed to this program. 'These highly capable representatives have been assigned to eight terri torial districts and will work with public officials, civic groups and business leaders in organizing and promot ing local and national interests in traffic safety problems. From time to time information will be given to the mem bers of the Council on activities in the field. ** Probably every member and cooperator has read the story in the March issue NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS --"Safe till Tomorrow?"--which provided an outline of a program to organize automobile owners and users among industrial employees for the promotion of safer driving. This plan ties up with our challenge to all citi zens to bring about a reduction in traffic accidents of 35 per cent by the end of 1940. The article referred to will be reprinted in pamphlet form and made available to members in the hope that they can carry out the auto mobile club plan recommended. ### How natural and consistent with human living was this change in responsibility. Accomplishment of any kind is by units of service. It is all very well to talk about community safety, or a certain corporation's annual record, but after all the community will have a good safety record just insofar as each household, and each individual in the household, can be persuaded to look after its own backyard. The time may come when the local governmental authorities will inspect homes and demand protection for children and parents but. _ "The early bird gets the best hotel accommodations." Don't fail to watch for announcements in this and other issues of the NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS on the 25th Annual Safety Congress and Exposition--Atlantic City, October 5-9. There are dozens of hotels at Atlantic City and a list of some of them is presented in this issue of the NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 15 Good Housekeeping in a Chemical Plant By CARMAN T. FISH Modem facilities encourage a thor ough job of washing up. and some are harmless, but cleanliness of both plant and product is essential in maintaining the quality of the pro WO items which are indispensable Tin the safety program of a chemical company are good housekeeping and duct, as well as the health and safety of the worker. At the entrance to the employment protective clothing. While the chemicdael partment of the St. Louis plant is a industry does not stand alone in its need sign which notifies prospective employ for high standards of housekeeping, the ees that this is a chemical plant and that precautions which are desirable in other conditions of employment specify ob establishments become vital when the servance of all safety rules, including materials to be processed are toxic or the wearing of any protective clothing combustible. required for the job. In selecting a sign So we find plant and personal cleanli for this purpose the company found that ness occupying a prominent place in the none of the ten thousand stock messages safety activities of the Monsanto Chem available carried the exact meaning, so ical Company. This company, with a sign was made to order. headquarters in St. Louis, Mo., operates Methods of maintaining good house a large number of plants located at many keeping vary with Monsanto plants due points in the United States and in Eng to differences in operations, equipment land. The products of these plants and physical arrangements. The plants range from food preservatives to com at St. Louis and at Monsanto, Illinois, mercial acids and other heavy industrial use no porters or janitors in operating chemicals. A complete list would be al departments. These departments depend most as extensive as the U. S. Pharma upon their own employees to maintain copoeia. Some of the products are toxic the high standards of cleanliness and order. Other plants in the United States and abroad employ modifications of this Rucks aid housekeeping and provide safe storage for barrels. system which seem best adapted to their individual requirements. The system employed at Monsanto, Illinois, has attracted considerable at tention. The entire plant, which totals ,55 acres, is divided into fiv(e housekeep ing areas. These five areas are subdi vided into smaller areas including build ings or manufacturing departments. These latter subdivisions are still further subdivided and assigned to individual workmen. Someone is responsible for the housekeeping in every square foot of ground and floor space. There isn't any "no man's land." Each of the five major areas has a supervisor. His duties are primarily to observe housekeeping conditions in the area assigned to him and to call the at tention of the subdivision supervisors to any shortcomings in housekeeping. So far as order and cleanliness in their re spective areas are concerned, the five area supervisors represent the manage ment. The area supervisor has the authority and responsibility for ordering corrective work done in the area under his own Flowers and paint add a touch of fresh ness and color to the plant. APRIL, 1936 direct operating supervision. Outside his own area, his duty is to point out de fects and suggest improvements. It is also his duty to report to the plant man agement any cases of lack of cooperation or failure to carry out instructions in the matter of general housekeeping. In operating departments and else where throughout the plant are posted charts which show the major areas and subdivision and the men to whom super vision is assigned. In the departments are charts showing the area assigned to each worker. Thus every man in the plant knows his responsibilities. No in spections are held, as the system operates on the theory that inspection is constant. The system can best be judged by the results, and it has maintained high stand ards of housekeeping under difficult con ditions. At the Everett. Massachusetts, works of the Merrimac subsidiary a modifica tion of this plan is used. The yard is divided into sections and a man assigned to each section with the responsibility of maintaining order at all times. De partment superintendents, foremen and men are responsible for housekeeping in their respective departments. Periodic inspections are made by a committee of three, the safety engineer acting as chair man. The other members are taken from disinterested departments in the office. This gives some of the office personnel an opportunity to become bet ter acquainted with the plant and as sures a variety of viewpoints as to what conditions should be. Following the in spection the departments are rated as "Excellent," "Good," "Fair," or "Poor," according to the committee's findings. These ratings are posted on the plant bulletin boards. Ally Xo. 1 in the campaign to keep the chemical plant clean is the hose. Floors of the various departments are flushed several times a day. To avoid any serious slipping hazard, some floors are made of rather coarse concrete; others are of finer grain with carborun dum imbedded in the finishing coat. This provides a floor which is easy to keep dean but will not become slippery because of dampness. As additional pro tection against slipping, the use of safety shoes with non-slip soles and heels is encouraged. These, incidentally, are supplied to employees at cost. During the past winter, snow and ice caused considerable difficulty in the pas sageways between plants. During several weeks of the most severe weather the St. Protection for the eyes is stressed in all departments. Louis plant used a ton of salt a day to keep the pavements between buildings free from ice. Another aid to cleanliness and appear ance, as well as protection for wood and metal surfaces, is the liberal use of paint. As with the porter and janitor service, the painting is done by the employees of each department. In a chemical plant each color has a definite meaning, indicating the nature of the material carried in pipes o^ stored in tanks. A color code for piping is used, and the decorative effect is remi niscent of Chicago's vivid Century of Progress. Any employee around the St. Louis plant who is wearing a suit of tan cover alls is at once recognized as a worker in a department where toxic materials are handled. The men in this group have special locker and shower rooms. They receive a complete change of clothing every day, provided by the company and laundered without charge to the em ployee. Their street clothes are kept in separate locker compartments. Workers in these departments receive milk twice a day. In non-toxic departments men wear working clothes of the same color but with separate coats and trousers. These are provided and laundered by the com pany at a nominal weekly charge. In the finishing departments where the ut most refinements of cleanliness are de sirable, white uniforms are provided. Men in the mechanical departments wear the traditional blue overalls. In the washrooms, newer types of equipment have been added as the plant grew. Included among the up to date facilities for personal cleanliness are cir cular wash fountains with dispensers for powdered soap. Some of the newer lock ers have, slanting tops which cannot be used as storage space and which do not collect dust. To overcome the hazard of slipping in the showers, mats of rubber with in terwoven cord have been provided. Anti septic solutions for the prevention of ringworm of the feet (athlete's foot) have not been used because of the diffi culty of getting the men to use the treat ment regularly. Shower compartments are disinfected twice a day with steam and this method has been quite effective in preventing parasitic infections. All employees are given medical ex amination on employment and periodical examinations are given at intervals, ranging from monthly in the toxic de partments to annually in departments (Please turn to page 74) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 17 The use of gloves and other suitable clothing should be required of any operator doing heavy cutting work. and using oxygen follow naturally from a few familiar facts- regarding oxygen supplied for welding and,cutting: 1. Pressure in a full cylinder of oxygen is 2,000 lb. per sq. in. at 70 deg. F. 2. Pressure within the cylinder increases as the temperature rises, and decreases as the tem perature falls. 3. Oxygen will not burn, but it supports and accelerates combustion. Welding Wisdom Precautions that mean Safety in OxyAcetylene Welding and Cutting By JAMES I. BANASH Consulting Engineer. The Linde Air Products Company: Past President. National Safety Councii XY-ACETYLENE welding and O cutting equipment is designed for safe use under the wide variety of the materials used and the function of the various parts. Although the information necessary to operating conditions that exist in moadthorough understanding is not difficult em plant and field work. Manufac to acquire, it is important thai all oxy- turers have provided all parts of the acetylene operations should be under the equipment with adequate safety devices. supervision of trained and qualified men. They have constantly emphasized the It is the purpose of this article to re precautions and safe practices that must view some of the fundamental principles be observed by all operators of welding that govern the proper handling of oxy- and cutting equipment. Intelligent use acetylene welding and cutting equip of the equipment follows naturally from ment. an understanding of the properties of Precautions to be observed in handling Because of the fact that oxygen under pressure may react violently with oil or grease, particular care should be exer cised to see that oxygen cylinders and valves are kept from contact with oil at all times. Never use an oxygen cylinder as a roller or support for work even though it may be considered empty. When oxygen cylinders are in actual use, the opportunities for contact with oil and grease are multiplied and special care must be taken to avoid such con tact. Do not handle cylinders or operate valves or touch any oxygen equipment with oily hands or gloves. Do not place cylinders where oil or grease may drop on them. It is always good practice to mount cylinders on a truck or support them in some way so that they cannot be acci dentally knocked over. They should be kept well away from the actual welding or cutting operation. Never use oxygen from a cylinder without first attaching a regulator to the cylinder valve. The cylinder valve should be closed when work is finished and when the cylinder is empty. Because oil or grease in the presence of .oxygen under pressure may ignite violently, oxygen must never be confused with compressed air or used as a pres sure imposing medium. A serious acci dent may easily result if oxygen is used as a substitute for compressed air. Never use oxygen in pneumatic tools, to start internal combustion engines, to blow out pipe lines, to "dust" clothing or work, or for head pressure in a tank of any kind. Acetylene Acetylene will burn, and will, like all other combustible gases, when mixed with air in certain proportions, explode if ignited. At pressures over 15 lb. per sq. in., acetylene may decompose violently if subjected to heat or shock. This action APRIL, 1936 18 nary pneumatic hose and metal covered hose should not be used. As a general rule, unnecessarily long lengths of hose are to be avoided. Where they must be used, extra precautions should be taken to keep the hose from becoming kinked or tangled. Hose should be placed so that it will noLbe trampled on, run over, or exposed to flying sparks, hot slag and hot objects. Contact with oil or grease is also to be avoided, as these materials will deteriorate rubber and constitute a hazard with oSygen. Goggles One of the most important general safety rules is that properly designed goggles should be worn at all times while welding or cutting is being done. Eye protection is essentia! for several reasons. The bright flame and particularly the strong glare from the molten metal are sufficient to cause serious injury. Flying sparks or bits of hot metal that may be spattered about may cause serious trou ble if they should happen to strike un protected eyes. Blowpipes is an inherent property of acetylene it self, and is quite distinct from the for mation of explosive mixtures of acetylene and air. It is obvious that acetylene cylinders should be carefully handled, as knocks or falls may damage valves or fuse plugs or possibly the cylinder itself. Cylinders should be placed in properly designed cradles or platform carriers whenever moved by crane or derrick. Never use acetylene from a cylinder for welding and cutting without first at taching a pressure reducing regulator to the cylinder valve. Acetylene regulators should never be adjusted to deliver gas at a pressure greater than 15 lb. per square inch. With acetylene cylinders always use the special T - wrench for opening the cylinder valve. Open the valve slowly 1 ?A turns only, and leave the wrench in position while the cylinder is in use, so that the valve may be dosed quickly if necessary. After the regulator is attached to the valve of an acetylene cylinder and the cylinder valve is opened, it is advisable to test for leaks at all connections by applying soapy water. In case of a leak around the valve stem, close the valve and tighten the gland nut. Never under any circumstances at tempt to transfer acetylene from one cylinder to another. Wherever it seems necessary to couple acetylene cylinders in order to supply sufficient acetylene for a very heavy job or for a system of shop piping, always consult the acetylene manufacturer. Such coupling devices must be of a type listed as Standard by Underwriters' Laboratories Inc. and installed in ac cordance with the rules of the National Board of Fire Underwriters. ` Hose Always use high grade hose made es pecially for welding and cutting. Ordi- When cutting, it is advisable to have the work done over floors of dirt, concrete or steel. Welding and cutting blowpipes are sturdy pieces of equipment. With rea sonable care in handling they will give years of continuous service. Proper results can be obtained only by using the proper sized head, tip or noz zle, and the gas pressures as recommend ed in the manufacturer's chart for the work at hand. Always follow the manu facturer's directions for lighting the blowpipe, and make sure that the regu lators are adjusted to the proper pres sure. When a new cylinder has been connected to the equipment, the blow pipe valve should be left open long enough to expel air before lighting. For lighting oxy-acetylene blowpipes, always use a friction lighter. Tips or welding heads should always be tight, and the welding heads should seat properly. Blowpipes should be inspected at fre quent intervals by a competent operator. Replacements should be made only with standard parts; major repairs should be made by the manufacturer. Regulators In using oxygen and acetylene from cylinders, each cylinder must always be equipped with a suitable regulator. Regulators are necessary for two rea sons; First, to reduce the cylinder pressure down to the relatively lower working (Please turn to page 48) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 19 No Motors Menace Their Play Back yard playgrounds in Flint have been highly successful in keeping children off the streets ?<!C AY, AI, haven't you noticed some thing iately?" a bus driver queried as his companion pulled alongside. "Why, no," AI replied. "What is it?" "There don't seem to be hardly any kids playing in the streets any more. What's happened to 'em?" "Xow that you mention it, it's certain ly a fact. I guess it's this safety play vard movement. . Swell idea, too," said AI. AI was right. A safety play yard movement in Flint was keeping the children off the streets in that city of 165,000 population. Flint is the world's second city in the production of automobiles. Ninety-five per cent of its industry is devoted to the manufacture of motor vehicles and auto motive parts. It is strictly an automo bile community. Therefore the traffic problems are manifold, because there is almost one automobile to every family in Flint. To be exact, the ratio of families a car is .81. Total car registration is 55,250. ~ Everywhere, accidents to children reach their highest toll during the sum mer, when schools are closed and young sters play in the streets. Realizing that the total would be reduced if children could be kept off thoroughfares during the long vacation period, public-spirited citizens of Flint started a movement in 1934 to create and encourage establish ment of back-yard playgrounds. There were only forty such yards established that year, but the accident toll dropped ,50 per cent below the 1933 figure, and the number of child deaths was reduced to 66 per cent. Encouraged by the success of the initial activity, Flint conducted in the summer of this year probably the great est child safety playground movement yet launched in the United States. Now it promises to be a permanent safety program in that city. A total of 1,234 registered back-yard One of the backyard playgrounds where children can enjoy their games free from the menace of motor vehicle traffic. safety playgrounds was established, ex clusive of the regular civic playgrounds. Accidents to children were fewer by an estimated 25 per cent than in 1934. The average attendance of small children at the back-yard playjots was 6,500 daily, and the weekly attendance at the larger supervised civic playgrounds jumped from 23,700 in 1934 to 54,152 in 1935. The back-yard playground idea is only comparatively new. While Seattle adopt ed it before Flint, the latter city perhaps was the first community to forward the plan in an elaborate way, and sustain it in a highly organized manner. The insignia used in Flint while pro footing the safety play yard movement. The safety play yard movement in Flint was organized and actively man aged by Wilson S. Isherwood. Mr. Isherwood, who is the general sales manager of the AC Spark Plug division of General Motors, is also president of the Flint Automobile Club, and a leading advocate of safety measures. "As a rule, the success of a safety plan lies in appointing one institution to as sume all responsibility to carry out an objective. This responsibility was given to the local automobile c!ub."'said Mr. Isherwood in describing the safety play ground movement. "Upon assuming this responsibility, we enlisted as cooperating agencies the Parent - Teacher Association, the Flint Police Department, The Daily Journal, the Junior League, the Junior Chamber of Commerce, the Boy Scouts and other members of the Flint Council of Recrea tional Agencies." The name "Safety Play Movement" was selected and an emblem was adopt ed. This emblem consisted of a shield with the words "Safety Play Yard for Every Child." (Please turn to page 64) APRIL. 1936 I 20 Safety Takes the Field Council representatives to assist states and cities in campaign to reduce traffic accidents ELIEVING that there is a definite 1928 he was a field representative of the B formula for preventing traffic acci dents, and that the solution of the National Safety Council and from 1928 to 1929 was director of the Territorial problem lies in the proper applicatioCnouncils Division of the National Safety of tried and proved methods, rather than Council. He became director of the in a search for a panacea, the National Safety Department of the Nashville Safety Council has dispatched eight Chamber of Commerce in 1932, and in specially trained field representatives in 1934 he was made safety director for the to various parts of the United States to CWA in Tennessee, and later director of work directly with officials and civic safety for the TVA. Prior to joining the bodies in carrying out the Council's cam National Safety Council staff in March paign to reduce automobile accidents 35 he was safety engineer in the U, S. De per cent or more by the end of 1940. partment of Labor. The "formula" is based on the suc The country has been divided into cessful experience of several cities and eight districts. states which have realized sizable reduc District No. 1, embracing New York, tions in their traffic death rates through Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode planned prevention programs. Island, Maine, New Hampshire and Ver The field men will work directly with mont, has been assigned to James Stan- organizations already engaged in safety nard Baker, Chicago, who has been work or, if no such organization is now prominent in safety work for many years. functioning, with the body or group best A graduate of the University of Wis fitted to do the work. consin, he has been with the National Expansion of the Council's public Safety Council since 1928, as assistant safety program to permit the use of field traffic engineer, fleet engineer and Secre men was made possible through a gen tary of the Committee on the Driver. erous grant from the automobile indus He has conducted surveys of traffic try. No dues from industrial members courts, administration of drivers' license are being used to finance this work. laws, driver education and driver fatigue. Paul F. Strieker, of Chicago, a gradu The field secretary for District No. 2, ate of Cornell and a veteran in the safety comprising New Jersey, Pennsylvania, field, has been made director of field Delaware, Maryland and Virginia, is service, which forms a part of the Coun Adam H. Lintz, of Lakewood, Ohio. Mr. cil's public safety program. From 1923 Lintz is a graduate of the Case School to 1925 Mr. Strieker was manager of the of Applied Science. He has been active Baltimore Safety Council, the first per in safety work since 1914. when he was son to hold that office; from 1925 to named safety engineer for the Pittsburgh Field representatives of the National Safety Council and others who are taking an active part in the drive against traffic accidents. Rear row, left to right: Lloyd A. Blanchard; Norman Damon, Automobile Manu facturers Assn.; W. H. Cameron; Mrs. Edward Hammett, General Federa tion of Women's Clubs; Lew Wallace, Motor Vehicle Commissioner, Iowa; J. B. Gibson, vice-president, NSC; Sidney J. Williams; Ben R. Stroup. At left of table: A. H. Lintz; Gordon C. Graham; Ralph W. Robinson; Charles E. Babcock, At right; Albert W. Whitney, vice-president, NSC; Paul F. Strieker; H. C. Seebausen; J. S. Baker. District of the American Steel & Wire Co. During most of the war period he served as a government safety engineer at the Norfolk Navy Yard, and in 1918 he became Assistant Chief Safety Engi neer to the U. S. Shipping Board in Philadelphia. From 1919 to 1926 he was Secretary-Manager of the Cleveland Safety Council. In January, 1934, he became one of three CWA Regional Safety Directors for the state of Ohio, holding this position until July, 1935, when he was named assistant to the Na tional Director of Safety for the WPA. In charge of District No. 3 will be Ben R. Stroup, of South Carolina. The district embraces North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. Mr. Stroup is a graduate of Citadel. He has been engaged in traffic work since October, 1921, when he joined the South Carolina Highway Department, work ing through nearly every branch of this work and finally becoming director of the Motor Vehicle Division of that state. District No. 4, including Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky and West Vir ginia, has been assigned to Gordon C. (Please turn to page 29) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS I 21 Gasoline Fires in Garages By J. T. O'BRIEN Assistant Saf'etu Director, Jerseu Central Power & Light Co., Asburu Park, .V, J. Experience shows the need for effective fire protection and greater care in handling flammable liquids EPORTS on 673 garage tires R occurring during the eight-year period from 1921 to 1928 indicate Gasoline tank overflowed and gasoline ignited from ash 'pit, flashing back and cutting off escape............................. 1 the seriousness of the fire hazard and the Total .................. ............ ....................... 25 need for more careful application of well-known precautions. While these re ports do not include many of the small fires which are occurring daily in garage property, the record includes a sufficient ly broad selection of serious garage fires to indicate the more important causes. In the 673 fires recorded there were 32 fatalities, and of these 25 were caused by the ignition of gasoline or gasoline vapor, classified as follows: No. of Deaths Analysis of the same 673 fires shows that in 151 cases gasoline was a con tributory cause. Of these, three involved the servicing of automobiles, 47 resulted from cleaning with gasoline, 30 involved gasoline storage and filling, six resulted from unsafe practices in welding, 46 were due to ignition of flammable liquids or vapors from other causes, and 19 were attributed to mechanics' torches. These records indicate that more fires and explosions in garages have resulted Gasoline vapor in contact with open from cleaning with gasoline than from flame .................. .----.......................... Explosion--exact cause unknown ........... Gasoline ignited by carelessly thrown match ..............................--....... ........... Explosion caused by welding unvented 13 4 any other one cause. There are a num ber of cleaning materials which are much safer than gasoline and which give satis factory results for all ordinary require ments. Gasoline spilled on clothing ignited by cigaret .............................................................. Nuzzle of sprayer struck ignition wire, causing spack which ignited gasoline vapor .......... ............................................... 1 1 There are also many cleaning powders sold under trade names, and the use of any of these will do away entirely with the fire and explosion hazard in cleaning Small hand extinguishers are indis pensable in small garages and useful in larger garages to supplement the protection afforded by the larger units. (Illustrations courtesy Walter Kidde & Co., Inc.) operations. The active substance of most of these powders is tri-sodium phosphate, which can be purchased in quantities at moderate cost. For use it is mixed with water in the proportion of about one handful of phosphate to a pail of water, ft is most effective when the water is hot. A washing solution of this kind does not always remove bad spots, but in such cases use of kerosene or other safe clean ing liquids in small quantities is recom mended. Kerosene is much less volatile than gasoline and, therefore, preferable for cleaning. There are also numerous spe cial cleaning liquids approved by Under writers' Laboratories and most of these fall in three classes. The first of these, which includes liquids containing a large proportion of carbon tetrachloride, is the safest, being classed as noncombustible and nonflammable. The second, which includes Stoddard solvent and similar cleaners, is in a class with kerosene. The third is classed between ethyl alcohol and kerosene. Most of these are more expensive than kerosene, but they cut grease more rapidly. It is recommended (hat only cleaning liquids approved by Underwriters' Laboratories be used. A noncombustible agent which is sometimes used is a mixture of gasoline and carbon tetrachloride by volume, the proportions varying with the flash points of the various grades of gasoline or naph tha. This mixture, however, is relatively high in cost and there is the danger of toxic effect when it is used indoors. Care must also be taken to make sure that evaporation does not leave a flammable compound, as carbon tetrachloride APRIL, 1936 The wheeled type of carbon dioxide extinguisher is used extensively in the larger garages. Interior view of the loading ramp for Radio City, Mew York. Carbon dioxide is piped from a remote cylinder bank and discharged through hose reel stations, one of which is shown at the upper right of the above picture. Note also the ventilation equipment. evaporates at a lower temperature than gasoline. The analysis shows that other fre quent causes of gasoline fires and explo sions are short circuits in electric exten sion cords, static electricity, lanterns, smoking, and sparks from electric drills. All sources of ignition should either be eliminated so far as practicable by in stalling approved vapor-proof electrical devices and proper maintenance of equipment or they should be kept at a safe distance from locations where gaso line vapors may exist. Where it is neces sary to ke' a small supply of gasoline outside > the regular storage, it should always be in approved safety cans. The recommendations listed in this article are summarized from the X.F. P.A. standards of good practice. Repair Pits and Trestles Elevated trestles or hoists are prefer able for this service. If pits are used, they should be continuously ventilated by a system independent of the main garage ventilating system. Such pits should be cleaned at least daily and no accumulation of oil and grease per mitted. Permanent illumination should be provided b"t. supplementary lighting is permissible if properly guarded port able lamps attached to approved exten sion cords are used. When pits are constructed with one end open to an outside wall, either di rectly or through a transverse pit, at the same or lower level, natural ventila tion may be permitted, provided the floor level of the pit is above the natural outside grade, with air inlets at the pit floor level opposite each pit. There should also be a ventilating duct at the dosed end of each pit. These ducts should extend to the outside air and be equipped with an approved suction creating device. In addition, vapor-proof globes should be installed over all lights and the use of electrically-driven tools and grease guns should be avoided in the pit. It has been common practice in many garages to use gasoline or other flam mable liquids for cleaning floors, ma chinery and auto parts. It is hardly necessary to add that this is extremely hazardous practice. Preference should be given to systems for cleaning and washing which utilize compressed air, steam, water pressure or nonflammable cleaning compounds. Cleaning vats or systems utilizing nonflammable liquids which must be heated for effective removal of grease and oil from automobile parts, are per missible only within the storage section if specifically approved for use where flammable vapors may be present. Washing operations involving the use of flammable liquids should be car ried on in a separate room or section cut off from the storage section of the garage by two-hour fire partitions. Such rooms shall be adequately ventilated. The floor of such room or compartment should be fixed to an oil separator or trap discharging to the sewer. In most cities the storage of flam mable liquids is governed by state or municipal ordinances, most of which are based on the suggested ordinance of the N.F.P.A. Lubricating oils, grease and waste shall be stored in a well-ventilated oil room separated from the garage oper ating section by fire partitions. ' Reservoirs of motor vehicles should be filled outside the garage. Where this is not feasible, inside filling operations may be permitted, provided only approved portable buggies and approved inside discharge systems are used. In all cases, filling should be by hose. When insurance features are involved, reference should be made to the regula tions of the National Board of Fire Underwriters for the installation of con tainers for storing and handling flam mable liquids. Where underground tanks containing different flammable liquids are located close to each other (for example, gaso line and fuel oil) the fill pipe from each tank should be painted a distinctive color or otherwise marked conspicuously to indicate the contents of the tank to which it connects. Typical Fires A few fires typical of those which have occurred in garages will illustrate the hazards involved. 1. One of these fires involved the death of two men, both experienced em ployees, although the property damage was negligible. The accident occurred in a bus storage and repair garage. Witnesses reported having heard a muffled explosion and noticed a sheet of flame which apparently originated under an automobile that was being greased. After the explosion the man who had been greasing the car was found dead with the clothing practically all burned from his body. The other employee who had been cleaning the runway died the following day. The automobile, which was apparent ly directly over the source of the explo sion, was undamaged, and its gasoline supply system remained intact. The only property damage was slight damage to the grease gun. An examination of the fluid used for cleaning the pit showed it to be Oakite solution. (Please turn to page 60) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Is Safety Profitable? - - Ask Milwaukee One thousand dollars spent for the safety of municipal employees saves the city $30,000 in accident costs By C. F. SCHEER 23 <J(J 4 V 7 AXTED--An American city to invest $1,000 a year, with a guaranteed annual return of $30,000." How many municipalities would turn down an offer that promised a return of 3,000 per cent, and actually carried out this promise in hard cash? Xot many, if the proposition were stated in such explicit terms. Yet thousands of communities are overlooking just such a profitable arrangement, simply because it bears the name ``safety" rather than ``investment." In the city of Milwaukee, a communi ty of about three-quarters of a million, the methodical, analytically - minded city fathers saw long ago what most communities to this day have failed to see -- that money invested in safety brings an immense return, not only in human lives preserved, but also in dol lars and cents. First the theory was applied to public safety. Mayor Dan W. Hoan, now rounding out his 25th year as chief executive of Wisconsin's leading city, organized the Milwaukee Safety Commission twenty years ago -- the first municipal public safety body in the United States. Since that time untold human misery and countless thousands in property losses have been spared through the public safety program which has made Mil waukee the safest of America's larger cities. In the fall of 1932 the Milwaukee Members of the Milwaukee Safety Commission's sub-committee take off their coats and dig into the work at hand. They are, left to right. Paul Johanning, Lester Lee, William Franklin, George Haislmaier, Joseph Malloy, Edward Gerlach, Edison Klein- steuber, Alvin J. Horn and Alfred R. Gandrev. Board of Estimates met to draft a budget for the following year. That, if one cares to remember, was about the time that the "outgo" of most cities was so far in advance of the income that no one ever expected the latter to catch up. Mil waukee was not without its problems, and when the customary budget was be ing drafted, the Board of Estimates picked every item to pieces to see whether it could be scaled down or elim inated. Indicts Costly Mishaps City Attorney Max Raskin pointed to an outlay of $90,000 for compensa tion payments and medical expenses in city employees' injury cases, an expendi ture which had been taken as a matter of course in years past. "Here's where we can cut!" he ex claimed. "We've got to reduce our com pensation costs." "How?" the board echoed. "Well," said Mr. Raskin, "we know accidents can be prevented. We've proved it through the work of the Safety Commission in public safety. Why not apply the same idea to city employees on an industrial basis?" It had the ring of a sound idea, and before the Board adjourned, it had ap propriated $1,000 for the experiment. And for the first time in American his tory a municipality started to adapt safety measures to public employees. The proposition was laid before the Safety Commission, and, with Assistant City Attorney Alfred R. Gandrey taking a leading part, an investigation into city employee accidents was begun. To the astonishment of those concerned, the de partmental data on these accidents were so meager as to be valueless. Wry often, in the case of a minor accident where the employee lost little or no time from his job, a departmental head knew abso lutely nothing of the injury. Xor did anyone know how many accidents oc curred in each department throughout a given year, or what the average cost of an accident was. ' Apparently it was a fertile field for safety education and safety work, and the Safety Commission lost no time. Im mediately a sub-committee was organ ized to plan and direct a safety program for municipal employees. Every city de partment was represented on the sub committee, though not by department chiefs. The original personnel, still in APRIL, 1936 24 office, includes Paul Johanning, Depart ment of Public Works; Lester Lee, City FERA Projects; William Franklin, Bridges and Buildings Bureau; George Halsimaier. Bureau of Sewers; Joseph Malloy. City Service Commission; Ed ward Gerlach. Garbage Collection De partment; Edison Kleinsteuber, Fire and Police Alarm System; Alvin J. Horn, School Administration; and Alfred Gandrey, Assistant City Attorney. A lecture course to promote safety consciousness on the job was the first step. Eight speakers addressed meet ings of department heads on such sub jects as the use of hand tools, piling stock, carbon dioxide, and the use of machinery. An industrial poster service was started, and the posters were put to work on 90 boards. Periodic special bulletins, explaining hazards peculiar to certain departments, supplemented the posters. Personal interviews were held with accident victims or with accidentprone employees. Positive Records But most important of all, a simple, effective system of recording accidents was instituted. Now every accident, regardless of how minor, is reported to the office of the City Attorney on a detailed form. Monthly records are maintained, listing first the number of the injury case, then the name of the employee involved, the city department to be charged with the accident, the nature of the injury, how it occurred, and the cost of compensa tion, cost of medical treatment, and wages paid during the time lost from the job. At the end of the month these entries are transferred, in somewhat less detail ed form, to large annual record sheets, the size of newspaper pages. Thus a complete picture of the municipal acci dent situation is always available. Each month reports are sent to all department heads, city officials, and aldermen. These reports list each de partment and bureau, together with the number of injuries charged to that de partment for the month, and the com parative figure for the same month of the previous year. This phase of the re porting system strikes dose to home. Department heads are able to compare their statistics with those of another de partment employing the same number of persons and doing somewhat similar work. Thus safety competition arises, and department heads make it a point to keep posted on all accidents which occur and all bulletins issued by the Safety Commission's sub - committee. Aldermen, too, take a personal interest in the accident figures and thus exert a valuable force in the program. With this program established, the sub-committee did not consider its work completed. Instead, it found that it could fulfill a very important function by perpetuating itself. At the end of each month the sub committee analyzes the current accident reports. In some cases little or nothing can be done to correct the accident cause. For example, as long as persons con tinue to violate city ordinances, police officers are likely to incur scratches or contusions in making arrests. And as long as fires continue to break out, a certain number of firemen will be injured by falling debris or overcome by fumes. But there are many cases about which the committee can and does do some thing. An outstanding example is the poison ivy trouble experienced at one time by park workers. In addition to putting poison ivy warning posters on display where all park workers might see them, the committee arranged meetings in the parks, where the employees were shown actual samples of the noxious plant and told how to distinguish it from harmless weeds. In another type of accident several teamsters in the waste collection service had been injured. Because of the fre quent stops necessary in this work, it was illogical for the teamsters to keep climbing from the ground to the wagon seat and back again. They had, instead, walked beside the wagon, grasping the reins to guide the horses. The trouble occurred when the horses became fright ened, dashing away and jerking the teamster against the wagon or beneath the wheels. The sub-committee puzzled over this for a long time. Then the solu tion occurred. The reins could be length ened. This would enable the driver to remain on the ground, but walk behind the wagon, thus avoiding any possibility of injury beneath the wheels. Under this diagnostic method of at tack, accidents have been dropping off rapidly. Recently the sub - committee sent "Safety Suggestion Cards" to every city employee. These contained spaces in which hazards peculiar- to the individual departments might be listed, together with the employee's suggestion for a remedy. Many worth-while ideas have been received in this manner. As an out growth of the "Safety Suggestion Card," the city building inspector is working on a plan to standardize the location of water meters in every new home built, and to make these locations easily acces sible to the meter reader. Gradually it is planned also to re-locate the meters in the older homes, so that fewer city em ployees will be injured by having to ven ture into unlighted, dangerous corners. Another example is the effort, to stand ardize waste containers to%eliminate hazards in the waste collection service. Under this program all make-shift re ceptacles and all battered, leaky con tainers will be condemned. Some of the safety suggestions are used as a basis for appropriation requests to the Board of Estimates. First aid work is in progress, and the sub-committee intends that every city employee be instructed in the funda mentals of this procedure. In 1935 ten men qualified as instructors in the stand ard Red Cross first aid course. These instructors will disseminate first aid knowledge throughout the staff of city employees. While this is a comprehensive pro gram, it is still far from ideal, in the eyes of B. L. Corbett, executive secretary of the Milwaukee Safety Commission, through whose hands most of the de tailed administrative work passes. Now emphasis is placed on establishing safety consciousness. Eventually it is hoped to broaden the work, incorporating peri odic physical examinations and other factors which have proved valuable in an industrial safety program. Proves Its Worth But even if it has not been perfected, Milwaukee's safety program for city em ployees has accomplished a worth-while task during the three years of its exist ence. First of all, it has reduced human suffering in great part. Secondly, where the municipal budget for employee acci dents formerly mounted to $90,000 a year in round numbers, it now rests at about $60,000--a return of $30,000 on an investment of $1,000. When it is considered that some 10,000 employees, ranging from police officers and pick-and-shovel workers, to school teachers and librarians, are affected, it may readily be seen that Milwaukee has accomplished a great deal with a nom inal sum of money. Furthermore, the city has pioneered the way to a sound method of budget cutting. "Doc" Corbett agrees that the faith placed in the program by the city fathers has been vindicated. "Any city could use a safety engineer to advantage," he says, "and he would save the city time and again the amount of his salary." NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 25 The Sight-Meter Tells the Story Tests Show Paint's Value as an Aid to Lighting XCREASIXG the amount of illum In the unpainted room, due to the low I ination does riot necessarily insure good lighting in factory, office or reflection value of the walls and ceiling, the sight meter registered only one foot home. Illumination engineers havecandle. pointed out that strong light in a dark, dingy shop does not produce good see ing conditions. Light, to meet the funda mentals of good seeing must comprise (1) an adequate source; (2) a suitable reflecting surface, and (3) sufficient dif fusion to avoid glare. In industry, walls and ceilings constitute the principal re flecting surfaces. They must also con tribute in diffusing or spreading light. The familiar automobile headlight at night as opposed to that same headlight seen in the daytime will probably remain a classical illustration of the relation ship of light to its background. Against a bright and diffused daylight it presents no discomfort, but at night it is a source In the dirty room, which had been painted at one time, the surfaces had become so soiled that they reflected but little light. The reading was only four foot candles. In the room painted white for maxi mum light reflection, the meter jumped to lll/2 foot candles. Translated to the industrial plant, these pictures emphasize the value of the proper use of white paint and its relation to reducing eye strain with its attendant ill health and lowered output. They also point out how shadows, glare and too low light levels may be avoided by adequate light reflection. of severe glare. This condition is to a degree duplicated in many industries. Where it exists, operators' movements REFLECTION VALUES OF are always slower and less sure. Ample illumination has the effect of magnify ing an object, and moving parts appear to be moving more slowly where light is good. Xote also how much more con fidently you drive at night on the white concrete highway where the flood of light is reflected and distributed by the white surface. In tests conducted in the SherwinWilliams Laboratories, the camera has caught a most interesting story showing the values of light reflection. The sight meter confirms what the camera record ed. With the same amount of illumination, the intensity of light recorded by the sight meter ranged from one to 22 PAINT COLORS White Ivory Canary yellow Cream Caen Stone Orchid Cream Gray Ivory Tan Sky Blue Buff Pale Green Shell Pink Bright Sage Silver Gray Olive Tan Forest Green Cocoanut Brown Black Per Cent 89 82 77 77 76 67 66 66 65 63 59 55 52 46 43 22 16 2 foot candles. APRIL, 1936 Paint has other definite functions in industry besides illumination in the pro motion of safety. Severe moisture con ditions and wet, slippery floors present definite hazards to employees moving about. These hazards are greatly re duced in a clean, sanitary plant where paint is utilized to control moisture, dirt, darkness and disorder. Employees in a well painted plant keep it clean and keep it in order. Feeding of calenders in paper mills, and passing paper over the driers have been the cause of frequent accidents. So much so that progressive mills have tackled these and other hazardous oper ations from two angles. They have in creased the level of illumination, and also adopted color effects. The moving parts are given a color contrasting with the pastel shades used on the machines. In many plants, red is applied to all dangerous moving parts, and operating levers are given an identifying color to promote sure and safe movements of machine operators. Huge power presses , in automobile and other plants use red on the bottom of press rams and red on belt guards. Many plants use red on conveyor trucks, dangerous chemical containers, crane iifts and other danger ous and moving items. High visibility for crane hooks and plant trucks leads many wide-awake operating divisions to use a bright orange on these surfaces. Another outstanding function of paint is the promotion of safety in marking aisles, storage zones and passageways where overhead cranes might cause acci dents. Orange is used where overhead cranes present a hazard. White is used for other safety aisles. It is interesting to observe the respect workers have for (Please turn to page 6i) 26 Safety Council Launched at New York Conference By ROGER WILLIAMS Chairman. General Conference Committee, Seventh Annual Greater Xem York Safetu Conference NE of the most gratifying reports O of the Seventh Annual Greater X'ew York Safety Conference was As in past years, the Conference this year was conducted under the sponsor ship of the Metropolitan Chapter of the that of the attendance committee. MoAremerican Society of Safety Engineers, than 6,000 representatives of industry Engineering Section, X'. S. C., and more and institutions in and around Xevv York than 80 other cooperating organizations, were present--the largest attendance yet such as the American Red Cross, Auto recorded. The first of the conferences mobile Club, the Board of Education of had an attendance of only 700. the City of New York, the Boy and Girl Another forward-looking step was Scouts, nurses associations, Camp Fire taken at the Conference this year when Girls, Boys' Club, welfare bodies, police the Greater X'ew York Safety Council, departments, industrial and engineering Inc., was presented to the public. This associations, and parent-teacher associa Council will be able to coordinate, de tions. velop and finance a broader program, Characterizing the motorist as a mod to reach more individuals in the area, ern Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Dr. Ralph continuing the campaign of education W. Sockman, minister of Christ Church and prevention. Campaigns such as that in X'ew York, who delivered the keynote of the X'ew York Police Department will address of the Conference, said, "The be able to accomplish even more when motor car and improved roads give supported by such a Council. The pub human beings a chance to escape from lic will have an opportunity to enlist in daily routine, and the quiet gentleman this organization, attend future Confer of the office becomes the speed maniac ences organized and managed by it. and of the highway. An auto - intoxication receive the services it will be prepared to prevails which often plays havoc with render. sound judgment and consideration for The major theme of the Conference others. this year was expressed in the title of the "We have made better progress in per first session, `'Safety Marches On." fecting the horsepower of our machines Our slogan, "It's Intelligent to Be than in developing the manpower for Safe," was launched in our pre-confer their control. As a result we have silent ence publicity, and it caught the public motors and lawless mobs, smoothly run fancy immediately. The second day ning cars and accident - marked roads. after its release the Xew York Sun ran It is time that we began applying the an editorial entitled, "Popular Game," genius of America to the development in which it described the antics of the and safeguarding of the tv,.man factors "gutter-stander," a person who. oblivi of work and travel." ous of danger, disregards traffic lights, moves into the gutter and stands poised for an opportunity to dart out. He Shock Psychology causes cars to stop suddenly to keep from running him down, thereby causing rearend collisions. Within a few days after the publication of the Sun's editorial a number of letters appeared in the Counseling against the shock psy chology which has marked accident stories of recent months, Dr. Sockman pointed out that people can be awakened by fright, but that they cajinot be kept columns of this newspaper, praising the in a healthy state of wakefulness by that Sun for calling attention to traffic dis method. rupters of this nature. Each writer an "A frightened driver." he said, "is al nounced that he or she would take care most as dangerous as a reckless one. We not to be a gutter-stander. It was in must develop carefulness without timidi teresting to note that every writer in ty, and confidence without rashness. some way used our slogan, "It's Intelli This requires a program of safety educa gent to Be Safe." tion--sane, persistent and universal. "It requires intelligence. The leaders of this Conference were wise in choosing for their slogan, `It's Intelligent to Be Safe.' The one thing that the modern young person dislikes above all others is to be thought `dumb.' It is excellent strategy to picture safety as a matter of intelligence rather than of morals or policy. We must keep Dr. Jekyll in con trol and Mr. Hyde under control." Dr. Miller McClintock, director of the Bureau of Street Traffic Research at Harvard University, pointed out that streets not only govern the trade effi ciency and the safety of individuals in a community, but that they also serve as the community's greatest recreational asset, opening the way to travel and ex cursions. A Profitable Investment Lew R. Palmer, conservation engineer for the Equitable Life Assurance Society, spoke on "Street and Highway Safety -- A Community Problem," describing the work of the National Traffic Safety Contest. "In 1934," he said, "the insurance companies paid out more than $400,000, 000 on 101.000 accidental deaths and the accompanying injuries (not includ ing the millions paid for property damage). The figure would have ex ceeded $600,000,000 had not more than 54,000 lives been saved during that year through the cumulative effect of organ ized accident prevention effort, largely brought about by the X'ational Safety Council and our affiliated Councils. This annual saving of more than $200,000,000 indicates that safety is one of the best investments that insurance companies can make." Despite the publicity competition offered by one of the most distressing elevator strikes ever experienced in X'ew York, the Conference won space on the front page when Captain William M. Kent, commanding officer of the Safety Bureau of the X'ew York Police Depart ment, made the statement that "an anti quated code of traffic regulations, de signed for the horse-and-buggy days, is being revised in substantial harmony with recommended uniform standards to comply with modern conditions, and this should prove a valuable contribution to better conditions on streets and high ways of X'ew York City." He explained that speed limits would be raised from fifteen miles an hour in congested areas to 25, and from 20 in outlying districts to 30 miles an hour. He added that "express" streets are be ing planned. (Please turn to page 62) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 27 Water and Fatigue Provision for replenishing the body's water supply becomes increasingly important as summer approaches Frttfldjilre t'orp. HE importance of water can be bet Tter realized when it is recalled that water constitutes two-thirds of This fountain with a guarded jet which cannot be touched with the lips provides water at regulated temperature. Artificial cooling is usually more economical than leaving a tap running. the weight of the hufnan body. of this it is essential not only that ficient water be absorbed, but also In suf that vieswmall towns, however, where there official water analysis, or where the has an independent water supply, is no plant it is this water be pure. advisable to analyze the water period Impure water can cause many serious ically. If the plant itself has not the diseases such as dysentery, diarrhoea, means for such an analysis, samples may typhoid and cholera. If the water sup ply is pure but the method of dispensing is not sanitary, diseases such as colds, influenza and diphtheria may be trans be sent to laboratories, to universities or to city or state health departments. These laboratories will give instructions as to the proper method of taking sam mitted from one person to another. In most industrial plants and offices the problem of purity is not particularly ples and the type of container to use. In plants where the plumbing is old it is also advisable to provide for analy troublesome, since the sanitary quality of city water is generally reliable. In sis of the drinking water. While city water is generally free cramps, while water that is insufficiently cool will fail to give the relief from fatigue that a worker desires. Generally speaking, water should not be cooler than 45 degrees F., and 50 degrees is the preferable temperature for both office and factory workers. How may this ideal temperature be maintained? Some plants have attempt ed to cope with the problem by letting the water run at the bubblers, but this method is likely to prove far too costly in the long run, particularly where there are many outlets. The ideal arrange ment is to have individual coolers at from contamination, it may contain sedi each outlet. This will assure proper tem ment, and for this reason some plants perature of the water upon delivery at have provided their cooling systems with the nozzle. A system found practical in filters. Where this practice is followed large industrial plants where there are the filter should be cleaned frequently. numerous outlets is a circulatory system If the quality of the drinking water operated from a central cooler. In a sys is questionable, provisions should be tem of this sort it is important to make made for boiling or distilling it. The re sure that fountains are not located on sultant flat taste can be offset by bub dead - end pipes, for such connections bling air through the water. will permit water to collect near the Since modern water - cooling equip fountain and become warm. It is well ment permits convenient use of bottled to remember also that ice should never water, a ready solution to the purity come in direct contact with the supply problem is offered those whose drinking of drinking water. (ictttrat Electric O, Many offices, stores and factories are modernizing their drinking fountains. water requirements are not too great. But assurance of the purity of the water is not enough. The temperature, too, must be right if the employee is ex pected to use the water provided. For example, a perspiring workman, offered his choice between a glass of luke-warm, sanitary bottled water and one of cool water of doubtful quality, would in variably choose the latter. In the summer time the problem of temperature is particularly pressing. Water that is too cool may cause painful Equally important with purity and temperature is accessibility. Unless enough outlets are provided, one of two things will happen. Either the employees, will not drink enough water, or they will drink at the expense of time lost from their jobs. This is a matter of dollars and cents in plant efficiency, for unless water is accessible, there may be a loss either through fatigue or through wasted time. (Please turn to page 53) APRIL, 1936 28 Evanston's Safety Record fifteen points; child safety, ten points- and public education, ten points. ' Thus two types of accomplishment in Wins Another Grand Prize safety work were recognized in making the awards; first, a low death rate from motor vehicle accidents and a reduction Milwaukee is again winner in Group I in the death rate from the previous year's of National Traffic Safety Contest mark; and second, activities designed to place a lurther curb on the traffic mor tality. The latter item included the en OR the second time since the Na V, cities between 25,000 and 50,000 F tional Traffic Safety Contest was launched four years ago the city population. Tucson, Ariz., placed sec ond, and Central Falls, R. I., was third. of Evanston, 111., a suburb of ChicagoH,onorable mention cities were Oshkosh. has won a clear title to the grand prize. Wis.; Everett, Mass.; Elgin, 111.; Joliet, The award was announced following 111.; Stamford, Conn.; Pensacola, Fla.; a meeting in New York of a committee Hackensack, X. J.; Plainfield. X. J.; of judges composed of Thomas H. Mac and Parkersburg, W. Ya. Donald, chief of the U, S, Bureau of Swissvale, Pa., was first in Group VI, actment of regulations, the establish ment of administrative machinery and the promotion of educational activities. The bi-lateral nature of the contest not only places a premium on a splendid statistical record, but also offers recog nition for activity which will affect the future safety standards of a community. Public Roads. Washington, chairman; cities between 10.000 and 25,000 popu Harold S. Buttenheim, editor, American City Magazine, New York; Dr. Miller McClintcok, director. Bureau of Street lation. Second in this group was Roselle, X. J., and third, Pampa, Texas. Cities in this classification which received hon This Sign Promises Highway Courtesy Traffic Research, Harvard University, orable mention included Massena, X. Cambridge, Mass.; and Dr. C. H. Wat Y. ; Grand Island, Xebr.; Brainerd, son, president of the National Safety Minn.; La Grange, 111.; Austin. Minn.; Council. Fairmont, W. Ya.; Mt. Lebanon, Pa.; Working in close cooperation with the Ossining, X. Y.; Ventura, Calif.; Fair- National Safety Council, Evanston has haven, Mass.; Rochester, Minn.; Hib- consistently remained near the top in bing, Minn.; Beatrice, Neb.; South the contest activities. Orange, X. J.; Astoria, Oregon; and In 1932 Pittsburgh and Evanston were Pekin, III. tied for the grand prize. The award was won by Evanston in 1933, by Milwaukee QTATES as well as municipalities in 1934, and again by Evanston in the were judged in the traffic contest, past year. Illinois winning first place in the Class In addition to the grand prize, awards A group. New Jersey and Massachusetts were made in six divisions of the contest. were given honorable mention. In Group Milwaukee won first place in the AA Minnesota placed first, honorable Group I classification, for cities of more mention going to Georgia and West Vir than 500,000 population. New York ginia. Delaware was first in Group placed second in this group and Chicago AAA, Arizona and Nebraska winning third. San Francisco and Detroit were honorable mention. given honorable mention. A total of 801 municipalities and 33 Providence, R. L, was the winner in states took part in the contest, the pur Group II, cities between 250,000 and pose of which was to bring suitable TTOUR large display trucks recently 500.000 population. St. Paul, Minn., recognition to communities which made purchased by the Caterpillar Trac was second, and Seattle. Wash., third. constructive strides in overcoming their tor Company, Peoria, Illinois, to carry Jersey City, Denver and Birmingham, traffic accident problems and to the its exhibit material around the national Ala., won honorable mention. states in which these cities were located. circuit of distributor's schools carry re Syracuse. N. Y., placed first in Group In determining the winners the ele assuring messages to motorists on the III, cities between 100,000 and 250.000 ment of chance was largely removed by highway. At the rear of each truck, in population. Lynn. Mass., won second an unusually thorough system of grad bold lettering, is the following: place, and Spokane. Wash., third. Hon ing. Many items were studied in deter "Caterpillar equipment builds and orable mention was given Utica, X. Y.; mining the amount of work done by the maintains roads. Sound horn--Half of Duluth. Minn.; Fall River. Mass.; Som participating communities. The motor this one is yours." erville, Mass.; and Wilmington. Del. vehicle death rate was considered, and Members of the training department In Group IV, cities between 50,000 also the reduction in this-rate compared crews who man the bright yellow trucks and 100,000 population, Evanston won with the average of the three preceding have received detailed instructions rela first place. Allentown, Pa., was second, years. A maximum of 50 points was tive to safe driving. Schedules have been and Holyoke. Mass., was third. Cities allowed for this item. arranged to cut night driving to a mini winning honorable mention were Greens Other factors involved in the judging mum. Fast driving is taboo. boro, X. C.; Oak Park, 111.; Bingham of the contest were accident reporting, In the accompanying picture, M. E. ton. X. Y.: Brockton, Mass.: and At for which five points were the maximum (Cap) Jenks, member of the training de lantic City, X. J. allowed; traffic engineering, a maximum partment, is pointing to the guarantee Superior, Wis., placed first in Group of ten points; traffic law enforcement, of highway hospitality on the truck. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 29 On to Atlantic City at any time during the day. These books have no connection with the regular sug gestion system of the company but are designed exclusively for the expression The Scene of the Twenty-fifth Annual Safety Congress--October 5-9, 1936 of thoughts by employees. After the suggestion has been written in the book, the foreman will send one copy of the TLANTIC CITY has been chosen would be present, and the Congress com A for the Congress city of 1936. Be cause of this famous resort's popu mittees were not able to arrange any special programs for the employee dele larity as a convention city, a comprgoates. This year's plan will include mise on dates had to be arranged, and them. After the Cungress. a report will finally the week of October 5 to 9 was be made to member companies telling decided upon. of the number of worker delegates in The Congress comes to Atlantic City at the whole-hearted invitation of the leading organizations and industries of Xew jersey and many of the leaders in business and public life, including Gov ernor Harold G. Hoffman. *** attendance, the interest shown, etc. Even before the time and place of this year's Congress was announced, Philadelphia Works of the General Elec tric Company announced in the Phila delphia Works News that two employees would be sent as delegates. Every employee in the plant has an Atlantic City's hotel facilities will be opportunity to be selected for this honor. ample for all the needs of the Congress. The conditions that will determine the Sessions will be held in the Convention eligibility of the candidates are: That Hall and the Ambassador, Chelsea and the employee himself be free from acci Ritz-Carlton Hotels. dents and by thought and action show , *** his interest in the promotion of safety for the benefit of others. One of the developments of the 193S To assist the employee in submitting Congress was the unusual number of safety ideas, a memo book is being placed employee delegates in attendance. Un at the foreman's desk in each depart fortunately, employers did not let Coun ment. Any suggestions which are to be cil headquarters know in time how many offered may be written in these books suggestion to the Personnel Department for record and follow-up purposes. Safety Takes the Field ( Continued tram page 20) Graham, of Detroit, who attended the University of Michigan, and immediate ly afterward became engaged in person nel and industrial safety work for the Ryerson Steel Corporation, Chicago. From 1925 to 1926 he was safety engi neer for the Packard Motor Car Com pany; from 1926 to 1928, safety engi neer for the Detroit Industrial Safety Council; and since that time safety engi neer for the Detroit Board of Education. District Xo, 5. which includes Illinois, Iowa and Wisconsin, is under the super vision of Mr. Strieker who will make his headquarters at the office of the Xational Safety Council in Chicago. Field secretary for District Xo. 6, Xebraska, Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma and Texas, is Lloyd A. Blanchard, of Belmont, Mass. From 1919 to 1924 Mr. Blanchard was in charge of employment and safety at the Hotel AMBASSADOR - HOTELS AND single to $6,00 Double $6.00 to $10.00 CHELSEA .......... 3, (in to 6,00 5.00 to 5.00 RITZ-CARLTON 3 00 to 5.00 Traymore ............ . 4.00 to 10,00 Shelburne .......... . 4.00 to 6.00 Dennis ..................... 4.00 to 6.00 Brighton ............ . 4.00 to Ohalf'onteHaddon Hall ;i,ou to 5.00 s.oo Claridge ............... 4,00 to 6,00 Knickerbocker 3.00 to 4,On 6 00 to I0,oo 6.00 to 12.00 6,00 to 8,00 6,00 to 10.00 6.00 to S.00 5,00 to 10.00 6.00 to 5.00 to 8,00 7.00 NVw Belmont .... 2.5u to 3 O'* Seaside ...... ......... 3.00 to Jefferson ................ 3.00 to Madison .............. 3.50 to 3.50 4.00 4.00 to 5.00 to 5.00 to 5.00 to 6,00 6,00 6,00 7.00 RATES* All double rooms with twin beds. 2 Room Suite--$12.00 and Up. 2 Room Suite--$6.00 and up. $2.50 single and $4.00 double rooms without bath. 1 Room Suite-"$l().0u and up. 1 to 4 persons. 3rd person in double room. $2.00 daily. 2 Room Suite--$8,00 and up. 1 to 4 persons. Adjoining parlor, same rate as 'single" room. Ail double rooms with twin beds. Two rooms with connecting bath. mi for 3 persons; $10.00 for 4 persona, 1" large rooms--3 or 4 persons-- $2 "ti per person, I'rmMi'ally all rooms with twin Monticello , Colton Manor 3,00 to ",.00 5.00 5.00 to 8.00 3 fpHini Suite--4 persons--$2,00 i-. r person. 2 !!-* m Suite--4 persons--$3.00 P*r person, Morton ...... ............. 3.00 to 4,00 5.00 to 6.00 Ib-om Suite--2 persons 'ft $3.00 p-r person; 4 persons # $2.00 per person Franklin Inn .... 2,50 to Richfield ............... 2.00 to Ludy ....................... 3,00 to flrossman's ........ 2.50 to Lafayette ............. 3.00 to 3,00 3.00 4.00 3.50 4.00 4.00 to 4.00 to 5.00 to 4.00 to 5.00 to 5.00 6.00 7.00 6,00 7.0u 2 H-e.m suite--$s.uo fcnd up. All rooms with bath unless other-wise specified. Listed hotels located on the Boardwalk or within the adjoining city blocks. Rooms at lower rates, and at other than listed hotels, may he obtained bv writing directly to F. M. AMSTUTZ. Secretary, Atlantic City Safety Council, Board of Educa tion Bldg., Atlantic City, N. J. Xational Equipment Co., Springfield, Mass.; from 1925 to 1929, manager of the Springfield Safety Council; and from 1929 to 1935 was head of the state-wide highway safety program as executive secretary of the Massachusetts Gover nor's Committee on Street and Highway Safety. Charles E. Babcock, of Minnesota, is ... charge of District Xo. 7, embracing Minnesota, South Dakota, North Da kota, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colo rado, Arizona and Xew Mexico. Mr. Babcock was formerly highway commis-. sioner of Minnesota and past-president of the American Road Builders' Assn. Included in District Xo. 8 are Wash ington, Oregon, Idaho, Nevada and Cali fornia. This area has been assigned to Ralph W. Robinson, of San Francisco, who served as executive secretary of the San Francisco Traffic Survey Committee from 1926 to 1931. This organization brought about many major improve ments in San Francisco's system of traf fic control. During this period, Mr. Robinson was also identified with vari ous state-wide programs to reduce traf fic accidents. More recently he served as western field auditor of the Traffic Audit Bureau, Inc., of Xew York. APRIL. 1936 30 The Safety Exchange ------------------------- "A ROUND TABLE IN PRINT"------------------------- The ideas presented .here have proved helpful. If you have developed some useful device or method send in a description, with illustration, if possible. These devices are home-made and are not available commercially Serviceable Tool Rack from Scrap Lumber This portable tool rack was made from scrap lumber. It holds the tools firmly, and permits the easy selection of the right tools. Drain Pit Thoroughly Guarded Thoroughly protected by mechanical safeguards is this automobile drain pit. Chains attached to stalwart iron posts prevent perse . from falling into the open pit. Beyond the steps, at the bottom of the pit. is an electric fan which draws fresh air into the pit whenever the latter is in use. It circulates the air constantly, dis placing carbon monoxide gas which may settle to the bottom of the pit. Note the metal toeboards around the pit to prevent objects from falling into if while men are at work. The article and photograph were received from Clay Bartlett, transportation superintendent, Appalachian Electric Power Company, Charleston. \Y. Va. Fireproof Container for Oil Filters and Blotter Presses To avoid the tire hazard caused by keeping blotters in cardboard cartons, a container with a separate compartment for rags has been developed. It is divided into two compartments, the top for oily rags, and the bottom, which has a door similar to a range oven, for a stock of blotter paper. This compartment assists the operator as he has one place for both rags and blotter paper. This device was developed by J. G. Wilson, of the West Penn Power Company, Pittsburgh, who will be glad to furnish details to anyone interested. Safety Light for Crane Repairmen To indicate that the main switch on the crane is out, a switch is located in the switchbox to control an indicating light. When the main switch is thrown, a lever automatically makes contact to throw on this light and warn repairmen. Beg Pardon Through an oversight the Consoli dated Gas Company of Mew York was credited with devising a man-hole cover lifting hook illustrated in the Safety Ex change of the March issue of the Na tional Safety News. The New York Edison Company perfected the device and should have been so credited. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 1 31 Life of Hose Lines Easily Prolonged Here is a simple method of prolong ing; the life of hoses and feed lines. Pieces of old hose, of slightly larger dimensions than the one being protected, are cut off in widths of 1 inch or more. These pieces are placed over the hose at points where the hose might come in contact with the ground or some other object and be subject to wear. The protecting pieces may be either slipped over the end or cut lengthwise and placed around the hose in the desired position. Special Crane Hook for Locomotive Tires This ingenious device for handling train wheel tires safely is used by the Chicago and North Western Railway. It operates as follows: When the crank hook is lowered, the latch "A" fits over the flange of the tire, while the rest of the tire fits into the slot. When the crane is lifted, pressure exerted by the tire against the device holds the tire in place. A pull on handle "B" will re lease the latch; however, when tires are stacked close together it may be neces sary to lift latch by hand. Safety Cleats of Simple Construction This cleat is made of one piece of metal .3 '/. inches wide and 2 /> inches long. The corners are bent down about vapor-proof fixtures. The standards shown are about six feet, six inches high, and the lamp when hanging from the fork is about six feet above the ground. This takes the glare out of the worker's eves, and is at a good height to be ob served by traffic. !4 inch below the sole and heel of the footwear, and the strap lugs turned up about yi inch. The cleat is strapped onto the foot with a strip of lace leather passed through the lug to loop over the instep, cross over the instep, and tie around the ankle. The cleat gives good protection against slipping and is inexpensive and simple to make. The Pittsburgh Coal Company developed this device. Hand Hold and Portable Seat for Mine Car To lessen the hazard of riding the rear car of a mine train is the purpose of the iron hand hold and portable hrakeman's seat shown in the accom panying illustration. The hand hold is stationary while the seat, which hooks over the top, can be easily removed. The photograph was furnished by the United States Bureau of Mines. APRIL. 1936 Equipment Safeguards Street Workers at Night To protect workers and to prevent automobiles backing into excavations or uncovered man-holes, Hamlin & Com pany, of New York City, calls attention to this equipment. It consists of four single standards of 1J4 inch pipe, each welded to a base composed of pieces of pipe welded in the shape of a cross. A small fork is welded at the top to hold a lamp. Lamps are used in groups of four to outline-the job. To provide illumination as well as warning signals, three of the lamps are red and one is white. Drop lights are provided on separate extension cords, so they can be taken into any opening. All the equipment is weatherproof, and where gases are likely to be en countered the lights are equipped with I 32 THE SAFETY LIBRARY By MARY M. WELLS LIBRARIAN, N. S. C Silicosis Anthraco-Silicosis Among Hard Coal Miners. By J. J. Bloomfield and others. Published by the V. S. Public Health Service, 1936. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washing ton, D. C. Price 25c. Pamphlet, (Public Health Bulletin So, 221) Mortality from respiratory diseases was found to be much greater among anthracite workers than among the gen eral adult male population of the coun try. The data indicated that under ground work in the absence of dust did not predispose to fatal attacks of re spiratory disease. Silicosis as Affecting Mining Workmen and Operations. By D, Har rington. Published by the V, S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C,, 1936. Free. (l.C. 6867) The author says " `Stop the Dust1 should be not only the slogan but also one of the major health and safety efforts of mining employers and em ployees, including those working in all kinds of dry mines. Ventilation is one of the most effective alleviating agencies, and the use of water is a close second." Mines and Mining Coal Mine Explosions and Fires in the U. S. During the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1935. By D. Harring ton and W. J. Fene. Published by U, S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C., 1036. Free. (l.C. 6870) In the 20-year period preceding 1929, mine explosions and fires took an aver age toll of about 285 lives annually in the U. S. Since then the number of fatalities from these causes has been re duced to an average of 128. The fiscal year 1934 established an all-time low record--only 34 fatalities from explo sions and fires compared with 65 in 1935, Explosives How to Use Permissible Explosives Properly. By D. Harrington and S. V. Howell. Published by U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C., 1936, Free. (l.C, 6871) " Ethyl Gasoline An Appraisal of the Lead Hazards Associated with the Distribution and Use of Gasoline Containing Tetraethyl Lead. II: The Occupa tional Lead Exposure of Filling Station Attendants and Garage Mechanics. By Robert A. Kehoe, Frederick Thamann, and Jacob Cholak. In Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, January, 1936, p. 42-68. Among the conclusions reached in the present study is that the lead exposure associated with the handling and dis pensing of gasoline containing tetraethyl lead at service stations of the prevailing type in the U. S. is negligible. An Investigation of the Morbific Properties of Ethyl Gasoline. By Dr. Gerhard Lind. In Journal of Indus trial Hygiene and Toxicology, January, 1936, p. 37-4F The result reported may be considered as an expression that the use of tetra ethyl lead as an admixture with motor gasoline in quantities hitherto used pre sents no danger of lead poisoning. Foremen Bibliography on Foreman Improve ment. Revised, 1935. Vocational Edu cation Bulletin So. 128 of the Office of Education. For Sale by the Superin tendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price sc. (Pamphlet) A selected and annotated list of refer ences, including books, pamphlets, and magazine articles. PERIODICAL REFERENCES Accident Statistics Trend in Frequency and Severity of Compensated Injuries to Legs and Feet. In New York State Department of Labor, Industrial Bulletin, February, 1936, p. 43-45- ' Compensated injuries to legs and feet are discussed in this study, which is the fourth in a series of studies of trends in frequency and severity of different kinds of injuries. Eye injuries; injuries to head, neck and face with the exclusion of eyes; and injuries to arms, hands and fingers were treated in preceding issues of the Industrial Bulletin, Dusts , An Electrostatic Dust Count Sampler. By E. C. Barnes and G. W. Penney. In Journal of Industrial Hy giene and Toxicology, March, 1936, p, 167-172. An electrostatic dust count sampler and its portable power supply are de scribed in detail. Fire Protection Crosby-Fiske-Foster Handbook of Fire Protection. Eighth Ed,, 1935. Robert S. Moulton, general editor. Pub lished by the National Fire Protection Association, 60 Batterymarch St., Bos ton, Mass., 1936. Price $4.30. (Book) This is a complete revision of the seventh edition, published in 1924, with detailed treatment of the numerous new developments in the fire protection field during the past eleven years. Like the preceding editions, beginning with the first book published in 1896, the present edition aims to provide in compact form the essential information on fire preven tion and fire protection that time has crystallized into good practice. Welding The Toxicology of Oxy-acetylene Welding. By Z. T. Wirtschaftcr and E. D. Schwartz. In Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, March, 1936, p. 138-162. Asked and Answered SAFE SOLVENTS Question: We use benzol or trichlorethylene as solvents to dissolve tar, paint and grease in felt, the method being a spotting process. Both of the above solvents involve a fire and health hazard. Can you advise us of any abso lutely safe solvent for the above purposes that we can use instead of the solvents we are now using ? Answer: Some dry cleaning establishments use carbon tetrachloride for spotting operations similar to those you mention. Others use a (Please turn to page 66) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS I NDUSTRIAL HEALTH A Non-Technical Symposium for Physicians and Laymen 33 What's in Your First Aid Kits? By MURRAY D. SMITH Uanis Enitigenci/ Equipment Company IRST aid is the immediate tempor required treatment on the spot. F ary treatment given in case of acci dent or sudden illness before the The engineer of this story was always the first aid man wherever he was em services of a physician can be securedp.loyed. After countless rolls of gauze It has definite limitations which the had unrolled and become contaminated trained first aider always respects. before they could be applied as com There is obviously a difference be presses, and numerous bottles of iodine tween first aid as administered in a dis had been dropped on the floor and pensary by a trained attendant, such as broken, he became more and more im a nurse, and that administered on the pressed with the inadequacy of the surgi job by a fellow worker or foreman with cal dressing type of first aid kit for first a limited practical knowledge of the sub aid under conditions found on the job. ject. Contrast the requirements of a So he devoted a great deal of thought public utility truck crew or the few men to the subject and his wife used up a in a petroleum company's retail service great deal of cotton and spent much station with those of the nurse working time at the sewing machine in develop with tables, chairs, hot and cold running ing a system patterned after the army water available, and you will realize that first-aid kit. It consisted of individual an entirely different type of first - aid dressings prepared for use in such a way dressing and container is necessary for that there would be no contamination, the plant dispensary than for men in the no waste and no half-used materials to field. be returned to the box in a condition Curiously enough, the industry in which would invite infection if they were which the idea of the unit system of in used again. When this type of dressing dividual dressings originated has not was placed on the market some fifteen made extensive use of it. It is interest years ago it was not the building indus ing to recall how and why the unit sys try but the public utility companies tem was devised. which gave it an enthusiastic welcome. In the early 1920's a young engineer iust out of school was employed as an erection engineer by a construction corn- Studying Industry's Needs pant'. He worked on several of the steel In its original form the unit system buildings which were the beginning of was adequate to take care of most of the New York's present uptown skyline. injuries usually encountered. Manufac Twenty years ago safety work had not turers of first aid supplies have since reached its present state of development studied the needs .of the various indus and the accident rate among steel work tries and have developed products es ers was high. Not only were fatalities pecially designed for those operations numerous, but also, judging by today's where the facilities of a well equipped standards, the number of non-fatal in first aid room are not always available juries was excessive. Fractures, burns, immediately. deep wounds and other serious injuries The exhibits which have been held at Abstract of a paper read at the Seventh Annual Greater X-w York Safety Confer ence, the annual safety congresses and at re gional conferences have shown the great APRIL, 1936 variety of first-aid equipment now on the market. Kits range from the pocket variety with a few simple supplies to the larger boxes to be carried on trucks. Their contents can be planned to suit the requirements of the job and the preferences of the company in selecting a first aid antiseptic or a burn dressing. Many companies call for special items, such as washes for creosote burns and effervescent phosphate of soda. In some parts of the country men working in isolated locations earn- the facilities for treating snake bite. In fact, any recog nized first aid remedy which can be en trusted to the layman is now obtainable from the manufacturers and distributors of first aid equipment. Any assortment of dressings and remedies can be secured in a container designed to meet the pur chaser's requirements. Heavy duty, weatherproof and waterproof boxes are supplied where the conditions on the job demand them. Many companies order kits in large quantities with their own name and emblem lithographed on the boxes. Instruction sheets are furnished with many kits. The unit system is now practically the only type used by the public utility in dustry. The petroleum industry, a leader in both safety and first aid work, has found it ideal for use on trucks, barges, service stations, bulk plants, compressor stations, and even at terminals and re fineries. Among the most important purposes of first aid are the reduction of suffering and lost time to the victim and the re duction of compensation and medical costs to the company. The unit system of individual dressings aids in this ob jective by providing equipment that can be handled easily and effectively by even untrained personnel. First Aid Stirs Plant-Wide Interest Sixty-two employees of the American Rolling Mill Company, Middletown, Ohio, completed a first aid training course given by the Bureau of Mines last fall, and in turn they have given first aid training to 3,176 employees of the company since October 7, 1935. 34 PHENOL (Carbolic Acid) Industrial Data Sheet D-Chem. 3 A. Problem 1. What are the hazards of phenol and what precautions are necessary in its use? B. Hazards 2. The principal hazards are the pos sibilities of burns and of poisoning by contact with or by swallowing the chemi cal in solid or liquid form. C. Discussion 3. Phenol when pure is a white crys talline mass with a creosote odor. It is also known as carbolic acid, phenyl hy drate and hydroxy-benzene. It is a product of coal tar distillation and is also produced synthetically by fusing sodium benzene sulphonate with caustic soda and then neutralizing with hydro chloric acid. It is soluble in all propor tions in alcohol, ether, glacial acetic acid and glycerine. It liquefies on the addi tion of 14 to 15 per cent of water and thus becomes the No. 4 carbolic acid of commerce. Phenol in a solid state bums with difficulty, giving off a heavy smoke. In water solution it involves no fire haz ard. It melts at about 40 degrees Centi grade (104 degrees Fahrenheit). Phenol is used in medicine and surgery as an antiseptic and disinfectant; in the manu facture of picric acid, dyes and other pharmaceutical products; and with for maldehyde in many condensation pro ducts such as bakelite. condensite and neradol. Mixed with other materials, it is sometimes used for paint and varnish removers. Many cases of accidental poisoning occur annually through the swallowing by mistake of phenol for other drugs or alcoholic fluids, and its improper use by uninformed Dersons as an antiseptic for cuts and other wounds. Symptoms 4. Phenol is readily absorbed by the body through the mucous membranes, abraded skin, wounds, or even through the intact skin. When absorbed through the skin, the symptoms appear rapidly, in severe cases there is great muscular weakness, then loss of consciousness and death from respiratory failure, some times preceded by muscular twitchings or convulsions. Less severe poisoning causes headache, dizziness, some excite ment and mild delirium, clammy sweat, irregular respiration and weak pulse. 5. Phenol in contact with the skin causes local tingling and numbness or even complete loss of feeling. The skin becomes wrinkled and soft with the color changing from a white stain to brown. The effect is not a direct corrosive action but rather a local gangrene. Bodily con tact with a dilute solution may result in severe eczema. 6. When phenol is taken by the mouth in a more or less concentrated form, it causes severe burns of the mouth, throat and stomach. Vomiting may or may not occur afterward, but the victim may become pale, covered with a cold sweat and may collapse with fatal re sults unless medical treatment is ad ministered at once. First Aid 7. When phenol comes in contact with the skin, it should at once be washed off with grain alcohoi, oil dressings should be applied to prevent penetration of the phenol into the tissues, and a physician should be secured without delay. 8. If phenol solution should be splash ed into the eye, the eye should be flushed immediately with plenty of dean fresh water and the services of a physician secured without delay. - 9. If phenol has been swallowed, a diluted solution of mustard water should be given as an emetic, and the services of a physician promptly obtained. Pend ing arrival of the physician, milk, flax seed tea or white of egg may be given to allay inflammation, and the patient should be kept warm. X'o oils or alcohol should be given internally except under the physician's direction. Precautions 10. In processes where the hands or other parts of the body may be exposed to splashes and spills of phenol, em ployees should be provided with and re quired to wear rubber frame goggles, rubber aprons, boots and gloves. (See .Vote X) 11. As a precaution against possible absorption through the skin, clothes which have been wet with liquid phenol should be changed for dry garments at once. 12. All jugs, bottles, carboys or other receptacles in which phenol is stored or kept should be kept tightlv dosed and labelled "PHENOL (CARBOLIC ACID) -- POISON", with skull and cross-bones. 13. Food should not be kept nor eaten near phenol nor in the workroom where it is used. 14 A supply of grain alcohol should be kept near at hand in the workroom so that in ease phenol is splashed nr spilled on a worker, it may be washed off immediately. Note X: For detailed information on aprons, boots and gloves, see Safe Pr:etne> Pamphlet No. 14, ``Goggles," nud V* U. '`Protective Clothing.** National Safety Council, Inc. 20 North Wacker Drive Chicago, Illinois NATIONAL SAFE IA MW- 35 After a thorough investigation of the evidence for and against at the close of the last period of acceptance, the Council on Pharmacy and Chem istry of the American Medical Association has again reaccepted (1935) MERCUROCHROME, H. W. & D. (Dibrom-oj't/ntercuri-thiorescein-todium i I rcg u s nr off, I 2k. SOLUTION [ | m w * o tftAMOOr I j QIIIOM OITUdCUn nuomscciN sooiun I GENERAL ANTISEPTIC IFOR FIRST AID I &WESTCOTT DUNNIft* j LBAL-TIMORE. F^ROMPT care is important in preventing infected wounds. Even minor wounds may become infected when antiseptic treatment is delayed. , Jl.UD.&jb. (Dibrom-oxymercuri-fluorescein-sodium) is non-irritating and exerts bactericidal and bacteriostatic action in wounds. Industrial injuries are reported more promptly when Mercurochrome is the clinic antiseptic, because treatment is not painful. Be prepared with Mercurochrome for the first aid care of all minor wounds. In more serious cases, a physician should be consulted. HYNSON, WESTCOTT & DUNNING, INC. APRIL. 1936 36 the Accident barometer Prepared by the Statistical Bureau, National Safety Council Accidental deaths totaled approxi mately 7.750 in January, or 0.7 per cent more than occurred in January 1935. The advance may be wholly attributed to the increase of 6.7 per cent in motor vehicle fatalities, for home deaths show ed practically no change and the other public fatalities decreased sharply. The increase in occupational deaths did not exceed 100. according to present reports, or only half as much as the decrease in other public fatalities. From December to January the accident death total took a seasonal drop of approximately 1.350. due largely to fewer motor vehicle fa talities. Occupational accidental deaths for January are estimated at 1,300. an increase of 100 over January 1935. There was some increase in employment dur ing the year, but at present no definite statement can be made as to how much this increase offsets the advance in fa talities. Inter - plant contests of com munity safety councils show an unusual drop in accidents during January, com pared with the same month last year. The frequency rate per million man hours fell from 15.40 to 9.76, or nearly .57 per cent, while the severity rate per thousand man-hours decreased from 1.16 to 0.39, or 66 per cent. There was also a decline in the frequency rate recorded tor the six sectional contests conducted by the National Safety Council, from 11.01 to 10,14. or 8 per cent. Deaths re ported during February to Industrial Commissions in 20 states totaled 550. This is an advance of 9 per cent over the number reported in February, 1935. Coal mine accidents occurring in January resulted in 109 deaths, accord ing to reports received by the U. S. Bureau of Mines. Accident reports for January. 1935. covered 122 deaths. How ever, part of this improvement will be absorbed by fatalities from January ac cidents occurring subsequent to receipt THESE items summarize briefly the monthly reports collected by the National Safety Council to show current accident trends. Certain reports are analyzed more fully in other monthly publications of the Council, devoted to industrial, traffic, commercial vehicle, home, and school safety. In addition, the Council's annual statistical report "Accident Facts," contains detailed in formation on all types of accidents. All Accidental Deaths January 1936 .............. 7,750 1935 ............................. 7,700 1934 ............................. 7,866 jU. S. Census Bureau total for 1934; National Safety Council estimates for 1935 and 1936.) of the reports, according to the Bureau. Deaths from falls of roof and coal de clined from 63 to 47, while haulage acci dent fatalities increased from 11 to 31. .Steam railroad accident fatalities in the first eleven months of 1935 num bered 4,668, compared with 4.491 for the same period of 1934, an increase of 3.9 per cent. Xon-fata! injuries, on the other hand, decreased from 26,024 to 25,360, or 2.6 per cent. During the same months traffic, as measured by locomotive miles, increased 1.4 per cent. The largest advance in deaths, amount ing to 6,0 per cent, was for highway grade crossing accidents. These fatalities numbered 1,460 in the eleven months. Deaths of employees on duty totaled 386. compared with 370 in the same period of 1934. Deaths of passengers on trains decreased from 27 to 18. and of travelers not on trains from 8 to 7. Motor vehicle deaths for January are estimated at 2,630. an increase over January 1935 of 6.7 per cent. This ad vance appears to be confined to rural areas, for city reports now available (covering more than 41,000.000 popu lation) show a decrease in deaths of 6.3 per cent. T here is no information at present on the amount of gasoline con sumed in January, but in December con sumption was 7.2 per cent above De cember, 1934. If January had the same increase in consumption as December, the death rate based on gasoline con sumed would show practically no change from January. 1935. It is interesting to note that although the January death total is high, it still represents a drop of about 1,000 deaths from December. This reduction is seasonal in nature. Commercial vehicle fleets partici pating in the National Fleet Safety Con test had an average of 3.37 accidents per 100,000 vehicle miles during Janu ary. a slight increase over the January 10,35 average of 3.32. Thisxidvance was due ... d rise in the truck fleet rate from 4.71 to 4.91. Both passenger cars and buses recorded small decreases. How ever, a comparison of January rates with the averages from July to January shows increases in the rates for each type of fleet. The bus rate went up from 1.15 to 1.90; the passenger car rate, from 1.49 to 2.45; and the truck rate, from 3,24 to 4,91, According to records of past years, these advances were largely due to more hazardous driving conditions which the drivers were compelled to meet. When the July - January rates are compared with those of a year ago. it is noted that this year's rates are still 6 per cent lower than last year's despite the January in crease. Public (not motor vehicle) deaths occurring in January are estimated at 900 compared with 1.100 for January 1935. a drop of 18 per cent. According to available information, there were con siderable decreases in deaths from rail road accidents, not involving motor ve hicles. and from miscellaneous other public accidents. On the other hand, deaths from falls occurred with about the same frequency as in January. 1935. The decrease appears to be shared by all age groups. Home accident fatalities in Janu ary totaled approximately 3,100. or the same number as estimated for January, 1935. There were small decreases in deaths from falls and from bums, scalds and explosions. These were balanced by increases in asphyxiations and in mis cellaneous unclassified home deaths. De creases were recorded for persons in the age groups 25 to 64 and 65 and over, which were offset by small increases in the younger age groups. Looking Ahead .... The total number of accidental deaths in April will probably be about the same as in March, but there will be changes for certain classes of accidents. (Motor vehicle fatalities may increase by as much as 5 per cent. Brownings will in crease nearly 200, in the absence of any unusual factors. Fatal burns usually show a drop of about the same amount at this time of year. Falls may decrease slightly if the month follows the normal trend, although the records of some earlier years show minor increases. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 38 HEALII' that CUTS THROUGH THE LINE OF PRODUCTION Rapid drops in accident curves of American Mutual workmen's compensa tion policyholders---such as the combined experience of a group-sample of S00 firms graphed next to this column--never result from chance. Four features of our safety engineering can benefit even such plants as yours, already geared to safety. "PRODUCTION-SAFETY." Studying ycrur plant, we see more than the high-spots of hazards and safeguards---our engineers trace the con tinuous red wound of danger all down the line of production. Then they work with you to replace it, as far as possible, with the green thread of safety. PLOTTING THE CURVE OF THE FUTURE. We are concerned more with your safety future than your accident past. But tracing back the causes of accidents is one way to find the clue to the future. Equally revealing are the habits and attitudes of workers themselves. From such evidence, the future can be predicted--an unhealthy trend can be changed. SAFE MEN iT SAFE MACHINES. Fu'l effectiveness of guards urt machines d-pends on the understanding and cooperation of the,men at the machines. Our engineers work with this in view, not by laying down the law from outside, but by sharing their diversified experience and helping from within. COOPERATION DIVORCED FROM THE TIME CLOCK. Bound by no rou tine schedule fixed at the start of the year --our engineers give the amount of service that will be really effective in your par ticular situation. "WE WORK TO MAKE ALL WORK SAFE' The chart shows the acci dent frequency and se verity experience of 500 firms (widely varied in industry and location) during two years' safety work with American Mutual. The two graphs below show number of accidents and days tost the second year in con trast to the first. AMERICAN MUTUAL Assets: $23,809,545.32; Liabilities: $19,424,978.69; Surplus to policyholders: $4,384,566.63. As of December 31, 1935 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS AGCO THERE IS NO SAFER BY-WORD" WHEN BUYING CHAIN Chain may look alike but there is a difference--a difference in link design, materials, method of manufacture and testing. All these affect the safety factor. Acco is safe, honest, dependable chain. It is used throughout industry. It is made in all sizes, in a wide variety of patterns for practically every conceivable purpose for which chain is or can be used. For instance, the H B Dredge Chain illustrated can be had from as small as % inches up to a size that will withstand a break ing test of 348,000 pounds. The double sling chain, also illustrated, is made in sizes to safely handle working loads of from 3,800 pounds to 94,000 at 45 degrees. These are typical of the wide range in sizes and safe load working characteristics of all Acco Chain. When you buy, use the "by-word"--Acco. AMERICAN CHAIN COMPANY, Inc. Bridgeport, Connecticut World's Largest Manufacturer of Welded and Weldless Chain iti BUSINESS FOR YOUR SAFETY APRIL, 1936 39 NGER Workmen's Compensation, Auto mobile, Fidelity Bonds, Elevator, Burglary and ocher forms ofCasualty Insurance written by American Mu tual . . . Fite Insurance written by our associate, Allied American Mu tual Fire Insurance Company. Three Kinds of Profits Open to You From American Mutual safety work, come marked lowerings of accident rates and insurance costs. Also, the prevention of uninsurable indirect acci dent costs (time lost, spoiled work, poor morale, etc.) means as you well know still greater savings to your firm. From claim work, using modern medical science to restore injured men to their former usefulness, comes the saving of valued employees and the shortening of benefit payment periods. Third is the opportunity to our policyholders to share in our savings. Twenty per cent or more of their insurance costs have been returned each year since 1887. Oldest of American casualty com panies, our dividend record is sustained by highly selective underwriting and conservative New Eng land management. AMERICAN MUTUAL MAGAZNE American Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Dept. 29, 142 Berkeley St., Boston, Mass. Pleae send me the next 4 issues of the American Mutual Magazine, a mine of valuable information on how indus trial accidents are prevented. Expiration date of your present policy, if you recall it... LIABILITY INSURANCE COMPANY BRANCHES IN 53 OF THE COUNTRY'S PRINCIPAL CITIES APRIL, 1936 The Bulletin Board A page for those who maintain the Show Windows of Safety .............. Conducted by STAN KERSHAW - A New Approach y POPULAR demand the Na B tional Safety Council now offers fleet members a new and unusual awakening safety consciousness and giv ing instruction with posters. This new one does it by describing an interesting highway accident problem and telling how it can be handled with safety when type of poster. This poster, Xo. 574c7o, nfronted under actual driving condi is shown in miniature on page 43. tions. Heretofore many posters prepared for Here is a poster that is suited to many vehicle drivers have been urgent remind different uses. It is excellent for bulle ers of things familiar to most of them. tin board use if the boards are located Such posters will always be a necessity, where drivers will have the time to study because violations of well - known and the details of the problem. However, understood safe practices cause many serious accidents. By sheer force of repitition these warnings and admonitions the most effective way of making it work is to make copies available on request, to distribute folded copies to individual can give drivers that safety conscious ness that will cause them automatically to make the right decision in emergen cies, just as a person at a cigar counter invariably asks for a particularly well advertised brand of cigarette if there is drivers when they report for duty, or to mail them to the drivers' homes. Some companies have inserted special ly selected posters in loose-leaf binders and have placed several volumes thus prepared in waiting rooms where drivers any doubt in his mind as to which to can examine them at their leisure. Poster buy. X'o. 5747 is particularly well adapted to But there are other effective ways of* * this use. Still another important use may be found in driver training schools. Here QUALITY VS. QUANTITY again copies distributed to individual THE results obtained by safety posters * depend not so much on how MANY are used, but on how WELL they are drivers will facilitate study and discus sion. Be sure you make the most of this used. new kind of poster. Even though five million or more safety posters are used in the United States each year, it is safe to say that in Try This on your Men the great war on accidents the poster is one of the most neglected weapons. XJEXRY J. ROESCH, Briggs Manu- Safety posters of good design, pre pared to meet practically every require ment, are available. But many a good factoring Company, Detroit, tried this scheme to see whether men were reading safety posters, and how well poster, poorly used, is like a fine weapon they could remember the current posters. poorly aimed. Neither fulfills its purpose. As the men were standing in line at A poster plastered on a wall with no thought as to advantageous location or accessibility for reading is at once handi capped. People naturally want to be safe, but it is not natural for them to go out of their way to learn how. Get full value out of your posters by placing them where they cannot escape attention. Emphasize them with good lighting. Set a good example for your employees and prove the old axiom that "Any job worth doing at all is worth noon to buy sandwiches and coffee, he buttonholed a number of them at ran dom and asked them this question: "Can you tell me, without turning around to look, what picture the safety bulletin board has on it, what it is about, and what slogan appears with it?" Only a few could recall the picture, and no one could recall the slogan. See what reaction your men have when you try this on them. Perhaps your board needs dressing up. Perhaps you doing well." need added interest to draw the men's attention to the posters. If your men from time to time, .gs you make this test, do not know what posters are on the board, you may take it as a signal to pep up the displays. (Condensed from "Factory Management and Maintenance," Not1.. 1935.) Safety Sweepstakes Promote Caution A safety campaign, based on the com petition of a horse race, was used by the Briggs Manufacturing Company to create interest in safety. Miniature race tracks were placed in each of the five plants. Each plant was represented by a brilliantly colored horse. A study was made of each division, and a fair handicap given for the type of work and working conditions. The horses were lined up at the start ing post the first day of the contest and moved forward one space every no-acci dent day in the division. (Five lost time accidents in a single plant in one day would mean that the horse repre senting that plant had to stand still for five days.) The boards used as race tracks were made of 18-gage steel and framed in wood. Nine hundred and sixty holes were drilled around the race track and behind them a sheet of 54 inch cork was fastened. The horses were diestamped, painted in three colors, and mounted on hinged back pins stuck through the holes into the cork back ground. The overall size of the boards was approximately S by 8 feet. (Condensed from "Factory Management and Maintenance" Sov. 1935) If a home-made poster gives an ac curate account of an accident, either by pictures or by words, most of the work men will absorb the lesson, and one or more of them will be likely to discover a method by which the accident could have been avoided, and will point it out to his companions. Safety work is more than advertising, but advertising and publicity is essential to the success of any campaign to reduce accidents. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS <A V'v t /' A-: -i / CLEM UP TIME N A T i C* N LITTLE MISTAKES CAN MAKE BIG ACCIDENTS r/?e HIGHER77?e TheWORSE The ACCIDENT NA V I O N . O U N c * i, every time you take the wheel oF your car yive a thought to your part in the great campaign Ctf; , stop accidents UTSREDUCE THHFFIC HCCIDEMTS 35% by the End of 1940 THEREBY SWUM 38,000 UYES NATIONAL $AfeT'T COUNCIL on uiill neuer restore theuictimof reckless driuing NATIONAL > U NC1L I DOw* GET H TV COUNCIL S A fCTy COUNCIL NATIONAL t A F t T V COUNCIL -anb please keep our babbi} safe )cvctvotv HOW CAREFUL ^ YOU ARE HO"LUCKY ft WOUND NEGLECTED MAY BE A WOUND INFECTED ONAt A ( t. Mum? n7nKi@ ki m Rmq The Boll And Waif Until Itytopr At Yfcur Floor !! o-- Hie GOLDEN RULES of Traffic DRIVE AS YOU WOULD HAVE OTHERS DRIVE BE CAREFUL AT RAILROAD CROSSING* at _ \A.. NATION . NATIONAL SAPCTV COUNCIL . ,u~' i$|;\fER UNDB<uT the bank I the location of Fire.............. Extinguishers your department Raid out how to use theml fltff M B/ A-- V Take Extra Care of Your Health in WET WEATHER N A T i O N A i. >& WHAT IS A SAFETY SHOE ? It is one with a reinforced toe to withstand heavy blows and pressure IT PAYS TO WEAR THEM QtottiP ARE HNE PROTECTIONS YOURHANDS EXCEPTWHEN I WORKINGAT MACHINES IF YOU SUFFER FROM SICKNESS AND OTHER AIL MENTS GET GOOD MEDICAL ADVICE You Gamble With Your Future When You Don't Guard YOUR HEALTH m t-rtfiM giiKuhirt-bw^ - Woafa* brttonad erifer nktiu hood tc face m<Mlt UaUta- or Mtaataa Atovm toad Wiimad (wk* iitatacarlaatiurlattMtf* and katyUnafA fiwndni sho wPS ijA1 AftW^a1 *t V THE SAFEWAY ants CH. CO ycac4mc How Much Would Youj Take For Your RIGHT HAND! ` U N C IL Every man seated NO LEGS HANGING OVER EDGE OF TRUCK TO BE CRUSHED- C O UNc AREYOU GOING TO WONDER '\ A JL TAKE THAT (HA ATI O N A L A A t T v COUNCIL itffT STOPPERS WOULD YOU BE TRAPPED LIKE THESE DRIVERS RIGHTS IweiiMAoe SINGLE STOffft I MAM INCUAA wcu. MAoe dource STOPPERS SELDOM SUP STftAOQUNG A UNfe. WHILE APPLYINGSVOPP6R NATIONAL S A FeT WHAT HAPPENED ,0^ <s u* THIS ACCIDENT f VT I O N A L At gw vf; 'MM USE GOOD LADDER OR STAY ON THE GROUND / THE SHORTEST PATH TO GROUND MAY BE THROUGH YOUR BODY KEEP YOURSELF PROTECTED NATIONAL 4 A F C T Y COUNCIL very Good wErt mm Jd a CHALLENGE FORA BC1TER ONE NATION' F ETY C OU N( WHEN YOU BOIL \T DOWN n JUST MEANS BEING CAREFUL NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL E.VE.R STOP TO think HOW much better YOU LOOK INYOUR WORK CLOTHES ON THE JOB THAN YOU MIGHT SITTING IN A WHEELCHAIR IN YOUR SUNDAY BEST ? c .O U NC IL Some Occupational Accident Facts OccupationalAccidents cost '620,000,000 last yean/ Oneoutof EVERY 6 CUTS AND LACERATIONS, BECAME INFECTED/ IF YOU SUFFER A DISABLING MuFPmc) INJURY IN AN OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENT one chance in s*youu at wtuo iNt CHANCE IN lO0 YOU'U K COMFUTHy OHAIUO 'HFJTOF YOU* UK ONE OUNCE IN 21 TOUU St FAATIAU.Y 51SAIU0 THE REST OF YOU* UK WHY TAKE A CHANCE? AT I O N A L CTY COUNCIL When you cut t corners ijoure in the otherfellows riaht-o-waV-, MAY TAKE It/ C O U NC What you forget fora moment you may remember fora lifetime - - REMEMBER SAFETY NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL IOOKOVERIHIGROIINI BEfORE AIIGHTINI O NATIONAL 5.AFCTY COUNCt SLIPS DO COVNT. 1A THOUGHT FOR TODAY iAJfD KVKRY DAY) ii KELP FLOORS C L E A N// 1ts not only the /mow/edge of SAFETY butthepractice that counts 4*Si & 'sees w ITS...Poor Judgment to take Chances with FAULTY BRAKES! NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL j THATS FINE,GEORGE. , WEU IMPROVE THAT GUARD RIGHT AWAY.: THANKS FOR THE SUGGESTION. L ' FCTv COUNC' . . . Help the new employee! Teach him the safety tricks of the trade. You may save a life or prevent a serious injury.The new man will appreciate your friendly interest . L SAFETY C U N < FOR THEIR SAKE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL V^hen someone near and dear meets with a serious accident or there is a death in your family, .... your thoughts and actions are likely to be confused .............. it such a time be extra cautious lest you meet with an accident and make serious trouble all the more serious. NATIONAL JAPE' ood lousekeeping Does not mean cleaning up once a weeKoronce d monthIt means keeping things c/eam ` aitthe time. iAL r, A F e T Y COUNCIL It's not WHAT you lift but HOWyou lift it NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 48 SAFETY Swinging back on a strap of leather-- gaffs dug deep in a wooden pole, an asphalt street or concrete curb below --the lineman knows that failure in equipment would probably be fataL His job is free from worry because his equipment is Kleins. `Since 1857" the name Klein on line men's equipment has stood for the finest in quality, whether it's pliers or sleeve twisters, climbers or safety -traps, torches or furnaces. Distributed through jobbers The four pamphlets listed below will bo sent without charge to anyone interested. Check the ones you want. W^4**** G Safety (or the Pol* Climber. Specifications on Linemen's Salts and Safety Shops. The Safety Factor on Linemen's Leather Goods. Pocket Tool Guide. M<a~thmiasKl LE1NIhd SSO^^elmon^Avenue^GdcagoJIIinois Welding Wisdom (Continued from page 18) pressure required at the blowpipe; and second, to maintain the working pres sure constant during operation ot` the equipment. By means of an adjusting screw, this working pressure may be set at any desired value within the range of the regulator capacity. Once set, the regulating mechanism will maintain this pressure automatically. It should be remembered that regu lators must be handled with a reasonable amount of care if they are to operate continuously without trouble. Regu lators should be disconnected from the cylinder valves when moving cylinders that are not mounted on portable trucks. Do not use regulators that are not in proper operating condition. If a regula tor creeps, that is, if the pressure builds up on the working pressure gauge after the blow pipe valves are closed, the regu lator should be repaired at once. It is a good plan to have the regulators in spected at regular intervals by a compe tent operator. In making replacements, use only standard parts supplied by the manufacturer. Major repairs should be made by the manufacturer. Connecting Apparatus Be sure there is no oil or grease on hands or gloves. Before attaching a regulator to the cylinder, the cylinder valve should be opened slightly for an instant and then closed. This will blow out any dust and dirt that may have accumulated and that might otherwise enter the regulator. Do not crack acety lene valves in the presence of a flame or other source of ignition. After tighten ing the regulator union nut, make certain that the pressure-adjusting screw is re leased before opening the cylinder valve. The pressure-adjusting screw is released by turning it counter-clockwise (to the left) until it is loose. The cylinder valve should be opened only slightly at first, so that the high-pressure gauge hand moves up slowly. If opened quickly, the sudden rush of high-pressure gas might strain the high-pressure gauge mechan ism. After the high-pressure gauge hand has stopped moving, open the oxygen cylinder valve as far as it will go; open acetylene cylinder valves one and onehalf turns only. Connect standard oxygen and acety lene hose to the connections on the re spective regulators and to the corre sponding connections on the blowpipe. Select the proper welding head or cutting nozzle (according to the chart furnished by the apparatus manufacturer) and screw it carefully and tightly into A blowpipe. ' Open the blowpipe oxygen valve only Adjust the oxygen regulator until the low-pressure gauge indicates the proper pressure passing through the head or nozzle. Then close the blowpipe oxvgen valve. 's The exact procedure for adjusting the acetylene pressure for lighting the blow pipe and adjusting the flame varies with the type of blowpipe and the source of acetylene. For this reason, the blowpipe manufacturer's directions should always be followed. ' To light the weiding blowpipe, open the blowpipe oxygen valve one-half turn open the acetylene valve wide and light the mixture at the tip with a lighter. To extinguish the blowpipe flame when the job is completed, first close the blowpipe acetylene valve and then the oxygen valve. Remember, acetylene will burn, oxygen does not. If work is stop ped for a long period (overnight or dur ing lunch hour), close the cylinder valves and then release all gas pressure from the regulators by opening the blow pipe valves momentarily. Close the blowpipe valves and release the pressure adjusting screws on the regulators. General Working Conditions So far as the relation of the welding and cutting process to its surroundings is concerned, the principal facts to remem ber are that blowpipes give open flames and that in use sparks may be scattered about unnoticed by the operator. This means that wherever possible, welding and cutting should be done in fireproof quarters. Floors should be of concrete or some fire-resisting material. Many foundries and shops have simply a dirt floor. Where welding or cutting has to be performed in establishments having wooden floors, it is advisable to see that no unprotected combustible material is stored on the floor below, directly under the place where the work is being done. Better still, the floor should be covered with metal or other suitable non-com bustible material wherever sparks or hot metal are likely to fall. In any case, all readily combustible materials should be removed from the vicinity. If the build ing is equipped with automatic sprink lers, the person in authority should not permit any work to be done until he has made certain that the sprinklers have not been disconnected for repair or alter ation. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS I Because of the possible presence of flammable gases, vapor or dust, rigid restrictions are enforced against the use of any open flame in certain parts of some plants, such as gas plants, petro leum refineries and plants spraying lac quers or similar materials, and in mines known to be gaseous. Welding or cut ting blowpipes should never be used in these locations unless the responsible official in charge has personally inspected the conditions and has issued instruc tions to proceed with the work. Commercial Drivers' School Thrives WHY is Milwaukee, Wisconsin's chief city, consistently bettering its al ready enviable record in public safety? Part of the answer is that Milwaukee is applying the three "E's" of traffic accident prevention -- Engineering, En forcement and Education. The rest of the answer is that the work is being done with exceptional thoroughness, deter mination and continuity. One example of the success won by this continuity or "follow through" is the annual motor drivers' school spon sored by the Milwaukee Safety Com mission. The school is now in its tenth year. Each year, under the vigorous care of the Commission, the attendance has grown, and last year it reached a figure of 3,700. This year, on the basis of ad vance registration, the average attend ance will be in excess of 4,SOO. The school is chiefly for commercial drivers, although the public may attend. About a month in advance of the open ing date announcements were sent to industrial enterprises throughout Mil waukee, and within three days a flood of entries was received, indicating a ca pacity audience. The motor drivers' school opened in the auditorium of the Milwaukee Voca tional School March 19, with Chauncey Yockey, of the Milwaukee Fire and Police Commission, speaking on "Co operation." At the second conference, March 26, George Opp. of the Detroit Edison Company, addressed the group on "Accidents--Causes and Remedies." A. W. Koehler, of the National Confer ence on Street and Highway Safety, Washington. D. C., will address the third conference, April 2, on "Motor Driver vs. Pedestrian." The school will come to a close on the evening of April 9, when Clifford Davis, Vice-Mayor of Memphis, Tenn., speaks on "Speed--A Menace to Safety." Persons attending three or more ses sions will be awarded diplomas. APRIL. 1936 One ofthe most important chain achievements in industrial his tory! Tested under severe condi tions for over 3 years, the new HERC-ALLOY Heat Treated Steel Sling Chain has proved it self a "double duty" chain in both strength and endurance. And, best of all, it cuts sling chain maintenance to a new low. Check through these HERC-ALLOY superiorities: CHAINS OHeit Treated HERC-ALLOY throughoat the entire chain to give maximum uniform strength. links are INSWELL Electric Welded by a new process fully covered by patents. HERC-ALLOYHeatTreatedHooksgive maximum strength at these vital points. O Short, narrow links reduce to a mini mum the danger of beading or gouging when used around sharp corners. All Joiner links are of Heat Treated HERC-ALLOY. Write for descriptive folder on this new extra-strength, low cost chain, columbus McKinnon CHAIN CORPORATION General Sales Office: TONAWANDA, N. V. HERC-ALLOY Heat Treated Steel Chain is manufac tured from a high grade alloy steel containing nickel and molybdenum. Heat Treated under the most modern pyrometer control by an exclusive process. The result: an alloy combining in the highest degree these requisites: ductility, extreme strength and resis tance to wear. Valicjned and built by COLUMBUS-JVUKINNON 50 % '.K&iin Employee Training (Continued from page n) Ofyou have dust problems like -- Abrasives S' Alkali Carbon Cement v Chemicals^ Coal Fertilized %: 1 i'P, Gypsum > " -ft, -l Industrial . ' Lime - Paint,,,. Plastics Pulp \ ... Rubber p%-Silica -Starch ^> ' ?/j Zinc Oxides -fl ,? 3RUTWOUR DUST; SUPPRESSION UP TO US....... THE AMERICAN FOUNDRY EQUIPMENT COMPANY *1 hit1 637 8YRKIT ST. MISHAWAKA, INDIANA gt,,est`9atK DUSTUBE COLLECTORS terms of text books and school rooms. That is the symbol of education--not training. Industrial training is merely splendid results from job Training pro grams which foremen have worked out on their own initiative. the acquiring of practical information about the job and the practical applica tion of that information to the job, with Let me describe how one of these job training groups was organized and con ducted in our own plant. Over a period the result that the skill of the individual of time there had been a number of lost is increased and the number of his mis time accidents on a comparatively sim takes is decreased. ple operation. The foreman in charge Though American industry has be was at a loss to know how to prevent come remarkably efficient with its mass these accidents. Finally he decided to production methods, we have never paid hold a job training class. He sought the enough attention to the mass training aid of the plant safety adviser and the of men. It is true that we have long had maintenance foreman in that section. vocational training courses for electri One evening all the men performing cians, welders, moiders, machinists, and that kind of work were called together other tradesmen; it is true that we have in the plant. There, alongside the ma conducted courses in fundamental edu chine, the foreman explained how the cation such as mathematics, practical machine should be operated, how the metallurgy, and the like. But participa product should be inserted, what the tion in such educational programs has machine did to the product, the quality been voluntary and has benefited only of product expected, the output, and all small groups. What Industry needs today the other factors dealing specifically with is employee training which reaches out to production. All the while he encour the average man on the average job, and aged the men to ask questions. as a condition of employment requires Next, the mechanical maintenance that he regularly and-systematically de foreman took the floor. He described vote a part of his time to improving his how the machine was built, what it cost, skill. why it should be kept dean and well This is a responsibility which is dele lubricated, and who was responsible for gated to supervisors by the president of these duties. Next he explained the pur the company, just as production and pose of the safeguards and their proper quality responsibilities are delegated to position to prevent accidents. them. Naturally, the president is respon He was followed by the electrical sible to the owners of the business to foreman who gave a detailed description manage their property as efficiently as of the electrical features, the location of possible. He cannot do all of the work the control switches, and so on. himself, and so he trains and selects Then the safety advisor took the assistants. These assistants train and stand. He pointed out the natural haz select other assistants, and so on. In the ards of the job. He concluded by show long run, every foreman is an assistant ing how they could be avoided. to the president. Selection and training After all this explaining, one of the of men is the most important single job least efficient operators was asked to the president has before him. It is also step up to the machine and demonstrate the supervisor's biggest and most im his understanding of the discussion. This portant job. was repeated again and again. Consciously or not, each supervisor The result of this job training class dees some training in the course of each was the complete elimination of lost time day's work. Every time he issues in accidents on this operation for several structions, every time he expresses criti years. Not all of our job training groups cism, he is adding to some man's store worked out so well. However, taking the of knowledge. But the important ques company as a whole, there was a very tions are this: "Is he doing enough pleasing decrease in the number m Inst training? Is he doing it in a systematic time accidents as well as a corresponding and effective way?" decrease in severity. Whether his company conducts an organized training program or not, every supervisor can be his own training de partment if he honestly feels it is worth the time and effort. I have seen some In my opinion the chief reason h-r the effectiveness of job training in a,, d.-nt prevention is that it is simple and ei-dy understandable. It deals -pe- ui. i.lv with the job, and the workman - ,-.-s NATIONAL SAFETY \ 1 \V< 51 it is something conducted mainly for his benefit. Therefore he responds. I have heard it frequently said today that the average industrial worker isn't interested in his job, but I cannot agree with the statement. I believe that down under neath he really wants to be interested, and I believe that interest can be won. I wonder if we fully appreciate how im portant this thing called "the job" really is to the average man. He has few out side interests competing for his time. He spends a large part of every day on that job. When there is no work to do he is like a fish out of water. I have known plenty of men whose idea of a pleasant Sunday afternoon after a hard week's work was a trip to the plant. In the days before prohibition, when the old comer saloon flourished, there was many a ton of steel rolled conversation ally in Middletown before the bar. It has always seemed to me that the foreman who cannot capture this natural interest of men in their job is missing something that can be mighty helpful. The men in your department can be of great assistance if you can find work for their brains as well as their hands. Most men are square. They want to do the right thing. They want to improve them selves, just as you do, so they may go on to a better job and a larger pay check. They will follow the leader who wins their interest through thick and thin. Progress in industry is the sum of many ideas and many contributions from supervisors and men. Practical ideas and suggestions are valuable. Industry today operates on small margins of profit, and a good idea may mean the difference between profit and loss: it may mean--if the idea benefits your company --the difference between steady work and part-time work, for your company can book the orders your competitor can't afford to take. Employee training stimulates ideas because it encourages men to think. However, the supervisor is the only person who can maintain a steady flow of ideas. To do so, he must receive those ideas with enthusiasm; he must investigate them with care; he must always give full credit to the maker, or those ideas will not always be forth coming. About a year ago, while visiting a cer tain company, I became acquainted with a young department superintendent. He was aggressive and apparently quite bril liant. The works manager confidentially told me that Ed was slated for greater responsibilities. Not long ago, I visited that plant again. Another man held Ed's job. I remembered what had been said on my previous visit, so I asked the works man ager what had become of Ed. "We were wrong about Ed," he ex plained. "Ed ran out of ideas. He had 400 men working for him, but he was trying to do all the thinking for the en tire 400. It didn't work." An interesting incident occurred a few years ago in another steel plant. They were having a series of accidents on one of their picklers, but fortunately, these were accidents to the product rather than to the men. A brown stain was ap pearing on the sheets as they went through the operation. The plant man ager couldn't put his finger on the cause, so he called in an expert from New York, who spent several weeks at the plant. One day a veteran pickier approached him. "I think this creek water we are using in the pickier is causing that stain," he said. That sounded reasonable, so they tried using city water. The stains dis appeared. However, the plant paid the bill for high priced consulting service, when the man who had the solution of the problem was right there on the job all the time. Though most of my remarks have been directed at what job training means NOW is the time to Equip your Men FOR THE UNEXPECTED DEADLY BITE OF A SNAKE THE Davis Snake Bite Kit contains an unbreak able syringe which is always "on the job" to suck the venom from the fang holes. An ordinary syringe of fragile material which broke when dropped on a rock might be the indirect cause of the loss of life. For men who work independently along pipe lines, etc., you will find a first aid kit combined with the Snake Bite Kit a vduable addition. The Davis Combination Kit contains in one convenient carrying case a complete Pocket First Aid Kit as well as the Snake Bite Kit. Have your men fully protected and you will be more sure of their health and work. Give them a Davis Combination Kit. The low cost, adaptabil ity and convenience will please you. . 8Artfv ecwvtce SNAKE BITE " POESY Ms) `Pasr Ease? DAVIS 8KSKCO.INC. Contain*.--Tourniquet, Scalptl, Unbreakable syringe, /odine swab. Ammonia inhalants, Dryfaaic adhe sive compresses. Contains: -- Bandage Compresses, Drybak adhesive compresses. Ammonia inhalants, iodine swabs. Tubes of Tannoid burn treatment. Us* coupon now to sond without obli gation for a com pute description of ths soli-con tained Davis Combi nation Kit for men work outdoors. The Davis Combination Kit--Snake Bite and First Aid Kit in one con venient carrying case. DAVIS :rr CO., INC. Chicago, IH. New York City Houston, Tex. San Francisco and Los Angeles, Cal. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.r Inc. 55 Van Dam Street, New York City Please send my copy of your Bulletin on Snake Bites to Name__ Address.. Gty_____ APRIL. 1936 52 .* . *> l>, y*'r. ti-', 4>. '*' /'t '. . '. *?* v, /, . <, j :, . 7 j . *.,, - "/* ,. . /-'' ' <*> . ' ' 4&S Ed c/i unctaltcoirafi ApeindtkiLi^t ; Jwpfc' One of the great advances of industry is the recent realization of just how uncontrolled dust has chiseled into profits. Blaw-Knox Dust Control in creases profits just as surely as modern production machinery reduces costs. A Blaw-Knox Dust Collector installation applies the results of scientific research and highly specialized engineering to your problem for the suppression--collection -- removal of dust of any character. If your dust problem is large or small--hot or cold--dry or wet--consult Blaw-Knox for promptand economical solution. BLAW-KNOX COMPANY 2030 l*nnr* Bank Bldg, Pittsburgh, P*. o Oen New Instant Treatment for Burns and Surface Injuries VioGen is more than a complete burn treatment of top etTlciency. It is also a tirst class general antiseptic for surface injuries and diseases of the skin such as impetigo, erysipelas and varicose ulcers, Recommended t.y a Boston specialist for painting sore throats. You need VioGen. We provide free trial and guarantee satisfaction. MAIL COUPON TODAY! BURNHAM LABORATORIES, P. BURNHAM LABORATORIES, W. Medway, Mass. Gentlemen i*end Free Trial Siz of VioGen tn; to the employee, I can say without rese vation that it is even more valuabl N the supervisor. As an illustration I m!sl cite the case of a foreman who had bee!! on the same job with a steel company f0 many years. He was not. an outstanding man in any way. He saw many depart ment superintendents come and go. On# day the p-esent superintendent was moved to another plant, and as a last resort Harry was given an opportunity to act as superintendent. He took the same men and the same equipment, and worked wonders with the safety, cost and quality records. There was no magic in his methods. He recognized his own limitations, so he used every available aid in order to master that job. His first act was to initiate a thorough job train ing program. Then he began to discuss the facts about the business in which the men would have a natural interest. He kept them informed. If a crew made a new cost production record, he made sure that their good work was recog nized, and he also saw to it that the other crews knew what they had done. Pretty soon a spirit of friendly rivalry took form, which has made Harry one of the most valuable superintendents in the plant. It has always seemed to me that one of the finest things you can do for a man is to help him help himself. Most of us can look backward, and we will regard with affection some man who has influ enced our lives by helping us to become better men. Perhaps he was a stern dis ciplinarian; perhaps he had few of the appealing human virtues which make men popular. But he imparted to us something which helped us on the up ward climb. He made us do only what common sense required, and we re spected him for it. A few weeks ago the works managers of two steel plants were in conference. Georffe has a splendid record. He is a vigorous individual, a strong believer in training and an outstanding leader. He expects results from his organization, and he gets results. He has developed a large number of high grade men, and seldom does he have to apologize for his safety record. Bill has no such record to his credit. His plant is frequently in trouble, and on several occasions he has had to dis charge men who had come to him.after having made good records in other steel plants After transacting their business, Bill confidentially remarked to George that he (George) was too hard on his men. Hard--hell!" George replied. "If I'm hard with my men, you're cruel with NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS I yours. I train 'em. Then I insist that they do what they know how to do. But you--you let 'em drift and do as they please. Then you fire 'em." At the beginning of the year the audi tors are checking the company's books to determine what the organization accom plished during 1935 and what its assets are. Though tlu chief executive of every important industry will tell you that well-trained, loyal men are the most valuable assets of any company, few at tempts are made to audit the human ele ment. Vet you can "audit" your men even more readily than your company audits its physical assets. A personnel audit will show you that all men may be classified in three gen eral groups. First, there is that small group of outstanding men who are ready for greater responsibilities. Next, there is a large group, composed of average to good men. Finally, there is another small group of men who have never se cured the right toe-hold in industry. If history repeats itself, and you care to carry the investigation further, you will probably find that not only is the five per cent of the force composed of the least capable workmen, but that it also accounts for the larger share of accidents. Why are these men inefficient work ers? Why haven't they developed along with others who had the same oppor tunities? There is usually a reason, and it is important that the supervisor find it. I am well aware that the industrial supervisor is a busy man. He cannot spread his efforts too thinly, and he should not attempt more than he can carry through to a successful conclusion. It is therefore perfectly plain that his first efforts should be spent with this group of incompetents. If, when the audit is repeated next year, the top and middle groups are larger and the incompetent group is smaller, you will have reason to feel gratified. Such a readjustment could not have occurred without painstaking and constructive work throughout the year. Water and Fatigue (Continued from page 2?) fn the event that a circulating system is used bubblers should be spaced 50 to 75 feet apart to provide the ideal condi tion. If sanitary fountains and individual drinking cups are in use, the cups should be provided free, they should be kept protected from dust and dirt, the supply should never be permitted to run out, and adequate provision should be made for disposal of the used cups. Fountains should be in open areas. APRIL, 1936 53 Which Would You Rather Maintain? 20 FAUCETS hjb** 20 Wash Faucets . Basin - or . One Bradley spray - bead serves the same number 0/people as 20 ordinary faucets--and each user washes in dean, running water. ONE SPRAYHEAD? 10 wash basins with 20 hot and cold water faucets provide no more washing facilities than--one Bradley Washfountain. This means 10 times as many drains to maintain--20 times as many chances for leaking faucets . . . prac tically 10 times as much water for washing 10 men. The Bradley is the choice of today's industrial plants--because it is more sanitary--saves its cost in lower water consumption and maintenance--pro W persons can wash at one time at a Brad ley. Economy m water control leaves hands free to wash. Made in various materials and styles. vides speedier washing facilities-- and is simpler and less costly to install. New Catalog Let us mail our recendy published catalog--and give you the names of some of the users of the thousands of Bradley Washfountains. BRADLEY WASHFOUNTAIN CO., 2237 W. Michigan St., [__ k~ -- Milwaukee, Wis. ...... '"*,k IB IRA ID IL IEY WASHFOUNTAINS and SHOWERS Janitor labor is re- \ ~T"" duced to a mmtmum \ / with Bradleys. One \ fountain replaces as '- many as JO wash basins. No More Accidents in This Shop! -- or in any other where WTESMAN SAFETY PRESS GUARDS are installed on the power presses. The cam action operating principle assures maximum safety and in no way interferes with rapid production. Simple in construc tion, automatic in action, and easy to attach. Made for right or left hand stroke. Write for details. Wiesman Mfg. Co. 11 South St. Clair St. DAYTON, OHIO, U.S.A. SYNONYMOUS usith Trucks, stock piles, or equipment should not be allowed to accumulate where they will make it difficult for employees to reach the bubblers. a spigot and a hand pump to give the necessary pressure. Equally convenient is a water jug from which water may be poured into the workman's receptacle SAFETY There is still another side to the prob lem of drinking water. When the purity of the original water supply is assured, Where a portable water supply is USWj' rare must be taken to rinse the container often with boiling water. " WILLIAMS' \"NON-SPARKING" SAFETY WRENCHES care must be taken to see that the water is kept pure until it is delivered to the employee. Although most states now forbid the use of the common drinking cup, the "community" glass perched on top of the bottle of pure spring water is not yet Even when every provision for an ade quate drinking water supply is made by the management, some employees will not take advantage of the opportunity to provide the necessary irrigation for the body. Through posters, articles in employee unknown. Workmen should be discouraged from drinking water from the end of a hose magazines and other literature the use of water may be encouraged. Physicians agree that at least six glasses of water W l L L I A .VI s' "Non - Sparki n g" Safety Wrenches are de signed for use wherever a spark may produce disas trous results. Dropforged from beryllium- copper and accurately heat-treated, they are unequalled in strength, toughness and hardness. Non - rusting, non - corroding, non magnetic -- practically as strong as steel wrenches of similar size and de sign. Single and double head patterns in a wide range of sizes. or from faucets and other outlets not de signed for drinking purposes. The best way to do this is to provide a modern sanitary outlet system. This implies construction of impervi ous material, such as vitreous china, porcelain, enameled cast iron or similar material; a jet which permits the water to issue at an angle, and a guard which prevents the lips from touching the end of the jet; the nozzle of the jet located at a level above the edge of the bowl, so that the nozzle will not be flooded in case the drain of the bowl is dogged; a bowl that is easy to ciean and that will not cause splashing; a drain that does not have a direct physical connection to a waste pipe, unless the drain is trapped; a set valve or automatic valve a day are required by the average per son in addition to the water assimilated in food. In hot weather even more may be required, particularly by employees engaged in strenuous occupations. To offset the loss of body salts through perspiration, sodium chloride tablets should be made available. When these conditions are observed, it is relatively easy to ingrain in the em ployee the habit of drinking sufficient water. And when a regular schedule of "irrigation" is established, the way is paved toward greater efficiency and pro ductivity. Industrial Efforts Win Civic Awards WILLIAMS' "VULCAN" SAFETY LATHE DOGS Bent and Straight Tail Patterns Single and Double crew--to 6" Capacity Safety and better balance on the lathe are distinct features of this Williams' "Vulcan" design. No projecting set screws to catch the operator's clothes. Screws of special steel hardened and tern* pered. Specify "Vulcan" Drop-forged Lathe Dogs for safety. J. H. WILLIAMS & CO. 75 Spring St. New York Western Warehouse anti Sales Office, Chicago Works, Baffalo, .V. Y. Headquarters for: Drop-Forged Wrenches i Carbon and Alloy), Detachable Socket Wrenches, "C" Clamps, Lathe Dogs, Tool Holders, Eye Dolts, Hoist Hooks, Thumb Nats and Screws, Chain Pipe Tongs and Vises, ete., eta. to regulate the flow of water, so that the- valve or lever manipulated by users of the fountain will merely turn the water on or off; a fountain tall enough so that it will be convenient for the majority of those using it; a waste opening and pipe of sufficient size to carry out water promptly. Many Id fountains can be modernized inexpensively to conform to these speci fications. Workmen should be encouraged to keep the fountains and surrounding areas dean. Fountains should be located in well-lighted, dean places, so that no em ployee will attempt to deposit chewing gum, cigaret. stubs or other rubbish in the basin without feeling guilty. Plant regulations should insist emphatically that the fountain basin be not used for a cuspidor, and these regulations should be enforced. . Maintaining the purity of a water supply is particularly difficult in con struction work, in out-of-the-way loca T^HE Safety Division of the Milwaukee 1 Association of Commerce recently re ported the largest registration in fifteen years in the Foremen's First Aid and Health, and Fire Prevention Schools. The registration totaled 11,700, repre senting 350 Milwaukee industries. This group conducted three seasonal campaigns last year, reaching 110,000 homes in the fire prevention campaign; 1,500 mercantile establishments in the Christmas hazards campaign; and 600, 000 citizens in the safe Fourth of July campaign. As a result of this work, Milwaukee enjoyed honor awards in the fire waste contest and the health conservation con test conducted by the United States Chamber of Commerce. City Bars Sale of Gas or Oil to Drunks A city ordinance prohibiting the sale tions, and in mines. In these types of of gasoline or oil to intoxicated motor work, in many cases, a portable water ists has been passed by the city of Can supply is necessary. This may best be ton, Ohio, according to an Associated obtained by the use of a water bucket Press dispatch. The ordinance provides with a tight-fitting cover, equipped with penalties for attendants who violate it. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 55 An Improved Unit for II PREVENTION OF HEAT SICKNESS The New Fairway Metal Hopper Salt Tablet Dispenser complete with lock top and key. I FAIRWAY METAL HOPPER TABLET DISPENSER 1 With Lock Top and Keg FAIRWAY GLASS HOPPER TABLET DISPENSER With Protecting Shell 8E SURETO SPECIFY STYLE HOPPER P6SIRE0 This new dispenser meets the for all the dispensing units your problem where the glass hopper proves too fragile. The new all metal dispenser has a number of better features-- new lock top permits much easier refills---holds larger sup ply of tablets. various departments will need. Vi e continue the glass hopper and will supply this on all units except wh'ere metal hopper is specified. Meet hot weather with a full supply of Fairway Sodium Free from any chance of break age, thus widening the number of places in which the dispenser Chloride Tablets and your choice of these perfected dis pensers. Write for booklet "Pre can be installed. vention of Heat Sickness" and Now is a good time to arrange prices of tablets and dispensers. Note:--Metal hopper fits dll present installations of "Fairway" Junior Dispensers where it is desired to replace present glass hoppers. FAIRWAY LABORATORIES, inc. Belleville, Illinois Practice Good Housekeeping for SAFETY Good safety records are usually closely associated with good housekeeping. Industrial workers will do better work and have more pride in their jobs if working condi tions are clean and healthful. Cluttered, dirty aisles, stairways and floors invite accidents, decrease efficiency. Back up your rules and safety program with Stonehouse Signs. They are permanent reminders of the value of good housekeeping. Stonehouse Good Housekeeping Signs have been developed over years of experience and have proved most effective. Hundreds of stock signs to choose from. Standard accident prevention colors and designs. Complete information and prices gladly on request. ThtfVs t 8tn*frou# Ae IdMt PrVMtiM Situ for v*ry i*utrfot SIGN S.inc MANUFACTURERS 9th at Larimer Denver, Colorado ACCIDENT PREVENTION Steef SIGNS IN STANDARD COLORS AND DESIGNS APRIL, 1936 56 Personals s' Walter W, Matthevvs, for fifteen years director of safety in the Bureau of Highway Patrol and Safely, Depart ment of Revenue, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, has been appointed man ager of the Philadelphia Safety Council a division of the Chamber of Commerce! The newly organized council is arrang ing a comprehensive program of high way, industrial, and home safety activi ties, with the backing of many local organizations. S. Weston Scott succeeds Mr. Mat thews as director of safety in the state motor vehicle department. Meank Safety ALL OVER THE WORLD in ani\ JOanqnaqs Men, Women and Children all over the World wear RAW-CORD and GRO-CORD Soles and Heels because they provide NON-SLIP Safety and Long Wear. Mrs, Francia Baird Crocker, R. N., has been appointed associate for nursing activities by the National Society for the Prevention of Blindness. Mrs. Crocker succeeds Miss Mary Emma Smith, R. NT., who resigned to accept the position of director of public health nursing in the New Mexico Bureau of Public Health. Mrs. Crocker was formerly director of the Prevention of Blindness Department in the Missouri Commission for the Blind. GRO-CORD and RAW-CORD Soles and Heels are used in dairies, on farms, iron and steel foundries, railroad shops, auto factories, gas and electric plants, ice and fuel stations, stone quarries, general warehouses--where Safety is an important factor, also street and office. The Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co., Dept. 7-F, Lima, O. Fully Protected by Pateots-Aoy Infringement# Will Be Prosecuted H. J. Brammeier, formerly assistant secretary-manager of the St. Louis Safe ty Council, has been appointed eye pro tection service representative of the American Optical Company for the en tire state of Ohio. During the past two years Mr. Brammeier directed the state safety program of the CWA and the FERA in Missouri and more recently organized and directed a state-wide safe ty program for the PWA in Illinois. NON-SLIP SOLES AND HEELS Close Hopper-Bottom Car Doors with Floyd F. Kay has resigned as mana ger of the Safety Bureau of the Mem phis Chamber of Commerce to become secretary of the Spartansburg. S. .. Chamber of Commerce. EASE and SAFETY with the Prescott Safety Tool This special tool will close hopperbottom car doors. Prevent smashed fingers, strained backs, ruptures and other serious injuries. Saves time--Is inexpensive. The Trumbull Mfg. Co. Warren VV Ohio INSURANCE DEPARTMENT MANAGER Will set up and operate insurance department for large manufacturer. Experienced on self insurance. Safety engineering work. I am a licensed in surance broker with 21 years insur ance work; seven years with present employer whose annual saving on insurance is $100,000. Married and under 40. Address Box 298, NA TIONAL SAFETY NEWS. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 57 JAMES D. HACKETT James D. Hackett, director of the Division of Industrial Hygiene, New York State Department of Labor, died in New York City on February 13, after a short illness. Born in Kilkenny, Ire land, he was educated at Clongowes Wood College in Ireland. After coming to the United States in 1904 he was en gaged as a labor consultant and lecturer on labor problems. Mr. Hackett was primarily interested in promoting hygiene and safety among industrial workers. In 192S he wrote, "Health Maintenance in Industry," and in 1929, "Labor Management." He was appointed to the Department of Labor in 1929. He had been a member of the Metropolitan Chapter, ASSE-Engineering Section, National Safety Council. His work did much to popularize the fa cilities developed by the New York De partment of Labor to help employers promote health and safety. CLYDE M. BRAD1NG Clyde M. Brading, formerly super intendent of safety and labor for the Wisconsin Steel Works of the Interna tional Harvester Company, Chicago, died March 16 in Florida where he had been spending the winter. He was 52 years old and is survived by his widow and one son. Mr. Brading joined the International Harvester organization in 1908 and was appointed superintendent of safety and labor in March, 1912, holding this posi tion until ill health made his retirement necessary in October 1934. He had been a regular attendant at the Annual Safety Congresses since 1913. Council President Honored JAMES K. MILLER, JR,, president of the Grand Rapids Safety Council, has been selected for the National Junior Chamber of Commerce Service Award for Grand Rapids. The award is made annually by the Junior Association in each city in which it is organized and goes to the man between 25 and 35 years old who has been judged as having ren dered outstanding service to his com munity during the preceding year. Mr. Miller's principal civic service has been with the Grand Rapids Safety Council of which he is now serving his second term as president. He also has served on various committees and in many local undertakings. He is manager of the United Auto Insurance Co. APRIL. 1936 YOUR MEN do better work when you sterilize cutting lu bricants with Derma-San. For Denna-San keeps oil dermatitis out of your plant. By protecting your workers against this serious skin disease, it saves compensation and medical costs. By eliminating oil infections, it increases effi ciency and production. Guard your men with Derma-San. Add 1 pint of Derma-Sent to 35 gallons of cutting lubricant, and kill pus-forming germs before they attack your workers. Darma-San is ideal for alt general plant sanitation. Dfnvtn HunTinGToninmonR TOHomo BUHR/fE Belts for Railroad Men. ,\'o, 1181 Car Runner's Safety Belt T h i s spe< i a 1 bait was < I e signed for the protection f w rk m e n i rt switching it\d dropping- < a i > Belt is made .f leather nr i ru prestnated webhiniar. Worker prevented from falling t< tracks. Xo. 1130 Locomotive Safety Belt and .Safety Sling Designed to pro tect workman on any operation above the run ning board on a locomotive where it is required to put arty stress on wrenches, bars or other equipment which mij?ht cause him to fall. R. H. BUHRKE CO. /jitter 4538 Fullerton Ave. CHICAGO. ILL. 58 A Plea for the Negative STOP ACCIDENTS ___ M OLD HICKORY STEELGRIP At The Source! EVERY industrial enterprise has its potential sources of danger. Some of them are quite apparent --others, apparent only to those skilled and trained in accident pre vention engineering. The INDUSTRIAL' GLOVES CORPORATION has been en gaged, for the past twenty-five years, in the manufacture of STEEL-GRIP personal safety equipment for the protection of industrial workers. As specialists in this field we are called on regularly by our in dustrial customers to diagnose potential sources of danger and prescribe the remedies where prop erly designed safety clothing is the solution. This service is offered without obligation. Call upon us to help you stop accidents at the source! LET US SERVE YOU INDUSTRIAL GLOVES CORPORATION 725 GARFIELD BLVD. DANVILLE, ILL. Chicago Philadelphia Detroit ( Continued from page ij) clumsy at the controls, road tests are of cause of accidents. There is an old Ge doubtful value. On the other hand the man adage that, "A jug will g0 tn Zl mounting of a steering wheel and con well until it breaks." "e trols on a nicely finished stand does not A driver who has never had an acci constitute a test for automobile driving. dent would do well not to boast of the Don't stop with a diagnosis. When you have ascertained the condition of your drivers, the causes of your fleet acci dents, or the most probable causes by acceptable methods, do not cease your efforts. Here is where your good work begins. Call the men in by groups-- those who are careless about traffic regu lations, those who are clumsy at per formance, and those who are not as alert mentally as they should be. Plan your educational program around the defects of your men. Follow up men who have accidents. Try to find relationships to accidents. Start a scrap book of your own. When you have collected first hand evidence from 25 or 30 years' experience you will be in a favorable position to give sound advice on the causes of acci dents you have observed. Supplement experience with scientific facts. Inter pret the former in terms of the latter or vice versa. Don't expect one simple measurement to give you the picture of a driver's po tentialities. The intelligence testers a few years ago thought they had found the solution to most social and economic problems -- the intelligence test. High intelligence--much success. Low intelli gence--little success. Vocational guid ance quacks flourished. It was too good to be true. Intelligence tests have a place in psychological measurements but are not to be considered the only indica tor of success. At the extremes they are quite accurate but when used alone there is plenty of chance of error in the middle range. Don't bank too heavily on any one measurement; reaction time, visual acu ity, color vision, blood pressure, speed of movement, manipulative skill, or any other one test. It takes all the measure ments possible and a great deal of ex perience with drivers to be reasonably certain of a man's qualifications as a driver. fact. Most superior drivers will not have accidents. Some ten to twenty per cent of them will, for one reason or another have trouble. It will tend to wreck the morale if a shining example of safety does have an accident. Don't preach safety and practice recklessness. The safety director himself must set an example. Don't expect results without continu ous systematic and scientific effort to get at the causes. Safety among employees, like advertising among consumers, re quires constant effort. It is partly an educational program. The old method of making big claims for products, claims which can never be fulfilled, is being superseded by a modest scientific statement of facts. One mode of attack will not suffice. It takes constant and varied approaches to get the idea across. In a similar manner the method of teaching safety by precept, posters and general slogans must be supplemented by scientific measurements and profes sional advice. Mose Brown may be in terested in "Stop, Look and Listen"; he may take a second look at a "skull and crossbones"; but he will sit up and take notice when you show him he takes twice as long to react to a sudden stimulus as his driving partner. Prove to him that he is "cockeyed", and he will hound you for hours to find out what caused it, how he can correct it, or how it may cause him trouble when driving. What can we do about it? A few of the remedial measures which might be suggested to overcome known difficulties are: (1) correction for defects whenever possible, (2) specific schools for drivers, teaching them the causes of accidents they have had or might have, and meth ods by which these accidents may be prevented, 13) test fields and driving courses for practice in actual per formance, ( 4) interviews with both good and bad drivers, enlisting their coopera tion in encouraging highway courtesy Don't consider any driver so nearly and good driving practices. perfect that he will not have an accident. Have the drivers think through the While 99 accidents out of 100 are possible accident situations in advance. traceable to some specific cause, the This can be done in group discussions of other one appears purely fortuitous. Barney Oldfield was sideswiped by a truck a short time ago. Human nature is accidents which have taken place within your company. Be alert constantly and infuse novelty and pep into your safety not infallible. "Cockiness" is a common program. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 59 as WEST DISINFECTING COMPANY 42-16 Barn Street, Long Island City Now York City rffH*fi?FS;2s Si ssEc?'. Tina BIS sn LARGEST ORGANIZATION OF ITS KIND IN THE WORLD Branch** in 55 Principal Citi.i PROTECT YOUR WORKERS from the Menace of Oil Dermatitis with WESCOL WESCOL is a very powerful germicide, guaranteed to be 18.20 times as strong as carbolic acid. Because of its very high coefficient, WESCOL is an effective and economical disinfectant to use where a powerful germicide is required, and one that will not change the nature of the material in which it is used. WESCOL used in cutting oils and compounds keeps the mate rial sterile and safeguards the workers against the menace of Oil Dermatitis. OIL DERMATITIS is caused by pus germs carried into the pores, hair follicles and abrasions of the workers' skins by cutting oils and cutting compounds. Even germ-free cutting oil becomes infected during use. Factories have had epidemics of Oil Dermatitis in which almost the entire force has become infected. The disease is a serious one, which may lead to blood poisoning and amputation. It is covered by compensation laws in many states. One pint of WESCOL to 50 gallons of cutting oil or cutting compound will keep the material sterile without injuring its cooling properties. Send for our Special Booklet on WESCOL THE PIONEER LINE Safety First Shoes are literally the first shoes for safety. Over 35 years of experience are reflected in their quality and pro tective features. THE PROFITABLE LINE Profitable--for the plant owners (fewer accidents, less lost time, replacements, etc.). Profitable for the wearer . . . PROTECTION plus long wear. One of 32 Styles THE SERVICE LINE Orders are shipped promptly ("same day received" is the rule). Posters and other advertising assistance are furnished tree- Investigate the Safety First plan! Write for our new booklet "From Our Mail Bag"-- actual stories of averted accidents. Let us send you our catalogue with a "Specific Use Sheet," describing shoes for every purpose. SALESMEN and AGENTS now being ap pointed for open territories. SAFETY FIRST SHOE CO., HoUiston, Massachusetts APRIL, 1936 60 HELMETS CHIPPING and WELDING GOGGLES CORRECT SAFETY EQUIPMENT When you need industrial head and eye protec tive equipment it is to your best interests to have a resourceful and responsive source for your re quirements. The Cesco organization can supply your needs promptly and furnish rated and efficient equipment of the finest quality and use fulness. For information and catalogs showing Goggles for welding and impact hazard work, Respirators, Dust Masks, Welding Helmets and Sandblast Masks, write Chicago Eye Shield Co. 2323 Warren Blvd. Chicago, 111. IPCO SAFETY HAIR NET For all industrial operations where girls are employed around machinery and power driven equipment. Holds hair in place, out of the eyes and lessens the chance of acci dents. Manufactured of heavy ravon silk with an elastic strand which entirely encircles the head. Will not shift or slip; stavs firmly in place. Attractive in appearance and will give months of satisfactory service. No. 43ft Furnished in the following colors: Blue, red, black and light, medium and dark brown. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS COMPANY Accident Prevention Equipment 800 W, Somerset Street Philadelphia______ Pennsylvania Garage Fires (Continued from page 22) An investigation of the possible sourc of ignition of the vapors tended to elim* inate all theories but one. A test of the 110-voit, split-phase induction motor driving the grease gun showed that it sparked slightly when the starting brushes lifted. It is believed that these sparks ignited the explosive mixture. To prevent a recurrence, the follow ing steps were taken: ' 1. Enforcement of a company rule prohibit ing the use of gasoline in the garage for any purpose other than fuel. 2. Replacement of the electrically-operated grease gun with one operated by compressed ait. 3. Installation of a more adequate ventilat ing system in the pit. 4. installation of vapor-proof light in the pit. 5. Installation of rotary pump on gasoline tank trucks to eliminate the necessity of han dling gasoline m a bucket or other container. 2. In another case what might have been a disastrous fire was held in check by sprinklers and a foam extinguisher. An employee in the garage was cleaning a concrete repair pit with gasoline from a bucket, when the gasoline in the bucket was ignited in some unknown manner and fire spread quickly about the pit and up the wall to the ceiling. Five sprinkler heads opened and held the fire in check. The employee's clothing ig nited and he received second degree burns. Other employees extinguished the fire with foam-type extinguishers. 3. In another case the breakage of an electric lamp started a fire which re sulted in the death of three men and a property loss of $10,996. Two employees were in a repair pit repairing an auto mobile and there were two other em ployees in the frame garage. One of the men in the pit dropped a portable ex tension lamp, which had a wire guard but no vapor-proof globe, and broke it. Instantly the interior of the garage was in flames. Three of the employees were fatally burned before they were carried from the building by firemen. A fourth employee who escaped from the build ing was severely burned. The fire de partment extinguished the fire with three hose streams but the building and its contents, including five automobiles, were badly damaged. 4. A cigaret thrown into the pit was blamed for this fire which was also ex tinguished by sprinklers with only slight damage. Fire had started in the con crete pit below the floor level which was used for draining off crankcases and also for greasing. Fire started in a pool NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS of oil in the corner of the pit, and as the floor of the pit was oily, flames spread quickly. Two sprinklers directly over the pit opened and extinguished the fire. 5. An employee was using an acety lene welding torch over an automobile repair pit. Boards covered the pit at the time the fire occurred. Flames ap peared through tracks in the boards and an employee used two foam extin guishers before removing the boards. When the covering was removed flames shot to the ceiling and opened a sprinkler head which extinguished the fire. 6. Using gasoline in a spray gun to clean the motor base of a bus led to this fire. The gasoline vapors ignited when a short circuit in the battery caused a spark. Fortunately, the employees suf fered only slight burns and did not lose time from work. The property damage was less than 2,000. Investigation com mittee recommended strict enforcement of the rule requiring' employees to dis connect battery cables when working on motors and discontinuing the use of gaso line as a cleaning medium in locations other than the room designated for that purpose. The Sight Meter Tells the Story (Continued from page 25) these lines and how they keep boxes steel or other materials dear of these areas. Refuse cans, also conspicuously painted and conspicuously placed, keep lunch remains and oily rags off the floors. One of the pioneers in recognizing the value of adequate illumination and the relationship of paint to light is the Ford Motor Company. The plants are painted white and the equipment in pastel shades, with bright contrasting colors to make moving parts stand out. The plants are as light as possible, equipment as visible as possible, and electrical equipment and moving parts are doubly visible. Aisle markings are always a conspicuous part of Ford plants and order is safety's first law. As an example of what paint can do to reduce the number of accidents in a plant, none serves better than the ex perience of a shoe factory in Massachu setts. Machines were painted in light :olors to provide better visibility and higher contrast with the work itself t the jeep tans and black of men's shoes). Walls were lightened with ivory and vhite paint to increase the level of visitilitv. Within a six-months' period the iccident rate had been more than cut in talf, and the insurance premium rat" vas reduced. XPRIL. 1936 NArT-IOH-`.W',faID/A>I kjlltvic*/ EAST NEW YORK W. S. Wilson Corn. 123 Varick St. PITTSBURGH Safety First Supply Co. Brady Building PHILADELPHIA J. A. Hunt Co. 2036 Sansome St. BRAINTREE, MASS. Direct Sales Co. 108 President Road SOUTH CHATTANOOGA, C. D. Genter Company Chattanooga Bank Bldg. MID-WEST DETROIT C. H, Dockson Company 2885 E. Grand Blvd. CHICAGO E. D. Bullard Company 215 South Leavitt ht. GREEN BAT, WIS. Safety Service Company 108 No. Quincy St. DULUTH W. P. & R. S. Mire Co. 324 W. Michigan St. HOUSTON E. D. Bullard Company t Main Street WEST SAN FRANCISCO E. D. Bullard Company 275 Eighth Street LOS ANGELES E. D. Bullard Company 1229 South Olive St. SALT LAKE CITY E. D. Bullard Company 1620 Yalecrest Avenue [BULLARD | An unsolicited letter about a hat JUST LIKE THIS! E. D. Rutin rd Company 275 F.'ghth Street San Francisco, California Attent'on: Mr. Kenneth Butter Dear Ken: This letter should be regarded ns an unsolicited testi mony! of our satfsfacCon with Hard Boiled Hats. We recently had the experience of having one of our laborers, who was wearing a Hard Boiled Hat < which has vnee been reared ns a souvenir piece* struck on the head by n 2" x 4" block, about 2' long that fell from the top of pylon S-2, at the San Francisco anchorage of the Colden (late Bridge. This block fell a distance of 200' and struck the man 4ust over the forehead. The Hard Boiled Hat absorbed the shock preventing a fractured skull and producing only a sPght laceration of the scalp. The man returned to work after simple first aid treat ment. We believe this example is typical, but nevertheless ntensely practical in showing the value of this type of protection on construct.on jobs. Yours very truly, Name of this large contractor will be given on request. Hard Boiled Hats, in the model best suited tor YOUR jobs matt be examined at anu office listed here. Complete catalog null hr xt nt on reauest. BULLARD ii FERALUNj4hti"S1ip Treads V \/Also Bronzalun, IAlumalun and Sicalan PREVENT ACCIDENTS ON STAIRS and FLOORS A hard metal matrix into which is cast an abrasive next in hardness to the diamond, assuring dura bility and anti-slip efficiency. Specify Feralun and Be Sure AMERICAN ABRASIVE METALS CO. Irvington, New Jersey 62 Halsey Taylor Cooler Fountains No other has ALL these Features Practical automatic stream control, distinctive twostream projector--water never too high, never too low and always SAFE to drink from! Heavy Cork-Insulated Walls, Bottom and Cover, giving maximum cooling capacity and minimum ice consumption. Drinking water does not come in contact with ice or melted water! The very best in cooler construction--and all these features at no extra cost. That is why year after year Industry chooses Halsey Taylor Coolers. Write for our latest folder describing ice coolers, pedestal and wall foun tains and electric coolers for office or factory. THE HALSEY W. TAYLOR CO., Warren, Ohio Largest Manufacturers of Drinking Fountains Harris Calorific Co., Cleveland, Ohio, protects the health of workmen with Halseu Taplor Pedestal Fountains throughout their plant. ,* * "MU!" Reduce Accident Hazar Speed-Up Production Lower Floor Maintenance Costs with a LINCOLN TWIN-DISC FLOOR MACHINE RegardleM of the size of iur plant or type of floorthere is a Lincoln Twin- Disc Machine that will solve your floor maintenance problems. They are eco nomical to operate. They thoroughly remove all grease, dirt and other sub stances that slow up truck ing and cause floor accidents. The Lincoln Industrial Special is used by many of the country's largest Industrial plants to remove the Imbedded grease, dirt, steel chips, and shavings from factory floors. Twenty times faster and more efficient than hand work. Ideal for cleaning wood-block floors. Large or small areas are cleaned faster and more efficiently than can be done by any other method. Arrange today for a demonstration m your plant--without obligation. Write for de tails. . Available in 12 different models and sizes. Th# Lincoln Typo No. 20 is a compact combi nation scrubbing cleaning and polishing machins--recommended tor uso in average con gested areas. Has a capacity of from 2300 to 3004 so. ft. par hr. Brushes revolve in oppo site directions eliminating "whip" or side pull. LINCOLN-SCHIUETER FLOOR MACHINERY CO., Inc. 237 W. Grand Ave. Chicago, Hi. Me LINCOLN Twin Disc T SCRUBS -- WAXES -- POLISHES* New York Conference ' (. ontmued from page 26) Dr. John H. Finley, associate of the New York Times and former c,,r missioner of Education ol New v , State, addressed the Conference diSj The President's Medal of the National' bafety Council was awarded at the di ner to 14 men who had saved life t the Schaefer prone-pressure method of resuscitation. Recipients of the "award were Louis J. Beissel, Brooklyn Union Gas Company; Arthur J. Ayres, and Gustave Hambach, of the New York Edison Company;. Norman Bergesen Arthur Colonell, Joseph Pfrangle, Joseph Ballarin, Robert Downing, Robert H Sisson and Frederick J. Spies, of the New York and Queens Electric Light & Power Company, and Matthew M. Di Pong, Preserved A. Leonard, Russell J. Sell, and Arthur H. Strunk, of the New York Telephone Company. Following the presentation of awards the trophy winners in the Eleventh An nual State - Wide Accident Prevention Campaign of the Associated Industries of New York State, Inc., for the metro politan area were announced. On Thursday, the final day of the Conference, Commissioner Charles A. Harnett, of the New York State Motor Vehicle Department, proposed a strong program to promote motor vehicle acci dent prevention. Dean A. Faies, asso ciate professor of automobile engineer ing at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, criticized the style of the modern motor car, declaring that engi neers could build a safer automobile than the stylists have thus far permitted them to do. In the session on training the driver in high schools it was brought out that the educational directors of nine states are interested in a plan to teach high school students to drive a motor car. In New Jersey a high school course in this subject has been made compulsory. The newest improvements in street and highway design were outlined in the session on "The Highway--The Pedes trian" by Wilbur L. Cross, Jr., chief en gineer of the Department of Motor Ve hicles of Connecticut. Professor William Junkin Cox, of the Department of Engineering Mechanics of Yale University, proposed a system of control for the pedestrian. More than 80 papers were delivered. Of these, many outstanding ones were given in the sessions on occupational diseases, the work of commercial ve hicles, and "After the Whistle Blows." NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 63 More Firms Take Part in New Jersey Contest A SAFETY awards dinner meeting at tended by 800 persons was held recently to celebrate the successful con clusion of the Eighth Annual Statewide Inter - Plant Safety Contest conducted under the auspices of the New Jersey State Department of Labor. The con test ran from October 1, 1935, to De cember 31, 1935, The final report of the contest, com pared with the 1934 Contest report, in dicates that important progress has been made. Despite the increased hazards, due to an increased number of employees and a greater number of man-hours worked, the 1935 accident frequency rate was only a fraction higher than that of 1934, and this was more than offset by a slight drop in the severity rate. An additional factor on which the conclusions of the report are based is the fact that a greater number of firms took, part in the 1935 Contest and reported results than in the 1934 competition. This condition is credited with giving a broader and more accurate picture of the situation. In 1935, 342,047 employees, hired by 2,138 firms, took part; in 1934 the em ployees numbered 268,567 and the re porting firms 1,545. During the 1935 Contest 166,149.815 man-hours were worked: the corresponding figure for the 1934 Contest was 120,795,097. There were ten fatalities during 193S as compared with nine for 1934. Nonfatal accidents numbered 1,942 in 1935 and 1,403 in 1934. The frequency rate for the three months' period of the 1935 Contest was 11.74; the comparative figure for 1934 was 11.69. The 1935 severity rate was 1.72 and that of 1934 was 1.82. The attendance at the safety awards dinner was indicative of the interest created by the contest. James W. Bumison, vice-president in charge of manufacturing, RCA Com pany, Camden, N, J,, acted as toast master. He had also served as chair man of the General Managing Commit tee in charge of the contest. Addresses were given by Arnold Vey, traffic engineer and representative of Governor Harold G. Hoffman: W. S. Landes, president of the Celluloid Cor poration; John J. Toohey, Jr., state com missioner of labor, and Edward J. Mulcahy, humorist. The contest report was read by John Roach, deputy commissioner of labor, and director of the safety contest. The hum of fly wheels, meshing of gears, whir of speeding drive belts, stamp of punch presses, are all pleasant industrial sounds, meaning production is under way--and so easily halted by needless, costly accidental injuries. Danger lurks in all machine operations. But, durable, economical and dependable safeguards can be provided by using H & K Guard Accessories. Assembled in your own plant-- to your own particular needs--no special tools required. Write for prices and details. All H & K Guard Accessories are under inspection service of Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. THE HARRINGTON & KING PERFORATING CO. 3635 Fillmore Street--CHICAGO 114 Liberty Street--NEW YORK CITY SANKEY FOOT GUARDS! Reduce Foot Injuries Smashed, mangled and bruised toes slow down production and cost real money in compensation and medical costs. Protect your workers' feet against accidental in juries. Supply them with Sankev Foot Guards. They are light in weight, com fortable, strong and permit free and easy movement. A trial will convince, send for sample and details. ELLWOOD SAFETY APPLIANCE CO. ELLWOOD CITY, PENNSYLVANIA APRIL, 1936 64 No Motors Menace Play (Continued from page i9) SAFETOE SHOES are "ROCKWELL" TESTED tiYERY Safety Engineer knows and respects the severe and exacting routine represented by the Rock well Impact and Compression Tests--knows that no steel toerap can pass such tests, made by impartial laboratories, without being "ace high" in safety. "Safetoe" Men's BUvk Elk Blucher On* ford, Leather Lined Vamp and Quarter. Sfee! Bos Toe. Steel Shank. Heavv Single Oak Leath er Sole, Whole Rubber Heel. Welt, Safetoe Last- C, 6-12; I), E, 5-12. So we say -- recommend SAFETOE, because Brownbt/f SAFETOE Shoe, have successfully passed these tests and, therefore, you can be sure that they provide the utmost in safety for your employees. Write or wire for information about our special Industrial Plant Selling Plan... ft will place you under no obligation whatsoever. MANUFACTURERS--ST. LOUIS \lso manufacturers of Air Step, Buster Brown and Brownbtlt Shoes. browv!lLL* safetoe shoes PRESENTING yVew J*'strife 1 Safety Cans/ JA IE r fWaste Can J CSTUITE'S Automatic >ilr Waste Cans give you safety, econ omy. efficiency. Opens with foot, elutes automati cally. Le&tei bntii hands free "* great feature! Reduces Insur ance rate. Ca pacity 8. 8. 10, H KiUons. JUSTRITE presents a Hew Im provement in the 2, 3 and 5 gallon Safety Cans. The carrying handle has been redesigned. This permits "Easier Carrying" and ``More Accurate Pouring." Large Spout--easily filled direct from filling station hose--no funnels required. .See how easy it pours--the most efficient can for the workman. Automatic spring controlled spout cap. Natural Hand Drip-- opens in one operation -- closes automatically. A safe container for carrying explosive and vola tile liquids--no leakage or evapo ration. Labeled by the Under writers* Laboratories, Inc., and Approved by the Associated Fac tories Mutual Fire Insurance Companies. LESSENS INSURANCE RATES Pn teot your plant -- your employee*-- kwr vour inaursnee rat* premiums--by installing the latest improved and ap proved .irSTRITE Safety Devices TO DAY. See ynur dealera or write us for Interesting prices and literature, jIZCS I fist t 9 Qaliens Opant with Foot Closet automatically Justrite Mfg. Co. -MW7 Southport Ayeane CHICAGO. ILLINOIS wwv t-M"j caiduusflQfi, prizes to k awarded at the end of the vacation period. ` 001 Flay yards are divided into these classifications: Home yards on which not more than $3 is spent, home yards on which not more than $15 is spent community or co-operative play yar(js' in backyards or vacant lots, which are made by the joint efforts of two or more families. Xo limit on amount spent, in this latter class. A four-page pamphlet telling of the entire plan was published. Copies were distributed bv all the Flint school teach ers to their pupils on the day schools closed for the summer vacation. A safety play yard contest entry blank was print ed on the last page of the pamphlet. A publicity program was drawn up. Window cards were designed for use in store windows throughout the city and for streetcars. Painted posters on bill boards were put up rent free and at half the painting cost by a local sign com pany. A printing company, sympathetic to the movement and impressed with its great civic appeal, made up the pam phlets and posters at cost. Follow-up work was conducted in a vigorous manner. Six women contacted all the homes in the city. Wherever children were found to be playing in the street parents of these children were im mediately asked to join the contest. Those families who were unable to pur chase necessary equipment and who could find no obsolete, cast-off material were furnished free iron pipe, rope, bur lap and other material that local fac tories and stores gave to the dub. The Automobile Club made arrange ments for this purpose, particularly with the various manufacturing establish ments in Flint, whereby the factories donated usable salvage material to the dub and which the dub had stored in a central warehouse. While no publicity was given to this free material for play yards, it was sent to persons who other wise would have been unable to get a yard started. Names and addresses of such persons were noted, their enroll ment in the contest was established and the equipment forwarded to them in a city truck without cost. The city trucks, in some instances, also were employed without cost in clearing away rubbish for installing play yards. A member of one of the cooperating NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 65 agencies, the Boy Scouts, donated their camp facilities for 90 boys, who are known as Safety Crusaders. These boys were picked the last week of school by the principal. They were required to furnish their own food and clothing and receive one week's training on organiz ing play, handicraft, games, storytelling, health, etc., and then were returned to Flint, sworn in by the Mayor, City Man ager. as Safety Crusaders, given a card designating their authority and then sent out into various districts to work with the six contact women in charge of the district. These boys watch out for and report all hazards, lead children to safe places to play, obtain the permission from the owners for the use of vacant lots as play yards, work on the play-yard contest, lay out play yards, organize games, etc. While the work of the Crusaders con tributed in the reduction of accidents, it was decided that in order to make the boys more useful and to get better re sults it would be wise to organize a Cru sader junior police force with definite assignments for every boy. Accordingly, these were elected. The selected boys act as leaders in the backyard and play-yard work, as well as report all unsafe places and condi tions existing within their territory. They are considered such a vital force in pre venting accidents to school children that they may call the Police Department when any trouble arises with which they are unable to cope and the message will be broadcast to the radio cars and a cruiser will arrive on the scene. The Girl Scouts contributed toward this program hy training a group of some 65 girls to act as play leaders and or ganizers of cooperative lots and back yard playgrounds in their neighborhood. They are the natural leaders in their respective communities and have re ceived instructions in the art of telling stories, simple handicraft and light dra matics. besides games for smaller child ren and athletics for girls of their own age. The Junior Chamber of Commerce, the Civitan Club and other luncheon clubs were brought into the program in order to further enlarge the movement. The entire program was presented to these organizations at their weekly meet ing. These organizations were given definite assignments -..to contact with manufacturing plants in obtaining salv age. to sponsor neighborhood coopera tive play-yards and to become active in obtaining enrollments in the contest. The entire cost of the play-yard pro gram amounted to $402.93. This con sisted of the 30,000 folders for school children, $247.38; the 500 posters for shop windows, $57.68; the 100 posters for street cars, $15.45; the fifteen paint ed billboards at $5 each, $75, and $7.42 to a lumber company for erecting a miniature billboard. An important contributing factor in the success of the play-yard movement in Flint was the editorial support ac corded the activity by the Flint Journal. Richard Roberts, city editor, gave spe cial attention in the news column to the child safety work. Messages of inquiry, congratulations and indorsement have marked the play- vard campaign. These came from differ ent parts of the United States, Canada and Europe. Governor Harold G. Hoff man of New Jersey, one of the nation's leading safety advocates, has declared that the Flint activity was an outstand ing program. "I believe the play-yard movement has been the means of saving child lives and curtailing accidents," Mr. Isherwood said. 'T think it is educating a future generation in habits of safety. And 1 feel it has exerted a psychological in fluence upon parents and adults in gen eral, beneficial to our present safety problems." Improvements During the past decade there has been a vast improvement in the style, construction, comfort and appearance of Safety Shoes. Lehigh Safety Shoe Company has continually forged ahead, creating new patterns for proper foot protection and to make the wearing of safety shoes a pleasure. Illustrated above is a recent improvement in a semi-dress, medium weight safety shoe with steel box toe. It is ideal for superintend ents, formen and others, particularly where wet or damp conditions are encountered. Also a splendid shoe for policemen and motormen. Specifications: X9I0--Mens' Black Calf Blucher, Improved Steel Box Toe, Goodyear welt. Two full top-grade Oak Soles special Linol finish. Drilled lined,, full Grain Inner Sole, Leather Counters, Stock Gusset, Leather Storm welt, Steinbrecher, Steel Shank Arch Support. 3 Brass Rivets shank to sole, 4 Brass Nails reinforced shank and toe, Keystone Rubber Heel, Leather Base. Sizes 6-12, Widths, A-EEE. LEHIGH SAFETY SHOE CO., INC. 31 S. SEVENTH ST- ALLENTOWN, PA, APRIL. 1936 66 DIFFERENT IN COLOR--GREATER IN BENEFIT AND RESULTS --Yet tsienti&lfy the um product used for many year* throughout the field of industry, engineering and maintenance. Tested, proved and found to markedly Increase power; reduce wear; cut friction; speed pro duction; provide unusual protection against flro haz ard* and common damage dangers te frictional areas ef equipment. Pyrott is not just a "graphite oil" although it con tains colloidal graphite, it is not iust a "break-in'* il: it doee not accelerate wear, its new color is dark win* red. FREE, INTERESTING AND IMPORTANT CHARTS, PHOTOMICROGRAPHS. REPORTS. WRITE FOR THESE. NO OBLIGATION. Manufactured and Guaranteed by Pyroll Company. W. V. Kidder, Founder, 959 LaFoliette Ave.. LaCrosse, Wis.. U.S.A. Every Container Bears this Signature Founder LARGE CONCERN ORDERS *Same on request--also names of scores of other concerns stand ardizing on this device. because this CAR DOOR OPENER and CLOSER is the SAFEST end QUICKEST method With this device, one man can do the work of a gang thereby com pletely eliminating the injury haz ard. A one man pull exerts a force of over 2000 Ibs.l Order one on 10 DAY TRIAL--Money Back Guar ....... $14-50 COMPANY i e, C.fc i a Asked and Answered (Continued from page 32) mixture of V) per cent oleac acid (red oil) and 50 per cent kerosene. When the latter is used, the article is first immersed in the mix ture. then washed thoroughly in a boiling water bath containing some soda ash. Although carbon tetrachloride is non-flam mable and incombustible, we hesitate to recom mend its use in operations such as yours be cause of possible toxic effects. Oleac acid has a relatively high Hash point, but there may be some objection to it because of its odor and possible toxic effects. However, a special safety solvent, known as Stoddard solvent, has been developed under the sponsorship of the U. S. Bureau of Standards. This is a petroleum distillate, and while it will burn at temperatures above 100 degrees F., it is considered safe when used with discretion. It can be obtained from most of the gasoline refineries and is much less expensive than mix tures which are now being used. While it is perhaps faintly toxic, as are all products of this kind, it is said to be the safest from this standpoint of all the dry solvents which might be used. Its only disadvantage is that it does not evaporate as quickly as the benzol-trichlorethvlene mixtures. TANK CLEANING Question: Can you give us information relative to the use of dry ice or solid carbon dioxide as an agent for reducing the hazard of working in an atmosphere of flammable or toxic gases when cleaning tank cars ? Answer: The inert gas method of lowering the explosibility of gases not thoroughly re moved from tanks has proved satisfactory in many instances. When carbon dioxide is used, care should be taken that a sufficient amount be introduced to produce a concentration of not less than 50 per cent by volume. However, it must be realized that carbon dioxide methods supplement rather than supplant other methods of making tanks safe. More detailed information may be found in two addresses delivered at the Twenty-Fourth Annual Congress at Louisville, These are ''Welding and Cutting in Tanks and Other Small Unventilated Places," by H. F, Reinhard, chemical engineer. Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Corp., New York City, pages 198-203, Volume l, 1935 Transactions; and "How to Detect and Protect against Combustible Gases," by P. S. Williams, chemical engineer, Standard Oil Com pany of Calif., San Francisco, pages 33-43, Volume X, 1935 Transactions. BAKER'S GLOVES Question: We are insuring a large bakery which has been having trouble with employees handling hot bread pans as they come out of the oven. They have found asbestos gloves impractical, for they do not last more than five or six hours. Is there not some sort of studded gloves or mitten manufactured that would not only withstand the heat, but also be serviceable for this type of operation?. Answer: Most large bakeries use asbestos gloves when handling hot bread paas. Some, however, prefer the mitten rather than the glove, and in addition re-enforce the palm and the surface of the thumb with leather. These re-enforced mittens, which naturally are a trifle more expensive than the ordinary asbestos glove or mitten, stand a great deal more abuse and are equally efficient, I Local manufacturers of asbestos clothing tell I Floor Appearance and SAFETY for All Types of Flooring Keep your floora safe as well a, attractive When Legge products are used the an pearance and safety of rigid or resilient floors can be maintained at a low cost. Fall* are responsible for 18 per cent of all occupational injuries. Slippery floors are often the direct cause of serious in juries. Reduce your falling accidents with" our Non-Slip products for all types of floors. Approved by safety engineers and insurance companies. Floor Shine for rI grid floors ami Floor Shine AA for resilient floors are excel* lent for cleaning and tioU*blnK, pro. dace a Non-slip luster. Sure-Tred--a \on-Slip floor finish for all types of floors. May he buffed to a high luster. firlp-Tred--an anti-slip treatment for stair treads, platforms, landings and various surfaces, whether wet or dry. Many other products to choose from. For ECONOMY, SAFETY and FLOOR APPEARANCE we invite your inquiries. WALTER G. LEGGE CO. 11 West 42nd St. New York City THE SAFE WAY "^TEYER SLIP Safety Clamps for ^ use in handling boiler plate either vertical or horizontal consti tute the safe sure way to perform this operation. They have many ad vantages over old-fashioned hooks and chains because they do not have a tendency to slip, as the weight of the piece pulls the clamp tighter. Boiler plates are easily damaged-- don't tolerate clamps that encourage bent, chipped work. The safe way is the only profitable way. Write for complete details Never Slip Safety Clamp Co. P. O. Box 448 Grand Central Annex, New York, N.Y. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 67 us that gloves and mittens are made in various weights for rough usage and extreme heat. Perhaps the make of gloves your assured is now using is too light for the operation. Or it may be that the pans are so constructed that the sharp edges soon destroy the gloves. In some bakeries the edges of the pans are rela tively sharp, while in others the edges and corners are rounded, so as to reduce to a mini mum the pulling action on the surface of the glove palm and fingers. Additional informa tion which might be helpful may be found in the National Safety Council Industrial Safety Series Pamphlet No. F-3, "Safety in Bakery Operations." Program Announced for Midwest Conference rjPHE Fourteenth Annual Midwest Safety Confercnce. sponsored by the Chicago Safety Council, the Illinois Industrial Commission, the "Keep Chicago Safe" Committee and a large group of cooperating agencies, will be held at the Stevens Hotel, Chicago, May 5, 6 and 7. Over 3,000 delegates from Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri and Wis consin are expected to attend. There will be 16 different sessions during the three-day period, which will be addressed by outstanding speakers from all parts of the country, on in dustrial, public and home safety subjects. The high point of the conference will be a banquet on Wednesday evening, May 6, which will be addressed by Paul G. Hoffman, Presi dent of the Studebaker Corporation, South Bend, Indiana, and Chairman of the Safety Traffic Committee of the Automobile Manu facturers Association. The subject of his ad dress will be--'Making Our Highways Safe For The Motorists." At the banquet session plaques will be award ed to the winners in the 14th Semi-Annual Interplant Accident Prevention Contest. The following companies which won in their re spective groups during the period July 1 to December 31, 1935, will be awarded plaques: Commonwealth Edison Company, James B, Clow & Sons, Armour and Company, Visking Corporation, Delta-Star Electric Company, Western Electric Company Inc., Teletype Cor poration, Wallace Press, Van Cleef Brothers, American Brake Shoe & Foundry Company. General Outdoor Advertising Company, Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company, Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company, and Acme Steel Company. Plaques will also be presented to the winners in the Southurban Group and Greater Pullman Group Interplant Accident Prevention Contests which cover the period October 1, 1935, to March 30, 1936. The plaques will be presented by S. M. Havens, Vice-President of the Chicago Safety Council for Industrial Safety. Plans for the Midwest Conference have been developed by a committee composed of repre sentatives of various business, civic and service groups under the chairmanship of J. B. Gibson of the Hawthorne Works, Western Electric Company, and a member of the Board of Di rectors of the Chicago Safety Council. The Honorable Peter J. Angsten, Chairman of the Illinois Industrial Commission, and the Honor able Edward J. Kelly, Mayor of Chicago and Chairman of the Keep Chicago Safe Committee, are honary chairmen of the conference. APRIL, 1936 6 OUNCES OF BETTER HAND PROTECTION TESTS under actual operating conditions * prove: sturdy Davis Latex Gloves outwear ordinary gloves to a marked extent. And these Davis Latex Gloves are lighter and more comfortable. Your men can feel the difference--do more work with less hand fatigue. Davis Latex Gloves are seamless, too, and have no cumbersome reinforcing strips to slow up the speed and accuracy of the hands of the wearer. You will also be pleased with the slight cost. USE COUPON now to send with out obligation for further information on gloves to fit your type of industrial opera tion. DAVIS = CO., INC. Chicago/III. New York City Houston,Tex. San Francisco and Los Angeles, Cat. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. 55 Van Dam Street, New York City Please send my copy of your Bulletin on Davis Lafex Rubber Gloves to Name-- Address- City_____ 3.6% of your employees do Cleaning Work That's the average in industries ac cording to a recent report. Vacuum Cleaning with a Spencer System enables a few operators to do more work in less time and to perform cleaning work that should not be done by. hand. Such as: Cleaning ceilings and walls. Reclaiming valuable materials. Removing dangerous dusts. Cleaning shipping boxes and the finished product. Cleaning machinery. Spencer Vacuum Cleaning Systems have been developed in a wide range of types and sizes with a large variety of vacuum tools that effectively elimi nate the most obstinate industrial dirt and dust conditions. Our engineers will suggest methods and show you how little it would cost. CENTRAL AND PORTABLE VACUUM CLEANING SYSTEMS THE SPENCER TURBINE COMPANY, HARTFORD, CONN, S-5B 68 USE SANITOR PAPE R TOILET SEAT COVERS YEAH after year, infection takes its toil. Loss of efficiency, fatigue, nervous breakdowns, iay*offs and even fatalities are traced directly to this deadly menace. Millions have been spent in office and factory sanitation to thwart this enemy of public health and efficiency. Modem plumb ing, individual towels, individual drinking cups, and more adequate ventilation have wisely been adopted. But, in the crusade to check infection, many Safety Engineers have overlooked the vital importance of Sanitor Toilet Seat Covers. A major factor in spreading infection is the unprotected toilet seat. Doctors, nurses and public health officials are generally agreed that unprotected toilet seats afford alarming and serions possibilities for the transmission of deadly disease germs. Protect yourself and your employees by installing APPROVED Sanitor Paper Toilet Seat Covers TODAY. Write for interesting prices and descriptive literature. SANITOR MFS. CO. 508 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago ANITOR TOILET SEAT COVERS director, Richmond Safety Council C Eoming vents Bldg., Richmond, Va. ' 30 Allison Of Interest to Safety Men April 23-24, Boston Fifteenth Annual Massachusetts Safety Con ference. (Hotel Sutler.) Lewis E. MacBrayne, manager, Massachusetts Safety Council, 80 Fed eral Street, Boston, Mass. April 28, Madison, Wis. Ninth Annual Rock River Valley Safety Con ference. Harvey G. Bergner, c/o Vocational School, Madison, Wis, Apr. 30-May I, Pittsburgh, Pa. Thirteenth Annual Safety Engineering Con ference. (William Penn Hotel.) G. E. Clark son, manager, Western Pennsylvania Safety Council, 2409 First National Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. May 5-7, Chicago Fourteenth Annual Midwest Safety Confer ence. (Stevens Hotel.) George G. Traver, manager, Chicago Safety Council, 222 North Bank Drive, Chicago. May 8, Allentown, Pa. Eastern Pennsylvania Safety Conference. (Americus Hotel.) Secretary. M. E. Rice, c/o Bethlehem Steel Company, Bethlehem, Pa, May 11-14, Atlantic City, N. i. National Fire Protection Association, Annual Meeting. Franklin H. Wentworth, managing director, 60 Batterymarch Street, Boston, Mass. May 11-15, Cincinnati, O. Thirteenth Annual Coal Mining Convention and Exposition. Julian D. Conover, secretary, American Mining Congress, Munsey Bldg., Washington, D. C May 14-15, Charlotte, N. C. Seventh Annual North Carolina Industrial Safety Conference. T. A. Wilson, Commission er, North Carolina Industrial Commission, Raleigh, N. C May 16-23, Tulsa, Olda International Petroleum Exposition. The In ternational Petroleum Exposition Safety Con ference will be held May 21 and a first aid meet May 22. May 20-21, Asbury Park, N. J. Twelfth Annual Eastern Safety Conference. Fred M. Rosseland, ieoi-ri rv-manager, Newark Safety Council, 24 Branford Place, Newark, N. J. May 20-22, London, Eng. National "Safety First" Association. Annual Safety Congress. Lieut.-Col. J. A. A. Pickard. D.S.O., general secretary, 52 Grosvenor Gar dens, London, S.W. 1, England. May 21, Erie, Pa. Eleventh Annual Northwestern Pennsylvania Safety Conference. W. E. Dean, secretary, Erie Safety Council, Commerce Bldg., Erie, Pa. May 21, Manitowoc, Wis. Ninth Annual Fox River Valley and Lake Shore Safety Conference. A. L, Nimtz, secre tary, c/o Manitowoc Vocational School, Mani towoc, Wis. May 21-22, Richmond, Va. Virginia State-Wide Safety Conference. (Jef ferson Hotel.) William M. Myets, managing Hotel.) Thomas P. Kearns,' su^Ant'enT"? Division of Safety and Hygiene, The IndustS,' Commission of Ohio, Columbus, O. ' "* June 4, Nekoosa, Wis. Wisconsin River Valley Safety Conferenc. F. H. Rosebush, c/o Nekoosa Edwards Pan'' Co., Port Edwards, Wis. per Oct. 5-9, Atlantic City, N. J. National Safety Council, 25th Annual Safety Congress. W. H. Cameron, managing director 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago. " October 26-30, Atlantic City, N. J. American Gas Association, Annual Conven tion. Alexander Forward, managing director American Gas Association, 420 Lexington Ave., New York City. " The Primrose Path A forceful warning accompanied a $5.00 fine which a New York magistrate imposed upon a motorist who got in the way of a fire truck. "Keep on frolicking this way and you won't live long," His Honor observed. "I hope I am saving your life by fining you." Safety directors and other practical executives will be interested in the low dust count, ease of maintenance and other evidences of effi ciency which distinguish Parsons Dust Collecting Systems and are reflected in an enviable record of repeat orders. Write for Bulletin DA-5. PARSONS ENGINEERING CORPORATION 6536 Carnegie Ave. Cleveland, Ohio NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 69 Honor Roll Details of no-accident records in excess of 400,000 man hours, or 300 working days, are invited for this department American Can Co. of Massachusetts A record which had reached 416,197 man hours without a disabling-injury accident and was still unbroken on December 31, 1935, has been accomplished by the American Can Com pany of Massachusetts, Boston. The record be gan January 1, 1935. The average number ot employees is 200. Allsafe Brunswick Laundry Co. A record of 4,083,100 man-hours without a j disabling-injury accident has been accomplished ! ky the Brunswick Laundry Company, Jersey City, N, J., a firm employing an average force of 687. The record began October l, 1932, and was still unbroken December 31, 1935. NON SKID Ladd er Sh oes with Carborundum Contact Plates Defy Slipping Louis DeJonge & Co. i Louis DeJonge and Co., paper importers and manufacturers, completed the past year with out a single disabling - injury accident. The record, in which 188 employees participated, represents more than 339.000 man-hours. Duplan Silk Corp. Between December 21, 1934, and September 30, 1935, the Duplan Silk Corporation, Hazelton, Pa-, operated 1,639,909 man-hours without a disabling injury. The average number of employees during this time was 1,190. on Any Floor 1 Sharp carborundum grits cast integral with light weight alumi num alloy feet prevent slipping on any surface 2 Exclusive integral angle stop makes it impossible to incline ladder at unsafe angles Attached with saddles, no holes drilled in ladder rails ... no splitting . . . fits all ladders No spikes to get dull and slip ... safe to carry . . . will not stab other workers 5 Carborundum contact plates easily replaced at low cost Thousands of American Allsafe Lad der Shoes have met every test of time. Write for illustrated Bulletin. AMERICAN ALLSAFE CO. XX* Franklin St. Bnltala, N. Y. Emsco Derrick & Equipment Company The D. & B. Pump and Supply Co., Los Angeles, Calif., a division of the Emsco Der rick & Equipment Co., has a record which reached 642,809 safe man-hours on December 31, 1935, at which time it was still unbroken. The record began May 13, 1931. The work ing force averages 61 employees. General Cable Corp* The Buffalo plant of the General Cable Corporation has more than 400,000 injury-free man-hours to its credit. The record, begun September 20, 1935, was still unbroken March 10, 1936. During this period more than 200 untrained persons were hired for temporary work lasting from two to 12 weeks. Grasselli Chemical Co. Two plants of the Grasselli Chemical Com pany, Inc., lay claim to unusual safety records. The acid and chemical works located at East Chicago, Indiana, operated 374 days -- from January 7, 1935, to January 16, 1936--an ex posure of 1,486,140 man-hours without a chargeable injury. The number of employees averages 775. The record is unbroken. The acid plant at Wurtland, Ky., has been running more than three years without a lost time acci dent. The record, started October 5, 1932, was still unbroken on December 23, 1935. At that time it had run three years, two months and nineteen days. The average number of em- APRIL, 1936 LOOK OUT FOR PAINT-SHOP FIRES They spread like the wind-- ALL paint processes are _ highly hazardous... diffi cult blazes for most extinguish ers. Water or soda-and-acid units spread flames. Chemical extinguishers, including foam, act too slowly, damage paints and materials in process. How ever, the LUX Extinguisher ade quately protects these hazards. LUX carbon-dioxide s now-andgas blankets the blaze. It is thefastest known extinguishing agent... yet harmless to both ' m and materials. Twelve great auto plants now protect dip-tanks with auto matic LUX Systems. They ex tinguish fires with such speed that materials are not firedamaged -.. and the produc tion line is moving again-- Any paint process needs special protec tion ... LUX protec tion. Prices on port able extinguishers start at $14, on Sys tems at $60. For com plete information write today to Walter Kidde & Company 41 Vm ItrMt, Blootntl.Id, N. J. ForAll Electricaland Flammable Liquid Fires 70 BARNS New Reinforced ElectricianGloves YELLOW With BLACK center or ALL BLACK Both Steam Cured Either Straight or curved Fingers in ail sizes and for all standard volt ages. The records of large utilities show that from 47% to 75% of the gloves that are rejected on Retest are on account of mechanical injur ies, namely: TEARS, SCRATCHES, ABRASIONS""ancTSNAGS on the glove cuff. The Reinforcement of the Cuff: is one third heavier than the hands and fingers -- increases the factor of safety--longer serv ice and greater economy -- in creases the efficier -y and morale of the linemen. Why the V cLLOW with BLACK CENTER Glove? The laminated construction gives added dialectric and ten sile strength. Positive inspection in field and laboratory. Serious ness of all defects, snags, scratches, abrasions and imper fections are easily seen as black will shoiv through the yellow. Try a few dozen and be con vinced of the economy and added safety factor, efficiency and high morale of your linemen. Price only 75 cents more per pair than regu lar gloves for all voltages. Originated and patented by FRANK E. BARNS 130 North Wells Street Chicago, Illinois ployees is sixteen and the exposure period at the last date of record had reached 111,30^ man-hours. C. Hager & Sons Hinge Mfg. Co. The C Hager Sc Sons Manufacturing Co,, St. Louis, Mo., attained a safety record of 2,931, 341 man-hours un December 31, 1935. The record began December l, 1930, and is still unbroken. An average of 290 employees took part in building the record. ! Halowax Corp. A safety record of more than six years' dura tion has been made by the Halowax Corpora tion, manufacturer of wax products, Wyandotte, Michigan, which has worked 73 consecutive months without a disabling-injurv accident, the equivalent of 252,223 man-hours. The last disabling - injury accident was December 31, 1929. The record was unbroken at the date of reporting, February 28, 1936. International Business Machines Corp. For the second time in two years the Inter national Business Machines Corporation, Endicott, N\ V,, bettered the two-million-hour mark in safe production. The latest record was 2,156, 114 man-hours without a lost-time accident. The other no - accident period, which ended February 25, 1935, went 2,320,800 man-hours without a disabling-injury mishap. Lehigh Structural Steel Co. The Lehigh Structural Steel Co., Allentown, Pa., employing an average of 120 men, has a record which, on December 31, 1935, had reached 1.179,519 man-hours without a dis abling-injury accident and was still unbroken. The record began April 16, 1931. from August 4, 1927, to May 13, 1955, Haynes Stellite Company, Kokomo, Ind., 205 employees; 506,168 man-hours from October 23, 1934, to December 31, 1935. Kernel Laboratories Company, Cleveland Ohio, 41 employees; 215,174 man-hours from February 17, 1932, to December 31, 1935. Unde Air Products Company, Chicago, 111, 417 employees; 1,029,249 man:hours from August 26, 1934, to December 31, 1935. Michigan Northern Power Company, Sauit Ste. Marie, Mich., 50 employees; 1,048,244 man-hours from December 21, 1926, to De cember 31, 1935. National Carbon Company, Clarksburg, W. Va.. 68 employees; 1,648,072 man-hours from October 15. 1927. to April 16, 1935, National Carbon Company, Cleveland, Ohio, 198 employees; 376,282 man-hours from June 5, 1934, to June 12, 1935. National Carbon Company, Edgewater, Cleve land Ohio, 1,556 employees; 1,606,328 man hours from March 19, 1935, to October 17, 1935. National Carbon Company Research Labora tories, Edgewater, Cleveland, Ohio, 52 em ployees; 1,280,701 man-hours from May 24, 1927, to December 31, 1935. National Carbon Company, Fostoria, Ohio, 625 employees; 2,234,805 man-hours from February 27, 1934, to December 31, 1935. National Carbon Company, Fremont, Ohio, 320 employees; 2,190,999 man-hours from November 1, 1930, to February 5, 1935. National Carbon Company Warehouse, Jer sey City, N. J., 35 employees; 693,769 man hours from December 5, 1928, to December 31, 1935. National Carbon Company, Niagara Falls, Pittsburgh District Locks At the end of November, 1935, Lock No. 4, Ohio River, (Pittsburgh district) had gone 4,162 days, or more than 400,000 man-hours without a lost time accident. Lock No. 6, Ohio River, lias worked 240,000 man-hours, and Lock No. 4, Monongahela River. 212,000 hours without a lost time accident. The total number of man-hours worked by all locks in this dis trict since the last disabling accident is 3,881, 600. Union Ca bide and Carbon Corp. Plants and laboratories of the Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation which have worked twelve consecutive months or 1,500,000 man hours without a disabling-iniury accident are as follows: American Carbolite Company, Duluth, Minn., 49 employees; 712,-15 man-hours from Sep tember 23, 1928, to December 31, 1935. Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp., Dia mond, W. Va., 53 employees; 226,847 man hours from November 16, 1933, to December 31, 1935. Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp., Hast ings, W. Va., 55 employees; 208,062 man hours from March 22, 1934, to December 31, 1935, Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp., Ni agara Falls, N. Y., 134 employees; 391,688 man-hours from April 5, 1934, to May 23, 1935. Dominion Mines & Quarries, Little Current, Ont., Canada, 52 employees; 90,900 man-hours from July 19. 1934, to December 31, 1935. Electro Metallurgical Company, Holcomb, Rock, Va., 30 employees; 673,197 man-hours HEAT CRAMPS We are able to give you com* plete informa tion on the effective treat ment and pre vention of Heat Cramps, through the use of C.P. Sodium Chlor ide. The expense is small and results are convincingly satisfactory. McKesson-Hall-Van Gorder Division MoKewon 4 Robbins, incorporated 1382 West 9th Street Cleveland, Ohio Please send additional information on prevention of Heat Cramps. Name--------------- --------------------------------------------- Street-------------------------------------,,----------- ----City------------------------------------....--.---------------State---------------------------- --------------------------------- NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 71 N. V., 366 employees; 1,045,828 man-hours from October 18, 1933, to February 12, 1935. National Carbon Company, Port Richmond. Philadelphia, Pa., 15 employees; 1 "8.893 man hours from June 1 5, 1929, to December 1", 19 35.- ' National Carbon Company Warehouse. San Francisco, Calif., 19 employees; 124,209 man hours from August 26, 1932, to December 31, 1935, Canadian National Carbon Co., Ltd., Tor onto, Ont., Canada, 240 employees; 522,654 man-hours from March 9, 1934, to July 29, 1935. N. C. S. A., Mexico, 23 employees; 197,141 man-hours from September 3, 1931, to De cember 31, 1935, Oxweld Acetylene Company, Newark, N. J., 448 employees; 2.105,719 man-hours from September 24, 1933, to December 31, 1935. Oxweld Acetylene Company, Los Angeles, Calif. (Purox) 35 employees; 220,731 man hours from November 19, 1931, to December 31, 1935. Oxweld Acetylene Company Warehouse, Chicago, 111., 38 employees, 582,965 man-hours from October 17, 1929, to December 31. 1935. Oxweld Railroad Service Co., Chicago, III, 41 employees; 611,312 man-hours from No vember 8, 1928, to December 31, 1935. Union Carbide Company, Niagara Falls, N. Y., 1,082 employees; 1,659,635 man-hours from July l*7, 1934, to April 4, 1935, Union Carbide 8c Carbon Research Labora tories, Inc., Niagara Falls, N. Y., 100 em ployees; 432,321 man-hours from August 29, 1933, to December 31, 1935. U. S. Vanadium Corporation, Columbiana, Ohio. 13 employees; 82,513 man-hours from May 16, 1931, to December 31, 1935. EFFICIENCY PLUS SAFETY Directors tell us--"I use Davis Brac-Kits out of doors on tool houses because they are weather proof. I use them also on all my trucks and cars for they occupy so little space. Davis Brac-Kits Save me time in accident emergencies when speed of action is so valuable. Best of all, the contents don't get dirty even when the kit is placed on the ground. That is why l recommend the Davis Brac-Kit for Efficiency -r." YOU, TOO, WILL FIND THE DAVIS BRAC-KIT MOST CONVENIENT FOR YOUR USE Davis Brac-Kits contain 10 D-carton units, each of which holds material for several first-aid treatments. The standard Brac-Kit assortment includes adhesive, gauze compresses, Isodine swabs, Tannoid, ammonia inhalant, eye-dressing and a tourniquet. Use coupon now fo send without obligation for complete details ot the convenient DAVIS Brac-Kit. Brae - Kit opened and ready for use. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. 55 Van Dam Street, New York City Please send my copy of your Bulletin on Davis Brac-Kit to DAVIS EQUIPMENT CO.,INC. Chicago, III. New York City Houston, Tex. San Francisco and Los Angeles, Cal. Name_______________ __ _____ __ Address .. ................................... _ City........ ........... ......... ............................................ NB3 Union Electric Light & Power Co. The County Electric group of the Union Electric Light 8c Power Co., St. Louis, Mo., worked from August 7, 1934, until February 7, 1936--9"'8,690 man-hours--without a disabling-mjurv accident. The group comprises 335 employees. Virginia Electric & Power Co. The production department of the Virginia Electric & Power Co., Richmond, Va., on Janu ary 30, 1936, completed a three - year record without a single disabling - injury accident, working a total of 1,035.046 man-hours during that period. A previous record set by this de partment ran from January 11, 1930, to January 30, 1933, a total of l,439e","3 man-hours. Thus the department has a record of six years* con tinuous operation with onlv one disabling-injury accident, during which time it has worked nearly two and one-half million man-hours. Westinghousc Lamp Co. A safety record of 2,015,476 man-hours, still unbroken on December 31, 1935. has been accomplished by the miniature lamp department of the Westinghouse Lamp Co., Bloomfield, N, 1. The record began February 1, 1934. White, Corbin & Co. Six full years without a lost-time accident have been completed by the White, Corbin & Company division of the U. $. Envelope Co. The plant is located at Rockville, Conn. The record, which began January 1, 1930, had been extended to 2,257.485 no-accident man-hours by December 31, 1935. At the latter date it was still unbroken. An average of about 185 employees is represented in the record. APRIL, 1936 One of the most important phases of a good housekeeping program lor an industrial plant is the maintaining of clear passageways. All aisles should be kept clear for the safety of pedestrian, hand truck and power truck traffic. Well defined avenues of safety can be easily maintained when you use the Nissly Floor Liner. This ma chine will paint a line as rapidly as one can walk. It is easy to operate and handle and can readily be used in restricted places. Low in first cost and economical to use. Write for complete details. WALTER S. NISSLY 43 N. Clinton Street YORK, PA. 72 WITH THE MANUFACTURER srsLT.-; .zsxizzzsrs: New Splint for Broken Legs An improved type of leg splint, known as the Green Traction Splint, has been developed especially to enable industrial first aid workers to take care of such cases easily and effectively. The longitudinal members of the splint are made of wood. X-rays oi the leg can be taken without removing the splint. The upper end of the splint is formed by a half ring of laminated wood, reversible for either leg, and the lower end by a cross piece of metal in which is mounted a hook which can be drawn forward by turning a wing nut. The splint weighs only 7'4 pounds complete and can be compactly packed in a flat case. It was developed by Harold Greene, of the Aetna Life Insur ance Company, with the cooperation of Dr. Harry Archer, chief surgeon of the New York Fire Department, and Dr. Robert H. Kennedy, of the American Col lege of Surgeons. The Davis Emergency Equipment Company, 55 Van Dam Street, New York City, are distributors. Dielectric Tester This new Dielectric or breakdown tester manufactured by The Acme Electric & Manufacturing Company, 1440 Hamilton Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, indicates shorts, opens, or grounds and checks circuits at under test. Acme engineers point out par ticularly the use of a second secondary winding on the same common core, but shielded from the high voltage secondary. This secondary supplies 110 volts to a small indicating ruby lamp. The lamp is inset and shielded by metal mask. This lamp glows when the tester is turned on, warning the operator of live secondary leads. On partial breakdown the lamp dims and on complete breakdown it goes out. Shockproof Screw Driver Industrial Products Company, 800 W. Somerset Street, Philadelphia, Pa. an nounces a new shock proof, unbreakable, rub ber insulated screw driv er. It is made with a live rubber handle and cabi net style blade which is moulded into the rubber >o that it will not turn. It is designed for electri cians, service mainte nance and meter men and is also a practical tool for work on radios and automobile ignition. It is made in one size only, length overall 8 inches. New Light Hoist A new line of electric hoists, known as the '`Zip-Lifts" with capacity ratings from 250 to 500 pounds, is announced by the Harnischfeger Cor poration, Milwaukee, Wis. The manufacturers state they are primarily design ed for "spot handling" work in machine shops, welderies, storage booths, foundries, etc. These units are of alt welded construction and are exceptionally light; the M-ton model weighing only 100 pounds. They have hoisting speeds up to .52 feet per minute and are controlled either by push button or pendant rope. Safety is provided with a weight - type limit switch, solenoid dry disc motor brake and ratchet and roller type mechanical brake. Standard units are furnished with or without trolley. Cam Lever Switch The Gamewell Company, Newton, Mass., announce a new cam lever switch designed for use where the. break-down require ments do not exceed 2,500 volts. The contacts are rated at 1 ampere, 110 volts, DC, non-inductive load. ' A positive stop is provided in the center position so that when the handle -is re turned to this position from an operated position the contacts on the opposite side of the switch are not affected. There is approximately 1/16 of an inch hetween the railers and the operating springs when the switch is on the center position. Sight Light indicator This new photoelectric illumination meter of vest-pocket size checks the ade quacy of lighting in homes, schools and factories for a wide range of seeing tasks. Illumination values as high as 250 footcandles are read directly from the scale. The scale is so spaced that low illumina tion levels are fully and_ legibly indicated and it is divided into live "seeing task'' zones, set off by colored divisions. The back of the indicator contains an embossed metal plate classifying specific seeing tasks. An improvement which reduces the size of the meter and simplifies its use is the location of the light-sensitive cell within the scale opening, as a part of the scale itself. Thus, when the meter is placed so that the cell directly views the illumination to be measured, the scale is in the natural position for easy and instant observation. Manufactured bv the Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation, Newark, X. j. Heater for Large Openings A heater to answer the problem of heat ing entrances to garages, bus terminals, freight houses, docks, shipping and re ceiving departments, etc., is announced by the L. J. Wing Manufacturing Company, 154 West 14th Street, New York. This heater is designed for ceiling suspension just inside of and directly over each door approved standard testing voltages. The manufacturer states that this unit will per mit actual application of the standard test ing voltage of double the rated voltage plus 1,000 to the appliance device or equip ment under test and thus prove the dielec tric strength of the insulation to meet standard safety limits. _ The transformer used in this device permits short circuits for a period of time without any damage. This current limitation also eliminates burning of ma terials at point of breakdown of apparatus i__ opening. The unit itself consists of a com bined electric and steam directional heater, compact in size and simple in construc tion. A powerful fan draws a large volume of air through a copper coil. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 73 Heat Tablet Dispenser The Fairway Laboratories, Inc., Belle ville, 111., announce a new all metal dis penser with a lock top and key. This dispenser is unbreakable and was designed for installations where the glass hopper would not be practical, it holds a large supply of heat tablets and can be installed at any location where it is advantageous to have a supplv of tablets available. "CM" Puller Chisholm - Moore Hoist Corporation, Tonawanda, X, V,, announces this general utility tool designed for lifting or pulling vertical ly, horizontally or at any angle. Capactti_e> are h ton and VA ton. It is in tended for numerous pull ing jobs, such as tighten ing guy wires, -tretching fence, pulling posts, trench work and also for general maintenance and con struction service. An efficient gear reduc tion in both capacities provides for a minimum amount of effort to oper ate the ratchet handle-- 43 pounds to pull a* ton. Light weight facilitates handling---?4 ton weighs 17 pounds. Little -pace is required in service or storage. Double duty, al loy steel chain, is used with ultimate strength in excess of five times ca pacity toad. Operation is controlled by two buttons which also permit quick adjustment of the chain. Mechanism and automatic friction brake are fully enclosed. Screwdriver with Fibre Handle The Worcester Fibre Products Com pany, Worcester, Mass., is offering a -crewdriver provided with a handle which is insulated with tibre. They state the construction allows the setting of the blade without pin or ferrule, eliminating the danger of contact from this source. The blades are of special steel selected to Trade Publications for your SAFETY EQUIPMENT LIBRARY Information You Should Have A reference file of trade publications on safety equipment should be a part of every plant's ammunition for the battle of controlling accidents. A wealth of valuable data and information is yours at no charge and with no obligations. Every executive should avail himself of these publications--much help in the every day problems of efficiency, safety and profitable operation are found in them. Mail the coupon today! 1. American Dustube Collector. Bulletin No. 222. This bulletin illus trates and describes this dust collector and lists many of the dusts or materials which can be collected in this system. The Ameri can Foundry and Equipment Company. 2. How Today's Planes Are Pro tected from Fire. This folder illus trates and describes a special fire extinguish ing system for combating airplane engine fires. Also shows an airplane hand ex tinguisher designed for use in the cabin. Walter Kidde and Company, Inc. 7. Hydrogen Sulphide Detector. Bulletin No. DY-I describes this de tector in detail. It is a hand operated in strument for quick, accurate detection and measurement of low but dangerous concen trations of hydrogen sulphide in air. Mine Safety Appliances Company. 8. Marine Specialties. Catalog No, 164. This catalog contains many mod ern life saving products. Included are a number of Kapok life saving vests. Also shown are blasting mats made from closely woven manila rope. Atlantic-Pacific Manu facturing Company. 3. Safety Wheel Wrench. Bulletin No. 16-A. These wrenches are designed to permit a twisting of sucker rods or wire line without hazard to the men doing the job or damage to the equipment. Baird Manufacturing Company. 4. Connector End Line Hose, a 4- page folder covering this product de signed to protect linemen where it is neces sary to cover up longer spans of wire than can be accommodated with single pieces of standard line hose. W. H. Salisbury and Company, Inc. 9. Protecting Costly Lamps Against Vibration. Folder show. heavy duty lamp shock absorber or vibration arrestor designed to give longer life to lamp filament and to prevent lamp from falling. The Thompson Electric Company. 10. Spencer DHlI-VdC.This interesting folder deals with portable and station ary units for the control of dust caused by the drilling of rock in mines and quarries or wherever rock drills are used. The Spencer Turbine Company. 5. Nissly Floor Liner. Bulletin No. 7 a- lustrates and describes machine especial ly designed for painting well defined traffic lanes in industrial plants. Walter S. Nissly. 6. Expansion Bolts. An interesting and comprehensive loose leaf book contain ing architectural and engineering data on expansion bolts and devices for holding to masonry. Shows various material in which anchors are used and the proper type anchors for each. The Rawlplug Company, Inc. 11. Propellair Pans. This40 page cata log contains a full description of all Propellair exhaust and ventilating fans for a variety of purposes. Propellair, Inc. 12. Prevention of Heat Sickness. This interesting booklet deals with the problems of heat sickness and the use of Sodium Chloride tablets. These tablets equalize physical resistance with heat hazards in all types of hot work conditions. Fairway Laboratories, Inc. render hard service and can easily be in sulated further with fibre tubing. The use of fibre also makes a strong handle that will not easily split open. This ma terial provides a non-slipping grip that holds even with oily and perspiring hands. 1Statements published on this page are based on the claims of the manufac turer. While the National Safety News cannot guarantee these statements, they (are believed to be accurate. APRIL, 1936 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 20 North Wacker Drive Chicago, 111. Please have sent to me the publications have checked: Name.......................... ..................................... ......................... .. Title........................................................................................................ Company......... ........................................................ *........................... Address............................................................................ ......................... April, 1936 74 Good Housekeeping (Continued from page 16) We know it's a good plan to CHECK UP on DUST because DRACCO Engineers have done it and discovered that DUST was taking an enormous toil each and every day. For twenty years, DRACCO Engineers have solved DUST problems, and you are invited to avail yourself of our vast experience. In formation will be mailed upon request. CONTROL DUST A sound manage ment knows that a Dust Condition is a serious hazard and a financial liability and consider it good business to control DUST. DRACCO Dust Control will give you, *1) in corepaeserdaetiifolcinen;cy 1o2)f longer life and less maintenan c e of equipment; (3) im proved health of workers; <4) fewer lawsuits. Have DRACCO check your Oust condition. Write for informa tion today. Write for Bulletin So. 301 DRACCO CORPORATION Successors to Tha Oust Recovarinc & Convoying Co. 4073 E. II6th St. Cleveland, Ohio "Whmeu&L GOGGLES a/ie MJb&dt,.. ... prevent faulty vision, annoyance, and danger / ... keep gogglesfog'ciear, p/ haze*free, sweat'ieu... fit ' ' any head . . . replaceable sterile gauze bands. .. can be washed many times, yet inexpensive enough to throw away after using ... increase safety, efficiency, com* fort... snap, it's oni... snap, it's off! For Safety Sake, WRITE NOW for SAMPLES and LOW PRICES! where conditions are less hazardous. Much new construction work has been going on at all Monsanto plants in re cent years to meet the increasing de mands for chemical products in modern life. Each new building and its equip ment are carefully planned for lighting, ventilation, sanitation and protection against mechanical hazards. Experience has shown the company that there are two essentials to the suc cess of any housekeeping plan. First, the realization that the company expects good housekeeping. Second, cooperation of employees all along the line. The spirit of cleanliness and order has proved to be contagious, and it has extended to the personal appearance of employees as well as plant appearance. Health Pamphlets Now Available DECAUSE back injuries comprise such U a large percentage of industrial ac cidents, a new Health Practices Pam phlet issued by the National Safety Council is of particular importance to in dustrial executives and supervisors. In addition to the ``Back Injuries" pamphlet, No. 17, a pamphlet on "Light ing and Health," No. 18 has just been released. The two constitute a valuable addition to the Health Practices series. Both are written so that they may easily be understood by the layman. Pamphlet No. 17, written by Dr. Sum ner M. Roberts, includes a chart show ing the cause, treatment and prevention of back injuries. Pamphlet No. 18, written by Mrs. Janet H. Clark, of the Johns Hopkins University, explains the effect of light ing on the hygiene of the eyes. It is illustrated with charts which help the reader understand what type of lighting is needed in specific cases. Single copies of the two pamphlets are available to Council members upon request. Quotations will be given on quantity prices. According to Walter Winchell a De troit cop held up his hand to halt a lady motorist, who ignored the uplifted hand, but was promptly whistled to a stop. "Don't you know what I mean when I hold up my hand?" the cop sarcastical ly inquired of the lady. "I ought to--I was a school teacher for twenty years," she replied. WARNING! LOOK OUT FOR SLIPPERY FLOORS Floors, glazed from age and wear, are a continual source of slips and falls. They slow up production---often lay up valu able workers. Overcome this hazard with PLASTIC FUT-SURE. Economical to buy--easy to apply--this slip-proof surfacing is durable, easily cleaned, re silient, oil and grease proof, unaffected by heat or cold. Folder on request GENERAL ABRASIVE CO., INC. 2068 Colleaa Ava. Niagara Falls, N. Y. PLASTIC FIJT SURE FOR SAFER WALKING SURFACES ARMSTRONG Safe because they are ARMSTRONG Day after day, year in and year out, ARM STRONG Drop Forged "C" CLAMPS are safely depended upon to carry these great automobile body dies where the least spring, give, or slightest loosening of the screw would spell disaster. Embodied in all ARMSTRONG an extra strength--a dependable safety factor that can be counted on. Write far * Catat ARMSTRONG BROS. TOOL. CO. "The Tool Holder People" _ . 339 N. Francisco Ave., Chicago, U.S.A, NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS I 75 Flut'd Olam'Hd Hatch'd Plain INDEX TO ADVERTISERS Accident Prevention Equipment Manufacturers' Section ...____76-77-78 American Abrasive Metals Co............. .61 American Allsafe Co................................... 69 American Chain Company.......................... 37 American Foundry Equipment Company ......................... .............................50 American Mason Safety Tread Co...........75 American Mutual Liability Insurance Co.......... ..................................38-39 American Optica! Co.................................. 8 Armstrong Bros. Tool Co...................... 74 A CAST which safety stair tread aluminous abrasive in is imbedded in the wearing surface effectively preventing slipping whether wet or dry. Treads are easily and quickly installed on new or old work. For use with concrete, wood, marble, slate and other types of stairs. Furnished in three surfaces, Fluted, Diamond Hatched and Plain. Over 40 years* Experience is at your service for the asking. AMERICAN MASON SAFELTOWYETLLR, MEAAMD. CO. IN STOCK AT TEN PLANTS RYERSON STEEL-SERVICE T Chicago Jersey City For SAFE Climbing-- $1,65--Use Johnson Ladder Shoes Per pair Johnson Ladder Shoe Co. Eau Claire, Wisconsin APRIL, 1936 Barns, Frank E. ............................................ 70 Blaw-Knox Company ................ .52 Bradley Washfountain Co............................ 53 Brown Shoe Company ............................. ..64 Buhrke Company, R. H................................57 Bullard Company, E. D................................. 61 Burnham Laboratories .................. 52 Burroughs Wellcome & Co. (U.S.A.) Inc................................................. 7 Chicago Eye Shield Co. .................. 60 Columbus-McKinnon Chain Corp........... 49 Cover, H. S...........................................................80 Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Dayton Safety Ladder Co............................ 75 Dracco Corporation....................................... 74 Ellwood Safety Appliance Co. .................63 Fairway Laboratories ............. 55 General Abrasive Co................. ......................74 General Electric Co......................................... 5 Halperin Co., Inc., A. E............................... 74 Harrington & King Perforating Co. .. .63 Huntington Laboratories, Inc.....................57 Hynson, Westcott & Dunning, Inc. .. ,35 Industrial Gloves Corp...................................58 Industrial Products Co...................... .. .60 Inland Steel Company ................................ 2 International Shoe Co................................... 3 Johnson Ladder Shoe Co..............................75 Justrite Mfg. Co................................................64 Kidde & Co., Inc., Walter......... ................ 69 Klein & Sons, Mathias......................... .... . 48 Legge Co., Walter G.......................................66 Lehigh Safety Shoe Co., Inc....................... 65 Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co......................... 56 Lincoln-Schlueter Floor Mchy. Co. ...62 McKesson-Hall-Van Gorder Co................ 70 Mine Safety Appliances Co....................................Inside Front Cover National Safety Council, Inc............. .. 4 Never Slip Safety Clamp Co................... .66 Nissly, Walter S................................................ 71 Parsons Engineering Corp............................68 Paslode Company............................................ 66 Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. ....................... Inside Back Cover Pyroil Co................................................... 66 Safety Equipment Service Co. ................................Back Cover Safety First Shoe Co................... .59 Sanitor Mfg. Co....................... 68 Spencer Turbine Co......................................... 67 Stonehouse Signs, Inc............. .......................55 Taylor Co., Halsey W....................................62 Trumbull Manufacturing Co............. .. 56 West Disinfecting Co............... ..................... .59 Wiesman Mfg. Co....................................... 53 Williams & Co.. J. H................................... ,54 Willson Products, Inc............. ...................... 1 A puncture is a small hole in a tire, usually found several miles from a gar age. Order Daytons BEFORE t the Accident Don't wait until after a cost ly accident to equip with Dayton Safety Ladders. Daytons pay for themselves not only in accident preven tion, but in promoting faster and better work. Made of durable airplane spruce--light, strong, easy to carry. Straight back per mits close work. Sizes 3 to 16 feet. Write Dept. NSN-4 for details THE DAYTON SAFETY LADDER CO. 121-123 West Third Street, Cinciosati, 0. * DAYTON Safety Ladder (Patented) Stock carried on Pacific Coast by E, D, Bul lard Co.. Los Angeles and San Francisco, and by 160 other distributor* from coast to coast. Made and distributed in Canada by Safety Supply Co,, Toronto. 76 The Buyers' Service See Advertisers* Index, Page 75--When writing, please mention National Safety News i Accident Prevention Service National Rifely Council. Inc AbriiHivea American Abrasive Metals (o American Foundry Equipment Co. general Abrasive Co, Adhesive Tape and Plaster Remover Alarms, Fire Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Ampoules, First Aid IVrnhard. Robert A. Anemometers Bullard Company, E. D, Mina Safety Appliance* Co, Aprons American AIBafe ('*, Bullard Company, E, D. Dam Emergency Equipment < o., Inc, Induitrial move* Corp. Industrial Products Co, Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. _ Safety Equipment Service Co., The Safetr First Supply Co. standard Safety Equipment Co. Strauss Company, The Arresters, Dost American Foundry Equipment Blaw-Knox Co. Bullard company. E. >, Draeco Corporation Surty Mfg. Co., The Awards, Prise Mine Safety Appliance* Co, B Badge* and Button* Bullard Company. E, D Mine Safety Appliances Co. Bass, Tool, Linemen Buhrke Company, R. H. Bullard Company, E. D. Dam Emergency Equipment Co,, Inc, Industrial Product* Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Serrtee Co.. The Salisbury & Co.. IV. H. Strauss Company. The Bolt*, Linemen American Allsafe Co, Buhrke Company. R. R. Bullard Company, E. D. Davts Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. Klein A Sons. Mathias Min# Safety Appliance# Co. Pulmotan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Serrtee Co,, The Safety First Supply Co Standard Safety Equipment Co. Strauss Company, The Belt*, Safety .American Allaafe Co, Buhrke Company, R. H. Bullard Company, E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment < o,, Inc, Industrial Product* Co. Klein A Sons, Mathias Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment t.orp. Safety Equipment Berries < o . The Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co Straus* Company. The Belt*. Tree Trimming Buhrke Company, tt. H. Bullard Company. K I. Industrial product# Co, 'Due Safety Appliance* Co Pulm ><an Safety Equipment Corp Straus* Company, The Belt*, W inslow ( leoDinff Buhrke Company. R, H. Bullard Company, E. D. Imhstml Products cn. Aline Safely Appliances Co, Blower*, Hose Mask Bullard Company. E. D, Davl* Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Blower*. Portable, Electric Spencer Turldne Co. Surly Mfg. Co., The Box far Door Opener Paslode company JiKtnte Mfg. Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. I'rotec'r.jeal Company Pulmosan Safety Equipment ">rp. Safety- Equipment Service co.. The Standard Safety Equipment Chain, Factory American Chain Co., Inc. Oolumbus-McKlnnon Chain Corp. McKay Company Gas and Electric Cutting and Welding Demand Many Safeguards Accident Prevention Equipment Manufacturers Section of the National Safety Council Many accidents have been caused in industry by lack of adequate precau tions when using gas and electric welding equipment. Care must be taken to see that all such equipment is in good condition. Regular in spections are of great importance. Personal protection for the operator has developed along with the growth of this type of work. It is now possi ble to obtain from a number of re liable sources, the proper safeguards. Such equipment includes goggles, helmets, masks, fire resisting suits, gloves, aprons, leggings, spats, etc. Check up and be sure your welders are adequately guarded. n . i. -mptny. g. r, "o`. iT`""'y Equipmw Industrial Glnrei r0m M\f.innUe$t?Sa4ifetPy wA'lpupclitai nScer*o V> t ulmoian Safety Equipiutol ThIPment s,r?ic* Safety First Supply fo Standard Safety Equipment Straus* company. The Co. American Allsafe Cq Bullard Company. E, D Davis Emergency Equipment Inc. Industrial Gloves Corp Industrial Product* fn Mine Ssfety Appliances C<j Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. safety Equipment Service Co Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Collectors, Dust American Foundry Equipment Blaw-Knox Co. Dracco Corporation Parsons Engineering Corp. ^urty Mfg. Co,, The Compounds, Cleaning Safety Clothing Co.. The Compounds. Floor and Stair, Non-slip Legge Ce., Walter (?. Containers, Explosive Liquid Bullard Company. E. D. Dari* Emergency Equipment Co Inc. Industrial Product* Co, justrite Mfg. Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Protectoaeal Company Pulmosan Safety Equipment *'orp. Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Strauss Company. The D Detectors. Gas Bullard Company, E. D. Dari* Emergency Equipment Co., Inc, Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Portable Lamp A Equipment Fulmnisu Safety Equipment Corp. Strauss Company. The Blackboards Blanket*. Fireproof Bullard Company, E. D. Davi* Emergency Equipment Co,, Inc. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co,, The Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment C-\ Blockers. Mine Car Industrial Product* Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Blockers, Railroad Car Bullard Company. E. D, Industrial Product! Co. Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safety Flnt Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co, Buckets. Hoisting Bullard Company, E, D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Industrial Product* Co. Bulletin Boards American Alisafa Co. Bullard Company, B. D Davl* Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Elliott Service Co, Mine Safety Appliance* Co, Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co, Can*. Oil Bullard Company, R. 0, Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Protectose*! Company Safety Equipment Service Co,. The Can*, Waste Bullard Company, E. D, Davl* Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Industrial Product* Co. Chairs, Safety, Boatswain Bullard Company. E, D. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Pulmrsan Safety Equipment Corp. Strauss Company. The t tamps. Rail Industrial Product* Co Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety First Supply to. Clamp# and Sockets Armstrong Bros, Tool Co. Never Slip Safety Clamp Co. William* A Co.. J. H. (..'leaning Equipment Abrasive American Foundry Equipment ( leaning System*, Vacuum Spencer Turbine surty Mfg. Co.. The Clothing for industrial Worker*---See Aprons, (loves. Hand Leathers, Leggings, Shoes Clothing, Acid Proof Detector*. Indicator*, Recorder*. Carbon Monoxide Bullard Company. E. I>, l)avl* Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Detector*, Pyrotanalc Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Disinfectants and De odorants Abbott Laboratories Huntington Laboratories Inc, Weat Disinfecting Co. Dost Camera Duaters. Rock Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Portable Lamp A Equipment Co. E Emblems, Safety Mine Safety Appliances Co. Exhausts, Grinding Wheel Surty Mfg. Co., The NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS THE BUYERS* SERVICE 77 See Advertisers' Index, Page 75--When writing, please mention National Safety News Eiterminator, Rodent West Disinfecting Company ExtlncuinherM, Fire American Allsafe C Bniurij C. mpariy. E. D Marker Mfg. C, Kidde & CO. Inc., Walter Mine Safety Appliance# Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Pyrene Mfg. Company F Fan*. Exhauat American Foundry Equipment Btasv-Knox to Dracco > 'orporation Surty Mfg. Co.. The Faateners or l,acers, llelt Clipper Belt I.accr Co. Film* or slide*. Safety, for Kent and Sale National Safety Council, Inc. First Aid Equipment American Allsafe Co. Abbott Laboratories Bauer & Block Bernhard, Robert A. Blshinger-Koehler Mfg. to., Inc. Bullard Company. E. 1>, Burnliam Laboratories Burrougns-Wellcorae Co,, iC S.A.l Inc. Darla Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Halpertn Co.. Inc., A, . Hvnson, Westentt * Dunning. Inc. Industrial Products Co, Johnson & Johnson Men-k k Company Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Pulmojan Safety Equipment '""orp. Safety Equipment Service Co., The Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment C<. F'na'M, Dnnorer Bullard Company. E- D. Industrial Product? cn. Safety Equipment Service Co., The Stonehouse Sign*. Inc. Flnahlltrhta, Permissible Bullard Company. IS. D. Floor ( feanlna: Mnchinea, Electric Lincoin-Schlueter Floor Maciiy. c. Flooring Material, Safety American Abrasive Metals Co. American Mason Safety Tread Cu. General Abrasive Co. Industrial Products Co. Inland Steel Co. safety First Supply Cn, Surty Mfg. Ce.. The Footwear, Rubber Bullard Company, E l). Industrial PriducU Co. Lehigh Safety Shoe Co. Min* Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Fountain*, Drinking, Factory Bradley Washfountain Co, Taylor Co.. Halsey W, Fumigant* Bauer & Black (iermictde* Abbott Laboratories <ermiolde*. Catting Oil Huntington Laboratories, Inc. Merck and i ompany West Disinfecting Company Safety American Optical Company Bullard Company, K, D. APRIL, 1936 Chicago Eve si.iel j Co. Industrial Products ("o. Llbhr> *iwen-F"r.| Cm. Mine Safety Appliance? i`o. Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. Pulmosan safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Seme* Cn,, The standard Safety Equipment Cv s-irty Mfg. Co,, The Willson Product*, Inc. Clove* and Mitten* American Allsafe Co. Bams. Frank E. Bullard Company. E. D. I'hieago Eye Shield Co. Dads Emergency Equipment Co , Inc, Industrial Products Co Mlue Safety Appliances Co. (ratings. Safety Blaw-Knox Co. (tuards. Chip and Spark Bullard Company, E. D, Chicago Kje Shield Co. industrial Pr> ducts Co. Safety Equipment Service Co, The Standard Safety Equipment Guards, Flywheel Harrington St King Perforating . 0. Industrial Products Co. .Surty Mfg. Co., The Guard*. Portable Lamp (nnrilM, Power Pres* American Allsafe t'n. ' nicag,. F,\* h neb! <'o Industrial Products in, standard Safety Equipment Sum Mfg. Co.. The Wiesman Mfg. Co, Co, t.tiards, Safety American Atlsafe Co, Bullard Company. E, D. Davt* Emergency Equipment Co,, lne. Harrington ic King Perforating Industrial Products C'o. An Incident That Clearly Shows the Value of Safety Belts and Lines .-iimy rim supply Co. straus* Company, The Head, safety. Explosion Heat Cramp Preventive, Curoty Utiorttortes. rnc Mclvftsson-Hali-Van Gorder Co. Hflmrin, Safety American AUsafe Co, American Optical Company Blshinger-Koehler Mfg. Co Inc. ' Bullard Company, E. D. Chicago By* Shield Co Davis Emergency Equipment t inc. Industrial Product* Co Mine Safety Appliances Co Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. 'Hi*Safety Equipment Service Safety First Supply Co, standard Safety Equipment c Straus* Company, Inc.. The Willson Products, Inc. Hoi*ts, Electric While three riggers were repairing a crane run-way about 35 feet above the ground, the coupling on the air hose they were using broke. The hose end struck all three men knocking two of them out and dazing the other. All men wore safety belts and lines properly tied, saving them from fall ing to the ground when they were knocked off the scaffold. Two of the men returned to work after proper treatment at the plant hospital and the third one returned the next morn ing. Had they not been wearing safety belts and lines the results may have proved fatal. Accident Prevention Equipment Manufacturers Section of the National Safety Council Industrial Gloves Coin, Industrial Product* Co Mine Safev Appliance* Cn, Pulmosan Safety equipment Cmp. Safety Equipment Service r. .. The Safety First Supply Co. Salisbury St Co., W, H. Standard Safety Equipment Co. I.orkIm American Allsafe Co American Optical Company Bullard Company. E. D, Chicago Eye Shield Co. Cover, H. X. Dari* Emergency Equipment Co., inc. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Putmoeau Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Willson Products. Inc. Gonj?s, Siren*. Horn* and other Signaling Devices Bullard Company. E. D, Guards, Foot and Toe Bullard Company, E. D. Ellwood Safety Appliance Co. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safetv Appliances Cn Pulmosan Safety Equtlpment ` orp. Safety Equipment Service Co., The K*r< w.,ppiv frt. Standard Safari Equipment Co. . < >m 4mv The Guard*. i.cnr Surty Mrg. t * , The (tiard*. iirinilinff Wheel Surty Mfg. . The Guard*, .D*lnt*r Industrial l*r tn Safety Em ill ii.< > S-tcice T>,,. Standard SatVu KqntiJhiem Surty Mfg. L j.. i'be (.uard*. Kirk Pre** Surty Mfg. Co.. The Safety Equipment Service v, , The Strauss Company, Inc.. The Suity Mfg, Cn.. The Wiesman Mfg. Co, Guards, Saw Bullard Company, E. D. Industrial Products Co Safety Equipment Service Co.. The standard Safety Equipment Co. Surty Mfg. Co., The Guard*, Shaper Industrial Products Co. standard Safety Equipment Co. Surty Mfg. Co., The GuariU. Treadle Surty Mfg. Co., 'The H Hand (Team Bullard Company, E- D, Davis Emergency Equipment < V. , Inc. industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Hat*, Safety Bullard Company, K, D, Industrial Product* Co, Holder*, Tool Armstrong Bro*. Tool Co. William* & Co,. J. H, Hook*, Safety Beit Bullard Company. E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co, Portable Lamp A Equipment Co, Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Strauss Cumpaay, The Hook*, Safety, Hoiatlng Industrial Products Co. Williams & Co.. S. H. Hospital Equipment Bullard Company. E, D. Burroughs-Wellcome Co,, (U.S.A.l Inc. Darts Emergency Equipment Co,. Inc. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Safety Equipment Service Co., The Safety First Supply Co. I f nclinntorn. Carboy Bullard Company. E, D, Industrial Product* Co. Safety Equipment SerTlce Co., The Indicator*, Flammable Vapor Bullard Company. E. D, Darts Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. fubalators Blshinger-Koehler Mfg. Co,, Inc. Butlard Company, E. D, Dari* Emergency Equipment Co,, Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Insurance American Mutual Liability Insurance Co. Metropolitan Life Insurance Interlock Systems Union Switch & Signal Co. .1 Ladder Shoe* or Feet American Abrasive Metals Co. American Allsafe Co, American Mason Safety Tread Co, Bullard company. E. D, Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Dayton Safety Ladder Co. Industrial Products Co. Johnson Ladder Shoe Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co Patent Scaffolding Co., The Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp, Safety First Supply Co. Surtv Mfg. C"., The 78 THE BUYERS' SERVICE See Advertisers' Index, Page 75--When writing, please mention National Safety News I.adders. Safety American Allsafe '-* Bullard Company. K, D, Davton Safety Ladder Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Patent Scaffolding <v, The pijlnmsau sifetv Equipment Corp. . Safety First supply co. Lamps. Safety Beniamin Electric .Mfg. Co, Bullard Company. E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Inc, Mine Safety Appliances Co, Lanterns. Carbide Bullard company. E. D. Lanterns. Electric Bullard Companv. E D. Industrial Products V hiitrlte Mr*. C . Mine Safety Appliances Co, Leathers, Hand American AlUafe c<j. Bullard Company, E, P, Industrial Gloves Corp. Industrial Products Co. Pulmosan safety Equipment "orp. Safety Equipment Service co.. The safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Straus* Company. The I.effirfnjcH American AlUafe Co Bullard Company, K, D. Davl* Emergency Equipment <-o_. Inc. Industrial Glove* Corp. Industrial Products Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment C rp. s.tfetv Equipment >emce tv,' The safetv First Supply Co. _ Standard Safety Equipment >o, Strauss Companv. The Lighting? Equipment, Industrial Beniamin Electric Mfg. Co. General Electric company Wesfinghousc Electric &c Mfg. Loekera and Hnnjgers for ( (othio* Industrial Product* Co. Luika, Lamp Industrial Products t`o. M*r. safety Appliances e Safotv Equipment ServU . The l.itbricntfon Pyr-ul Company M Iladifnea, Floor ( leaninur, Electric Llncoln-Schlueter Floor Mchy. llarkera. Traffic XSsslv, Walter S, Safety Equipment Service (':>,. The Masks American AHsafe Co, American optical company Bishinger-Koehler Mr*, co.. Inc, Bullard fompanv, K u. Chicago Eve Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equipment <0 fnc Industrial Products Co, ',!ne Safety Appliances Co. Pu*lmorops.an Safety Equipment Safety Equipment Service Co,, The safety First Supply Co. standard Safety Equipment Co, Strauss Company. Inc , The Willson Product*. Inc. IlntM, Stnndints. safety Bullard C'.mpanv. E. D Davis Emergency Equipment Co,, Inc. Industrial Products Cu. Safety First Supply Co. Metal, Expanded Slirty Mfg. Co., the Metal, Perforated Harrington & King Perforat ing Co. Meters, Light Testing General Electric Co strani* i Minpanv fnc . The Wheeler Mfg u F, H Pouter Service Elliott .Service Co National Safety Council, Inc. Bullard Company. E. D, Chicago K)e Shield Co, Davi# Emergenry Equipment c<j,. inc Industrial Products I'o, Mine .Safety Appliances t o, ProteetorM, V rm Bullard Company, E, D. Davis Emergency F.qmpment Co.. Itic, standard safety Equipment i n Strauss Company, Inc . The Hone*, Wire* Williamsport Wire r0d cTo. Publication*, SafetyNational Safety Council, tuc. .Safety Magazine Publishing Corp. Puller*, Fuse Bullard Company. K. D. Industrial Products Co. Mine .Safety Appliances Co, Safety Equipment .Service The Scaffolding, Snfetv Patent Scaffolding Co.* The Serew Drivers, >on. Skirt Industrial Product* Co Surty Mfg. to.. The' ' Seats. Toilet. Sanitary sanitor Mfg. Company Foot Injuries Are Numerous, but Adequate Protectson Can Be Easily Provided Accident Prevention Equipment Manufacturers 1 The legs and feet are involved in approximately one-fourth of all indus trial injuries. Adequate foot protec tion would beyond question, reduce the number of injuries involving the feet. For example, the following true story is but one illustration of the value of such protection: "While loading plate glass, a large piece broke, fell and struck the foot of one of our packers. Fortunately he was wearing steel foot-protectors. While the glass pierced the protector and cut the shoe cap, the toes of the foot were not injured. Undoubtedly, without this safeguard the packer would have suffered a painful and serious injury." Industrial Products Co. Movers, Hallway Car Bullard Company. E, D. Industrial Products Co, I'aslnde Company Safety Equipment Service The standard Safety Equipment Co, O Oxygen Breathing? Apparatus BDhinger-Koehler Mfg. Co,. Inc. Davis Emergency Equipment Mine Safety Appliance# Co. P Pars, Miners* Lehigh Safety Shoe Co. Portable Lamp & Equipment Pads. Knee Bullard Company, E. D. Industrial Glove* O.rp. Industrial Products Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co, Safety Equipment Service Co., The Safety First Supply Co, Industrial Gloves Corp. Industrial Product# Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Pulmosan safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co., The Safety First Supply Co. standard safety Equipment Co. Strauss Company, Inc., The protectors. Finder uer & Black liutrtal Glove* Corp. Vtv Equipment Service V, The Protectors for Linemen American Allsafe Co, Bullard Company. K. D. Davis Emergency Equipment * , Inr, Industrial Gloves Corp, Industrial Product* Co, Mine Safety Appliance# Co, Putmi sn .Safety Equipment Corf). Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safety First Supply Co. Salisbury & >., W. H. Pumps, Oxygen Bishinger-Koehler Mfg. Co., Inc. Mina Safety Appliances Co. R Respirators Mine Safety Appliance# Co. American Ailsafe Co. American Optical Company Bishinger-Koehler Mfg. Co., Inc. Bullard Company. E. D. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Cover, H. 8. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Industrial Product# Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment `''orp. Safety Equipment Service Co., The Safety First Supply Co standard Safety Equipment Co. Willson Products, Inc. Resuscitation Equip ment Bishinger-Koehler Mfg. Co,, Inc. Bullard Company, K. D. Davt# Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Mine Safety Appliances co. Industrial Pr-duet* Co Mine Safety Appliances Co Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Shades, Window, Industrial Shoes, Safety. Factory and Foundry American AUsafe f.>. Brown Shoe Company Bullard Company, E d. Industrial Products c. International Shoe Co Lehigh Safety Shoe Co .Mine Safety Annli.m<-* r\>, Safety Equipment Service Co., The Safety First Shoe c,, Safety First Supplv Co Shoes. Wooden So'e Industrial Products Co Safety Clothing Co., the Signs, Accident Prevention Bullard Company, E, D. Industrial Products Cn Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safety First Supply Co Standard Safety Equipment Co, Stonehouse Signs. Inc, Sirens and Signals Bullard Company, E D. Industrial Products Co. Slings, Chain American chain Co.. Ir.c. Columbus-McKInnon chain Corp. Slings, Safety, Wire Rone Williamsport Wire Rope Co. Soap Huntington. Laboratories, Inc. West Disinfecting Co. Soles, Shoe, \on-slip Lima Cord Bole & Heel Co. Sterllltlng Equipment Strans, Snfety Buhrke Company. R. H Bullard Company, E D Davis Emergency Equipment Co Inc, Industrial Products Co, Klein & Sons. Mathias Straus* Company, Inc.. The Stretcher I* nits Sweat Bands for lirtgglea Halperin Co., Inc., A. E. Systems, Dust Control American Foundry Equipment Co Blaw-Knox Co. Dracco Corporation Parsons Engineering Corp. Slirty Mfg. Co., The T Tents, Pneumonia Bishinger-Koehler Mfg, Co.. Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Testers. Fuse Tools, Linemen Bullard Company, E, D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co,, Inc. Industrial Products Co. Klein & Son*, Mathias NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 79 THE BUYERS' SERVICE See Advertisers' Index, Page 75--When writing, please mention National Safety News ToSotlas,mMpianrgkins? or Tools, .\on-Nparkint? Aropco Metii, Inc. Bullard Company, R, D, Davit Emergency Equipment Co , Inc. Pulraoun Safety Equipment Corp. Torches, Blow Klein & ?>on$, Mathias Troads, safety American Abrasive Metals Co. American AlUafe Co. American M.i<m Safety Tread Industrial l*r< iiwtA (`n. Inland Steel i . Surtv Alfa:. Co., The Trestles, Safety, Katenslon lu.iuitriai Product* Co, Patent Scaffolding Co., The Safety First Supply Co. Trophies V Valves. Oscysen Blshinger-Knehter Mfg. to.. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Vending Machines, Sanitary Ventilating Equipment Amt 'rei rican Foundry Blaw-Knox Co. Urarco Corporation Equipment W Washers, Safety for Cirinding Wheels Industrial Products Co. Standard Safety Equipment I'V, Washroom Equipment. Industrial Bradley Washfountaln Co. Welding Equipment Wrenches, Hopper Car Industrial Products Co. Paslode Company Safety Equipment Service Co., The Safety FTnt Supply Co. Trumbull Mfg. Co., The Wrenches. \0>parkinrc Williams & Co,, J, H. Wrenches, Open End Irraitrong Bros. T"<d Co Trimont Mfg, ( o. Williams & Co,, J, H\ Wrenches, Pipe Armstrong Bros. Tad Co. Trimont Mfg. Co, Wiliums & tip., J, H. W ren*heH, Socket Armstrong Bros, Tu<.| m. Williams & Co., J. H. The following companies are those whose names appear under the various headings contained in this Buyers' Abbott Laboratories.............................. . .Nirtn Chicago. Ill, American Abrasive. Metals Co, ... . Irvington. >', J. American Ailsafe Co............. .,. _____ .... Buffalo, N, Y American t'bain Co., Inc. . .. ... . .New York. N. Y. American Foundry Equipment '.> , --- Mishawaka, Inn. American Mason Safety Tread Co. . ------- -Lowell, Mass. American Mutual Liability Insurance C". . Boston, Alas*. American Optica) Co............................ --S 'tthbridge. Mass, American Tel, * Tel C Ampro Metals Inc ...... Armstrong Bros. Tool t o Bams. Fra nit E............. .. ...Xew York, N V, .-.. Milwaukee, Wls, .............Chicago. IH. ......... Chicago, III, Bauer & Black ................. Benjamin Electric & Mfg. ...... Chicago, ill .. Re* Plaines, ill. Bernhard, Robert A. , Bithinger-Koeiiler Mfg. t Blaw-K'nog Co. ............ ........ Rochester. N. Y, .... Pittsburgh, pa, ..... Pittsburgh, Pa. Bradley Washfountaln Co. .... Milwaukee. Wu. Brown Shoe Company ,.. Rubric Co,, R H, ... , ............. St. Luiii*. Mo ...................rhicagii. III. Bullard Co , E. n Sail Franeuco. rallf, Burnham Laboratories . W. Medway. Mm*. Burroughs-Wellcome & Co, iL'.S.A. i' Inc., New York, N.Y, Chicago Eye Shield C<, ........... . .................Chicago. III. (Tipper Belt Lacer Co ......................... Grand Rapids, Mich. Colurnbus-McKinnon Chain Cnrp. , .. Tonawanda, N V. Cover, H s}. . , ............. .--South Bend. Ind. Davis Emergency Equipment Co,, luc . New York- V Y. Dayton Safety Ladder in , The . ......Cincinnati t'Myn Dracco C"rp........................ ........................ .......... Cleveland, Mhi * HlJwnn.t safety Appliance Co. ...... ___ Ellwood City. Pa. Klllott Service Co . ________________ ....New York. N, Y. Fairway Laboratories. Inc. , ..... ..............Belleville, HI. i rtuieral Abrasive Co , ........................ Niagara Falla, S. Y. General Electric Co, ............................ ..Cleveland. Ohio Halperin Co., Inc., A. R. ........ Boston. Mass. Marker Mfg. Co........... ............................. ............... Dayton. OKI* Harrington & King Perforating Co. ................Chicago. 111. Huntington laboratories Co . .... .....Huntington, Ind. Hynsiuj, Western a* Running, Inc. ...........Baltimore, Md. Industrial Glove* Corp. ..................... ...... Danville, IlL Industrial Products Co. ........... .. ....Philadelphia, Pa. Inland Steel Cn, . ______ ...Chicago, 111. international Shoe Co , ................... ____ .St. LouU, Mo. Johnson it Johnson ........... ,'ew Brunswick, N, J, Johnson Ladder Shoe Co . .......____ Eau Claire. Wla. jiistrite Mfg. to. .. ............... ,.. ................. Chicago. III. Kldde & Co.. Inc,, Walter ...................New York. N. Y. Klein & Sons. Mathias ...................... .........Chicago, JH. Lvgge Walter r, .......... .............. .. .New York. N, Y. Lehigh Wafers shoe Co........................... ....,. .Allentown, Pa. Lthhey-Rwens'Ford Olas* Co. .... ,,........... Toledo, Ohio I.ima cord Sole & Heel Co., The ... ..........Lima, Ohio I.incoln-Srhlueter Floor ilichy. Co, ................. Chicago, lit. McKewm-Hall-Vaiitsorder Co. ..... ...........Cleveland. Ohio McKay Co. . . ......................................... ...........Pittsburgh, Pa, Merok A Co., Inc. ,__ ....New York, N. Y. .Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.......... ....New York, N. Y, Mine Safety Appliance* Co, ...... ........... Pittsburgh, Pa. National Safety munell, Inc............. ..................Chicago, III. Never Slip Safety Clamp Co.............. ...New York. N, Y. Nisaly. Waiter S.................................... .......... York. Ps. Parsons Engineering Corp. Paslode Company .......... ....................... .Cleveland. Ohio . .t'hieaga. III. Patent Scaffolding Co.. The .... hicago, Ul, Pittaburgh Plate Glass t o. ............. . .Pittsburgh. Pa. Protactoseal Co, ..................... .. ........ >- bicago. Ill, PutaoMn Safety Equipment Corp. Pyrene Mfg. Co................. .................... . .BrrN>ekwlayrnk,, NN,, Y4,. Pyroil Co............................................. ..... Lit'rnsse, Wi*. Safety Equipment Service < o.. The -Cleveland, Ohio Safety First Shoe Co.................... .. Hoitiuon, Maze. Safety First Supply Co, , -- ..... ....... Pittsburgh. Pa. Safety Magazine Publishing (.orp. ........ New York, N. Y. Salisbury A Co- Inc., W. H. . .. ,. ....... Chicago, iu. Janitor Mfg. Company ................. ....................Chicago. IU. Spencer Turbine Co., The................. ......Hanford, Conn. Standard Safely Equipment Co. . - ................. Chicago, 111. Stonehouse Signs, inc. , -- ........... ....... iVnwr. Colo. Strauss Co., Inc............................... . ........ Pins'iijrgb. Pa. Surty Mfg. Co.. The ......................... , ...Chicago, 1||. Taylor Co.. Halsey W. ..................... .................Wat fen, Ohio Trlraont Mfg. Co, ...... ................. ......... Boston, Mass. Trumbull Mfg. Co., The ........... ........ Wirren, Ohio Union Switch & Signal Co. West Disinfecting Company . Weattnghouie Electric & Mfg. Wiesman Mfg. Co. . ....... ....... -Rwissiaie. Pa. tigULand Oltv, X, Y. ..East Pittsburgh, Pa. Dayton, Ohio Williams A Co.. J. H. .... ............ Buffalo. X Y. Williamsport Wire Rope Co. Willson Product*. Inc. ......... .........Williamsport, Pa. .................. Reading, Pa. Industrial Safety Market A S A SERVICE to our readers, we endeavor to maintain a com * ' plete list of the source of supply of all types of safety and allied equipment. If you do not find what you want in the advertising pages, send in the coupon below, and we will have forwarded to you without charge, or obligation, detailed information and catalogs on mate- rial to meet your requirements. . National Safety News 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago Please have Forwarded to me from various manufacturers, without charge, prices, catalogs, etc., on the following material: Specifications: (Be specific as to size, capacity, quantity, etc., when prices are wanted.) APRIL. 1936 Company . , Address . . , Your Name Contestants Show Shill in Unscrambling Words THE scramble for prizes in the Scram bled Word Contest that marked the February activity in the Safety Calendar competition brought out a wealth of un usual material from some 3,000 en r--y- trants in all parts of the world. Hundreds of es says in rhyme were received, but only one of these was judged worthy of a place among the major prize win ners on the basis of thought, rhyme, L, W. Francisco and rhythm. This poem, incidentally, was the first prize winner. The fortunate author was Lawrence W. Francisco, 2907 Ferris Road, Els- mere, Delaware. An Alaskan nun. Sister Mary Rosa linda, of the Pius X Mission, Skagway, won second prize. Samuel E. Power, Jr., 6928 Green wood Street, Pittsburgh, Pa., won third. Winners of the fifteen $1.00 awards were as follows: Mrs. M. J, Adams, I--05 Monroe Street, Wichita Falls, Texas. Mrs. H. G. Kahl, 603 North Street, West Bend, Wis. Mrs. W. S. Hutchinson, Koppers Store No. 22, Beards Fork, W. Va. Carlos Gallardo Vega, P.O. Box 662, Ponce, Puerto Rico. George C, Peters, 115 King Street, Aliquip- pa, Pa. " Miss Marie D. Haggerty, 204 Renova Street, Pittsburgh, Pa. Julian F. Smith, duPont Experimental Sta tion, Wilmington, Del. R. E. Whalen, 2542 Graham Avenue, Akron, Ohio. Ray Peterson, 110 W. New York Avenue, Oshkosh, Wis. Charles V. Ortner, Darien Center, N. Y. Lours T. Valley, 35 Maple Street, Hudson Falls, N. Y. J. Vincent Anderson, 4857 14th Ave., So., Minneapolis, Minn. Thomas A. Smith, I}1 N. Belvidere Ave., York, Pa. William C. Musolf, 604 Illinois Avenue, Huron, S. D. Harold Rogers, 417 S. 15th Street, Reading, Pa. " Fewer entries were received than in the first contest. This is believed due to the fact that many were .unable to un scramble one or more of the six words offered as safety brain teasers. Some en tries were submitted with only four or five words unscrambled, and naturally, these were ruled out in accordance with the contest regulations. , Some failed to arrange the scrambled letters in the right formations. For example, one contestant derived "nose guard" rather than "dangerous" from the letters "rudasogen." Another, by omitting an "e", transformed "rongaeine" into "no racing" instead of "ignor ance." Most of the January prize winners were also entered in the February con test, but strangely, not a single one of them placed in the final list, and only one was grouped with the first 100 as the elimination progressed. An unusual feature of the contest was the fact that several schools took part, sending mass entries in which entire grades were apparently represented. Betteft Safefi... RESPIRATORS w-tth %/v2 DOUBLE FILTER CHAMBER REC. U.S. PATENT OFF. BULB VALVE TYPE NO. 4 Thi DUPOR respirator has a dear entrance filter aperture of TVs sq. in. It uses special felt filter pads 5/16" thick. Extra pads 4c each. The exhalation valve takes care of moisture and enables easier breathing. Made in soft, high grade rubber with face cloth. Foldable and revers ible. The DUPOR Respirator No. 16 has a much enlarged area of the filter chambers with the screw cap threaded clear over the edge thus saving much space; and has a THUMB REST on the side (patent applied for) making possible this light weight construction. Total weight only 5 ounces. This new inven tion makes possible a superior respirator that provides a large filter area, as small dead air space as possible, low breathing resistance and comfort. Write today for additional information! THOUSANDS OF DUPOR RESPIRATORS NOW IN USE Used for all kinds of dusts, smoke, fight fumes, vapors and paint spray that are free ffom harmful gases. BASIC PATENT NO. 2,000,064 DETAIL PATENTS PENDING AND ALLOWED BULB VALVE TYPE NO. 16 This DUPOR has enlarged ad justable filter chambers of screw cap type and the very large aperture of 16 sq. in. Extra lA" thick pads 4c each. The ex halation valve takes care of moisture and enables easier breathing. Made of soft, high grade rubber with face cloth. Foldable and reversible. Price $18.00 per do Sample postpaid $1.50 CHIPPEWA-A MANUFACTURED ONLY BY H.5.COVER Price $24.00 per doz. Sample postpaid $2.00 SOUTH'BEND, IND,, U.SA. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Hie new Pulmosan Safety Catalog is complete-- compact--'convenient. It gives you instant access to authoritative data on every requirement in industrial safety equipment. The catalog brings you a well-rounded, careful -election of the latest, proven safety devices. It is based upon more than a quarter-century of safety experience with plants in every industry. Included are respirators, goggles, masks, helmets, afety clothing, ladders, machine guards and countless other safety items of tested merit. Order your safety equipment from the Pulmosan catalog. You will save time and money . . . n ith safety! Mail the coupon below, to get your free copy of the Pulmosan Safety Catalog. Or write on your firm letterhead. Pulmosan Safety Equip r-' 1/nutter- ItKinsfruii Stifelq V 176 Johnson St., Brooklyn, N. V. Mich. Instrihutur: THK Hn\KK-c..vMl'ltl'.l.l. ! ;ik,* Superior (*i-t. Ilistr.: W. I'. * It, S. MMI- ' ! m MHfHIS COUPON BRINGS VOuR copy*-- I >1 i I Pulmosan Safety Equip.Corp., | 176 Johnson St., Brooklyn, N. Y. I Gentlemen: I j Send your new Safety Catalog, without : I | Firm I Afldrrr* I | CUV | Individual ;.it>on.