Document jka2LwE4QeDm4B84x9wp9JJp
From: Sent: To: Subject: Attach:
Bruce Jarnot <jarnotb@api.org> Thursday, March 31,20052:26 PM (GMT) benzconsort-tc@listserve.api.org BHRC-TC... New Documents for Review Irons_BIMDS_Mar2005.pdf; Thoughts on Bn EAdoc
Benzene Health Research Consortium (BHRC) Technical Committee (TC) -
1) Courtesy of Michael Bird, attached is a copy (19-page pdf) of a recent draft manuscript from Richard Irons: BenzeneInduced Myelodyplasia: New Insights from an Old Nemesis by RD. Irons, L. Lv, X. Ye, L. Bao, X.Q. Wang, J. Ryder, T.W. Armstrong, Y. Zhou, L. Miao, SA Gross and H. Fu.
2) Draft Thoughts on Benzene Exposure Assessment (3-page doc) from Gary Krieger's visit to Fudan University, 27 March 2005.
Best Regards - Bruce.
SH ELL-MCCLU RG-OS2S27
1. Some thoughts on EA updating
1. Coding system: Consistent job title identified Each 3-digit occupational and industry code Combined use of 1982 consensus and the updated Industry Classification Code (by Hu Shida, et aI, SHA CDCP?) Check the coding system used by Shanghai Cancer Institute, Gao Yutang, et aI,
2. Exposure status 3. Ranged exposure intensity: O-lppm; 1-10 ppm; 10-50 ppm; >50 ppm or mg/m3 by multiplying
with 3.2 based on IPHS database Frequency: times-hr/day x 5 (days) x 50 (wks) Duration: focused between historical period either 1980-2005 or 1985-2005
4. Route of exposure Inhalation Dermal contact
5. Task: job titles and activities in details: Clearly define industry, occupation, job title and task; for example, a truck driver could probably be categorized as:
Industry: transportation Occupation: driver Job title: lead driver or assistant driver Tasks: mechanical maintenance, fueling, driving, etc 6. Information sources required IPHS database Literature published including: 1) case reports characterized by higher exposure: peak,
maximum; 2) industrial hygiene surveys available in relatively systematic data of sampling, by passive badge, tube, or pumped in low/medium flow rate in Umin; monitored in area and/or personal samplings; expressed as MAC, TWA, mathematic mean, etc 7. Supplemental information Further subject investigation: to decide who should be further tracked-back/followed-up, need a collated file for the existing subjects identified as Bn exposure and potential Bn exposure, approximately 100-130 at the moment Further factory investigation: to support surrogate factories selecting it requires: 1)
analysis of existing data from Qs obtained; 2) updated criteria for the selection, in terms of scale of factory, ownership, products, age of factory, working conditions, job title/task of workers, materials content % Bn, etc; and 3) further evidence from IPHS database 8. Possibility of access 9. Consideration of workers' mobility during different historical period 10. Decision tree 11. Initiate a pilot study for 10-20 subjects concerned
SH ELL-MCCLU RG-052528
II. Work history
1. Can we assign range for each segment of the work history?
Example: O-lppm; 1-10 ppm; 10-50 ppm; >50 ppm
2. Work period and title
A. Shoes factory B. Shoes factory C. Painting-indoor
1985-87 1992-94 1995-2000
For work A: shoes Factory No. 3, 1985-87,mayinclude:
a) To ask worker: about tasks-define specific tasks on what, when, how often, how long, how big,
etc, that are unlikely to actually have access to factory records
b) To check IPHS database: Is there IPHS data at the correct time, geographically similar (Time
mismatch, similar areas in Shanghai?)
c) To update surrogate criteria: 1) What is a "surrogate factory"; 2) Similarities in scale, size of
working population, ownership of factory, products, age of factory, working conditions, job
title/task, materials content % Bn, etc;
3. Do we need a pilot study now for some (say, 10) of the 98 definitive Bn exposure cases, and
10 uncertain cases to make sure:
Where are we? Can we meet existing Protocol?
What revisions are necessary; what to simplify/accelerate?
Do we have adequate staff?
How long will it take to work-up the cases?
What are the difficulties?
What are the barriers? 4. Factors affecting job mobility:
Chronology (example)
Date of birth (DOB)
Age in 1980
Age at Diagnosis
1930
50
75
1940
40
65
1950
30
55
1960
20
45
1970
10
35
1980
0
25
"Supposed Scenario":
Development domain
Time period
Socioeconomic characteristics
Agriculture- industry
Pre-1965
Great leap to pre-cultural revolution
Agriculture- industry
1966-1976
Cultural revolution
Rapid industrialization
1978-1990
Deng's economy reform and openness
policy
Industry-service-agriculture
1990-2005
1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-2000
Rapid development in Shanghai Employment stability Economy restructuring Rapid migration/transition
SH ELL-MCCLU RG-052529
Service-industry-agriculture
2000-2005
Accelerated transition to services
So, what is the likely employment history, for people who were born in 1930?
Year Age Supposed employment status
1950-1960 20
Agriculture, state-owned enterprises, professional/service or student
1960-1970 30-40
Agriculture, state-owned enterprises (cultural revolution)
1970-1975 40-45
Cultural revolution, agriculture, state-owned enterprises
1980-1985 50-55
Start of economy reform
1990-1995 60-65
Rapid transition; urbanization, job movement (job-insecurity)
1995-2000 65-70
Retirement, rapid transition, labor movement/migration
2000-2005 70-75
Fully retired, accelerated transition, labor movement/migration
III. IPHS database 1. Does the factory reported by the worker exist in the IPHS database? Yes or No
If yes, what are the dates? Do these dates match the workers history? Yes or No If no, what is the mismatch? Early dates on late data? What level of "mismatch" is acceptable? Pre 1990-92 versus 1992? 2. Same questions for literature database 3. How do we use surrogates? Can we use a surrogate pre-l 990-92 for a post-1992 factory? 4. What are the "mismatching" requirements
Size of factory Date of factory construction: Pre-l 990-92 How do we know processes and job asks are similar? 5. What is the appropriate expression of the exposure? Is it appropriate to time-weight a I-hour high exposure intensity to a 8-hour TWA? 6. For example, IPHS: 10 ppm (32 mg/m3)-1 hr extrapolate to a cumulative exposure level of TWA ppm-yr.
(Summarized, 26-27 March, 2005, Shanghai)
SH ELL-MCCLU RG-OS2S30