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. One of the 300 unit defense housing projects for the new North American Aviation* Inc. plant near Dallas. Texa< where tons of lead were used for sanitary plumbing installations 420 Lexington Ave Lead Industries Association NewYork, N. Y. Lead Installations Protect Defense Units O house some of the many workers Trequired by the huge new North American Aviation. Inc., plant be tween Dallas and Ft. Worth. Tex., it was necessary for the government to I construct new housing facilities. Two defense housing projects for this pur pose. each having 300 living units, are known as Avion Village and Cockrell Hill and were built by the Federal Works Agency. In the plumbing in stallation of both projects, the govern ment used large quantities of lead products. l Water closet connections were made with 3-in. lead pipe, requiring nearly three tons of lead pipe for this pur Defense housing project under construction near Dallas, Texas pose. In addition more than a ton of lead were used. These projects thus both of Dallas, were architects for li/o-in. XL (D) weight lead waste add two more to the long list of gov Avion Village and Cockrell Hill re- pipe was employed. Vent pipe flash ernment-built defense projects in pectively. Central Contracting Co. of ings were made from 3,000 lb. of sheet which lead has aided to provide good Dallas was general contractor and lead. For jointing of pipes 1.800 lb. quality sanitary systems. Armstrong Co. was plumbing con of solder and 24.000 lb. of calking Roscoe Dewitt and Burns Roench, tractor. Lead Resists Corrosion in Copper Sulphate Water Treatment Feeder EVERAL years ago the Atlanta to this pipe in the bottom of the lead SWater Works developed a con container. tinuous copper sulphate feeder for The container is filled with random- water treatment which has proved effi size dry copper sulphate crystals. cient. economical and permanent. Its Water drips into the crystals through construction and operation are simple. a pressure reducing valve and small The feeders are mounted outdoors at orifice fed from a % in. supply line, the influent and effluent ends of the mixing chamber. The outer shell of the feeder consists of a standard 3-ft. length of terra cotta pipe 24 in. in diameter. It is set, with the bell at the top, in 4 in. of concrete grout. Cross section of lead-lined copper sulphate solution feeder used by Atlanta Water Works i"wafer line--C vy ^Needje valve with indicator A cylindrical lead container having a bottom but no top fits into the upper 18 in. of the terra cotta pipe. The iVvA'CU Vv ' l'` 'i'lltr.ySfa Is'* Lead box lower 18 in. is filled with sand topped with 3-in. concrete on which the lead inside fife cylinder rests. A thick-walled 1-in. lead pipe runs from the bottom of the A.-ycpncrete,* k 4*lead pipepeforated lead container out through the side of the terra cotta to the point of applica tion. To prevent stoppage a perfo `y ; :'{ ;Sand.v;.-'- 1''.V-.Vv;'or A:Dirt.-A-w Lead dis charge pipe ( rated lead baffle is fitted over the inlet 24"- [2] thus forming a uniform saturated cop per sulphate solution. This solution flows out through the lead pipe to the point of application. A calibrated needle valve which admits the water through the orifice readily controls the amount of sulphate solution. A metal cover protects the apparatus. The neat appearance is an added advantage of this equipment, which illustrates one of the many wavs in which lead may be used because of its high resistance to corrosion bv a wide variety of chemicals and because lead is so easily fabricated into special shapes. All joints in the lead in this equipment should be "burned." not soldered. It is wise to place a layer of tar paper or asphaltum on top of the concrete on which the lead container rests. Paul Weir is superintendent of the Department of Filtration. Atlanta Water Works, which developed this useful device. SPECIFY MATERIAL LIA25670 Auburn.V . Maintenance Program Demonstrates Economy of White Lead HE Auburn. N. Y., city hall and ish and tinted to get the exact shades Tthe West High School of that city. most suitable for pleasant and efficient Iwo modern buildings decorated withlight reflection. Because of the excel pure white lead paint, serve to illus lent washing qualities of flat white trate once again the value of a white lead and oil. the original beauty of lead standard for municipal govern these walls can easily be retained for ments as well as for all other institu many years. This building is a note tions which must purchase and apply worthy example of good architecture paint at regular intervals. and beatiful paint decoration combin Erected in 1930. the city hall in ing to produce an outstanding citv Auburn. N. Y.. received its third pure hall. ' white lead paint job during the Fall Built in the years 1938 to 1940, the of 1939. Due in no small measure to West High School represents the mod the reliability of this pure white lead ern architectural trend. Despite the paint decoration, the condition and large difference in style between this the appearance of the building has building and the city hall, both enjoy been excellent at all times since com the advantages of pure white lead pletion. Interiors, likewise, are painted paint decoration. Exterior painting with pure white lead and oil, in this requirements are negligible on the case formulated to produce a flat fin high school. The entire inside of thi building with the exception of one special room is done using pure white lead paint. Since correct and efficient light reflection from walls and ceilings without harmful glare is of such im portance in school rooms, great care was exercised to see that paint of the right degree of flatness and of pleasant shade was used. The exact paint de sired was easily obtained by mixing pure white lead with oil and the ap propriate tinting colors-in-oil. The high degree of washabilitv inherent in flat white lead paint is of particular value in schools, where rapid soiling of the walls would require frequent repainting if surfaces could not be effectively and repeatedlv washed. Over and above these important physical qualities, pure white lead's universal standardization and read\ availability from practically even paint dealer greatlv simplifies munici pal paint purchasing. Auburn. City Hall decorated inside and out with white lead paint West High School features pure white lead and oil for inte rior decoration Manchester Church Features White Lead OCATED in the heart of historic L_New England, the Center Congre gational Church of Manchester, Con necticut. was founded during the stormy days of the Revolution. Since that time, five buildings have been constructed on the original site. The present church, erected in 1905, is a close replica of one of the earlier buildings, following the traditional architectural treatment. Traditional likewise is a wellplanned maintenance program featur Center Congregational Church beauti fied and protected with pure white lead paint [3] ing white lead paint. Experience has proved that pure white lead and oil alone assures beauty and continuous protection to the surface year in and year out. However long neglected, pure white lead and oil will not crack and scale or wear unevenly, elminating the necessity for costly surface preparation as well as a new priming coat when the time for redecoration finally rolls around. This is the main tenance policy which keeps annual painting costs at a minimum. In con trast, the savings of a few cents on original cost per gallon with the use of "cheap" paint is seen as false economy when subsequent costly fail ures are taken into consideration. LI A25671 Lead Statuettes and Useful Novelties Have Decorative Value Inside and Out URABILITY, malleability and a Dcomparatively low melting point -- those physical properties which are the basis for lead's usefulness in in- du stry as well as in home construction -combine to make lead a versatile medium for a wide variety of artistic II nil -Il licit mental feature: uses as well. Being readily cast in moulds, lead produces statuettes and novelties free from harsh lines with a most pleasing finish which onl\ im proves with age as the beautiful, nat ural patina gradually develops. And. being exceptionally malleable, lead is likewise readily hammered into an endless variety of ornamental and useful objects. Outstanding among the artisans: using lead as a creative medium are the Florentine Craftsmen. Inc., of New Y ork City who produce an extensive T h e r in o m e t e r s with u lead bachground are most original line of castings ranging from deli cately sculptured statuettes to ash travs. curtain pulls and thermometers. Piped for fountains, the statuettes of animals as well as children--or a pleasing combination of both--add immeasurably to most any garden or terrace setting, while the useful lead objects of rare beautv carry a dis tinction w hich is a reflection of good taste. Curtain pulls of cast lead are handy as well as decora tive Delicately sculptured lead statuettes ideally suited to any garden or terrace setting [41 LIA25672 The nineteenth ctn- tury home of Dr. J. C. Garrick in Lexington. Kv. Th e entire exte rior of this beautiful mansion is protected with pure white lead and oil tinted to a cool pearl gra\ White Lead Protects Old Southern Homes HE mental picture of tall and Tstately columns reaching two sto ries to a classic portico, and all of it brilliantly white in the strong sun light. is perhaps the most often re 1 Tallahassee. Fla., home built about 1835 In Ann Elizu Hohhic membered hallmark of the beautiful on land deeded to the mansions to be found throughout the south. State of Florida by the Federal Government, the sale of which u a* Three widely separated examples of to be used to defray this magnificent architecture are shown on this page. Although they the cost of building the State Capitol I are in Kentucky , Mississippi and Flor ida, respectively, it will be noted that they all follow the same general archi tectural form. Again and again, the traveler will come upon these fine old landmarks of the ante-bellum era as he tours through the southern states. Shaw-Nugent Mansion built about 1845 in Jackson, Mississippi deco rated with white lead paint Typical of the old south, these man sions are on a scale seldom attempted in modern home building. It is, there fore, even more fortunate that they remain in such excellent condition today. Despite the hot sun and the high humidity of the south, pure white lead paint most adequately protects these mansions against deterioration. It is more than likely that white lead and oil will continue to furnish them their gleaming white decoration for I many generations to come. White lead paint remains always elastic, eliminat ing the possibility of unsightly crack ! ing and scaling. The chemical affinity of white lead for linseed oil likewise produces a film most resistant to ad verse conditions of surface moisture. However long neglected a surface painted with pure white lead presents a homogeneous film providing a base suitable for redecoration. I THIS IS NO. 10 OF A SERIES REPRESENTATIVE OF THE MANY AMERICAN LANDMARKS IN VARIOUS SECTIONS OF THE COUNTRY THAT ARE PRESERVED FOR THE FUTURE WITH PURE WHITE IJEAD AND OIL PAINT. MANY OF THEM HAVE ALWAYS BEEN f PROTECTED WITH THIS RELIABLE MATERIAL ACCORDING TO AVAILABLE RECORDS. [51 LIA25673 BS Lead Plumbing in State and Private Construction N the heart of the beautiful south I west. the center of a great ranching area and with a climate noted as one of the healthiest in the world, is Albu querque. New Mexico's largest city. Not only is Albuquerque's climate healthy, but-its practices in plumbing sanitation can lav (iaim to the same distinction. Shown here are photo graphs of plumbing in buildings of widely different type in the Albuquer que area. In both the new Girls' and Boys' Dormitory Buildings at the University of New Mexico, all lead waste pipe has been used. Bathtubs have extra heavy lead drum traps, water closets are connected to extra-heavy lead bends, and waste pipe from tubs, drinking fountains, slop sinks, laun dry tubs and lavatories is M (Bi weight lead waste pipe. Stall showers Lead and cast-iron installation in the girls' Dormitory at the University are waterproofed with 4-lb. sheet lead pans and stack and roof drain flash ings are also sheet lead. John Gaw Meem and Hugo Zehner & Associates of Santa Fe are archi tects, and A. R. Staehlin of Albuquer que is plumbing contractor. The Gardner Addition is about three miles outside of Albuquerque and consists of small homes, yet the same quality to assure permanent sanitation has gone into the plumbing. SPECIFY rfM Or MATERIAL There are 40 houses in this develop ment of which B. Bruce Gardner is owner and developer. Water closet connections are all lead and M (Bi weight lead is being used for other fixture wastes. Jim Woods Plumbing Co. is the plumbing contractor. A large amount of white lead and oil was used for the painting. This proj ect proves once more that low' cost homes can and should have good materials. Typical lead roughing-in for lavatory wastes at the University oj New Mexico SPECIFY llM Of ^PPROV*^ MATERIAL \ specifically recommended for galvan How to Use Rust Inhibitive Red Lead Paint for ized sheeting, with a copper sulfate, the Protection of Corrodible Metal copper chloride or copper acetate so lution containing about four ounces to a gallon of water. When these solu S is well known to those experi- present a far more complicated prob A, enced in providing protection lem. As those whose responsibility it is for corrodible metals, red lead is btyo specify paint have learned often as tions have dried out thoroughly, rinse the metal with plain water, dry. and then apply the red lead as soon as far the most economical and widely the result of some costly experience, it possible to eliminate the possibility used of the several pigments exhibit is difficult at best to make paint stick of further corrosive action. ing rust inhibitive properties. With to surfaces with a glossy sheen. Con the use of red lead paint, corrosion is sequently. surface preparation plays a actually checked, small breaks or most important role in producing dur Three Coats Standard cracks in the paint film being pre able paint jobs on "coated" sheeting. Three coats are the standard speci vented from causing the gradual rust Surface preparation on tin plate fication for new work. Howev er, since ing out of an extended area by and galvanized iron is primarily a structural steel should invariably be moisture seepage under the protective matter of cutting the glossy sheen to primed with red lead before delivery, coating. What is equally important, provide "teeth" for a firm bond be two coats on the job usually suffice for red lead in combining chemically with tween the paint film and the metal. this type of work. linseed oil forms a firm, pliable, even- Unless these smooth, "oily" surfaces In any case, on old work, where the If wearing film, which exhibits unsur are roughened, the adhesion of paint is original paint is still in good condi passed affinity for metal. The combin all but impossible. Roughness is com tion, two coats are adequate for re ation of these properties makes red monly produced by weathering, or. painting. lead the most popular coating for the when time is pressing, by the applica To produce the darker colored fin protection of metal, as well as indis tion of a wash which artificially re ishes, the body and finish red lead ( pensable for the "difficult", poor duces the glossy surface. coats are tinted directly with colors-in anchorage surfaces resulting from the oil. galvanizing and plating processes. Weathering Provides Anchorage For decorative finishes on the lighter side, topcoats of white lead and Uncoated Iron and Steel The weathering of tin plate should oil are applied over the red lead The protection of uncoated iron and proceed for from two to six weeks de primer based on the established for steel offers few problems as a rule, pending upon moisture conditions, mulas for exterior wood. The com insomuch as scraping or wire-brush while six months is generally required bination of white lead paint over a ing invariably suffices to remove loose before galvanized iron is sufficiently priming coat of red lead assures the rust and dirt providing a firm founda corroded to provide anchorage assur same beautiful, durable finish which tion for the red lead primer. How ing the firm adhesion of paint. In has made pure white lead and oil the ever, in advanced cases of corrosion either case, when corrosion has pro standard protection for surfaces other --which is the inevitable result of ceeded far enough, loose rust should than metal. continued neglect--crude or spent be removed by scraping or brushing lubricating oil proves useful to loosen the rust, expediting the cleansing process. With this treatment be cer tain to remove all oil remaining fol lowing the use of the brush and scraper by wiping with gasoline and a water wash, as the presence of an oil film prevents the adhesion of paint. Treatment for "Oily" Surfaces similar to that employed in the clean ing of uncoated iron or steel, leaving only that roughness which adheres firmly to the surface. "ArtificiaP' Wash Saves Time Since weathering is an extended operation and immediate painting is often desirable, roughness can be suc Back-priming Gives Security Back-priming of metal before in stallation is a most advisable precau tion. Since the sheets may be soldered in place before the paint has set, little time is lost in providing this added security. Back-priming guards against corrosion due to moisture seepage as well as from the condensation of in The smooth, somewhat "oily" sur cessfully produced artificially with a terior humidity often enhanced by faces of tin plate and galvanized iron four percent acetic acid wash, or, as is inadequate ventilation. [7] LIA25675 Lead flaskets Assure Tight Joints for Saddle-Type Water Meters EAD'S softness, impermeability. L flexibility and durability combine to make it an extremely useful gasket material in a wide variety of applica tions. Because it is soft, it fills the joint completely, taking up all irregu larities. when the two joined parts are drawn up tight. Its flexibility permits it to be fitted to curved or irregularly shaped surfaces as well as flat sur faces. Its impermeability prevents any leakage through the gasket itself. Last but not least, it is highly resistant to attack and deterioration not only by water and air but by many corrosive chemicals like sulphuric acid. A good example of lead's use as a gasket material, but only one of hundreds that might be cited, is in the main-line saddie-tvpe meters made by H. W. Sparling of Los Angeles. These meters fit over the curved wall of the pipe. To make a water-tight fit a lead gasket is placed around the opening in the pipe wall and a saddle having a curved bottom to fit the pipe is mounted over this gasket. The sad dle has a flat upper surface to which the cover plate and meter are attached. Thus the manufacturer of these meters provides a permanently water tight connection between the saddle Section oj sparling saddle-type meter with lead gasket between pipe and saddle and pipe. He has recognized that gaskets, although a minor part, plav an important role in the proper func tioning of the equipment. The following articles and reprints contain information, drawings and specifications on the use of lead products helpful to architects, engineers and others in the construction industry. They are available, free of charge, upon request to the Lead Industries Association, 420 Lexington Avenue, New York City. WHAT TO EXPECT FROM WHITE LEAD PAINT An attractive 28-page booklet with charts, formulas, and mix ing instructions covering some of the problems of painting and how white lead meets these problems. PAINTING YOUR HOME by Dr. F. L. Browne, Senior Chemist, Forests Products Laboratory, Madison, Wise. A discussion of house painting reprinted from American For ests, May, 1939. SOME PAINTING PROBLEMS AND THE ANSWERS By Dr. F. L. Browne, Senior Chemist, Forests Prod ucts Laboratory, Madison, Wise. Reprinted from the National Real Estate Journal, Sept., 1939. STAMFORD'S DOUBLE LIFETIME HOME A complete analysis of hard lead flashing, white lead paint, lead plumbing, plywood and red cedar Certigrade shingle details and installation methods. Reprinted from the American Builder, July, 1939 SHEET LEAD INSTALLATION DETAILS A detailed analysis of the principles and application of lead flashing and sheet lead work for small homes. Reprinted from Sheet Metal Worker, June, 1939. BRUSH UP ON YOUR PAINTING A practical article on the selection and application of pami reprinted from House Beautiful, June, 1941. LASTING LEADWORK IN MODERN PLUMBING By T. N. Thompson, Technical Editor, Plumbing and Heating Journal. Reprinted from Plumbing and Heating Journal, Feb., 1939. HOW LUMBER AND PAINT KEEP YOUR HOME ALWAYS IN STYLE A brief digest of the advantages of painted lumber homes with color-styling suggestions and other interesting information. * COMMERCIAL STANDARDS: Calking Lead, CS94-41 Lead Pipe, CS95-41 Lead Traps and Bends, CS96-41 Official publications by the Government Printing Office of the above Commercial Standards as promulgated by the U. S. Depart ment of Commerce through the National Bureau of Standard?*, effective June 25, 1941 NEW SIMPLIFIED STANDARD FOR LEAD TRAPS AND BENDS File size leaflet with new standards for lead traps and bends as well as existing standards for lead pipe and calking lead, and other informative data. UPON REQUEST. THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL "LEAP" REGULARLY, FREE OF CHARGE. TO THOSE INTERESTED, AND WILL COOPERATE WITHOUT OBLIGATION IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS * Not previously listed. 155 PRINTED IN U. S. A. RY PUBLISHERS PRINTING COMPANY NEW YORK CITY Llhl*>blb