Document jgJBGj6D0poX6ErDOZ6YQN91R

188 CHAPTER 10 1949 Guide' Tablet6. Approximate Limits op Flammability of Single Gases anU Vapors In Air at Ordinary Temperatures and-Pressures* Gas os Vapor Acetaldehyde.____ Acetone...._______ Acetylene**______ Ally! alcohol_____ Ammonia.._______ Amyl alcohol____ Amyl chloride___ Amylene-- Benzene (benzol).. Benzyl chloride__ ButaneTM Butyl acetate__ Butyl alcohol.. Butylene.... Carbon disulfideTM Carbon monoxideTM Crotonaldehyde__ Cyclohexane-TM___ Cyclopropane_____ Decane-.__ _______ Dichloroethylene (1, 2) Diethyl selenide_______ Dioxan________________ Ethane. Ether (diethyl). Ethyl acetate______ Ethyl alcohol______ Ethyl bromide_____ Ethyl cellosolve___ Ethyl chloride-____ Ethylene....... ........... Ethylene dichloride Ethyl formate_____ Ethyl nitrite_______ Ethylene oxide____ Furfural (125 C)__ Gasoline_______ -__ Heptane---------------Hexane____________ Hydrogen cyanide... Hydrogen_________ Hydrogen sulfide__, Illuminating gas.___ Iso-butyl alcohol__ Iso-pentane_______ Iso-propyl acetate... Iso-propyl alcohol.. Methaneb._________ Lowes Loot Pee cent by . Volume 4.0 2.1 2.5 2.4 16.0 1.2 1.4, T.6 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.0 12.5 2.1 1.3 2.4 0.67 9.7 2.5 2.0 3.1 1.7 2.2 3.3 6.7 2.6 3.6 3:0 6.2 2.7 3.0 3.0 2.1 1.3 1.0 1.2 5.6 4.1 4.3 5.3 1.7 1.3 1.8 2.5 5.0 Upper Limit Per cent by Volume 57 13.0 80 *2776 8.0 8.5 15.0 ~<rb 50 74 15.5 8.4 10.3 .2.6 12.8 "22.2 15.0' 48.0 11.5 19.0 11.3 15.7 14.8 34.0 15.9 16.5 "80. 6.5 6.0 6.9 40.0 74 45.5 31.0 7.8 15.0 Closed Cup Flash Point F Dbgo --1o7 "To 91 12 140 -76 72 84 --22 115 140 -50 25 -7 0 82 43 53 * Adapted frcm: Limits of Inflammability <*f Gesssand Vapors, by K. F. Coward and G. W. Jones (U. 8. Bureau of Mines, Bulletin No. 279, 1939); Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases and Solids (Associated Factory Mutual Fire Ins. Cos., January, 1940); and National Fire Codes for Flammable Liquids, GaMa, Chemicals and Explosives--1945 {National Fire Protiction Association). " " Turbulent mixture. c Closed cup refsib to the equipment used in flash point determinations. Air Contaminants 189. - SjppraTTMATls I.TMTTK OF'Fl.AMMami.ITT OF SlNOLB GASBS AND VAPORS Table 0^ ^ AT OrdinaryTemperatures and Pressures" (Continued) Gas*or Vapor Methyl acetate;------Methyl alcohol-------Methyl bromide. Methyl butyl ketoneMethyl chloride-------- Methyl cyclohexane.-- Methyl ethyl ether.----Methyl ethyl ketone-- Methyl formate.....-----Methyl propyl ketone- Natural gas.--..--------Naphtha (benzine)------Naphthalene---------- --- Nonane----------- ---------Octane------------------------ Paraldehyde......-- Pentane-----------------------Propane.----------------------Propyl acetate....... ...... -- Propyl alcohol-.......... -- Propylene------------------Propylene dichloride---------Propylene oxide----------------Pyridine (70 C)----------------Toluene (toluol)---------------- Turpentine-----------------------Vinyl ether----- ----------------Vinyl chloride.---- :-------------Water gas (variable)---------Xylene (xylol)-:---------------- VOLUME 3.1 6.0 13.5 1.2 8.0 1.1 2.0 1.8 5.0 1.5 4.8 1.1 0.9 0.74 0.84 1.3 1.4 2.4 1.8 2.5 2.0 3.4 2.1 1.8 1.3 0.8 1.7 4.0 6.0 1.0 Upper Limit . Per cent by Volume 15.5 . 36.5 14.5 . 8.0 19.7 10A . 11.5 22.7 8.2 13.5 6.0 2.9 3.2 8.0 9.5 8.0 -- 11.1 14.5 21.5 12.4 7.0 27.6 22.0 70 6.0 Closed Cup Flash Point ` - F Deco 15 54 _______ -- 25 -35 30 -2 ~~ 20-45 174 88 56 _______ _______ 58 . 59 ' 59 68 40 95 -- _______ ..._____ 63 vestigators frequently experience difficulty in obtaining dust suspensions of uniform dispersion, and this should be kept in mind when comparing results from several sources14. Minimum explosive concentrations of airborne dusts already tested range from 0.01 to 0.5 oz per cubic foot, or 10 to 500 grains per cubic meter of air. Maximum pressures generated have been reported as high as 500 psi,, although they are more likely to be of the' order of 50 psi. Investiga tions on the flammable characteristics of dusts are currently made at 0.1 and 0.5 oz per cubic foot16-*1. ATMOSPHERIC POLLEN Properties of pollen grains discharged by weeds, grasses and trees and responsible for hay fever are of special interest to designers of air cleaning equipment (see Allergic Disorders in Chapter 13, and Air. Cleaning Devices, Chapter 33)'. Whole grains arid fragments transported by the air range chiefly between 10 and 50 microns in size, but some have been measured as small as 5 microns and others over 100 microns in diaineter. Ragweed , pollen grains are fairly uniform in size within the range.of 15 to 25 microns.' Pollen grains can be removed from the air more readily than the particles