Document jN8rJ7j1momkVpwEq93Y3gNpQ

SSTTAATTEE OOFF CCAALLIIFFOORRNNIIAA EARL WARREN Governor | FFIIEELLDD IINNVVEESSTTIIGGAATTIIOONN | OOFF WWAASSTTEE WWAATTEERR RREECCLLAAMMAATTIIOONN IINN RREELLAATTIIOONN TTOO | GGRROOUUNNDD WWAATTEERR PPOOLLLLUUTTIIOONN Ei (rene 11995533 SSTTAATTEE WWAATTEERR PPOOLLLLUUTTIIOONN CCOONNTTRROOLL BBOOAARRDD SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA SWPCB Publication, No. 6 11001122..00000011 Exhibit 11001122 State of Minnesota v. 3M Co., Court File No. 27-CV-10-28862 10101122..00000022 - : TD i 2 C3 FOREWORD na, FOREWORD in TIgnnroaawnnthaarraeeanadssuudccehhveaalssopCCmaaellniiftfoo,rrntnihiaea,,pwwoshhseierbrieeliwwtaiaettseerrofbbeewccaoosmmteeesswaaatlleiirmmiritteiicnnlggamffaaatccittooonrr tatianakkkgeenroooowwnnletsshdppgeeacecniidaoalfldtsseiihvggenenilkioffiiipcncmadanneoccnefet..,efAAtfhlfletuthehpnootouusgtgshhhiabtssilaaictnnaiieinttsaabrroeyyf pweernnoaggsdiitunneceeweeerdrasstbehhyraavvrweeeacslaataccemqqtuuaritieirraoeetndd- emamfefkenfnntuto,e,wntmmleufudoccgrhheiroiirnfnifftgohoarrtemimkoaantitniiaodonnnodfiissfeofssrfttliiulrllleencnntheeateehrddgaeeitddncgaoonnunnbttdehheeerpgruuorssdoeeuuoconfefddttwrrbaeeytaaetwtm rmaeebsnnattestitnpprslelaaabntny-t mmtehfeefealaunnfessonltlooffofowsrsippnirgrreeriapa~dadagiintenigsgonippsooantnnhdddess froooerrrsuriilnentcjjeehoccafttriigoaoinnnfgiwweelueldllnlssdi..nevTrTeghhsreteoiugrraneetpdpiooorwrnttaotccenoornnotbtnaaaeiisnnipneehdsdabsiineyn cotohfhfeattrhfhgoeeellppobrrwyooibbsnllpgeermempaadoogiffensgww.aiasssttteehewwarateteseurrltrreeoccfllaaammfaaitetliidoonni---n-tvthheaastttigooafftiuounnnddoeenrrggorronoueunn~ddpharrseee-- chTahrgies binyvessptriegaadtiinogn.was commenced in February, 1950, when the State | DDofeeTptpahhaerirsttUmmi.neevnSn.tetsPtooiufgfbalPPtiiuucobbnlHliiewccaalHHstehecaaolSlmtethhrmvwwiecnaaecsseadddseeistsnhiigegFnneCaaabttlereiuddfaobrbryyyn,itta:h[h9e"e5s0tSS,auuwtrreggheeewoonannttehGGreeepnSnoelteralratuael-l | otifotnheagUen. cSy."?PufborlicthHe epaulrthpoSseersviocfetahse tFheedeCraallifoWrantiaer"sPtoaltleutwioanterCopnotlrloul- | tAOAifcoctnta ((afPPgeuudebbenlrlciiacycl"LLgaafrowwarn88tt4h45f5e,o, rp88u00rrttephhsoeCCsaeorosncnghgorrfeiesnstshs)t)eheaaFnnefdddi,,eelaardssalossfuuWccwhha,a,ttebbereerccPaapommolleelluuttthtihioeeonnrr.eeCccioiUppnsiitieernonngtlt ++ ofofufufnnCaddasslfiefffdroroerormnmailatthghfiiorssranggatrrfaafinnoetltr,,d rittehnhsveeeeasddtreecipphgaaatrriitntmomnteehnanetnt dfcciooernlnedtstrreaoaacfcrttcewehddaotwnweiriwtthhapsotttlhheleuewtiaUUotnnnei.ivrveUerrersssciilinttaygy- * mmoafatCtiiooannlifaaonnrnddiauuttfiiollirizzaaattfiiioeonlnd iiinnnvrreeesllataittgiiaootnniottnoo, underground water pollution. and research on waste water recla- underground water pollution. J ignIIannteM Mdaarraccshh,,th11e99551"1`,,stttahhteee SSwttaaattteeer W WpaoatltelerurtiPPooonlllluuatgtiieoonnncyCC'o'onntftrororoll tBBhoeoaaprruddrpwwoaasssesddeeossf-- iPPugununbdbalelitireccdtLLheaaawsswpto88hn44es55,o,r"aassnnhtaiddptetthohfeewtwwahateaesssrttteeaptwwoealabltutoeetarirrodrrneeuccnallatgaimemlanaitcttiiysoo"cnnomsfsopttulrudedtytyhieowwnaapssounccrpooJnonutstniienensuu3eeo0dd,f 1u9b159on25ad2.re.dr Flta~houoeltllhlsooopwwroiiinnnzsgegodrsssuiuhtbbsimpmipioussbfssliitoihocnneatsooitffaotnttehhaebenodffaiirnnddaaillustnrrreteiipbpluooitrtristtoncbb.oyymttphhleeetiuuonnniivvoeenrrssJiiuttyyn,,e tt3hh0ee, | boTarhde aiunvtheostriizgeatdiointswpausblciocnadtiuocnteadndbyditshteribunuitivoenrs.ity's Sanitary Engi- | J nGnoeeteTearrhsiiensn,ggianRRnveeedsssetetihaagerraccithhinovPnPesrrtowoijjgaeeasccttticvouuennnwdddoueercrrktettdwhhaeebsydddiiotrrhneeeeccttpiuioroninnnivcooieffprasPPlitrlryooy'ffsbeeyssSssMaoornrr.itHHAaarrayrnrooolEllddndgEBBi..-. 13GGreoetanabse, arngdotfhteheinpvreosjteigctatsitvaeffw. Tohrkewsiatse dcohnoesepnrifnocripthaellsytbuydyMwra. sAardnjoalcdenEt.. 2~5GtotroofetetthhhneeebCeCLiroitgtdyyiooofCffithtLLeyoodpCdiroi'o'ussjnesscceeitwwlsaatagagnfeefd.ttrTrweheiataethtmsmiteetehnnettchapposllssaaeinnnsttt..faonTTcrhhetrrhoooefuugsgMthhru.dtthyhIeeIw.ccaDoos.ooappdWeeerjralaacltteiieoronn,nt &{7 oCtChifietttyyhcieMMtayLan'nsoaagdtgeirereCr,a,ittaamynneddnCtoM Mpurlr.n.acnAAitlrrtvathhenuurdrerwHHmeiaetchdckkeetenhanlevalaaiaiibbsllslaeeib,s,lteaCCnitictotyyetEEhoenfnggui]ni~nnireve.eeerrIr,st,.ifftaDaycc..iillW iittiieeelssleoorff, theAsciotyut'slitrneeadtminemnotrpeladnettawilerienmthaedepraevfaaiclaebtloe ttohethreepuornti,vetrhsiistyi.nvestiga- ttpiiooosAnneswwoofaaussdtelmmitnaeaedrddemeiinn((ioomnnngossrrppeaeetccdeiisaealtloallfyyilpppeinrrreectppohlaaearrteepiddroenttfeeatsschtterppotlluooogttthssh))edippfrrrfeiiepmmroaearrnrtti,illsytyohiifflsoso,rrinottvhpheetesitppimguuurarm--- spsipnporrsteeehaaoeddfiinwdnaggestteppeeremrriwioioanddtsiesn,,rg,eerxxcatthteeeannsnttgoooefffspppeieernncneometlitrarnaateittoriionaonlnthooarffnodum mgiionhnreegdrraaiafnllfiecaarnnecnddhtaoorsrraoggciltaasenn,riioiccsptm mtiiamcatsttuteeomfrr | sibbnpoortththehaessdooiiwinllgaaasontnepdderwwwaaatatsiseottrnee,s.wwcahatatenerrg,,esddeeiggnrreemee ioonfferttarrleeaaatntmmdeennottrgnnaeenccieecsssscaarhryya,,raaacnnteddriccsootisscttsss ooofff spreading operations. || spoAAnllsttohhroosuuhggihhp ttahhneediinndvvieresestctiitggiaaotntiiooonnf rrteehppeoorrSttteeaddtehheeDrreeeiipnnarwwtaamssencctoonnoddfuuccPttueebddliuucnnddHeeerraltththehe aosapnmnodmdnettsnhohdeerasthSSititpaaottneeasnW WgdaiatvdteeeinrrreciPPntooiloltllnhuuettoiiorfoennpthoCCreootnnStatrtrraooetlletBBhDoooasaeerrpddao,,frtttmhthheeeenccrtooennosccefllauuPrssciiuohobnnlcssiocnaatnnHrddaecatrreoletrcch.-- | aaonnmddmddeoondnnaoottitorrneesfflleegccittveoonppiiinnniiootnnhsse oorrrepppooolrliitcciiaeersse ootffhotthsheee contracting agencies. of the research contractor contracting agencies. 372155 +~[- @(3) = 11001122..00000033 1012.0004 | FFIINNAALL RREEPPOORRTT | OONN | FIIEELLDD IINNVVESTIIGGATIIOON AANNDD RREESSEEAARRCCHH OONN WWAASSTTEE WWAATTEERR RECLAMMAATTIIOON AANNDD UUTTIILLIIZZAATTIIOONN IINN RREELLAATTIIOONN TTOO UNDERGROUND WWAATTEERR PPOOLLLLUUTTIIOONN andproparfeodr CCoonndduucctteedd aatt LLooddii,, CCaaliliffoorrnniiaa and prepared for SSTTAATTEE OOFF CCAALLIIFFOORRNNIIAA SSTTAATTEE WWAATTEERR PPOOLLLLUUTTIIOONN CCOONNTTRROOLL BOARD BOARD STANDARD SERVICE AGREEMENT No. 14 A-I BByy UUNNIIVVEERRSSIITTYY OOFF CCAALLIIFFOORRNNIIAA SSAANNIITTAARRYY EENNGGIINNEEEERRIINNGG RREESSEEAARRCCHH PPRROOJJEECCTT BBEERRKKEELLEEYY,, CCAALLIIFFOORRNNIIAA JJuunnee,, 11995522 i 11001122..00000055 1012.000 \ 1012.0006 A AETIER OF TRRRNENTIR SOMNUTARY TNGUNERRONG Wess! T/ITERSITY OF CO KIATORIEIA,RicToie AZO) Hou AGT Swe, Rae Slate Water Polation Control Board 305 Pinancial Budlding 91 Went Breet SRacramento, Saiforie QUINTLEMER: 11 2teordunes Wi pebween Whe Sate Water Raat Ne University oF Gabler ATAA Investigation and We Tiiiizm Raeltatietoo n be ng Whe penedMaren, WHF We hhete Wak ep Ae coniract haveheer Xo be earned of Rae Ani SH, Some Sw five Lye) pert TRASrakion av Tas heen 20d Whe Sw we A [ne COON 101122..00007 11001122..00000088 PPRREEFFAACCEE OrganizationofStudy OrgTahneiziantivoenstoifgSattuidoyn of waste water reclamation in relation to ground wnweaaetTtreehirrengppionolRvlleleuussttetiiioaogrnnacthhhioeerPnrereioionnjfercrwetepapsoootfrrettetewdhdeawwtUeaanrssirvcceeoocrnnlsaddimutucycattteeioodfdnCbbaiyynlittfhrhoeeerlnaiSStaiaao,nnniiDtttuaaorrryyignrEEgonnugtgnihid-e- nlTt~iheiseesecraiaSnlltgaYYteeeRaaerrDsee11pa99ar44cr99h-t-55m0P0ernaaotnnjddeocttfthheeoPufffbiirrtlsshittecnnUiiHnneneeaivlmmteoohrnnstitwthhyasssooofffdettChsheieaglFFinfiaiosstrccenaadilla.YY"seDetaaaurrtrei11n99gw55a00t-t-h5e51er1 | pPtp8Phoo(oolleallllll)uuuuSttttoitiiioafoootnnnnethaaeCCDggoaoeeencnnnpttt,ccraroyyrottl'"lhmeAAooefcdfnctettCCpaaao((llPrfPiituffuPobomblrruelnniinbcicitlaaicLeLffnaaootHwrrweerttahe88hldee44t5h5pip))nu.u.wtrroppTIanonsocsosendaeatscscerccsaoooiogfcfrrtnddtstaaahhtnneweeccideeFFtehe"wwddsiteiethtrtarhehaatleRlSSeW Weegwaccettataneiittotroeens:nrr. oos8fuf(pap)tfhoheeroftUUtwnhnaieisvvteaeercrstsw,iiatttytyheeroodffreeCCpcaalalarliitmffmaootrerinnnoiitnaaesnuuttnnuedddrieeeerdrs iwbwnhyhtioitcchhhceoUnffnuutirnnavddcessrtsswwiwteeyrir.teeh tphreovRiedgedenttso provided to dsuespOOipnngonraMMttawearrdaccsahhtse33tw00h,,eat1"1e9s9r5t5r1a1e,t,celttahwhmeaetaeSStirttoaanptteoesltl~WuuVadttiiaeoetsenrrbayPgPoeotlhnlllceuuyttU.iio"nonniTvheCCirososninttbytror.ooalrl dBBcoooaanrrtddinwvuaeasds ttvdhhieeedsiegppdnoolalaiitcnceyydaooadffsdisstthuuieppoppn"oaosrlrtttaiigtnnerggawnrrteaestseoeefraarrpccPohhulblooulnniticowwnaLassaattgeweenww8caa4ytt5.ee'~rrfTrrueenhccdillssaambmtoaaotatiirosdonuncpopaaonnnrddtitnppurtreoohd-e- Bv~P.rirdooTTjejGehhdeo~eectcattassanttuusuunn,dtdatiyyiCdllhdwwiiaittatasisissrottmenmmeararamanlmdd,iieegnnDarauuiattnnviinodidotnseneirroooofnnatthhPJJoeeufuuggnnbCeeeelinincve33ei0r0rl,aL,all11aE99wndd55gii22rri.e8c.nc4eet5teiiorofninunnoogfdf saPPnrrtdoooffeeIsssrussrooiprgrpaoHHtriaatorrnoothllodedf ]tt~hh.ee GUUnonitavivaeesr,srsiCittyyh..aiVVrmiinnattnoo,nn DW Wi.v. isBBiaoaccnoonno,,f aCsivAsilsiEstnagnitneDeirriencgtoarnodf as Assistant Director of ItrhreigSaatniiotnaryo.f the Sanitary EiV~.~nn.acagcegeiSpiptntnoteiieneooeernn,r,i,inwnwwgghiiottRRhhleeasttstheheeeaearrraasccssuhhssciicPPsserttraeooanjdnjeceeccedectt,Mo,orffdd.DDeervvBr.eea.llcoJJooepepnrereoddoammsaaeeannsdFFds.i..sggTTtuuahhiinododtmemeadddaissr,tt,ehhceaeatonnrssdd.ttuuRRPddraayyoyyfmmaaettososnniiottddsrs VHHJoa.airrnSvyiteenoygynetI,Fh.w.ehLLsouutdadlfawwftieioggrfsddutiihcrreeceeccUetted.eddedS.aaMcPcroou.nbnBslsiiiaddcceeorrHnaaebbaalllseetaphpsoosrrSitsteiitroaovnnnitceood.ffirttTehhhceetroowwru.oogrPrhkkrooubbfteeefsfosotorrheeer joining the staff of the f~fioinaraallteheieigghhctteoeenned1nucmmtoonnotfthhssthooeff fttUhihee.eldssStt.wuuodPdryyukb.AAlrirTcnnhooHellddefaiEEnl.ta.hlGGrrSreeeepeerovnnribbctecerr.wggaTswwhaarpssorurreeegpsshapproooeunndstsiitbbfhloleeer fPPou~brbllitihccaeattiicooonnndbbuyyctMMror.f. tGGhrereeeefinnebbldeerrwgg owwrkiit.thhThtthheeefieenddaiilttoorrreiipaalloraatsssswiisasttsaannpccreeepooaffrePPd.. fHo.r H. M~eIGcaGuahueheyy,, AAssssiissttaanntt DDiirreeccttoorr.. PPuurprosepoofofSStstuudedyy meTnhthee(ppNuour,rpp1oo4ss7ee2)ooffbttehhteewppereroonjjetechctet aSasstassteeett Dffoeorrpttahhrtiinnmetthnheet SSofttaaPnnuddbalarirddc HSSeeearrlvviticchee aAAngdgrreteehe-e- Rrlae~angeedegnnetants(tsNsocooof.fn1ttthi4hen7eu2UUe)ndnibiveiventewrrsSseitiettanyyntodohfaferCCSdaaltlaSiietfferoovrrDinnciieaeapauuArnngtddmreeeerrenmddtaeaotntefetPooNuffobFF.leeicbb1r4rHuuAega-arrl1yyth1w144ia,,tnh1d199tt55hh00ee,,, S~taadteasWacotnetrinPuoeldluitnioSntaCnondtarrodl SBeoravricde, AwagsreaesmfeonltloNwos.: 14 ~-1 with the Stasptee""cFFi~aoVolrlraytettprhhreePeopppalelerurretffdiooorsrnmmmaaaClnnolccueettersoootlffpBllloaaotbbsaoorirdrnaa,ttooworrrdayyesraaatsnnoddfdoeflftliioeeelwlrddmsi:iinnnevveetsshtteiiggfaaottliilooonnwssinoognn spe((c11i))allRdRyiaaftptfeereeroopeffnatrppeeesdroriccsloomlltaaayttlpiiloeotnsnesoodtffupriilnoinddtnsugusistnstrrpioiraareldlaewwdraiastnsotgteedoeaaptnneeddrramssteiienwowenaasggt;heeeeefffoffllluluoeenwnttissnoognn.-" (2) Odipftfeirmenutmsosiplretyapdiensgdaunridngressptirnegadpinergioodpsetraotioobntsa;in maximum (2) (8) rErOaaxpttteeteissmnootuffmappneerdsrccpoodrleelaagattrdiioeionenng;;toanwdhircehstminignerpaelrioadnsd to obtain maximum organic matter (in- (3) (4) cEcCllhxuuatddeniingnnetggsabbniaadcncttedemreiriignaaer))ereaiilnntoatthhnweedhiwwcoahratgteeamrrniinwwceiilrlclalhlappraeeannncedtetetrrroiaarsttgteeaincddsiiicfffofmeferraeebtnnotttetrhssoo(isiilolnssi-;l; (4) aaCnnhddanwwgaeatsteerirnaatmt iddniieffffreaerrleennattndddeeopprttghhassniddcuurrciihnnaggrappceeterrcrciooslltaaicttiisoonno;;f both soil (90)) 11001122..00000099 I| 4 I 1100 i" W `WAASSTTEE W WAATTEERR RREECCIL~AA]M~AIATTIIOOIN~ 3 I ((55)) aDDgeeeggrrteeoeeobootffaittrnreesaaattmtmiesefnnattctnnoeerccyeesspsseaarrrcyyolfafotorironiinnrddauutseststrr,iiaapllrowwtaeascstttieeon and a cucaogonnedntettaarommgiroinnobaauttatniiidononnwsaaaattnniesddrfasnncuuutoipissrpayalnny;ccpeeessrco((oloaddtooirorssn,, reeatttcee..s)), aapnnroddtepcrtoiofencti ((66)) uCConosdstteroogffrossppurrneedaaddwiinnaggt,e,raasssuffpaaprrlyaa;ss tthhiiss iiss iinncciiddeennttaall ttoo research AAcckknnoowwlleeddggmmeennttss andTThhceeouPPnrrsooejjleecchtteliisspeiidnnddmeeabbktteeedd ttthooennsuutmmuederyrooupuossssiiinnbddleiiv.viidGduruaaaltlssefwwuhlhoosasceeknllaoabwbolre,dgmady iiassndmmaacddoeeunttsooelPPhrroeoflfpeeessdssoormrssakW WeilitlfhfrreeeddstuFF.d..yLLpaanongsgeseilbilileeerr.,, GEErrrammteaafunnl AA.. Pearson, ooBoBfffeertrttnnhhheaeaerrSddsstttauAAutd.de.yyTHT;;eeebabtfoblobeteFFnhnsrsrDaaffennoopkkrrartMMhth.eme.ieirSnStttiiede,daaeadadnsdaaannntdddo TEEa.dddvvRwwi.iacareSrddittmhhpArAros.o.uoungRRgeheaioinnnuudkktteeottahthanheneddrdusor.etofh AADDoirfirvtvttihhihssuueiiorroSnntHHaeootecffeckkW eWHenaelnataalteailetirbrhblleRReD,e,eessCCpooiuauitrtrryytccmeesEEsennnffgtgoo,iirrnnaeneaaesedsrssriitsosoottfafTann.ttcchhReeee. iiSnCCniiimtptpyyllpaasnoonoffnnniiTLnanogongddditti,h,hoeetffhooserrtrusdhyi ovoappleeurraaabttliioeonn;a;dvaainncdde.ttoo DDrr.. PPa~uull RR.. DDaayy,, PPrrooffeessssoorr ooff SSooiill PPhhyyssiiccss,, fo;r h wvoaArAlukccaekkbdnnleooowwnalldetevdhdieggcmemi.enenvnettstiiissgaaatllssiooonmmaaandddee worked on the investigation and tthtthooee mmrreeeeppmmoobrbretter;;rsseessooppffeeccittihahaleelllyyPP,,rrooGGjjoeeeorccrtgtgeestaflB]~.. B LFJFJooorrdhahainnnnkkS!M~e.OOI.x..SaSDtDgteeoeowwuuaPgarglhrthatt,,tnyytW,W,ioCCliplolleoinirnasaamsttmtoaarDnnDsc.c.,eeW `WWKKaararrelrehddhdo,,ooffAAfnf,r,rnLnaa.oonnllKdddlaM JMJf..afarHkHrgeogoafafraffrenmemtdtaannCCA,,alatRvRthhiaacncyyaaCrrBB,t.t;. Karnodn Tum Lodi.Sewage Plant operators, Waldon L. Klaffke and Alvin C. 11001122..00001100 TTAABBLLEE OOFF CCOONNTTEENNTTSS oo ~age TFFoOrreOwWoOrrdd .c..m ...o ...n..m..m.m..m.m.m.m.m.m.m..m..m...mm.m..m.m.m......m ...m..m..... 33 Netter of Tramiel teen Letter of Transmittal.....................'-.................. 7 PPrreeffaaccee .-- ..m.e .m.m.m.m.m..m.mm.m.m..m..m.m.m..m..m..m...m.m.m..m.m..m.m.m....m.m..m..m ...m.. 99 LLiisstt ooff TTaabblleess .......m..m.m...m.o.o..m.o..o..m.m.m..m.m..mm....m.m.m..m.m.m......m.m. 1122 LLiisstt ooff F Figi ureg s ..u..r ...e --...s ..o...o..m...........c .....o ....o.em .m.m ...m.m .m ... 1133 SSuummmmaarryy aanndd CCOoNnEcIlUuSsIiOoNnSs .o..o..o..o ..........o ..........m ......... 1155 IInNtErroOdAuUcEtHioOnN .....m.m.m....m..m.m..m..m..m.m.m.........m..m..m..m.m..m..m.m..m. 117 Site for the Field Spreading Study = 1818 Site for the Field Spreading Study ............................. Construction of Field Spreading Basins 25 Construction of Field Spreading Basins ........................ 25 Fxperimental Procedures ooo 3434 Experimental Procedures .................................... RS re MILete t n 236 Results .................................................... 1 Bacteriological Analyssleson si 88 1. Bacteriological Analyses ................................ 36 22.. CChheemmicicaall AAnnaallyysseess eee ..................................... 3399 Tren Rast are eo ELC 0 33.. PPeerrccoollaattiioonn RRaattee AAnnaallyysseess .e ...............e ............... 4466 66 4. Tracer Studies ......................................... 55.. SSttuuddiieess ooff SSooiill OOrrggaanniicc M Maatttteerr .e .....m ......m .....e ......e ..... 6699 66.. SSttuuddiieess ooff N Nuuisaincs es .a..n..e ...e..s.._.._ ..._.._.._ ..._.._.._....e..m .. 6699 DDiissccuussssiioonn e ......w ....................d ........n ........t ........ 713) AAQdAdEenNdAuUmM o..e..m.e ....e ....e .....e ..........e ...........n .......... 7i7 Selortodl eterno oC to 8585 ASpelpeecnteddixR"efAe"r'en'c--eTshe..S.p.r.e.a.d.i.n.g..S.it.e..a.t.T.o.d.i.,..C..a.l..i..f..o.r..n..i..a. 8877 Appendix "A"--The Spreading Site at Lodi, California ......... Appendix "B"--Outline of Methods of Analysis ------------------------- 100 Appendix "B "--Outline of Methods of Analysis ................ 100 | AAppppeennddiixx ""C"C'*'----GGeenneerraall Bibliography-- nnn Bibliography ....................... 104 .104 | Appenix "Porous Tube SamplingDevice---------------------- 112 Appendix "D "--Porous Tube Sampling Device ................. 112 (a1) 11001122..00001111 ERI R yrs - gh LIST OF TABLES a Table. 1. Sites In Table LIST OF TABLES Ep~ vestigated for Field SpreadingStudy___________ 1. Sites Investigated for Field Spreading Study............................ 19 22.. VVaarriiaattiioonnss ooff EEffffeeccttiivvee SSiizzee aanndd UUnniiffoorrmmiittyy CCooeeffliiicciieeuntt WWiitthh DDeepptthh iinn FFoour ur Pe AA Spreading Basins, Lodi, California ...................................... 21 i 33.. FFrraaccttiioonnss ooff CCllaayy,,SSiilltt aanndd SSaanndd aatt DDiiffffeerreenntt DDeepptthhss iinn FFoouurr SSpprreeaaddiinngg BBasainssi,ns, Lodi, California ..................................................... 28 4. Permeabiliotfy Surface Sal Cores in Four Spreading Basins, Loti, California 4. Permeability of Surface Soil Cores in Fear Spreading Basins, Lodi, California 2't 5 Tase Exchange ComopflSueefasce Soi in Syreading Basin, Lo, California 5. Base Exchange Complex of Surface Soils in Spre~ding Basins, Lodi, California 24 . Operating Schedule of Spreading asin, Loa, California. 6. Operatiug Schedule of Spreading Basins, Lodi, California_ 7. EN of Coliform Oreanisms ax a Function of Depth in Four Spreading 7. MPN of Cnliform Organisms as a Fuuction of Depth in Four Spreading Basins, adh, Coforatheen eee meen ees oie it FoneSead Basins, Lodi, California............................................... 88.. M MPPNN onff CCoolliiffnorrmm O Orrggaanniissmmss aatt DDiiffffeerreenntt PPeerrliooddss aass aa FFuunnccttiioonn ooff DDeepptthh iinn Three Sorending Basins, Todi, California cree oreo F Depth Three Spreading Basins, Lodi, California ............................... ~. 9. vienrBsiie Results of Chemical AulysesofPorcolating Liquids fn Tour Spreads 9. Average Resnlts of Chemical Analyses of Percolatiug Liquids in Four Spread- s, Lodi, Calforin, W000 Lou Sore Sg ing Basins, Lodi, California, 1950-1951 .................................. 40 20. AnveerTaige Results of Chincnl Anas of Percolating Liquid in Four Spread 10. Average Results of Chemical Analyses of Percolating Liquids in Four Spread- n, Todi, Callornit, T02o.ecs eorourrSprread i~g Basius, Lodi, California, 1952...................................... 1111.. BBOODDaassaa FFuunnccttiioonn ooff DDeepptthh iinn BBaassiinn CC,, LLooddil,, CCaalifolrniia_fornia... 44 22. Organic Matte fn Surface Soil of Spreading Basins 50 12. Org~nic Matter in Surface Soil of Spreading Basins ...................... 3. oVtarCihatoieons of Efctve Size and Uniformity Coefficient of Firat Foot of Sal 13. Variations of Effective Size and Uniformity Coefficient of First Foot of Soil of Sosy sony... _-_11-- LT at Close of Spreading Study ............................................ 83 4. Fotos of Cla, SI an Sud of Fit Font of Sf at Close of Sprang 14. Fractions of Clay, Silt and Sand of First Foot of Soil at Close of Spreading Study _ ............................................................ 45. Bi ase Exchange Complex of Surface Sols in Spreading 15. Base Exchange Complex of Surface Soils in SI)reading Basins at Close of AY eee ee e Baseinns atOCleose of Sprea(iiag Study .................................................. 84 16. Organic Matter in Surface Soils of Spreading Basins at Close of Spreading 16. 0rgauic Matter in Surface Soils of Spreading Basins at Close of Spreading Study _ ............................................................ 84 ((1122)) 11001122..00001122 FFiigguurree 1. Aeration and LLIISSTT OOFF FFIIGGUURREESS Sedimentation Basins, Lodi Sewage Treatment PPaaggee Plant. 20 2O | 1. 22. 5. A EPBrlleoeerfvvaiaaltitetoeeSnddkSeaSttntoeodhrraaSggoeefedSiTTpmaraneenknakstdsa,,itinLLogonoBddBiai saSSiseeinwnwAsaar,ggeeLea,oTTdrriLeeo'Saadittem ,wmeeaCngnateltiPTPfolrarelnnaittm aaen--nt--Pt--loan.oto..m.o.o..o.o.ie. a2n22122 3. 4, PSaromfpilleinSgkeWteclhlsof1S8 pPreaIdi0ngCBa--sineAereea, oLondi,oCarlmifmmoornmeimamm..em.m.m.m.m.em.m.mm..m.ee.s.m.e.mm.e. 26 25 4. 5. Sampling Sampling Wells Well, SihnoPwilancge .L.a.d.d.e.r.a.n.d..E.a.r.t.h..M.o.u..n.d..--.--.--.--..--.--.--.--.-..o.o.o.--.o..e.e.o.o.o. 2260 5. Sa~npling Well, Showing Ladder and Earth ~lound ....................... 6. Sampling Well, Showing Ladder, Samplet Collecting Tre ays, and Sams pling 6. Sampling Well, Showing Ladder, Sample Collecting Trays, and Sampling 26 7. PLaotretsral..T.u.n.n.e.l..Pr.i.o.r.t.o..I.n.se.r.t.i.o.no..f.C.ol.l.e.c.t.i.n.g.P..A.R.-.-.--.-.-..o.o.o.--.--.--.o..-.o.-.o.o.o.e.e. 7. . Lateral Tunnel Taometeic View PofriGoarlvtoanIinzseedrtiSohneeotf MCeotlalleCcotilnlgecPtainn.g.P.a..n.-.--.--....-.--.--.--.--.--..--.-.--.--.=. 21 27 227 8. Isometric View of Galvanized Sheet :~Ietal Collecting Pan .................. 10PR,E Placing SAISp PMlor nioemememem=m-- erem-- mmmm-- oemem-- rrmm-- ememe-- e=ore oeee 9. Testing Filled Sampling Pan.......................................... 228 28 11. Replacing Aes WBOW momenmmmmmmomommemommmemommo= 10. Placing Sampling Pan ................................................ 11. Replacing Access Window ........................................... 2 29 2 10 Di Joiet TH rst 12. 15. Triggiog Tovahfor DiSooammermreommzoe Dike Joint Detail.................................................... 29 3OO0) 13. Digging Trench for Dike .............................................. P 15. SU preadT ing BE asinR Layout, i Todi, Ca-- lor------esoron-- enmoeeeomme 14. Completed Spreading Basins.......................................... 8230 32 15. 16, SFlporewadDiinaggrBaams,inWaLtaeyrouRte,cLlaomdai,tiCoanlSiftourdnyia,..L.od.i.,..C.a.l.i.f.o.m.i.a..-.--.--.--.--.--.--.-.--.-.-.-.-..- 33 33 16. 17. 17. FM DMlPoPowNNtDooffitaCCgoorylaliimffoo,rCrmW mHEGGaOtrreMooruuMRppAeOOcrerlgagram annmaiitssmimomnssraaSsstuaaodFyFu,uennLccottmdeiieoio,mnnCmooaffliDDmfeoeprpntmtihha .iinn..FF.oo.uu.ermr.am.mSSe.nppe.mrre.meem.naaw.rddm.eiimn.=nm.g=g= 58 38 18. 18. Cation Basins, Cation CCLSotoonandcrceiE,enIntCrtraaaltotiiifmoooennrnssniar aa.ss.aa..FF..uu.ene .tc.tii.oo.nn..oo.ff.e .D D.eee.pp.rtt.ahh.s.iie.nns ..TT.hhe.rrn.ee.ene..SSe .pp.rr.ee.aa.ddi.inn.gg..rB.eBea.sams.esei.imnmn.es=s.e,,. 8) 39 1199.. Lodi, California ..................................................... E Anion Ci oncente rationsn as a Fbunictaionlof Depth in eThriee SpreadinEg RBasins, Anion Concentrations as a Function of Depth in Three Spreading Basius, 42 20. 20. Lodi, California ..................................................... DsisosoplvedengOixibygr en Concentratioi n as a Function oS f Dea pth im n Four Spreading Dissolved Oxygen Concentration as a Function of Depth in Four Spreading 45 21.1. Basins, Lodi, California ............................................. FSurfraceiDisisolsved Oxygeon Ctoncentration asa Function of Time of Day in Two Surface Dissolved Oxygen Concentration as a Function of Time of Day in Two 47 | | 2222. 25. DSepirteyadPienrgcoBlaatsiionns, RLaotdei,ChCaanlgifeosronnia Daily Duty Percolation Porctation Rate Rate CChhaanngegseoosnn ..................................... BBaosisn tB w----e--r_ocecomceomooennetoommmoA Basin A ............................. 5049 50 | 23. 24, Daily Daily Percolation Percolation Rate Rate CChhaannggeess oonn BBaassiniDBn .--.--.--.--.o..o.o.o.m..e.c.n.m.e..o.e.o.m.o..o.m.o.e.m. 5F1L 24. Daily Percolation Rate Changes on Basin D ............................. Eg 25. Daily Percolation Rate Changes on Basin A' 26, Daily PercRoatelChaangtesionoBasnin BY ----ooooomooooooeoeeooomoee 5852 53 26. 2277.. 25, Daily Daity PPerceolartioucRRaaottee ClChhaaannggeetssoonniBBaaossiinnnB' ------------n-onoeomoooooooeoe D AvaeirlyagPeerPcoleatiorn RcaRtaeotCehlCahnaganegseotsnoBniaBsaioniCnn'A-..--.o.e.n.o.o.o..o.v.o.o.m.e.e.e..e.o.o.o.m.e.m.e. 554 57 57 28. 29. Average Average PPerecorlatcionoRRalatteeaCChthaaninggeoessononn BBaassiniBAn_ .--.--.o.o.o.o..o.n.o.c.o..n.--.o.o.o.m..e.o.o.o.e. 58 58 29. Average Percolation Rate Changes on Basin B ......................... ((1183)). 11001122..00001133 Bands 3 Fie LLIISSTT OOFF FFIIGGUURREESS---C-Coonnttiinued Eg l~igure = 3300.. AAv~e'erraaggee PPeerrccoollaattiioonn R Raattee CChhaannggeess oonn BBaassiinn D 1. Average FerRaeteClhanageston oasinnA 31. Average Percolation Rate Changes on Basin A' een ~~... i 8.3822.. 33. Average AAvveerraaggee Average Percolation PPeerrccoollaattiioonn Percolation Rate Changes on RRaatteeCChhaannggeessoonn Rate Changes on Basin BBaassiinn Basin C'BB'' C' mn meee meee 32 drone Bociutm Bate Ganges on S 34. Average Percolation Rate Changes on Basin C i 5. Average Pesaation Rate Changes on Basoinn verre 35. Average Percolation Rate Changes on Basin D' | bl Dr L111 80. Ghloride Concentration as Function of Hours After Chloride Application at 4 36. Chloride Concentration as a Fanction of Hours After Chloride Application at One-, Two-, and Four-foot Levels in Basin A ............................ 68 7. OClniTe nCoSna tain a Fin 37. Chloride Concentration as a Function of tIours After Chloride Application at d Fou ok Lives i of Hans AteCChhloorriidseAApppipaansat One-, Two-, and Four-foot Levels in Basin C............................ a. Surface of I~asin A per ee b. Surface of Basin B Le EG e. Surface of Basin C Setar d. Surface of Basin D Le a ratiSo UE e.. SSuurrffaaccee ooff BBuassiinn AA"' ee SS AI ote f. Surface of Basin B' | BS en g. Surface of Basin C' mm emmemenaia I 1hb.. SSuurrffaaccee ooff BBaassiinn DI'' eee 1 ii.. PPrrooffiillee SSkkeettcchh ooff SSpprreeaaddiinngg BBaassiinnss aatt CClloossee ooff SSpprreeaaddiinngg SSttuuddyy_._._._._._.._._._._._._._ El 82 35. Poslo Sheth, etal Sampling Station No.1 ------ 38. Profile Sketch, Detail, Sampling Station No. 1 ........................... ..___.___________eg i 3399.. PPrrooffiillee SSkkeettcchh,, DDeettaaiill,, SSaammpplliinngg SSttaattiioonn NNoo.. A A='-1I mei eee ........................ 87 E8 | 4400.. PPrrooffiillee SSkkeettcchh,, D Deettaaiill,, SSaammpplliinngg SSttaattiioonn NNoo.. AA*'-22 .m ......e ......e ......e ..n.e.. 8898iS) 41 Profle Sketch, Detail, Sampling Station No. Br _ 41. Profile Sketch, Detail, Sampling Station No. B' _ ......................... _______________ % 4422.. PPrrooffiillee SSkkeettcchh,, DDeettaaiill,, SSaammpplliinngg SSttaattiioonn NNoo.. C' _-- ......-- .......-- ......-- ..e.e..n. 90 8 5 4433.. PPrrooffiillee SSkkeettcchh,, D Deettaaiill,, SSaammpplliinngg SSttaattiioonn NNoo.. DI'' _ ......................... 99|21 xin Oe Bn Dri Fv n 44. Particle'Size Distribution at One Foot Depth in Four Spreading Basins ..... 45. Ratice Sie Dtebtion at Two Fot Depts in Four S is Pr 1 45. Particle Size Distribation at Two I oot Depth in Four Spreading Basins..... 93 5 a Dra Foe Fk Deg Poe peeding Tonto. 88 46. Particle Size Distrihution at Four Foot Depth in Four Spreading Basins..... 94 arti Se Ditton at Ses Fo Det Sento 8 47. Particle Size Distribution at Sevea Foot Depth in Four Spreading Basins .... 5. Pl fo Fone Speen Bavina------ 98.96 Soe Ditton Ton Pot Dro i one Soret Bein. 41 48. Particle Size Distribution at Ten Foot Depth in Fonr Spreading Basins...... 4499.. PPaarrttiiccllee SSiizzee D Diissttrriibbuuttiioonn aatt TThhiirrtteeeenn FFoooott DDeepptthh iinn FFoouurr SSpprreeaaddiinngg Basins__ Basins... 97 98 5500.. SPPr1roo)frfieillaeedinSSgkkeeBttcachshinSSshhoowwiinngg PPeerrmmeeaabbililiittyy ooff DDiissttuurrbbeedd SSooiill SSaam mpplleess iinn FFoouurr 98 a)(14) = 11001122..00001144 ||| SUUMMMARY AANNDD CCOONNCCLLUUSSIIOONNSS | SSuummmmaarryy Fora period of ooff Fttohhere aUUnpnieivrveioerrdssiiottyfy 22o88f of mmCooanlntithhfsosrttnhhieea California SSiaannnvieittsaatrriyygaEEtnengdgiintnheeeeerrriinencgglaRRmeeassteeiaaorrncchhofPPrrwooajjteeeccrtt iwnovrekstiwgaastedsupthpeorrteecdlabmyatfieodneroalf wfuantdesr fEoagrrmoranmtnttemewsddeeawnungangteede erobbrfyyPPPussuubppbblrrllieeiiccaacddiLLiHnnaaeggwaw..ltTT88hh44hi55isas naawdnnoddlrakaatddewmrmiainbsniyissstutteehprrepeeoddSrttaaaetttdeffbiiWrrysastttfoeebbfdyyrCearttPlhahoileelflofSSuurttntnaiaidtotaesen, DCCooeTmpnhttaroorotlm lpBBreoionanatrcriddop,f,alaaPnnuddobbbbljiyyeccfftuHiunvneeddasssltccohofonnattntrrhdiiebbluuaittnteeevddresbbbtyyiygtthahttheeieUUonnSniitvivaentercerslsiuiW ttdyyeadotef arCPaslotilfulodurytnioioanf. sspprrT11e.e.haaeRRddaiianptntgeerginoooocnnffipffppaiieeeelrllrddccoooppbllllajaooettttciissotoinnvttooeosoddffeeottiifenenrrddmtumhusiiestnntreeriiinaattlvhlheeewwsaftfaioosgsllttalleeotoiwwoaaiinnnnnddggi::nssceelwuwadaggeeed a study cffuents effluents of on on 2, Qdiiffffeerreenntt Optimum ssooiill ttyyppeess spreading ddauunrrdiinnrggessstppirrneegaapddeiirnniggodoosppeetroraatotiibootnnassi..n maximum rates 2. 33.. TOoEobfsafxpctppttteieeeemnrnrrctcituooamlaa)lannatdtdsiiinpooddrnneete..ggharerdeeiweenagtttooearwwnhdhwiiiccrlhehlsmpmtieininnngeeetrrpraaeallrtiaaeonnddddsifootfroreggraaoennnbititccasiom mnialatsm.tttaeexrrim((iiunnmcclluurdadiitnengsg 44. bacteria) wCCahhtaaennrggeeasst idiinninffm mteihrineenenerwtraaadllteepaartnnhwddsiloodlrrupggraeainnnniiegcctrpaccethhreaacrrodaalcicaftttfeeierroriiness.nttiitcesssoioolfsf. both both sofl soil and and 55.. tDw~tooe)aegtgoroerbebreteetaaaiitoonnffdisstftaaarfrteteneiiarsdasetfftm naammtcceeuttdnionotsertryipynnntheeeppsecceeeerrdsscc(ssuoooaalrdlrriaaoynytrtisigo,offnnooprreetrrrcaacii.ntton)eeddlssauu,,astsintotpprdrnririoo.aaptltlreeoccwwtttaieiaoscosnttnteeioaanaaggnnaaodidifnnssssutteenwwdccaaeooggrnnee:-- 6. ttgaarmmoiuinnnaadttiiowonantearndsunpuplisya:nce gCorosutnodf swparteeardisnugp,palsy.far (odors, as this is etc.) and incidental protection of to research under- ttrreeA6Aa.attmCssmiieeottenens1tt9tssouuppfiflilettaaeasatnnbpb,ttllreieeiinnnaffdottodhihrrnieeagssmC,Cuueiccaittthhseyyrfaa,ooaffrsswLLtteauouosrddddeiyyti,h, ciwwCCsoaaanalsisslsiitffssirooeenurrllccneneiticcidaeattee.de.dndEEtwiaaaiigglddthhjjhttaoatccscceerhiiennrerstcteeeutuattlloroaamcrrehtthtshs.eapeplrrsseeeeaadwwdidkaaiienggnsgeeg. TbFDooafafoeisuinettnrhshse,eoo,ff 1pptt9heehreerccfbbeooaalelssaatiittnniiinnssnggwawdteeiHlrar1iqee,qmuu2eeei,iqqdtdeu4u,rii,cpcp7oopp,wuuee1lleddd0drewwaibbintceethdhonccss1soaoa3tlmlmrllufpeepecclceltttiiteeenndddgbgewfffflaoaooiccrrwtiihllibibtttahsaiicehecetssetegeessrrrtooiioootmtullhhonoeaaggdtttiaiccssslaaauallrmdmfippkaaalclenneeesddss.. CocSShhppneerrmmteeiaaiccddpaaililnlnagnagantnawwaflalaiyysnsssaeelssssttouaufddtuii1eoe,ddn2t,wwih4it,athhv7i, ttnh1hg0rreeaaeenBdlliiOqq1uDu3iiddfosesf::et affbrbreeeoslsuohhtwww1at0ahtteeperrpg,,mro,sseuewnwaadnaggdseeusrettfrtaetrclaeietd-. m ssteheewew"An\aactggwoneepnaudnlmwwaiiitnbbititetehohrrnfisaaoonffalBBleooOOappedDeDfeifrrnlaaugootteffiitnnnoaatggbbmhoovvaauuaavxtrtriiiina1a1mgbb00ul0l0eeamssppBpppwwem Omere.rDc.reeolossatttfuiudaodnibieeodrduattiienn1s0ooarrnpdddpeemrrm,ttioonaindddmeettuesemrermtmtiliennRdee oe vation or the conditions tamination or lpeoaldluintigontoomf atxheimgurmoupnedrcwoatlaetri.onThreastees vaanrdiambliensiminucmludceodn:- pollution of the ground water. These variables included: 11.. 2. TThhee he nnaattuurree length of ooff the tthhee liquid being spread. slipqrueiaddibnegingpersiporde.ad. 23.. S34,.. TTThhheee The ellLeefefnnnegggctttthhhofooofffsuttthrhhfeeeacsrrepeersstettriainednaggitnmppgeeenrrpitieoorddsi.u.ocdh. as spading, Tcohveere,ffaencdt otfhesuarpfaplciecatrteiaontmoefnat ssouiclhsatasbislpiazedri.ng, the the use use of of a a sand sand m aAAnftfttcleeorervettarhh,needanttaeedrrcmmtahirienneaafatutipiloopnsnlitcuooadfftyitothhmneeaodfffiieeealldodfsossstitlouuiddslytyacbottnihhldieeizteiiirnn.ossnttsaallallanattdiioosnnassm were pwleirne g dis ddies-- | mviaene~sled and a careful study made of soil conditions and sampling de- || -Tv* iSceeeese.AA~duddeenndduumm,, ppaaggee 7177 eott sseeqa.. (1) (1~) | | 11001122..00001155 1166 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION WASTE WATER RECLAi~ATION" 4 *"CCoonnclcluussiioonnss or 11f:.roAAmbbfaaicnctatelerreiifoofllloouggeinicctaaillfllyythsseaaflfeieqwwuaiadtteeprrasccsaaenns bbee pprroodduucceedd ffrroomm sseettttlleedd d sseewwaaggee through at least four feetof susoeenrtdt22tfte.lrlseoeiAAdmdrasswwfbeeialwnwaetaataeelggirreeenfdoofuoolffsrurtessrffnaarirtotatoiiilmsfmsffwtahaaffcciiesnttntoaaoleirllrqsyyueeafficcrifdhhlleuueepeemmnanniosttic,st,caeapipsllnrrtocohqqvlvuruiuiaoaddlduliieilig~ttdnyhyggiancchhtaaiitgnlnghehheabbseecrct ooafnppwnocrrcueosoerndedntwfuutrearccaaegeettteddii,ooofnnfssrssotofaorm iootlmff. iiunnn3&doo.errsddA4ieerrarhHbiittgolgoehhoolliybbynttdaattruiriennesaathhtrteiiieagdgdlhhsswerrewaaawttsaaeetggesseesoofpapflrlppeaaeennrnrttccoooeetlflfaaffitlnltuiiucoeoelnnnnu.tt.dm meduussitnt the raw bbee uusseedd sewage. ffoorr sspprreeaaddiinngg be44e.xpAAectppeeedrrccwoohllaaettniioosnnprrreaaattedeinoogff be2e;xpheectedopwthiemnumsprmeeatdhiondg aaaaottfffiinllnseeaapaallrsseetteffaff00ldl.u.ui55eennngaattccoorbrennea--saaffieenHHeetataonnpppfefeeoorrrrartddaaiccfforriineenneepipsseeaarrtnnoddddyyaasyyplJoroacesmeaaeyand.n maaccoomominno5ost.uttuiinnuTnnturuthsseooeuucoossooffllnypytootffeirromonggrrtaaunaanimisbbiccoorumeum mtdteaauaattchtmmeetoeodrdorn,,nttotohhttf,ha,hebeppsnonrprueertfettfooeeatrrdhaaaaeibllnbllpll~oyoyewwrbwwmiattiathsthhinheeneaanbboltlaaipisqsqweiiuuinnriiladdttttiioeoconoongrvnneetptisasoast~tiinnntutnoii,nnntgtgsTliphlllartaoetrrhrhgag.edee nirrmaaniiatfeaeoterdedriryyrs,,ootunnttecrrruueeffelalooactttrrtiiomvmvnaaaeaesstnttneitiollnt,oo,ontnnncicggoosooffrnnaaetttssthdiihneunessuiiucxddoxoerurudmmyyssotonossaantooppitahiphlplbslslo.ssi.ieccueeRRaaetmettmetiishsossotetnniiddnenpeogsogesiffirrraamaaaannbbalddfflenie.maecc. unlfuFlFltlottoeeiwillvfMvllfiaoanllotttuweiwiineoniion2nntnnt,ggpmmmmttoaahahaiyiiynyysst.ttbhpphhTeerreeeehnncclleiuaim rebrmebs-ees--.. | hrraeezpp56a.ee.raaMdtMteeoddosu.q.snquluiesittsooeecsson~itnnrosslpprrmeeeaaaddsiinunrggesbbaassaiirnness " awwdiiolllpltccerrdee.aatteeIF aaalnnzuuaiilssaa`nnoccdeeorsaannaddrehheeaplarthlotsh.= aannhnnooaudduzI7n:an.crocodeFJfefdudu,rpp,urthhuttthhehlehee~eenesrroosccmmiioonCennenvvtnnotereraansoosttlrtlaaioisgsgloossaaffoottmcicaaioilieoloaannag~ttssas.eaeueeddoorfefm mwwsappaiieyyetatrhrhrcceaaoollttlsslhahoaaoeedttiibbooom meepnnotonnevvooeedefcfec.memessses]eseesnfwanawtrrtaaayygg:lo.ogee~fa' iilwnwnaoatdddteiieofrfrrfeseriirneeantnurootet pro- ssooillssa,, usueclh ph assooiillas,, as a raaexrseeulnnteeeeoddfeetddhiiisnn result of this ssoottrrududddeeyyrr ttwwooiiggtthehenneHtertaraaanlnlififzzooeerrdttdhheeffiinffnooeerressegagaononidind)n2~yg, llccooooaannmmcc.l.luussiioonnss rreeaachcehd!ed 5 '11001'122..0000'116 W`WAASSTTEE WWAATTEERR RREECCLLAA~MAATTIIOOIN~ 17 17 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION The reclamation of sewage has been practiced for many years. Cess- The reclamation of sewage De eturies. Sewage farms and farms utilizing sewage efiuents have done poooolls anndd sseeppttiicc ttaannkkss hhaavvee has been rreettuurrnneedd pserawcatgiceedeffflourenmtsantyo sewage effluents to ytehearss.oilCfeossrthe soil for centuries. Sewage farms and farms Simon the reclamation of water i incidental to the disposal of sewage. lliikkeewwiissee.. RReeccllammaattiioonn ooff tthhiiss ttyyppee uhhtaailssizibbneegeennsetwteearrmgmeeeddeffiilunneccniidtdsee,nnhttaaa~ll'e (d1o-n3)e (1-3) sPPriellncaacennennntetehdddeervrereeecclclloalapammmmaeatantiittooi.onn,n,Ttaaossifsddwdiiessastttiiienngrccntteisdffrrisonopmcemciidiifneninccciiatdadllleeynnttottaaolltphrrreeeoccddllauaimsmcpaeaottaisiaoounlns,,oabfiislsesaaewwmmaaotogrereere. rfafbrenyrocdommemneatasggneredrwiwsieccavaouuggeflellett.o.suupurrNNmreeofoetat((nc55eoot).)nnslIlpbbyytruuiem tmstaaaddiiytytiensmmwwiggaaaanotyytreeedrriaanllsbsbjspoeeoeeccptbpbiieerrfooioncdrrdaeeuuwlttelccuylueelrrddsntno.eeffdIpodonrrrottwouuodassutetetcheheeriiennasggihirurnonoosdrduautuubnnasslddgteterrywwwyaa(raat(e4tt4eeea))rsrr bssuuyccmhh eaaassnsppaoarfrttsssuroofffacCCeaalslipiffrooerranndiiiaangwwhhoererrieenjlelaacrrtgigoeenqqwuuaeanlntlsti.ittiIienesswooafftessreewswhaaoggreetaagarreeeanrneooawws bc`omeonoiinnsrnsieggiddeedderciriaosastnctciohhoomaannirr,,cggaesseliiddnlnccytteeootiihtttthhammeenaaoobyyccyeerraaeetnnllh,i,ieeevppvieellmaattpnnhhonneereetddooivvnreregerercdcdolrlafraaamfmfwtataatttooiieonnornnlloofiiccssraaolrlremewwccaedeatiiitveesvritrinanrgrngeetssssooepeuurlrirraiocccoueeeusssss more economically than by the importing of water from distant places oorr Obbnyyetthhoeefddiitsshtteiillllfiiinrngsgtoofpflssaeenaanwweadatteeorrpe((r66a,,t7i7)o).n. s for the reclamation of sewage ww19aa3tOt0een'rre.boyyTftsstpwphrareeesaafdddiiirensnmtggonpwwslaaatssnranbbteeeedggduuonn(p8eii)nnraLtLtihoooassntsAAannfgoghereilgleethshsl,,ey CCrapealoclililfifaoosmrhrnneaiditaai,o,sneiinwnoattgfhheeeseetewararearalgltyye- Hon rate of 3 acre-feet per acre per day was considered feasible. A later m mn1i9efe3nin0tcta'snp.ptlllIaaytnntttwoeeatffshffellduuegeennm rttoouccnnoosduutlrlwddaatetbbdeeerss(w8ppi)rrteehaatohdduatotonniamssphooaiiiilgl,,rhilttnyhhgeeprrieoetbslbiyysqhuccaeloodinnttstyrre.iiwbbAauugttieipnengrgtcreosslaiigagt---- nificantly to the ground water without i~npairing its quality. A percola- rrtieeovvniieerwwatoeoffossfee3wwaaaggceere-ssfaaellevvtaaggpeeer((a99c))repprrpeeessreenndttaeeydd waaasvviiceeowwnppsooiidinnettrenndootfteannsooiwbwlegg.eeAnneerlraaaltlellyry agSgecrrncooteuuuppnnrttddeeesdd.wwiaianAntteeCC.srraualrrrlieiveffpepoolyrlrenennicniiaoais:n:shdhm nnumaaceemmtnneteetldlyyww,,ebeyrtrtheehaaatrrtBaapoprrelealaarnaandnnnnededodfduuErrsseneuuccgaalllialalnlmymyeaaetuutriinnsoossnnooofuuppnnrLrddooogsgeerraccAaomonmnngssooefmmlfooieirccsr ventures. Asurvey conducted by CCoouunnttyy ((11)) ccoonncclluuddeedd tthhaatt ssaaffee a Board aaddddiittiioonnss omfaEynbgeinmeeardse may be made oftoLtohsegAr~oguenleds to the ground wcwinooaamtmttpehepreteiitarittnirddvve,,eepoffwwruuitrirtttthhhhweeattrrsh,h,aaatttthhoodaafefttscwwttrhahaiteetpeetrrcciooosoosnttbbttoooaafffiinnawewenddaatteeffexrrrropoemrrmreeiccoomlltaetahhinimeetmrraeelddssoosuuffprrrrocrcoem eemsas..dssiIIeennnwgwccaallbgguuaeeddseeiiiddnss iaantt ttthhheeeiWW rhrihetiptttoiieretrr wsseeawwsaaaggeedtterrseecaartitmpmteeionnntt polfanta.n plant. Tehxepesriammeenataglenscpyremadaidneoj absausbin- The same agency made a sob- seeqquueenntt ssttuuddyy aatt tthhee ttrreeaattmmeenntt ppllaanntt iinn AAzzuussaa.. The The results results of of both both ooppeerraattiioonns wweerree ddeessccrriibbeedd pected in spreading a final sewage treatment plant effluent on a rela ncluded that percolation bbyy SSttoonnee aanndd GGaarrbbeerr ((1100)).. These authors These authors rates of about 2 feet per day could be ex- concluded that percolation rates of about 2 feet per day could be ex- pected in spreading a final ttiivveellyy cooaarrssee ssooiill.. FFrreeeemmaann sewage ((66)) iinn atrereaptm oretnttoptlahentSaenfftluaenCtlaorna a report to the Santa Clara aWaretlearWater bCbsCieoeognnnsssisppeferrrireevcvaaaaanddtttiioaaoctntnhaaaDDnigssisasaettffsrreeiiccirrtntaattrtreeehececooofofmgmr00mmo..5e5uennnaadddcceerrddwee-a-ffttteehheeeaartttt qppaaueearrwwleiaealtccllylrreeppwoooppllueeiilsrrshdheddeddraaeyyseeuffaalfftnlnlu.uddeeSnnttttthihlaaccltotouuannllnoodd soaoitgtgheneirafrirrceeeaavvsni,iteewcwwhe((ar33ne))gedsssettfaaiittnneeiddtthettlehhyaagttcrooppmullpaanenndtnnieewtddiavrtreeeerccillanqamumcaaaolttsiiittoyonnwwiwwtoohorurklkdosst,,hreiiennsruwwlmatae.ttteeShrrtoissdllhhsooarrnott-f-- age areas, were definitely competitive in cost with other methods of "Although investigations made during the past 20 years presented some oobbttaaiinniinngg aaddddiittiioonnaall wwaatteerr.. Seaviiisiile fo continue such investigations, placing special emphasis on. | undertaken by the University of California at Berkeley. ccoonAnfflllitihctotiiunnggghddiaanttvaae,,stttihhgeeayytiossnuusppppmoorardtteeedddutthrhieengggeetnnheeerrapallasvvtiie2ew0wyttehhaaa{tts prreecsleanmtaetdiosnomoef reclamation of sseewwage byy sspprreeaaddiinngg iiss bbootthh ssaaffee aanndd pprraaccttiiccaal.l. ITtt was was therefore therefore deemed deemed twthhoeertffhuuwnnhddiaalemmetenonttacaollntppirrnooubbelleesmmuscshiininnvvvoolelvvseetiddg..atAAiocccncosor,rddpiilnnagcglilyny,g, sspuecchiaal such a epmropjheacstiswaons project was undertaken by the University of California at Berkeley. | 11001122..00001177 18 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION. 18 WASTE WATER RECLA~VLATION SSIITTEE FFOORR TTHHEE FFIIEELLDD SSPPRREEAADDIINNGG SSTTUUDDYY aSStntaadIItntneerM Mewwcahalhriariccccihhhhmeoodhhffaawdd11a99tdd55e0oor0,nns, ,eeaafpfttttreeeeessrrttpaccwwroooaonnrtrsskikuuollnoottsinninnwggssepprwwrreieeitatamhhddaiiaandngegnnuuaafmmnonrbddbetepphrreeerroocscffeoollaaleaaggctteetiinnioococnninieeooossfffiinafnfrrsetteihshstheehe iaaannnnTTdddaonorttehooahcbceebltttaauacciiaimoonnlnnessccsdtpootrrnrnwuudedcciaaitttttdiiieioiooornnnnsng,ssoopoaaffprppeesspprppprararrotoereixxaaaoiitdndmim,oiianannitggttsiinwnwbbgagaaesssttriihehdinoiosesmss.c.eeiadwwdehehdiifcctoohhrcmmtohinieggdhhusttecltbbeeecttheeieonnnccioonouvufennstatteeisrrgieeatdde: pmmttiinrieoeoosnansvttniiiaacedtatewwc:aaatausssstaeteeelwwsss.a.apggFFreeeooartrtrdrieiidednaaeetgatamlmloeeccpnnooetntnrdadppitilltitaoaiionnnontnt, ssiwwtsshhuuwiiccccahhhhs aadrreeppeccclleaeiadiiunvevtteeddadatnnobbddooctstsohhppnrrdiieennnaaddedduutiisnsntthtgrgreiissaaiiillttneevaassennhhsddotoiuugddllooadds-- pro1.viAdes: ewage treatment 1. tAresaetwmeangte.treatment ppllaanntt eemmppllooyyiinngg bbootthh pprriimmaarryy aanndd sseeccoonnddaarryy 322... AAtArnensaotaaimlrreeewaanhtiaa.cddhjjaacciseennnttotttootottohheeimppplleaarnnvttiossuuusii.ttaa"bbllee ffoorr sspprreeaad'diinngg ooppeerraattiioonnss.. 43. 4. 55.. AAAAAnnllsooouuccinnlaaddttweiieoorhrnnggicrrnnhoooouuttinnsttddonooowowatdadtittieoessrorttaattnnaiamtbtbllpffeerero22romv00mioootturrhhseemm. oouurrnneeiivvffeeeercerststiitbtbyyeellolloawawbbooggrrrraaoottouournrniiddeessss..uurrffaaccee.. ERRenesgW WscieianaittrcrhhccehhrttihhPPneergrssooeejojeefceccrrttitittheeessrrttaiiaSafaftffaiitnaanennddmmDieinrrnpeeddapp,,rrrteemmssmeeeeemnnmntbttabaetteroiirvfsvseesPsoouffbooflftthihectethheeSHSeaaBBannuliuitrttrahaeerraayysuutuEEoodnfnfiggeiSSidnanaeneeneileirtetraiaivnrnerygngy MPspsEelaelnwaanwgnntaatietggnssceeeawwe,tterrerreirMeneeaoagttrlm lomogoceceafaannnttttteehddHppeilllaaaaSlttnn,tttaAAssSltaleiwwilssiiaaiDtnltl,ahh,esiipCC,nnhahToraaortwmawrrcacahcedydihn,iliiutullalssaaon,,foodffFFPTrr22nuee00brss00nnlliooocmm,c,iiklHlGGeeiess(illaTrroolaooftfbyyhl,BB,eoseLLrtr1oukok)dedd.eiliil,,oAeeyyldM M,t.aehadTTldoeheheurveergaessahn,ee, pseseMoolaaiiaccal!nhhntcctsoeoooncfnfdafdi,rttithtohMiieemoossonneerfssguppaoorlnrltraahnnhIhettitirissggllhhc,ppoSwwrnrosaoaaivtvltidieieneddrrareeasddtt,taaibbTossllnereeea.wsswcaayiiTggm,mheemeamesnttdeerdrideeaaiTpaattluttmeaemrlnlleetyyonnsctteekwlliffiem (aamrTcciieiainnllbiiaalttlttiieoeeeecddssa1,,t)aae.ululdllAnnssbbalututuuihitttotLaauttobbwgdwllhieooe faapinnlnaddaultTTscuuhrorfllriooocccmekk,o, ffaausnnriddtthettehhreeyycowwneesrirdeeeiirnanvvtieeossntt.iiggTaattheeeddsetthhpoolrraoouuutggshhlwlyyerbbeeefflooorrceeatmmedaakkaiitnnggLttohhdeei fhhfaiaancrerTatddolseprpstcytaah.nnobboioAcaarrttetiinnddoLggeefossppdsttimmihht,aessa.ddobbeceeecttaaawstwtieeToTeenunnuarrll22loolaacceknknnddsssehh44s-oo.}wowfffeeeeddeeittm,,ttphhwweeehrhivppiccirrhheoesusemmsennaacccddeeleeaooyttffhhwiiaasesnnrsseiiiittmmeefppouueeunnrrnsvsvadaiitotoiiuuasst-ss ihlhdfnaoeoecwpwpwtettohevhhviressyecr.rvvh,,aaAtrttrohyoyteiisnsLneeeggollleeadffccyritrt,oosmaaomtnncr8caaaatttrrsouoeeimoaa22n00waooalffffeselsseeeuutt1nff3fbbsfieieecocsllriiooeewonwnmtftotthrssih~iieeezzneesspfuueeffrreoroffvtraraicocfetteuhr.h.seoeImTcttnnleetaaaeehyppdedppssewesauaooerrrffrfeeeaddttchhfeiippo,ssooussnssisttdibubuldldeaeyy,t, siinteTTw,hhheseihcosshiiwtteeethdeaatitct lLLtaoooyddibsi,e,traaagssetunmmemreeaaalwssluauyrsrees1dda3tiaaosggfraaaicmintnososrtrtye.tthfheeeetffiivfvreeomccrriitttheeerriiaasuffrofoarrceaa.nn iiddeeaall site, showed it to be generally satisfactory. 1I.. PPrroovviissiioonn ooff PPrriimmaarryy aanndd SSeeccoonnddaarryy yeaTTrhhseeolssdeeww(aaFggigees.ttrr1eeaaattnmmdeenn2t)t ptprllaeaanntttiniigss S.Seewwaaggee TTrreeaattrnmeenn~t aaannn aaavccettriivavgaaetteedodf ss2l.hn0ddg~mieellppilloaannngttalaalbbooonunstt 3300 tmnddyaeaaaencyeyak.hc..rahsTnTaToinhhhlciedeceaalr(rllmlaFayywiiwgxccsessll.deeeeawIawnanaaaeeeggnrddeeadtffppi2iianaon)sesnessteersstessccaarrntetetkhieehnrnnro,gl,oiuuqagaagunnnhhoddraaavttpehahccreseooaisanagierresssddeeioitrrfobeebeac2aatrt.r0llyysssmeccdiririneenillteetmioonnoe,,nntttha4hgaeetarrileleaaoovevennroorasalltvvtippiiiooneennngrr.g awawtannhhndedekrr.sseeoolTslsiiechddppeaapprrhhmaaaattissiixeeooessundoooofafffettttrhhhhaeeeetitsostroorneleliaiaddtttasseenddffkrrossoemelmwiwqaattuhgghoeeeerllaaiiprqrqeaenusiisddddeiisssiicsschthaaoaafffrrfegaegcceettsddeeedd.dtt.hihmBBrrooooeututnhghgthahttthihssoeeeenppllaiaiqttrqraauuaannititkddkee.. 1cc0llooTTstshehoedede15ccbbhhiipoaoaacncnrhnhnteeeeslmmlisspicecattraoollmaaooilxxsslyyttigrgroeeeneannamm(ddpeeffpimimvmvaee)an.nmmddiTillh(ee(eBssBOOdtdiuDDissr)tbt)aainndootitfftyfttfhrhroieeosmmeoeffftftfhllhtuueeheeennppttlslaaarrnnamatnten,.ggpeerssdeffrrroomomf. mm1a0aggtnouiit1tuu5ddepe.a. rts per million (ppm). The tnrbidity " is of the same order of 11001122..00001188 | W `WAASSTTEE W WAATTEERR RREECCLLAAM MAATTIIOONN 2 3 3 oEB oBE 25 g3 y 335 gw7zo30 2507 i s3 Ss a 8 Site ee TT Tr ks ES ri CEJt 1 elo Be pai a Rr tgEe T13s 2L3ie 8a31r neI3 || NLAAE BRE eE RE E Ry |||| JisEeib3dlzs |ls2 s 28 a2g s isES | AA | 2 a rteeee a EN ap Ee ]ede PetA } a al ; en ||| a2 =SE E T eLiaatir!ita}: i ;RR ! 1 oZz 8 VY--------ts-- yat-- ihe--e --lec(leen CCaphRa pi : Bs | .x& O a Aet ET lhaoleeA } TEe =] DRL 3 = [SHmlBiSer SI SRSERR Hllla h Se o ag i hwEan e 22 0= a BB RA 8 Te Cp ip SL ne ttFRET 8 bl gd 2 dE E Bgillee l 3 |vd ii ges =2 2 j: 2 8 2 SZn|ar5e3s2 Jps U} R wh i v @3 {E ES RTSA THR RnS Ot ehets| el Te mn =8 2 Br HEl,Pyh, R e e R Re Teet E s]E Ehye 58 E HE aCdhieleB El hR E eeRE HT % i422 35,1 28 | 225 4 B0u: a # Si BT ATE fot ChalHA SiAR << et AB& a S&S R&R 228 EJreTslhdul REd TH pe L u RSela de SeiR) l i = T HPalcelrgg y i poede1daiO7gEn h ei &B8Yv7ain) HEE BREE Rs I 1012.0019 220O `WASTE WATER RECLAMATION a a pIIr:tiwwmiaillrllybbeeefnnfooutteeenddt primary effluent tt(hhsaaettttttlhheeed (settled psspelelwaawnnaatgtgeepp))rrooiiddssuuuuccnneeoossbbtaataaigginnooaaoobbddlleeff..iinnTTaallhheeeeffaaffllbbuusseeeennnnttcceeaalltoothffhooctuuooggnhhn- vsvseeeewnwntaatiiggooeennaacclloouppullrrddiimmbbaaeerryypprrttoorrevveaiiadtdtmeemddeennaatttt wwllaiiattssttllenneootaatddooddfifittmmiiooaannjjaaoollrr cciioommsstptp..oorrttaannccee ssiinnccee i sseettttlleedd 22t..heThAAhreereexecaasseeSSepwuuwtiiiaattoagganbbeelleeottrfrffeooeatrraSthStpmemrpeeoerenpnaaettddrippainnlltggaaonnrt'tsiissrlleooscciaadtteeenddceoonuttthsseiirddeee attrhheee nccoiittyydwllieimlmliititssngaasnnddwiwwtihiitthnh the exception of the operator's residence there are no dwellings within fsfaaiipeerrrlladaedddaioioduuwiwssnnngeeooddffst22bbu00dyy00y.ttyyhhaaeerrddccssii..ttyy.I.ImmAAmmeedppodiorairatttitieoeollnnyy of this fleld aaddjjaacceenntt ttoo of this field was available tthhee ppllaanntt iiss aa was available for the 1155--aaccrree for the spreading study. os Maes To psait NTHl T e i] I -- d ---- o e = E-- AR be EAsRrRa|T7d)ejo ofER --nir) E LL eRhloaa)g. emma= 2 aT ima Ea Pa REE R At E, E R J 1CIAE N. LER me SE aE St RT E s on 3| | FIGURE 1. Asaton and sedimentation bain, Lodi sewage rectmant plant FIGURE 1. Aeration and sedimentation basins, Lodi sewage treatment plant 33.. AA SSooililWWhhiicchh IIss NNoott IImmppeerrvviioouuss of the soil ta PPrriioorr ttoo aanndd dduurriinngg tthhee ccoonnssttrruuccttiioonn oof tthhee sspprreeaaddiinngg bbaassiinnss,, ssaammpplleess 3 ken from the basin area were collected and of the soil taken from the basin area were collected and analyzed in the project laboratories. analyzed in the project laboratories. " Hanf i TThhee ssooiill pprrooffiilee is iilllluussttrraatteedd iinn FFiigguurree 33.. TThhee ssooiill iiss ccllaassssiiffiieedd aass aa ord fine sandy loam. This soil type is a recent alluvial so Hanford fine sandy loam. This soil type is a recent alluvial soil which surface and il which oovveerrllaayyss uunnccoommppaacctteedd alllluuvviiuumm.. It iiss nneeuuttrraall iinn rreeaaccttiioonn iinn bbootthh tthhee. subsoil. Figure 3 shows that although there are oc surface and subsoil. Figure 3 shows that although there are occasional clay lenses, permeable conditions generally exist 10 a depth casional clay lenses, permeable conditions generally exist to a depth of about 13 feet. On the basis of texture and structure, conditions l of about 13 feet. On the basis of texture and structure, co~lditions limiting the in- imiting the ine ffiillttrraattiioonn rraattee eexxiisstt oonn tthhee surffaaccee rraatthheerr ((SSeeee AAppppeennddiixx AA ffoorr ddeettaailleedd sooiilpprorofifilleess..)) tthhaann iinm,mmeeddiiaatteellyy bbeellooww iitt.. the constru PPaarrttiiccllee ssiizzee ddiissttrriibbuuttiioonn wwaass detteerrmmiinneedd oonn ssaammpplleess ccoolllleecctteedd dduurriinngg. ction of the basins. Sand sizes were measured the construction of the basins. Sand sizes were measured by sieving and soil particles having a diameter less than 0.05 mm were dbeytersmiienveidn.g and soil particles having a diameter less than 0.05 mm were d~termined L L 11001122..00002200 | WASTE WATER RECLAMATION 21 | WASTE WATER RECLAI~I~,TIO~ | FER JI i rep Ca il 3 ore pea NUL Sameer on IA MS ONSERRERY (URREEIEGNACGTaOmMe|) TB arASEL Fimboa a Al Wr=i wnails, ESoEmme meme eZno mt [Fg # | aT a Se ET J: Pie fr Eta TR -- Bo. OW rea v FIGURE 2. Eloveted storage tanks, Lodi sewage restr plat FIGURE 2. Elevated storage tanks, Lodi sewage treatment plant bbyy uussee Dasins ooffaa ssooiill is shown hhyyddrroommeetteerr graphically i((n1111A))p..pTTehhneedippxaarrAttii.ccllTeehessiizzeeeffddeiicsstttirrviiebbuustitizioeonnaniinnd four fuonui:r bffoaorsrmimniistyyisccsooheefofffwiiccniieenngttrssap((hHHiacazazelelnny)) inaarrAee pttapabebuunlldaaittxeeddA.iinnTThTaeabbellfeefe22c..tiTvTehheesiffzrreaaccattniiodonnussnooif-f claPye,rmsielatbailnidtysanofd aurnedipsrteusrebnetdedsoiinl Tcaobrlese 3w.as determined on surface clay, silt and sand are presented in Table 3. Permeability ssaammpplleess iinn tthhee of undisturbed soil cores was determined ccoonnvveennttiioonnaall mmaannnneerr.. ((SSeeee AAppppeennddiixx B.) B.) Tohne suvarflaucees The values oobbttaaiinneedd aarree `as maximum ggiivveenn iinn possible rTTaatabeblsleera44.t. hTTehrheetssheeappneerarmmseaeabvaieblriilaitgtiieeessexmmpueuscsttt ebbdee considered rcaotenss,idseirnecde `athtsheemtteaesxsttissmwwuemerreepnonososttibcclooenndrdauutccettseeddraoothvveeerrraathssauuniittaaabsbllayyvlleoornanggg eppeeerrxiipooeddctooeffd ttirimamteeestt,oosgginiivcveee Taste 2 VARIATIONS VARIATIONS OOIFFN EEFFFOFFUEECRCTTIISVVPEERES51IAZZDEEINAAGNNTDADBBALSUUEINNNI2ISFF,OORRLMOMDIIITT,YY CCCAOOLREIFFFFFOIIRCCINIEEINNATT WITH WITH DEPTH DEPTH IN FOUR SPREADING BASINS, LODI, CALIFORNIA Dehn ot Depth in feet AA nse |vet| E.S.* U.C.~" B ms [ve E.S. U.C. c (~ D [ms [ve | ms | ve E,S. U.C. E,S. U,C. r tom e | oOoRo| RanRs | 0G0000s| s|oG 0000%m|| oWrDa ftoaomss|] 7am 0.0056 Poon Wless) E8 aa) Ag 88) a 0.0019 doi BUR Oly| vo| 018| Mala| Soma| sale 0.0036 0.0420 BI Ce | 7 [Gon| add |S|ss oot | aos 0.1200 0.0800 vento 00022| 42.1 | 00800| 108.0 0.081| s1.0| 0oms| 05 Average............ 0.0422 45.5 116.0 66.7 11.9 4.3 7.9 0.0035 0.0027 0.0038 0.0024 0.1700 0.0012 42.1 0.0306 85.7 92.6 52.6 175.0 3.6 241.0 0.0032 0.0025 0.0014 0.1550 0.1600 0.0026 108.0 0.0541 67.3 96.0 111.0 3.2 3.1 25~4 0.0018 0.0018 0.0053 0.0074 0.0150 0.0019 51.0 0.0055 77.9 50.0 45.3 32.5 16.0 105.0 54.5 Ey Sob of re. * Effective size or Hagen in ram. ~' Unifornlity coefficient of Hazen. 11001122..00002211 2222 W `WAASSTTEE WWAATTEERR RREECCLLAAIM~IAATTIIOONN seein FEET DEPTH IN FEET 0 rally 2 LE0 Yav i 4 LN N 10/ .6 saupLin ' 0 SAMPLING 0' C' 177 9 sTaTIoN 8 dn STATION B' ~'-~ / Hi vhl FMo4 i7 MNoN EB fe 8 K i o 1 Io 1| | Ae -2 | monw a FINE SANOy ] LOAM : Lon save ] LOAMY SAN0 -- ] SILTY SAND H gs ] FINE SAND Hof E] owe COARSE SANO RHii 0 cuerevsand [| Ban | Ee II 12 : 5 In 4mtlo1| ]J 14 H HRN i15 gE EH BOR OR u1e6 " i II5 17 Ei} OEg IfKfl ol " hed of [B5 ONod IMNl 118 HF fHHW H= of wl A a td MRM - BBHE 5B HIR o HN 20 FIGURE 3. Profle skech of spreading bin res, Lod, Calorie FIGURE 3. Profile sketch of spreading basin area, Lodi, California Appendix A. These values are of relative rather than absolute signif aavveerraaggee rraatteess.. PPeerrmmeaebaibliilittiieess ooff ddiissttuurrbbeedd ssooiill ssaammpplleess aarree sshhoowwnn iinn Appendix A. These values are of relative rather than absolute signifi- Itctchyaha~nzenIIcencneddde.i.iaaffFAddffAodeedrirrietcecttinllinhooototessnneessbttttacrorosaooaerttrttarahheeeelxaaacnnaatthddibbioaooonnntvvthgheeeeeeeixximmriciestseontttenmesstxptxitilbbtoouueeenrnxrtteeewe.wsddsee..Teeaahnnnneaattllhhryyeeessseeurrssleetllssasaoottiiialilvrveeessaappmimenepprrlmm Tleeeasseabbalwwibeleieilrriteetiieeaassnnaooa.f-f ddlyeezggTTerrhhdeeeeeefohhooiriffgghthaahggepgpgrrrrbooeeapgpgsoaoaerttrtiiteoiioxononcnnhooafoofnffgtthddeheieivvcacaocllllmaeeaynynptlteffxrriiao.aocncnTttssiihoowewnnooruuiienlnlsdduttlhhtbbeseee accrooennddinuucciTivvaeebltteoo 55aa.. nnaattuurraall ssuurrffaaccee hhssiiooggfilhhl. cOOafflcppiauarmrt.tiiccTuuhllaaerr calcium. The riiennlttaeetrrieeossnttsihissiptthhaeeplplaaerraggrees relationship appears aattmymyppooiiuuccnanatllt ooooffff m mCCaaaalgglininffeeoossrriinnuiuimaam ssrrooeeiillllsasa,.ttiivvee ttoo tthhee 11001122..00002222 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION 2 23 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION TABLE 3 TABLE 3 FRACTIONS OF CLAY, SILT, AND SAND AT DIFFERENT DEPTHS IN FRACTIONS OF CLAY, SILT, AND SAND AT DIFFERENT DEPTH5 IN FOUR SPREADING BASINS, LODI, CALIFORNIA FOUR SPREADING BASIN5, LODI, CALIFORNIA Depth Depth in fst.feet Buin | Porentelyt | Perens | Percent sand Basin Percent clay~ Percent silt~ Percent sand3 Ere adi ABb5 9 550 at 116 =5112 m76 179 ifo64 C 8 28 Ro DAAB B I1 n11 iio10 43 inlfl 1i13 ion46 71 77 C 5 311 815 #74 52 Pil 4AA5DB 15 09 558 2pt33 18 24 " 7~Fi73t8s bo 5 5 = 70 C 15 22 63 8 22 70 | Vy DABA B b 6 508 otf i6 12 5 =88 5i80 w9n5 || || C D A |=] eA3 0 3832i 5 16 2i12 76 a95 ii93 | | i " 5 B 1 C 2 6 1 97 82 Bera] DA3AB 4 55 i711 a7314 3 17 i7@92 72 i7 i51 a42 61 Avenger] ABA8 11 7.0 10.3 ws 7.0 77s3 01% =3 7.8 28 10.5 14.0 82.5 78.2 Average .............. 5 oi Ex) ws C R pe SN R el D 7.2 9,5 20.3 26.0 72,5 64 .,5 lu:Clay: Slit: Deeds utils es han 0.002 Defined as particles less than 0.002 ram. aterte an .0r 30 msut Defined as particles greater than 0.002 mm but eletsshsshthdannn00,2..0055500 weram. Sand: D~ned as particle~ greater than 0.050 mm but less than 2.0 ram. | preAAslelttnhhtoo,uutgghhhe vvsoaairrliiaawttaiiosonndsseeeexxmiiessdtteeddsataaimmsofoanncggtottrhhyeefobbraassuiisnness and iannda sccpllarayyealldeeinnnssgeessstwwuederyree. | pvCCaororennissaesitinddietoe,rnratashttiieooonnnsoooeilffxpwttehhareesimvvdaeaernreiitmaaattleiiodonrnsessasuatailmmstfosoanncwggtaosttrhyheegfibbovaaressniiunnsssaenaaidnnnddaarttehshpeedreeeiffasffcdeeuiccnsttsgooeffdstttuhehldeessyseee-. vwwhahreeirareetioiinnns tthhoiinss report. experimental report. results was given and are discussed else- 4,4.. LLoowwWWataeterr TTaabbllee The ground water level is at least 22 feet below the ground surface. The ground water level is at least 22 feet below the ground surface. 55.. Distance From Laboratories TDoidsitanicselForcoamteLdabaoprpartoorxiiems ately porLtoadtii oins floaccialtietdiesapapreroaxviamilaatbellye 80 s8o0 tmmhiailtleesssaffmrropolmmesBBecerorklkeleleleceyty.e.d PPiunubbltlihicce mttrroaarnnnss--- piSTnueogg"OwrOtaccnangaatittennohhenebbTeerbbfaeaarrsaseceiicticssleemioioitevifvfneeestttddhhaeePiirnnleppartrtnhaeehtvecceeaeildildtalaiiabnbnwbooggalrresaaaanttnsosaooaelrrllyyyytehssciceaitssaaterrdoolslfyfayamttstthhhhpeebaaleettssssiitssttecaeasmomaaulevvelieataciaaeiltlffdeaattdebbetlrlroneeinnooaatotothtnhintts.ehheesmtLLuooodrdyndi.-i tPPSoeeerwrummsaiegissestsihioToennrfeawwacaitam lssitegginerrtsaannoPtftleeaiddtnstttosoietttwhhaweegaeUUsntnisrievveleeaerctrstsmieietdtnyytabbpsyylabnttehths.eet CsiutityedCotuonctihlisofstLuoddyi. City Council of Lodi to use the facilities of its sewage treatment plant. 11001122..00002233 a :24 WASTE WATER ' RECLAMATION TABLE 4 PPEERRMMEEAABIBLILIITTYy oOfF SSUURRFFAACCEE SSOOIILL CCOORREESS IINN FFOOUURR SSPPRREEAADD!ING ~ ~ ,--,---- BBAASSIINNSS,, LLOODDII, LODI cALIFORNIA CALIFORNIA* pli Tre = A 3B B (north) (soulh) c D (north) a D (south) * UndiSturbed soil eOr~s, .] Permeability Ge~ o ord) Pcrnmabilit,y (feet per daY) 0.96 O. 96 0.89 0.72 E 3.91 2.73 2.89 TABLE 5 us BAsE EXCHANGE COMPLEx OF SURFACE SOILS IN SPREADING BASIN5 ; 105 caimeh = LODI, CALIFORNIA 8aml)ling station rw i |pi = 11 ((snuubbsuogiil)y*e...... 2.8 a, Wee..-.'" aa 3.1 A' Milli-equivalenta per 100 grams of soil ~ Mg No, i1.5 Ba Trace i0i.28 1.7 Trace 0.37 ,total 4,~ A' 3.8 2.6 A' "'" 4.2 BS ' n fi4r.4 32.22 0.72 0.42 0.73 00..5566 2 0.73 B' 3.9 BT C'-1--" ...l .....t.i... 44.11 C' 3.8 3.7 0.70 0.37 1i.h8 0.17 0.51 1=.0 0.51 0.77 19 0.70 0.51 7-.3 1.9 0.76 0.51 C' 4,2 2.9 0.58 0.69 7'7 2.3 0.64 0.60 C'_ 3.3 7 = 0.78 0.55 8 I)' 2.5 3.8 0.76 0.60 7'3 I)' 2.2 3.3 0.76 0.65 ~.0 te (| 3.4 Average, 4.2 a a a-8 2 3.8 2.7 0.67 0.64 9'4 00.7722 00..60=66 72'47 0.65 0.53 11001122..00002244 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION 25 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION 25 CCOONNSSTTRRUUCCTTIIOONN OOFF FFIIEELLDD SSPPRREEAADDIINNGG BBAASSIINNSS (FiITgnnsii,ttiiaa4ll-ll1yy4,,).ffooPuurrriottreesstttobbmaasasiiknniss,n, gceaatcchhhe 1a19c9tuffeaeelett biiannsinddsii,aammseaetmteeprrl,,iwwnegerreweelccloosnnswstterrruuecetteiendd- # ssc(ttoFaasillsgllpeesodd.o..l4-HH1door4lile)el.ssl,,Pinr33gi88orriiign.ntocchhAmeessackaiinininsgsddoiintaahmmoeefetatee3cr6rtu-aaiannnlcddbha11sd55iinasffme,eeeestttaemddreepecelppoi,nr, grwwuwegerareeetllesd(dtwuugagea'rlebbvyyainn-aa- 2 cici11zzel33eese-~ddsFafporoiiooaorrtonotoclnllneeedvvppaereiilirlplpssol,ee,iunwwn11gad55assrtffiddehegreeer.ototpppAllipopopenneecdggda,w,isiiawwnsnsiottiotntobhhaeecoaaaakfccccfcchhi3eel6hhsls-esosoidlnlwweecwihii(n(ntFidddhgiooig.awsw.omssi44l)e).aat.wtethTTritthhhhcqeeeehooor11wrn,n,uaee22g-s-,,iiantn44tc,aec,hnhd77i,,apaenln10d0nnuuiaallnnnaatddrro tcpPalllieaasaccsreeoann.iincneSoooarrirddloeeurrwnattdsoo thmppeorreeupvvnieeptnneettdwttahthsoee baffarrcehekeeefiiglffllhloetowdw woooffiftohwwnaseaottieeflrrowotddhooicawwhrnnowuttnahhdsee tatssmiihddeepe ecoodafif inthtoe ssthoen catataht iestthshcoeeanigg.srsrSooonouuinnlwddewrssaeuusrrwffmaeaclcoedeuend((tFFeitidggo..tpo55r)e).a.veAAhnleltlligljjhoeoaiti'knnaottgssfe.iionnnetthhfeeoouutppppaeerrrommuonosdstt tfhieve five feet of caisson ~eet of trheeaLLcaachddaditdsehesreorssnacaawcnneeddsrsesswhhwieenlelvvlddeeoesswdswweteorrreeeapdribbeluuvyiileltnt(tFiiinnlgett.oaok6eea)aag.ccehhL. atwweeerllalll mmtaaukkniinnneggl's iitot nlppyoosssssilihbillgeehtlttoyo rlpJ((aeFaaFraign~icgge'he.r.wrt7a7h)tst)eh..haaaaAAnnlclcmmoettwhishiesenendi.iwmssmiaaunTummmdhmpopelwlcciillncsneeoggaarlrerlapaaepncndaatccnniieelssyngoofwwf(pFeeooarir~nnneee'es. ddf6fo(uuo)ooi.ggtgtL.boobaueuetttttt8w.)rweaaeaeltteaI~nrteeeuaatth~cchaehheepplcesaraaaccoiiccosxseesnsissoolmssynnatwwsmaelinii~lgndndy'ddbtotothl1hwwye0e piITnnaaclcnshheeewssbaobbstyytaol11ml00so,wiineancdcnhh.deeTssshlbbeoyypec11do88llteiiocnntcacinhhgeeJs's-ipoonaucunthtsssiisded(eceFtididgoiinm.meeo8nfn)ssitioaounrnbessi,,nagccpoopsnnrososlttdxrreiuumrccettadeetddealtywwitit1hthh0e dfdVaiiilssdscciehhnaagbrrog&gteetloemeeannddsd.,.inaRRtnouudbbtbhsbeeleorrpseattdumupbbtliioninnggagwwwaae-silsnlc.cchooEnnsanuececehctcittopeendadnottofowatttushhbeefiinmmlgleeetdtsaaolwlhittnnehiirppesppdlaleena,,dt ppatrrhnoo-ed- _ srgairrdaasivvfneeiglllleaaadsslweffiaootdllhlloiouwwistn:os:cthhTTehhteeosaJbbm-ooipttnttlcoihonmmggrllwaaavyeyeelellrr.;,,tEhccaeoocmmhnpeprpxritiassniilnanwgyge'ars~, fooiflfolefttdhtheheweipptphaaannnsavvnoodlluuammneed,, wwwaaasss fffiiillllleleeddd with %g-inch with -inch to with ~(;-inch to d-inch gravel; -inch gravel ; the to ~-inch gravel; thenext the rlaeymeari,n~deorf remainder ofthe of the pan was pan ~olume, the pan was DEER rE -- adeenR HEX -- Ade e LRARENSIPY 1p SH, 8 We ~ TF CT Rid= i sp0b 0 EET Tae = - : ma a Re a Ee a (a : pee FIGURE 4. Sampling wll in ploce FIGURE 4. Sampling wells in place 11001122..00002255 -- ---------- % WASTE warn sacrum 26 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION || ~ a Te --m . = hi28 d]1| i Ff alT a SESO : 4 RES Semin wl showing odor ond see FIGURE 5. Sampling well, sho~ing ladder and earth mound ; 7 ---- TN J 7 4 . 4i : 1W\N | : ! i \ M : 4) TRoUE. Seimaning ell showing ladder= , so"lo col NA Sampling Wel I, showing ladder, sample collecting trays, and sampling 11001122..00002266 el | "WWAASSTTEE W WAATTEERR RREECCLLAAM MAATTIIOONN 2271 { : 3 1 ; 4 - Ba + hy 8 ih . aSlHEEN| Nae Ny TFoE eNn e a A FFIIGGUURREE 77.. LLaatteerraall ttuunnnneell pprriioorr ttoo iinnsseerrttiioonn ooff ccoolllleeccttiinngg pan pan Lr yi i oi BE i |T Lo 2 `00x",, i i I| +> / MB seour LeSPrOuUgTine ~~ -- TUBING 22 Ga. ALY. 1RoN COLLECTING PAN 22 CA. GALV. IRON A FIGURE 8. ThIsometric view of galvanized sheet metal sample collecting pan 11001122..00002277 ATT waves rECEAvATION 228 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION Saati TER | | Vie Zz FIGURE 9. Testing filled sampling pan :~ 2 I5 . - . yS i A SC EY i -A ds \ ) nN BR N\N\N B\ FIGURE 10. Placing sampling pan i 10122..00002288 W`WAASSTTEE WWAATTEERR IR~E]C~CLLAAMMAATTIIOIOqN" 2299 SN i I77ITAL 0 11] 4 2. 5 iF 4 yA | i' "al HHH LL | Cl ny ANYhy | LA ANW-- | 55% \\ |E ARAN ------ ---- Si % FIGURE 11. Replacing access window Be wu | CT EETNRERN ERRei 7>:SRY Eh a : | | | GiEsadal Gil tal RB na pyLS lA de A rE ee BSEEP Rs R sn nh rs FIGURE 12. Dike joint detail 11001122..00002299 3O V~'ASTE V~'ATER RECI~A~!~ATION . -a ih - o Mis ali a i mo 7 iL pos ES ee --= a. 8 i Seer RE ES ps mers 7 | To RESiad 0 aTR RLr A ENa CEIRAAA Sa a S FIGURE 13. Digging trench for dike x m-- -- | ; Sg a" = gy BD >d"soiteiMsl"Hm at FIGURE 14. Completed spreading basins i AR ---- 1012..0000330 nett] WASTE WATER RECLAMATION 3311 ffiilllleedd wwiitthh ~Yoo--iinncchh ttoo ~%go--iinncchh ssaanndd ((FFiigg.. 99)).. TThhee ffiilllleedd ppaannss wweerree sslliidd iainnsttoopattchhkeeinttugunnnntoeellssinasaunnrdde ppcaaoccmkkpeelddetiiennttosooipplll-aasccaeend((FFcioigng.t.ac11t00.).). TFFhiieeellddclessaooirillanwwcaeasssuupssaeecdde as packing to insure complete soil-sand bbeettwweeeenn ppaann aanndd cdaaiissssoonn wwaass bbaacckkffiilllleedd contact. aanndd tthhee The aacccceessss cwwleiiannrdadonowcwe bbsoopllatteceded i oonn aafftteerr lleeaaddiinngg tthhee ssaammpplliinngg ttuubbee tthhrroouugghh iitt ((FFiig~.. The spreading basins were formed from 14-gauge 1m11e1)t)..al sheets, 24- The spreading basins were t~ormed from 14-gauge metal sheets, 24- iinncchh bbyy 112200--iinncchh,, bboolltteedd ttooggeetthheerr ttoo ffoorrmm aa ddiikkee ((FFiigg.. 1122)).. TThhee ddiikkeess wweerree sseett iinnttoo cciirrccuullaarr ttrreenncchheess wwhhiicchh wweerree bbaacckkffiilllleedd aanndd mmoouunntteedd ttoo pprreevveenntt sseeeeppaaggee uunnddeerr tthhee ddiikkeess ((FFiigg.. 1133)).. TThhee ddiikkeess eexxtteenndd 1144 iinncchheess aabboovvee tthhee ggrroouunndd ssuurrffaaccee ((FFiigg.. 1144).). TToo mmiinniimmiizzee llaatteerraall wwaatteerr ffllooww,, eeaarrittghhuddriiekkeess1,,5 22s55hoffweeseettassqpquluaaarnree,o,fwwteehrreee tbbeusuitilltbtaaasrironosuunnadds weeeaalcclhh attseessttthebbaaslsiainny.o. ut of the Figure 15 shows a plan of the test basins as well as the layout of the | sampling points. sampling points. M3odoidfiificcaattiioonnss ooff tthhee eexxiissttiinngg ppiippiinngg ssyysstteemm aatt tthhee LLooddii SSeewwaaggee TTrreeaatt-- | | msmteeonnrtat gPPelltaaannnttkswwee(rrFeeig.nneec2c)ee.ssssTaahrryeystteoo tccaoonnnkvvseeayyretthhfeeoupprllaainnntt neeufffmfllbuueeernnt,t ttooof t5thh,ee00ee0lleegvvaaalttleeoddn | | sctctahaopaprataaccgiaitetyygt,,raanaavknnisddty(aaFfrrieeege.d11552f)r.ffoeeTeemtht etaashbebeootvvsaeetnokrggsarrgooaeuurnendtd.af.nokuEEsrnnoitonouuggnthhhuemhhbseepeaarrdd,eaoiidsfsi5naa,vgv0aa0ibi0llaaasbgbillaneelslossinoos | that a gravity ppoossssiibbllee.. EEaacchh feed ttaannkk iifssroccmoonnnntehecectteesddtottrhahrgroeouugtgahhnkaas66t--oiinnccthhhemmasapnnireiffaoodlldidngttoo baaas44i--niisnnccihhs | ddbaiisaaimmnsee.tteerrOrhhigooiuunssaeellccyoo,nnnnteewccottiioolnn-itntrrcaahnnssbiiyttee ss-eeiwwnecehrr ppwiiappteeerlleeamadedtiinengrgs ddimirreeeaccsttlluyyrettdoo ttthhheee | basins. aammoouunntt Oooffrillgiiqiqnuuaiilddlyss,pprrtweeaaodd 1oo-nnineecaahcchhbbybaassBiinn-inaacnnhdd wccaaatttttellree mfeeetderfsloamt evaasluvreesdwethree feed float valves were uulissqeeuddidttooflommwaaiainnnttdaaiimnnaiccnootnnassittnaainnnttg llciiqoqnuusiidtdanddteepphttheh.a.d TTshhoeeossnee prddeoevvviieccdeessunffsooarrtismmfeaetcteteorrriinyn.gg | liquid flow TThheeyy wweerree and maintaining constant rreemmoovveedd aanndd aa mmaannuuaallllyy hooeppaeedrraastteoedodn iinpntrteoervrmmeidittttueennntstatlliiisqqfuuaiicddtoaarpyp--. | pplliiccaattiioonn ssyysstteemm wwaass so that measurements uusseedd.. of the AAliqssummiadallldl esspttitillhlliincnoggulwwdeelbllle wwmaaassdesseetwt iiitnnhttooa eehaaoccohhk bbgaaasgsieinn. | so TTthooapptrrmoovveiiaddseeurpperrmiimemnaatrrsyyoeeffftffhllueueelnnitqt uffooidrr dsspperrpeetahaddciinongugldppuubrreppomossaeedsseaawnn ietehlleeavvaahttoeeoddk33g,,0a00g000e--. | gallon sedimentation tank was built. This was operated on a fill and gallon sedimentation tank was built. This was operated on a fill and | ddrraaww bbaassiiss aass nneeeeddeedd.. DDuurriinngg tthhee ssuummmmeerr ooff 11995511 ffoouurr aaddddiittiioonnaall sspprreeaaddiinngg bbaassiinnss wweerree | ccoonnssttrruucctteedd ffoorr ssttuuddyyiinngg ppeerrccoollaattiioonn rraatteess.. TThheessee aarree iiddeennttiiccaall ttoo tthhoossee | aallrreeaaddyy ddeessccrriibbeedd eexxcceepptt tthhaatt nnoo ssaammpplliinngg ffaacciilliittiieess wweerree pprroovviiddeedd.. AA ffllooww ddiiaaggrraamm ooff tthhee sseewwaaggee ttrreeaattmmeenntt ppllaanntt aanndd ooff tthhee sspprreeaaddiinngg : basin facilities is shown in Figure 16. basin facilities is shown in Figure 16. 11001122..00003311 32 `WWAASSTTEE WWAATTEERR RECLAMATION RECLAMATION --n-- PLOTA' PLOT B' LL ~>LOT C' Access moaD LODI SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT ACCESS ROAD PLOTG t PLO" O PLOT D' ,~=I~_lPLOAT @|| Of5 al = 264' [ze ~ I Test asin ran TEST BASIN PLAN roa PLOT A rors PLOT B rote PLOT G Ea Ae " rove PLOT O ~S section A-a, ELEvATION SECTION A-A, ELEVATION (SHOWING ELEVATION OF SAMPLING PANS) (SHOWING ELEVATION OF SAMPLING PANS) riora P LOT A riots PLOT B rior PLOT G roto section a-a, Lan SECTION A-A, PLAN ((SSHHOOW WIINNG G LLO OCGAATTIIOONN O OFF SSA AMMPPLLEE PPA ANNSS AANNDD L LA ADDDDEERRSS)) FIGURE 15. Spreading bin layou, Lod, California FIGURE 1,5. Spreading basin layout, Lodl, California | 11001122..00003322 1 W `WAASSTTEE WWAATTEERR RREECCLLAAIM~AIATTIIOONN 3333 i i f12ie : ;= z [ai eZa = is 2 3 g 2 8 2 Y pfeeiE g= fifeSE 5a 'i [a=?z S2c EE : = 20 x 23 I3 ogld = 5sz3 w5o a z i : 1 3 R=z 128 O 1-3 =| izz f EEN z $5, g $:i zgz"i by JB3 11001122..00003333 5 i 34 34 WASTE WATER REOLAMATION WASTE WATER RECLAMATION I I EXPERIMENTAL Operation ofthe Spreading EXPERIMENTAL PPRROOCCEEDDUURREESS I i i Op.Upe.rsoaintnigontthohefethfSeaaccSlilpliirtteiieaosdninddgeesBBscaarcssiirinbnises~d Which had received a.b.ov.e .if rag posible to spreadssae Ii 1 fDbtbhaaoassnasiititnnn.ssss.aammFM Mpopeluelaeearssssuuooorrfffeemmttthehheeenentpptssdebeiarroofscefffiooenlrlttgeaahhnettet.mim,nrrogaadattehieegrpooegfafeispppeeoorprufcceloodtldlraatetwbmiaieottnnmcheocclnsooltaueuclmlodtdpneldbhieeeniggmmhatafddaesecpi!lHoiTnotn eassd4sd i ii tm~ehaaeelsinggarrnoodFuuonncdduh:essmmuoircf'ffaaytleheeeea.nablayssiin~ss The method .were. eq.mpped with af due~pptbhnss ooff 11,,92,, 44,,77,, for sampling fbaacciltitei.reisOl 1100 aanndd ]133 ffeeeett ~e~u,, of operation ii halTfh4e ~alf a fSmooooettthaaonnddd.ommfeeoaapsseuurrraeetittohhneo ww~Ya:ao~ssu:-n~'1~0 by means of a hook gage Daily a-nfhlood~oadd-ceaa ebblaaessviianntittooon aainddeetpphetthhstooi~fl~laianttg lVolefaed~}f i .mdsmSvaYppeeaarrppdddemetteeahaheddaaabiioOnninnnFfsgdgdnnfoppoommrfeteteorronariliTreooeeeoshddosfo,,ttoetetwllhkshisiaqtataqt~nu~nue,lliiairidqd~~hRqueauaaai'lidlddffdd~ ~diaaiaaattuudidiffoojdyoom uneeoossyd,trr.eewwaapSprseeddeee~eiririrvesnioinaeooggspucrddtssaiseoileccpooaafdedpfllldaellaettyydyhvhsseaes5tt~oo0popssiroruuttm miihurrhooafpaaarraiiattincnsnttttetsohotthaaheeeicttiehnllnhbbeeeeusavvaatssaaeieninilttnnnlniiidodhnaosnvnuagooerv~fr~ff0aaiegrOf]~~ ccwaCyyrorcecTetluloeeselldtiiloonnoffbggwessiPpppnfeerrrgreereiieaaaooddddpoiirnfnddeggwuluriaraaiminntnineddgngrarrwworaeenhyns'shittiicctitnhhhnhgegetthwmlhTaeaaeasvrsytbbaradraseeaiyppyyneeaaS]sottuufeerrddfftt.ha.ahceceeesswwpparraeessaaadadlliilnlnooggwweeppddeerrttiioooodddd..srryy'uAA,,rMgtef~E:' i 0ao8~b,lF11eo99sl55l0o0w,w,eirwwnehah~eesnnealeopocnnrtleleyyldimfTfoooiuunrsramrbbpyaagssss.iiaenntrsssiieoosnmwwpeoolrpfeetsppeDrrree5 atdiinngg nccyyuccmllbeesserdduuorrfiinnoggpetdrhhaeetissnugmu~ne cefiecafrfhhbffeeeeelsmmcechitsticcowowaaannlletreppppereeoo,rrsllccellsooululeelttaaciwiotttaoieinnogdoennooffforraartt((e1me1ss))~aa-ttnn-hhdgeec"ooonnmnnaaepttt~tuluhheerreeteeemppmieooeunnffnvvseeeeettfts,h,~rlr~teoaaaai;ttog~iinla,oi~lotuqnOni.muonioonbd,f.ferbTb~Tbaahe.hoccoieftntsseeg.eerr.i.ii.oisio.n.plln.oc.ocr.lggelquiuia~dccddwaaeelldd.v=a2a~t i ii Sdfs((ree2a2evv~y)seeshrrttaahhllweemmalloteoeennrnnt,ggththtsshhse;;wooaf((f3g3)tt)ehheetttthrhreeleseapaoltlrtemeepmnnaeei~gdnnttinglhtnlg~~ppllpapaeneartrtiiooffddiinn,,aallrraaeennffBfgfl'uiulineniengqgntut,,iffdrraaoonnmbmddeioonssnnegeeetttsilwwepederaeeeeaskskdee,wwuuaappvgsifet IR ri~anaggTy.,hsetthttshooeeeaauudssweweeteeaeooeikffkl;e;aadaassnnaaddnndd((44cc))oo" vvcceerhhr,,a-~n-aago-nen~.dso~ftim :ihmhnteeh~~teahaaepeprrepep~~blsl.atitiancscis~iaanmngtgti'i'osspponenessrruuioomr.roffffddaaa.,,c..essrr.,oaoainiln:li~.gn?.ssiictt,nanla,~bu,bg,idi.lliffriinzrosgeoomrrms..ptaNt CJJuuonnTeehl,,els11e99e5o5d22cf.e.SttaaTTimihlhepeeodleoonssspptteeuurrddaaiitteeiinssnggb,beessggce'aahhnneeddiuiunnileeJnJsaaaannrruueeaarrsyyh,po, owl11n99551ii1n,n, Table 6, and continued Tanadbleco6n.tinued u~ti unfl BddCouuotaSrlrtlniiealncnmemgtgpifpolocelnereaassoccbhfhawwScessaetrppmreeerrrpeielcocaaeolodsdloliilglneneigcccgtateleppddeerrffiirooroddom..m AAeebbaaoccouhhuttssaa1Jm5ma0ppllm1iin}nlggwwepDeroroeei~tcctoolaalllbbeeooccuuttteetdd ooninncceea a wot a wee' steril fitfibcocohoeerratddtnlcceaahhsnnieefxddmomirhiscsocbhhaauaiillrppcspaptaeneenoraddaliloldyyttlsooowsiighsstt.ihe.hceneaAAllPPllaalrrnnoossaajjaalelmyemycsp;stpiillsslele~assaabbnnoowwrddreaeatrprptoeeooarryrnpypt.itaaoccsTTnkk.hsheeeeddooffssiiaan55nmmtt00opo00pllaeaemmnsnsll iwwneesrruieelnacct4ooelldlsleeteccbrttoieO~ld winesruelantoetdmboot than six hours old when Bacteriological Analysis rreecceeiivveedd ffooor aannalaylysissis,. were not mo ccBooannDDcsstuieuirssrrttiiioeennlddogggooittcffhhaeeltthAheceenaaarrttlollyoyytstaaisllppaapprrllttaattooeeff ccttoohhuuiisnsnttwwanoourqrdk roup organisms tftthhheeee cbsboaoacnncttfteeiirrrrmiimooeelldodoggititecceasastltl . examinatior fefooxrramccioonllaiiftotiorVorld: i Li3gi7rtotluddepeeggsriorgeerneegiafiCCn.ci.asnmsscttesa.ann((dd11Faa22orr))rd.d. Pliitthlpelesmigennitfictahnecete.st,For ttITaahhttggiisssasaoorrorroenneppalslsabbaoogeteennec.caamctypmhoeeeyaurt]naatppaappnnwoaaaaorlelreyyereeesnsniittsshBtiitwhgwghhaaahatlsltsyyttddhhvivieessaacrcrrroioieeaannssbbttuuillilnleenttususeeaaododnf.fn.d {adot | ts$(uh11ep38)p)fliewwnmaaalsseneuuftssfeetfdhdu.ee.ntTTtehhaseetndfcfcoooorrnncccceeoonnlltiitrfrfoaaotrtrmiiomonnoorocgrgfagnfoeiascsmanlsssaittrreteteepsstttocffo,oocrrc, if,'feeccpaaallrtssittrorenpeltpoatcroolcCyoCt1di5 i organisms, oopFthffreoevtthfhedieednattwwlooaabetbtefeeefrrlooufferrllneeiiltlttititelaeledednvdvooaalnnlttuuhheeette.,hhetopPHteeeermmrnnccoeeoooseesllttaaasttssePescddresosmbswwpmaanabt~ce.eleenersrsts,,,ouoffuwwmttpahahtybeseoecbbssroaoao(cc,otetllfeLoororwiicpooolalttloohirhfg~taaoiiitctrccmuaattlllhhaiippgrssul.uryror{i"t6}yP} probable organisms. number of coliform #0 a 11001122..00003344 -- E | WASTE WATER RECLAMATION | | |]| 35 | | 1 11 ofa BP e oEil I3nnFfiaEdi || [] ]2% 13 3 1 nHn3y 33 1| 23 i2 1Si 3 1 Eon fg p o? f: i He |Loaa 41 JE ey i| glHop4]| cer onl1322 oome vwz momen ol1239:s | V|E 32 h [ PE | V n5s1 3| son gern o3 saan B1F OREE 3 318 2i z 1i 25:b= el | goon nwo mance = Pi ' || (PgEemma TERRRRL i a | Bi Pelle died gn 11001122..00003355 Ey 7x obHv] Ri Poixe EofS fo pJE a LHie HFE e Eivie iiiBoi! hid 2 i|54:] ki Ji[ao,n Jicet Jwe: ih JiJi HE w/h 7 Lae! lyy lL: Lios I Jil fil -- | 36 36 nicl Ancly, Chemical ong WASTE WASTE WATER WATER R REECCLLAAM MAATTIIOON N ] on all sania 2.BCai0_ht.RaRerneiameltlSyleiaacse,teatssiinlvviAiieennnllccyaylllyuacusdooiprosnygp~Ppldeeegt,teeccrhhmeeimmnii.cc,aall aannaallysseess t v n, e on all wa sa.mpl~' .~WsSf~.aoertd~.re~i..e,,u.ema,,nndmgy.ttsSrreuuaallttffeeaiid,d,dleeeaai;,dvnnadadai~n~t.nogy5.r,r~g.tm,ha.conmcoiaenaact,dttimitpohonqnnesssa--noomcfifYaeo'lffnnoeos~sui--u~~urbbmoefTo,ro~ororeoamnmsn,s,avdeoecmhhfellsoonnhrmiiiitmddtre,eoe,,gPsPP moh C~dh'O ~iooslt, aS,{~tn,i.~:~],oue:}~ng~}su,nh~oaaot~lentn..sgocc,Tagaaenddtthyiaiyeoeoltntnooaeees,nnlrnrkeem>pm;lSs_iyiiaan~rn~mg"i:~pP'._l.~~~~e?n,uo,epqaecdcd~ihbhafee~arfueycetlekekoajtrtinnegtvticchnShyn~ceee-qret-wyycwaab.aa,ceealseescta puuiwHru,p re,aa,m,.ce~y,vBt0h mOy oof,ifaD,~fagt,'hnttheahaeeesnnsoidduessmumpuidmmam,prissasortsoo~y~fle1Vltei~]r7 MeSs=aaantsetieu~;s~f*rWaaoceamVtt,seoorncryyya..lcoful.a,at,eordog.~~~th,pPe.eerdrc"c~eenf'nfte,treddniicffeffeebrreeentnwcceeeeellnneosstsshGetshreainssuufmmivsseaawpPaTesE~ | HHMToeeoharkese.uigr,eain'mgf~efepeno,rtr,eovnfegPPoeey,r~rcbcooelltaaEtwtXiiOoeo0nenSSnRapdteaeriscloylaliquid level Edings as I hpre]l Ford fate on' naman and r VfTreoEirPdoeotdrhteidn~gg,aPyP:i~,s,rta4agtm6cpr7nge mM~aaeiirnntt8aaaT5~i'~,'n~pe:aode~rrr,~caymf*oo?ltalrFthitieeqieoounsnv7,iidm,m0hTppl;elohlvyyes,e,sleeaarssereeafdsetn uienlTtgtrs.ppescoaww<rtaeemsrdreee~anest~Ee,StHlploatnh~: ainfall Arnie ros 3~~o%r-~thut~~hee~ddjaagi~yoll~yy nyeevpttatgPn:ea~or2cl~~o.ll'~a"t?Oi'Y~Foneeavvcaa~ppnooerraaLttiiooodnni Sewau'e ttoo'{thh~e dd gny gross reyal , 1(!.TPTBBhhNoae,cc)ttaeavrrioeoofrlloaGogggeiciatyAlgnAocnlarylsysse1essthe deRtEReESrSUmULiLnTTaSSt ost probab wut mrrmTeeuaassrduNdtleehtt:oshpyoby,rtgehlayetkdaJoanrnyuoarEyrI,O"aUgDg'0onogba0tbpeaidisgnmeed fporinoomon5f5s00Sttooo60miendivTiadbul!selhueolnth)! `T nafoeaeluf~nlrllltlAlti(luhetDnhDr ,Basoinrgegrorerp)aohr1aienddaaftCta.eroTbththeaeJinudebnadeet'g,aidn1iun0nr5ii2nT.nagbTlne spardbeliaeod&inn5gsoifht]i r ddStiiadditehttshh.oepnplyyajteieL MBXspo States Healy od tohne c Rfirastya popreion nd iasngy fail oocffonafdoeferpoamtudhir0n0g6;ftLoudrnliy CH he bwaired0Duryinogrt,hecsol,ei cwIvPeireieod,basctaemrpiolleogi ical n tostand otaprloy depths Fy drirnom py ato eSPeelwtcategreagoiro,froopi, Th I Iresh wwaagcherthat cunts. the higher. hangs tha from t sein ined SAE WPtIaueliaAntlhRlel'yv&tdrerdfeiernegigiienaytSIrOnaT4Od.eOcfrpoeurqrgu:eeyghfainenDaeslntcetfOrfnaluteiBnoatns,diinTdghinAsotfaiisennddplruplBt (1t00he,nCsk) aBctoouaintdngjeg pvdeagmflonsostttrag, tiinoFnisghuri,p17between sample Tt will be not doepeth allt aveeealrt) W)1DevhOhinniccdthhihetcefonrglyogeo'ylead he Lot TE gy gePtpthy waHaasltlTnorr hre aFte eeesdnctrheealnao!tf stil Si hi en the this Seport, ec *CIn ethesewabtaesiPngdoiriescohtly rtooatphoerPatOm, ,vLoerdS Enlye] i d 11001122..0000366 ! | ag WASTE WATER RECLAMATION 37 TABLE 7 M MPPNN OOFF CCOOLLIIFFOORRMM OORRGGAANNIISSMMSS AASS AA FFUUNNCCTTIIOONN OOFF DDEEPPTTHH IINN FFOOUURR | SPREADING BASINS, LODI, CALIFORNIA Average MPN per 100 ml gg [ S A E = >ae E l p 7 Basin: A B C D 2 Depth in fet. I : Depth in feet Liquid applied Final effluent Settled sewage Final effluent Settled sewage Final effluent Fresh water Final effluent 179x10~ 4140x10' 188x10~ 5700x10~ 188x10~ 0 3m rani] 11..22 11.66 e48s2. 220.. 1148.8. wh~r 2__ 285. 32. 5.6 0 305. rns 0 0 02 0 02 4 .............. 2.1 0.6 0.5 0 7._ 0 0 0.2 0 2.0 0.2 rsI ML 0 | 0s i0__ 0 0 0.1 0 0.1 0 0 0.3 232. 11..66 164x10~ 0.2 0 0 0o [30 0o " soi TABLE 8 MeN OF COLIFORM ORGANISMS AT DIFFERENT PERIODS AS A FUNCTION OF i MPN OF `DEPTH IN COLIFORM DEPTH IN THREE SPREADING BASINS, ORGANISMS AT DIFFERENT THREE SPREADING BASINS, LODI, CALIFORNIA PERIODS AS A FUNCTION LODI, CALIFORNIA OF jr eee gi wo AAvveerraaggee IMVPIPNN ppeerr 110000 mml.l i lL > Basin:* A B C o} ie ws | se ees | yw | woe s | ame | nse Depth in feet 4/~/5~- 12/6/51 12/27/512/29/52 1/14/517/29/5I 11/9/512/29/52 4/2/517/29/51 11/9/512/29[52 Surface .......... 82x10a 163x10~ 223x10a 62x10S 307x10S 2.7 0.9 248x~0a 558. 0 0.2 950. 10.3 0 235. 0.1 573. 1.8 38. 0.1 0.9 0 3.2 | 0 0 0 04 0 03 7_'_ ............ 0 0 0.4 0 0.3 ye ; o 0 ol afs | I0.............. 0 0 0.2 0 0.1 LEE in es 0 0 o| es 13 .............. ~ ............ 0 0.6 Bi7ol |||| * [~'inal effluent applied throughout Lest period. 101122..00003377 3388 J cao of WASTE WATER REcLaATION Iooo i WASTE WATER RECLAMATION ww Eg 1)\ tot| i } || \4 | :a 2 A | | Gr10 |i SL =m o--a xox Leon ` LEGEND BpaAsSiINn A B 5 D LLIIOQUUIIDD. sApeplLIl~I FINAL eri! FINAL F- FFLU~N -ado do eR ees ME FRFSH | z: oWh z No 5 A) i || g310] \ A\ SU tg --L -- 0.1 fh : Te. he 52 66 7 7 8 9 II I PTH In rect o DEPTH IN FEET Pobetl"ePhrienmbfeorurofscprtefadboigrsonupgergonvns #44 FIGURE 17. of Most probable number of coliform rou organisms as a functio~ depth in four sprea-aing go,iasinPs 11001122..00003388 || WASTE W WA.hT.TEERB RREECCLlAAmMAATTIIOONN 3399 W~STE = 22.. CChehmemicicaallAAnanlaylysseess TThhee cchheemmiiccaall ddaattaa wweerree ccoolllleecctteedd pprriinncciippaallllyy of during four d19u5r1i,ngthefofualrl periods: poefri1o9d51s,: | TThhee aanndd frst ssttthuhuhem ermemmsseepperrrpriiennroogigffod1o1ofs99f55110a06,r9,5e52tt2,hhp.eerFFewwosoierinrnntttppeeeuurrdr-r-pspsipoponrsrsiieaennssggsooussffmeeaamccssooaoonnrnnvvysseennotiifaeeb1nnl9cceee5](,ttThhateehbelrreeefssa9uul)lllttsoswfhooe1ffr9ett5hah1ese, | | ft9thihrooassrteethsoorfhfeoettwhhpneeerglliraaoassdpttshiaaacrrraeeellggpyiirvveieesnnnenFsstieeegppduaarrirenaastteea1lly8syuam((nTTmdaa1bba9lrl.eye t1a0b)le ]0). T(hTeabdleat9a) iwn hTearbelaes The data in Table 9 are shown graphically in Figures 18 and 19. 7, 72t Wai s No |[ [] 0 | BC 2 1 | 6ol )Woe -c | ,f amo oan A % LLEEGGEENNDD 3 ~/" D BASIN A Ep o" o BASIN B Ec l as mas ~, A BASIN G ER 4 2 [] ~ 3] 8 5 o= 24 o = g87=z} . o gu o 3? w| = . tr ]| co og 1 2 | J mw ~ ~ [] ~ 0 (f 0 Ne 3 - fr af 7 Eee es 0 5 6 7 8 9 I0 II 12 13 SEpTH IN FEET 0 I 2 3 4 DEPTH IN FEET URE 15, CotonsortsToahs lCaarnnefd nee rong baie FIGURE 18. Cation concentrations as a function of depth in three spreading basins, Lodl, California 11001122..00003399 | : ibBi 440O WASTE wearin mncrosATION WASTE WATER RECLAMATION ge [8 | Rn 885 h ddsga sgs fzdsdsnoyainEeEtFd I {| R57 Beevr. TosTinel od [=oi JA : NE TT a S| sews 4324353 I33%das on gs8 = 3) EE2% EBees C SevA en [is 4 s Ys | Seas 535% ee enee ddzzges sya aszssas TIRE HREC ||i [os B3 Tor= e .| |0| 7288 Redugss segesse #F i iH i7l E52Z i R=eel Toneee 3330nce .Too? Ig vier [= ) BR) || F8 smem n ) po H Ceo yol 2FEEEz |x| Emm Tam og omn Gxoanart E=a 15 58| | `| 3o5r3n pam nae= zaii 38 Rae i I fl i : 4) iit CE i | Ul CR x i | Heb i i Ad 4 : 11001122..000040 `WWAASSTTEE W WAATTEERR RREECCLLAAM MAATTIIOONN 4411 | `| 3397 37%. FEaEERT am [o3l To TT: Teeolll 002 La 3| Ee Tee E, | Z3 2 re a a | B8of po <|| RRSR 222 grezexs nd %) o| o| R33 Rede deuesd: EE| 8B5E CL [| pees wmems mon am 8d :| : : | isiges, l[e]meaaanng Ae=d-nearn mfvxsgdeassess dwa-Re|| OEF, 2 | i i CN Trey EE i El - gsss shgv< gizsmes due 5 7 || sigs 28878 8 5 i Pg e ers mees i Pir 1# f ;i ; iB i 3eat dei ; joel5 :i |2seo 41I% ; 11001122..00004411 2 42 `WWAASSTTEE W WAATTEERR RREECCLLAAM MAATTIIOOIN~ A theFFrrlooimqmuittdhheeduddraaittnaagiittpeiirsscoaalppapptaairoreennntwt ettrhheaattfeqqwuu.aanntAtimittoaattniivgvee tcchhheeemmciaictciaaollnscc,hhacananglgeceisiusm the liquid during percolation were few. Among the cations, calciu_n~.~ `mmaaggnneessiiuumm aanndd ssooddiiuumm rreemmaaiinneedd rreellaattiivveellyy ccoonnssttaanntt ddoowwnn ttoo aa ddepet]pt~ mooffaytthhiibrretteeeeexnnplffaeeeietnt..edTThhbeey may be explained by llaacckk tthhee ooff cchhaannggee sseettttiinngg uupp iinn ooff tthhee' ccoonncceennttrraattiioonnss ooff tthheessee iio ons ~ eeqquuiilliibbrriiuumm ccoonnddiittiioonnss bbeettwweeee~:~ wosHGO .,~ gh : GONC, 7 ppm ION CONe ppm 2) ! 1 aol eo iLo a a aol of Z70. :% wf wl Z60' S01 E= a ; 2Z5o0r . 56] wf 52 4 ;'40" S; nay ks 5 zE~oO - 4486) 4 a 8 22202(-0- 4444 aol a . . 10 - 40 xor . 20C- :36 wba A 190- 32 3a8 of 2 so, = sol18C - r20 28 3 o : ;3 mol af i 170- ; 24 1i 60 - 220C] 115500 -1166. af12 LLEEGGEENNDD 4 aan sas A i~' r-, BASIN 0O' 0 o BBAASSIINN B a was ssc 3 ~' A BASIN 8% [2 o 8 o o" od NOyNy O" NO,- N'~ ' ~"~ ` a bs 3t= v oi o Te o DEPTH IN FEET DEPTH IN FEET FIGURE 19. Avion concentrasaatFiuotonnsofdepth in three spring bes FIGURE 19. Anion concentrations as a function of depth in three spreading basins, LoLdoid,i,CCalailiffoorrnniiaa ot o wine L 11001122..00004422 | W WAASSTTEE WWAATTEERR RREECCLLAAM MAATTIIOONN 4433 tthhee ppeerrccoollaattiinngg lliiqquuiidd aanndd tthhee ccllaayy mmiinneerraallss ooff tthhee soil. soil. Since Since the the cation cation coonncceennttrraattiioonn iinn tthhee lliiqquuiidd wwhhiicchh wwaass aapppplliieedd rreemmaaiinneedd rreellaattiivveellyy ccoonn-- | stanntt,, tthhe eessttaabblliisshhmmeenntt ooff aa bbaassee eexxcchhaannggee eeqquuiilliibbrriuiumm aammoonngg tthhee exex- | channggeeaabblle bbaasseess iinn tthhee lliiqquuiidd aanndd ssoolliidd pphhaasseess ooff tthhee ssyysstteemm rreessuulltteedd | | iinn ttihlee The acaabbtssieeonnncc,eepoootffaccsshhiaaunnmgg,ee hiionnweiioovnneiircc, ccdooenncccreeennatstrreaatdtiioobnyn..about 50 percent during pppeoertrTccahooselslaaicttuaiiomtoinnoinnoo,ffapotthnthaeeosnselliiuixqqcmuuhii,addnhgottehwharreobovluueeggr,hhfdotterhhcmiirrrettaoeesneeenndcebffreeyteeatatibnoooffcultssaoo5yii0ll..mpiTTenhrhecereeanlfftsiixxdiiwnunogrguinloogdff potassium in a ~lOnexchangeable form on certain clay minerals would aaccccoouunntt ffoorr tthhiiss.. AAmmmmoonniiaa wwaass ccoommppleletteellyy rreemmoovveedd wwiitthhiinn ffoouurr ffeeeett.. TThhiiss wwaass ccaauusseedd by bootth pphhyyssiiccaall aanndd bbiioollooggiiccaall ffaaccttoorrss.. AA bbaassee eexxcchhaann~g'ee ooff tthhee aamm-- mmoonniiuumm minerals iioonn ffoorr would ahhcyycddorruoonggteennforiioonnpssa,,rtoorrofootththheeerr accamattmiiooonnnssi,,aaaddlosssoos.rrbbeTeddheoonnrettmhhaeeinccdllaeayry minerals would account ddiissaappppeeaarreedd tthhrr~o)un~g'hh tthhee aafoggreennpccyayroot ffottfhheethffelloorraaamiimnnddoiinggieaennolo~ouslsss. ttooThtthheee rseoiml awinhidcehr soil which eeiitthher iinnccoorrppoorraatteedd aammmmoonniiaa nniittrrooggeenn iinn cceellll ssuubbssttaannccee oorr ooxxiiddiizzeedd iitt ttoo nniittrriitteess AAmmoonngg taahnneddannniiiottrnraast,teescs.h. lorides the anions, chlorides rreemmaaiinneedd uunncchhaannggeedd.. Sulfates Sulfates increased increased bbyy aabboouutt 4400 ppeerrcceenntt,, aann iinncerreeaassee which which tion of sulfur from organic sources such was probably due to the oxidaawsasthpe raombianbolyacdiudes, tocyst:thieneo,xeidysa-- ttteieoiinnneeofaannsddulfmmueretthfhriiooomnniinnoeergapprnreeicsseesnnotturiicnnesssesewuwcaahggeeaspprtrhooteteeiainnm..inIIonnaaascsmimduuscc, hhcyaassstinaaeee,rr(oc)bybisicc- ccoonnddiittiioonnss eexxiisstteedd iinn tthhee ssooiill,, aa ffaavvoorraabbllee eennvviirroonnmmeenntt ffoorr ooxxiiddaattiivvee rreeaaccttiioonnss wwaass pprroovviiddeedd.. AA ccoommppaarraabbllee iinnccrreeaassee iinn tthhee bbiiccaarrbboonnaattee iioonn ccoonncceennttrraattiioonn wwaass aallssoo nnootteedd.. AAss wwiitthh tthhee ssuullffaatteess tthhee eexxiisstteennccee ooff aaeerroobbiice ccoonnddiittiioonnss wwoouulldd bbee ccoonndduucciivvee ttoo tthhee bbrreeaakkddoowwnn ooff oorrggaanniicc ccoommppoouunnddss ttoo ccaarrbboonn ddiiooxxiiddee aanndd wwaatteerr.. AAtt tthhee ppiHt ooff tthhee ssooiill tthhee ggrreeaatteerr ppoorrttiioonn ooff tthhee ccaarrbboonn ddiiooxxiiddee pprroodduucceedd wwoouulldd bbee rreeccoovveerreedd aass tthhee bbiiccaarrbboonnaattee iioonn.. huAAndssraaedrreepsseuulrltct eoonfftnndiitutrrriiiffiniccgaatttiiohoenn,,pnneirittcrroaalttaeeticcooonnncpcerenonctetrrsaast.tiiooTnnheiinnccnrrieetaarssoeegddenbbyyavsaseeivlveaerbralalel hiinnuntthdheereffdoorrpmmeroocffenaatmmdmmuoornininiaag athned and pneitrrciotleastipolnusprtohceespsr.esTehneceniotfroogxeyngeanvawiolaubllde nitrites plus the presence of oxygen wonld lloefeaandditttrooogcceoonnn.ddiiSttiuioroi~nfssacffeaavvnooirtrraaibbtlleees ttrooaptthihdeelybbiioodliloosggaiipccpaaellarooexxdiid.daaTtthiioionns oiosffcrroeen'dsdiuosctteeeddntffoowrirmtmhss of nitrogen. Surface nitrites rapidly disappeared. This is consistent with tthhee aappppeeaarraannccee ooff nniittrraatteess.. SSiinnccee tthhee eeqquuiilliibbrriiuumm ccoonncceennttrraattiioonn o(~f~' nniittrriittee iiss mmuucchh ssmmaalllleerr tthhaann tthhaatt ooff nniittrraattee,, iitt iiss eexxppeecctteedd tthhaatt tthhee rreeaaccttiioonn wwoouulldd pprroocceeeedd ttoo tthhee rriigglh)tt aanndd tthhaatt nniittrraattee rraatthheerr tthhaann nniittrriittee iioo~nss wwoounlldd aaec-- | | `ccuummuulalattee.. LLiikkee tthhee nniittrriitteess,, pphhoosspphhaattee iioonnss ddiissaappppeeaarreedd dduurriinngg the the first first foot foot ooff vveerrttiiccaall wwaatteerr ttrraavveell.. TThhiiss mmaayy hhaavvee bbeeee~n dd~uee ttoo aann iissooummorrpphhoouuss rree-- pprlelaamccoeevmmaelennottf oodffishhsyoylddvrreoodxxyyplhl oiisoopnnhssatiienns.tthhPeehoccsllapayyhalltaaettttipiccheeos((p]1h44o))r,,usoorristtooreaaadbibiliooyllooag~vi'aicicalal-l aarebbmlleeottvooalbbaoacfcttdeerirsiisaaolwwvhheidicchhphrroeesqqpuuhiirraeetestth.hiiPss heeollesempmheeannttte ffpoohrrobbspooththhoroeeun~seerriggsyyrettarradaninlsysffoaorvrmmaaial--- ttiioonns aanndd cceellll ssyynntthheesissis.. SSiinnccee aavvaaiillaabbllee eevviiddeennccee iinnddiiccaatteess tthhaatt tthhee uupp-- ppeerrmmosotst. ffeeww ffeeeett ooff ssooiill aarree tthhee mmoosstt aaccttiivvee bbiioollooggiiccaallllyy,, ssiiggnniiffiiccaa~ntt rree~mnoovvaalls ooff ssoolluubbllee pphhoosspphhaattee aarree ttoo bbee eexxppeeectteedd.. TThhee ddaattaa iinn TTaabbllee 1100 sshhooww tthhaatt tthhee ccoonncceennttrraattiioonn ooff ssooddiiuumm,, ppoottaassssiiuumm,, ccaallcciiuumm,, mmaaggnneessiiuumm,, cchhlloorriiddee,, ssuullffaattee,, nniittrriittee aanndd bbiiccaarrbboonnaattee iioonnss vvaarriieedd verryy lliittttllee ffrroomm bbeeggiinnnniinngg ttoo eenndd ooff tthhee ttiimmee ooff tthhee ssttuuddy.v.. TThhee iioonniice cccoohnancncegenentstrraianttiitoohnnesscoooffncaaemmnmtmornaotiniaiao,,nsnnioittfrratahtteeeseaanniddonspphhwooessrppehhaaatstseeocwwieearrteeedddiwiffiffteehrreebnnitto..lSoiSgniinccceale | changes in the concentrations of these ions were associated with biolog'ical aaccttiivviittyy,, tthhiiss rreessuulltt wwaass ttoo bbee eexxppeecctteedd aafftteerr lloonngg sspprreeaaddiinngg.. TThhee ddiiffffeerr-- eenncceess wweerree mmoosstt mmaarrkkeedd iinn BBaassiinn CC wwhhiicchh wwaass uunnddeerr ccoonnttiinnuuoouuss ssuubb-- | mmeerrggeennccee.. AAmmmmononiiaa aanndd pphhoosspphhaattee ppeenneettrraatteedd ttoo ggrreeaatteerr ddeepptthhss wwhhiillee 101122..00043 Cr ----------. 4"44 WASTE WASTE W WAATTEERR RREECCLLAAM MAATTIIOONN i) Snsnmuuiirttrsfrrfaaaactctedeee.e.vaAeTATcclchhccociuiuupssmmmiuunmmlulgaalaatafytyityiopobnohnnaavreedggiiigbbdgerennonoottdubbeeeggtioiinnnia nhhciirggehhahigereesrredtthhna atahaunnmbffoeourusrr offfFeeeeeetmbttvr~iciberreool--ooorwrr~od g ~comBPsurrrumgamalacsauenaasdlitsan,emtelvewsdesdalos4amipttnd'inegglttgrhaha--eeyet)feaudotsg,ery~r-irt-]nhh,S.edetyru~poprsffoetroS,comdoominnfddftti~~ htte~ieoossnusuuss,rrffggaarrcce1ee0ew. w naaissfft. aarvtitvhfohoieerr. caaabbootlrilree. oggnaa,ntm toioa. cen,hhem2teeartto~e~W0.taoolC~t h~pa $ad r(doIcepPschhsh,ooasswnppgahhesoordriuun~'sslaf~fyon(,r;~e:y~pg,e~~gagolt~~npgetchv~dseur,d.te.~itc~ftafeoeelrreleodnonnitntslslgyeyt,ta,snpaaocrss[eettahmhdteeirtmnattvgoofe,ttilacaeltladhtaamemmnrooa,uutenannttss,ooeffsHEL diu,~a,a~Pd~tua{o,caeooncnhnayncAateeeinm~ensginpntetrLslraeaeiEgtntiievooctenonne-,l.s,,~lesa.uo:.chbof~ttoovaeaau. eqm:,mt*mfmtr(oJo. moonmnmi~e,ma.ttt. hohnaaee.]nnoddttnw. wpgpooprhheso~pofs. sooersoeoppntaththdae. adidttneeepgplt'at. n,nhtooestthrtceii. ocsnnwmohrsanaoBEsstsw. eataissseSti?nenoftn1s. 2tc"1~w~pi1rtaeh5nsd? u,,L~ee*aT~at~)a,dhn.niagonenng, notoee(losdthhh' eolfeeoraapDrddmaamiinnnnsscc~'g8~.oa{n.t~*fc~.-truho:.no~m"e.tnn~.r~t..gta.ay,hh.tu~eefi:V~,ooscm~nurnretaewfna'oltesedcoe,seeppiid(tnrnhihdedrrsiieeiceccncanatttlBtlteyeyead"ddstfiootntlhahsttehteheAeerpparrssseeaahssm moeepwnnplccshieennthggoe*P~Aa1 rCts., lfLi TwwoeweerrT,trehsehPebJ,aiioocchSheeemnmit,c~;ea.a.rl~, on .B..i. sr~eermgTraebatleer tt1pOhh1x.Xamynywgeg"h5oeitn.nweohpdd-eoe~smnmohtoaoa tnnwnddsdde,tPh(((tBehBBCOOinaDIv))B)eraasoo' figf.nes'tthBhAeeOaDpnpneeddrrwccaooCGsll.at,ctl~i l"ono~d'i.eg -h~rlq-tsa~ ~m~d;2e~i~'n~*re'tnsFtro8dC5 mp,eaptittThhfiuas,nsgib. lcDeDleaa~attar,a~a:tn:c~ho,a~~lt',9leno?cy?ptersSdo~iegoannniniffditicchtaaehnnettTreavvsvaoaurerliirtaaasott,gi'ieooofntnBhssoeOniineDnlisqBBwuOOiaedsDDrooif fteijs, I ~pPFrir7.eeTg*ss,~eahe-eneennett~e,es.sdadossol~hh.ale~vvo.r_eeferdud. neSocxh~,*yur"~gneeenoOu~Fy(uDtiDei*mOcn~)eeecvt~-o,~a#fornidua ea~atdyyhewwwiBoteahrOreedD" e1n1po(o)tt~~fhgtchiOonelnlp(ca'nlAl,nie"uouus"SuiliVvdeo- oonn~"H'Ll,. ,~Bd fed tC~e0Oo2rnaZa2s:uti'_m~di~ieao.np"r2egnne9ay'q+.sonhnomOhewWss2amtttohsh&aete.ada~e:v:,pee,tr{ghgegooyOfJ)tEa~',baxaobaburot,uuetdtrr11wr55~ sstfheeettcsdst,e0opfftthhrraeetssiunuliltstas,s,n.tAhAnuennffeett2sXepe,r0per~1ccttA.e.d..iCg A tBWWBw~hahha:isii's:,cic,~i~hnh-';ue:w~yeJreataWSyH~t,iT0mhoee8hhRa mSswEweeaoaecg+sooW+nnisgdd'ta~npaoahJ~rfr~~iyc..iy,]?sen'opergoa.Mbbn~ia[etoobhllaaooonnuggifddt[creaettatwlhslhlhleoeyyn,n,wffafeettetlhehlletelerootddffhaff~i.,anssTsTtsdoohhillesveBveaeddstdihif2neoxfsXyezlYoArenmEeehU.,y5pVgluiaentvd ~woASOoxnex'hhyrv~o;eev~r.nne~3,~'wtu{hit~ee,i~leTimpzogdegesadanpdnriedeioOadxcdXyUuyg,"pgpp,egPe~,n~n;~-ro~2o~gnr*r.uSne~~aaAlyn~t~gi ee,tc~hcoouruuefernnrenetttseehddmi sawoffssoi~oarsgrrgtnem.itrtfthhfihieaceecanadndntded.teec.cBcrrBBraoiee~soaadilossnoaleegoseioi~e..mtit_claHlo.GAn~e,io~ussletOnrsi~b A & W1tWihohenrereC,i;,'~:t.~~theh~e,ogodworaggapadneupdiee ttlhoheaAea"n:d:~e~gc'~reaweamasgsee iting was clmogoywmap,ttdaegairerssastaiB oinslvvaeBeldr asyosoiunhxricygDeghe,,ontfahhsfeernoieooixdyeBeaealnnstyinsntiUliy:1 ueerea"assee iinndiams:stssoo'li~ vveedqcooOmxxyypggaeernnatiwwvaaesslyggrhreeiagatht.., as m 100 45 Tite 1 TABLE I I { A runcrioN OF nOI) AS A FUNCT,ON DET IN BASHNC ~ OF DEPTH BASIN C A ne am T ~ L'ODI, CALIFORNIAIN i e Depth in f~~ em it eet ~ __ ~ oom BoD wii Fr ppm BOD ik etren a eee l en 20Tonta vralelPlR y2 1,00 1.24 0.60 T S le e ]om 1o.no],I re] 11.9,o/ wi it Be lane. oomm|| awsas <eommlpT ]g 1,64{ 2.56I 1.36 00,.9868 f 0.60 1.50 2.50 3,58 1.24 1'81 0.66 ...... <0.50 ...... 110012..000044 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION 5 WASTE WATER RECLAI~ATION 45 iwi aa'all' 1hit hat <ooa boto~+ 55fa585 ot ava ;itif 11 =o DRiEE siut sll 5n " 0 3th hn 1 J| v / [fi vf /2 { |1 |; i\ i Fn Fran I;h \\ ey | |1 \\ In 1 =we 3 5 = 3a on Be Z > &2n give | | oz I ~~ | nw ye a5 | Eh | u { ra | ,II1BE~ |\a c | TEAR 0 . Ci]i \ \ 2 A 3 1 | Sa : ' Lt | 0 ee g d 0 o 0 g 0 0s0 R30 go Rosia 0 nok 0= 00 nds 9c 2 Loe 'i8 twudddd '`O0O0 11001122..00004455 Ie; a 4466 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION WASTE ~rATER RECLAMATION ttoo TTehxhpeelassieenc.coonnTddhaaerryymoiirnneccrreetaayspseiecaiinln explain. The more typical ccdduuiisrsrsvvsooeellvvooeeffddddoioissxxssyyooagll'veevenneddceooooxxmnycy,eggenenetnntrraaaattssiiooaannffuiiussnnccddttiiiiffoffoiinneeunotlf|l dfdeeepeptttlh:bewwlooowuulltddhesshhsooowiwl feet below the soil aasurrraafppaiicdde surface dd((eaeacsscrrieiennaassFFeeiigizinmnurd'deeiiss22ss(0ooI)ll)vveeffddoolllooolxxowwyy(egg,ddeennbbyyiinnaatthgghereraaffddiiuurrsasattll fdeay ccwrraeesaassoeebsftoeorvzzeeedrroo (r1ra5a)tt.hheerTrhttehhraaenn iasannnoiinnkcenrreeoaawssnee was observed (15). There is no known mamamneedttlhhoossuddubbswsweehhqqeeuurreeeennbbttyy ddooeexxecyyrrRecgaa'eessnnee ecw waahnnhiicebbl~yt eppxrropolddauunccaeetddiobbnyy ollfiivvitinhngeg ooorrbggsaaennriivssemdmss piihnnettnhhoeemeaanbbsoseennncciees oorffeqlluiiiggrhhettd.ssoo tthhaatt aa It may pphhyyssiiecaa: be sue gdgeeuxessepttleeatddonaattthhidoaaitntffttuohshfeieotnssheeeoccfooononbxddsayaergrryvyeendrriitsspheerhoeiinunngohddmiisstesshnooeollvnvweenddfislooorxox~dyyqeRzud'eeinnrseodiccl.oonsnIcucterenrnmtotralu'ayanttdiiobioennngswwutaagh~yy. dbbmaauessetiinhn.to.odaQQouudfiiittfbeefaussppiirronoonbbcaoaobnbfslloytyrxuyttchghteeeinoiinntnhccarrrnoeedauassgeeohpeiitrsshaetaainnnonn.aaihrrt)toiiffdaaeccdtt saaossislsoosccuiiarartteoeddmuwwtiiitnthhg th( thy na~nedSStuuhwroraffdaasccoeiefn dbddiaiissrssseionoclltvvceeroddenlsaoottxxriuyyocggnteesinhoninpccooawnnnictcdehennotsptrureanatrltaiiiotoginnhotnvv.aaanrriidee/ddorwwititethhmpetthrheeatttuiirmmeee. oFoffigdduaa~ry 2ba21n1etdwsswehheoaonwswsstinhrttdhehieaartetacntaadrefmmloaaautxxrioiiomnm'sucuhlmmoipcksswuuiinrrtffhatahccseeennafl(di[tigiesshrssontoollvoavenne(.1dd/Tooohrxxiyystezgmheeonnpuerrwwaca~tossurrreppe.rsropoFdoidgnuuucec~iee2e~~ry bthTo0ehetttewhheeeddeaattntitimaamtheeiirnneooddeffiiccmamaanattadeexxiifaamollmssuuuoormmaaod'dcccaalooioirrllcmryyke'elttliaeaentmtmiiotpophnneeerrbbaaaeet[tttuu'twwrereeereneeaoannnonddnllii.qqmmu~ua~iia}d~xdx"siimssmbppuuorrmeeumaatddaaelloagagnranarededesggooprrxxooyonywgdweetelrh~( Spporrloovddeuudcctotiioxonyn.g. eTnThhceeonffciiennnaatllraeetf~fiulouenennattbossupptrreefaaiddve solved oxygen concentration about five bbttiaaimssmiieenns,s,' tthBBhaaaatstsiioonnff BBCCa,a, ssihhinnaaddDI''aa wwpphheeiiaacckhkh ddiiss wwaa~t sstphperreeadaiddffwweriiettnhhcess.eettFttlileredsdt,sseetwwhaeaggeei..ncAArettaslleeedaassttorttgwwaoonicffaacclttoooarrdss iwwneertreheerreseesstpptoolnnesdsiibbslleeewfaog; tththheeaanendddddeeaadidfhhftteiioogrgehhppnrrcorroeaadd.ttuueeFcceeioorffsbhtiioo,ggxxbhtyyhggnneeeuunnmminbubucetertriierllsasiizszooeaaffdttiiohhooeennttrogessrraoooonttrittocrhh]oaa)ptlhtohii(att~chdheebbiaanooc(xxt,ttyeyeh~rzrei'iecaaunswwepphthtrrilioeoccddhdhuuiisccnnceewddtttu~arhrg~yyt ttshhmeea.laalllggaaameeouwwnootuusllddofbbeeexucuessesesdd small amounts of excess ouuxppygaaetnt.aa oxygen. SSrraeeacpcpooiidnnddd,rr,aattttheeh.e.e TTpphrrhieeisssseerrnneeccsseeuulloottffeeddblaniir'ngngeerreeaallmmaatotoiiuvuv~eenll~g~y ooafuftooorrtggraaonnpiihccicmmaaatlteegrraiieaallreffasauvvlootrrieenddg autotrophic algae resulting ttihhnee in mbhoeertteeerrooottxrroyopgpebhinicc more oxygen uuddtteeiillvviizeezallaototippiomomnneennaatntnddooff llfefeasasscscnuolltxtaaytteii~ey,r,( ppabrrlooedduutcocttilioionvne..eiSSttthaaettreedbdy aNe to live either by mmtohoerreeussseiimomfpplclyya,,rbiiottnccdaainnoxbbiyedessaaaniiddd the use of carbon dioxide an(l tttthhhheeaatteennMaeelrr~gga'ayyee oowwffhhssiiucuclnn~hllii~aasherm~ht cooorrnbbcyyenttthhreeatuuissoeensooffoppfrreoefrfogorarmnmieeedd mooarrtggeaarnniiiacclccooummseppdoouuntnhddess,,piirnneftthoh(re,mpperrdeess(oe,rnngccaeenioco:ff llcaarov~me( ocpppprohoohgneuueancnnnneoddoinmssmctereiailnnnntoooiaonnppdnirrsooene,ffgffeseoddrrfeLeeenaccnorsccrreeeegabaasesttneoeeoiddncggooooombxixisnnyyaeggggtreeevrttnnehihadrrlpopoerrnuoluogsg(sd'elhehunwdchctaaetiirtoheoppn,nehhooiiptpntnaoorrsestttyfyhhinoneectrtuhmhlttereaertetrediialccatytmomppireerrngonnoactcttneheisesoocssff'..scthhTTouii~hhgdgn~y}yl. oooffrgTooahxxneiiiddcadatlatoiitooaanndoinppngoosnnpddHhaoosappneebrdreaaettcniiooononndbus((ce11tr66iv)v)e.idtyelsaerwe hneorte, particularly in tabulated. The the pil studx, varie eearrnrnTdaahttipeicaHadllallcyytoaubbloeednttwwbpeeeIeeInsneean66n...d55 and pH could be seen. TTcaahhonneendddccu77oo..c5n5n.td.diuvuNcNicttooytiivvcciaioottrryeyrrreenrrllaoaaanntttiggioteoeannddbubbfflreearotttowmewmdeeee.00nn..T555h5ssaeatmtmoopppIl00lIee..77v00ddaeermrpaipietiltld},t. lltiiimvmibhtooysswppaeesrroccbeesnnetrtiivmmeedet.teerr.. AAggaaiinn nnoo ccoorrrrcellattiioonn bbeettwweeeenn ddeepptthh aanndd ccoonnddl~ee,. tivity was observed. 33.. PPerecorlactioonRlRaatateeAtAnnailayloysseness Percolation rates as a function of time are shown graphically iy| FFoiniggPtuuehrrreeecssobla2a2s2t2iionttnshhrrworohuauitggechhsh on the basins which 33wa55se..rTTaehhoeefpueaanrcccatttutuioeaadlnl were operated ddiionaanfitti(lleiyytrrim mmvviaitaetrtrtieicaaannrttttieilloyoynn,,ssshiio..iiewnen..,nppAAee,~,rr(coBB,o'or,l,alaapDDtthi,i,oiocnnAaA'tl'rr,,yaaBttefins laaaatnntididoonnCC,'oo, nnaarraaeellllppbbrraaeessssiieennnnsstteaaedrrdeeiinggniivFvFeeiinngguuiirnrneesPsFii22gg22nurrtt(ehh,ssrroo22uu88ggtthhhhrr22o77ou..u2zA'Ahhvve:3e~r.5r.aaggTTeehheerraaaattvveeeessrrooaafgfgeeppeerrarractteos- acayrrceelett.hhooFssoeerwwehhxiiaccmhhpliienn,cclltuuhddeeearrveeessrttaiingngeg cycle. For example, the average rraaaasstteewweeoolltfl!' ppaae(ss,rrc(ss,o!op)llrraa(emttiai((od)linnil~nffgoorrtiaamettwwioon wwacen~eqyk~ gceivyveeclle ((oonnee wweeeekk sspprreeaaddiinngg~--oonnee wweeeekk rreessttiinngg)) wwa~ss (c'aahl,ennbla~ttoedd ffrroomm tthhee m mooaani 11001122..00004466 47 = 2Era3a i 3 8 2EE f Z% : ik 1 $ C0 ar0 ELELL 0 0 0 0 % 72 wdd `00 11001122..00004477 48 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION 48 +,VASTE WATER RECLAMATION ddpalaiyilliyyngrraaitttee plyiug it booyff by ppaeerrfccaoocltlaaottriiooonnf a factor of ff77oo//rr1144tt.h.heeSSsisipmpmirrlieelaaaardrdlliiyynn,,ggwwppheheerreiinnooddtthhooeeff ssssepepvvrreeeeannaddddiinaanyyggss cebbyyyyecllm meouuwlwltaat}l,i, otthbhrsreeeeervwewdeeeekpkessrcllooolnnaggtio((tntwwooratwweeeeefkkosrs observed percolation rate for sspprreeaaddiinngg----oonnee wWeeeekk tthhee sspprreeaaddiinngg ppeerriioodd rreessttiinngg)) tthhee mmeeaa~y wwaass mmuultltiipplliieeddbby5 1144//2211. forAAssram mienefnnatltiiloonnaeenddd ploert draaiynfoarllmoanred ppeerrvveeaavvppiiooooruuraatsstiliyoyonna.al.ll TTrrheheepepyyoorrttaaeerrdede ppeeeexxrrppccrrooeellssaasstteeiidodonnaassrraaaattececssrreeww-ffeoeeroreeett conveniently as feet per day. ccoorrrreecctteedc ppeerr aaccrr~e oopppeeeTTrrrhhadaeettaeeyccddunorrbbrvvaaeemssssiionnoorsgeff aacddrraoaeeinillvggyyeeennnvveaieaerrrrnaiailaatllllttyyiyiooannqqsssuuifiiteitneneetppsspeiiemmrericcrliooladalrlaraa..tytii.oTTonhnheerraaecttaaeerrssllyyoonnccuuiirrnnvvtteeeessrrmmaaiirrtteetteeoonnftftllyy cGLGchirhragaaarhdrdauacnpactaelter]elrlcryiyiosslttattiihtchceieo""nccSSuurrr""avvteeesssshhoaabnbppeeceetcaha~effmnrreeefeiqqr~msuutnoeeornnsrtepetllryyefflalarardteteittpepnenoognrerettdddeeaddyssooiitnnttohhlaatthothtewetthphllieeiettreecccrroahahlttaaiauunntsrggiee.eeon(affr1rnroa)7otm,)me. boobheeunignnhttohohtetepeeeddllraacssttohtthlaaasstttppiobrrbeaneaasasididrnnaiintnrerggeessoddttniaainnyytggheaawwppafappissrrrsooaataallmcscmphhooreessedtdtadaaaalliwnwssgaattryyradassiiaggaayhhsstststooollcciiilinonaaeewtteefdfdpuuennwwrccicittttoiihhoolannhht..iiioggIIhnhtt rate wwiillll ffiirrsstt ddaaTTyyhhppeeeerhhrciicgogo'lhh/aafftfiiiirroossnntt rraatteess.. ddaayy rraattee iiss ((1188)) tthhaatt ddeehhyyddrraattiioonn ooff rreellaatteedd ddiirreeccttllyy ttoo ccllaayy ssooiillss rreessuullttss ssooiill iinn ddrryyiinngg.. ITtt iiss aann iinnccrreeaassee wweellllkknnoowwnn in ccoohheessiivvee ffoorrcceess bttooonttdhhsee, bfbfR(oeee)rttrgwmmwaaeerateedtinnilooennccsllsaooayfyfofppccaaaartttrthiitioeioccnnleleexsllsp.ii.nlnkaTTkanhahgagiiteesssisttoybybnpepeetetfwowooreeffeetnnaahggiccgsgllrraaeeeyfyggfaeappcttaatiirorottinniitcclhlhieesaassssa,, gbhooreerreeeenttadoosoaotcsxcxrhyryiaiggbboeeee}nndd diaiabsseosshaanooylildisldslsoor.iiassrrRteppeisresropoogpngoogarnnrriesdesssisilbsebesilsslievvseseeenflofltoyyofirraddtlhaaeeegghhtggyoyerdrdxteerrhgpgaaeaalttatetefeneddoarfftaaomioggoarrggmntmrriaeaetfogtgoiniaaoorttnoneet.f.hssiaIIaasgnnrrgeeerbfbefffoogeoo~tacrrhhttmmeieiisentnd,dss..ittsSaaOOinnanrccrgeegegrsssae,,aneaidnhhgcoogtwm mrwheaeaevatgtvettatreaee.rrsr, iitfdfnoinoecocrrhnrrmmeyearaaadatsstrtiieeaeoo,tniininonNnieittsshahilececslloddoe(esse1seeg9sgllre)ryy,neeeetccfiaooooolrrrffrrteeeaaolxlggaaagtgtthmrereepeeddlggfeaawwo,ttiriiim ttofohhnonautppwiwnoeeidirlrnlclcltooolhlllefaeaaaatttaddiigotogttnhnooreerraagaannatteteiiennsiicc.ttrreSeffaoaionssllleecloeowijwnpa,sspgpetsgehrprrcaaecostgollaaaat.tn_ee mfftaioaocicntstootrrruartaaeeff.ffceeoNccnttetbiae+nlnggt(,1tthh9ee), iifnnoiitrtiiaaellxaiimnnffpiilllettr,raafttoiiouonnnddduuthrriianntggthrreaaissiniinnsnstggtolloerermmmmssoossww;taasiismmtfpphooeorrsttsoaaoinailglt sstm]iissootTTtn(ieh,hsnnateettunrdwdwdeiaaitttptchhaaeornttcoohthobebeeltntaaatttt.ihihinneeeeooddrryyrffarooroffommtthheetthhieiemmipipnnoottrerettrraammnniccitteetteeoonnffttll~dyyrryyooiippnneeggrraaoottnneeddaaggbbggaarrsseeiigpnnassgt.eaarrfeeoramona.. tion a~(1 percolatioonn rattee iimmpprroovveemmeenntt,, mer((]1))andHHiifggahhlelerrwffhiierrssntt ddtaahyye sppueerrrfccaooclleaattiimooonnisrrtaautteresse bbeeccaauussee:: wwceoernreeteoonbbtttaawiiannseeddrdedduuurrciinengdg a ttph'heegsspuuummm._= ss5m 5eelelpdptdeeoorrmacmcnee,dnff~eettllfllattblbhhleeaallnwnoowhwddeuu~11r88riitnphpnegeegrrccstteeuhhnnreetft..awwcDDieirnnrytym teieinrrnoggisaatbnnbueeddrlleoosswwcpporrttinhihnnteegegnpptewewrrhwhmmeeaannasnneressneuundtrrtuffawwacciceileedlttMii+notnogingsoaPrtibsyotonuien~eret.t wwiissiil(l(pptt22aiai))nrnrtgtgiiSSccppun~uoorrllififaannaarrttccllyeeyooffssbbpptteehanhaneeddefiifisnniococggiiiil,la,allaawwtttthhooLiLiccootthhdhdhieeiaawwmppmaeaeoosrsrnnccaaoggotltlaaooaattttiihhommoeeonnroririsrsttathathtuutiieernrneeggss((cc22oo00rrnne)e)t.sts"eeuunnlTTltttthheeeeooddff pPti8nyeePprreagmrermrcreaaeceannaentotentenn,tr.yt pdderrryyciionlngag'tittohnh.aann oonn uunnssppaaddeedd ssuurrffaacceess,, ipprroodduucceedd hhiigghh ffiirrsstt ddaayy rraatteess eorf of doopfafeyr((wwc38eoep))eleeaddrDDtscsiuooulccrmraooiitvnvnieeggorrniittnhnhrgeegastsauuesussmmmmmm ausuececrrhhhioogfaafhss1199a8855s0011BppBBaeeasrarsiccsiineennnntBtAA,,oowfwwfhhhttiihhiccceehhhbbhhaaaassddiinnaassvvuuoorrllffuuaannccteetee,,eehrhrgaagrdgroofwMwitortshkht eeuudvlvlaaaaayrrppllooyypr.r.eaarttTTciihoohoelnenatlilttoohohssnrrssoouruooagfgfthhesssuutthrrhaffeesaaccshseoeoiigillm mhobboiarrisosostkktBuueerrnnaeesiuunbbppyyBbbppyyllwaarrhnnooittoocthteevvccwwaahhapapaaossn~o-nn-tbbeterreellaaiissnnnns~sgaappnnissiddrrppaaaaddttddiieeoeaoccndynaaryyoraaiienngnngdggd-- fppalliaannnettd taiuc(1 rrbbeeyyssiidsdsupupeeaasdsdiinppngrrg.oo.ddTTuuhhcceeeeddffaassvvuuoorrrrffaaaabbccleleee mmeeoffoiffeiessccttttuussrreooeffccggoorrnnaattsseessnneettssss ooaannss pplloeeorwrwccooanllssaatt~itiohhonoonsseerwaaooytebbes.y- hhaavvee bbeeeenn rreeppoorrtteedd bbyy sseevveerraall auuthoorrs ((2211,, 2222)).. 11001122..00004488 1 `WASTE WATER RECLAMATION 4499 / 8o SAR. J ol ae = hey Bu 3 re E . = BEL i = BE ET Ee Ts -- itee" = si. n8 iini ply 8 5 i iS v3 3$ oF 3 #3: 2a Tne ef 5 I I I rwotr s" ivy NoIYIr 00HIS AV(]/133..-I 31Vbl NOllV70383d I 11001122..00004499 5O0 W WAASSTTEE W WAATTEERR RREECCLLAAM MAATTIIOONN i rAe T :i ao 3 es 3 he rm T i he el : shose 28 20f ol Ea "ug hbree: =e 3 ~ T1 2 3 i ST eR 3 is Cr & -- gy SY = le z iTeer br Hod 8 L or : ad 83 2 28 | 11001122.00005500 el STE WATER RECLAMATION 5511 | ELE :2 i =wahLtn Oi| : Se fs 2 o~ 2 | EE Eo ps :} | 8s $ 541] --a bhg 3121 | e --eln, g z_ o ),VO ~'=h:J /33"t ~]lV~ NOIJ.V"IOOH3~ 101122..00005511 i 5522 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION WASTE WATER RECLAMATION 0 8 S ju 8 i =" Il i{< oT23 i3 - TE=ui 5 HEEE = aEE o5!| &HE o2l 5 NER 325z oSau: HE]| LE2 Re 2 8085g|; 8ge% ht2 i3 Si if 3 /8 i gBzE Crt 2 3 3 ---- i of55id 7 i] a8 ets ie : ag 5 Lr Trier" A ---- vs od 0/1333 3,0, NOILVI09y34 11001122..00005522 I WASTE WATER RECLAMATION 5 WASTE WATER RECLA1V~ATION 53 s3 2 ug af i Yn || i>z | 838s By 22oe g8ge8f i 3 ss 53s Eq ot 2 EE 2 sH p p Saf 2: 2 = : | zz aE8f LE 3g--=3{{8{5312ui spf {8g sat BD lp EE --JE 8 || man=e dre 2i == I: H ee ef 2 | pal HE 82 oe | eb at LL EE 2 3 || 0s te pC Bee |g | BET = ofOw { L1o3i Ta I I o c~ d nd aeo ed d d ed ed A,~VVGO//1/33:3:I4-I 3~]1J.vV~dI NNOOII.LLYY-1IO0O0W3':ldd 11001122..00005533 -- | WASTE Wate mecaamion 54 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION 2 ; g 2 | 0 oF IJ Er Lf; | :"i3 == Lis5 : -- ile 8j _< [8isi 4 ---- T me m eofi0EE& TH es FT 85 FT eR EE : _-- a Tisai > | ] L TT-- i s ie + oT LI Sl Av 2 9 13324 a 2 i 3uvy NOY 100434 2] 3 1100122..00054 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION 5 to o TTahhecea omrraabppiiinddafthddiomeen.scrreeoofgafssfefeaaWcociitAgntnooSgrrTsipps:Enee:gsrwtcethrhA obeleTlyaaErtrtPeimie~oviovnnceeRrrrEsasrrCabaaalLiltteaAeoolhff{aaAfpfccTtrteeeeIommOrrdeNuentctnththtaeesat,tiiffooiarrnnsnsttdaandndpaddaoyysasaiggwwbggalarryssee,egdTnat5uthtu5eeee fdr Boercmre eeaatsieonniIi,nmsoehaiyladdrepprtaaooinrureleelliieccydcsloggygrgreaagnddieeiniareegannntlbt,lb.yyoAAmplalrtstihochedorooouuuubcnggeithhaelsdtttphhaerfeboolrdeecudobahhcygetessgs,itrivvheaeeegnadtfftoeoerrmpscepoecesbssrsiaigbbbtheeliyttuw,rvsaeettheooenenf) oodfoOEffregiRheayRngpdItvegerrCrdaieeRotgdicLoa,rletnaeysAnarmnpietodavhnrbetthgriecsleilbetcchsiooleinntgtyteeiinnnncdueuaoronapuuilrsslnboyeaadpppuprapcprolctolpicisdcceouaaruotctnfiiecotoeomnnsdnitccoaoerffbfonolwwtberariaabatatlteyegirrgomtrhnddeeueutgraaratiinbtenneodmgsgl,ipattsfhhehmteiersegarpshitunprdrrereesaeaoathdiedoly-s-fs iadA nnrrreggeaotipspoolaeinrmrl,iooediads,n.vcaAroeAneenadmsseognmttghhmene.strhrreawiasttiheeeiencaoodnhhffd,,pppiegrenrorcmcdopouslrlacoattptaisioreoneron.f.pcrHomHeonosiwccweeernoevntvbetreripaar,u,tlriowewmnhhseeeetanananbldioexnxlsigcaseemfsostaetsniriivneesdaesetcSoohiouioyinllnsh-- cre((ae11et7n7e,,tre iA 2a2s3t3)it.)oh.ne eAsAdnnoeoocftarthhtedheaeeersrensppoliooinsnmsssseieiiubbisnrlldnfeeaiaenccrrasdeeetaaelglsssiiouoqqtnmnuuhiiasfdfdtooarrddtreheettiphphsteptehhwrrearddaassupueprinnirdiidotntngdpdgoeoefcttcrhrherpaeeeeraasisfsssepompeeaoarrlteiieirnnanaycgddoppIiiunceemnlrargpgdccnooopprnlrleeioaerrattsiiirouooobddlnset. e a Tsciohenrecreeealvaciathee ialdnanbgweleesitehpivneivdpRhhieeveoeneradaccsddoe,lrlaaaibbtntsieeidoottiwinnwcneeaeeetrrreannaesttneeaatshevvfdfaeaaetrwfrwitirhaaotiiitnisimnooccwnnhhosesean..ssse n1opt OuOt0pnn tot0tofohepaWroiefmteohkoaestrr,ycwhoiahm nni]dpdc,ohnrtowmaathndecbewee. the ortihoedr ohfantdim, e,whtehne tipB ohteerpcosopslsrat ietbiapoldeonirntroogtaintpmaeneiaermsdiisentoecadtroariofeiwnnaatasshesggeddrrieentTmahactrotroeeeesrreraoesahehggbdeeroraaaavdfdddoruouafmflmaoolelrrylnv,otaan.ieoTTlJnothohoenunudgsgst,eew,frraoaacpnnptweeorereeisevvokaadrlsle,uusaoawptftoiihonoitscinnmihbeoolmf,fe atttfhdhhoeeeer 33 dD rdeeelocTTarhrte heeeiev.naseseeppiddeemrro vppcpoeoeolrrlracacttotoaiillnooaacntnteiioorronnaaafnttrerdetaa.htteeccesususetrrhtivivtrsseleeessnnedootaootsbbbeccottwooaavnaniiecngcnleemleuuddsseaiinrvvffteereir.oo.omanmleldttshhifeemaiclsstaopprrrr.seeaaOrdldenasiientpnigogoinnmsoopifofboflrffeftirreanefsnaoshhtlr 1i i wee deafiatffrlfotueererre,ne,fntficiwnenaealearlemeEeeofhfinelatug~ehntoebhtreweam~T~wbidamTmnnousnwstteshthttterelabbetrreedeaattnneoseooefssttweeoofaddfrfg:e:esppTTheeharhrrcwceeeoaoltrrlaaaaaetltttrliieeoossspnnieoomrooffcfifolppaleeeerairi.rtttschihoOooeelnrnraetwffiorpraierenmsssehhapoddfouwwcrfawt,aiatintente1a?hartl i ig opfBrraerrssethe, tttwtoleaedtthreersC.ewffRieneaegeyfreE e.rttreTeiexnxhfttgfeuue crrbtleeoiawvcooekffrst~attioohhtzeeeeTTaasosoooblffiilolle0fssr.iien0n2s0hB5Bwa5anawsdsdyiiann,mt3e,,DrDi0twpwwhwWehiirhiiccllilccohhhlbaewtwvaissaoaseesusensntsswmpattarhlhselaaaettddruBFeawBa,rysiiitinhnn3 ii # EDe had aant ee average E ffaaccttoorr ooffS aabboouutt 1100 etthfhfaaennctittvehheaeenisaoaiznvvteeerrooaaffggee0T.e0aeff0nff5eei5ccttii1mv7veemwss,aiiszwzeehss1i5c1inhh) oowpttahheseerrrsambb,aaassliilninesesr.h.ebnTTyohhneeas the presence i 8 ociofnfnof mttaahhbeeirrneeooellttadahhtteieirvsvrieerlbbltlyeayaassginillaan.nadtrssr~egg.ciieefttloaowwppyrrarmaooscaspP0tooo.ion.rnnorttleltniyiy~oo,t(nnaa~1bbo8oooo~)fuffutB:itfftiai22nc~ns00oeeiuussnpplleddeccDr,rooccuueooelwlnnnnddtat.rr.sleleeeAbAh3aalyy5ddltdt,.d,h5ehroaoooaputnuntiieggoorhhddcnlrre'~yyaanihinntnne,ddggp,,wppraeahttrosroetetriineaacccappllee-se- ig i pddcireissenppcteeirrarasbsto iiiloooennn,a,gollgeferaaeedcdrgavatttmoiotoeennllo~slowowaierrenmrlr yagtpph~eeetoirrhccne~oorlr~lgeaa.o~rsttoohii~osontnww.eara.r`rata.eeptteere.ssr..aa.osseFFnuouctrorpattmghhaeepenrraomsmrfeododrsreuuewW,dg,iriUttteuhhhemee tWoSllhofeoewwopeessaryerrewtmcciaooticgnhnlse-ee- ii i O psepneetirss,nioae n heee ncPe, e leovneis rhcpearncwtooluaaltmdioounlneratadstetosof (ao2r4g,grae2an5)tto.ermSatddtieltglerreaeftyhoiftrhdpeafraftrcicetsloehr cemented i i{ wr a wwdiaaiastsntphegethrhreoesan errinAgoadanrbn;tosirhechemenecnm aaseftcuraetbeont,estsfneehl.oqrts.uwwigea.eW Wnntrhtie,fhperieffcenanaarticniololuttthrlhfraaeieeentmiattolllooioinquqeppuunfrrriiitaododsutddeeouubbsnfcecteeiei(on2ntrssgh4ggtte,aaassbb2n"ppll5ieHrrec)eee.aaaarmggddScggatriirooetlcetngnlegsriaaBBnttiaeotanhssscsaiiirtctntnhdieieomoDDnnfeafrnccfwwetotiaesonaehds-rss 3i hcca henantrgaetdionfroamndfroe~sgha. nwoicavtleaodransdptcooiingngfigi:in~ssnaeealrrlv,vel_eefy.fddlu,tuttehoo.nattiinntthcohhrer,eeaslVionssoweecwrettrrhahaeeestfeeuspspseeairornlgcfuocolplaaaeerttriiceooo~nnllaatcrtgiiooontnen- sWwoeoemrreeeewnnohotat tddinuneedaieecnenattetiiirrlneeagllytymittoooornetthhoesefpsessooceii~tlltnlttceeeadxx~ttsyuurere-we.a..ge.w. or. e wa.al. ss c. noont. sids.uteenttlodyilfofweerr- toa tehnhacaTenenhsetteihhr rneeatiPenppea seoerrrroeccgfaooanlplpnaaieittecriid coococnnoolammrrtpaaippoottaeosenrsisstitoitooiifcfoofusnnlffeaiitbbnthnteelaeaielttlgwdwcheeeeoffsfeemfaellnnpwuuaeeantttsnthghhi.teeeet. iwTlBlToiihqnheOqiuriussDeiiSddwaissolnsafbbcosueuttcnhtoetorrhntaafesittdihnshBuateeleerOrneDttttfoloofylodddulfieioifffnwffftteeeehrrrier---t esentcteles dinseaworaggaewnoiwwncadainsatni11do00nsttpiimawmreeetrissceuaamlssaothreieghccoomasnpdtohuseiltieBonOt.oDSgiornefcaettheetrhefsilniBamlOe eDaffnludoefngttuhimet appears that conditions were more conducive to greater slime and gum 11001122..00005555 i i 2| :5 | i ---- = 5566 oe pSPSeerrorrovdvetuedqctoiohnan,,, hhaeernnccgee W WEAAFSSeTTeEErW WAATTEERR sRReEaElCCiLLnALAgAA,TMNAAMTTcIICOO:NN 0b" fmo iter prionT ie setoFE the Spend sol teil ese periycTeS pore !~erved that lare.o'ot,, ~g~r.e..ater pore sealin~ Me alla usee.e.re.a.s.e.perm' e~ab.'f~iiat,-~mm~. es ,.o. f mr.~os-anlacy m'~aatttteerCmmuayy (23 "eelloo~p) has ssaooll~ldO d ~Some-C~c~ah,~~ga-ennm-,i'~a1a]x0I-0affgPonspihgmio,aTn.m!Y~a.~-O~hv~aeuaar-evaelefIf_~ep~eceetrneoofallatstho0ieottosousacprlooeggncdthhehaedeng"ssseoooishilld,,csabb'nuuut~tbetmi.~onebt9~.~ a3im"n*4e'#0d b Heylersh~ t33i55giiatna~5tsiPpoonossso~ifbil~e,~go aap~:i:~sest~dga'ted,. ,,c to aCes vve1a~m-a2gaeti e ptehrecmo"en ilffafsoetictotnooffrpattihthepeess.ooppFEeerrroaaE~tt,ii)Fnnggi""4 is trom te o0r t10alaegu:lgy aMenrpmerietesteinion nypertPieartaitoen ading. On ion rYaatseinfolslhoewimnognyd,rysianvegrtagaesg080 oWcOtnoef0nentrg51te1)teDs0~fr.aoe.a.02t~d.2;t~ep5p~9ey4.lrtra"hrejedeaabyyraa.r.vsielFn~r1oeoa2rsr,kd~w,~*f:o~.~5r-e.np-we~eomoHreolee~:ea~k'knt;~ita,oc*etBnyiaoaccllnscleeicyssjync'acslwwtleeeeesBsrrfeeodd,,aululnrorrrdeiiwensnspgiEgnperegew`cetilhdtavirkiceyvihiliyen,gtthh,oi.eeysste~Ls"D~eeaSyrl. LBSBeapagasridinnnign.~t. ~Hu~E.2e,l0P4tepereaerr,noeadalatE00tii1]oo0~lnn5~J2iy~ne~:e;yc't)ooLIp,fai':eltL~Baodds,aa,iyynr.a"Tt~Feooshlleoil,aw,le~iomn'f,R,fae'~reta,hy p,e.ioduld~yis'hcwloywi"th~libo)Yennti1"~~h,'~;l0f Mltivation yng per order herate 1 connie ey e 9f hand ~:~. nmre gradu~, o~.~aism D fell off rapidly whll~ increase i~:":[vatmn and e,,~fi, ~mym~ry (26) has also noted, t')Y~or~rY In or, 2 :,~rate of wamPUm{}e(1 ~hat it results in onlyia terns' eh Sy es st #5 Petthe hreaealtlefydyp.aaa~Sio_rmygi,lo~a~qb}l~eby,ocenteeefuflelctivtvivwaae,';~nn~2py,pr~aie,m~nhtngragyrmoiinr tooootthhaweeirl rstohssioliol.tihleeuheltaievnvltyaivtatieioqa~uyim,pm~esFblto~eoyrte" pt Fal LE oe Se Fo foe ie ~i ?~peielddssosoi~plr; au..era/~~rgies"cee."}tiluitiabteeptP~rlhtoo,hey,we.yyao,a~..rr2.n.'e~. =ecouarlatrcfimoovmmaptatpehcadtacnat piaigmmopl,o)ederrvvsiiinoocuusessn sissttttramrttuaaumymt. benle oppmersatel ~bB2a*nYg m the Bi Se pia 7 medi of he ol scl he Top, his ~ Hines ade Rn lect Fig m~mSuppobolrsoiangl e~fr~np,s~~rof~ersgsogWaelgsreorse Seed 10 nosgne gh le~a~~e ~u(tivated when ser~ ~' ~he spreading ae*;-~ ~o increase the the soil Batic period ete rate of net mitt is ~ot on inter~m.~~ on non DercolatWJ"~irst, forte of : ai od alo Sate s.a~bra. er: ~ne~~p~re- adin,~, Pe~ri"o~ags..n_ nu~ ltaneously to Sl. le ~ aop tw . ~ maoe "t ~ ,~ ~. e ele. m~., o-tlnrds ~..,. , ) posmble Lois produce" -- to have Hoth~.~s the Basin v5 eff(.,_c~,.m--oer , slll "% ba~. .... ~ ~)u:~e.,eg. rIeoen, ~, rms~.vde~],-~e.a..~Sq-,i.tl~engdepdermt.on~a[~.~.;.ss~..te,ath~ eoafvoe~nr.aeg-heaplferoefoltahte,ontot~a.,lt,t~ . ~'a.e~{er Set Thr Tatofpg eat wey the ee hecd7soethmffatnheetreeadingThLioseohndded tocoonndtuaca ive 10 anprtyt ~.t,~on ~ ~nee te s,, a:.~P~al :~r}ng Soil the eslk~~2~Y,:'P.~._gn'a~Teh~~sotnednidtieodnstocloonwdeurcitvhee to a ,%ere0" aet~a' ~ selY r~s~oarduusso_mswaehwOteh.ooD'thPew.r._arer~ u~ag{ete'p>bPboalsrsyaiitn,ehbiio~ef,hfh.~D~pveeaeorrr}c'ce~om ooltlala,gniotiionornSnaaogtteoneoDinBpn~aBc.e.asro.s-eis.nia:.ns.sDDeA-w,a,whhwaoaa-hs,ss~oi.ss:cmm.m,hhaaallull l.lfwllg~ogeoe nn dis" Bola dea i he 1~_' -,ct Zw~reonlnas~. e!,.t_emaadbio~-c'~yyJ~.ogsfi~dderseVa~ra*lOb,~lui~~y(lm~.e.oee_maneu~ esnet~ioooPff4ona8.e(wn.ledae.a.~,oy.el.n,dDwdueararisntinh~rgsel~nd1Cu'0~re52idnttgthhoeethtwnWeceeeeeedvdf~ ahannTgtus rFraa;ao:~rksool~ffybpa~tgraosggBigasniengq~t;,weh~ni.cfhell gq o 1T2o0t ,eve, ~ , -~ a @ substrat COmparabElien ; ttoe ~ ~aed~grwowi;t~~ tthhaatt ooff ootthheerr 0 ~ EES Dore ole Tai ed. Basing apd Bonn| spre pl ttweoeoeks'khs~-r wZ at.~v~ha hveeee .ag~t r)he.eai?~odun.yEyLth"abaSenn)eSrbBtadaag{esi~iidnnngs' oC~u.nVWWE~hehiiccwWhhaassSfinaaapplptl,i,aplimeed,,oggneetnnewerraaals-l~syp*1re0,~1d ,veK 8 rate~~ OPgegrYeo"l.leaaetTMt.it~ohn~etTae~t"eaa'~'soiif~nonfS(e1 ~l0,l'sq8d l~l)h(nleiph0o~n,1,"rDP eeesrrce(o"o"l"laaa<tt.nsii.oe.odt.nn.t.lB.rerc.aadtateesnss.e. wbWWaegi~cetouho:eMm,o?3graet 158 F%eeget ~perratdeaayyo.f aW0~h0;,oa~~s ' *~ lle~ ~~t(.eheJeeeatt..hrpp"eeqeeesmrmr"divdnodeeadaayv"p'ppspwwlehhithetielidldeleed" ttooBBsaeaBBswsaiia~lssn1-~i~" nB H~aad s o,, 11001122..00005566 ol WASTE WATER RECLAMATION WASTE wATER I~ECLA1VATI0~ ' iFEi ie s2 ge: good a7 57 i Shels2 Lye 358 5PeR3Ee3 z 1 2 Eg. 5g. p 2 0c :2 2 25PR%ESfiE RRS g a= 2ow 32 Edy pu E ki e T 5s Ff 0 5 a Leteo =lmrpmE nim ETS Ava/i334 uv NOILY10043d 11001122..00005577 5588 = 5gif ESfhsHets BEEYs ii: i z LI iif gig en fBeiis:s fic TE8 Fis fii Ez Sis $3; $i: W `WAASSTTEE W WAATTEERR RREECCLL&AM MA!kTTIIOONN o2 3= -$28 2 5 25 ie: 2% AE 3s i Ee RlSINg Bhaego FI hash ss 38 = >= HAY0e I/133I4e306vr 4 NoOILYo700M35od c 1V01133~ i 11001122..00005588 W `WAASSTTEE W WAATTEERR RREECCLLAAM MAATTIIOONN 5599 BBioni gig SE f5f:q go gii gH 10 134 44 sor awa NILE XGE31340Y0IILMAOHVS3II3EM OAL = Ey 3] HE 13g1o;s : 2i5 gTeies gt 353 8 fi% [EE 0 HE pe 32 2 3 @a 2 5 2 Bod Esgay Sggo 1i E EaH c wziie s yf 2Bnl yh t3 A gs a8 gi F 5: 5 EY "; 2z o E = = 6 UoE e d e6 oCR oBEARDo AAvV0(]//113333.-4I 331LVV8Y NNOOIILIVV710030833dd 11001122..00005599 6600 25 $F $e gf 1f2i8g fHEos gag pie o58 k 1 PiLT 2 F53EAFiaflgag flfyet HH Eqs o2 W `WAASSTTEE W WAATTEERR RREECCLLAAM MAATTIIOONN g 2 3 hst o B 5 ggo 3i2 Scwagff ya o5 3 P8R wig ` wsidkz ex i Y7 pid 7 =To, 2 Tes Eo HHp5E, B# EM xii 3 2 Earted B d dRo= 2 Ava/1y 3311W4l NNOOII1LVY170093~833dd 11001122..00006600 W `WAASSTTEE WWAATTEERR RREECCLLAAM MAATTIIOONN 6611 Hi . gt 3 rir g8% | - lo $3 Ei Bis HEHE 40 W340 14 0300 F0VHINY LEN To3wI Ma0-sONVamSiAs334 HO o =x 8 48 sete BF 25 ise Boi iag EIA 33 [| esezo 33 a Rings ol .53Hl 5 F6a f -z 5 a223 BSued w& l2e 8X g ol g S )HENS HS S SoNIE= S2 AAVVOO//1l~4 330iVv8H NNOOIliLVYq1O0O0HH33dd 11001122..00006611 rere 6622 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION | He in li al ii | 3$t : : PirEiE Bwd ui seal Eixiitgsd 0 pit biigi Hhii ::: % i Fe ALvVaO I 1533133.~z 31m31V>~ wova09:834 101122..00062 WWAASSTTEE WATER wATER RECIANATION RECLA]VLATION ewage (0 inal fflent the percolation 633} raatengiendg chSfcrhraoeaonmanemgsgeeedfddninam mlffraroenoafmymfufoyessenleed.ttbttltele((oetFddws0siegesse.etetnwl33el3aa3d)g.)et.ssheorCCtwoovooeanangfvyiveeneratTsrhlhseeeeleelyyfsvr,f,ataluttiweweenhnhgwwteee_nenptn^enht~rteBBi;da~daopsoaosdieiwwnnr,ancnnnoBBdhl((aFFotwoyitiinnsahoga.ieesn.ss lL22ccarva09hhasas0)trtta,:ieiinnnagggbienldae- tWwephccaeeTTkeslhh~Sseetwfwiuiadddanisia~sffleeffendnerroofeeftpptnnlrrucceeaaeessppneepptbnnrgretteetiostsccnwaiigaaaebbetttllnyyheeppe.aiiccBebtaahrallrseheiaaenev~eed. Aroaraf'. ~ygeg((t.rFWh~isp~e.ge~eg,rr..r:.c,c~ee~o33o~s,l,1tlt1iaa)~i~)[ttn,.mis~ogo~onnn.op.ee.rrwwrm.aahi.httoi.eoei..dccddhccuccuarutrhvvnn~eeixnspeoiilhntanbbwwaeeh.thi_iiddcoc~eehnh- tthheeeeefftect ooff tfeecctteedd. SSiinncees chan ctthhheaene~gixtneignttth"oe%f al percolation lrddearnrtyygeiistnhngagno~hdhaacss`-s~bbubees-eeiennnq"cuoooefnfn~ffsteeirrshe~et-iddegnha1t5swaiva2tenhraeetgxheeprolraaytn.eastTioohnfe beneficial results 15 `marked as fpPSeoafeafrrreecchootlilgaooahtftfiiooaaiinnnn,iss,itthhttiiohoahrilristtspffrreiieenrnssddttoiiiinnlnnaggggtim moppeanearryyiirooabbdrdtoeeapWcswciooaaadnnssnssridi`saddsttuteeseurdrudeeibi5dede0sddeintqddhcuuauoertrnniistnenivgsghetiengttnhhhteseowasSvusiethumhroarmmtgthmeeeror`rremamystooe.tnsniTttnhhhgses proceeded at a wPtBothheehoorrgessiinoeeoddgdgdiraairvvssyyeeiittnnnhnhggrrbbeeyyeepr3addoaacwwyyeeseseeedkccke'oo'dssuullmraddeetsthhtaiaaiinnvvnrggeeag:.DppotIiIrhddfoendttrehuchaeetcteeevvddsasaerorbaiiesaatnohbbenllafeetiocfhheiaaavtlddheenrebbyseeseuoeealnrtsrshsstoatiutsuridtdsmeiieaexaddrTprrkeeuuescnntdtdidneeeagdrsr ltoehsoaAasttafasassfiiaivsnvngoigogngrrllianaeefbibfillssieeccppaa0ccaann.ooddt3tnnii8dndind5igfigitftfffiioooeoeoernrnnnteessnnBBpccddaeaeeuusrsrriwwiidnnonoauguyAAll"tdd'hebbiineenwccnnrreeoeoettaatesestsdeede:adn.dswotttanhhhseeeofniicontnothiiutterpiiasaeylelrpemeaporrafe,cnriofcetloneialtsattessCiiixooLnhpnncVeee,crnattihet1sdee7 fqrfrfrrauoootCtmemmeo0vdd0e.ee.rcc00irr60een0aagssttoeeoadd0b.ttu3oos8i5ttnhhfeeweieoottrmhip"g~~esi"mrnnaaddlrla,aythve.2as%lTeuOheVe'0eadr}eufr&wf.re.iiilnc.no.tggnewgtei8ahnrsenBppcoeaaortsiuiipronnsederBBmo2f~atn((efFiFedivmiinggeeot..rtc1hy~l2ac2o)ln)ea.,sn.1reead-s c ] sPLOuofshtlCtseeiondbvlieeiitrnniaonhphngpiiggeuahhaneertbrrsraespptaiehentrarectcwdooltliahfatrhettaaiiotcbosenneaenonsrfdae,,t'fe0ia.sUs1tn7oIl0wveeFeaserssetatphlioeenrTs~godaaseatnnr.yddpA8ei&5lnsroitcotrrhoedeopmhpuopllagaafavhcreteiesBdmdaSesowiHrtinhCtcaB~hnab~weo0r0e9ay,~s {! toaothhnnneenBatrrvaBaaeaosttsrreieinasnsrgCCeebbmee'poccwwevaahrahmcmilioececlhhoatftthwwhieheaoasensssaattsmrrmaeeeenaadttbbeeyyaddt t~xOthhdh7eeean0teeInnnfddedooyf.f bthuetnedolieedveecntthocnyctlhee. pAerrseoplace- the eleventh clyocnlge.erA=replaod ce8- memenl Fate increasing efect a the appiied organiBcy,maTthtiesrwpaesnetthreateeedctthSroFu!C rFaite or ITtt removal a.p.p.e..a.r.s +toh~fa-ttthttehheesaffniidlltteearrtiinntghg aaatcctttiiimoonne ohfa' dth~neeosseaafnnfddecn1t o0onlotnhgeepreerxcoerlatetidona of.tl ~*tenrdeprelnyeitnragtewdithrough ' ~i'i~ ........ rate increasinz effect as the'~agpcpohn"ed~it.,oiorngsa~:il.Cn. *mthhaee~ uunderly~'n=~ soil 1 ed. The aerial was broadcast 040, 0} ain sus nd yeti) i tsoohiomleiJ Aml ensoccnaoootdnnnthahdddetieiritr`taiioanovonvndndana,reer~irsiraaeeantbbkktllnnaueeuopopppwwwwlnanillaiscismaaamstssisiittttuiKKoiundrnndrgi~iiloeleiifddcuumonoo o,nen.*n BD taSFm oso~oinu'l"enel~ odw,opi:engrgTIhtthmihseedwrm meaaasndnututsf~afeaaccvet~tueuerrcee~frer0e'st8vrweaSac0ss0- i omwnm,enTdaotiolnl, aonawadpiapnyli'cgsatidoirnnydiioncfga,otentseaohpodveofeinrfnnedtcghtpeeaorbfsahtsuhirneanend"smruaeumtdneesrdsuiqailtu,aahbroleeeTvheimdeelantcckheoof $BELentacpfwipotlicmcyacatlyeisonhoafvSeprheeeaendnindigundeictaoteeitthheeruntshaetis4f2aetery"ature of | Krilium in iy rene Te Bas C and neat typical die 17 ~I%imbp~pmuhrereoorvvgffiieiinnnnngagacllepp.ooeeprprecceroHoralealatarttiiteininooggnnavvgrraaaaaritrtie,neasas:bb,ltleehettoasbb.eterrraeretepnepdooerretse,edd(b1eii8ss 0wtt0hhe,aaettonofmfdffionccaooa35llnn).ttoiienn~umooeuTuhsene stbbn1laTRaILs,nidn s8PeePtrrtceleoeadldaitno. ifwfoun~ sroee.artioeWerd~e cuorcnvleqsebe.aoartrhOllvnyBddtaeehhsemmeinoponsdns~}trhtuaupn'3r~' oe,nnAa' B,;wwarisoititdhhnuessCeeetdtttwtbletheySdidcpbssha~eeswwwianaegrseps,~sapcBrueisatgdy PD siDWtrte,iotrhhrcttheohffdeelii.annatddaililit;ee~heermfaaafwwitpnueaeae&nryytcc.tno.wwlravaaAAstesiso.bmmbnroOroiriernrdeefatthrerTaese~m,b1p.aogrgoDn:po's;eTPrrrfi~iioo~odds'"s,ffoiomlllilolHowawreeodd(w0bytehe 'vt~ 0h0ee0 Brcf~iEr,'vsteoLoLobgCf-, | aoe periods on Best were roduced apain iar curve. It wil ted from Figure erage percolation rate for BASH, Eh raevsetroargeedRpetehsrtecionplgaetraiconondlarstiapotanedifrnoag~rtefsB.ooarrtsoiaannss~eDegcc'~ootnngdd:~srtuismnimee.i,~flaooulrl~llootwonweoedtdtte~deb'y2~% rccomonnttFiininugoouuurses rianineedd,. Resting and spa&~ f .,.~ eurVe. It w~t: Z~ _.~ nasin D' were | s8S35p5PCrtretehhaaaeaddt~iinngttghheepprosseedccuoI ocnneddd aaanntddhitrthdhE iirrsdd~mH s~u-b~me.~ge_ .~..~.erSwtsasSouortu. ~ Nateri~l supplied by the NonsantO Chemical Co., St. Louis, Missour~ 11001122..00006633 | 6644 `WWAASSTTEE WWAATTEERR RREECCLLAAM MAATTIIOONN 8 i Ei is u : la i Tans IE hes o Miiff Bf 35 Spor od IW \ 00 ri = i. FBie fed slg a of E55 e OE Bilge : 3 38 . LVO 11"~..-I :IlV~ NOllV7OO~3d i 11001122..00006644 BF `WASTE WASTE W WAATTEERR RREECCLLAAM MAATTIIOONN 6655 EEL fac a i saz 2 852 gio 2Eod 583 FiMi i13.k . 3 2 gl =il 82% 3: oREb:4 i Ris fSw23 i 2%El b Zh BIE 2 Mouse 14 erro vin sowasuanans snonwiinoo 3~N39B3~8~S 5~O~NI~NO~ 28 TET A0/1334 31vY NOILYI003d RRI d ~,V0/133-1 eS re I I I ~ ~ I o o do d o do 31V~1 NOIIV7ODH3d Horan 11001122..00006655 [3 ASTE WAATTERER RERECLAMATION 66 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION Jonge th Go To, ul that the average percolati rates at | longer than the first, and also that the average per(~olation rates over a Sa myaa y than duving OE the last two periods were higher than during the firsstt. ThTihiss iinnddiiccaaietsteess 8a that theeffectis 0b beneficial result from a preelliinmfiinnaarrytyysyspprreeaaddiiinngg,, bbuutt that the effect is not ading period the decrase snd long. lastinngg im 5 0 aitr iTamesl asbi On Basin wwhC, heelenn sseettttlleedd sseewwaaggee is spread. On Basin C, after the initial spreading period the decrease in perco- oe nes lation rate was erratic and associated more wilh ae.cidental surface tossb smal aunts S pe wid ol paatod drying, for short periods and the spreading of a small quantity EnA in fBoS n 5C0de 1 rthfa apfter nTh in oe Shan niin hale i iy Ly sewage sludge. 0n the whole, a high average rate of t)er(~olatin was maintained for about 280 days of continuous submergence. This average of sewage lee th polio, at Significant pray The rate fll rom abLouta0.3 ir{4 ilsiy: oe emi] te Ey roof oftheeffect high rate was about 0.58 feet per day. It is significant that after the addition Rida posed and disappeared, i Jin us conn sewage, on the rate of perc ti 1 of sewage sludge the pere(~ation rate M1 from about 0.53 to sligh~ less than 0.20 feet per day. Phis gives fm'ther proof (ff the effect (ff organic loadings, as in settled sewage, on the rate of per(~olation. As organic matter was decomposed and disappeare(l, the percolation rate ny ri ofabout 50 das Basin Sy ren bout 80 days Basin C(Fig. | rose to the average ~alue. i,* 33) was spread c~n" | atepe ii 0.6L 0 on For a period of about 80 tinuo~sly with flmfl eNuent. rate of about 0.60 feet per d~ys ddTTaayhhy,ii.ss BBbbBaaaasasssisiiinninnn hhBBC.aadd' ((F(arI~hii,ngie,.~7ggh.22n,109.'))aa)dvvweewwrraaaaas-s~,gs,'eecc(so,~mp,eepntrrt-cre,oio2~ellnaa8tut~ioo1t~?y of produced spread contimonsly Vi wep four bust ] I sssipimmriiaerlialaadrr wtottiohhthetthshdsooae~setteetale)ootdHbbtthsaaeia iwineaegdisee oooffnnnoorrtBohaalapspieiernniroidAoD drof 70 (aln~'ys . a"noa produced~.sa~ " ing period ey ld ettled sewag or fin I ssetePtlrerdomesethweagdeata cotlhleaeccntteeddbaosnintherseestifa our baesnitnsstphasapdtrienaagdprpcerolmoindemtutiicnhneuoadedy'pssepruredeaaldt natureof the guibdy oo cubatoery saprerad ed8 TBfehenoenniomtpeeodrtHiainngchweeartoefr i=dtphroesleiminary wk or aE (1) ov other ry ape ding Jos AC on eroltion we. Pin Bly percolation 1the liquid ie had al effluent rtnanhaad"apttiremmuemndoorugsaneifffcreecs2th wapltr] Litih alolwoaodinnggani Noa ading or settled ssc ewraatgeestwhitahn either a high organic ] p4.aTrrtiaccuelralatSteteudlliooaaddiinngg,.7 Tu an atten 4. Tracer Studies and n the unex ln yt fo I reaeal penetration of le ort ao wore stn ~,..,~..~n, attemp4 t .to by 6 xepxlpabit;,n ltheeuoontepoxe apscencce tieedd degree im ,le~',:ee o0Afpma~c2adt,eieterCrii,aallwhciht reli 3 iby ~)~~.ui.ttr~s awt e]r)eend~etrsactri.iobnedtoiRthperect~evdoin-fgo,(,tselvetv.ieolnsin()fBtahstjsnsreApo~'~r,"''t disp of crsubstances theations thatwhich an Hdofto2m4e0ns,-ia travel of rar h re y soil was made. ri th, .... , stt'd)r For thisreas? ~Td~ilr*e.oc~o.te(i,~o~rn.la~(t3(Stsx5p)~nse).d~~fvr)veesreeetllul(oyndcinyittitinyihsanrorsodfyiumgaiS hnirlvotaehuresnttdoi~t'ahotnaihotT iundwt hssrhih(ao,othwwheeec(rdalnitltehbhweaatatmesthtahhedee(o(A~tv~"Y(.e,.,d(,1o~vrfe,.reoo~0s,r%~ ge| it ~):.~, P?2s.s. t.ree~~ through the soil but rather it wa~,~eJ",(,',is ,.eas n clay minerals. i I tracoeremaeithiondgby adsorpion ~,,u c(nmmm~g ~t by adsorption on cl~y minerals. 1' m ~ pond eh es racer; JE E2 asl salt tracer method was selected, s( d as a tracer, l~ ~as wo front of "Anamplion of quaBnotbit'oyn,, aTsOsNodWiausmprteitornaaobbfoorr1aa,tt0ee0,,0 wwpapasm foirsltiuqu."id '" " and th( the ssooiill ~in n~ec~z'h2~i~fi~g tirouEh he 5 ti was Foll,ow.ers, : ER the aroun sue ndcstahmepemsaxpi edeprthsogreater than 40 fect Wie ethenich~edi:;i['.~','w~a(t,.ebry w cing samples oie Porealated AePU% pelos ".' the water containin~ it percolate~ ~ n~,o bS. ~0~0~ a Fe fforeofnbtoron "ed collecting, samples ,)eri,,d ea l lv at ,liff,,r(','~,, t::,; ct,~ wares theFos~r'oruonudnd ..s..u..r..face cnloto,owbesrethyaedn atthhoodsseeepwtchhosinccghernematitr~gaht~it. ot nhsav,e,1 pbeoe~n-~F_.<ee~ ~-~ ~ere much lower than those whM~ m~'ht I~a~t " 11001122..00006666 I WASTE WATER RECLAMATION 6677 WASTE "WATER RECLAMATION TiiffabttohhreeatccohhraaynnggweeossrkiinnwicctoohnncceHenantntrrfaaottirioodnn fwwineeerreesaddnuudeey oolnnollayym ttaoolsddoiillduuettiimooonnn..stSSruuabbtsseeedqquuteehnnattt lsscaoooibinllotarccaiaantnnosrrryesemomwmoooevvreekcbbowonosrirttoohinntIuffIerranoontnmflowhhrhidiiggchhfhinbbeooisrrsooacnnnadpwwyaaabtltleoeerarssm.o. fIIattlfsiaaoxppippdnegeeaamrbrssoornttoshhntaar,atttettthdhheeertshseoobaiiyltl rcurenoemsnmaototavviiinsinnfsggacstoiiottmrffyerrofocmomornsssuootsliletuuuttiaeioosnnnt.a. wtTTrhhhaieeccehrccooiinsnnccllcsuuaossipiilaoosbnnsleurrceeohaafccahhsfeeidxdHinawwgnaafssboortthrdhoaanttf,inbbetoohrrseooarnnnedbyiiyss ulloofonaasmtamhtiisccsoofonabntcstaaetoirinnrvyiianntggifoonaarppwuppirsregeechciatisaabbbaleleetirnqqauutcahaenenrtitriitetuiimeeosssvoaioollfsf scluacyh. aAs ocflabyo.rAon Hpoasnsifbolred afpipnleicsaatnidoyn pforsosmiblweasatpeps lsicuacthioans wowstafaisstthhhuiesnwwtoaatbotfeserertrhvfferarostoimoomiln.tthnheleigccbiitttrrbuuess iniinntddhuuesstrtrreymy obbvyyalssooomfmeeboaarssonyyeefttrouumnniiwddeeannstttieiffsiiesedudchccoonna-s- stitAusenatroesfutlttmosfotilh.e lack of chlAorsiaderseswuelrteoffitnhaelllyactrkieodf. success with fluorescein and boron as sSnoeedeisusmwcihthlorfliudoe,rewseheiienhainsdcobmomroonnlays tturrsaaeccdeerrissn,, tcctrrehaanlcocteerrirardteiwwsooonrwrkkoe,,frewswfoaaidnssiaulcclmoyonnftssroiiiuddeseedrr.weehSddiocduuhninmsswaanottuiicsslhffdalaoccbrttieoodrrelyy,ibwebbrheeaiccctaaehuudssieesincoooaffmn tmtahhqeoeunelhhyoiiguguhshsesdccooolninun--- ttctiiieootnnin.et.sraLLtoaiaforrnggoeetohfeqqrunsaoandcutaitiutittimiioeenssisonooafsfrewssoohkddinciiuhoumwmwnoiiooutnnlodss rbiiennesulttlihhtbeeeirppanrrteeeasdseenrinneccpeealnaoocffaeqmssumemenaaotlllul soqqfsuuoaatlhnnue---, stddioiitivvilea,aslleeannontftd ijooottnonhssecrooaunncseatthhtieeaonbbssa~ussbeeasreeeeqxxucckehhnnaaotnnwggpneearccttoooimmclprpeellseeduxxilstoopffeinrttshhieeaonccrlleaaapyynldammcieainnmeedrereauaclltrsseoaoofsffe tthhee thien psppoeeeirrrlccc, ooelanlaantttdaiigooentno orrafacttaeceulsa((ey22,55,a,r33os0uu0)gb)..hsleSSyqiinuntcceweenetttnhhtpeeyaLrLtpooiedcdriliceessnoodtiiil,lspcctoeohnrnesttiaaeoiifnufneeecdadtnsaadorrfeealltaadhtteieivcvaeeredllyydaishehtiiiggoihnhn opocfhfelroscsroeoidndditieuaumgames cctohhhfleloocsrrloiialddyeee,sowrwouoornuucglle'ddbolyfbbeettwhppeerrconohnutlyooounrpnincedcereecddie.o.nnt,TI,ffa,,thmiieinnxssetttfeuefaeradcdetsooofffocfuuhsstlhiionenrgig'adedsssoodddiwtiieiuourmnme ucwuhsseeelrodderittdshheoiidssaisdduitimhssppeeeehsrrolssoliieoroinnsdoeuww,roocupueloltddoafsbbtsleemiuaacmvvohoiclidodhelrediod.dr.eidTTieohh,nee,caacchlhmlelooiirrxuiimtddueercssehlwwoohfrhiiicdcchehhl,owwraiedenrredees mwuuassegeerd-de wnwneeaesssriieutumhsmeocdcshhiamllmoonreriiddaceseh..tloTThrehhideerearr,taaitto1ii)ooooflooafefsastttihuhieemonccsaactithiniloootnnrhssiediielnn,iqttchuhaieeldcaaiwppmhppnillciieehcddhwlccoahhrslildoobrereii,didneeagnssdsoopllruumettiaiaodogn.n-, TawTlhhaeesenttaashvveeeprresaaargmg'eeleitccaeaasrttiitoohofnne srrroaaatttdiiiioooumooofff tcttohaheetpiooffntiinnsaaaslilsneiefftufhfmlfeuueetlnnoitqt,,ucaiii..dlee.c.,,wittuhhhmieechtrroaawttmiiaoaosgoobnffeeimsnmigiil'ulllsmiipe,eqrqeuuwaiiavdvs--. 7ca7hl1elto0uort1si1 dtfepooeir22onlttsiooter11re..q88.ou.fiTTrseoooddmmi2au2aiminnptottaaouiinnnpdostththaioisssfssirruaaomttdiioioutowwmhhiccilahleellcoirppuirrmdooevv,iitdod3iinpmngogaug22nn55dessppiooouufumnnp,ddosstwaaoossf-f ssccihihululmoomrriiccddhheell.ooirroTiindhdseee,,rs99eaqlpputoosiuurennwddedrss2eoo2ffdpiccsoaasullocneliiduvumsemdoccfahhnlslodoorrdiiimdduieem,x, eaacdunhddlion11r11ifdippenoo,aluu3nnedpdfsosiueoonfnfdtmmsaaiogngfnneopenssoeiituaumosmf- cttthhhheeeloeerpilledeervevc.aaottleTeaddhteissnttgsooarrllaatigsgq'eeuwittdeaarnnwekkessrd,,eisttshroheeelvgnnuel(sstapprrarleenyaadddcomoollnnixeceBBtdaeasdsiiinnnfssrfionAAmalaatnnheefddflsuCCa.e.mnpSSt laaiimmnnppglolenepsesanooosfff taa-thteTtthhpheeeerrcoonuonenel-as-,,tionttnwgwo'to-h-l,,eiqaautnnwidddo bwffaooesuurirern--sffrooewoogettnrlellaeervmvleeaylldssceoaalnanltdedcdtiaaefnndfaaellrfyyrezozneetmddttiffhmooeerrssccwahbmilltmophr,liiidddnieegfss'f..epraennst qquuaTTaninhtgtieitrtriieneessns soo3fof6naaappthpnpeldliiteew3dd7occbhhplalrooserirsinidedsenestws..etrheemdaadtea at different obtained. times with Tt is clear different that the ccthhhlalFoonirrgii'dtdnheereeeesonnnrr3eii6c-cfhhoaeeonddtdwwlae3avt7teeel.rrprrrTeeeshaaececnhhteepddrtehttsehheeendctteawwtoaoo--fffooosboomtttaalillneleveveedcll.haiinInntnbbeioolsttshhcslbbeuaaacsshriinntssahssasoottoohntnoheseerer gmtmhoaaapddhneeert,bhbyyewoggourrnalaessd-ssfoerorxooptooltltasesi.,vneooltr.rheToosffheeaarepsssriiunenlgsgte'slln.eecIlelanarsrogtgf'eeeasdccmhhoaaafnlnlnnpeecelhlr,,acmopploo~assetssliisinbbgllsyyutchmmhraaodaduseeghtbbhtyyowsaoea fFgpee-loeeitptnhgooeffrp,sasoonwii.lloutTthhlhdeeatwweaxtatphteelearrrienppaawtsshasseseesddesoffrrmreoesomumflitttlshht.eeeIrsnsiunusgrrteffaaaacccdteeiooaanfhlmpuioseosrsstcthoddoliaiwrrtnecinecgbttlly'yythttthorooeutthbhgaee'chtsseatarwmmi-o-- owpollalboisnggi'gihcciaapgllhad,dnaa.itttTaawh((aaFistiggtv.h.eer11ry77e)).m.wuAAaclslhtthshoolomeuusgegshhftihtllhthaeeenriccnioonglliitfafohcoerrtmimsounccroofiuausncnstethaaoltitwqttunhhieedb.yttwwtooh--effoobooattcllteeevvreeil-l wbeaITsnmnhaaaidgnnehyy, fffioiiterellwddtahssseppvrrpeeeoarasydsdiiinbmnlggue' ciihpnnrsslettesaaslelsllnaactttheiioaononnf iiicttnhaaatpphnppeneeeasalursrsrsfwatthhchieaactthliaaqnnmuiiaadgll.hllotowwcaaannrccreey mmcuousnst-t btaemimnaadteiofnororthpeolploutssiiobnletoprtehseengcreouonfdcwhaatnenre.ls which might carry con- rumination or pollution to ttle ground water. | 11001122..00006677 6688 W `WAASSTTEE W WAATTEERR RREE(C~LLAAMMAATTIIOONN x 4 33a ; py G- " / Ae > iin y fe ii=, o 9 EN oA" o [] 5) ge x, "5 eo 3 2 3 J : g 24o [ p i o 1 8: 54 28s 22 3 80J0E313 gg 54 32 p35isd we0 28%$343i Ei 4 3 \ i = a "5 ; i aE ty | TTT dy `NOLLYNINIONOD. 30140THY 11001122..00006688 i E W WAASSTTEE W WAATTEERR RREECCILJAAM MAATTIIOONN 6699 228800 2 240 = saupie SAMPLE SAMPLE ar ATAT 2! I!2= 2 ol S 220000 a SSAAMM SPaPLuLEEpLAEATTATIt' 2 N 9 _SAMPLE AT ~S~MPLEAT 2' I--- 160 of 0 RE zi-- 160 og 112200 3z: o og s8o0l z 2z 4400- S 200 0 FIGURE 37. FIGURE 37. ER Too, 43 fF sBoap " a SAMPLE AT 4. 1I0I0 44I00 6I 0 60 8I 0 80 1I00 I00 1I20 120 1I 40 140 1I60 160 1I80 180 22I 0000 222200 HHOOUURRSS AAFFTTEERR GCHHLLOORRIIDDEE AAPPPPLLIICCAATTIIOONN CChhlloorr"icif~doeeotccooonnvccaeelnsntfrriaantfSiioonnioanxs oa(ff4uu5nn5cdtp;ioponnm oosffhohhooruudrresssaapffteehrr ccdhhllororfkiJdOes haooppupprl)liiccaattiioonn of,~t 1,2,"1, 2, andand 4-foot levels in E, asin C (455 ppm chlorides opplle~ ot 0 I~our) 55.. SSSattuumddpiileeesssooff oSSfooiillsOOurrrgfgaaacnneiiccsMMoaialttteewrrere oreSiammicplceasrboofnsaunrfdacneitrsoogieln.weTrhee ccdoolalllteeaccttaeerdde ppreeerrpiiooorddtiieccdaallillnyy Tffaoobrrleaann12aa.llyyBsseeefssorooeff Soosppvrgrgre'eaaaannddiiiccinncggca,,arrbttbhhooeennuuannantntdrrdeenaai0ttte.er0dod1g2sse5uunrr.ffpaaeTccrheeceessndootiailltoahhfaaaddorcraagrnnaenpaaio~vc,eretrnreaaidtggreeiongooeffTn.a11b.00lT55ehep1p2ee.rrrccaBeeteinnfottoorooefff ocdcaarugrrrTTbabihhononeeunigcddttataoochttaeaannriibcititnroonrouno~TTrga'saeeabebnnnlldoeewwfaa110sts22.h08se8s14h4h2.so.o5pwwrpetteahhrdaacittennttghhteeporccfoaacrreobbsroosgnnatntotiooc1nn0niittiortrorroogglgeeeensnsn.rr.aaTttThiioiboseddeerrcacatrrteieiooaassieeondd-f icates tinting dicates taahessttaaebOblllele!'sccoonondfdiittthiioeonnspssiirnenccaeediiinttgiisspraaoppcpperrsoosxxitiommaa1t0teelloyyr tlehses. raTthiios froautinod the ratio ~ou~d in in lTiivviTinnngg'prooerrvggi'aaonnuiisssmmssesct((i11o55n)s). of this in Isnoilprcelvoigoguisngseacntidonasggorfegthaitse rrfeeopproomrratttitthohene iwimmeprpoeorrdttiaasnncccueesseoodff. oorTrgghaaenniidccatmmaaapttrtteee;rr issa"Tneetm annmssottooehennioddglguletitilhndnhoe,e~TTb(bb,ae~aaabibnssnloliio~eenntssea11dnss22,ppdrsrshehehaoaoa~owdwd'wegwvwrtteeihihgrttaaha,htttefftrllrhieifeattsotsttlhhrleemmwwoddaaaistitftfietefofreren,or,rfeeff~niinvtncncheaaeerelleiieesnndffaffillmsoouucprreeuglgnns'eatats,sn,neiooidccwrr.hsm smiTeeacthathttttellteeeewddrdreassreteeeeaxxwwiiaaspsagttngreeeaeed.d:-. IltTthyihtyiozozvnseneehssddoboouwweffeleedroonrreerbggoeaccaxonoinnlidlilolccieetzccemm ettddaee,adtdtwththddeoeiurnrwlrreeddiinvuuntegrgrhriie,nttnhghtbgheeaattshrrhtieeeenssmttsswiioppnansrrgsgteeaaopbpddefeeiirirntniinhgooggedd.pp.rseeeaIIrsrfmfiitooepttdddhh,l.,eeesrrtTtheehhweeewwhmmeediarcraateehtetearaawriccicaeacoclrlmleulccmneaooucunuutlllaaelidd-d- hfm fmraaroavtBomtetamtesebrBiBreanaeaasssnsCiinnttohwhxeAehAiidrrcddeiezhususetrtrwidiiinnannggwsgghppuM Meienlarreadyiiyoe,ot,drbdc11pcp99ror5b5oon22aggt,,sririieiennnnssuddsswoieeiuccaddsaas..ttseebuebiiinnmnccgerrreergaaeesssniitnccngdge.sshTttaaahdbb(~iilrlidiettlayyattaooia ffvceooollryrlggehaacinntegiidchc ccTtfiooooznenBnndcc.iaietetsrnnoirtNngtoror'geanaC}etet~niitwoohrrnnehaalssittceiioooshoffs~w,wccvaaaaatsrrsshbbeuhhooininngbgdahhaaesnnrissddonocoltlthohnohawawatdittncctuthoohhionneegcucehsooenrnrstsggtururaaabsannttmtiiiiaccoeoinrnnmmgsseaedatoonttfftcpeeeennrrriihttcwwrroaoaoladggsaseetrnnnnie.oool.atntTTtiwwhrhveaeeeeltlllelccysaas.srhrttababibbgooiihnn-- The lized. The data on soil Nonetheless, data on soil organic the basin organic chaardbohnigahndsnnsittarinogeedn earbon and nitrogen are inconclusive percolation rates. are inconclusive and and ggfFidaea.iefnfccnfetteroerorrrarallllim ilmlttyytatalleyyennoowwaattidccitticccchhfoooofunudednsnnirisitefftisfnfstctetffeerroocnnoerrtnnnttttthawwhaaiiippivssttp:p:ohhllliiAAueettlbmdldhttteeh,hollooiroibrqueqaueugtsutgi.i'iiihhsdcdc.assalttlThohoehenneexexaapaapemamewwcnocetoaentaiulaintgygntiihishtootsestnnssbbsoo.a.famfssaiOOioossdrn,r,neggeettaahdhnueiieeiimymytccpepmmorm moramaaratityyttantatneenbebtdreert Ssiigen'niiffiiccaannttllyy different on a volume basis. The analyses n}ade determined | 11001122..00006699 ---- im 70O l 1 ses W WAASSTTEE W waATT]E~]RR a | EE RREECCLLAAM MAATTIIOONN E SHEE l.[| 2: ol | EALeT Ie th lo LET | | 88 8 aa || dE 5) he Ngias E worTE Te | H | 8) 3a f | | sz zis | Sm l ris S3oneg -- [z]-- 7 = | | an 1gI).k| mm Fel) =.|= F15e2 J 2 2a | z: l| Y gee on Zo foe Is 23 % | a hE | 3 7 Sites | TT oe 4 BlnFl oE=Sxs2seiaEeEr|| Bl| 83852 35 252| 3 [YE k m CooE ad lb i] o Tomt an) if LL | sus -- 2 a2 | pi1ts3 gE SEBEL egied in 11001122..000070 lhe weir'his of WASTE WATER RECLAMATION orga~fic carbon and nitrooggeenn ppeerr ruenfiitt wweeiigghht ooff ddrryy n71 soil tsoil the but weights id mor mofeaosrugraenitchecavroblounm.ea..n.d.oLrniemtordf~ ding on the f by- {he otohrhfgeeaooonrrrigggcaaannmniaiitcctmmmearaat,t~ete1rc&rrmppdeeearnrsiuuptnnryi,oit. ~cPShohaeehcmmruoineicgccaraleoolaffCtcssloOooymlfmpltodlsim[Dfi)esfetipepitrieoeoennnnn,t,dmeeettf(gf',e.,cottntshh.leeh(ssamee oe weights o~ organic matter n~ay pro- duee greatly different effects. 86.. SSttuuddiieess ooff Aa DieOdors. NNuuiissaanncceess Durintghe thoedorcsoUurrsee oaftedt.he.w.ist.phnr.e.eyaad(cliih~snggbuaoopspmeerrraSoatteiiowonan`ogbeaaseroddvdaaeiodilrl.yyys ~sReTeneehecrlerehooererraeddaadsssswwwemtatieahhastmseehlekkldoofeeiddppnottoatorrl oobf(fotedflfulllh~hieiletyynttdldtloererdooaoddgg~niieedffsfnnfeeaorrsseesunnodlccf(eei~daeiilsnn(eSwawiooaeew ddgrooeear.rl~grpaloeryoddwunoehectitciicaoos~nion0bbaee0lttlwyvteeeueontrba sibbenaravgssieinndthss.e 4,00 intermittently operated 3e0leclans ors which were I ad On i wflh final efllue fl( .p.e.r.i.odniwl e:reo )pcarrattieadlly-bals.o'incso, m+,.p,h~oe.s...e.a..,d.1gad(-tumr'iinngg ' {t.h.e.r.e.s+tihnwg' ppe(rni,o,d, tl~e rsvP'` 7..L.o not +;,:,]]V ('le(~Ol~pU~t'' -' ..,lays wllleO ~' "' odors of sevages radi '~Pte3(llll~, Del'lO(l 1vOl'e 1)all t,---, the spreading aren. From de mpene which ated abot mplaints were never Tlus de(.omposH mn produe( d ~ re, c~eiv~.ed,o,p,qfp(ro,tsoeiml'tlSetthla(e'nsdewwbaaoggueetppll5aa0nnttfeooeppteerrfaarttooom?r ho maintained a Odor co Odors of sewage. Od )r e ()1//I ) ]&' ints' WUo maintained a the ....~ ~rom the se .... + 50 feet from. residence rectly wore restive ding basins but which wis in the rection were never,'.r,.e~c.+m/*.,r,-O,-D_pLU,,"d" te' an- d ~ ao..o..a-S, ,l'O- C_a,t.t,ua " residence m)~,~f,z,.,,2idenee wln(m .,*"~,~ direction of o~ 2otoho0ne0Easp2 yDlprta)erprerevddeea,asavdirmali'rtrnsa'lrioggoyefm'miapwakrevrtteilihhnoaiynedde.dutsssSFhcpael~rr)trorroeosm ea'aummafd11 hfamt1h'Betgpehe'u~etbbbnDfaaia,'eqasosnst:i]/id,ldil(nn.kneod,sss'r.,~s"'{t/p.po)7n1!r,r.'o0+eecooaabCcnwddolthiCnehr~no~mFigg&lsplPoaapwh6lE~~aa~atT.ssrear~AtmlwmilO3'.aLl.ec.1nn.r~t.,)e.'t~,hir~mccen'ooatcn.eyneetritrrvrnoboeltfeildt.it.eCwanoeetlll]ty, : RSIebai)vfeIneetrcrlsaaeyautplehfipdinaestaaemrmsawrayhtehecikrlc)eiarhloamvldaistulihi(sf'oaeruntessqaueoupdfefeainrcta}rlt(ioy'no.tn{.:ool.(.uU~.a,.il,~.tga.~alhegr,o,oanubeanglrehtiermnocslnTootaptolpgIeCareOO1.,%t,~'-o1*r~{iet,dem,mnaa[~ydyvmbbabeeeanutnsgosye'aC the concentrations used 10 el 10 ontrol alg ice state that the concentration ot oper SEL por example, the sed tes Tor drinking WALL of the United BI Sine(, lhis material is used to ('onuu/,,~,~)uo,h copper ~ 2-.~d dangerous. safely h, a re(,lanmqon oneration. ~Y", ~e not conSnwtS* "~(d States For exa,,,lde' the sla,,,h,,'ds ['~'. ~',.j~ eonce,,t,'at''} [ .m,.ae are seldom PPeeuxuxbcbeleelieie(~dcd HH3'2eeaalpllqptt)mmhh,.~S(eTT,lrh'hVveei(~e mseteatnet.tr/a',JtJi.o~n,'s~'eduusseecddonttoroleonpi ist,ot Dasa tthheeaaedwva,arne,tatzhee oOMvevpore(e~ararhtiircemnooi.pp"e mppsw(eei,g,rl,me `rmossaR auu3uyl.nlffdiaaadllte seswe,ooathbbe,eein. rf ,nuu.,coosst~oeenddE./ta t:aTf".Oom,'r],.ei'."na,-,, ,~al,-.-t,eiaa,,ottt,(a),xhn.u'ei,,r,'rzbeYesida,,.u,l,o~e"es.,..,.h,..,a.ns,o~"fhsteti.lHla.dm.vsoLreoa.lnnettaehgqtee;t chaPlnIotgreinuna rmekosfwitibbllee ar nSreotiinnaittseedda ozdnmitst'nitCfhoenaetta tmthlsJeco(urp~cL~r'~ee:,~;v~tnies8nsotplivroeondbaooobfxflYoyageemnm.Lo~r,oe~n-Tdh~eiinwtmithobwrenfittaGinlnlyt1rei s0u ble, the algae should be permitted ovelop freely eding grounuds: the possible odor ance, For that relsor, if local c E ppre. s mosquito Dreding 1 gun: from the algae i i inl...... '. ~ . ~ ..... +;,msoFsnrfaee .....,. ,,,,,bablV moc, fPo~ tl~e ~11~'30 ~/S aH oxygel~ ~()t,, t, tea,r'iO0, 1[ the possfffle odor nmsanee. I~ o~ ~1~ *o develop ~eely ~.,~qs are <o,'t.,. aMSbeulBBnor.t.,vtelIDh~yinesss('twctalrls.rv~a.'t'a.eersebThyhphooeeruttslhsdepepdrrbeeNteaah.odderpiitnep~grhr,me,ebhsrafaelsmtnieSc~naneu.sms.t,a~0.acJa(Jt,tOo-eetaddq0eiaanes'dm n sln,i oCCsCoqoHluuHIt n.rE-ttt-.O,t?;.vyto~uoSMrMsiePpgOeneEsdS((qC itTnIe~sgUit~"g~roAd au~)bpna.d.tt.,e.sed-.- pouring S| amen of 1950 an ALD CE ae 0 Ur n~ent l)iM riot reHpooirtsepdectiheespw]eersec,C~ l,lecr 'ppihp'c*~s' '"" rol mosquito cr,oable tllll/ll]el'. ~11( spe(~,'es wore ~ ..... ' bo eauy t iatee of mosquitolfish.pGuasnsineit pe . Dm'h~ the summer o~ " '- nsh ganm".' .._ dIifOCciUulet3EC"oafndhiighly te no the fish in intermittently ope~- 11001122..00007711 272 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION WASTE WATER RECLAYIATION pupnoosllallutuittesefddacwwtaaotrteeyrr.ss aass aann eennvviirroonnmmeenntt ffoorr tthheemm lmnaaddee tthhiiss mmeetthhoodd ooff ccoonnttrrooll ummneeSSsttaphhptrooriaasddfyyaoioicnffntggommrowwoysis.iqttquhhuiitDDtooDDccTToonntiitnrnroovvllaawwrraiiaoossuussbbyyffoottrhrhmmeeuuululassaeettiioooofnfnss*"*twwtooaassssss--ttiirtrtisisee,,d"d".. ssmTTmahhaleelll ssggiiememllpapalttleiiensnst--t "ll"iiktkoeessbbiaaltlllsss" wwhhiicchh were ccoonnttaaiinn thrown inDDtDDo TTthewwiibttahhsiaans wwaaanttdeerr aseem mtuuhlelssiicffyoyviinengrginaagggeenmntat.t.erTTihhaeel '"ddtiiossAssslooslll-vvioeetfdds,,"thtthweheeewrDDoerDDkthTTroonwwwaamnsso lliiinbbteeorraatttheeedd.. basins squito control w and as as done the by All of th~ work on mosquito control was done by coveri~g' material rrcelpwrecsseennttaattiivveess ooff tthheeANNosorurtrthvheeeyrrnnwSSaaasnnmJJaoodaaeqquudiinunrCiCnooguunnMttayyyMM ,oos1sq9qu5u2ii,ttoobAAybbaMartte.emmWeeinnlttlilD)iaissmttvriRice.tt.Kellen, `RRweeesAsreeeaasrcruoccrlhhvleeEEcynnttteoowdm~aofnslrooolmogmgiaidststehteaadttsuptthrhrieeenagUUdnniiMnivvgeaerybrs,saiist1tiyy9n5soo2ff,wCCebaralyeliiffM ocorlrnran.isiasaW i..fiiTTeldhlhieeaamsiinnfssIoeeIlcc.lttsosKwwwseh:lhlieiccnhh, were collected from the spreading basins were classified as follows: HHSeeammliiippdttaeecrraa: Saldula interstitialis CoSGGreaeirlrxirdriiiadddeaaaeee: ::: CGoerrirsicslliancdoegcnoiltours Corixidae : Odonata Corisella inscripta OCdLoCoieobnneeaalntglaarugliriiididdaacae:e:: slE';pn.naallllaaggmnaa sspp.. Libellulidae : sp. CCoolDleyeotopiptstecerriaadae: Thermoneetes basillaris i { Dytiscidae : AAggaabbuuss duitsoesnutsigratus i HLyacdcroopphoirluuss asruibspteurbneaslciesns Hygrotus lutescens Huygrotus collatus HHyyddrroopphhililiiddaace:: BBBeeerrrooosssuuusss smmtirillieeasstus Diptera BTTrreoorpopisissultseersr~tnruti~sas lllaatleerraalliiss DPiCPspuytsleycirchcahoiodddaicidd;aace:: IPC'ussglycechxhootddaaarsaaalllittcserr~nmattaa TCTeeun(nldid=ciiippdCeeahddeiii:drdoaaneeomidac): Culex tarsalis Tendipes decors (-- Chironomidae) : GTGlelymyppltitpooett,ese.'nmddtie'ppeeemss'ubbsaarrbbiippecss `EEpphhyyddrriiddaace: : Seatella laza SSeeaatteellllaa sptaalgundaluims EPaprhaycdorcaniraipbairsicatosa BBoorrbboorriiddaaee:: Leplocera fontinalis DDoloiliccooppooddiiddaace:: sp. sp. aass IIttthoiissse those iinwnwtthheeiirrcceehhssttihhinanaggvveettoobbeenneeoonntteeccoottllhhlleaaectcttteettdhdheesfsfreeroomiimnnssooeexcxctitissdd,,aattiiiiunoonnggeeppnneooernuarddlas,sl, ((aa33rr22ee))..tthhee ssaa~mnee idaOOcff idae httahhveeessppbeeecceiineess have been ccoolllleecctteedd,, kknnoowwnn ttoo PbbPeessyynnccuuhhiioossddaanaancceaaeslls.!t.eerrP~Pn,ssaayytlaccahhaaoonnddddaa ttfifhmllieieessvvaaaarrrriiceoouuppssaacrcrththiiiicrcrouuonllnaaoorrmmlly-y- 11001122..00007722 | WASTE WATER RECLAMATION ke) WASTE WATER RECLAMA.TION 73 saasspssrooeccaiidaaittenedgd bwwaisittihhns ttrnrioicckknlluiininsgganffciielltsteerrwss..erITennerttheheeatenndum; mnhbboeewrressverffo,ouutnnhdde around the paortoeunntidaltihtey osopffrMettohahdseeiqnffuoooi~rrtmmobaaatbtsiiriooennnesdooinfnfognn,nuuiuiussniasalannincckceeeeccfslooynwnddbeirirtteeiieoodcnnirssnegaee,xtxeiipsdstrt;eeeddsh..eonwtsevaerr,eathlepupboltiecnhtieaallittyh `ddamanonMgsgeqo'orus.irq.tuoiTTetshoheembarppeyrreeedsslieeennnagcdc,eetuooonffltihkcceeoonnmfdduliylitttiibioorpnenlessidccicanootgnin'od,dnuupccroiiefvvseeemnatttloosarattihhaeerleaddmleeovsvpqeeuullbiootlppiocmmesehe.nnetat Altoolhf-f omtththoohoseuuqrgguhhistponnreooesadmaainnanooygpphhlceeeolalnididnnieettoioootrnrhsemmtamahlelauayrlrtiiiaamplllaicymmaotobsisoeqqnuuifitootooufenedsm s.awwlFeaeorrrireeatluccnmooallotlleeesccqlttuyeeiddt,po, resiuu.mnnaddAreelyrr- omathlearrisapreisadrinar,,eal' ycofnoduintidonisn tChaelyifomrnaiya,beanfdouintd.maFyorbtuensautgeglyestperdimtahrayt ssmpparrMeleoaaarrddieaiinniggimspooroppaererrtreaaaltntyiitoonnft(sshmawwnniildlllthillneeeaadddCaanttologieffforeerwwnfirnnao,eemwwamnccadaalssaeeisrst..iamaisytbhaet sfurgogmesetendcepthhaa-t iltititiciMssu..loaArArelyvvim eeCccuptt(loo)rerrxtaiinnnfatrtthshtaheelaittnsrraa(tn3nhs3se)mm.idissaTssnihiogoenenrpoorfffersoeeemnnnccceeempphoahafllaaitlrithitiiaisss issiipssethctthihaeeets mmfironoosmsaqqunuidetintoaoc,r,eopppuhaanrard--- tttiihshceepualssrapptrrrileecyaualddCaii,rn~nlgdgyexbbtaafrsasuirien.nsssainliii.nn,Cdda(iil3cci.aaf2tto)ee.rssnTitthahheeewpheerxxeeirissseettenemncnocecseeqouooffiftthaaoinnessuushpnnsaesacvaifefeeesbessiiinettnuuaaanittmidioopnlna.ir.coTTauhthnieidsds ifsrepqauretinctullyarilny ttrhueetirnanCsamliisfsoironniaowf hbeortehmwoessqtueitronesehqau~i,neebeaenndimStp. liLcoauteids feernneccTqeeopuphehasnlautilmlitymtiiassrini((z33te44h,))e.. transmission of insect nuisances both western are unlikely equine and St. Louis in spreading arcas in spsppuibiTttleeoicoosfufhematthm lhteeah,rippzrire.eec,s.s,eeinnmnccoseeseqcutooifftnounneiuussmma,neeacrrreooesuusstaoriiebnnessueenecctxltipkessepcpleteyceciideeisns.u.nslIIpennsrsseseeaccadttdiuemmgqeuenanaatarceeceaemsssosittno-o qpquuuiibttlooicccoohnnettarrlootlhl ,oopip.eeer.r,aatmtiiooonnsssquaairrtoeeeuusn,uddaeerrerttaatkkoeenbn.e. expected unless adequate mos- DDIISSCCUUSSSSIIOONN ] aspAAetctttsthheeofssppthrreeeaarddeiincnlggamssaiittteeioiinnn oLTfooddwiai tiiettrwwafasrsopmpoossssseiiwbballgeee.ttooEsssttsueudndtyyiaaallnny,uummtbhbeiesrr ioonf-f |i caewlslhupuidedcecehdtdsmttiohhgfeehttmmheebetethhreeoocxddplssmeconotffaetdoiooppnfeerrroaoatmftiinsnwgugactahaerarreefpccrrlolaoamm jmeaactstteiiowionnnagtppeerr.roomjEjseesccsottefnaawtnniaaddtleltytrhh,eertehrrceeilsssauumlilnatts-s- i wttiiohoTnincnhaannomrdddippeguruhbbtltliboicceehheveexaaapllltuethahc.tt.eedtfhreomdasnugcehrsa project in connected terms of with the water reclama- use of sewage | eoefn~fIufntuehenneottrssodceiicnnrurataroggerrnieicccveuualllttauuunarrtdeee staauhnnredvdidviiananlnddguuosesftrtsrreyynctmomernuuincccehhcotrerregedccaeenwnnititsthmwwsootrhirknke whhuaaastessebrboeefaeensnnedwddooasongnieeel go((n3r355o)t)wh..ne AAiofnfcttceesurerrwraaaenngneceeepxxoahhlanaluduussttsteiiudvvreevsoiissvltta,uuldRduoyydfoooelnnfnste,tthrhieFecalccokoor,ngntatamannmindsiimnnRasaattgiiioonotunzwkooiaffctevvrceeogagnenectdtlaaubbsdlloeeeidssl |I gttihfhroaaatwtppnvvreeoiggnpeerttisaaeabbwtlleeeassgpercceaapcnnoalulbbtueeiteoggdnrrsooswaowrinnle, Rwiutdhoolufts, hFeaallkt,h twaiktehnou(t36h)ealth ahnadzaRradgoitnzkpioellcuotnecdlusdoields hazard in polluted soils |b idfemSSatoptuunpdsdritioeerpssartiooaenndte tttphhhraeeetcssacuuuorrtlvviioiifvvuoaasrllmaroobeffactvvtaaeakrrreiiinoaouu(dss3o6ee)nnn.toteetrriisccuroovrriggvaaeuniilssomnmgss in soil pinerisoodisl have h(a3v7)e | daSaonneidm dl owtthihnatasthttriappntaaettadhhsoostgghheeoannrtiitcccaooorlritggfiaoamnnriemissmm assbs,a,tcwsstuoeucrciwhhaeeaadsskostthhne(eo38ttt)yy.sppuhhrooviiiddvebbaalccoiinllllguussp,,eddriiioeedddsoouu(t3t 7iin)n QsdoiisisTTleehhaawesseeeithaattvivhhnaarrioiollauauasgbbglshlheehotthlTrhiietetteeauurrassateetitumuororeeffe asiisennwddtwaiiccgoaaettweeessfeieltkthuhseeen(t3spp8ooas)ssl.sitibbhioilluiittgyyh sewage effluents.although ooitff httahhsee nsseppvrreeeraaddbeeoonff it has never been | pdpdirirssooeevvaaeessunee bbtthyhyaattmmeddeaiiasnsneessaassooeeff wwssaeeawsws aaccggaaeeuusseeeeffdffd.ll.uueeTTnnhhttsese uppsrroeobdbaabbiinilil}ai~gt,r~yicooufflttthuhereettraraapnnpssemmairisssssiisoomnnaloolff used in a~riculture appears small. is,TTahheewapptrreeersseewnnhtticwwhoorrckkonhhfaaossrssmhshoowtwonnttthhheaatUtnaaitbbeaadccttSeertriaiootlleoosggiiPccuaablllliyycssaaHffeeealwwtahatteeSrre,,rttvhhiacaett ibbcsaoa,clctaateetriwriinooaglltooesggreiticcwtalahleldicsshsttaeacnwnoaddngaaferroddrossmr sfffooitrrnoalddtrrhsiieennwkkIa,ii~gnnneggit.tewwrdaeataSteettrrmaetecncsaatnnPpulbbaebenlitppcrreooHfddfeluuuacceleentddht tbbShyyerrovppueiegcrreh-- eaatot lTllaeehtaaiesnsttgrffeesodreunutr"ctlteffiedeoeenttseoowiffnassgoocieoilll..oirfofrinmalcosuenwtagies treatment consistent plant with effluent through that reported in tthheeThllieitteerrreaadttuuurrceet..ioCCnaalliaanwwaac.yov,l,ifCCoararmrrroelcl,o, uaannntddisLLoocnnoggnsi((s:33t9e9)n) tsswttuuiddthiieeddthttahhteerrreeepmmooorvtveaadll ionf of | | E 11001122..00007733 744 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION. 1 WASTE WATER RECLA.~IAT1ON bbwaaaccsttee0r.rii3aa1 iimnnm.aannThiinnettyeerrfmmoiuittnttedenngttressaaatnnlddy ffriielltdteeurrceoodff ewwohhliiiccfhhorttmhheecoeeuffnffteesccttiaivfveteesrsaapnnaddssssiiiznzege sswieenattsttElle0ned.dg3l1ssaeernwwadamagg.beeyTtthhAherlryoloueufngog,hhunB33rd00oogiiknrnsecc,ahhteelassynoodrffedWssiuaannlcdlde.id. aSScmiiosm mliifi(llo4aar0rrm) rreecwssohunulolnttsstfswowaeuefrnrteederoocbpbotlataaisiifsnnioneerdgdm irrsneeaddnEuudccnttsgiiiolozannensssdaaassbs yshhmiiAaggllhhllenaaa,sss B99r88ooppkeesr,rcceaennntdt.. WEExxitltlrriaaapmpoosllaat(t4iin0ng)g those at Lodi leads to the wffrrhooommfottnhheuessdee conclusion cddoaaltitfaaormttoo that the sccaoonlliidffoorsrmimzersreemamsoovvsaamllssalool bbattsaaiintnheeoddseiinnattthhiiLssossdttiuuddleyyadaarsree taoass tm mhieigghhctot nhhcaalvvueesiobbneeeennthaaanntttiitcchiie-- ppaatTteehdde.. removal of coliform organisms was alTected by the filtering action oooufftTtthhhaeees ssraoeoimlil.r.eosOvOuanlnlctceeooffrreceomtmhloioefvvoeeurmddnfffaorrvoroogmrmaanbttihlshemee sllciioqwqnuuadiisiddtaittfohfhneeescsseteeodfoorrbtggyhaaennthiiesesm nmvfssiilrtrreoaarnppiimniddegllnyytacddtaiiioneenddd aoallusstoo soil abbseeccaaauursseeesuoolfft flora (37). ttohhfee tpphrreoodduuuncctftaiiovonnorooaffblaaennttcaaoggnoondniiitssitotiinccs ssouufbbssttthaaenncceeenssvbbiryyonttmhheeennn~oorrmamnaadll sloitiCCtllhehfelemofmirrcaioacmla(ll3ltyy7h,,)e.ttshheeewawwgaaetteeerrffpplurreoonddtuuccfeerddombbyywhtithhceeh ssipptrrweeaaasddiinrneggclooappiemereradat.tiiooUnnnlddeiisfffsfeerrteehdde selsieletwetwlmaeaeggneeftrosccmoosnnutttchaahiiennassssettwocoahxxlgiiocceri+emdfaneftsaleu,treeirsniautalllfssfarotooemrrs,hhwiisghgo'bhidcihccuoomin,ntccewbenoantrstroraanrte,tiicoolcnanticssm.,ooe~ftdh.euuUnndwdneaelstesiesirrsraabbtrhlleeee- cceinlllaeaimimmmeeeeanddstsuffrrrsoiuomncmghiitttawwhsieillcllshubblioeetrassidbaaitetliissis,ftfayasccuttolooffraryytse..esCCw, hahlsglooeordriiiwuddameetss,eccrbaaonnfrobobreen,nuresseueetscdde..,aassthTaaehnnewiinndaddatiietecraaattrooie+nr- TpiTnraaobbdmllueeecat99siuosshrnhioontwwghettthhhcaahetltosrdduiunidrtreaiinbnjgigolnitttyhcheoenocppferronosteccweresasasstgieooofn[wwwiaanatctetreererrafsouuetrtdiillrifizezrnaaotstiemio.onn3T2aahntneodd rdssoaeeutwawgaahgglineey p77co00roncppdeppunmmct,tr,ioaaatnnniothniinencicnrcreceharalessoeaersideooeffpei33o8r8n cppcyppocmmlne..ceoEEnfmm twrpaaplttlioooeyyrniinnuin~sgec,rtthehaaiitssselffdeiiaggsfnutrrroeefmivooe~f3c2ccyhhetlollooerrrsiioddwueeoguhijloloyndn I cbbtheeoenppcuooepssnpsstieirbbrallteelioimbbnieetffinoofrcroeerrecatthhsheeelopccroeoinrncdccebeeynynsctltrertaahtoteiifoosnwntaarrnteedeaaarccrhuhdesesedd,o at least fiw: cycles f2255t0h0e ppUppnmimtewwdhhSii~tc,ahhteiisss would Pssueebttliaacss tHoHhbeeetaaalulittpnhhpedeSSreeirlrnvivmiitcciheete,.fogTTrrhhociiuhssnlorrdereiuuwdssaeeetsewwbroyousutlohlddethsbbateetanpptdoohsasessridifbbisllgeeoufreeetvvheeoennf UfiifnifviennteoocdyddcSilitlleanusttteiiiososnnPa uwwcbeoelrnricee. ssoeebrrTtvvanaaintttiievhvdeee iroonennecet.l.haemagtrioounnodf water so domestic that the sewage fi~nre of five it is possible cycles that an is a con- unsatis- ffraaoccIuttnoonrrtdyyheddwarrrtieinecnrkkl.aiinmnTggahtiwwisoaanttweeoorruflwwddooouumrlleddessubbtlieetc ppsrerowoddauugcceeeddit from the iiiffs ttphhoeesrrseeibwwleaassthnnaoot ddainilluuuttinioosnnatibbsyyhigh nitrate concentrations pgp10rrrooodupdunupcdcmeeddwaraaaetttegttrhe.heneTeggrhrarieeslalatwyteeorcruoddlndeesppitrtdhehesssr.u.eldNNt iiufttrnrrosaamattteeitisjhoofennachcctoioognrnhcyceesnnnititnrtrcraaeattitinoeoinntcssroaggntrreceeseaantatteerrrreatttihhoheanalndns dt1toio0lbbupeetpimorrneessafpparooecnntsosgiriebb,nlleheeorffwaooellrrvyeiirncn,offaanwnnsotitudmlemdreeettdrhheeeudmmunocosgeagltlitooshbbfeiiancnceteomonmrcaayen((st44irn11a,,ctei442o2n)n.)i.ttroaTTthhaeeessaeeafxxrepepeelcehcvtteeeellddd. idnilTTuthhhtieeeolnddiaatftetaaracattooounnrr,epphee(orr1wcc0oo,ellv2aae1ttr,ii,oo4nwn3)oaa.urreelTdhggreeeenndseeuprrcraaelelllaytydhieccnoogcnnososinpissecttreeeannnttttiraowwtniiiottahhnt ttthohooasseesarrfeeeppoolerrvtteeedld. Lodi produced roirneebssttuuahlliettnsseliiidntnetitrenearrm trumeeercdedliiaaa(m1ttae0et,bbi2oee1nttw,wp4eeree3onn)g. trthThaoohmssesee spreading operation at Lodi uoonbbtdtaaeiirnneeodtdhiiennr ssseeowiwlaaagc'oeendffiaatrrimmoniinsn.gg produced aanndd tthhoossee toiboCCtnaooinnrntaettiidennsuui.nooTuurhsseecssluaucbmbommnateteirironggnueeonnpuccsreeoagwwpripaittlmhhicsffaiiutnninaaodllneeerfoffffollutusheeennetttrilgsgeoadaivvlseeceotwthnhaeedgiethhiiiogggnahhsvee.essttcoppneesrriccdooellraa--- taafibbrollonyymrlloatotwhweeeesr.rinrTrtaahetteeremssicwwtohtnhieticncinhth,u,sonnpuoorsneneaeatdthphiepenlllegiescsosasf,t,iowsweneetrrtoeelfehdhsiiegsgthehtlweeerradgttehshaeawnn attghheee grra'aattveecss cooobbnttasaiiidnneeerdd- ftrhoeIImttsaattapphrppeteeaiaonrrfsstecrttohmhnaatitttiatneaunpopturrsesepllisrimepmariidneniaaandrrgyiynossgpfprrwseeiealatlddtliienpndrggosdaaeunnwcddaegrreebe.esssttitiun~gresppueelrtrsiio.oddTpphrreiioorrprtteoo- cltlihoimenmtiinsantiaaanrrryiytngssoppfarreehcaaioddgniihtnnionggrugmmoauaansyyicsbbpleeoraemmda.adaddTineehgewwiwlitatihrhllgenmpamartomteedorruiuiacanlelt ssbonufeccshohtrgaraaessnsiuss(cel~ttsttmt.llaeetdTdthessereewwmpaaarggyeee.- rrmceeaosstnuuttllaettirniininwnigrrlalaappbiiheddigbcchrllooooggkrggegiinannnggd,i,ochhwlooonwwaedwev.ivetTerhrh,,etwwhlhehaeregfnnoertthamhm eaetobibnoaasnnsiitnnooffiissaogrrregegssratteneegdidactttm ehhsiiassottfooerrrmggaaamxnnaiiiycc- mm muuamtmterssttaawbbiiilllliittbyye.. bFFrooollklloeownwiidnnoggwtthnheewrrieetsshttiintnhgge ppfeeorrriimoodda,,tiwwohnhiiccohhf ssabhgooguurlhedgl abbteeesccooonnfttiminnauuxeeidd- 11001122..00007744 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION k75i WASTE WATER RECLAMATION uiunnntgtiillpetthrhceeesnsuutrarffgaaecc,eessspooaiildl im mnogoiissstteuuerrmeesecdooennsttieernnatbtliiess. reduced to the permanent reCdouncteidnutoousthesupbemremrgaennecnet wiltwmialty- titnhhgeeAnnpsebbieremcggieiilnnna.t.ragopee, rsaptaidnginsgchseeemmeshadsesbieraebnles.ugCgeosnttienduboyusBlsiussb,mJeorhgnesnocne, manayd S`SmccahAhtiitffseffrim((a22in11ld)a).r.ioTTmphphereeroyyavthheiaanavvggeegsrucuehssgeeeadmdtecceoohfttaottorsomnnbateggieiionnnn.sttruraagTssghhheesttotpoerdbbeuulbiiiyllmddiBnuualppirsystt,hhreJeeossshtooniiilnlsgooonrprgg,earaaninnioidccd wom wbaaatssatticcenaarllllmaeenadddxttihihmeme puiinrmnocevuupebbearaatctgiioaool'nrnaet~ppi'eoearnrteiioorfdadotreaamsnn.ddatiwwoaanss. cTohnesipdreerleimd iensasernytiraelstiinngorpdeerriotdo considered essential in order to eofbfTTtlauhhieenentmddfaaaottxraaimriiennucddmliiaccmaaptateeetrictotohhnleeaptddiuoeersnpsiiorrsraaaebbtsiei.llsii.ttIyyf aooff puuesrsiicnonglgataaiohhniiggrhhalltyye ppouufrrii0ff5iieeddacssreeeww-afagegeee,t epp6f.eef1rrl4uaaeaccncrrterefeosppreewrrroedducaallyaydmiibssaetttiaoarkkneeeqnnpuiuaarrsspedoaasefddoseer.ssaii]ggfnnfalecorrpwiiettereorcrfioiool1nan,t0iffo0oo0nrr,0aar0a0rrteeegccalolalfamlmo0aan.t5tsiiooapnncerrppel-ldaafaennytet.,,t PrP6er.r1qoo4uvviiiarddceiirnmnegegsnfft~oovrrowbuboa]audssliidnbnennbeoornenioqonpupceicrrrreeaaadttsiieoofdnonrtddouaur7riif.nl3no6ggwttawcworofoesmm1.o,o0Tn0nnt0ithht,0issa0loo0ffcgttohhsaetelsloy,yneeisaanrrpattehdhrdeeildltaaiannoyddn. rttaoeonqdttuhhciaaroettnmtoorfefolnftstih.~eewOpollaeaunnrlddda,,tbiwwenooguiunlclcoddrsetiiasnnscwcellodnuuddlteeod bb7iaa.n3ssci6ilnnuadlcleeervevdeesill.kiinenIgngm',,iatididainilkkteeecnoeeasrrnteesccc,ett,iiiononnp,a,udmppdpiiiipptniiiongnng,g mmanoosdTstqqcumuoiianttotoyroccbloosenn.ttsrOrtoorplle,,esreesattectedi..nhgerceosttshawtotuhled include steady dike rate maintenance, pumping, of 0.5 feet per day was t`thhmaaaItittnoom tbbaafitayaniiennbdeeedrdastatarettessLLmsooeadddyii hwwbeieirttehhfotaauhnadsst.iinntgghFlleeoersssootitelihl.a.idsIIynrneraooastttboheeenrroiftssoo0mii.lla5ssyeefennbteteitirrdeepalleyynrgddediiraffoyffeuerrsweenantstot m eexxatTtirrhnaaetppaooiplnlraaeotthdeeibrttoiaottieoovsttehhmeecrroasycctoobonnefddiimfttoaiirokomnniassnl.gwwFhhlioaiccrrhhgeth-mmsiisciggarhlheettafsbbioeeenldeeninstcctoomuudnaninyettseebrrfeeeoddrdariinnencgttlehhareemoaufftiiseiellotddon.. uuofnnTddsehemreralpddliriffopffiheelirrobeetinn-ttstivcasseoolieicllobsccatoosnnoidnfdisimttiiaaootknnitssnhgell"eedldRairttgocoehtt-mhshoceenaldddeeexvFf,ieiceellloldodppsmmtSeutendanttiteisaaonnnfdodorfccrootennhcsesltatrrmuuunccaitttviiieooornnn- ssosiiifttsvyts..emdPPaorlrlfeellpsiiitmlmouitid-nnysaati~rrnayygledwwbiofoarfrsekkirnesddntooanntseemthassleiilnnRccueiencibtttnhshemeanniidndnccFmeeeppietttilihodoonndSstooaffotfiotthphniiasscokfppirtrnhoogejjeesocmcittlficcvioonentnr-o-- stcthihoseen~m mde,id.tiDDoofuunrssritinnncdggoyuttlihhndeeghsseduuimmfpfmrmeeoreerdrnuctoofefsdm1199ai55lnl11 suiimttnaiwwltaslassasncddadeelmmemoonsensotitshltroradactotseelodudmfuttphshaa.acttkBrrineyepgp'rrcoosadodruuielcfciuiinbbltllloeey `cptpoaaacnnckkdksiin,itgnio5"gnfaasieireretoddrhnriiiledegddh,,baehhnoopdmmroo3ogdgefneencneietizzdeeinddindaainnsamddmeasstlcelerrresc,ceeannrleeeeddprsssoooodiiliullcciiionnblttluooemccpnooesrrr.rrcnBuoggly'aaatttceieaoddrnemmfreuaettltealasyll, wwtaeenrTrkeens,oosbub5tctaafheiinneaeetnddh..iiRns'htaalnladti3onfetehte in diameter, pan method reproducible of collecting percolation samples at rates inter- g m mcoeeldIdanitiaaisttnueegchddleeiapqpntuthihidssnsawwttoaouludllailddftifoebhnreeentccthooemmdpepplpaletenttheesmllyyefituulhtnnoessrdaatstoiitssfiffccaakoccstltloooerrrcyyt..i"npTTgrooosabssmaeamsmp"plpellseewhattihthceeihnpptaeeerrrre--- cpptoohoerlraoomtuuionsssgtcceelirirqmaam pumoiiidrcctaaccnytyltlidinnicfddrfeieertrrsese,r,nihhtonaadvvieeenpbtbsheeesleeenncfitddliteeenvvgreeallsootipppcreekoddsbeo((44ri44s)~"i..ptsrITottabvwweearasssa"gffewoonpuhonnircddohstithathrayae,tt taPahenmerddmmetthaohbaasitttlititmhhteeypobbireestssattanntppoootcrrhrooiestsreiirttyiyToanlclitieeoissnr iisninenlfetthlhceuetiennrrgaca'ninangggeeprpbboreebottebwweieeseebnnietsh11aavaavinneodrdrag11ae00n pmoircorosnitsy., dmiccarnonbse. | Paaprddeojjrbuumess.etteeaSddbtiiloolilrrtyaccnooiorsrrtreehaccenttroeedtdfhaeffcorotrrofrbabcyyistoaatrpphppeillnsyyftiilnrunue~gcntcaauirnppagrrl'ooppspeterorrrebdndegeetggbhrreeehoeeafvootffihoettrmepn~arsnsioidoobnnecttaiootnstethlbhfeee. pFFarnooodrrbedee.uxxraaSam mtbiplplllleeea,,ntooecatawhrribetborhomsfratmucantdndodmur mncisotnttutuhbbieeenssusetwrwdueecrurtseeue.rffaooBluuynsntddrbeunttrogoy'tibbbneegossfuutfh~tfheicecipiceprnnorttobllbyeyeasstitttrsroaeonnlngfyg". addbeenessdiiprrodeesdudsriaddbbleeeplpetththtooaacnnwoddliltecchcoostnntannsneeacdcmttipinclnaoeg"nstiiittfnotutoroedaachhuheasamenni.gcg'aiiBnlnygg'abcenuoaorlhlyymsiinimngs oowtfhfietwwhapoaturteeotrrbeaiitftfawwetcootauninllnyddg bssiieggFnnpoiiolffisilcscoaiawbnnilttenllyygtotttbhhbeet~pdpoeeellrrvecceeotolllosaapattimimooenpnnlteoosffofwwfaoaatrtmeerecrhtttelhh~morrodiocuuagfglo'hhrattmnhhaaeeklyssioosinililg.s. withont affecting pilot-scale spread- iihnnegeFyobblaalasosriiwennssic,n,ogwwrhrthhuiigccehahdteeaavdrreeemlocceaatplalmllleeeddtnatllnyyokssfsiimma5eemtfteeeerersttsh,,ohttidwwgeheFnnoatrtnyymdbba3aakssfiiniennegsts pwiwineleordrteei-ascccmooaentlnesestrtsrr.pnurcBeettaaeecdddh.-. tTtTaaihnneekkysiiassdrssreuuacppiopnplrilriineuegdgdaewwtaeicitdthhhmtsseaeewntwakaalggtr'eeauneenkffffsillunu5teeonnftetesoote.rrphawwireaaabttteeearrncffdorrlo3lonemlfcetaaeitn22g--iniintncdachnhiakhsmh,eecaa5tdde5eerr.rgEappliiapplceoe.hn. Lstieneelsddrruamisn,inign ewahcihchtanmekasrnunreimnetnotsseopfarpaetercocloallteicotningr'atteanwkisl,l 5b5e gm'aadlleo.n steel drums, in which measnrenwnts of percolation rate will be made. 11001122..00007755 6 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION 76 WASTE WATER RECLA~IATION theFFiilvvyeesimrreeetpperrrees,sseenTnthtaaettsiievveesoCiClaaslliaiffrooerrnnHiiaaanfssoooiirlldss hfhiaanvveeesabbneedeenyn lssoeeallemecc.tteeHddesffpooerrrissattuusddayyndiinyn ltlshooaaeanmmdl,y,ysCCilmooolaelumutemmrwbsbai.isaaTthlloaeoaksaememn,,sofYYirlosooltmaoortellhooeHaammsa,pn, rfaaeonnarddddinfOOiganaekaklrlseeeayyandissynaannLlddoo..admiTT.hhaeHendeHHsawpainenlfrlfiooabrredsdaunffsidiennydee sttoaonTggdhiivyveeelloccyaoosmrrirrmeeewlltaaaettsriivvtseaetkffueaadnccyttfoohrrroassmsbbneetothttwweeeyseeepnntrebddaieidssettinunurgcrbobeamedprdeleaaatnneiddnd.uuLnnoIdddtiiissisttauunhrrdobbpeewedddilffliitebehlledadtusssotoehiidlle. iginenfnfToeohrrrmeamlaalitytziisiooinmnng 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oasaormmgdmmaiounonminsiimaaisn,iissditisssupmuppeaprpylsliiinebegded cmmloaoryreeparraratppiiciddlellsyy. exchanged for tdtDhihuavaan'nrlineiingttt caciaaonsnnpsrbheeoeanduuitttniihlgleiizzcpeeldedaryibboyydco, mmmipifilccertrhxoo,e-- tttohhhreegerraeaenbdbissyymoccrsaab,uuesidstiinnamggmamaayoddbniieissppaeeexrrwscsoiihoouannln..dgeAAbdtte ftthohere cdcooivnucacllleuunssiitooninonoosff oxidized making otthnhee tsshpperreecaaladdyiinncggomppeeprrliieooxdd, for a greater aggre- igtghnaaettiipooaanrndts,ooonnrfbotetrhhdeetahrrmeeessmnduimomfnpfptietairiooewnnncoeoousffldbsseppbrtreeweaeaodedxininindggif.zi.enTaTdlhhimiessfafeeklxxuinpepnlgltaannfaaoantrtiidooannsgetmmrtealaaeyytdearascceaccwogoaugugnrnetet,,-, aTiTnhhgeerpeallaaartttte,ttererrfodbbrieesiitpnhneggershhidiiniggfghhfeeearrcretniiincnoenaa,smmhbmmeeontonwcnieeiaaeantthhlfaaoinnwneattrlhheeepfefffrolocurroemmlnaeettrriao~wnnvodourulasltddeet.tttleeennddd sttoeowhhaaagvveee. waogNuNrluueidiasstmah(,n~arccpeedpssiesncpcooepnrnasnnrieentccgittceeuaddlcatwwrioliiyntthh, ifhaaemnrorceseeccqlluaaaimmtlaooatewtiisoeonrnweppprelleraacnnaottlllammotiwaoaeyynd bbrtaeeotebss.eerrreiieooduuss,f.reTTehlhiyi.ss cTwTohhoneeusliiiddmmephrpoaaortprittpoaaennnnccoeefpooatffrhtemmicopoususqblqaluuriilcitytoohieccfaoolnmntthtorrosoflqlauciiitnntoorttehhsoeefwccroeoenrncettlrraaoomllllaoootwfif oeeendnnccvteieoptphabhla.lraeiliettidiss fmmraeaekkleyess. octoh~Wneseriewedeidedsreag.gtrriTooohnwwattothhfssitshw,wehihimipccpuhhrbolmmivcaeayymheeoonacctltecshuurirfnaaacrpptapoptereeasaorrfossfrtteopocelrbbaceemolbabaeettinnoieeofnfinicvcihiiaatalalvle.rraahttheheeenrr tthhaann. asso- hcociaittaan~ttdeee,rddwwwtisihietet.hhgTttrhhhoeeawtggtrrihsoo,wwoitmfthhpwoorefofevvvdeaasmrriioemonuuatssysggirrinaansscrssareeetsseassiinenossftpphprreeeearadcddioiifnlfnaiggtciuaaolrrnteeyaashs.ai.nvOOecnnobnttehthereenooolatltshhiseneorgr- amhmoraosenqsdqum,iantiitotnhoeteesas.i.RnHH'eroodowwweothevnveoetrrhf,,ewiisffepeddrdeeespaptdtmhhissnagyooffbianttshhcirrrneeeeeawseffeeeecdetttsheoocrradnmmifouofrisrceeuualooltfyflyssieebnwweaaccggooeenntteerrffooffllllulluieeendnng.tt Tahreismtaeicnhtnaiinqueed tTihoins ptoencdhsn.ique hoans has tbbheeeeennspuurseseeadddisnsuugccccbeeasssssiffnuullwllyyeeiidnns cccooannnttrruoosllulliiannlglgyttuublleeesscoiinnntroooxxliilddeada--. tion ponds. _-- . 11001122..00007766 | WASTE WATER RECLAMATION 77 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION AADDDDEENNDDUUMM fheDDufurireiilnndggstttuhhdeey,wweteeheekk soopffreJJauudlliyyng1188b,,as11i99n55s22,,wessuruebbsseecqaqruueeefnnuttllttyoo ettxhhaeemiccnooemmdp.plleeSttuiioronfnacooeff tSaahnanemddpflisseiuulndbbgsssuutprruaffdanayccs,eewtehssrooeieillsssrperwwemeeaorrdveeiendccgooillbnlleaeoccsrtitenedddserwaatnneoddreasaaccnnaeaarrleltyyfazzuieenllddy,t,heeaaxnnraddemaisaanoennndsuu. fmmSobrbueertrfrhaecooiefrf sfaaimluprleingtopfaunnsctwieorne prermopoevreldy idnuroirndgerthtoe aisncveesrttaiignattihoen.reasons for their failure to function properly during the investigation. b11..asFFSSiiippnggrsruueeraaarfeeddtsisinenrggaa aBBttpahahspsrriirononouuSSxgguuihrhmrffaaahhtcceeesssslhhyoowwtwttohheeyeaaapprsppeeoaafrrasapnnrcceeeadooiffngtth.heeGessnuuerrrffaaalccleeyss,ootffhetthhbeeasddinrrsyy, bHhhaaaasdddindaaseaddvferrtylyeorpccearradpaccpkokrneeoddxtihmccerrauubtsseattslyiccnootsnwnssdoiiussyrttieiinnanggrgs lsloapafrrrgegseaepdllryiyenagood.ffinrrgAeel.ssliiGddbueuaeenssseinroaso,flflywaa,illgttghahaeeetbwwhaehhsiiieccnxhhs. hclslciieaeettptpdwllttaeeiidgooaeaennlvligeooezffaaflfolllDDpuggeerraandoonntww;ddotnthChCh,,e,,~nhwwddceeuueereerbeetahttsssooeiiinmmtteshihrileeludaasrurrrteeriiillwnnnaaattgaasiippvvpspaeepellelyarmyaerorassaashhdntnoioccnrleretagt..c.ttkBBiiiAmaanmslsgeelii.nnbooBffaIDassssihhnppiaasrrne,ddeaCaw,eeddxxiiiwtnppnhhegegirrtciiwwheheieninttchchheeaexddad2- sbwbeeehweeinncaghuuenneeddxfeteflreruneccdnooetn~d:ttii~ahnsmeunomocuuuesscthhssueubabcsmmreouernrsggeteewntnocacseetwaffohoornrioaanslhctmhnleooasscsttkbieaanlgoyy.weeBaatrrahsehhinaasdduCrdd,feewaeechppeicocchrfraahcctakkhdsse swsooobihislBBli,,ecyyrhwwvhsseheippixcccaathhhddeaniiwnwnndagggaeessdstthaahaweestthyyibbmppcaaiiushcscicaiannhlhlssaccadttllsoaoatyoyaaeaenkyyeeddnlleteoooppapattlmthmhwacoweowofifiiittnnhsshceehtvvaaheecesrppralalsblaa|oettilyfflyoeeweepssrttttorrftuiihuittlcceett.wwuusararuTseesr.h.fppeaoocsfessisinioabblflleesthottieool opprbroosPPfefaiai'rrllrvetetessiiccaacllerrheeeassniisszgzhheeeooswddwiwinnssthtiirrinnicibhbFFuuiitthgigiaouuodnnrreetiha~niik. etthhneepssluuarrcffeaaccinee effective sizes and uniformity coeficients the soil profile. The final sswooieillrewweecrraeeleddneelttaeetrremdmiinn(eeTddabaalnnedd soil 1tt8hh)ee. eofffTTTIetnnchhhteeeiTTveafefairbrbgalaslhcceeitzttieiso11sop55nnrssaeiinssaoodfdfssihhccnnoollgnwaawiyybnnf,,aossstrtiihimhnllesteti.taabbynnTaaaddsscebeoslseaeeeafnxxnf1icdcdc6hhiaaeaagrnrnnieetggvseeeppswrrcceeteoohssrmmeeeepnnpclttcloeeeeanddxxlcceiiuoonnnflftarTTtttaehaahtdbeebilloeess(nuuT11rro4a4fff.a.bacocleeregsas1oon3iii)llc.ss omm 3afatwBTtthtiytyeteerhrcceooiiit~gnmnh~hpattptathhareesripgissinnruuevggrreaffnttdaahhicceneheegeddrssaaoboetitailaalssis.it.oonnnsis.ppTaaarparttpbiialccerlleee1n6sstiizgzeetivhddaeiitsss,tttrhriiiebnbucugttoeiiuonoecnnreappnlrrt,reeasstteeihnonettnreeeddofhiiaonnsrgTTbaaaebnbelilcnee 33a~o{sfmm mwmowiiioagsgttrshtrtaeatrccttlihiloeeoaaanapntrrpllolo~yyiff'iessvttdhhhch,onoeewwhffhanniiendnirieenernrthBBppieataaasrgsrititirsiinneccaallCCtepe,,e,sspswwtahffhrrirdeoicocenmhhmct,,rtteatahhhaseessaaaetss,rruuieernrissnffuuaafllccgitteneeooensfttfoeottirhnhalloeelot,wvggherteerhrereeasaddturteeereepfprrtahtahachasmemss..o.oubTTTunehhnhteiiitnsssss mom aSAifummigrogwofruraauaanctnttteeiitorownonoaoffpum mpcclallaldaiayyeyydbhhe,iiaannhdvvaeeettdhchreeaaethassttesuwuwerrogodfffafraooecaclaleenddtdessseooet(iffilf2lfdee)cettchthctb::eeryeabb((d1s1aaee))ssceeribbneeeyyaxxfscciddinhheeneaaccgs~nrrggeeitnhaeeaesstiicchnrnaaeeggpplaasacttutchihirietetvfyyaecaaaebobo.mfsfsoooTlttluhuuhhntaatitesett sPSobDufeeof rocfccrcalleooacarrryyerreieiwinssnnppocooutlthnnahldedyediitbnsnshuueggarlrlfdfnyyaaecctciieehurneeecattrrshsheeueeeaardssfpepeadedaec.rrn.eccdooSSs~liolm"aa(in2ltctcsii)e~,oo,,nntbhaayetrrtaaditItLe~neeoccodrrdttiehei,h,aarrssottoiehunhuegeiggnhhsstthuutthebhbheseesruucerslsrlfufauaaayrrtccffivaeeafcecreeasscoaoitssmillihhssoooonuuaualrnrloddeeft ptsSSHhuouioebebomssrussuueruurcrfbbfahsiascnuucerelr,cffa.laaar.ccgTTveeehhrteehwwtaoophpnuneaelrlnrtddcchootettlhleeaasentntuididorrofanntattoocerreaddatettesheecocrrrioleettsnhaah,grssrtoheeohuuetttgghhhhhieeencpptstrhehueereerraccfsoosaseluuclaaeibbtntssiiutouothrhnrnaffeatarrccacateetlthaeeeywwttahdafhsesrrrocaoriciuunnetggiiiaohtthsiineaattllhohlilyeenfy | psp"oPoeelerrarmclyJcaoaouylyllcaeeeahtrnrtissisoeolnawwsnroottgfuhnhoelrrlrroddomu,teubbahdgee'ah,hnfftwtohohtorerhemumelsseeuuddrdbbasbstbbueeuyyrrffatttahanhhccreeoeeiunmmwwgeioroihgugeurlarlatsaddhteteiibbnneiesgngunnetrefffgihignalneleeicissggeo..iivbbetTTllhrheeh-aeaetuulnnlnntllheeeertetssassteedeffccefflleecoaaccrfytyet,,aplleseieiefnfrncssnnieoenoos-s | | lcaltaiyon.lenses l5a0tTTiophhneeer. cddeaantttaa formed, ioonnn tbboaatssaeel would be an inc,;ease in the over-all rate of perco- eeexxxccchhhaaannngggeeeab((lTTeaabbbllaeese11s55))ocsschhuoorwwrettdhhaadtturaaiddneegccrrteehaaesseespoorffeaaadbbioonuugtt "S5sQctt0luauuaaydydpyye.taa.rosscPPe4mamnaretrectntnatitntooiiifofootnnnotteehhtddaiidssliaasdedbbpexeoolcccvvarrheceee.a.eaanmssTTgeeehenhateeiisbs lrbraaeeeyssmmssbooahaacicsyiiinnedaaisirttnneeogogddgcecfwfwnruriaiarttccrhihettoidinottoshhnndeeauoonddrffdeienccttgrhraheeeeaatshssddleeeeeoccwiisrrnnpeelaarsseessuuaeaercrdffhwwiaainaccnagesegs due to a cation displacemeut by bydrogeu ions and a slow leaching 11001122..00007777 3 STA W `WAASSTTEE ~WVAATTEERR RREECCLLAAM MAATTIIOON N SY oh, 7 a | " Bl Ssh 3 "1 ANTI E widRB R CETTHEATRA Y he Ta Fer leePy g dt 5d Be Lp PIERS e 8 Lt f lo es C e N he he HT 5 Fl . Fuolr B| ol e Re , e2 li pRy N L L o L e 4) ne TNITER Ra] NZ po Sy TNEnp Rs Gil Ta Lis FIGURE a. Surface of BaslnA vo A a FITRusTf Sx ergs Poam >=3 1 TrCeO rag or Ta a PNA, ee BION CRIN Uo oe he Vl 23 Rk AY x B{ AF a \ Ea UR FIGURE b. Surface of Basin B 3 _ 2 a 110122..00078 YEG`WASTE WATER !RECLAMATION TPN 9 1 A : SEN 0 rt a [2 i Es7\ he A 7 4) : FIGURE c. Surface of BaslnC TN Ae a Seg oi r LElS aA 4 Ao A SOaTE TER RI A SECA SR pA AOa N h eR Se TS FINAa SITNaGesS AT eRel ENA SE oCal ote TTR g LN NT 0y5e Cea Late FAR LN TNT Sard eTReEaNTS EAGAN FIGURE d. Surface of BasinD 101122..00079 88O0 "WWAASSTTEE W WAATTEERR RREECCLLAAIM~IAATTIIOOIN~ Phy NR rig re NT PEE ERES rt RE MR! RR FE QNL o 3X0 ETRAAA on <v a TC A Gee UR Ton SR FE -- Ry, ie Ta AR pe Eg FIGURE e. Surface of Basin A' AE oe TNT LP Wn B x Yer il 7d ogyl Te AFSEa eANIt SN OTnE) RER L AE Sie EY SRaed Wes frdey5 BRR RT LY EN EAR Br Se IN T%R =aELh =n ]HnTITLIR NGE p iHdES; RTPrAR CH A e oo FIGURE f. Surface of Basin B' 5 - 11001122..0000880 | W `WAASSTTEE W WAATTEERR RREECCLLAAM MAATTIIOONN 81 81 BABrSETT fe WE Na 7 ii, oe (oEnIR Ra Pe! 4 QO 7Fdord) 5 SENIeNh E fFro" C 5PINEA HO] a aa) FIGURE g. Surface of Basin C' | Ter ) T ross E v0 R w= T hEMT CE S RN i FSoesdam SA | Ke oii7 TE = i TF V 855-7 A, 2 rr 8 FIGURE h. Surface of Basin D' | 11001122..00008811 882 DEPTH, D~PTH, niches ininche$ 5O. 0 I0. WASTE WATER RECLAMATION W~'ABTE WATER RECLAMATION Basin BASIN ; .: A ErEey PaEeY [gSraeyr [RoyeSHores Porter Rarer pani sblar CI YP : gray gray // All ' |roy- // ane | [ prowl // gray / / // {prow Jen // tant || rant[/7/ orwt" yetion- 2 rom||| brows r'oalwlonw- 7 !15" i" v rows v ow] 2C allow i )town /, / 2~ // ; 7 // // 3O ER mW 0 p y tonty loamy sand cloyey crganic fine londy loom sand silotoym ciaty sTaonadmy loam Ioom~ sand zond clayey loom plot)' organic ~olaty fine ~ondy loom FIGURE i. Profil ketch of spring basin of clos of spreading study FIGURE 1. Profile sketch of spreading basins at close of spreading study tatahhwweeaaypypHHooffddetethchcerereedaadississeeppddllaaffccrreoeodmdmioonnnenesusu,t.trrM Maaelleiaitatsyysuurttrooeemmaaebbenoontuutttoof55f..55tt,,hheetthhsseeooeriiclelbbipvy/i1lIlleeniinndndiddiniinRccgaa, ttsseeuuddpppptthohoraartttt etteooxxpptteehhcceetteeffddoorraaeeffggttooeeiirrnngppgrroeoelxlxopopnlnlRaagn'neeaddatitiolloenena.ac.chhSSiinu;nigcgchhoorraannppeeiirrnntc~ccororleelaaaatstsiieeoonn.iinn sso()i~ll aacciiddiitty! iiss ttoo bhee conAAcsseniitnnrattthhieeonmmsaaiiinnn tbbhooeddsyyuroofffacttehhees ffiinnaall oil is irrneecppooonrrcttluttshhieeveddaa(ttTaaaboOl1n1e oorr~g'aanniicc 16). m maatttteerr concentrations in the surface soil is i~,'ont:lusivc (Table 1 22.. SSaammpplliinngg PPaannss TheSSisixxe These wsseaarmmepplpliainnnggs were pans ppaannss wweerree NNoo.. 2200,, 2211,, rreemmoovvee(dl 2222,, 2233,, 1144,, ffrroomm aanndd 22.. tthheeiirr TThhee ppo<s)istitiioonnss iinn tthhee ssooiill. ffiirrsstt ffoouurr ooff' tthhiiss g~r'roouupp hhaadd yyiieellddeedd iinntteerrmmiitttteenntt oorr nnoo ssaammpplleess dduurriinngg tthhee eennttiirree ssttuuddyy,, wwhhiillee ~ = 11001122..00008822 i WASTE WATER RECLAMATION 8 WASTE ~VATEI~ RECLAMATION 83 TABLE 13 TABLE 13 VARIATIONS OF EFFECTIVE SIZE AND UNIFORMITY COEFFICIENT OF FIRST FOOT VARIATIONS OF EFFECTIVE SIZE AND UNIFORMITY COEFFICIENT OF FIRST FOOT OF SOIL AT CLOSE OF SPREADING STUDY, LODI, CALIFORNIA OF SOIL AT CLOSE OF SPREADING STUDY, LODI, CALIFORNIA a e EErLran ehia assiB.iacoivencnnoi ocnoEvaiei oiEinenL ]]s e Depfa STto5o7iwwaio7l3osoc6hen o0ooESSSSx WS.6ooaoo0oosnooo0oon0ooans8noe2innosn07roo vf10oa"75WiaTar5orwuosi1oiha5tossam3st Basin Depth in inches 7-12 O-6 7-12 O-6 7-12 0-6 7-12 0-6 7-12 0-6 7-12 O-6 7-12 0-6 7-12 0.0020 0. 0027 0,0050 0. 0023 O. 0032 0.0035 0,0037 0. 0027 0.0025 0.0013 0.0019 0.001l 0,0017 0,0015 0.0011 O. 0022 45.7 60.4 48.0 44.3 9.1 34.9 51.1 50.7 67.6 70.8 94.7 109.1 85.3 I01.~ 136. 77.3 ff bE ce ae ore s ii * Effect'lye size el' ]!~zen. + Ey kin on ** Unifl~rmity coefficient of Hazcn. TABLE 14 i3 TABLE 14 FRACTIONS OF CLAY, SILT, AND SAND OF FIRST FOOT OF SOIL AT CLOSE OF FRACTION5 OF CLAY, 51LT, AND SAND OF FIRST FOOT OF SOIL AT CLOSE OF SPREADING STUDY, LODI, CCAALLIIFFOORRNNIIAA i SPREADING STUDY, LODI, Bin Depth inches| Persentclays| Pescnt ie|Percent snd" | Basin Depth in inches Percent clay~ Percent silt~ Percent sand ttc iOi-y6 aRi7-12 11s9 0 7 0 n29 5i27 20 a61 "64 fao72 O-6 rB ireur rent"7S0)7i7---'11u62s2 7955i4 58 21 30 61 i su 12 84 a & 31 61 Bn 7070 i: ?]: O-6 7-12 i A 0-6 onal ai7-12 22 0 n 5 9 27 64 2 kl 5 9 28 63 i HA on 12 36 52 ey 707-1-1622 io111330 5323090 io61 57 Pittston) | 08 i in 077-1-1622 2 10 5 5 0-6 a men dne e e 7-12 in1110 11 I0 28 o 28 28 61 27 62 25 65 Cl:('lay: Silt: Deo a pls os th 0.0020mmom at eo th 030m Del|ned l~s p;~rticles less lhan 0,002 aa tie ese tan 0.050 mt bt 1s thn 0 l)efim~d :~s particles greater t]nltl 0.002 Rim |)tit lesR |hIui 0.050 lllm. Sand: Defined as particles greater thau 0.050 mm but less thlm 2.0 ppaannss 1144 aanndd 22 sshhoowweedd eevviiddeennccee of of channeling channeling through through the the soil soil over: over- llaayyIiitnnggwattshheefmmo..und of Iat fweaars fion utnhde rtthuhbaatbtePPraatnnub22i00nghhaacddonffnaaciielletedidntgtootyyhieieellpddanlliiqtquouiidtdhessaasmmappmllpeelssinbbgeeccwaaeuulssele oITanfnbPoPaaauaaddttnndediaoit22trnii11eooinnnwwa,,antahttsdshheeessoreenccupepooba-apphrbrpapaaeeltetrreferddtuninnibiffpcprirhonppoelmglmsee choottohihnnngeenhtthesshbooeceieitllipptnwaaoogenvnveetehrnwwrlelaaaatssyyphiieaccnnnllpggoouggtioinggtt.ee.tddah.AA.nedhshatoohmrrieizpzsooloinnnitltgaalalwbgoe8avllpPe. aiittbohhuaadtd opnreevaenndteodnteh-ebaplelricnoclhaetsinhgiglhiqubiedtwfereonm tehneteprainngatnhde tphaen.soil above prevented the percolating ligqaupidsifmriolmar etnottehraintgfothuendpaovne. r Pan 21 PPaann 2222 hhaadd aa ssmmaalllleerr hhoorriizoonnttaall ggp similar to that found o~er pan 21. 11001122..00008833 8844 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION WASTE WATER RECLAMATION TABLE 15 BASE BASE EEXXCCAHHTAANCNLGGOEESECCOOOMMFPPLLSEEPXXREOOAFFDITSSNAUUBGLRREFFSAAT1CCU5EEDY,SSOOLIILOLSDSI,IINNCASSLPPIRRFEEOAARDDNIIINNAGG BBAASSIINNSS AT CLOSE OF SPREADING STUDY, LODI, CALIFORNIA Sampling sation |------ M Miillli-ceaqiuviP valaleennttT ss ppeerr T 110000 ggrrE aammss ooI ff ssonill a Me Na Sampling station Mg x Tot Na K Total alent om om 0.4 a 2.07 0.78 0.26 0.44 3.55 Bim) 012 010 03 2a 1.39 0.42 0.10 0.37 2.28 Guten Ifn 0m 0 01s 231 1.12 0.92 0.12 0.15 2.31 Pltonsseo thon) 128 om 0 0.54 a 2.61 0.66 0.69 0.54 4.50 rll 15 0 0a 00 su 1.83 0.57 0.36 0.36 3.11 Trees BE hy os 00 on we 2.15 0.84 0.62 0.51 4.12 Ohne) J 0m 0 0.0 sa 2.27 0,53 0.32 0.42 3.53 i Loe 0m 0a 0 05 { Average. 102 0.64 0.30 0.40 3.31 Average ........... 1.78 1.92 0.39 0,64 0.44 0.36 0.44 0.40 3.05 3.31 { Average before Average before { ps il 27 00s 0s 72 spreading* 2.7 0.65 0.53 7.7 i * See Tbe 5 1 bodyof rr, * See Table 5 in body of i TABLE 16 i `ORGANIC ORGANIC MATTER IN SURFACE TSAOBILLES OF MATTER SIPNRESAUDRIFNAGCESTSUODIYL,S 16 LOOOFFDISS,PPCRRAEELAAIDDFIIONNRGGNIBBAAA*SSIINNSS AATT CCLLOOSSEE OF SPREADING STUDY, LODI, CALIFORNIA* i Basin Depths| Depth in inches Percent | percent oe Percent N A Tia 120 on wy 0-6 Crh ed ois Qos he) 7-12 a os 5% 0-6 Oo amt 5 712 or oo io 7-12 107 00 24 0-6 Delishl 2 ih oo ino 7-12 o ia I) 0s 03 0-6 ek an 00 ji 7-12 3 0s 006 03 0-6 Bh em tA ia pn Os i 7-12 7 oo oo i 0-6 ed os 00s 0:1 7-12 7 Lox on 1s 0-6 Bhs fin 0 os oon 02 7-12 pe a wo 0-6 a2 0 os 7a 7-12 I. 2.(} 0.93 0.44 0.77 l .O7 1.I1 0.82 0.61 0.82 0.91 0.92 0.81 1.02 0.61 1.06 O. 63 0.ll 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 O. 06 0.06 0.11 0.08 Alamos en fe tv yng period. Helis ae geno ds wel ts. * All samples taken after a two-week dryiog period. RcsulLs are glvell on a dry \velght basis. 11".7 1 1.6 5.5 11.0 21.4 11.0 10.3 10.2 10.3 11.4 11.5 10. I 11.3 10.2 (,}~6 7.9 PPaan~ itDPhaanna 2233 hhaadd 11g44rawvweaalss aa oonnee--hhaallff iinncchh ssoolliiddllyy ppllaacceedd.. hhTToohhrreeiizzppooanantnntaallggrrggaaaavvppeell,oo, vvhheeoorrwweiittev..veerr,, wwaass ccoonnttiinnuuoouuss vein, 3 inches in diameter, which extended from the pan tfttwohohieetnnhbbeeaaaaassrriignnttrhhacceevoonebbnsalaststsvrriiuuenncicntsst,uiiuoror3fnnfaaciaacnenne.cdd.heTTaashcchicciissonouuggndnrrtitaaassvvmeffeololerrtvvetteerhhi,ieennwhhwwihiaggiacshhshcpcpooerrloxloiibbtffeoaaonrbbrmdllmyeydccffooooufurrnrnnotmtlmsseeddootbbhddtteuuaariirpniinnaenegdngr {frroonma tthhiiss ppaann aanndd aallssoo foor tthhe raappidd ffllooww--tthhrroouugghh oobbsseerrvveedd iinn tthhee ttrraacceerr - 11001122..00008844 `WASTE WATER RECLAMATION 8855 WASTE WATER RECLA.~IATION ssttuuddiieess,. TThhaatt iiss,, tthhee pprreesseennccee ooff a a pervious pervious channel channel led led surface surface water water {| ttgooraTTttvhhhheeeeelppccacaoohnnnandnwwdiniiitetttiilhhoo,nnaahmomooffwiinenPPviimaaemnnruu,m2m2a owowfcfaaosffsaiirllstssteiiemermriisiinllnaagagnrraadcctttootciihoottannhh.n.aanttelooffwaPPsaannob11s44e..rvIIenndss.tteeaadd of of a a graTvnealllchiansntnaenlc,eshotwheevfeari,luarecoofarasepasnantdo ocphearnanteelpwroapserolbysewravsedc.orrelated wwiitIthnh aaallmmienecschthaaannnicicecasallthddeiifffffaiicicluuulltrtyye oasfsaocpiaantetdo associated woiptehrattheepprloapceermlyenwtasofcotrhreelpaatends with the placement of the pans osotrratnththeieacctooenntsshtterruutcchtteiiooornnyooofff ttchhheeanbbanasesiilnniss.n.gTTohhfeefeoorbebdsseeorrnvvaapttaiiogonenss6oo7.ff Pans Pans 14 14 and and 2 2 subsub- stantiate the theory of channeling offered on page 67. 1. 1. A JAFrrnn\ooWlliddt,,erC,.Pr~13o.,,mH HeSededgwgeareg,r,e I1aI.n.SSdEEBELL.T.,EEhdCaaCunnTTsddEtErDDRiRaaalRRvwEEaWu,FFa,sEEAtARR.e.EEsNM MN,CiC.,,EELSS""RoRseeppAoonrgrttelUUepspooCnnouttnhhteey,RReeCccalllaufm moaratntiiioonnn, 52. oA LATTofpnnpnrd~edirvVilwli,K,aisktg.,11ce,99rl4RT4eFt09..s.r.o""GG.Cm, .o,uS"n"eRtIwyee,cac"lglaaem mSaaeantwtdiia,o,gInnendooafufnsdWW traiTatantlederuW rs.FFarsrWotoaemmsstiSeSneseLww2oa~2sgg:ec2A5naa0gn-n2edd0le5IIs,nnCdd1uuo9s5ust0tnrr.itiyaa,ll Wastes in California, Wastes in 33.. L""InpDodrrsueesssAteernnnigttaellEBeecsWooa(nns',ootmm meismi.cct"yaa,n"nTddeScTTheemwecicahchgnaneiliccaaaBnlulldl~S.ttIaanNttdouun.sss.oo4ff,~VW WSaaaasntttieeetsrrar2RRy2ee:cc2Ell8naa9gm m-ia2ant9eti5ieoo,rnni1n9FFg5rr0ooR.memseSSaeerwwcaahggeePraaonnjdd- 4 eIeVcncettdn,,tuleUs'nlnti,rivivaecNlr.rssW iHTt.yya,soto"efIfsnC,Cd"aualsTlitifferoocirrhannlniiiaacU,,aslM MeasBarrucocfhlhl,.,RNe11c99o5l5.1a1.4i. ,meSdanSietawraygeEnEgflinueeenrtisn,g" Research Proj- Sewage Works 4. 5. 5. Veaich, N. T., "Industrial Us(~s of Reclaimed Sewage Effluents," Sewage Works 3Wi.l2e0o3s1,1I,, 1V9.3,8."Agricultural Uses of Reclaimed Sewage Effuents" Sewage Works J. 20:3-11, 1948. 3. 20:21:85, TMS. ~Yilc,~x, L. ~r., "Agricultural Uses of Reclaimed Sewage Effluents," Sewage Works y 5. 6. 7. JFFO.exrecn2ee0im m:r2ada4nn-,S3, e5VV,w.e.l!r)M M4S8,.y,.s""tPPermreesl,lii"mmiSinneaaprtryyembRReeerpp,oor1rt9t49oo.nn O "Rxenpaorrdt SUewpoenr StyhseteCmolsl,"ectSieopnt,emTrbeear,tm1e94n9t. Cost of Recliming Water Cost of Reclaiming Water and Disposal of Industrial From From Wastes the the of 7. 8 O"OGRroriuaedmnpeggoyeer,tCCoUTotuu.pnuotF~ny.y,,,tCCh"aRealeliicCffloooarrlnmlneiaicaatt,,ii""oonnJJ,nuonnTfeereT53ar00te,,ma11te99en44d7t7..SaenwdagDei,s"poJs. alAmo.f Industrial Wastes of Water Works Assoc 8. 9. 9. G 2$ADA33mino:.ei~u22re(d2,0iter0icoy-c22an,a44nn0R0a,S,Sn.ood11cFc99iti.53e,eh1t1teyy". RTooreffrciCClgiaiavm vtiilialotEEnionngnDgiiinvnoiefeseeirTrossnr,,,eaJT"tooeSiidannlttvSCCaeogowmemamogm ifeti,ttS"teeeeew5a.oogffAe)ttmhh"e.eTW SSrtaanannitsiett.aarrrAyW ymEE.onnrgkSgiosincne.AeeesCrrsiiiovnncigg.l 10. ~0. DEtSSEtrntbnaigoiv)gtrnniirsesooes.i,n,.onP,nRR"1a1au0n0aPlPl7l7nrlpr:)1od1(hhc,0R6c.,7t5.aah,32nn(AA1-,dd1"mm0IP6.8rGG.h~r7aySiS7ar,gso,robilacc]e)1ct..e99rai4r4oC,Cl,2i2n.iv~Wv.iBViD .lla. siEEvFIin"ais.gs,,griors""os.nSfS.,eeSSwPw"eaeSaarppgagtaaleiervrcaaaRRlt[geeeeeecclNNSlooaaiof.m mz.eaSa88te7t7iAi,w,onoa1na1ng0l95ye5hb1s,yy1".i.sSSTpprrbraeeynaasdd.tiihnAneggmHBB.yaaSdssoriicnon.mCITentiofveililrl- 11. 11. 19, IM DSM)eataetyayhtn,h,ododaPd,r",ad"ulSSoM[~ieRiltl.,hSScoci"d.iP.s7h07y:0F3s:o3ir0c68a~-lt-5h37e7B44,a,Ese11isa99m350io0.nf. atPiaornticloef WSaizteerAuaanldysiSsewbayge,the9thHyBdiro,mNeetewr gE 12. 15, ,yM YMT~or~iaerurltnklkelh,d,enmatAAaairmnodnmnen,er,oMrif~iWcceVS,aat.thnnroLLedPP,.p,suutbaoablFcnnlioiddocccrcSSIHiIeeetchlliaaienilglgttm WmhEhaaaxtnAAnanesns~,sr,siooEuEacc,an..,,dtBIi11o9,9.S,n44e6w6"".Aa.oAg!eCC!W oo"mm apAtapemrar.aratJat.iniPvvdueebSSS.ettwuuHdadeyygaeloo,tffh9MMteh0el:diE2iaa5d6.,ff,oo1rrN95teth0whe.o 13. 1144.. 15. DSSFFWtitaicooxxtkua(uat,ettct,ii,mtooiaPPonn.n.n,,","RRo,.fSS8,,o.oS""iiAtA llArlel,tSSptceecitr.roiP.nnrcaaioSStnotcoiicccoc.ioi.npnliAAniieunmsmW .tt.o,hhfaeePPtreSrCCooorrcirc.yyal.snstM4~tdaai1:l1lcS77roo7eo7ffw,b, CCia11logl99laae33yoy,09"g..M yMA,iinmnBee.arrlJaat.llissPmuuaossrbe.aa:HRRWeeeisaslulutllhltit a$oomf0fs:pP2hah8ono6sds,1pph9Wha5ait0tlee. 15. ]166.. ~kKGGeiVoionntasstak,a,aa sasm11s,09,:~22I7nH7I,,,.O. xSBTt.h.d,,AnOgO.,issow~PnawrlfildDnd,co,inp~WsVl.e,.sJ7S.o,,efcLLSouuonddidwlwiM igPgr,i,ocgrHHo.r.besiFFos..l,,oRgaaeynnp,ddorBLLtay,yln"tniccmhhT,ou, srVVetii:ictctuW totoreriilialaoi,,afm""EAAsnllgggaitanenedeSSeWyyrmniilcn-- 1177.. bi(~sis in Allison, T, 2, "Effect of Microorganisms on Permeability of Soil Under Prolonged lRteesse(,aarrc('hh,, Oxidati(m UUnniivveerrssiittyy PoooffnCCdasal,liiffSoorerncnioiaan,,d SSePerrriioeegssreNNsoos.. 4R4,epIosrstu,"e 44, Issue NIen.st3i,tnDteeceomf bEerng3i1n,ee1r9i5n1g. No. 3, December 31, 1951, Submersence'" Sof Sci. 3:199, 1047. Allison, 1~. E., "Effect of Microorganisms on Permeability of Soil Under Prolonged 1188.. 1]09.. SBNBNBauraeevoly~)eclmeltr,ro,(,7J'n.r.L.Lg."c.IH~I,ID.M,c),,i.(,'""s,"Ts,TS~oohh'Soiueeil,rl*iiPElEl'hhffASyffyfcsc,re~c.iit.liccs6sooE,3,ffx:p224SStd03.llo9oEFp,pSldeet1.,a,9.aa4nNnN7ddRee.ewwsRR.aaYYiionBnofrurflakkall::l.ll W WCihillaeeryyacaatuneddrisSStooinncsss,, 250, 1957. Characteristics o11n0944R58.u. noff on Runoff and and Sof3t Soft 2200.. etn, Organic Matter, and Drying on E,.~si~uh" Mi~s~*uri Agr. Expt. Sta. Reitemeier, R. F, Christiansen, J. ER,es.MoBourell,. R(,i~emcicr, R. F., Chri~liansen, J. E., Moore, the Infiltration of a 2R8.0,E.1,93a7n.d Aldrich, R. E., and Aldrich, WS.odWi.u,m W. W., Water "Effect "Effect of Gypsum, Innttoo aa FFiinnee (SS)aarngaddaynyicLL~oM)aaman,t]t,""er,UU..an8S.d. DDIe)erpyptti..ngAAggror.n. TTtheecechh.I.nBfBiuulltllr.la. tiNNooon.. o9f37a, 937, JSaonduiaurmy,W1a4t8e.r January, 1948. 11001122..00008855 1 | 8866. `WWAASSTTEE WWAATTEERR RREEC CLLA AMMAATTIIO ONN | 21. STipsrse,adBiv.eS,SiJdorh,nson, . 1, and Schiff, Leonard, "Report on Conperative Water Bliss~ I% S., Johnson, C. E., und Schiff, I,oonar(!, "It.eptn'i on Coop(~rative Water | Conservation NorsWei,th Empisic on Tiborators Phsens U.S. Dept. pry so Spreading Study, ~Vith Emphasis ()n Lab()ratory I'lm~es," 17. S. l)cl)t. Agr., Soil 1050, (Unpubisht) Conservation Service, 1950. (Unpublished.) of Different Meio | 22. 22. Woodruff, ~V(~o(lruff, CC.. 5M.[.,, "V,aarrimathionl s8 Iinn tthhee SStt~attoe :a~nndd SSttaabbiilliittyy ooff AAggggrreegga~ttiioonn aass aa RReessuulltt af Croppia,' Soll Sei Soe. Amv Brot JA 18, 1090. of 1)iffercnt Metlmds of Cropping,'~ Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Proc. ~:13-18, 1939. 25. MoneCiWlaltae,r.Pe.rc,ola"tTihoen Influence of Microorganisms ind Some Organic 23. McCalla, T. M., "The Iniluence of Microorg:~nisms ~nd Some ()rganie Prac, 10347517, 1045 Themush a Taser of Penton Loos: So Rei. SuSobestahnocress ou Water I'erc(dation Through ~ L:~y(w of Peorim~ Lovss," Soil Sci. So(.. Am., Proc. 10:175-179, 1945. 24. FhierePmearn,msMilton aa n aTsodeman, G 1. "The Bet of Saline Tnigation Water Upon 24. Firenmih Milton, and Bodman, G.B.. Th( L~ff ct ()f S: h"ne l~'rig:~ti()n ~Vat(,r Vpon Status of Sol" Sui Sei. Soe Amv: Free F557, So. the Permeability and Base Stratus (ff Soil~," Soil Sci. Soc Am., Proc. ~:71-77, 1939. 25. AFitvotmaen, byM.ittthoen, PaenrdcenMtaaggiestad, 0. C., "Permenbilits of Five Westorn Soils ae 25. Fireman, Milt~)~, ~nd 5Iagisu~d, O. C., "I'ermeability of Five ~Vest(,rn Soils { Geophys. Cnn 26031, of Sodium in the. Triton. Water ene Aon Affected by the Percentage ~)f S(*(liuln in the Irrig;Hion W~h,r," Trans. Am. 145 G(~ l) ~'s. Union ol~.()~.q~ 1945. 26. PSeiilesT,IAS. ,F. "Factors Influencing Tnfltration Rates Tato Yolo Lorm," Soft 26. Pillsbury, A. F., "Facl~n's Influencing Infillr~tion Rates Into Yolo Loam," Soil 047 Sci. 6~:]71-181, 1947. 27. H2u5b0er6tyS,40,M.04I,, "Compaction in Cultivated Soll" Trans. Am, Geophys, Union 27. Huberty, M.R., ( ( mpac~m' n in Cultivated Soils," Truns. Am. (l('()l)hys. Union ,.o.8.16-8,),), 1944. | 25. fHoubreartC,itMro.geIa.ph"Soil Management in Relation to Water Penetration," The 28. Ihd e 'ty, M. R., "Soil Mm~agement in Reh~ti(~n to Water Penetrali~n," Thc Cali- 20-175 175, 1044. Cali fornb~ Cilrograph 29:178-179, 1944. { terials U.S. Geologic i 2209.. W Wecnnzzeell,, LL.KK,., ""M Meetthhooddss ffoorr DDectte~r'rmmiinniinngg 1Pe)errmmea(~baibliiltityy ooff W Waatte~rw.-IB~eea~rcilnngg M Maa-- i prc Surves, Water Rogol open oo, 101% 1 terials," U. S. Geologic Survoy, Water Supply Paper SS7, 1942. 8300.. SSccooffiieelhdl,, CC.. 8S,., ""TThhee SSaalliinniittyy ooff Ihr'rriiggaattiioonn W Wataeterrss,,"" SSmmiitthhssoonniima~n RReopl)o~rwtt 227755.-228877,, 1935-1936. | 81. HNaelwe,YoF.rk:2. "The Use of Copper Sulfite fn Contra of Microscopic 81. Hale, F. E., "The Use of Col)l)er Sulfme in C(*nh'ol of Mi('roscopic ()r~amsms Phelps Doise Rehming Corn. 1048 Organi, New York: Phelps Dodge Refining (:orp., 1948. ' 2 TFiirnsgterQu,aIr.teFrilyanRedpeorlton, W. R., "Th Role of Tuscts in Sewrge Disposal Teds 32. Using(w, R. L., and Kellen, ~V. R., "The Role ()f Insects in Sewag(, l)isp~)sal Beds," to the National stitutes of Henly C575, First Q( ~ rt~rly Report to the Natioual Institutes ()f IIe~lth G-3372. 5. AMmaenr,ic0a0n BPuyblNicewHeoarltkh, A1s9s5o0c;iation, The Contral of CommunicableThDoisseases in 33. Americon Public Health Ass(*ci~tion, Tim ('o~D'ol of (:ommun;cuble Disc~.*('s ~n ]/r~, 7th Ed., New York, 1950. { 24. TLiteinien ,Man."15C,ualnfdorLnoinvgsshore, W. A. "Western Bauine and St. Tous 34. Learnt, the, E. It., aud Longshore, W. A., "~Vestevn I']quine and St. Loois l~nccpha- Hesich 6:45758, Ootoer 1a, 1031 Encenla- lilis in Man," California's Health 9:49-53, October 15, 1~)51. { 25. RSeuwdaoglef,, aWnod. SFlaluki,sL,u ain,d aonnd Ragotakie, i, "Literature Review on the Occur. i 35. Rudolfs, W., Falk, L. L., and I~agotzkie, R. A., "'Literature Revi(,w (m ~ho ()ccur- rreennccee aanndd SSuurrvviivvaull ooff EEnntteerriicc,, PPa~tthhoogg(eqnfii(c. amn~dd lR{eelIaatt(~edd O()rrggm an~iissmmss iinn SSo(~ilil,, ~WaVtoelerr,, i and Tus. Vegetation I. Bucterat ani Vos Se~w~ge, and SlUdges, and on Vegetalion I. I~a('((n'ial and Vh'os ~)is(,nscs," S('wuge Wastes 2314W1a7s,tes 2232261, 1950. "11. Auiosal Bassaitons SeDwiaogneneai"d Sead and Indus. ~Vast~,~ 22:12(11, 1950. "II. AllimaI l'~rasih.s," Sewog~, aml Indus. 1950, bp Wastes 22:1417, 1950. i: 36. GKurdoowlfns,inWE,iFnalek, I. L, and Ragotukie, B. A. "Contamination of Vegetables 36. Ru(h~lfs, ~V., Falk, L. L., and Rag()tzki(,, R. A.. "(~ontaminalion ~)f Ve~elubles i S33 1000, S61 V1. Ayplication of Kens: Sense sd (lr()wn in P[dloted S~fil VI. Applica(i(m ~f Results," S('wag(, and [n(lus. Wastes 1001 Loon Sones 23:992-1(}00, 1951. |: 95. WthaeloRemsaunl,tan.t %Mo,diafnidcatWiooonleuf, . B., "Survival of Tincterin Added 0 37. W~d;sman, ~. A., ~nd Woodruff, II. I~., "Survivol of l{m'(cria A(lded t(* ~il and of the Sol Popiations Soi Sep 505991. Sol and the Resultant Moditleation ()f thv Soil l'~q)ula(ion," S(fil Sci. 50:421, 1940. i 98. MVaarlilomuasn, W. I, and Litas, W.. "Sursival of Selected Faterie Tot 38. 51allmann, ~V. L., ~md Litsky, ~V., "Survival of S~,h,cted Enteric ()rgonisms in + Ties of Sal," Xm. J, Dub, Hesnt Jhon sons Organisms in Vari()us Tyl)es of Soil," Am. J. Pub. tIealth .~ h3S-44, 1!t5l. ! 80. Ccoaulnutwearye,d W. T, Carrol, W. I, and Lon, . K., "Hoterotrohie 39. Calaway, ~V. T., Carroll, ~V. R., mid Long, S. K., "Ihq(woirophi(. I{~wteria Siz 3,in10L5n3ermitient Sand Filtration of Seng" Sewage Bacteria Bn couutored in lnlermittent Sond Filtration ~,f S(,w~g~,," Sewage ;~ml Imlus. Wastes moi Tope. nbn 2~:642-653, 1952. { 40. ASlelwean,ge1.WAa.yBrooonkst,heieNeounm,bearnsd Wiliams, Tree, "Tiff of Treatment at (he 40. Allen, L. A., Brooks, Eileen, and ]Villiams, Ir~,ne, "]']ff('(~I of Trcohn(,nt at Ihe Jr, ii. and Tones of actors in. mene Sewage Works on the Numbe~ and T~.los of Bacteria in S('wage," .l. IIvg. 1 ~7::{(13-319, 1949. " 41. BLyos"hMetHheMmi,eloRboisennefmeilad', AT Huston, T, Shipman, 1, t and Woodward, 41. Bosch, H. ~i., Rosentiel(l, A. B., Hust)n, R., Shil)man, II. R., and W-odwm'd, F. Kon 12301570, and Sinnesats Well Water 3. F. L., "Melh('mogh)binomia and Miln~esota Well ~Vah, rs," .l. Am. WoIcr W,rks 950, Am Wares Works Assoc. k2:!61-170, 1950. 42. MWaateerr,oKK.he Oc"cRuerproerntceonofthMeetRheelmatoigohnoboifnNeimtirnate Nitrogen Concentration fn Well 42. Maxcy, K. F., "Rel)(n't on the R(qati()n ~,f Nitrah, Nilr,gen C~)nceutr~ti~n in Well lls in Thanos" WaIec tu the Occurrence of Meth(qnogh)bin(,mia in lnt'anis," National l{os. Council San. Kange. and Environment S01 35 Ampenin Noon Hes Chosen lhdl.: San. Engr. and Environmcnl 264-273, Appendix l} 1-]0, 1950. 48. Keele, C. 13, Sewage Treatment Works, New Yorks Sl1eC1ranto1, 43. Keefer, C. E.,Sewage-Treatment Works, New Y(wk: Mc(lraw-IIill, #4. SKraonme,poRaSyoilBySoTluidtwoinss, I. F, and Thomas, 4. K., "Pero Tube.140. 44. Krone, l{~y B., Ludwig, tt. F., and Tlmmas, J. F., "Porous Tub~, I)evi(.e for pit During Water Spreading Operations" Soi SeTr.eciJcoeisftosr Sampling Soil Solutions During ~Vatcr-Sl)vca(ling Operations," Soil Sci. 73:211- 219, 1952. 11001122..00008866 Bc ~WVAASSTTEE W WAATTEEIR~ RECLAMATION RECLAMATION 87 87 APPPPEENNDDIIX AA ah corer | posture | strate [rmpectassfe DD'eep~tth ' In feet oO~ 23 [froLimgne, veo fornpe son ffinoems mfpuo fpooteneete 1 ~ Color Brgwn Texture Structure Compactnees ~z~eab~li~ fil~oa~anmamdy crumb light m~derate Light browu loamy sand ,siugle grain lllgh moderate \ 65 ~ oa YS~ 9 Y~ bro~ ~silt,y saud sidle ~in ~ght vY e11~00l tr~ am [ccoo~arssee ssaannda fsoiinnggllee g~ ain |liHgehntt Hat Light yel- [coarse sand[singlegrenfuight crate xceelllleeaatt xoellent 12 Fa Light gray [coarse send singglm e[Light sxoellent frend 3so] [mu vreau amare ume ret 1 J ~ ~ wos br~ clayey os frst saudl~sszv= foterete / ro I . env browfstaty sea fpicere on |uncompacted [good 57Bu ony ive foompret Ye ~0~ ~ ~ fog Seton' | FPIIGGUURREE 3388.. PPrrooffiillee ssk'keettcchh,, ddeettaailil,, SSaammplpilinngg i Station 1 11001122..00008877 88 W`WAASSTTEE WWAATTEERR RREECCLLAAM MAATTIIOONN Sen Depth Ro o in feet water Color | zexture Texture | structure. |Ccoommppaaccttnoensnss rrmetise] Structure | peLight brro~mna founty ow foram 3andy loam sant. crumb light cterate 2 po ony oefetogtegminfutgnt faoterete 3 Brown loa~ sand single light moderate " 5 iLiegnhet btrroowmnfionsy loa~v ssanmd fostiongglteegga~iInn ligne light footerate 5-- 56-- a ~ yellow cclraeyeyy ssamnmdfumsstve fcomctan froor | " massive :ompacted ,oor {| | 57-- 8-- 5 et veer course coarse ssaonndaesagogmt compacted [rate !single grain compacted fair 9-- ii 2 iz ak ee[soemcom tng grata oderate [ooterace Light gray single g~ain moderate iii brc~n 2 3 srroemiyen |courosoust[assisgut |anterate ruse 13-- Brownish gray coarsesand single grin moderate fair { ni~_ 3 ret rom Red brown cone sun[otzetegrain sme sand single grain light [encortent excellent 1 w17- ettorton |osnty toms frmy loam anterate [poor lu~py )oor 2 =20 FIGURE 39. rofl sketch, deal,Sampling Staton A1 FIGURE 39. Profile sketch, detail, Sampling Stallon A'-I a 11001122..00008888 er I W WAASSTTEE W WAATTEERR IR~EECCLLAAIMVA[ATTIIOONN 8899 grDepth oeYm feet : | .O EET Color Texture Structure Compactness l~meabi lityj agorw ostpscote fra ae [tere Light gray fine sandy crumb brown loam light moderate | E ;:: |or svne fo9na41 rmmm oae lose | 2 Light brown flue sandy crumb loan~ crumb light light moderate m~lerate ; Ln i?7~ i;:TT opnomepmbfoilnich ren |1= ii :12-- ~llow red clayey sand ~ssive bbrroowwnn moderate Ipoor single g~in ~ight lumpy ~ompacted :air i313-- ~rownish Bgrraayy single grain light ~xcellent 15 z0:18~ ::20-- Red brown sandy clay lumpy moderatc FIGURE 40. Profile sketch, detail, Sampling Station A'-2 | I | 11001122..00008899 % WASTE WAT mackaseamios 90 WASTE WATER RECLA~/[ATION B = TColor fe 3 LLiegthst grreayy brown a=Tfd = Textu~-e Structure Compactness feJeune fine ssaonmdayy form c rumb lJuiagghnte fmooodseerraattee loam 3; [Brown fiinnee ssaeunddyy fcorurmubm 11ant [rmooadeerraattee light . loam .5, Yellowish | . wmbro~a clayey fine crumb S and light ~oderate i nn Reddish Ji i 10 brown sing~mgraiz very com- noderate pacted [22% omlconrse a0 tng grata erycon foterate | coarse sa~d sing~grain very com- noderate pacted pin fersvsss bing rcen rs cn -- 3. Yellowish Sberoowwn coarse san~ sing~ grain ell com- noderate . nr With gray ppaecctteedd | streak~ sa Stee sing~graiu ~oderate ~oderate za tres sthsy Ls | ~ellow brown xi fo =layey Sand lumpy ~oderate OURE 41. PPrrooffillee sskkeettcchh,, ddoettaail,, SSaammpplliinngg SSttaattiioonn BB'' | 1100122..00090 WASTE WATER RECLAMATIONx WASTE wATER RECLA:h[ATION 9911 oDeepptthh feet : 3 p5 56 ~ Tren 7~ 8 ' Color Texture nr ,ight gray browu |e fiue saudy loam in e110wtown| sss~anddyy Jlooeasm grading oilo to loa~Y rows| casmapnydsc e3!z~ broWn c layey Thon jraayyitsshh yyee1l{- ccllaayveeyysmaa~li ~r low brown Structure crumb [cezraem=~b [27 c loddy cclooaddty u pe (ee Rpeodsdtiisshn | brewU cooe~sme s and oe single grsin Compactness : se ight we luigght pmoosdeesr:ate [15 o~todeerrs~ttee ifair a |~o=derate fair ccOommpeaectteedd pof~ir 3 35u% cote [some 22 wa single drfsir moderate = oi i ,rownish red coarse sand grain 3 HOURE 42, rae hac deel S77 og Sten sketch, detail, Sampling Station C' FIGURE 42. Profile 11001122..00009911 9922 `WWAASSTTEE WWAATTEERR RREECCLLAAM MAATTIIOONN =Depth TH rts [mer fr] ~n ~t "0 | .>.;.. rigorteroer[fo[enbtpyoesoersuy)n o[orrss ffiuee Lforreetes i-- Color Textttrm Structure 'Compactness Perm~abil!l Light gray fine samdy crumb brown loam light moderate sandy loam cr~nb g~ad~ ~ loam~ s~d light 1 L: livbrown.|coarse snd[singlegram l[1i1gghhtt ~xxcceelllleenntt ||| 5i0~ i u || := en om conse salto gos Jigen Light coarse sand light ~xcellent 5xw scrwom [o=y ton [eager frootons 18-- Light brg~n l~ght o'xcelleut w5o FIGURE 3. rts kth,dea Soin Staton' FIGURE 43. Profile sketch, detail, Sampling Station D' 11001122..00009922 I Ne WASTE WATER RECLAMATION WASTE WATER RECLAI~IATION i 2% 93 i y q 3 a @ 5z % \ gHe AE 1 # I | NH gd EZ A z I } 5w 23 o | : i % pil | || | | g 8 8 0 0 ~o ~1" Y~33NINIIJ-I L1NN330O~133dd \ 28 1 2523 :~1 11001122..00009933 94 ~WVAASSTTEE W WAATTEEIR~ EREECCLLA AM)IAATTIIOON N NN : | \ 3 a 53 | =\ X 2 2Z @ 3 2 A" i i Bh g $f i % 7 Eg ' | go i NA g3 i a4 | > { y Sis i | 3 I Ek 83 18 +8 +g "3 130 Y3INIJ LNION3Id "L 11001122..00009944 | i `WWAASSTTEE WWAATTEERR RREECCLLAAM MAATTIIOONN 995 8 E RON ONES 70 z& % Nd i = x4 od2 bi zl ges IR a2 oa ,& 3 \ g 3 8 2 + L 5 Y~I3":INNIIJ~I 1INN330O~133cdI 5 83 11001122..00009955 9966 W `WAASSTTEE W WAATTEERR RREECCLLAA~MCAIATTIIOONN 1| Z z a2 | gz | Fe 0 C) YING INToNzg 00 10122..000096 as WAT REATOY 9977 WASTE wATEI~ RECLA]VIATION <! 3 3 b i ; gg in Wfi 3 \ \ |WeEe d% | z3 i |2 | Es . 31 |f Fy 3 70 wang iN3o3d ER 11001122..00009977 9 WASTE WATER RECTAATION 98 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION z i| \ \ } EEepe Yrs hell! z zi3 L1Ba',4eite 31 \ 8 8 T 3 5 L 18 LELTF] IN3O3d" i 11001122..00009988 [1]99 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION VgASTE wATER RECLAh'~ATION w2i D! ]8 0.4.8.2 4 : LE ~39.7 ] ' :I ns 53. 0; iue :312. ou 3 x317-_ 3340o.. u Preermmeeaabbtialiittyy IInn TetFeet oxper 0DaY sncping station* Sampling Station 4; ((= spsoting ospreading bin) bssin) pa 55 we3. 115.99 48.2 59.5 19.8 16 22 17.6 28.3 7.7 23 as21.3 1315.3 Br To 9139.7 20.7 a 113. 82.2 0 a 3 19.8 76~ 5 22h. %9 J 36.9 py20.7 - J85.0 5.lO5. %936.9 7s 2a as 79.3 22.1 0 1s42.5 0810.8 12 2593.~ ES a~78.. is~e2. 17.6 oy tote: 2ontng tations In ns ni Note: s~,upling stations lu Basin A' | eratinbog of dirbed 15 FFIIGGUURREE 5500.. profi Profile skach sketch sshhoowwiinngg parmeebi permeability of L el disturoe~ ~oil - Samples in four spreading basins 11001122..00009999 {| 100 WWAASSTTEE W WAATTEERR RREECCLLAAM MAATTIIOONN 100 AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX BB OOUUTTLLIINNEE OOFF MMEETTHHOODDSS OOFF AANNAALLYYSSIISS BBaacctteerriioollooggiiccaall MMeetthhooddss liq11.u.idSSttsaaannmddpaalrreddw33e77reddeepggrrreeepeeassreCC.d.,AAngguaatrrriPPelnlaattteeagCCaorouunptno.t.ur SSpeleraritiaaelsl ddwiiellruuettiiomonnassdooeff the athnde liiQinnqucceuuubibbdeaacttseeaCddmolpaaotlten33yw77 CeddoreeeuggnrprteereeeersspaaCCr.n.eddffo,orrrnep44uo88trrithheoeonudurtrsas.as.g"CCacoroolllpooononniuiieeressspwwlpeaeertrreeesmcclwoo.uue"nrnetteemdd auudsseiinnaggnda QEauRR,eeefbf1eee0rrce4en0ncCce:eo:lo""nSSyttaaCnnddoaaurrddntMeMreettahhnoodddss rffeooprr otthrhteeedEExxaaasmmi"inncaatotiilooonnniooeffs W Wpaeatrteerrmaalnn.dd" SSeewwaaggee,,"" 99th Ed., 1,'}46. | tables in Standard Methods, an 5-122.0. mTTelesstptoffrootrrioFFneesc,caal1l-SS1ttrrmeelppttopococoroctcciico.in. anSSdttaan1n0dd.aa1rrddmplpoorprttoiirootninsosnoo,ff wtthehreeessaaimmnpoplcleue,l,aiit.%e+d, 5iinn-1tto0o aamzzliiddpeeoddrteeixoxtntrrsoo,ssee1-1bbrrmoottlhhpaaonnrtddioiinnnccauunbbdaatte1ed-d0.a1att m3377l pddoeerggtrrieeoeenss, CCw..erffeoorrin44o88cuhhoolauutrreSs~. TTfohhree fpperrceeassleesnntccreeepootfofcttoucucrribb,iiddiiCttoyynfaainnrddm//aootrriossneeddciimomneesnintsttwwedaassofccoomnnasskiiddieenrrgeeddappmrrieecssruuommspcptotiipvvieec feoxramfiencaatl isotnreopftotchoecsceit.tlCedonmafitremriaatilonancdotnhseisdteedmoonsf tmraatkiionngoaf tmheicprorescsoenpcice eonofxfuamGGmbrreiaanrmmsatoifpopoonsssitoitrtfiievtvpheeteoscsstotercretcetpilptetowdocecomroeccaocltiebriinintalGGaarrnaiabdmmnythusseettsrriddaaneiignmneetoddhenssstmmreaeatmraoissotrps.n.rooMMbfoasotbths.lteepppnrrroeuosbbmeabanbebclrleee' numbers of streptococci were obtained by using the most probable number | tabRelefserienncSe:tanMadlalrmdanMn,eWth.odLs.and Seligman, B, B., "A Comparative Study of Media foforrtRthehefeerDeentceect: iM onoalfhSntarnenp,0toWco. cLc.i Wainnd aSWteaertliegrmaananndd,SEeSw.eaBwga.eg,,e"",A" ACmo.m Am, Jl.mPruaubbtliilvciec SHteuadHeallthythof4M 0 e40d:2i6a" for the Detection of Streptococci in Water and Sewage," Am. 3". Public Health ]~0:286- 289, 1950. por33.t.iCoConsol,liiff1oo-rr1mmmlTTeespsto.t.rtiSSotntasanndadanardrdd1.pp0.oo1rrttiimoolnnsspooorfftiotthnhsee, sswaaemmrppelleei,,noiic..eue.l.,at55e--d1100inmmtlol lplaaoccrtttooisoseensbb,rroo1tt-h1h aamnnlddpiionnrcctuiuobbnaastteeddanaadtt 31377-0.dd1eeggmrreeleesspoCCr.t.ioffonorrs,4488wehhrooeuurrsisn,.ocTTuuulbbaeetsesdsshhioonWwto"- ilinin~agntggaagssrewweeenrreebicclooennssbiirddoeetrrheeddfopproossicittoiin~vf:eeirmpparrteeissouunmm,ppttSiievvewesas gaaennddsattmrrpaalnnesssffeerrwrreeerdde ttoo bbrriill-- appro: lppHirpraiiunaaatttbeeegllryyrseweddeniilrluubettieeloeddbtbbbareeioffntooehrrdee ffoiirnrnooomcccuoumlnlaaofttisiriotmonnaptriiioonnbuttaoo.blSlleaaeccwmttouoassgmeeebebbsrrraoomttthbap,b.lleesMMsoowsisntet rSepptrraoaonpbbdpaarabb_rlloeed- numbers were obtained from most probable number tables in Standard lVRleeftheroednsc.e: Reference: "Standard "Standard Methods Methods for for ttbhee EExxaammiinnaattiioonn ooff W Waatteerr aanndd SSeewwaaggee!."" CChheemmicicaall MMeetthhooddss tio11n... wAAhmmemnomntoihnaei-acn-onintictreroontggreeannt..ionAAmwmmamsoonlneisiasatwwhaaassndd8eepttepermrm.miinnCeeoddmpbbayyrddiisirroeenccstt nonfeesssssallemerpirzliaez.sa" i i twBwBieeoeernccreekkwmmmmhaaaeanndndeetMMilowweoididctetehohllnsscDDtteaUaUnnntddrssaaapptrrieeddoccnttssrroowoollppauuhhsttoioiloteotnoonsmsssmettaaehtettaernaar.. 8wwW Wapahvpvheemeelrlre.eeennCgtgotththhhmeepooaccffrooi4n4ns1c1oce00nennstmmtrory~afattsuiuiaososmniinnnpggeleX&as i | cceeeeddeedd which a 8 ppppmm tthhee phosphate aammmmoonniiaa buffer h awwdaasbsededinissttaiilldlldeeeddd.ooffffThffreroomdmistaail22l00e00d ammmllmaaollniiqiquauoottWat&o05 | wcsStahhauaa incgrdhhdatrasd]unp~ihaufolusafspruashirtuiuaccatreataactcebeiiddddufssfsseoooolrllluuuuthtttiiaiioooodnnnn.. bMMooeeffeetnbbthhooyayrrldiliccdooerraaddacc.nniidggdTeehaae--nnxxddvdylliebsbentanaieeccllkkecedvyttaaiitnantromroalaltmeeteedowdwnaawiwssaiit~tuwhshseeadd&s as Rtehfeere]nnced:iea"tSotra.ndard Methods for the E" xamination of Water. and Sewage" iR22.e. bo~NNrieitntsrrciiehtt:eee-n"npSiirtttaorrnoocdgegaedernudn.r.eMoew~TtTihhhoseedsusssefttoda.ranntdSdhlaaaearrrmddEdpxlaessmuusllifnfwaaaentnriioilelniiicccoofsaamcW cpiiaddar-t-(aae,rdnnawnaaidppthhhSttehhswaatl~laJaagnamemdm'i''aiin~rnsed] eolorimetric procedure ~ as used. Samples were compared with standa~C~ soltuuttiioonns ~ne inin aa"StsapnedaertdroMpsepbetcohtrotoodphmsotoefmoteetrerrthaaett Eaaxawmwiaanv,avetelileoennnggtotfhh Wooaffte55r'3355anmmd i~S.ewage." Reference: 'Standard M~thod~ for the Examination of Water and Sew 11001122..00110000 BE I nr ent i nd determined by 2 S25, unis SE110011 4 Ni wvaassa WsWATER , ni:trogen, 1STE RECLAMATION ti of the samplleeuswwpeeernreesia.oandd.dodeefdd tl~ia~ysi@,glN.aei?vtu:~.r~hiart,t,re~~etaeet,,e-~nhyiytdrda oergoegn.e. nasTSpoeeTrhvooaaa-xpp1+o1h00 d0reeanotm.lealdd ~ptt}o~rd~mt trily~;noFseffssiasald~aahnnp;ddmeagrn~dccedoe~no2znatl~~tiel.]s~d]STpoheferdmrisaetsniieldlnuhetde JVew+,2aa.t~ls,ee~yrr,~'oA:A.~l~eenonaa2reeexxI wsmvccoieeatp+lshsu~sLt2i0Doommnl~lewoo.+affs22~,e.N4v4_ta,TOpphhA oeHernoaos~loiy lm.lu~umSi+tUieo,a+n"wU:a~woa"s.s;:sae_aa~taodea$-cjj~Ud2iusdfds:+lo,etel~oeddu"~dt~iuu:ot0~non,tsso010ii00+nn mvl, mat a sa:+pneddctttrhoe" La b~~i, twesatse|rcaoc2otmsmappawawrareaevdvdi.ellaaaen~gntgaagthiithnhssstLoffso4totra2"hn0heeam=aE~Erxxaa.am mi"nni'~att-r-ia~on- lit :M ooff Wat an Water and -S~ew-a~ree"" WwiIth . llowed BY ~Wle4~4lO"~tetSs~l~laee(len:mF"o~adtiafiinn"ocdnatntiirooodfnnss.M .v ethods s for t) he gEexanmmbemhytahoto.d.do..naootofffiddWoiiaggnteesestrwtiiaoo2snn8s,vffSeooel,wloawgee"d LffSeoh.ruat hl entBY i ~etermination of 2h a "''terence: "Standard aMmemthoodnsiafo-nr itthreogtEexhnaemoiynsaa~ umoptel' et,~fheaWnsattarecraitdainefdpdiue~Wrdphlteosat1a5Pnd1H p oaflMi~'lr ~~Y, ~i ~etrd h3uc~miele unteintnd reiaittaresic t((aFhaacebibidoop.niuntTtidhi00e: .50e5h1o)}O r.?.i~NdT%ehf~ser~,owmtSametrnacednoodallaoorrrrddelse,~MM.O~ob,n_Xt_~`mee,htAhononaddalyWt.ia8c5! iFo ~ yaM glhp~g~%aain ~,rYcse,e.netdee.s~a:~isr:bspao~ClzlluzoaaCrolrrkonunkerkekn,ee,, FBaTs..LthBiie, o,ihnDddDiiccaaettood rra.eti:o~n"m~odoif-foia~clapotrrieiotdnee V. E., Dete~u~. , _odiflcatwns" e 8 WH. ,, WS sed. in Water, The scl Yna5rga.Pf,yftrt,yilo~ooss2pnP:hh5as5ts~e..555,T1h9E e50 wii th a unpucbohlsonreiamienteruriscitnhmgaent2hSroeCddlhu2octiinognHtTCeLap g`eSnatmpn PleIs. hNwe~r,~3~ac- ~ou0amytp~dR6a?in9rsse0oodflwvwtiiihntti~hsh tSmirnetmn hoetdas lcisononlsHHuitCsCitIeoIdnrsa~ tehr tehcatnrsonpel? x~ter a* sewage." of the sample aed 10100 p oe om leH~~n:O~,.erFo~~_acP6e:9r0"eSmdtam~ni. ndtdaharrddstMMaetn. ehtdhoodadsrsds ffsfo. oorrlttthhee EEx. xaammimnaat~i:'oonn ut 1 oooffnWWcaeatnteetrrara~ntddedSe0wa1get' in03820)0 | Bwe1oiydf;t ng a ati el,oait d watear) aSo "340g excess NoafCll,ia20B1a%Cl9z`m3i0nuetesh:Th(aebayoeuswulteing actly toTe : latl%~nR~.g~,ote~t..?fde~d2Sw9ai0avn,s`ldommrettheahAaeessuaussroaereleuudddttiiijombmonmn~eemasdttediiidrarrmwrete~died.lf.Yyfroi_rhi~neone~mdaxagas~,r'cdgStrsOurFlapftphegi-~,~n'r~ieties2Toms gedo,rnmiantt.ed, J. F T B4enEeau) P~.i~o~e.: Unpublished method, J. F. Who 1 Calecium, -' university of California. . troph~ot~ovnsoitsfu"sAcinlsdgtiaintd"y a~aNai~q..e~t~tcataiuehmimi.deCnaCt lathoelcdiab umBecwbkyamssaetntMiMnogodqel~litmiD.t~sUffCYElraoOemw%e '00anttoqdc5ou0_m~pPnaParreedd with w~ the | M~atnaag~rm~dyu". SSaammpplleess hA~')f~etr,le'~nceCsupryvlee.t wer were 250, ppuutt tthhrrIonousutggr~uhmet~nhtes.~: 3SSooun~ttehhsppaisaisamad~~e.'nF"-tae, dccaalg~liioaeft.ttmeeprmrlmei~i) en0te~0d_ | b~nyDY ~tti.h~ougrteaaw,~,Ecr'o0enEe:eSenIsB:iseuuml,lRe.ttiinnSC2255o9e m,), BbB5iet encckeekmdmsaaccnnaasl~ine,csimturummAmia,oe~snnm0do"Wmamngtl ,pP_o~@ rCota=ii~oivlnl2e~trorrF~aaaet8esyir1t~eohes~o{;fnpdcliaeclae~tioatrTM Y~{~lTtayren~~he2[:.ei:Wenrc~}otehS neCaE msn teatnhido) adrhdf;onvoredhrasbbreyydugnesnseuuesssbbsoSttiltr.ruuUaat~mcc~tu=o'i_~nn~cagu,esottnihhni nete~grracoaUtontic_inoe~-nrn":'~-_t~raTitoioowwn:a.~ I nelve `tjaulomg-,m1a050, Hach p h~f~ne combined calcium-magnes]u[~.~ical Co., er~]ce : Hach Ver Catalog, 1950, Nacl~ 1001122..00110011 y A NJ 4 iA oo, 1)#4 x| oy 3 Ria)3 1| JE | 5a i a42 pix )| " 4| o4i 1 3 3 vJ | A | i] i 110022 WASTE WASTE W WAATTEERR RREECCLLAAM MAATTIIOONN ysi11s00.. APPoostttaaassnssdiiuaurmm.d. ypsoitsa. sAsisutmanadt a7r7d0 ccuuPPrrvovoeettaawwsssasaisisuummmmaawwddaeaessbbddyyeettsseeeerrttmttmiiniinnnggeeddlliimbbmiyyittssmmefferaraonnomssm my. Samples were compared with the ooff aa ffllaammee aannaall- s00tattonod1a155rdpppcpumrmvoeof.f | Reference: Bulletin 250, Beckman Tnstruments, South Pasadent Cali, potassium at 770 m~. Samples were compared with the standard Reference: t~ulletin 259, Beckman Instruments, South Pasadena, Calif. curve. Reference: Bulletin 230, Beckman Instruments, South Pasaden, Cali. 1111.. SSooddiiuumm.. SSoodiiuumm wwaass detteerrmmiinnd by ffllaamme annaallyyssiiss.. A sttaannddarrdd cclleuuenrngvgtethhbooeffttww55e88e88nmmtythu.he. SSlliaaimmmmipitplsleeoossff0ww0eearrneedcc1oo0mm0ppapparppreemmddoofwwfiisttohhodttiihuhueemmsswwttaaa~nnssddmmaaarraddddeeccuuaarrttvveaae..wwaavvee:- Reference: Bulletin 259, Beckman Instruments, South Pasadena, Calif. uussii11n2n2.gg. aaAAlpplkkaHHalliimmnnieiettttyyee..rr aanndd 44.33 wweerree uusseedd rraTaTtthhhheeerrsaattmmhhpapalnlne ttoo ccaallceunllaatet iittwwnhnhadeadesiicbcbttaaiiiictttctroaoararrrratbbtessoeoooddnnlluauawwttttiieieitootnhnaassnn.a.ddsEEttccannaaanddnrrdbdbppaaooorornndidaiannttaatteecscsiiaadaadllttkksSaaopplllHh iiHnnntiiint8toyy.yn2:. RReeffeerreennccee:: ""SSttaannddaarrdd M Meetthhooddss ffoorr tthhee EExxaammiinnaattiioonn ooff W Waatteerr aanndd SSeewiaggee."" 13. CCoonndudcutcitvivitityy,. CCoonndduuctcitivviittyy wwaass mmeeaassuurreedd bbyy mmeeaannss ooff aa SSoollui- BBJJererirrisddsegegyeye,,CCiimm't~oyoy,d,deNeNlleewwRRDDJJ-ee-2rrss6eeyymm..aannuuffaaccttuurred bbyy IInndduussttrriiaall IInnssttrruummeennttss IInncc.., 1144.. ppHH.. PThhee ppHH wwaass mmeeaassuurreedd wwiitthh aa BBeecckkmmaann ppHH mmeetteerr,, mmooddeell HH22.. deg115r5.e. eBBCOO.DDB..ODTThhweeasdduiislleuudtt.iioonn mmeetthhoodd ffoorr ddeetteerrmmiinniinngg tthhee ffiivvee--ddaayy 2200-- deRgerfeeereCnc.eB: O"DStawndaasrdusMeedt.hods Reference: "Standard Methods ffoorr tthhee EExxaammiinnaattiioonn ooff W Waatteeer aanndd " SSeewwagaegre"." | mmooRd11ed6i6f.fie.firiecDDcnaiacitstesii:ssoooonnllv"vooSeefftddattnhOhOdeexaxyrWW ydgigeMniennenk.tk.lhleoerdrTsmhmfeeoetrtDDhhtoohOOded,.wEwxaaassmiddneaettteieorrmnmioifnneeWddatbbeyyr tthhee and ssooddiiuumm Sewage" aazziiddee Reference : "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Sewage." | SSooiill AAnnaallyyssiiss MMeetthhooddss Bibi Co, ERIM Reds Mese 4h Hie | 11.. OOrrggaanniic NNiittrooggeenn.. SSeeee 4 4 uunnddeerr cchheemmiiccaall methods. methods. 2. oOrrggainiec mmeetthhoodd uussiinngg CCaarrbboonn.. CCaarrbboonn wwaass ddeetteerrmmiinneedd aa ssttaannddaarrdd ccaarrbboonn aanndd hhyyddrrooggeenn `weighed sample was ignited in an oxygen tragy bbyyaa ttraagiiny ddrryy ccoommbbuussttiioonn aappppaarraattuuss.. TThhee wodixeoiixgidhdeeedwwsaaassmtptrrlaeappwppeaedsd ibbgyyniAAtessedcaarirniitteeanaannoddxywwgeeeinigghhteredad,inTTaahhnneeddoottvrhhggeeaasneeiivvceoollccvvaaeercddbhoeccnsaarrccbboooonnnn- tteenRnnttefweweraaesnssctethh:eePnLnrreecgaaalll,lcFuu.l,laa"ttQeeddu",Qa.unanttiitatattiivvee OOrrggaanniic cMiMcircoroaannaallyyssiiss,,, 4thAth EEnngglliisshh E1d,., 11904406,, Blakiston Co., Philadelphia. i 32. PCoarrtgicilse bblleennddiinngg iinn aa SMizne DDiilstaritbiutoionn,. W Waarriinngg BBlleennddoorr iinn phate. Sand sizes were TThoe ssoolill ppaortnictlees wwaerrey ddiisppoenrsseodl by tthhee pprreesseennccee ooff ssooddiiuumm hheexxaammeettaapphhooss-" I pddihissatttrreii.bbuSuttaiionondn sooiffzeppsaawrrtteiicrcelleedsdseeffttieiennrreemmrriintntheheadadnnbbyy5300tthhnmee~iicuuerssroouunnaaslsl ssooiRillethheyyrddecrreoo:mmeeDtateeyrr, mmPaaaukkliinnR.gg, uSuosslee ooff SSttookkee''ss llaawy. ssiieevviinngg mmeetthhoodd wwhheerreeaaSs wwaass ddeetteerrmmiinneedd wwiitthh a& Reference: Day, Paul R., Soil SSecti.. 7403:036233-73744., 1095500,. a7a7:n.n5544i.icommmmPPppeeaariircncmnmtet addeddbiiarraiabiilmmvivileeteeitntyntyee.r.crcooaarrneneT~Tddhssheaae77mm..uu5p5pnnlolcdedemirmirss.. ttiiuTTnunrhrhbllbeeeeeenndcdcggoottsrsrhheue,u.ssrrffDDwaaaycipceseeeretegisslilooiieininildlgttcchwhooeerraeeftfssoeorrwrwmmewerraooeesff ttaaaaapkkccpeeyylnnlileiinwwdnidditeteahhrrt a ccoonnssttaanntt hBeeaadd ooff 2255 cemm ooff wwaatteerr ttoa tfhoee bboottromg ocyf towhareteuurpprrwiigagshhttacpcooprlreei..edTThhaeet 11001122..0011002 | -- WASTE WATER RECLAMATION l 110033 BEE oan~hotiunt of ooff ~eabliliittyy,, EwatayeterrrfflloewWisnA3gSTttEhhrroWohuAugsgThhEfRotthlhRleeEoCweciLoonArrgeeMeAwWxTapsIsOreNmnsseiaeostured p, calculated from the following expressim~: a~d the per- Vvv= =~ Q= anaute veelloocciittyy hayudnratuylic end er gra&ent pPSL = V nlQ 1HL A QA ~~= qcor~eommssesnstseiectyctidoonnaarreeda AF. after 30 HIE HZ ead of WT TL=~=Jtlteieinmuggetthh ooff coree I~ ~ head of water . . 'rotes ooff ppseerrHceoEollaL"- TfrheeodSsteeaaddy-oyrraiattseeppeweraeyo,nlaptetior,m,earoabsit~)li.ttoybatWiaofa:n,sned~i,dtps~rt.e.au,pf,rt.abCbrm ,e~,eddd3ss0oobo iiYllmpsupaal,c,]ke}~is,en,sp;g, iww&aaeaccsdomolhaeu,amnmsnd~" With the thePe T~ihe ~aiebcrrieelseeianntmeeyded,NddrrieTesd r~ThoeiLisWamapteler , ~ '. d m ase ex. ,ChaAnEgLe ceooumd~eptpleleer~: tihhPcaisee~oamsneea, bBa Efx.lx~.ct,hvay ndgee1teromnotimimnhpneeeletdehx.so,oidls pT2aor%timcehlaeessduWreearbeodvhfeei:sbplcacaceldll 0aind e the uThtenion oF magnesiv | JINoyon,nm,thaendchie cal as was used llsed to displac u 5}11}111011i11111 tRS811llli~ alld acetale sodilllll. | 11001122..00110033 in 104 W WAASSTTEE W WAATTEERR RREECCLLAAlMVAIATTIIOONN AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX CC GGEENNEERRAALL BBIIBBLLIIOOGGRRAAPPHHYY 11.. RReeffeerreenncceess oonn SSooiilss and PPeerrccoollaattiioonn Srna of st Ahh,rfer, R. l:I,., and M~rkle, F. G., "The Measurement ~f ~truetural ~tability and sity sd Permeability aml the Inlluence of Soil Trt~atments Upol~ These Properties," Soil SS timerzenR c" Sol Se. Se ors Allison, L. E., "Bifect of Microorganisms on Permeability of Soil Under Prolonged Sei. 51:201-212, 1941. Allison, L. E., "Effe(.t of Microorganisms on Permeability of Soil Under Prolonged ye Submergeuce," Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Proc. 63:439, 1947. Soi Se via, 104 AArroonnoovvicicii,, VV.. 8S,., ""TThhee MMeecchhaannicicaall AAnnaally~s'siiss aass aann IInnddeexx ooff SSuubbssooiill IPeerrmmeaebaiblfil~ttyy,," Soil Sci. 63:439, 1947. Deen Aronovici, V. S., and I)onn~n, W. W., "Soil Permeability as a Criterion for Drainage Taman, runs Amn. Geaphon Uaioe penis Design," Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 27:95-101, ~946. Toto SoGi Bwi.th nDaenMeagLaavrean,, i3n. R2a.tiSoontleation of pow Soom Tsation Water Bodman, G. B., and Mazurak, A.P., nfiltratmn of Low Sodium Irrigation Water tenn 0, Am to sacs an, Into Soil with Dense Layer, in Relation to Treutment with Gypsum and Other MaSow, von, png tp IrfanWater terials," J. Am. Soc. Agron. ~0:621-644, 1948. Ro Sos mn pe at BBrroowwnniinngg,, GG.. M M..,, "V"Voolluummee CChha~nnggeess ooff SS~ ooit"liss iinn RReellaattiioonn ttoo TThheeiirr IInnffiillttrraattiioonn RRaatteess,,"" Soil Sei. Soc. Am., I'r()c. ~:23-27, 1939. BrInoai,eG.onMSaoludAlsimt, eI. 5, "Bie of Diligent Types of Organi Sterile Browning, G. M., and Milam, P.M., ~ect of Different Types of Organic Materials Bo Ap Are and Lime on Soil Aggregation," Soil ,c~. 57:91-~06, ]944. Clisivdnoint, 3. B. "Bec of Trop Ae on So Psi" Sl Sei 59355 Christia~sen, J. E., "Effec~ of Trapped Air on Soil Permeability," Soil Sci 58:355- 365, 1944. . Christiansen, Ae. Tog. 20147150 To Christiansen, JJ.. E.,., ""~Soommee PPo(~rmrmenebail)liilittyy CChhaararactceterriissttiiccss oof[ SSaalliinnee aanndd AAllkkaallii SSooiillss,,"" Agr. Eng. 28:147-150, 1947. ' | DalSeos, Si, FBeoe "ASoraBronFap ts Aoctin the Tat of take of Water by Sle" I)(h'y, F. L., "Surface Factors Affecting the Rate of Intake of Water by Soils," Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Proc..~:60-64, 1939. FisSosten inhuneTMoeet, "Sunes Bune nd Enlontion ann, A, conghon, Tio Einstein, I-L~ns Albert, "Surface Runoff and Infiltration,', Truns. Am. Geophys. Union 26:431-434, 1945. Sa, Toad Firema~h Milton, "Permeability Measurements on Disturbed Soil Samples," Soil Sci. 58:337-353, 1944. FitrheenPn eMimtona, and BaasuesS,iGt. i1o,f "The Kt of Sete Toeetion gates Fireman, Milton, and ~odman, G. ~., "The Effect of Saline Irrigution Water Upan Fireman, on and Maid Soh os ry son Wer pon the Permeability and Base Status of Soils," Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Proc. ~:71-77, ~939. br 0.0. "Farmar Fireman, Milton, and Magistad, O. C., "Permeabiliiy of Five Western Soils as Affected Shohte sooine of Sd i tt Trogon 7 71 18% by the Percent:~ge of ~odium in the Irrigation Water," Trans. Am. Geophys. Union Wap ene Sle i Aectd 2(;:91-94, 1945. | EConD boton, Oi Sl Se. So. ry Pon Sharing Ince opin, Walter A Dosim of the Automatic Recording To place Lysimeters Near Fh"T,Ttrrcaahnnessr.., JAAomme.l. EGGe.e,oap"phSbyoysm .s. eUUPnniriooopnner33t00i:e:53s448o.-f55~544V,,at11e96r4499S..olutions That Eo Influence Infiltration," Garstka, Walter A., "Design of the Autonmtic Recording In-pluce Lysimeters Near (~oshocton, Ohio," Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Proc. 2:555-559, 19[~7. | Lam Lysimet G(,o~'hcgan, M. J., "Aggregate Formation in Soil. Influence of Some Microbial Meta- | fRooliucthZrInog teCorea.niSoCiheiemoinrt,eSPuobrnmiuntievsn ainn Sul Reoshccso he scnsnin holic Produ(.ts and Other Substances on Aggregation of Soil Particles," Trans. Amst10eS8 rymayong toms Micmbial Meektes: Fourth Int. Co~g. Soil Sci., Amsterdam 1:198-201, ~:2()3-104, ~950. Abstract: Chem. tien" Trans | Abstr. 46:2217, 1952 #103104, Abstr. ~6:2217a, 1952. | Ot Sion 1050. Abst Gilmour, C. N., Allen, O. N., ~nd Truog, E., "Soil Aggregation us Influenced by the Brn naa tose: Fin of Soi, at Organs sion Iflencebd ythe a 0: an Tov, 5, Sul Araregation as Influenced by the PG Prrroooc(w... ih1133::o22f0922M--22o09l66d,, S11p994e48c8,i.es, Kind of Soil, 1 ~md Organic Organic Matter," Matter," Soil Soil Sci. Sci. Soc. Am., eT toes,31 0 Oat So Cot toe ity Tests," GoAAogdgre.r,. W EEnn.gg.E. .,2206a::n11d5583C,, h11r09i4s45t5,i.ansen, j. E., "Obtaiaing SSoiloilCorCes oresfofror PPeerrmmeaebaibliiltiyty Tests," T Hal TT and Ded, 16, tcp Hurrold, L. L., and Dreibelbis, F. R., "An Acc...... :-- . eter" Trans. Am. Geophys. Union ee Dletion, aud Storagoef Sil Water as Defers Weighing Monet Liem: pletio~h and Storage of Soil ~V'~t~r ..... "'~"-~g of tbe Daily Acc~(t~)n 36:28 gem su 3 Hide, J. C., and Metzger, ~V H, "Soil A "~e "" on So arte a Sof Chl Th28oAfinted.by Conan Crone tion," Soil Sci Soc. Am, Proc, 1:19.55; Jog, ST. ~.~(1 ,~a~fi~ Ma,terials and" S('me CI (,mi~' ~rmn ~s A--(cted by ~mn, ~o~1 Sc~. Soc. Am., Proc 4'19 20, 19~9 ~ope~tms Assocmted Certain Crops wifl~ aAggrega- 10122..00104 4 gs105 ueav, WASTE WATER RECLAMATION mn ALY iS: nd Stubblefie ectsof Soil Amendments Jb Soil lI~[hb('ll, D S ciBtiginol,nIBi,nydconoC mCompaction o in altivated SolGs?eoTsF:TUL pp. Thi iATgeireggaar, l10iSnomeRt,GaalntdoniDialldEhuSry,, eArnthnur AIm, G"eaocpthyosr.s UInf0luenocingoJn,ltsa1t0i4on1 ~ .~0gntion WA STE wATER RECLAMATION - on Soil S of' f Amendment~s.o 1948 m~0 ~ ........... '4 T M, "The Eff~ts o~,~ Froc 18:519-~-2, -'--~ and on ~V.tter Movement," Sml ~c~ ..... . ~ I ~flt encing ~" 1941 1~,~'"' martin R, md Pi lslmry, Arthur ., ~ ,,,nhvs. Umon ~ ..... ,.:,,tes Into Some California So ls," Trans. Am. -'::',,,:~ns Am. Geophys. The C2 ",tln(,rty ~ ~ ,,-~ '~ ,-" .-~,,,1 Soils, '~ .... " li.e Emira OL Re "Soll Management in Relation ( WaotaerSaPveenertrnatdioDnepES)eviE5 Fon > ese Criteria for Sewag Absorption Fields ty, ) ~.., "'ot~-R99, 1944. . . -xr ter Fenetrat~on, ;~:~Y, M. R. "Soil M' ,,',gem nt ill ~elllt,Oll tO ,,R Rn" ~/ (Atrograph 29:178-179 1944. ./bsorption ~el{lS, ~r~,. ' I,., Ratmnal 1)esign Or~terta fm "-~,s J, g~:1147, 19~0. yl Dri, 1, nionDTihrer,pin Set ~:).~,.e, H., Dreibelbis, F. R., and ~avidso,~ $'..h~/'*ion and Da, gprs fd a Bibiography ~'ve~l.meters and a Bilfliogralfiiy on Their ~onst~uc~ --nt and the Hegel A Jot, 3. &., "The Relation BESS MoSisteurae C3O0E7% Whe, ~, ~*t. Agr. Mist Publ No q72 May, 1940. . ... Moisture C~nit-Am, proe. ~.~ny, L. and lo~, ] ~ "The Relation Bets~e'.~ ,~ Soil Sci. ~oe. Banas gos un the Dire of RE ';ueraggre~'itio,,'~,~',~[~," ~." .-- of Dispersion ~n ~o1~, _ ~nA~ugeelleess Flood Conte ud Taees suppl, 18 AF -, 19R9 . ~r tter SIlPpI3' a Jf TBhi EconCoarseawtiwng, or TH soy Tapeenmeatilts hRe,e Frin n A, So, Ciel ngs Proc, T1831, 147 7 -n~y 14,, (:orrelating 1~IOO(I ~' +'~+31 194m . Li~.+"m'al Plato " A+n. S )c. Civil Engr. ProC. ~ ~ ..... +' r his Sod,' a Fit ue Grands Breage, Stool: 15% att "<>n +h,, ,,f Metho`d 00 Measuring L~,~~res des Grands Barr:wes Stockhohn, .1~,~,~. , *or 3[easur]n. pe 1 S10 Below Wer ube, Sil NO SL1I07 and ne Soi in yen Kirkham, D. v4 `Plewometer "~,m, J ~. ~ ' ,, ). ,, neter MetnO" :,.. 1949- e 0f ~o" : ~d,'. and Kn'kham, I)., A I n ~,n., ~oi 68:349-3;~8, ~ ",*:n and Natur Agrees ~Ia,-, u m S~tes Below a Water Table, ~ou *-... ,,~-,tion: I. or~.' E an3y 0 AsreR zating Substances" Soil $6, Larios, 104 pater! ~t~n James p ,,~. ...;sins ,tnd Sol Agg~(,y~'~q 1944 . ~ Bqcter~a~ Soi Aggresation: 1 Tuan o on 1 ~.~.. o~ the Aggreg,lliBg SI1 )stances, SOB ,t; n: lI, Into ~., Besa a errgeSniiomet Bo AEG. PO-.'. ' nines p., "Miero(n.ganisms and So~l.. X~.~57-166, 1')4' ' .,,,raisins o~ Rr x ition FP. nt Walgan, Soni "\. arnfiuence of Microors sms on S08 ~Iar.[.'l.lI'*Saeehnrides on Soil Struetm'e," Soft Sc~. A ~,)l,*l.l' l~ll*.e,,nee" of M~er~" ~ ay oi aa nd Erosion: 10," Sail Sci- 22 351-304, 1041 i an A0s5, BU apg, 7 41d Erosion," Soi Sei. 50:20-47, 1040: 4g~.'. ,,ames p m l ~V' ksnmn S(hnan ~':2 ~940 _ ..~anisms ~la~, egatmn and Erosion " Soil Sei. o0:29-a~, ~ .......,ce of ~l~crO(' , To, 1, 1, retina OE het 19990 Se ~,, , .lames p and av"~'sm'tn Sehnan A.,~, oa.~ 1941. ~ao5.1948, _., ~Oll _ '.,-,n anq Erosion: II,' nou , ........ - .,flogic ~"- --iz0na, ~' eReWA.m,aie ih oR EAE Grae and TT rns ~)~.~:, ~V. p., and Itich, L. R. "I)reliminarY~-Land TYpe' n~ rhiag LOC 13:301.567, 1140848.. i er Moviing n Dower ~,l~A~ml~Tturl)ed Soil I~ysi;n,,lers m the tiI "~ ~. MoVillg ,a., t roe. 13:561-567, 1948. WDaotee T-B3o.t"Tehe TnguTeanacreeooff MMio anotdSSeiOSeC Proc. lo S, t and Sink GB pressure Potential of wt substances OF Iia~,,., - ~.-tial of ware- - on ~ ~nall, T J ,. , c,,. , t~ ~ ,~pr0gSlll.e 1,o[e~ ' . O,lb~taneeS in eC or SOI Sei. 68:350-370, 1049. ~le0,,~ ,~ou," Soil Sci. 68:359-370, 194u. --s .~nd Som~ ':'~ci. 8oe. ~* .... BS Ti + aver of Teoria ~V~ ,~' - ' M., 'The Influence of Mw~O ~, -.jan LoesS, _ _,,lation ilBpgenBtegvino5TWheruC"CSoomicm?iSolieSnp e a EterrpM ounda WACTW EraLeAragSlteiyoBrU nS"e,!Siong,r104% gyn 16 ind Sand," Soil Sci? sm351-377, 1043 pstract S108 of rganisms 00 the Tate: iE] aleooQff tLyllra:m.',.~r'"'-M".", ~u"'}sS'luucdios on the . ~ Effect,m at;croorgamsn~*~.186 19Du. ~"2.~. proc. la'~".,,,.regation ~ Mixtures of ~.~o., ,,iR., and Russell M.B., ~l,~(~t',,~e 1944 .......~tion," l~x~ ..t 194b. ~I~,, * tnton~te and S md " Soil Sci. 57:351-,~,~, , waters Inn~u'~'9-o8, a am cul, 3 "CHE soil uate so 1 ~I~.,.-ag of International Geodetic ;m. o'."'c~il Aggrega~%ime Sou aai,ga3,aSoBlTroscS,oehin,Hr,5,o1S:g3i51.e0t20s0f,ona D 10C41o.nen l entciraRoos2.L0om2e50i,panraTcteyitinas neCoo7fn PH Sake Blt oft pegres ofSlope and Rainfall CHAE ~'t'l, o~.'II So',i~l.S.ei. . . dl:.18.9. -2.00., .19.4. 1. -rid l~ainfa~l~ ,~~ ..... re Oon- alibi N ,',, All0 IMle(,t ( [ tile l]Pgl t ~ ( f Slol)e a* or, I{es- ll,ll 280, ~' ~ "" ' .,,ti011S n 0,- ~lolStU ., Neg 0 LsimetersSo,i"l Io doe. Am, Proc oigikh 1957 pemeab Ne.n -oa Erosion," Missouri Agr. Exp. "~"', ~ ,,Obser~'~q7" -,bilitY," 4 ~ Russell, ~l. ,:, o.35-44, ~" .. perme" Si Area 3p sn Ch Sei. Boe anieast 1 valua stin n, O~Y- . "'~ I~YS 1BetPrs ~ Soil ~cl. , ..... " . *gollllt lit RE fee sol %il 8 ,)'.~e~l M., "Soil Clmractcms.... .:~y ljpon ~.~ ., butr,y Ima LTaetaelr,it0e,Sofia,r" aSoinltSesi: S0t.irfoobni.sl oSe CESLL vnLoum ~%1o 2'a' 67:403-409, 1949. . at;crobial act'.).~-35, 1O4t'.. ditration Bt ~ills~ mlllty of Lat~ rite Soils," Soil ~c~. o . altrqtion Coin ay, wo nfiwoncing FE UY, ArthuJr, "actors 8~}t~, Arthur F., "Factors Influencing "' 4:171-181, 1947. i i f0hagr 3 & oodi L12 ie fbee o,l bNe e JwHi a| ig Hii ls 4i)! . {7 1i ia Bl { 1B25Y1 i+ a|x i 43 ba a2 9ty 5Be iaA ii fon 274hh 2oc)| 11001122..00110055 101066 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION ] WASTE WATER RECLAMATION Pillars, Arthur T, and Appleman, David, "Factors in Permeatility Changes of : I) llsl)( ry, Al'thur F., and APl)lemnn, l)~.\'id, Fac! )rs in Perme l)ility Clmnges of Sui ad Tut Grime Materin So Se. FDATEAZ, TORR , Soils aml Inert (l~'anular Material," Soil Sci. 59:115-123, 1945. Dillane, A. Fy nd Hubert, 3. 1 "Infiltration tates Tuto Yolo Loum Soil As | l' lsht rv, A. F.. :,nd II thefts', M. R., "Infiltt'atiou lt,tles Into a Yolo Loam Boil As Neto by: Organic Mittens" Prue, Am. Soe Hort. Sel 30-10-15, 1041 n Afl'e(.tt,d by Org;mic M~tlter," Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 89:16-18, 1941. TiitderDr,yinIg. a1n', tahnedTCuhirkistiansen, J. E, "The Effet of Organic Matter, Gypam, \ ll(,item(,i~,r. R. F., and C.hristit~nsen, J. E., "The Effect of Org~tnic Matter, Gypsum, High eation Rate aid Pesmacabity of 5 So) Teisnied wich a " and l)ryi~ ,m the Iufiltration Rate :,nd P(,rme~fl)ility of a Soil h'rig:~ted with a Sodium Water; Trans. Am Geophys, Union 35181-180, 1040. A lligh S~dium Water," Tr~,ns. Am. Geol)hys. Union 27:1S1-1S6, 1946. Reitemior, It, F., Chrintinnsen J. 5, Moore, . Tt. and Aldrich, W, W., "Effect of I(eit~m~ei(~r, R. F., Christiansen, J. E., Moore, R. E., ~md Aldrich, W. ~V., "Effect of SGarnadym, Orica Mates and Dring on nfltratioh of a Son Water into ns Ring ! (lyl)S,,m. (H'gaui(. Matter ;~nd Drying on lufillr~,lion of a Sodium W~,ter lnIo a Fine Fou, U.S. Dont. As. Tech, Tal. No. 937, Japs, 18 u S ~,(ly l~,mm," V. S. 1)ept. Agr. Tech. Bul. No. 9~7, Ja~mary, 1948. i Tate of vii WN Roe, IInrry B., ~md P~rk, Joseph K., "Study of the Centrifuge Moisture Equivalent the Trane Permeablit of Saturated Seine. Amn Don 550k as ~m Index of the Hydr:~ulic Permeability of Saturated Soils," Agr. Eng. 25:381, 1190444.. Rule, Glen K., "An Tfltration Studs." Soil Conservation 355.59 and 05.06, 1049. Rule. Glen K., "An Infiltration Study," Soil Conservafiou 15:5~-59 aud 65-66, 1949. SMTu,tToo, Waintdh DTreoftleobriso, BT. "Movement of Water Within the Soil and Surface y Schiff, L., ~md Dreihell)is, F. R., "Movement of Water Will, in the Soil and Surface Cin 0A0LALL, Tod, to Td Use and Sol Eroponsins Sear. An eartice / l(mmff WiH~ l~eferen(.e to Land Use aud Soil Propertit,s," Trans. Am. Geol)hys. i'nion ;~0:4()1-411, 1949. Cation 0575305, 1040 Smith, W. 0. "Pedologieal Relation of Tuitration Phenomena," Trans, Am. Geophys. Smith, W. O.. "I'(,dological Relations of Infiltration Phenomena," Trans. Am; Geophys. fi Union 30:555-562, 1949. stem Noord Van Doorn, 7, "A Hydrological Observation on Lysimeters of the Provi V~,n 1)oorn, Z., "A IIydrological Observation on Lysimeters of the Provincial Water Holland," Water (Netherlands) 53:53, Tom. Almere gal Water ncial Water Sysit, n Noord Ih)lland," W~,ter (Netherb~nds) 35:23, 195~. Abstract: J. Am. Water Worl Assoc. 3:36, 1051. v by Hearhig Mierial," U. 8. Geological Survey Water Suny Duper sos! tags) ~Vorks. Assoc..~3:S:56, 1951. Walliban, E. F., "An Improvement in ysimeter Design," J. Am. Soe. Agron, 32:305- ~V44aO0l4l4i,,ha11u99,4400E... F., "An ImI)rovement in Lysimeter Design," J. Am. Soe. Agron. 32:395`Wenael, . K., and Fishel, . C., "Methods for Determining Per ~Venzcl, L. K., and Fishel, Y. C., "Methods for Determining Permeability of ~Vater- meability of Water- Beari~g M~,terials," U. S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper ~7, 1942. ini Ttof, Commis Wil, FL Go eal, "Report of the Committee on Transpiration and Evaporation XWiVlilmm,, IHI,. GG..,._"-MMeetthhooddss ffoorr Union 22:678-686, 1941. tthhee M Meeaassuurreem meenntt ooff IInnffiillttrraattiiooun,,"" TTrraannss,. AAm m.. GGeeooppeohhpyh~ys.s Union 22:(17S-6S6, ~941. - ~Vilm. II. G.. et al, "Repo~'t of tl~e Committee on 'l'ransl)irt~tion and Eye, potation on Ta 394:~-44," Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 22:6S3-693, ~945. Wind, Re. "Meth to Obtain Capillary. eld Water from | Wind, R., "M(qhod ('o Obtain Capillary-tIeld Wnter from S:,ndy Soils," Hzn. ~Vater Sandy Soils Hon. Water 3 Wou(dNeeudfef,rlands) 35:5, 1051. Abstract J. Am. Water Works Anse ens, Voor (Neiherlands) 35:35, 1951. Abslra(.t: J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 43:8:52, 1951. . M. "Variations in the State and Stalility of Atsresations oe Tosalh ~Voooffo(DDhi'uiffffffee, rt'Cecnn.ttMM M.e,ett"hhVoodadsrsiaootffioCCnrsrooppipnpiintnghg,e","SSS~oaoitilel SSacnciid.. Stability of Aggregatiou SSoocc.. AAmm,.,+ PPrroocc.. :41:133--1188,, as a I~csult 11993399.. 2. References on Reclamation of Water and Sewage 2. References on Reclamation of Water and Sewage AWlat,erCF.rFo dSoeweange Td To, 4. 30. "Toot Up the Foct Arnold, (4. E., Hedger, II. E., and Ra~w~, A. M., "Report Upon the Reclamation of Auril, 1040, (Rarort atoicoTunndtuyntrviaaplerWaayrsatneesy in To Ago Conte. mCaltorni aatmmitiomnot.of |E W:~t(,r From Sew~ge and Industrial W~stes in Los Angeles County, California," \ Li nt A b f3 he: a" a B J]| ] E April, l!)49. (Report to county supervisors.) AmJeoriinctanComSmociitetteye ooff CthieelSanEintgairnyeers, "Salvage of Sewage" Final Report American Society of Civil Engineers, 'SaLage of Sewage," Fired Report of the | Basbier, G, Troon, Encinening Division a he pegSee ooff hthee | I TJTorrai:~,nnsts..CAoAmmm.m. itSSto(oc~c.e. CoCifivvitihlleEESnngagrnrssi.t.ar11y0077E::11n66g55i22n,,ee11r99i4n422g.. Division and the Irrigation Division. 1] | Cok hehS. anid Chabinnes, J. "New Barbier, G., Trocm5, S., and Chabanues, J., "New Inv~stigaHons of Chlorosis Ln tInveostigaftions cof aChlorosiso of f| ('~'Ol)S in Sewage-I)isl)osal Areas," C. R. Acad. Agric. 36:]79-18~, ~950; Soils and | Fertility 13:28, 1050. Abstract: Water Fer(iliiy 13:2S3, 1950. Abstract: Water Pollution Abstr. 23:159, 1950. Chapman, 1. N., "Sewage Contaminated PTorlrliugtaitoinonAveW.aterssos taoo p1ig? S018 :i Ch22a55p::m 9933a00n,,, 119E933.55..N., "Sewage Contaminated Irriggaatiotniou W Wataetre.r"." AAmm.. JJ.. PPuubb.. H Heeaalltthh iL, Daprert, &. Fe "Tracing the Travel and Changes in Compositioonf Undersroun L, Dappert. A. F., "Tracing the Travel and Chang(,s in Composition of Und(,rground y Polh~(iou," Water ~Vorks ~nd Sewerage 79 265-269, 1932. DWauter"S6exvaTze o at wo wo EE Dunlol), S. G., Twedt, ]{. M., ~,nd Wang, Wen-Lau Lou, "*~flmo~ella in Irrigation and Tutus, Wastes 331181155, Sep aonel 0 Tova j Bicheverry, B. A, "Progress W;,tcr," Sew~ge ~md Indus. Ei:('h(we 'ry, I~. A., "Progress Report Wastes R~l)ort an Water Supply fom tern 23:1118-1~22, Septeml)er, 1951. on ~Vat(,r Sul)ply from Central vate 1 Valley P~'oject | Required for Lands in Kern County," December 31, ~938. BtcPhreosjeercrty,RequirAe.d f"oSrupapnldemsenitnal Report on Water Supe ve Et(.heverry. B. A., ', upphm~enta! Report on Water Supply from Central Valley Kern County, Angus 317 ] Project Required for L~m(ls in Kern C()anty," August 31, 1939. arin Stud SgseTM Central Valley i Ta, Ly "Utilisation in Asrienlture of Waste Waters, F(~r:m(I, L., Utilization in Agriculture of W~,ste Waters, I)om(,stic Garbage and See pone, TF) a var Domestherent 6 i Mariac Muds," A~'ri. Prac. 11~:270-272, 1950; Soils and Fertility 13:358, 1950. Garbage and Rn | Abstract: Water Pollution Abstr. 83:200, tom, Ay AS, 0. i Abstract: Water Pollation Abstr. 23:206, 1950. | A 11001122..00110066 -- Bg Ti Be WASTE WATER RECLAMATION 1077 107 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION {ny M Mo, ""P)r"eli' mi na, r. y Re. por. t o. n Coosstt September 1949. ooff(RRReeepccollraatiimmtiiounggSW aWanattteerrClffarrrooamm Wtthaheete0OrxxnnCaaorrndd- Jestic [laHti,on hig MDistaricti). nintgatih:e1n6P9iu,rn1i0tg4y5. oAf hRaitevaecrts: wWhaetnerSePowlalguetioisn UAtbisltirz.ed23i:n25A2g,ri1c9u3l0:. "~F1yo~I5Gte'. s.~,u"En"d~dEhehcecleoioiitrtrssddsin11fg00r6666:'994S4:44e1531w.1-a449g44, 6e61,9R4M Me8ca.alrraA ecmhhbats11ti2r2oa,nc11t:i99}33~11t..haeteLrosI e oA,~n,gel,:e..s- ~ M5"e~t'r~o"p..o..l.'~i,t..a~n. Area," .c. lum. ati. on. Plaunt,t,"" Fie R ws BE ~BYe,s~wto{xr~eles ZJ,. Operation Ressits, Tos Angeles Sewage 3:32:1144-.22222,, 1919831 n1t. ed Sewage" J. Aus. Water Re Works Asso 23250: ~5ageR~I' teetir' "ot ca' ~ " ,l. Am. Water Works Assoc. (1981. ~y, ~. F.~ "~eclamation of Treated ip, e19r3s1.A AmrmDooihdl E E. y and in Gotaas, IHI.. Sewage, BB..,, ,",RReeccllaammaattiioonn of of Sewage Sewage Water," Water," Am. 7. Am. J. ig o Vestn,est, nek, Er m~, ,,~ . Heal ~ya'4s.401-i410,, 10519252. --~- F, Agrieultm.._ :' A.k, ado.. f ZD.eememd tr, e; t2~2).:,8{0q66--44002o, 28-231, 1900. 119P48r.onAbstarnacdt:U 1948. me Abstract: nited i Biol. h{~tim eessss,,5ff3W~.~e.5~l,00tl0~ 9s22s,,",A"~1,99UU44".09. S;"8Se.w'WW DaaDg~aetpetepetrtr..asPAAogagl.rl.nSutTTipeoepccnhlb.e.AmBBebnusuttllr.a. l6~~77o5S5,.u, .p.l1p.i9l.8~y9~ .. of W ater for Trrigation in dus. ;Bi(obherG~Stoate"tsS,~awang~ TReaclaemmatieon aatt M Meellbboounrrnne~,, Australia" Austrdm, Sewage ~aw:~ and and In Indus. 1~sstt.eess a~' g~e" ,23: "The,Beaut,if1i9c5a0.tion und ~~ Biu ftcu,,en ~ntht,~,""BSSce~awwaataiggll~ecaW Wtiooorurkksasn3Jd.. Irrigation of I99r:.r0i~2~_99a,,li11o09n3377o..f Golden Oohl~n Gate Oate Park Park with Activated wint~)AGcetisvuantedd- Hm~~ ~dim-,gn}egB8~E:.1a:~6n8d6:1-3H16-3a1s38a 8c,,ke1,n 1904J477.,.. S"A ATbhbshestetrraaSQcctuit::es~tiVoWranattecioornrff SDPUPwoooetlidlvluueizttneiio,ins"ngonTAN MebcAubhsisnt,trri..cEpip~aa3ul:223w:B0W 2r0e66u,,axnse1tl9el5s10e,05"0s.. Gesund- 4:No42, E|: i 0~,1xv9r5.0.B~u.A, b""sSSturuappcpptll:yy Wo,~aff tGGerrroounPnnoddlluW WtaiatotenerAm bstSrx.xt,2d):~1[b, 1.~9e51~.l = Eau Druxelles ~:No.42, e Feasibility of the fu'ae~ ppa,,a'J3t~ ..iJJc0-n,CanAolfdbsSKtnrenaewcowatwig: ieltW oonWn~a,tteeWW rr.s.,P"ToTl,.l,uRet""ipAoAonrRRtA eepNbpoosor-trrtt.1 PP2te4eor:r1ttB,aadii.nniionnfgg Pttuoob.tthhWeorFkesa,sibLoilsityAnogef ltehse, ahb~ vnvc..,la22m I~88.,,at~Wri1oV91.n:0s.~02aao=.nnfBddSievwswaun~asgddeeTcrrWrG(a,oeotoeotnrt,s,t,"H H.R'iA"ve~l,a",~t"r"ntSS* eeNRwwoeaa.pggo1eerttoRReteBcocldlL-aa.om mosafattAiPi~nooug.nn.be...lSSleoW ppssrroeeCCaraotk*dd.sii,nnFFggiLhoooTTuseddesAstCCtnoogAAnnedtdtljrrejoaoasl--,l . at in A }aPk~'~,,usa Sewage Treatment i'lanL" Repor~ Hl~iiokssttmm rriaicactnntnn,D, eJIc'Io-E .,,"E1"E l9x,5;px0ep.reirimmeennttsseoo.nn NHth~eeerU Uattinilliigzzaatt2iio0o3nn4,ooff to ],os xk~ 1IInn8dd.uussttrAribiasaltlrW aWcatas;stteeWaW WtaeatrteerrPoiinnllAAugtgririoi:n- llttuurree str. aamnsd, 24:91 , FRoo1r9r5ee1ss.tterys"," J~bsBtr..~:a9n1d, A1v9a5l1l., BL, BBietitr. Agrarwiss "Fertilizer Trials 2w0i-t3h4,Siel1sw94aaSgn.ed ASFbelrusttdirglaeictty:1014W33-:~13t93e4,r7,1l"'0o7lBl0u.etiroAi~b*t- [iarps Landtbr.-O. Mej. Inst. 511-28, 1040; So m R a~*d Avall, H., "Fertilizer Trials with Sewage Sludge 1943-1947," BerRtt ~ ' " ,,ndtbr-(} Mej. lust. 51:1-2~, 1949 ; Soils and Fertility I~:358, 1950. Ab- t~trrlaanccattr:=nsW Wla~~tateerr PPool llluuttii*oonn AAbbssttre.. 223~::2200G6,, 1950. 195{I. ading," J. Am. Water Works np i A "ArTtifaiciyal Stonriinegs ooff GGrroouunndd W Waatte.crr bbyy SSpprreeading," J. Am. Water Works lie, D. ~*., ec. 28: -1251, 1936. ~meSr0tCym .. F$i8na :l1e2y4L 0B4.,2a ;"dT,, he19SS3a6a.pniitaernyfQuuality of of Ra Flood EE Waters," Paper Fo p, res1c93n2.ted before before nE ~~e.arn,itaHwry.,gr""olE~uc]pco,n,nLoo~mm,SissiecAss noogsffeohltte,hhsseesseeAAccgttgrii~iroimcncuulAAlttmuumr.r.aallNSooUUect..tifllCitCziZivvai~tlilimoEn.E'n~nggoorfr..~S,AAe.pw~rpaiargliglee,22'i""77, GG1ec9ss3uoue2nm.dblheietitssiinngg" w~~1l02iw:i3e:,g0t,~2o,;HHaL.91.t94FF4OS.'8n,...taLLAAruubbiddssowwtt,iirrgagaCcc,,attl::GGifoooWWrrraaddnot,oinaeen,rr"WW..PPSooellaawllnmauudlttgiieFFooiinnnaallnAAeedbbyyss,,ttI,rnJJ'...d.uAAs2..~.,:2DW",Da,i-iss,a stppeooa sssa3)l1o2off54CC-iitt1rr2uu6iss6alBB,yy-W.OPPcatrrs.ootdde1uus9cc5tt1iss.n [WWahste wig, a~ O~:tario, Rus~ssseellll GG.,, "C'RTalteiecfcloalrm mnaiaatt,ii"oonnSeoowffaWW gacatateenrrd ffIrrnoodmmus.SSeeWwraiasegtseesaann~dd23:II1nn"dd2u5us4st-t1rr2i6a6l, tes 22:289-205, 1950. Oct. ]951. Wastes in l~~KL~odoooswcsachdhigA A,,,,nnMeM gR Tg.eh~te,l,hleee'6"""soscTTsoC~hlhsooe.leu.lnl-EAEA atfgtyfgyfrf,erie,"i"c.c.ttS~11,ooe0e9ff:ww:53aSS77ig-~eg-e11e,ww00a7a7:agi,gnl,leeidI110o9oI. li4nu4nn.7d7t;uett.;hslhs.e.eSS.o.oW~iYYil. ialisseesa.llsadadt.vnnddsaann2FdFd2ee:r2QQrtu8tiuia9ll:nii-mt2ttyy9iti5tt11.yy,33:1:o33o9f0f65440,GG,.rra11as99ss35s0l0l.aa.nndA Ad,b,b"s"sttrAraauccntt.s: WWcaaatdtee.rr Ppoolllluuttiioonn A Abbststrr.. 23:205, 23:205, 1050. 1950. h~erttiinn,, BBeennnn,,"o"SS ne.weawgeaRgecelanmmaRetcltamaiitioonn aatt GG3oollddeenn Gatee,PPaarkk,,"" Gate I ark, SewaSewgagee Sewage and and Indus. Indus. WaVsastteess Wastes i t~e8h:e3l1s9o-n3,20A, 19T.5,1."Spreading Water for Recharge," Soil Conservation 1155::33::0666,, OOcctt., ~tehelson, 1949. 1949. , i(ittcchheellssoonn, , AAA A.+..TTT..,.,.,,aaannn,ddpMrM Meuuacukdccem kkle,gel, lD~DDea,eVneaalnerCC..,f,.o, "r*"S*SSRpprerecealamddiriin~ggnegg,W"WWaStaoetirelrfCfooorrnSsStetorovrraaatggioeenUUndnedresrgrroouunntdy,"2 F(Uue.klinSel.,JDDoDeaeeaqp:u~tn.innAOCg.pr,.VaTS"llReoecyea,hp.poCsBratluilfit.onoNrnCCoi~o.aa,o5p"p7eSerU,raa.tDlooerSre.ss., Doo1enn9p3t7WW ..aatgteerrr,SSppSroreielaaddiCinnoggnseIIrnnvvvaeetssittoiignsaattSiioeornnvssiicen, Ban Joaqt~in L~oggaann,, UUttaahh,, Valley, M Miimmeoeo..,, CAparliifll~2r0n,ia1,"949U.. April 20, 1949. S. l)ept. Agr., Soil Conservation Service, Ek 11001122..00110077 110088 WASTE WASTE WATER WATER RREECCLLAAlMVAfATTIIOONN M MuuccAkgkee+.l'l,, ED Dnegeraa.nn 2CC.0.,,:2""4W W:a7at6tee,rr FSSpeprr,eeaa(d1lii0~4n%gg. aassPraoesM Meneetaaenndss toooff Ground Water AGmr.ounSdoc.WCaitveirl Replenishment" REenpglre,nisPhommeonntd, s ACagirt. . EJnugn,r. 10, 1047. 29:2:74-76, Feb., 194~. I)resented to Am. Soc. Civil Engr., ALFomona, | M MuucCSckelae+nlnleifrl,.,atJDDeaeneaaN.nno~.0CC,1..,1,119,""4RR7De.eesscee,aarr1cc0hh51.iinn Water Water Spreading," Spreading," Proc. Proc. Am. Am. Soc. Soc. Civil Civil Engrs. : Engrs. Separate NiWnagte,r,F"., N~+ring, F., GN""eEEosfu.fffnee1dcc1htt1e,iootff1s)ieA Anrcrt.g,ti-iffIiinccgiiaa.ll 7FF2ee1rrt9tii0ll1iizz0ee1rr,ss oo1nn951tth.hee Chemieal Chemical Composition Composition of of Groun . Ground OOrr+W aD~+ni~saggpte'eeorr,aCC"l+o>Got,fneytsySuenSSwdeeahwwgeeeeirtr+sa~ianggneged:ISnSIgnuud.rruvs7vet2y,r:,i1a9""l0RR-e1Wep9apo1sor,trtet1s9UU5op1pfo.onnOratthhneegeCCoCololllueencctttiiyoo,nn,,CaTTlrirfeeoaarttnmm ieae,n"tn,t, Jaunnd Pi35]l}00l,i,s,p11o980.s44a77lC. yof Sewage and Rajagoralan, Industrial Wastes of Orange County, California, June R., and Subrabmangan, V., "Investigations On Sewage Farming," Pillai, S. C., PRraogjargeossraRlaenpo,rtRs.., aAnbsdtrSacutb:raWhamtaenryaDno,llVut.,io"nInAvbaetset:iga2t4i:o6n5,s 1951. On Sewage Farming," Progress Reports. Abstract: Water Pollution Abstr. 2~:65, PowTenlld,ust8r,alT,Use"sS,o"mSeewAasgpeecWtsorokfs t1.he 2R0e:q3u,ir10e4m8e,nts for the Quality of Powell. ~. T., "Some Aspects of the Requirements for the Quality of W Waatteerr ffoorr : PPuubIHblnelidiaceultsH Hhtereiaa(alSllttohhUu,,tseh""sG G,Ar"rfaarzSziiiecnnwagg)agoo7eff7-W CC5a8aot,ttrtkMlleesarJooc.nnh,2SS01ee:30ww64aa,8gg1ee94FF8aa.rrmmss aanndd DDiissppoossaall ~WoVrokrsks),"" FPuubblliicc RalvInea,lthA. RRaawwnn,, AA.. (M MMS.,,.o,"u"St"'hSaTalllA~evfargaUictegoialo)efifz7aSS7tee-iww8o:a8n~,ggoeM ef SSaStrteucudhwdi,aieeg1dde9,,"4"W8CC.ai~tvvieillr EEfnnogrgr.r.Ag44r:7i4c17u.1l4-t47u7r22e,,,"1199P33r44o..c. 18th Tat: Con. of Air, 1035. Topic 5. Rawn, A. M., "The Utilization Co++g. of A~r., ]93S. Topic 5. of Sewage Water for Agriculture," Proc. 18~h Int'l. RTTaaasswnneennn,,tt,eedAAdA..aatM MMt..,.FF,,rr"""eeSWSssnoanom ootmeeeM MreFFeefaaetrcctitoitnnoomggrrssWooafifsinntttehhttsheeh:eeAARCRmme.oec.ncllcSSaaoeom mccn.a.atttCCiiaiooivnnvnidillooCffEEonWW nsgatgreartss"te.e,,rrEA Anffpgrprro,roimimllN22eSS44ewe,,w~sa11ag6R9g1ee45e,8c.,".o' rPPdaappLeer1r 7ppr2ree2:- TTA, ]~awn, 1 A. M., "Water from Wastes: Concepts and Costs," Eng. News-Record 1~3:172- RReel]hi7unhe4ho,oilld1dn,9, 4FI9:..2,0""0N-N3ee0ww2.VViieAebwwsptporoiaincnttt:ss ooWnnatttehhree PAAgogrlilricucutuliltotunurraAabl!stUUrt,tiill$iiz5zaa5tt5ii5oo,nn of Sewage" 1630,of Se~age, Gesund- Gesund" RReeihSinneekikwteeis,i,gnegEB..f6o9rAA:2,.V9,a6r"-"i3G(o0;eeu2nns.eerAUrasablelsst,rCC"aoocnAnts:msi.idW deeSraroaatctet,iirooOnPnsvsoliliiunntEinoD DgneretstAee,rrbm m1si1tir-nn.0ii,n2n;gg~1:029SS51t.2taa, nn1dd9aa5rr0dd.ss ooff RReeccllaaiimmeedd Sewage for Various Uses," Am. Soc. Civil Sez2e1l,01A1.-1"0S1e2w,ag19e50,Reclamation at Fresno, Se~el, A., "Sewage Reclamation at Fresno, California," Engrs...~:4-~;, California," Sewnge 1931. Sewage and and Indus. Indus. WWaasstteess; SShhaa2App2viii:rr1do0>,1,I]eMM -g1ai0auou1rnr2isi,cc,ee" A~S.a,ni".tSSaeerwwyaaggeenegia~nnnedder~Iinnndgduusrstetrpriomartll. W WaUansistvteeerCCsoiotnnysseerorvfvaatCtiaioloinnfoiirnnniSSaee,mmDi,-aAAyri,~dd19a4n0d: SSSutnyA eayaipnndreh+ddired,r,n,IIsRnnoCCddenhuhug,asas.iro.rRllneeW WFsssa,",asWW stt~e.ae.as,nsnd""~22EEBt35affo:1r1fel3ye2clc53tet3e5ss,n1-1g2Woo2mf4f.43e2SS,eI,eer,m wOwOa"a~ctgFgti.ee,reel]1oopd99nno55rU11tCCs,.aeatltthtoll~feeiSvuaaelnnrfsddiitteyGGaWaorarfbbsaatCggeaeelLifooionngrunH oHiraoo,ggisnM s,,""IaryrSS,iegwIatai;Egoen SStto+W Wn,eap,ahtteetn,&rr.s,"o"nI,TTt,RAA.RPaEPnP.dI,IaAn33b2db2:o:44]t~22t+22,>--l44lWe22~.66,,,WE]1..9,0"44B5U9,.,n. "uA AFsiibsuetsalrtdrlaacUtcF;ts:eeaW Wtoufa+rtS~eeutserlrfioiPD:feoolS% llieuu:wttaiaisootg~eneLkATibbrqsesuttraor,tr.mi2e~n5n3I::t4r4r4a,i,gta~1Nt99io05o00tn. Sione, A. R., and Abbott, W. E., "Unus,al Features of Sewage Treatment tinghum," J. Proc. Inst. Sewage Purif, pi16.154, /ingham," J. Proc. Inst. Sewage Purif. p116-'124, StaWveo,rl8,1.wh21e00S2h-a1o0v0a1n,g,104C5h,ina, Night Soil FertH ilis1e0r0T 0.Reclamation Plant," St+,~e, R., "The Sha+w u+g, China, Night Soil Fertilizer Reclamation I>lant,'' at Not" SSeewwsasgee . SStt+oW t~nrneaoe,t,rikoRRsnaa,lJ"lop.hhr2,,o1e:aa.9nn9dd2-A1G(m~0a.ar0rb1Sbe,oerer1,,,94~WC9V.i.v.ilFF.,,En""g~rS, see:w+aaSg~eeepaRRreeaccellaam mwaaat.tiiooann1,bl>y0y 0~S0pl>rreeaaddiinn~g Basin Basin Steamer, I. tralio+~," 1, l'roc. "Anmte. rSiomc. RCepivoirltE1n0~4r7s. OSp+e~rlamtriaotensNMo.adSe7r, a]9W5a1t. er Spreading Inf 1aLnafnild- StrCD~i~l,slunatsslresiiircic,]tca,at3t.iiMoe+]rnnlc.,eaad"nn,Idd+"+JLLteaaarninnmuddarRUyUe,sspeeo19rSS4te8ec,c1tt9ii4oo7nn Development. Division. Tonnes Son Join Oper+~ti+~ns Madera Water gpreading ~and Development Division Lower San "SSzTta1W Wiba)a+k:in~t>is,ett+rriA,A,rc..ta,a8:n..nIM d.d,SIe"eLSSrS,eecw+wwe.~ad".+,Bg"PTx~eL1peJ.earPSnSPiluUuleapannalen>tcrr.etcyisr,inEEntff]Wtfee9fiimniu4tde+8lhn,.ntaatGnnrddRRoeecuOOclnpalpda.m.m atLLaioootuWinuoai,itn"ssei,ir"aannPlaa+rRoreSoScptc.lta.eatntei]1e.s22h1mUU0he,n.t,A 11A"99nn44.5,9J....SShhooArrmtt.CCWoouaurtrsseeer, Tibbeils, F. II., "l+]xporienc+,s With Ground ~Vater Rellenishment," ,Y. Am. Works Assoc, 30536.531, 1938, er Bennie) W++rks Assoc. 30::~2(~-:~:~4, VeaDtiscphersNal, oKSrWA lChhaep. UsXeVIo,f 1S8e0w.a1g90e, B1i0f5u8e,nt.s i3n, Agriculture,2" Molern Veatch, N. T., Jr., "The Us++ ++f ~ewage Effluents in Agriculture," M6dern Water SSeewwdasgee . | et jer "Tudustial ])isp++sal, FS~Vzk ("+h+H~. Vealch, N. T., I+ +~mstrml Uses XVI, Uses oolfSf 0RR-1eeR9ccel0clail,iiim1mme9eed3ddS,SSeNeSw we.waaagYggeee. EEDffffffuluueneetnnstt,ss",,"" SSevSaeewwaaggee WWoorrkkssJ | %V2W+0,alas:te~tle,~r,N1W 9gW4.oSFrb. kreedsd,,Fu"s(e,C. nos1en+02s~.+7e~0t8mr,nso1ofa0fG4t(0rIrioouounmndl W Waatteerr or ReRessoouurrcceess,, Hain NaNsasssaauu Co,Co., NNeeww yYoorrkks,"" WhiWtnael+y,,r W1.orkWso,l+;"ndgru.s1t0r2i:a7l08U,Usse ]e94o9f.of SSeewwaaggee EEMflfuuenetnst,s"?WWater and SewawgsesWorks | %~WVbVhiiitiH+e+e+rce,yzk.gbG.ri::+~D.S:ak~a.:i~n,}bi5,tJ1JI:..i.~, "Vc2"S.5S,]ek59ew45wia97asa.e,"gg,Inee1d9Fu0FFs4a+t9arr.~]ramrmlmAiibhUnns+tggsgreaaaatctottf:O OsStrOsoWeswtartwortaowewgre~WV,EPorWf+flrl,ellukluekotno_i-tIsoD+,on+lf"alsAkliwW .i:ea,((ltP*eoor2ll1aaan0nnd7dd~),,S"G1eu9Gw5rG1aaa..zg.e Woni Works Woda i Tc+'h. S+,H[. 23::~7, 1949. Abstract: Water Pollution Abstr. 24:107, ]951. 11001122..00110088 a BL ee oeet SE 101099 x Fok, aJi,an, "TWhoelNdeWeTAdShfTorEr PWSrAeTlrEeRa2tR8iE0,C%LoAfo MSAeTwIaOgeNt UHILEL Anesan.al af Bn rs on the widespreadAgree Tie sks Wig: JanW,ai"tEfefe2c5t 0o31fa,geJGsuly, 0193A1d,vantages of in Comecto Serie Dimoinagricultural l TitsgJ ho3;rDaBilesoamdUovtiamlniitczastioonf,h"S.eC"woSaazngietn. tD2i4os:p19o13s,aTle1c9h5.0SEuitt:o23n:1-- il AF rn 3 | I We copa, GaAspr.icWultouriedlTeUcases of Reclaimed Seid Euencta!ge rater 10 ER, aan, geFluent ACvam,,Boh paTnidmnusyt,riianlgh ofWaatvteartiSouSpnpllyW,HFrEEothsRpsrosce3e-ws8as0ge1de SWt0o8.r un, 190 3vVReifsesre oer, Wwo,nsPutblicyHealcth An2spectsDoygEf.SEoI0#f at9aUnsdie.HOaSELnromotte BE,of tract: ool" [wpavter Popeion Abitsarty. 24:65,Engineers 1957 80-191, 940. ow OB restousIafgecutioanslIY 2a peit Bir Ningr A 0aTnMidedd.eVa,b2i1Bnoer,doGi1,00,STr10n4e8m.izAibsctsracotf:mabWeater 0% 2! rh, 104C0 rt B010 u pL BL, WRateor T,rozueiDDiisienaseeest?nnmn.l3: SsTaphiieHnea"at,h3 $997 pea at ofe5e Ei globinenia ah tigated EXC: F oA y, 5RAiaWctJ.esPF iualb SHteecuadoklietnsh,mo3ifo0fn.i7aS0o4ti,elns108430T.8De.waAnsbiengTEatEer teaaotdon 8 MI ier, TeaaTeitr3skyas, W,e, 1E0s4cherichia fi <8 I i and PRET supnties" rol see! oBinNgg i5nBWV,aite"neWr2ar2ta:ae8n5ri3i.BS8noe5r0wsn,eer,1O5ua5tu0rt.blryenks1pD0u1e5s,!PTeE eir wCS ip ,pTeneId Hes. elt CnsB, Sg itaolrh, Johannes Was Wa;tereress To raw Se geEOE BEEo"F ue nn30EI30: aT fi 5y "TThehe Washing Kpeee W. L,TrEagilne,Ser of ns, Jt, B1, laend eKOlHt 6R.eMnocl gar at (5 : piso, 100 pe a yang riee BepeLs TSS oR, Wai ter PEon lRluEtionofAlSPStoaiRgpeoSllUuRt1i0Eio,nk RTp oclke(Ctpanoeata pam te BKrmiieo vhish eeoIhternsSepnrGneeatd4aonfd0`C2to1e.snttirnoallof Ascari unsr a eogee oanuTEo0n 1SBASRRE24uEpvieNe33w5:n35o4cS1h0,t1r030C. oAnUTwoonrFmBEaIt SA pee k 11001122..00110099 iu |A : 3 &%# 34; 5 2s g )9 i f 4 i{ { B;g i iP!o 1 i b | I I u fi4 i; ;` 5 7 a 1 111100 W WAASSTTEE WWAATTEERR RREECCLLAA~MIAATTIIOONN | Legler, F., "On the Question of the Distance Which Ascaris Eggs Will Penetrate Into the Soil After Irrigation With Sewage," Zlfl. Bakt. I Orig. 155:294-299, 1950. Abstract: Water Pollution Abstr. 23:231, 1950 Lessen, S. G., Rhian, M., Stebbins, M. R., Backus, R. C. and Peterson, C. E., "Inactivation of Partially Purified Poliomyelitis Virus in Water hy Cbloriuation III Experiments With Nntur,~l Waters," Am..1". Pub. I-Iealth 39'.1120-1128, 1949. Abstract: Water Pollution Abstr. 23:78, 1950. Maxcy, K. F., "Supposed Involvement of Water Supplies in Poliomyelitis Transmission," J. Am. Water Works Assoc. ]~1:696, 1949. Maxcy, K. F., "Report on the Relation of Nitrate Nitrogen Concentration in ~rell Waters to the Occurrence of Methemog]obinemia in Infants," Bul., San. Engr. and Envir. 264-273 Appendix D 1-10, 195,0. Monaci, V., "Tubercle Bacilli in a Water Course Contaminated With Sewage From a Sanitorium," Boll. Inst. Sieroter. Milano 28:295-297, 194!). Abstract: Chem. Abstr. ]~1~:4171, 1950. Newton, W. L., and .lones, M. F., "Tbe Effect of Ozone in Water on Cysts of Et~da~oeba histolytica," Am. J. Trop. Med. 29:669-681, 1949. Abstract: Biol. Abstr. 2]~:674, 1950 ; Water Pollution Abstr. 23:222, 1950. Orenstein, A. 5, "Hazard of Ascaris Infestation From Sewage," J. Inst. Purif. ~:481483, 1949. Orenstein, A. ,l., "A Contributiou to the Discussion on t'he IIazard of Ascaris Infec- tPPiooolnllluuFttiirooonnmAAbSbsesttwrr..ag22e33:,:"11337P7,,ab11.99550H0..ealth, Johannesburg 1]G~:29-32, 1950. Abstract: Water Pramer, D., Heukelekian, H. and Ragotzkie, R. A., "Survival of Tubercle bacilli in Various Sewage Treatment Processes. I. Deveh)pment of a Method for the Quantitative Ree(~very of Mycobacteria From Sewage, Public Health Reps. 65:851-859, 1950. Pramer, D. and Heukelekian, H., "The Survival of Tubercle bacilli in ~ewage Trcatmerit Processes," Sewage and Indus. Wastes 22:1123, 1950. Rhodes, A. J., Clark, E. M., Knowles, D. S., Goodfellow, A. M. and Donobue, W. "Prolonged Survival of Ituman Polio)myelitis Virus in Exl)erimeutally Infected River Water," Can. J. Pub. Health ]~1:146-149, 1949. A1)stract: Water Pollution Al)str. 23:169, 1950. Rhodes, A. J., Clark, E. M., Knowles, D. S., Shinada, F., Goodfellow, A. M., Ritchie, R. C., and Donohue, W. L., "Poliomyelitis Virus iu Urban Sewage," C:~n. J. Public Health 41:248:254, 1950. Abstract: Water Pollution Abstr, 59.505, Sond. Health ]~1:248-254, 1950. Abstract: Water Pollution Abstr. 23:255, 1950. Rudolfs, W,, Falk, L. I. and Ragotakie, R. A.,"Literature Review, onthe Occurrenc Rudolfs, ~r., Falk, L. L. and Ragotzlde, R.A., Lilerature Review on the Occurrence and Survival of Enteric, I'athogenic and Related Organisms in Soil, Water, Se\v.age, and Sudgen, and on Vegetation 1. Tictris sagt vanes mhsgle AT SEVAES and Sludges, and on Vegetation I. Bacterial aud Virus Diseases," Se~wtg~.~ IInndduuss.. W Waasstteess 2222::11226611--11228811,, 11995500,. Sy ( and ge nd Shige and on Vegetation 11 Animal Easochinn tonin Soll Water, Sewage, ltudolfs, W., Fall(, L. L. and Ragotzlde, R. A., "Literature Review on the Occ~rrence and Survival of Enteric, Pathogenic and Related Organisms in Soil, Water, Sewage, and Sludges and on Vegetation II. Animal Parasites," Sewage aud Indus. "Wastes 2~22::1] 441177,, 11995500.. Sewage d Indus. W Rndolfs, W., Falk, L. L. and Ragotzkie, R. A., "Contamination oi~ Vegetables Grown in Polluted Soil I. Bacterial Contammatmn, Sewage and Iudus. Wastes 23:253-268, So Pltuea Soft 11. ie and Etoratoy Ss aconofVegetablesGrown 1951. Rudolfs, W., Falk, L. L. and Ragotzkie, R. A., "Contamination of Vegetables Grown in Polluted Soil II. Field and Laboratory Studies on Lndamoeba Cy.%, Sewage aanndd IInndduuss.. W Waasstteess 2233::447788--448855,, 11995511.. ' ~' bRLOT~stss,s" " Sewage Rudolfs, W., Falk, L. L. and Ragotzkie, R. A., "Coutamination of Ve~'etubles Grown in Polluted Soil III. Field Studies on Ascaris Eggs," Newage and Indns. Wastes 23:656-660, 1951. Rudolfs, W., Falk, L. L. and Ragotzkie, R. A., " C( ntamm/tlou <)f Vegetables Grown in Polluted Soil IV. Bacterial Decontamination,', Sewage aud Indus. Wastes 23:739-751, 1951. Rudolfs, W., Falk, L. L. and Ragotzkie, R. A., " Coutaml nahon of Vegetables Grown in I'olluted Soil V. Hehninthic Decontamination,,, Sewage and Indus. 23:853-860, July 1951. 10122..001110 ---- 1 nm III 3. i WASTE wa WATER E conany VE, RECI~ o ~,,,~etat)les BobinlliuntTe,idrSooi,l VI1,. A1,pplaincaatRiaosnotofsiRees,ulBts!."ASE"EatCToMn S oan, WaE sotert ZO Bak . BOeuteSE vithrwoerms aSndeAricaIltBurehpUmSCefntgath I[SBuEy San BLY Coie, 1. and Th, A Ta Sy we a. Tu 14% 02 5,0, nd Thomson 6: ~.,m~eal Pollution of Wells via Groun(t.~''~(V)7 iBo te"pEocttoernoBfaec s . of GroUnU ~i~ter him, 1. and Bhagkarse TB 31 Sais an ~;p~i+~M)uiuotBmon3ur.eAAabhhsontslrter,R. 2oL27a+h:t~0ar'.9in-2n2,1e16s6,,1",1199I5531n1,.di"aBn acMtede- rin.eoDnseteBactaiotnn~oe(f}dosT~chtUa0n1teE9r5cS0lie; 5C 5oB2I1n0g S" T Tig "0 and Cela Filters," 201 Bal Lik agit W,paBso,lni,c a\ oLonoeof,EheoHmBi,awi"gouSnro"v.iSvabolf5 aEA,pa1Hriton A BActers ncterin Added.t 350, Soil a~d t1h08~01943 H fgo, iai1o1T,TTDYp,,iy eses45.552,,rrom o110m90-0S11eS1owaw6a,ge1,4"01P5uE0bb,. 1He5althy 0Sol, +0.1~(), 1950. -' ~ -' '+ ' 3 : Bl 11|1 I il : | If 11001122..00111111 11122 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION WASTE WATER RECLAMATION AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX DD POROUS POROUS TUBE TUBE DDEEVVIICCEE FFOORR SSAAMMPPLLIINNGG SSOOIILL SSOOLLUUTTIIOONNSS DURING DURING W WAATTEERR SSPPRREEAADDIINNGG OOPPEERRAATTIIOONNSS ** SanitariBRyyyERRnagaiyyneKKerrrooinnneeg,, RIHet..seIa..rcLLhuuddPwwrioigjge,,ctaa,nnddUnJJieevrreoormsmieetyTThhofoom mCaaalssifornia 1. Sanitary Introduction uly, 1951 Engineering Research Project, July, 1951 University o~ C~lifornia m1.aTTnInhhyteerosdppauenercirctctiooaolrnlaayttiieoonnngioonffeewwraiatnteegrr many sanitary engineering pptrtrhoohcrcroeeosusussggeehshs,, ssooiflt' ee..gz..,, iissiinn aatthhppeehheerrnenecocolmlmaaememnnaaoottnniioonniinnoovvffoollssvveeeewwddaaggiineen psbbsleeyyiwwessasa,ppggrreeaeenaawwidddiliillnlniggnppeeoortrnncchoeolpplaaodottirreesoopunddossoosawwgglnnrrowowouaufanrnrddsddesspaatraraieenncaaddss,t,aaasusunoogkgmmttheehefaannftttltuttenuhhnnneetdsdwweeatrragthgterrreoororunuccgnnoohddnnttswweeuannabttttseeuroorrfffssuattuhchppeee-- psplpleteeleaiurarecdcccsihoho,eliildnanaa.gtgtniidnSnssgugyycissntwhwteeaammttshstetes.eur.rddiTaTaeirrhhsseepeeorooesppffqahhulggeeirnrnroeeooefaammttsteeehiinnpammaattpipcosowwrarhtthmtaiaapincncnlchhkceees,oo,eccfoaafecflnnuuudrdtrehneaaaatslrlropeeoentnhrgbbgrceeooiittlnnhnhaggegethiiippnnnagascctutrrhhwbeeasaatuoossefirfinfrnagttghcohllyeerey sssioontiuiTTlldtwwhssieeooooldlusu.ccottoioiiSlomomunnmtmc,,oohobbncneesallttyywwucidhiuuttishshetedesdhdrderarasswedwanaqommnuwpipnaralletwtiinnaiitgngrnhttdammeeterrevmvtstaaohhallvomossiddpansaslllgeoaaosnrrnweeggaotf(tt(ehaahrte))he,essttahoohpinieelledruppucrssr(oooeebflf)iaoiolltffeeir..npepgmaaonnwvssaappltlleaaorccfeeoddar lslisanaaabbmmtoophprrlealaeettoosooorrfyifyl..ttthhoM Meeecetssatoohhiticlool,,hddfftrr((hobboem))mdiiwwonnhvwvhiooinccllwvhhveeatsstrhhdegeerrmoossososoissillvddissniioosgsllttuuuwtutriirboaobantnaennrmmcc, eaeaayynttoodbbtteehh(ebdedi)issssooppriiellllamacaaceoenndvdddaiilhhnneeonnttfhccheeaee eietissoxxtnntheeooannttsvsisseivuvueieistlteleyyerddioiittunuoosrrcceedooccinneesttnnaiitdntnvuuyyaooeenuuatassrarssgiienns((vvR,Reeseestaftfisieeggrrafaeetotnniiloccolneenosssws.s.11:]M~aae([nnt1edtd)hhoo22Pdd)l),,a((caaaa)e)nnmddhheaanhhsstaabvvboeeeefeenbnbteeheeeeemmnnppplffaloooonuyyusneneidddds padtdaoieiffogrffh'cioioaoccoduvludlaelttt""iswwbbenigoirottihhnnowooudduatnst"",tedrwwddiiisiijtasstshthdtuuuvrttnrahbhbdueeiiet~naroo"ggvvteetteehshrrn,eellsyyaooiiisvnvonegefngror;llsslylyoooi(iiinllw3n;)g;gs:((sst2o2ohi())iel1l,,)fttaahlhPnnoeewlddapmmcaiieettett~tihihhsns,ooeddaddniifntfffffidoiaaccuifiulllptsstl.eht rwwetthohohapeesspanneesncctsutttihhhrrieeeees tpcttchhhhheeeeararcrssnaoaiicuzczlteaemteetbioorrnefiifsgsrtttthihwciweesshappitooeaacffrnnhsstti,hs,hmeeuiiaffnypplldeeaarerbrrccrgegooeetllueaaseenttennisidnooin,oguugnggaww;hhna~adttttoeo(er3hr,cce,)oonlaaltcllhrreeeeeeccttmssfalesesokiirrwgigieonnosuipuiffssaiiilltctyhcyaa,d.nna~aittfllafttnssieeadaerrmnmeelppddtple;;leretshoaas,a,nncpddlloisilmml((tie4ih4tct))esst ststhaahememTTphphSnliliauesesnsmsiddtibffissraercocrrouumymsswssEhiieenooinngcnnoohiuuddnggeem eshhsecacrryrllioiiobnbccbgeeaaessttiiRuoaaoesnnnnsessediiam,ttmrooppacrhrnaaoossdvvssPuueerhrdrodeeejnesscrcraaeetemmp,ppmrprlewelaiisshknneeieggnncstthmmaaitetteiiitvtnvdhhveeiooofldfdrriveecsesdduusueelllttvvtsfees.thl.oleooppcneeosddlelebbocyyft aatahppepplooiSrreooaduun.ssitTatthuruybebeeEmooenrrtghi`"noppedrreoorwbbianeesg'" applied. The method was iRittnnooevvseewwesshathtiriiicgccghahahttePennddreeoggooajaennttciivtvtt,heeheewpphrrsseieuucssgghssgguueeirrsnseettvssiioooolonnvrreoosttfefe~tnhPPssreirioooonfnnfeessssesssaaoorroererf bPP.e.iRRn.g. DDapaapyyliooeffd tththoee tDDheeepppaarrrottjmmeeecnnttst btieoinn~byapspprlieeadditnog.the project's ooccfufurrSSrrooeeiinlnlstst,, iiUUnnnvvnieeivssvetteriigrsgsaaiittttiiyyoonnooffooffCCassaleeliiwfwfooaargrgnneeiiaarr,,eeccaallnnaaddmmaaii-s-s tion by spreading. 22.. TThhee MMeetthhoodd pptlhliieTTnnhhggTeeiqddppueeiopopdtrrthooh.muu.ass TTytthuhueebbbeeetfeopoenrrnrssoppiivororinonodbbeooeedrriisbsnnyeeiinggnaassatenetiriryvttveeeemddeppaiirrnnneettsosso,ssuuttbhrrhueeeetssnnooueeiisclclueeaaasstltsslaattyrrhhyyeethtfddoeoeessmwwiiorriiesettdtdhhddsscraraaomannww-.iii`vtlhvlneleleugnnusiisltetetirunnqrabtatutiteimemndddgeetiimtmnhnhuaooFFsyddiitggbiiuushesrreettepoosscroouIu1mvsspaaieeldnneeddaatde22`"l..`bhyhyPPaarrfnniiiaggolonlirriyenndtgtgoom"w""issetaaacchmmnoopslpllw,uliiamibmnntngnueg,rt, oottutfhfhoseeuwwdapapialtrrstloeoeypbrblreaetcohoaaerrennaddssmiiiprpccohhoosaoontnnnnnnd,ce,eoccaatnttsso.-tceiecnsuasatgtbrraadidbbteneluldgdiibsshhiluuninangtttshhtiieeblmlessuettiihshnppteehhdoobiwwnnesa,,aptcltaaeeoannrrcmddepdiin.nttlheihittteeeiiaaliiyllnnlliyiyfttiiilaapplllerrdeeyyssiiweeeennllidtdtthooiinfnfwttaththhtheeeeersspatapomrrmooppdbbllieeiisnnpagaglanncssddeyysscctateooiemmnrmn~aeiiencsscdttddiiiinntssogg.- tubing has been displaced. Se Ra AF oonid open SET * Soil Science 7~ :211-219, 1952. (Reprinted by permission.) a These conditions are often found, especially in stratified soils. I 11001122..00111122 1 Bet e : `WASTE WATER RECLAMATION 111133 FFRREEEE WWAATTEERR SSUURRFFAACCEE E --SSOOIILL SSUURRFFAACCEE EA E ---- Eq ee cM a i TE;NNSSIIOOMMEETTEERR TTIIPPSS PPRROOBBEE p ea 5 7cM | /-. g of ER SsCCRREEEENN -/ E F/ 3 ,,- HHAANNGGIINNGG--~ CCOOLLUUMMNNSS OOFF WWAATTEERR . 4 A a ON . ~.o Schematic Drawing o~ Apparatus Used for Studying Probe Sampling- 1001122..0011113 3 | | 114 W WAASSTTEE W WAATTEERR RREECCLLAANMiAATTIIOONN T-- E -- = 2 / i o [0E| Jie vl |i B\ ol i ee J E iE ef ad _. tl{ or % PenaEe Furs 2. Figure 2. Photog Photograph ooff Abarat Apparatus UsedUs(,d orfor Sein Study ng Dra I~robe Semplin, Sa~npling. 11001122.00111144 115 :hs WASTE WATER RECLAMATION WASTE WATER RECLAMATION T3li,thSSePepcteiyficptc7aesotionOopnfsfs efpfmooorr)lrrPPooouoursrasoosuucmmssearatTTtetuuearbbirieeinassaelld.bbeeVssattriscouutiittseedd`tyffpooerrs PoP~frroo:Pbb)ereOobccSeoosnnsBwtsgYrrUeturGiC.cnett,iissfoottniunucddhEaiieaneSdsdt 7 SELaificatnh~e ci com iiy,,f~,Jgem'e 38)) Bim,,'UtllelleillF iinn tthhee aaevnnbl,dlaa,I.tttteeIImftmrppw,ttvtaa~nsttot~o ffddoooVeeuuriat,nnereiddilromomutini~nsnna-,~ge~tywap*~th'h~hneeads~?taa~t,vv,hfh~eeaa.rr:tt+caagtgotteeorhsrheVP8sae~rC'ee_3f~E~+os~ug~on~ ,rddooorffttsoio0list.lihtbte0yyede RHilNo yi, ithe ge eed btmyhoespftaricnakeniemgpdpeaora otfic1leul sto`a1n0dT%hlea`SrpmgraelolppeoerrrePsPOTo8E5rsS5iWzaUeptpresntlbbyydeeee-pvfCseriiOlerouleenbltdd>e aaWrwmif:~tI~da~cthtnesls,eeelIplv'yarronp~"dpemerrvsktrsaeaibdztleeemoofafp,taeoocrppkneti.alnlnlil."glnvg~T,os,'~fsiinnt*hhta8ee~-e'.ss~.~ooli1il1l sscrremea,e ~ppaarl.tt'ildces -W+LS tgt~oe n~g was pmroEb5e i%Faf2e~.eermeable and stable by |rattey n = wines packing oz or eliminate pu the probe ith fine st~ ahenpdleaffceTechtiWsa,HOPrLIEO,go1iGanmgeirpWtrfAaioScnrteeiancBoicalre if1gtghey1onds,anwdhiccohuld`sumbosteqbueentpluyt Rissecon. oa caused pindinidg e pehavior 38 188 PFcabeivileiro--_t--,ynspaelr Bia j"trafnasctmoirt iia 5 not so iwinamfptloeurretnawcniittnhgaaprPWoObTOTSEYRe,rebseBtcFearursepetriooobne.n(1s70,,ovIenre0on' ing Bflhhigf N1ecimeastysiaboreynowvattreoeersraci,pospmtsleauynccbhetysothatiaphntpevlohclyveoedSb,athsiuulfseicstiheOelLGtTVmitonsihGleiTsErioCoamhnpeaacirpfirtEeysF? lBleeeTelaaitrtidiesnsgoafndporinotuostthheetrpiroables famrsetesapdeciofFics, in Coit time 8% Ly ohpere PRancuifggJolaensadsf,eludeizdi,nthtorhnoeeuagmhmioautnmetitotfharvroefuagahotfo7nte5heAsuerCfarcLe dcaptianofetrhetporaes ei boy atoiong SMuabetriecraifaheleeatidpoefdr 2miihnnecuhte`ePsesoPtfFpwearstmqeeuraa:brielLiot0y0ceeriar81g8e5trrsiiset5it0csrspuecctinuDofrided6dh ilp i tytheyTihmepot rtanr t pe rompemretn ryocfialtsheaFviaoinrleoadubsleiAnUtE0,sieisGcaJomcmoemrreprohretlits BDlhabyy noprecisointnhnveeeorcnytliyfnincgeottooreositriessfaanidn1. HOCoLne fEeodctaoet2i0%on are and leh ig en pallyI weak and cannot oved {10% are mot commrerecaiallllyy available ith a praciceatl,11lre0gnigotths: 0 RHiagytinjnDScpUeeEceifeaalnlliyatnhmaoedfxeturuabpce.t wisatperrobBabtly thre ealieBnELSG oeploaen2 tedpH alSln.et yp es the UF m y Ro Yond lelnegntghtsh ooff 1122 ii nch Bent cogging ad auAtoNreNntLEEERE hicha onal",pi inlets wi ee 4 lBoienon,n Saroe,nt IAEaSnPernotinnAkiBidTheeepofrroatbe e0E Sanhe SsaAET piEe0 Be ARE RE = RET TIREE mon ac pet | | || 1 | 11 ii 11 i Leg 7 I aw i ; &a | o'u A fin 0g5 #i = a 11001122..00111155 111166 ---- i WASTE WATER RREECCLLAAlMYA[ATTIIOONN WASTE WATER No ~~ me, | | Ns 2 Ra 4 Na N Figure 3. Figure .2. Photograph Photograph of of TTyyppiiccaall PPrroobbeess Tested, Tcst, ed. 1012..0011116 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION WASTE wATER RECLAhIATION ; 1u177 2 TR || |~ EwQo 8 F- 0 oo > po2i= iSto w DO ~i-e %= & B h = 3= & 2a8fro o 83,85 25| 2 wis fz zo e oe o n58& : 3: w wh wz I Bi a Ouk whaz Rwil6 0-o42 z a 2 5 2Z825%:2cc 25%2zm E88g E 8Zv55||,J 2 Ne R2gEEBnEeeezouA ngewyEr | 77 E wz BE r Eros A| 5.8.22 2 z i % gZ: 2g:i sl < | of o 24 5 o 2 fl::i w 22s =Ww E2 wv2vose5Ze Liaylleg 0s 2250 |: bQoBG32u88aiglEe42 Ge Se . a 2E 2 ~ lTeint 0@St 00 P 11001122..00111177 111188 WASTE WASTE WATER RECLANATION WATER RECLAI%IATION ASE re om art bn ree 44.. HHyyddrraauulliiccss ooff SSaammpplliinngg ssiooniialTZleeiicsnsnottttnootPPttarhrhiooenecceepperdrrduo3our0bbreeeec..wwmaahsAAsinmmgnhaadiiadnneenvvdeewwssi2tittt8iihhggeaaaatmtiiccoooionnnlluudoomimffannmttoeohhftfeeeYYrppo,oalalwtoottitelletorrhoannamamooMccffaaanrfrfledelofflowuuwellrllffyyr2ro-ppompaamcockkuttheenhdeded ipffpnrrrrooooambbmceeottpphnhlleetaaaccitteneooddeppriin3n((0FFaaiichghgmoouurrrrhiieezzissgoohnn11ttaaaaanllnndppddoo2ss82i2i)tt)cii..moonnTTioonaattdmmttiehhaeaeemassccueueetrrneneetrte,etrtrwhhooeeiftfhcctthhhhaeaeaM nnccggooaeenunsstdtaaliiiiennnnreerpp2r,r,r-eep11sso44ssuuuecnrrmmdee otocciccpuus*rrrrwiiennrgge tFiipgsu4rewe4.re iipnnlatthcheeed ssaoobiilolvsseoo,lluubtetiilooonnw,aaassnaad rrteeosstuulhltet Apllsaoc,edtoabcoonvter,obleltohwe ,daonwdnwtoarthde ssooiiffddeetthhooeeff ttsshhaaeemmpppplrrlioionnbbggee,,,, flow through tho atatessennsssshhiioooowmwmonnetteeiinrnr column, the bFbboyoigtttCutooormlememoo4af.fnAtt.hhlees(oRcc,eootflloueumrmcenonnncwwteraaos3sl )sst5uhubbejjeedccottweeddnwttooarttdeennfsslioioownn tiihnnrotthuheeghmmatanhnneneecrrolddueemssccnrr,iibbtheeded b`mmwyiiiwnTntChuwuosoasoln55essmieecenrmmraiii,tne,eissiLa.lee(ooR.,ff,seowwttlfeieeuisstttrtthhesisonaawwnceppeetororesees3nii)sttmm.iii~vavoaedendeppoe:rfr:ee1s((s011ss)u)uerrmee~W,ii/inrinttehhttphhreeaaennsppeeeiinrnrntcciioittoiilnlaaagallttaiissnnoocggllouunlltitdiiqiqioouutnniiiddottene;s nnaaassnndiiddvooenn(r(22soo))eff twttctoeoaenisntssessha,aiiommoatnnpnhpssleliiinw~nyniveiggteeriralbbeedlyysaaammoppnpelpeudlalaitinineesosdsodn,l,ooutffataeinnnppoddasan,ni,nosspn.aa.rffeTIottsneenfsrr1eue0aareeccesschhttmawabss,ebeellrrrireiesiispehehssrmrmeeaaeescnenonntrntuudtmmioeonbdffbg.eeeerraqTquhuoociefifollniddibdidbiarffriitfftiueiaeoumrrmneeonnnaiittnndyppvirereeeoasorlbccbsdheehes cafTaTaarraaesiebbenll,esseerhthho1Ioa,e,wwsnnwywaiiietiitlnhhnrdefFttFahehinireeggdeuunvvrrscaaeeoellluuu55eed.t.ssaiotTTnccuhhoomerper.rrreeessccAsootltslleesuuudodtrt,ieioottonfonwulerrpplreerreffeeseessrcrrsseauucltterorooeerddttedhidhdaaeeat.gtaarbbTaoohaamttetrrstoeeomdmiappltrlrooaueeffsssoteettrnnhnhatteetyeeiiddneccgooldniinn.san- ttttt(ahyyhcipepelniioeccllseaeraeflfdlttasossaafeetrrtt)aee, oofttfarhehnddeefdaeasstrttoeoaahlnlouuaacsttrreeiieeooonndssnahhpptotourrhwweemesnsnss.ruuiiinrAgnreehlFFstssioiwffgg,ohouuufeurrunnneelddl144,0.wws5chIIhannecelennmFFitdipthgghrieaueuogrrbppeereraroom4t4bbesntteehsheiejiislsolnm nuiiunsinnmsotonrbppaabepeeterpirrrnalasstigtiievoovdnneae.. paa(frfcffelTTeoeshcchsetteeeneedcddddeoaattftootfoaa)f,ssoaptpohrnmrmeeedeessteetdhdenneoenttgesgsereiddreeooeemrrneeebtbffteheeyyrrrennrtttoooiiognpnsu.hou.ontnnnilHwlifyyfooohwreooremnmnnveieei1ttr0yssy,o5oiiiilclntnmhtteysyspooppirreielole,,sbppueaaalanntcctddsekkniiansmmnrigogoeornreaaebonnioesvddlveiaeorpbbrwypy.uwwldieteterhhdrfeeeey.. bbpeereccsleloonssceeellyyorrfeeppthrreeesseteennnttasatitoiivmveeetooeffr aatccitptuusa.all~ffIiioeewllddevcceoornn,dditithtiieoonnsrse,.sults are believed to FcchihIIgaannnunttrggeeeeerrpp6iirrnneeitltssaalootutllsiiuuotottrnniiasosot.n.ens,pprTTrfeehhossreessuuesrsxriieeaggmnnffpioiolffllieilcloc,aoawnwntciichneneeggeooaaqffppupipttllhlhiiieeccbaartddtiiiaauootmtnnaasoooiiffslsuttthiihnineeoddnipipccrrpaaoorttbbeeeeseddsuttebbernsyyesssiiototohnhnee.e.. ascFcsoopuuilprglruuliiutntinriigegoeodnnoo6tnnpperirnlaeealssusivvsssoeuuetnrrrrrtaeteiiitscceiiasass1ll,m0m5fpipiolnlnearauumnnses.eex55aTppm,cheeemremrpppldeetteenr,enndnatdssiwhiiiciecooununnleglaq,a((rru55wit{lhecoiomibmcrtthhipphueoeomsissippitrtrtsiioovyovbbpeeleeiu,c,pptiarrwowleenhsshfesseopuunnrrrreeemtts))hhoseeusaatrnniiennddsciittttooiihhadcmeel-l bbaataihpppinnepppaarlrcttioohieioxxaodininnmmssgteaeaoontstffseeiisscconoonaanpnnndrdiieseeitstggii1sogog0unn-s5rsssheh,,caamasspprhhe.eeooTwccwguuhsrsreretvtvahheetdaaertwwtraiwttibththehiheenliigollttow,sosccwaatuupphssheeeiffcxxpoohrrbbroeeiaabsnneeggetaiyaittvvtphhheeiannctntahhpplaeorrbefeppoossrvrrssooeuub,bmrereee,o. sccHHthheeaacnnonnccmggeee,e-, tzczhoohenanTTtnthchaagehleleallccniiihhngnnaaeeennssgpgopieleeenusrsrtpppiaaereollnenonodsdnnsipgigucrcureuaaelslasallairuirnrnreeetteoogooarttffpehhpacceerotoeonppnrxsrrsitoobtbaambeennael,ott,tweahhasryryteedhdareriioolllsplolsutrugtaosasattbttrriireiaccattttehhhhemdedeaiaancdiidn,n,afbuFFii.o.ineievg.gt,,euui.oorronneen aa77o..fhhToTotrhrhhiieee.- | bbIdcdifihiillssatiitttnthaayyignnsecacaceenniudndffrrrvtosthohoememelsuiitttnenhihoixieetttniirppaaarplrlpoorssobebooelsell,as,uututaateriinndeooddnntaoiipppssarprpeeprpsrsorossooxiuubbnirrmaateebb,,arllteyayaepsssrddwweeeaestetleeelllonlrrmtgaamissaiinrnnbgbieetyyhzddemttbrbhhoiyyeecptatarfhhppueeeppsnlslssciiuooeteiriiddlolenppttceeoehnonrramssfmniiegoteohaenna.e,.-. ~aptIpfhhrnreoeodtchbbcoeeitorshrrttecreeeeunnsssrsspapviiomooeonpnnnidldsddiiieinnnissxgggtttdurudiparrsribpbsotssotcaaletntnahshcctseeeeedtffffllhrotroeoowowrmaemppfpattoahhtorteetetienepprrtrrrnenroosebbuiipnlneerteoisiosssnneislslinytnyiltlnlaailnessssggmmmlmaiazalaglelllillr,l.bolooTTperrhhruldluesiiissm,ms,situitttthuhreeereeddbacaarrphpneepapcgglneiliiiogoeetnneddo,,, ttahhneedggteehnneeerrsaaallmffpllolowiwngppaatpttrtoeercrnne.s.s therefore results in negligible disturbance to A tenslometer tip is essentially ~ tiny probe connected to a manometer leg, which there- fore measures the pressure existing in the soil solution at the location of the tip. +nSiOmmiathtadeapaieFateanlaisoon' u(5 n(haBdbyaVsearofitnhecolin, Where.Cibfeeheatm woud The method ~pplies tension to the base of the column, where otherwise water would Eatution presses a be hanged nithe enatin ig eas to bade ped accumulate in ~ "static mound." By varying the tension ~pplied to the base, the initial soil solution pressures may be changed at will. 11001122..00111188 WwAASsTTEE WWAATTEERR RECLAMATION RECLAMATION 11199 120 / 100 / | E50 / | 2 1 3 co y A | i 20 i ! ks 40 TS =-5 i 18 of 3 5 Tg == ++ IO10CCMM 3 I Bee 90 = a i Eo /l , ] 440O i : YI5ELD6 OF 8PROIB0E IN ML P2EOR 3 YIELD OF PROBE IN ML PER HoUR iB ; FFiigruures5e5.. CuuervveessSShhoowwiinnggTYiielsds ffoorr VVaarriioouss FPrrobee Tse Tensions. I |1 B B 38 un 1001122..00111199 120 WASTE WATER RECLAMATION WASTE WATER RECLAMATION SOIL SOLUTICONh HWEAATDERATABTVOAVaREInO1AUSSETINsicoMoETmERmSTATIONS SOIL SOLUTION IN CM TABLE I HEAD AT VARIOUS TENSIOMETER STATIONS WATER ABOVE BASE OF COI.UMN EEE A. Initial Solution Pressure at Probe = +5 cm Tension applied to probe in cm water Tensiometer oostation eT A mSP R E el mLe eiShk eeE i e S fes aGsoieenl I JlaT S a i--e --E e--G has--selee Lafe B 0 101055 6"00 2 25 23.4 27.5 18.1 18.0 17.7 22.2 25.0 24.8 22.9 22.7 25.1 11.8 15.9 15.6 17.8 22.6 23.4 21.5 23.2 27.0 16.7 18.0 17.9 20.6 24.3 24.7 23.4 23.4 27.3 18.3 18.7 18.7 21.8 25.0 25,1 23.8 t~. Initial Solution Pressure at Probe z --10 cm 0 23.7 28.0 20.7 19.6 19,5 23.3 25.7 25.7 24.4 ar Tensiometer station Tension applied to probe in cm water o ws [ 5 1s 37.5 85 115 Bete idl + we14.4 12.0 i eats 12.7 8.3 6.3 --2.1 5,9 a4.3 Sr A3.4 7.2 " or9.1 hl 8.5 1.4 A 2.8 a Eo 2.1 --12.4 --3.9 --3.9 --1.2 or6.1 47.4 --20.5 Li--3.4 ----2.0 Et te Veen rt pre I1.0 9.3 4.9 NOTE. All tests made with a two-pound Mandler filter having an estimated average pore size of 1~, 13.2 --7.0 Hg--9.1 el---6.9 iCrgs--7.5 1.4 11001122..0011220 `WWAASSTTEE W WAATTEERR RREECCIL~AAM~IAATTIIOONN 112211 3z 2aw > Ar 3 | ! m Ei 51 : | goegyea;l T: z 2E2B2=s k ] ggrey Ba2rE2 2222y84 Ee og o "T 20 :z = :2>; | 35 i2 1001122..00112211 122 W `WAASSTTEE ~WWAATTEERR RREECCLLAAM MAATTIIOONN 2 3S2 on wd 02 . A 3 mio Q 2Z O 8otrr s5 7 56 d30 2 rire eed wD 0 oio O ERE 3os wSBw JawRP=R of SeETin ft O EzSZ LEzYZd 2 2 AoifeN ~ iE i O o 2 Es i SLv `NOISN3L 10S NI JONVHO 2%2 ge 83 o he ws Lv `'NNOOIISSNN33L wg 5 7 4 2 / 7A4 owCy i 8o =5 : a 1.B2eBEEl5l8 T sl E . Je wit | Su 5a E deE qoE z he Ee NS = z op ----T 1. 1-]l0OSS NNII 33O9NVHY3 11001122..00112222 - | 123 i 2, he yicld of WASTE WATER RECLAMATION (Wi:gure 5) appears tobe logariitthymiacnfdunicntitiioanl abil B ooinetioGnanpdreasnsuT rpe.robTe ehetgeirneseaittoeenr,r en for hthee a&ppglihiveeedntrepesnorgsiioliobonepnedtrbiemesnectsuoirombneesdth)De,rgobrgureteasttsehirevetilhnye- CbE oolI esm. iTine os sStueheamnlevngitolldneJerease in `aphpleieodrder nalytical testing. of 20 ml per Your, but 15 beginning 3 ee most a bowMlisicnelglanmeoeulgsnspe1Tendnlaygete SITAsahpiriepsvrioobmueasylAynbdenotrceeudan:dnielpcytrieinccgotmtopuulnbtiiisnlhgewdwaitbteYhr 4| BoB iwste rlony trneaiiinenge oll aleobbe.by thbe seoil. means of & hand ine, initial water ust be div s i | piPnaseceheowmitdhiydscpartdrheedtopoabrceoefbmoeernetinprisooppneeercraetsSisnuointns:yoP,dI{ishTueesm"tislclhwleboerreiddemelaibdvreeirneewd,itmahTenaodasudapergrtiaoenibrnge- A% 5 fiS Rltle 8h ioona h dfi leddiswpwiltah yrio nefete hee esfiieudenitn qdeisltiivlelreeddWbEy Ethebyprfoobuer,.wTihthe 4 i Benuoth)aarpepSeslaihleocdwonnpdruoicbnteiFvtiiegtnyusrieoon 10nA d ingdiscaatpelithnagtisthecloaselny eequtaolbe dis ge lDisoaextLimoenepnofteethde`aompdrrooifftess8a`sbtMseeogncsiiinLaontniendmatyubibneg:"ocotmp,lishohfeodtttibym.3 atSveaereaongfuemas | 1 PSoaeun Poth A pusnepd,atbhiieansiftnleeoawddwisi. tihrraeghualanrgibnugt coovelr"& `period ro i clusions Thcey. inn conventient msjamp! enesdkevic`eTahwe0hcicocnhefoixzturoraacttilsonows`aeotfeetrxhefirsyom=t | Bi edeane Bul poswfaonrdmipnrgesasueres in fovated zone aa wlell ipnltaonewhich ofde of the tension mVdOieeYrdzmratoolu,fndeexwPtaeOtneEdriiinssg i| BPEeF otcvoo,irabtoohotamtp1ete0hnee,mvotlfhuremoemLootrmrheeeupgiroeonfboSiyoll Aaffectepdlpiirnobgesetroen?s ofectssotnht alt bPB JA gonera) Mh the oriimaen otdtiitont`totihebreosuagphpltiheesdoitlo the probe will depend ri {1 nsion mate on Sre an i 4 BoReaoncernmeeae obnilhtetype,ecoatmlhmeotnpteeiromgneatbuibbliiinngtg:y, iaolfnydtaethpepplruioeibdetBsooiflaasmiieofdnp# erhaPngrobe er ap Bephaipe ehouer. porosity . and Tenet go fase IS ET TE Reclamation of | 1t 20 ml per oyAmola,. 0. B. Hedger,anWd- TB aaRnEddFREaRnnE,NtCAs:ESin R1e4porRtngeUlees on htehe ReCovel ltormin m 2 YUCannnpomteenalrttbiitnsrpodmetrReepworaPtgserofosocleUs2 Ronse nfpCaletioroneictrt:ammtaoetia oepna8 iGnsAD)). te $0 il 3, pCoatimnann,2N8. A A LaborL ers S53R 11001122..00112233 112244 W `WAASSTTEE W WAATTEERR RREECCLLAA~MCA[ATTIIOONN CCOONNDDUUCCTITVIVIITTYY IINN MHOS/CM x 103 MHOS/CM x I0 oo nN s 0 0 3h I FDLu<Em Sas aa p > is gO to f a i 2 foo} ry 2 fos Eg S :7mat 0 5g TM[P ir 0 x) 83 of 3n =O @ m Bo oE0 mShn a le =i) om 2nell :7: o 4 o2f2 I3r3 E5Eii mSS Dm 3 >i o 6 o 2 a I~= 3 i m > z o 11001122..00112244 | [ 11001122..00112255