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CERAMIC ABSTRACTS 1956 Charles S. Pearce, Editor Mary J. Gibb, Associate Editor M. Geraldine Smith, Assistant Editor Mary A. Orthoefer, Editorial Assistant Mary Weigelt Rohr, Indexer Committee on Publication;: C. H. Hahner. Chairman; W. Raymond Kerb, J. 0. Everhart, and E. P. McNamara Technical Adviser: MabCHE K. Reshr Compiled by The American Ceramic Society, Inc. 4055 North High Street Columbus 14 9 Ohio 1MJ Ceramic Abstracts .'unjust Chemical process and product. Ralph K. Ilex i I*!. 1. tlu Font dc Ncnmurs i C" i. U. S. 2,739,074. March 2(J. 1956.-- l. A Milid consisting esscntuilly nf substrate particles of inurganic sili Method of sample burning lor microchemical combustion analysis. Hall II. Siierriuk : li. II. Airgent \ (J,. i. U. 3. 2,743.005, May l. j [j ceous material having an average specinc surface area of 1 to '.`("I m.Vgm. and an average particle diameter gTeater than abuut ! mu and having chemically bound to the silicon atoms on the sur face of the particles at least KM) - OR groups per l(M) mu: of surface area of the siliceous material, where R is a substituted hydrocarbon radical in winch the carbon attached to oxygen is also attached to at least one hydrogen atom, the substituted hydriurarbon radical liaving a neutral-reacting electron donor electronegative atom attached to a carbon atom at least 1 carbon atom removed from the oxygen atom of the --OR gmup. the electronegative atom being selected from the class consist ing of nitrogen, oxygen, and halogens having an atomic number above 9. each R radical having 2 to 18 carbon atoms. D J.B. / Molybdena catalyst. Klt.ene F. Schu-ar;enbek ' M 'V Kvllngg C.. . U. S. 2,739.133, March 20. I95ri --I. A coinposition comprises a mixture ..f a subsuntiallv halogen-free component containing a catalytic agent seiected from the group consisting t.f molybdenum and an nx-.ric thereof and a halogencontaining component containing a catalytic agent selected from the group consisting of molybdenum and an oxide thereof. D.J.B Preparation of alkali metal double fluorides of zirconium and hafnium. Eugene Wainer (United States of America as repre sented by .the United States Atomic Energy Commission). U. S. 2,743.160 and U. S. 2,743,162, April 24. 1956. D.J.B. Continuous partition chromatography. Takeru Higuchi Process of preparing colloidal silica aquasols. Lyman s (C. ?. Hall Co ). U. S. 2.743,818, May 1. 1950. D J.B. Allen (Monsanto Chemical Co.). U. S. 2,741,600, April m. Couiometric titration. Donald D. I)e Ford and James X. 1956. -- 1. A process of preparing stable silica aquasols enntain- Pitts. Jr. ( Research Corp). U. S. 2,744,061, May 1. 1956.-- 1. ( ing dispersed colloidal siiica particles comprises subjecting a An indirect couiometric titration method comprises forming two -thixotropic agglomerate of colloidal silica and water to shear force streams of a reagent solution from a common source, passing a of suilicicot intensity to disperse the thixotropic agglomerate to a direct current through the reagent solution between separate stable colloidal solution. D.J.B. electrodes positioned in the two streams mi opposite sides of the common source to continuously form an anolyte component in one of the streams and a catholyte component in the other stream, passing one of the streams into an unknown batch solu tion so that chemical reaction occurs between an electrolyte component of the stream and an ingredient of the unknown solu tion. determining the end point of the reaction, and determining the total quantity of electricity used to generate the electrolyte component consumed in the reaction. D.J.B. Manufacture of supported catalysts. Fredrick J. Rieol (Universal Oil Products Co.). U. S. 2,739,132, March 20. 1956.--8. The method of preparing a catalyst comprising alumina, halogen, molybdenum sulfide, and cobalt sulfide com- prises forming a composite of alumina and halogen, separately mixing permoiybdic acid and cobalt nitrate, commingling the resultant mixture with the composite of alumina and halogen, heating the resultant composite to a temperature of about 500" n > Product and process. Max T Goeuel (E. 1. du Pont de Nemours Sc Co ). U. S. 2,739,077, March 20. 1956.--1. A solid of the type described previously ("Chemical process and product." this issue) has chemically bound tn the silicon atoms mi the surface of the particles at least 50 --0CH.(CF;),X groups |>er KM) uni* of surface area of the siliceoas material, where X is a member of the group consisting of hydrogen and fluorine and n is an integer from I to 17. D.J.B. Product and process. Edward C. Broge (E. I. du Pont de Nemours Sc Co.;. U. S. 2,739,078, March 20, 1950. -- 1. A solid isee previous abstract) has chemically bound to the silicon atoms on the surface of the particles at least 100 --0R0-- groups per 100 m* of surface area of the siliceous material, where R is a bivalent hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 18 carbon atoms in which each of the carbon atoms attached to oxygen is also at tached to at least one hydrogen atom. D.J.B. to 1200"F. to convert the acid and nitrate to the oxides, and Product and process. Ralph X. Iler (E. I. du Pont de sulfiding the latter to form a catalyst comprising alumina, com Nemours Sc Co.). U. S. 2,739,075 and CJ. S. 2,739,076, March 20, bined haingen. molybdenum sulfide, and cobalt sulfide. D.J.B. 1950. D.J.B XIV--General and Historical Ceramic production and ceramic industry of the Philippine . perature. rate of stirring. pH value of solvent, and concentration Islands. Schmidt-Lamsbrg. Euro-Ceram., 6 [81 78-79(1956). of NaCl in solvent. The experimental results suggest that the --Historical and development data. M.Ha. solvent attacks oniy the parts of the surface more weakly at Ceramic technician surrey. R. S. Du Fresnk. Am. Ceram. tached to the body of the quartz particles, the strength of the Soe. Bull.. 35 |6| 248 11956).--Results of the survey confirm the ^ binding of these parts to the particle having been weakened dur belief that a technician training program is needed and would ing grinding -and by hydration. The dissolution of quartz dust be beneficial to the industry. is therefore regarded as an etching of the surface, confined to Get me a foreman, quick. A. E. Currier. Am. Ceram. Soe. loctl areas, rather than as a general dissolution involving the Bull., 35 (0| 252-33 (1956).--Before foremen can be used they _ whule surface. No significant differences in solubility were must be intelligently selected and trained. The expense of a found between freshly ground quartz dust and the same dust foreman training program is much less than the cost of inefficient "aged" by prolonged expusure to air. 25 references. V.R.E. operation. Units of weight and measure--definitions and tablea of equiva Research--the key to progress. Loran S. O'Bannon. J. /t lents. L. V. Jcdson. .Wail. 3ur. Standards Misc. Publ.. No. Can. Ceram. Soc., 24, 7-12 (1955).--Eight ways in which research 214 (supersedes No. 121. 1936 ) 64 pp. (1955). Govt. Printing can help the individual or the company are listed. Advantages Office. Washington 25. D. C. 40e.--The units of length, mass, of contracting with an independent outside laboratory arc stressed. area, volume, and capacity are denned with approved spellings Snne of the accomplishments attained in ceramics through re- -- and abbreviations, and tables of interrelations and equivalents search are presented. R.W.C. in the metric system are given. V.R.E. Solubility of quartz dost. A. J. Bbal and A. L. Godbbrt. Ministry Fuel and Power (Brit.), Safety in Mines Research Etta/)., Research Rept., No. 115, 22 pp. (1955); abstracted in J. Appi. BOOK Chem. (London). 5 [10| ii-475 (1955).--As part of the investiga Automatic Factory--A Critical Examination. Stephen A. tion of the causes of silicosis, the dependence of solubility and rate June. John D. Bardis. Lee H. Lukio. Leonard S. Polanb*. of dissolution of quartz dust nn the following factors was studied: Oystein Sagedahl. Herbert A. Skenar. and Bernard K. density of dust suspension in solvent (water or dilute NaCl). -- Ybnktn. Instruments Publishing Co.. Pittsburgh 12. Pa. 88 fineness of the dust within the respirable size range (<5), tem- pp. SI. 50. 2.5-4 Ceramic Abstracts November zone based upon a total regeneration pressure of 1 atm. absolute pressure. D/.B. Relieving mechanism for use with analytical balances. George F. Hoosman (L. Oertling. Ltd.). U. S. 2,732,146, June 26. 1956. D.J.B. Uranium products and methods of using. Louis Spiegler (United States of America as represented by the United States Atomic Energy Commission! U. S. 2,759,739, Aug. 21. 19.56.__ 1. The method of convening uranium peroxide to a water- soluble uranium product comprises reacting the uranium per- oxide with an aqueous atltal: carbonate solution at a pH between 7.6 and 10.S. D.J 3. XIV--General ind Historical Aluminum on fiber glass protects at high temperatures. Anon. Cottage and small scale industries. B. L. Majl-mosr. Indian Ceram. Ind., 66 [3[ 75--76 (1956); Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 33 (9) -0 Ceramics. 2 ijj I7S-32 (1955).--Activities of the Government of 387 (1956).--A suit designed to protect the wearer at I500*F. for India for developing the cottage and small-scale industries are several minutes consists of aluminum over fiber glass. With given chronologically- On the recommendation of the Ford properly selected suits workers can stay 15 to 20 min. in areas Foundation Team on Small-Scale Industries, the Government has having a temperature of 700* to 300*F. Fresh air is supplied by __ decided to set up regional institutes, a marketing service corpora means of artificial "lungs" or oxygen generating equipment. tion. and a small scale industries corporation. Manufacturers Suits have been successfully used in making hot repairs or clean of scientific glass apparatus. Dressed ware (glass), thermal fiasks. ing out wrecks in enamel furnaces and whiteware kilns. Workers etc., are included in the approved list of small industries. have stayed up to 4 rain, in furnaces at I400F. and up to 2 min. c in a furnace at 1500F. Uses in the glass field as well as in B.L.M. Economic advantages of insulating factory buildings. W. 5. enamel and whiteware kilns are pointed out. 2 photos. T.H.E. Brydon. Fuel Econ. Rev., 1936, pp. 79-82. 2 figures. Building materials. A. H. Thornelob and G. H. Whitinc. Repts Progr. Appl. C'ncm., 39, 62-82 (1954).--A survey is made __ V.R.E. Economy in electricity. H. J. Gibson. Fuel Ecm. Rev., of progress in building materials, including cement, concrete, 1936, pp. 39-54.--The cost of electricity rarely exceeds 4% of the clay, and clay products, lime. etc. 364 references. V.R.E. cost of a finished product, but economies can be ejected. 14 Cement economy in South Africa. X. SroTTEJUtBisc and figures. V.R.E. M. F. Kaplan. Natl. Bldg. Research Inst. Bull. (Pretoria), d Interrelation of technology and management in modern in 1956, N'o. 14. pp. 1-8.--The present position in the Union of dustry. Edward Meich. Aui Congr. Intern. Vetro, 3rd Congr., South .Africa is briefly outlined, and proposals for overcoming Venice, 1933, pp. 150-63.--The need for well-trained technolo the present shortage are suggested. A possible solution is the gists and managers in industry is stressed. Problems of integra increased manufacture and use of alternative materials, such as -- tion of the work of scientists and managers are examined, and cements containing blast-fumace slag or fly ash. 1 figure. 17 consideration is given to the application of scientific method to references. V.R.E. industrial problems (operational research), quality control, work Ceramic materials. Ano.v. Ceram. Ind., 66 [1/ 83-160 measurement, job evaluation, the scientific selection and train (1956).--Formulas, physical characteristics, properties, and uses e ing of managers, and the function of development and design in of ceramic materials lor the production of enamels, glass, and pot industrial administration. The social responsibility of manage tery are given. T.H.E. ment toward the consumer and the worker is discussed. 17 refrr- Ceramics and atomic energy. Victor R. Palmers. Ccrdmica ences. (Sio Paulo), 2 [5| 7-9 (1956).--Properties and uses of ceramic __ Need for research in the ceramic industry. Herbert J. materials in atomic energy work are reviewed. 4 photos. Rolxb. Cerdmtca (S3o Paulo). 2 [5| 2-6(1956).--R. summarizes V.R.P. the advantages of planned and constant research programs in Ceramics in industry--present and future. E. J. Smoke and ceramic plants. V.R.P. J. H. Koe.vic. Ceram. Ind.. 66 f4) 147-50 (1956).--Industrial j Norwegian Institute fof Silicate Science) has research of apoiicaiions and properties of ceramics are discussed. 6 figures. interest to ceramists. William J. K.vapp. Am. Ceram. Soc. T.H.E. Bud.. 35 (9) 362 (1956). Ceramics and refractories. S. W. Ratclippe. Repts. Progr. Outline of the pottery industry of Japan. T. .V. Skarma. A ppi. Chem.. 39, 44-56 (1954 ).--Progress in ceramics and refrac- -- Indian Ceramics. 2 13} 169-77 (1955).--Tracing the present de tories during 1954 is reviewed, especially (a) ceramics for use in velopment of pottery in Japan. S. discusses its national economy, jet engines (pure oxides, cermets, carbides, nitrides, metal bonds, regional distribution. scale of production, operational size of the graphite, and ceramic coatings) and (5) ceramics in atomic energy units, condition of raw materials, fuel, equipment, -wages, labor work (ceramic materials as diluents in reactors, as moderators, g situation, etc., giving statistical information. The pottery in and as shields to conserve neutrons). Also reviewed are clays and dustry of Japan comprises mostly small units. 44.3% of the fac other raw materials, electronic ceramics, glazes and enamels, re tories employing less than four workers. Each small unit is fractories, analytical and physical measurements, and firing. 75 owned and managed independently but performs only one step references. V.R.E. -- in the manufacturing process. 3 figures. B.L.M. Ceramics without vitreous phase. G. Bigler. Chimie Sr Industrie. 74, 1163-74 (1955); abstracted in J. Appl. Chem. (London). 6 (4| i-535 (1956).--Polycrystalline ceramics, with no vitreous phase, are prepared by sintering, i.e.. solid-state reac- h tion. The mechanism of agglomeration and recrystallization is BOOK discussed. Methods of fabrication, characteristics, and ap plications of the following types are described: superrefractory Battersea Works 1836-1936. R. Bennett. Published by oxides, sulfides, carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides, cermets. -- Morgan Crucible Co.. Ltd., London. 1958. 67 pp.. 40 illus.--A and insulating, ferromagnetic, and semiconducting ceramics. record of the development of crucible manufacture in England. V.R.E. A.B.S.