Document jBedD07Vmox5zGoqNRdY0QpzR

1910.95--OCCUPATIONAL NOISE EXPOSURE (a) Protection against the effects of noise exposure shall be provided when the sound levels exceed those shown in Table G-16 when measured on the A scale of a standard sound level meter at slow response. When noise levels are determined by octave band analysis, the equivalent A*weighted sound level may be determined as follows: Table G-16--Pekmxssxblx 'Koise Exposures1 Sound level &BA slots Duration per day, hours response B.............................................. 00 6.......................................................... 93 4.............................................. 05 3 ................................................ 97 2....................................... ........100 1 Vt ........................................................ 102 1................................................ 105 K ------------------------ no Va or less............................. 115 `When the daily noiae exposure is composed of two or more periods of noise exposure of different levels, their combined effect should be considered, rather then the indi* vidual effect of each. If the sum of the following fractions: Ct/Ti + Ci/T*...C/T exceeds unity, then, the mixed ex* posurq should be considered to exceed the limit value. C> indicates the total time of exposure at a specified-noise level, and T indicates the tots) time of exposure permitted at that level. Titvtn CO (AND CENTER FREQUENCE IN CYCLES PER SECOND Equivalent sound level contours. Octave band sound pres* sure levels may be converted to the equivalent A-weighted sound level by plotting them on this graph and notingtbe A-weighted sound level corresponding to the point of high est penetration into the sound level contours. This equival ent A-weighted sound level, which may differ from the ac tual A-weighted sound level of the noise, is used to deter mine exposure limits from Table G-16. Change 19 143 1910.95(a) DO A 038511 CONFTDFNTTAI 1910.95(b) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (b) (1) When employees are subjected to sound ex ceeding those listed in Table G-16, feasible ad ministrative or engineering controls shall be utilized. If such controls fail to reduce sound levels within the levels of Table G-16, personal protective equipment shall be provided and used to reduce sound levels within the levels of the table. Exposure to impulsive or impact noise should not exceed 140 dB peak sound pressure level. (2) If the variations in noise level involve max ima at intervals of 1 second or less, it is to be considered continuous. hearing conservation program and to enable the proper selection of hearing protectors. (H) Where circumstances such as high work er mobility, significant variations in sound level, or a significant component of impulse noise make area monitoring generally inap propriate, the employer shall use representa tive personal sampling to comply with the monitoring requirements of this paragraph unless the employer can show that area sam pling produces equivalent results. (2) (I) All continuous, intermittent and impul sive sound levels from 80 decibels to 130 deci bels shall be integrated into the noise meas urements. (c) Hearing conservation program. (1) The employer shall administer a continu ing, effective hearing conservation program, as described in paragraphs (c) through (o) of this section, whenever employee noise exposures equal or exceed an 8-hour time-weighted aver age sound level (TWA) of 85 decibels measured on the A scale (slow response) or, equivalently, a dose of fifty percent. For purposes of the hear ing conservation program, employee noise ex posures shall be computed in accordance with Appendix A and Table G-16a, and without re gard to any attenuation provided by the use of personal protective equipment. (2) For purposes of paragraphs (c) through (n) of this section, an 8-hour time-weighted aver age of 85 decibels or a dose of fifty percent shall also be referred to as the action level. (d) Monitoring. (I) When information indicates that any em ployee's exposure may equal or exceed an 8* hour time-weighted average of 85 decibels, the employer shall develop and implement a moni toring program. (I) The sampling strategy shall be designed to identify employees for inclusion in the (II) Instruments used to measure employee noise exposure shall be calibrated to ensure measurement accuracy. (3) Monitoring shall be repeated whenever a change in production, process, equipment or controls increases noise exposures to the extent that: (I) Additional employees may be exposed at or above the action level; or (ii) The attenuation provided by hearing pro tectors being used by employees may be ren dered inadequate to meet the requirements of paragraph (j) of this section. () Employe* notification. The employer shall notify each employee exposed at or above an 8hour time-weighted average of 85 decibels of the results of the monitoring. (f) Observation of monitoring. The employer shall provide affected employees or their repre sentatives with an opportunity to observe any noise measurements conducted pursuant to this section. (g) Audlometrlc testing program. (1) The employer shall establish and maintain an audiometric testing program as provided in this paragraph by making audiometric testing 1910.95(gMl) ) Chance 31 00 A 030F.17 OONFTDENTTAl OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH available to all employees whose exposures equal or exceed an 8-hour time-weighted aver age of 85 decibels. (2) The program shall be provided at no cost to employees. (3) Audiometric tests shall be performed by a licensed or certified audiologist, otolaryngolo gist, or other physician, or by a technician who is certified by the Council of Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Conservation, or who has satisfactorily demonstrated competence in administering audiometric examinations, ob taining valid audiograms, and properly using, maintaining and checking calibration and prop er functioning of the audiometers being used. A technician who operates microprocessor audi ometers does not need to be certified. A techni cian who performs audiometric tests must be responsible to an audiologist, otolaryngologist or physician. (4) All audiograms obtained pursuant to this section shall meet the requirements of Appen dix C: Audiometric Measuring Instruments. (3) Baseline audiogram. (i) Within 6 months of an employee's first exposure at or above the action level, the em ployer shall establish a valid baseline audiogram against which subsequent audiograms can be compared. (II) Mobile test van exception. Where mobile test vans are used to meet the audio metric testing obligations, the employer shall obtain a valid baseline audiogram within 1 year of an employee's first exposure at or above the action level. Where baseline audiograms are obtained more than months after the employee's first exposure at or above the action level, employees shall wear hearing protectors for any period exceeding six months after first exposure until the baseline audiogram is obtained. (Hi) Testing to establish a baseline audiogram shall be preceded by at least 14 hours without exposure to workplace noise. Hear ing protectors may be used as a substitute for the requirement that baseline audiograms 1910JS(gNl) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS be preceded by 14 hours without exposure to workplace noise. (Iv) The employer shall notify employees of the need to avoid high levels of non-occupational noise exposure during the 14-hour peri od immediately preceding the audiometric examination. (6) Annual audiogram. At least annually after obtaining the baseline audiogram, the employ er shall obtain a new audiogram for each em ployee exposed at or above an 8-hour timeweighted average of 85 decibels. (7) Evaluation of audiogram. (i) Each employee's annual audiogram shall be compared to that employee's baseline audiogram to determine if the audiogram is valid and if a standard threshold shift as de fined in paragraph (g)(10) of this section has occurred. This comparison may be done by a technician. (il) If the annual audiogram shows that an employee has suffered a standard threshold shift, the employer may obtain a retest with in 30 days and consider the results of the re test as the annual audiogram. (HI) The audiologist, otolaryngologist, or physician shall review problem audiograms and shall determine whether there is a need for further evaluation. The employer shall provide to the person performing this evalua tion the following information: (a) A copy of the requirements for hearing conservation as set forth in paragraphs (c) through (n) of this section; (b) The baseline audiogram and most re cent audiogram of the employee to be eval uated; (c) Measurements of background sound pressure levels in the audiometric test room as required in Appendix D: Audio metric Test Rooms. (d) Records of audiometer calibrations re quired by paragraph (h)(5) of this section. Change 30 144.1 1910.95<gK7XuiMd) 1910S5<*M8 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (8) Follow-up procedure*. (I) If a comparison of the annual audiogram to the baseline audiogram indicates a stand ard threshold shift as defined in paragraph (g)(10) of this section has occurred, the em ployee shall be informed of this fact in writ ing, within 21 days of the determination. (II) Unless a physician determines that the standard threshold shift is not work related or aggravated by occupational noise expo sure, the employer shall ensure that the fol lowing steps are taken when a standard threshold shift occurs: (a) Employees not using hearing protec tors shall be fitted with hearing protectors, trained in their use and care, and required to use them. (b) Employees already using hearing pro tectors shall be refitted and retained in the use of hearing protectors and provided with hearing protectors offering greater at tenuation if necessary. (c) The employee shall be referred for a clinical audiological evaluation or an otological examination, as appropriate, if ad ditional testing is necessary or if the em ployer suspects that a medical pathology of the ear is caused or aggravated by the wearing of hearing protectors. (d) The employee is informed of the need for an otological examination if a medical pathology of the ear that is unrelated to the use of hearing protectors is suspected. (ill) If subsequent audiometric testing of an employee whose exposure to noise is less than an 8-hour TWA of 90 decibels indicates that a standard threshold shift is not persis tent. the employer: when, in the judgment of the audiologist, oto laryngologist or physician who is evaluating the audiogram: (I) The standard threshold shift revealed by the audiogram is persistent; or (II) The hearing threshold shown in the annu al audiogram indicates significant improve ment over the baseline audiogram. (10) Standard threshold shift. (I) As used in this section, a standard thresh old shift is a change in hearing threshold rela tive to the baseline audiogram of an average of 10 dB or more at 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz in either ear. (II) In determining whether a standard threshold shift has occurred, allowance may be made for the contribution of aging (presbycusis) to the change in hearing level by correcting the annual audiogram accord ing to the procedure described in Appendix F: Calculation and Application of Age Cor rection to Audiograms. (h) Audiometric test requirements. (1) Audiometric tests shall be pure tone, air conduction, hearing threshold examinations, with test frequencies including as a minimum 500, 1000. 2000. 3000, 4000, and 6000 Hz. Tests at each frequency shall be taken sepa rately for each ear. (2) Audiometric tests shall be conducted with audiometers (including microprocessor audiom eters) that meet the specifications of, and are maintained and used in accordance with, American National Standard Specification for Audiometers, S3.6-1969. (a) Shall inform the employee of the new audiometric interpretation; and (b) May discontinue the required use of hearing protectors for that employee. (9) Revised baseline. An annual audiogram may be substituted for the baseline audiogram (3) Fulsed-tone and self-recording audiometers, if used, shall meet the requirements specified in Appendix C: Audiometric Measuring Instru ments. (4) Audiometric examinations shall be admin istered in a room meeting the requirements list ed in Appendix D: Audiometric Test Rooms. 1910.95O)H4l 144.2 Change 30 1 V \ no a C.0WFTr)FNTT A OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.9S0iX5> (9) Audiometer calibration. (i) The functional operation of the audiom eter shall be checked before each day's use by testing a person with known, stable hearing thresholds, and by listening to the audiom eter's output to make sure that the output is free from distorted or unwanted sounds. De viations of 10 decibels or greater require an acoustic calibration. (It) Audiometer calibration shall be checked acoustically at least annually in accordance with Appendix E: Acoustic Calibration of Audiometers. Test frequencies below 500 Hz and above 6000 Hz may be omitted from this check. Deviations of 15 decibels or greater re quire an exhaustive calibration. (Hi) An exhaustive calibration shall be per formed at least every two years in accordance with sections 4.1.2: 4.1.3.: 4.1.4.3; 4.2: 4.4.1: 4.4.2: 4.4.3: and 4.5 of the American National Standard Specification for Audiometers, S3.6-1969. Test frequencies below 500 Hz and above 6000 Hz may be omitted from this calibration. (I) Hearing protectors. (1) Employers shall make hearing protectors available to all employees exposed to an 8-hour time-weighted average of 85 decibels or greater at no cost to the employees. Hearing protectors shall be replaced as necessary. (2) Employers shall ensure that hearing protec tors are worn: (I) By an employee who is required by para graph (b)(1) of this section to wear personal protective equipment: and (ii) By any employee who is exposed to an 8hour time-weighted average of 85 decibels or greater, and who: (a) Has not yet had a baseline audiogr established pursuant to paragraph (g)(5) or <b) Has experienced a standard thresholc* shift. STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (3) Employees shall be given the opportunity to select their hearing protectors from a variety of suitable hearing protectors provided by the employer. (4) The employer shall provide training in the use and care of all hearing protectors provided to employees. (5) The employer shall ensure proper initial fit ting and supervise the correct use of all hearing protectors. (|) Hearing protector attenuation. (1) The employer shall evaluate hearing protec tor attenuation for the specific noise environ ments in which the protector will be used. The employer shall use one of the evaluation meth ods described in Appendix B: Methods for Es timating the Adequacy of Hearing Protection Attenuation. (2) Hearing protectors must attenuate em ployee exposure at least to an 8-hour time weighted average of 90 decibels as required by paragraph (b) of this section. (3) For employees who have experienced a standard threshold shift, hearing protectors must attenuate employee exposure to an 8-hour ' time-weighted average of 85 decibels or below. (4)' The adequacy of hearing protector attenua tion shall be re-evaluated whenever employee noise exposures increase to the extent that the hearing protectors provided may no longer pro vide adequate attenuation. The employee shall provide more effective hearing protectors where necessary. (k) Training program. (1) The employer shall institute a training pro gram for all employees who are exposed to noise at or above an 8*hour time-weighted aver age of 85 decibels, and shall ensure employee participation in such program. (2) The training program shall be repeated an nually for each employee included in the hearing conservation program. Information provid ed in the training program shall be updated to Change 30 144.3 1910.950c X2) D0 A 038515 CONFTOFNTTA1 1910.95&K2) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS be consistent with changes in protective equip ment and work processes. (3) The employer shall ensure that each em ployee is informed of the following: (I) The effects of noise on hearing; (II) The purpose of hearing protectors, the advantages, disadvantages, and attenuation of various types, and instructions on selec tion. fitting, use. and care; and (ill) The purpose of audiometric testing, and an explanation of the test procedures. (l) Access to information and training materials. (1) The employer shall make available to affect ed employees or their representatives copies of this standard and shall also post a copy in the workplace. (2) The employer shall provide to affected em ployees any informational materials pertaining to the standard that are supplied to the employ er by the Assistant Secretary. (3) The employer shall provide, upon request, all materials related to the employer's training and education program pertaining to this standard to the Assistant Secretary and the Di rector. * (m) Recordkeeping. (1) Exposure moosuromonts. The employer shall maintain an accurate record of all em ployee exposure measurements required by paragraph (d) of this section. (2) Audlomotrlc tests. (I) The employer shall retain all employee au diometric test records obtained pursuant to paragraph (g) of this section: (II) This record shall include: (a) Name and job classification of the em ployee; (b) Date of the audiogram; (c) The examiner's name; (d) Date of the last acoustic or exhaustive calibration of the audiometer; and (e) Employee's most recent noise exposure assessment. (f) The employer shall maintain accurate records of the measurements of the back ground sound pressure levels in audio metric test rooms. (3) Record retention. The employer shall re tain records required in this paragraph (m) for at least the following periods. (I) Noise exposure measurement records shall be retained for two years. (II) Audiometric test records shall be re tained for the duration of the affected em ployee's employment. (4) Access to records. All records required by this section shall be provided upon request to employees, former employees, representatives designated by the individual employee, and the Assistant Secretary. The provisions of 29 CFR 1910.20(aMe) and (g)-(i) apply to access to rec ords under this section. (5) Transfer of records. If the employer ceases to do business, the employer shall transfer to the successor employer all records required to be maintained by this section, and the suc cessor employer shall retain them for the re mainder of the period prescribed in paragraph (m)(3) of this section. (n) Appendices. (1) Appendices A. B, C, D, and E to this sec tion are incorporated as part of this section and the contents of these Appendices are manda tory. (2) Appendices F and G to this section are in formational and are not intended to create any additional obligations not otherwise imposed or to detract from any existing obligations. !910.95(nK2) 144.4 Change 30 rjO ) T. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.95<o STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (o) Exemptions. Paragraphs (c) through (n) of this section shall not apply to employers engaged in oil and gas well drilling and servicing opera tions. (p) Startup data. Baseline audiograms required by paragraph (g) of this section shall be complet ed by March 1,1984. APPENDIX A: NOISE EXPOSURE COMPUTATION This Appendix I* Mandatory I. Computation of Employee Noise Exposure (1) Noise dose is computed using Table G- 16a as follows: (I) When the sound level L, is constant over the entire work shift, the noise dose. D. in percent, is given by: D=100 C/T where C is the total length of the work day, in hours, and T is the reference duration corresponding to the measured sound level L. as given in Table G- 16a or by the formula shown as a footnote to that table. (II) When the workshift noise exposure is composed of two or more periods of noise at different levels, the total noise dose over the work day is given by: D=100|Ci/Tj+C3/Tj+. . .-KyT,,). where C,, indicates the total time of exposure at a specific noise level, and T,, indicates the reference duration for that level as given by Table G-16a. (1) The eight-hour time-weighted average sound level (TWA), in decibels, may be computed from the dose, in percent, by means of the formula: TWA= 16,61 logio (D/1001+90. For an eight-hour workshift w<th the noise level constant over the entire shift, the TWA is equal to the measured sound level (1) A table relating dose and TWA is given in Section II. TABLE C-UA A-weighted sound level, L (decibel) Reference duration, T (hour) 80 .......................................................................... 81 .......................................................................... 82 ............................................................................ 83 .......................................................................... 84 ........................................................................... 85 ........................................................................... 86 ........................................................................... 87 ........................................................................... 88 .......................................................................... 89 ........................................................................... 90 ........................................................................... 91 ........................................................................... 92 ........................................................................... 93 ........................................................................... ................................................................................. 32 27.9 24.3 21.1 16.4 16 13.9 12.1 10.6 9-2 8 7.0 6.1 5.3 4.6 TABU O-UA--Continued A-weighted sound leveL L (decibel) 95............................... 96............................... 97............................... 98............................... 99............................... 100............................. 101............................. 102............................. 103............................. 104............................. 105............................. 106............................. 107............................. 108............................. 109............................. 110............................. Ill............................. 112............................. 113............................. 114............................. 115............................. 116............................. 117............................. 118............................. 119............................. 120............................. 121............................. 122............................. 123............................. 124............................. 125............................. 126............................. 127............................. 128............................ 129............................. 130............................. Refer ence duration, T (hour) 4 3.5 3.0 2.6 2.3 2 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.1 1 0.87 0.76 0.66 0.57 0.5 0.44 0.38 0.33 0.29 0.25 0.22 0.19 0.16 0.14 0.125 0.11 0.095 0.082 0.072 0.063 0.054 0.047 0.041 0.036 0.031 In the above table the reference duration, T, is computed by 8 2iL-ws where L is the measured A-weighted sound level. II. Conversion Between "Dose" and "8-Hour Time-Weighted Average" Sound Level Compliance with paragraphs (c)-(r) of this regulation is de termined by the amount of exposure to noise in the work place. The amount of such exposure is usually measured with an audiodosimeter which gives a readout in terms of "dose." In order to better understand the requirements of the amend ment, dosimeter readings can be converted to an "8-hour time-weighted average sound level." (TWAI. In order to convert the reading of a dosimeter into TWA, see Table A-l, below. This table applies to dosimeters that are set by the manufacturer to calculate dose or percent expo- Change30 144.5 1910.95 Append. A 00 A 033517 f.ONFTDFNTTAI 1910.95 Append. A OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS sure according to the relationships in Table G-16a. So. for ex ample. a dose of 91 percent over an eight hour day results in a TWA of 89.3 dB. and. a dose of 50 percent corresponds to a TWA of 85 dB. If the dose as read on the dosimeter is less than or greater than the values found in Table A-l, the TWA may be calcu lated by using the formula: TWA= 16.61 logio (D/1001+90 where TWA8-hour time-weighted average sound level and D=accumulated dose in percent exposure. Table A-l.--Conversion From "Percent Noise exposure" or "Dose" to "S-Hour Time-Weighted Average Sound level" (TWA) Dose or percent noise exposure 10........ 15........ 20........ 25........ 30........ 35........ 40........ 45........ 50........ 55........ 60........ 65........ 70........ 75........ 80........ 81........ 82........ 83........ 84........ 95........ 86........ 87........ 88........ 89........ 90........ 91........ 92........ 93........ 94........ 95........ 96........ 97........ 98........ 99........ 100.... 101 .... 102.... 103 .... 104 ... . 105 ... . 106 .... 107 ... . 108.... 109.... 110.... 111..., 112.... 113..., 114... TWA 73.4 76.3 78.4 80.0 81.3 82.4 83.4 84.2 85.0 85.7 86.3 86.9 87.4 87.9 88.4 88.5 88.6 88.7 88.7 88.8 88.9 89.0 89.1 89.2 89.2 89.3 89.4 89.5 89.6 89.6 89.7 89.8 89.9 89.9 90.0 90.1 90.1 90.2 90.3 90.4 90.4 90.5 90.6 90.6 90.7 90.8 90.8 90.9 90.9 Table A-l.--Conversion From "Percent Noise Ixposwre" or "Dose" to "S-Meur Time-Weighted Average Sound Level" (TWA |--Continued Dose or percent noise exposure TWA 115.... 116.... 117.... 118.... 119.... 120.... 125.... 130.... 135.... 140.... 145 .... 150___ 155___ 160.... 165.... 170.... 175.... 180.... 185.... 190.... 195.... 200.... 210.... 220.... 230 .... 240.... 250.... 260___ 270.... 280.... 290 .... 300.... 310.... 320.... 330.... 340 .... 350.... 360___ 370___ 380.... 390.... 400.... 410.... 420___ 430___ 440 ___ 450... . 460 ... , 470 ... , 480... . 490.... 500 .... 510.... 520 .... 530.... 540 .... 550.... 560.... 570 .... 580.... 91.1 91.1 91.1 91.2 91.3 91.3 91.6 91.9 92.2 92.4 92.7 92.9 93.2 93.4 93.6 93.8 94.0 94.2 94.4 94.6 94.8 95.0 95.4 95.7 96.0 96.3 96.6 96.9 97.2 97.4 97.7 97.9 98.2 98.4 98.6 98.8 99.0 99.2 99.4 99.6 99.8 100.0 100.2 100.4 100.5 100.7 100.8 101.0 101.2 101.3 101.5 101.6 101.8 101.9 102.0 102.2 102.3 102.4 102.6 102.7 1910.95 Append. A 144.6 Change 30 DO A 0OSS 18 CONFTDFNTTAI OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.95 Append. A STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Tabln A-l.--Conversion* from "Percent Not** exposure" or "Dote" to "t-Heur Time-Weighted Avorago Sound level" (TWA|--Continued Dose or percent noise exposure 590.......................................................................... 600.......................................................................... 610.......................................................................... 620.......................................................................... 630.......................................................................... 640.......................................................................... 650.......................................................................... 660.......................................................................... 670.......................................................................... 680.......................................................................... 690.......................................................................... 700.......................................................................... 710.......................................................................... 720.......................................................................... 730.................. 740 .......................................................................... 750.......................................................................... 760.......................................................................... 770 .......................................................................... 780.......................................................................... 790.......................................................................... 800.......................................................................... 810.......................................................................... 820.......................................................................... 830.......................................................................... 840.......................................................................... 850.......................................................................... 860.......................................................................... 870.......................................................................... 880.......................................................................... 890.......................................................................... 900.......................................................................... 910.......................................................................... 920.......................................................................... 930.......................................................................... 940.......................................................................... 950........................................................................-. 960.......................................................................... 970.......................................................................... 980.......................................................................... 990.......................................................................... 999.......................................................................... TWA 102.8 102.9 103.0 103.2 103.3 103.4 103.5 103.6 103.7 103.8 103.9 104.0 104.1 104.2 104.3 104.4 104.5 104.6 104.7 104.8 104.9 105.0 105.1 105.2 105.3 105.4 105.4 105.5 105.6 105.7 105.8 105.8 105.9 106.0 106.1 106.2 106.2 106.3 106.4 106.5 106.5 106.6 APPENDIX B: METHODS FOR ESTIMATING THE ADEQUACY OF HEARING PROTECTOR ATTENUATION This Appendix Is Mandatory For employees who have experienced a significant thresh old shift, hearing protector attenuation must be sufficient to reduce employee exposure to a TWA of 85 dB. Employers must select one of the following methods by which to esti mate the adequacy of hearing protector attenuation. The most convenient method is the Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) developed by the Environmental Protection Agency lEPA). According to EPA regulation, the NRR must be shown on the hearing protector package. The NRR is then re lated to an individual worker's noise environment in order to assess the adequacy of the attenuation of a given hearing pro tector. This Appendix describes four methods of using the NRR to determine whether a particular hearing protector provides adequate protection within a given exposure envi ronment. Selection among the four procedures is dependent upon the employer's noise measuring instruments. Instead of using the NRR, employers may evaluate the ade quacy of hearing protector attenuation by using one of the three methods developed by the National Institute for Occu pational Safety and Health (NIOSH). which are described in the "List of Personal Hearing Protectors and Attenuation Data." HEW Publication No. 76-120. 1975, pages 21-37. These methods are known as NIOSH methods #1. #2 and #3. The NRR described below is a simplification of NIOSH meth od 42. The most complex method is NIOSH method #1, which is probably the most accurate method since it uses the largest amount of spectral information from the individual em ployee's noise environment. As in the case of the NRR meth od described below, if one of the NIOSH methods is used, the selected method must be applied to an individual's noise envi ronment to assess the adequacy of the attenuation. Employ ers should be careful to take a sufficient number of measure ments in order to achieve a representative sample for each time segment. Note.--The employer must remember that calculated attenu ation values reflect realistic values only to the extent that the protectors are properly fitted and worn. When using the NRR to assess hearing protector ade quacy. one of the following methods must be used: (t) When using a dosimeter that is capable of C-weighted measurements: (A) Obtain the employee's C-weighted dose for the entire workshift. and convert to TWA (see Appendix A. 11). (B) Subtract the NRR from the C-weighted TWA to obtain the estimated A-weighted TWA under the ear protector. (II) When using a dosimeter that is not capable of C-weighted measurements, the following method may be used: (A) Convert the A-weighted dose to TWA (see Appendix A). (B) Subtract 7 dB from the NRR. (C) Subtract the remainder from the A-weighted TWA to ob tain the estimated A-weighted TWA under the ear protector. (Ill) When using a sound level meter set to the A-weighting network: (A) Obtain the employee's A-weighted TWA. (B) Subtract 7 dB from the NRR. and subtract the remainder from the A-weighted TWA to obtain the estimated A-weight ed TWA under the ear protector. (Iv) When using a sound level meter set on the C-weighting network: Change 30 144.7 1910.95 Append. B CNPTr)F^j 1910J5 Append. B OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (A) Obtain a representative sample of the C-weighted sound levels in the employee's environment. () Subtract the NRR from the C-weighted average sound level to obtain the estimated A-weighted TWA under the ear protector. (v) When using area monitoring procedures and a sound level meter set to the A-weighing network. (A) Obtain a representative sound level for the area in ques tion. () Subtract 7 dB from the NRR and subtract the remainder from the A-weighted sound level for that area. (vl) When using area monitoring procedures and a sound lev el meter set to the C-weighting network: (A) Obtain a representative sound level for the area in ques tion. () Subtract the NRR from the C-weighted sound level for that area. APPENOIXC: AUDIOMETRIC MEASURING INSTRUMENTS raent t lesst six time* at that test frequency. At each test frequency the threshold lhall be the average of the midpoints of the tracing excursions. APPENDIX D: AUDIOMETRIC TEST ROOMS This Appendix Is Mandatory Rooms used for audiometric testing shall not have back ground sound pressure levels exceeding those in Table D-l when measured by equipment conforming at least to the Type 2 requirements of American National Standard Speci fication for Sound Level Meters. Sl.4-1971 (R1976), and to the Class H requirements of American National Standard Specification for Octave, Half-Octave, and Third-Octave Band Filter Sets, SI. 11-1971 (R1976). Table D-l.--Maximum Allowable Octavo. Band Sound Pressure levels tor Audiometric Test Rooms Octave-band center frequency (Hit................... Sound pressure level IdB)..................................... 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 40 40 47 57 62 This Appendix is Mondotory 1. In the event that pulsed-tone audiometers are used, they shall have a tone on-time of at least 200 milliseconds. 2. Self-recording audiometers shall comply with the follow ing requirements: (A) The chart upon which the audiogram is traced shall have lines at positions corresponding to all multiples of 10 dB hear ing level within the intensity range spanned by the audiome ter. The lines shall be equally spaced and sholl.be separated by at least M inch. Additional increments are optional. The audiogram pen tracings shall not exceed 2 dB in width. () It shall be possible to set the stylus manually at the 10dB increment lines for calibration purposes. (C) The slewing rate for the audiometer attenuator shall not be more than 6 dB/sec except that an initial slewing rate greater than 6 dB/sec is permitted at the beginning of each new test frequency, but only until the second subject re sponse. (D) The audiometer shall remain at each required test fre quency for 30 seconds (3 seconds). The audiogram shall be clearly marked at each change of frequency and the actual frequency change of the audiometer shall not deviate from the frequency boundaries marked on the audiogram by more than 3 seconds. (() It must be possible at each test frequency to place a hori zontal line segment parallel to the time axis on the audiogram, such that the audiometric tracing crosses the line seg- APPENDIX E: ACOUSTIC CALIBRATION OF AUDIOMETERS This Appendix Is Mondotory Audiometer calibration shall be checked acoustically, at least annually, according to the procedures described in this Appendix. The equipment necessary to perform these meaaurments is a sound level meter, octave-band filter aet, and a National Bureau of Standarda 9A coupler. In making tbese measurements, the accuracy of the calibrating equipment shall be sufficient to determine that the audiometer is within the tolerances permitted by American Standard Specification for Audiometers. S3.6-1969. (1) Sound Pressure Output Chock A. Place the earphone coupler over the microphone of the sound level meter and place the earphone on the coupler. B. Set the audiometer's hearing threshold level (HTL) dial to 70 dB. C. Measure the sound pressure level of the tones that each test frequency from 500 Hz through 6000 Hz for each ear phone. D. At each frequency the readout on the sound level meter should correspond to the levels in Table E-l or Table E-2. as appropriate, for the type of earphone, in the column entitled "sound level meter reading." 1910.95 Append. E 1 Change 30 ) DO A O.ia.DDO CONFTDFNTTAI OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.95 Append. E STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (2) Linearity Clinch A. With the earphone in place, set the frequency to 1000 Hz and the HTL dial on the audiometer to TO dB. B. Measure the sound levels in the coupler at each 10-dB decrement from 70 dB to 10 dB. noting the sound level meter reading at each setting. C. For each 10-dB decrement on the audiometer the sound level meter should indicate a corresponding 10 dB decrease. D. This measurement may be made electrically with a volt meter connected to the earphone terminals. (J) Tolerance* When any of the measured sound levels deviate from the tevels in Table E-l or Table E-2 by 3 dB at any test fre quency between 500 and 3000 Hz. 4 dB at 4000 Hz, or 5 dB at 6000 Hz, an exhaustive calibration is advised. An exhaustive calibration is required if the deviations are greater than 10 dB at any test frequency. Table E-l.--Reference Threshold levels far Telephonies--TDH-39 Earphones Frequency, Hz 500............................................... 1000............................................. 2000............................................. 3000.............................................. 4000.............................................. 6000............................................. Reference threshold level for TDH-39 earphones, dB Til 7 9 10 9.5 15.5 Sound level meter reading, dB 111 77 79 80 79.5 85.5 Table E-2.--Reference Threshold levels for Telephonies--TDH-41 Earphones Frequency, Hz 500.............................................. 1000........................................... 2000........................................... 3000........................................... 4000........................................... 6000........................................... Reference threshold level for TDH-49 earphones, dB 13.5 7.5 11 9.5 10.5 13.5 Sound level meter reading, dB 83.5 77.5 81.0 79.5 80.5 83.5 APPENDIX F: CALCULATIONS AND APPLICATION OF AGE CORRECTIONS TO AUDIOGRAMS This Appendix I* Non-Mandatory In determining whether a standard threshold shift has oc curred. allowance may be made for the contribution of aging to the change in hearing level by adjusting the most recent audiogram. If the employer chooses to adjust the audiogram, the employer shall follow the procedure described below. This procedure and the age correction tables were developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in the criteria document entitled "Criteria for a Recommended Standard ... Occpational Exposure to Noise," l(HSM)11001). For each audiometric test frequency; (I) Determine from Tables F-l or F-2 the age correction values for the employee by: (A) Finding the age at which the most recent audiogram was taken and recording the corresponding values of age correc tions at 1000 Hz through 6000 Hz; (B) Finding the age at which the baseline audiogram was taken and recording the corresponding values of age correc tions at 1000 Hz through 6000 Hz. (II) Subtract the values found in step li)|A) from the value found in step (i)(BI. (III) The differences calculated in step (ii) represented that portion of the change in hearing that may be due to aging. Example: Employee is a 32-year-old male. The audiometric history for his right ear is shown in decibels below. Employee's age 26........................... 27......................... 28 ............................ 29 ......................... 30 ......................... 31 ......................... 32......................... Audiometric test frequency (Hzl 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 10 5 5 10 5 0 00 55 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 5 15 5 0 5 10 20 10 5 10 20 15 15 5 10 10 25 20 The audiogram at age 27 is considered the baseline since it shows the best hearing threshold levels. Asterisks have been used to identify the baseline and most recent audiogram. A threshold shift of 20 dB exists at 4000 Hz between the audiograms taken at ages 27 and 32. (The threshold shift is computed by subtracting the hear ing threshold at age 27, which was 5, from the hearing thresh old at age 32, which is 25). A retest audiogram has confirmed this shift. The contribution of aging to this change in hearing may be estimated in the following manner: Change 30 144.9 1910.95 Append. F DO A 0385.7'1 f.ONFTDFNTT Ai 1910.95 Append. F OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Go to Table F- J and find the age correction values (in dB) for 4000 Hi at age 27 and age 32. Age 32................... Age 27................... Difference......... Frequency (Hzl 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 6 5 7 10 14 5 4 6 7 11 11133 The difference represents the amount of hearing loss that may be attributed to aging in the time period between the baseline audiogram and the most recent audiogram. In this example, the difference at 4000 Hz is 3 dB. This value is subtracted from the hearing level at 4000 Hz. which in the most recent audiogram is 25. yielding 22 after adjustment. Then the hearing threshold in the baseline audiogram at 4000 Hz (51 is subtracted from the adjusted annual audiogram hearing threshold at 4000 Hz 122). Thus the age-corrected threshold shift would be 17 dB (as opposed to a threshold shift of 20 dB without age correction). Tabl* F-.1.--Age Correction Value* In Decibel* For Male* Years 20 or younger----21........................... 22........................... 23........................... 24........................... 25........................... 26........................... 27........................... 28........................... 29........................... 30........................... 31........................... 32........................... 33........................... 34........................... 35........................... 36........................... 37........................... 38........................... 39........................... 40........................... 41........................... 42........................... 43........................... 44........................... 45........................... 46........................... 47........................... 48........................... 49........................... 50........................... 51........................... 52........................... 53........................... 54........................... Audiometnc Test Frequencies (Hzl 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 534 5 8 534 5 8 534 5 8 534 6 9 535 6 9 5 3 5 7 10 5 4 5 7 10 5 4 6 7 11 6 4 6 8 11 6 4 6 8 12 6 4 6 9 12 6 4 7 9 13 6 5 7 10 14 6 5 7 10 14 6 5 8 11 15 7 5 8 11 15 7 5 9 12 16 7 6 9 12 17 7 6 9 13 17 7 6 10 14 18 7 6 10 14 19 7 6 10 14 20 8 7 11 16 20 8 7 12 16 21 8 7 12 17 22 8 7 13 18 23 8 8 13 19 24 8 8 14 19 24 9 8 14 20 25 9 9 15 21 26 9 9 16 22 27 9 9 16 23 28 9 10 17 24 29 9 10 18 25 30 10 10 18 26 31 Table F-1.--Age Correction Value* In Decibel* For Males-- Continued Years 55. ....................... 56. ....................... 57. ....................... 58. 59........................... Audiometric Test Frequencies 1 Hzl 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 10 11 19 27 32 10 11 20 28 34 10 11 21 29 35 12 22 31 36 11 12 22 32 37 *>1 Table F-J.--Age Correction Value* In Decibel* For Female* Years 20 or younger .... 21. ....................... 22. ....................... 23. ....................... 24. ....................... 25. ....................... 26. ....................... 27. ....................... 28. ....................... 29. ....................... 30. ....................... 31. ....................... 32. ....................... 33. ....................... 34. ....................... 35.. ....................... 36. ....................... 37. ....................... 38. ....................... 39. ....................... 40. ....................... 41. ....................... 42. ....................... 43.. ....................... 44. ....................... 45*. ....................... 46.. ....................... 47.. ....................... 48.. ....................... 49.. ....................... 50.. ....................... 51 *. ....................... 52 * ....................... 53- ....................... 54. . ....................... 55* * ....................... 56*. ....................... 57.. ....................... 58. * ....................... 59.. ....................... 60 or older............. Audiometric Test Frequencies (Hz) 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 74336 74436 7 44 46 7 54 4 7 75447 854 47 85548 85558 855 58 855 59 865 59 866 5 9 9 6 6 6 10 9 6 6 6 10 9 6 6 6 10 9 6 7 7 11 9 7 7 7 11 9 7 7 7 12 10 7 7 12 10 7 8 8 12 10 f 8 8 13 10 8 8 8 13 10 8 9 9 13 11 8 9 9 14 11 8 9 9 14 11 8 10 10 15 11 9 10 10 15 11 9 10 11 16 12 9 11 11 16 12 9 11 11 16 12 10 11 12 17 12 10 12 12 17 12 10 12 13 18 13 10 13 13 18 13 11 13 14 19 13 11 14 14 19 13 11 14 15 20 13 11 15 15 20 14 12 15 16 21 14 12 16 16 21 14 12 16 17 22 1910.95 Append. F 144.10 Change 30 00 A oonftdfnttai } ) \ r i ^ ! OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.95 Append. C STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS APPENDIX G: MONITORING NOISE LEVELS NON-MANDATORY INFORMATIONAL APPENDIX This appendix provides information to help employers com ply with the noise monitoring obligations that are part of the hearing conservation amendment. What is the purpose of noise monitoring? This revised amendment requires that employees be placed in a hearing conservation program if they are exposed to average noise levels of 85 dB or greater during an 8 hour workday. In order to determine if exposures are at or above this level, it may be necessary to measure or monitor the actual noise levels in the workplace and to estimate the noise exposure or "dose" received by employees during the work day. When is it necessary to implement a noise monitoring pro gram? It is not necessary for every employer to measure work place noise. Noise monitoring or measuring must be con ducted only when exposures are at or above 65 dB. Factors which suggest that noise exposures in the workplace may be at this level include employee complaints about the loudness of noise, indications that employees are losing their hearing, or noisy conditions which make normal conversation difficult. The employer should also consider any information available regarding noise emitted from specific machines. In addition, actual workplace noise measurements can suggest whether or not a monitoring program should be initiated. How is noise measured? Basically, there are two different instruments to measure noise exposures: the sound level meter and the dosimeter. A sound level meter is a device that measures the intensity of sound at a given moment. Since sound level meters provide a measure of sound intensity at only one point in time, it is gen erally necessary to take a number of measurements at differ ent times during the day to estimate noise exposure over a workday. If noise levels fluctuate, the amount of time noise remains at each of the various measured levels must be deter mined. To estimate employee noise exposures with a sound level meter it is also generally necessary to take several measure ments at different locations within the workplace. After ap propriate sound level meter readings are obtained, people sometimes draw "maps" of the sound levels within different areas of the workplace. By using a sound level "map" and in formation on employee locations throughout the day, esti mates of individual exposure levels can be developed. This measurement method is generally referred to as area noise monitoring. A dosimeter is like a sound level meter except that it stores sound level measurements and integrates these measure ments over time, providing an average noise exposure read ing for a given period of time, such as an 8-hour workday. With a dosimeter, a microphone is attached to the employee's clothing and the exposure measurement is simply read at the end of the desired un>e period. A reader may be used to read out the dosimeter's measurements. Since the dosimeter is worn by the employee, it measures noise levels in those loca tions in which the employee travels. A sound level meter can also be positioned within the immediate vicinity of the ex posed worker to obtain an individual exposure estimate. Such procedures are generally referred to as personal noise moni toring. Area monitoring can be used to estimate noise exposure when the noise levels are relatively constant and employees are not mobile. In workplaces where employees move about in different areas or where the noise intensity tends to fluctuate over time, noise exposure is generally more accurately esti mated by the personal monitoring approach. In situations where personal monitoring is appropriate, proper positioning of the microphone is necessary to obtain accurate measurements. With a dosimeter, the microphone is generally located on the shoulder and remains in that position for the entire workday. With a sound level meter, the micro phone is stationed near the employee's head, and the instru ment is usually held by an individual who follows the em ployee as he or she moves about. Manufacturer's instructions, contained in dosimeter and sound level meter operating manuals, should be followed for calibration and maintenance. To ensure accurate results, it is considered good professional practice to calibrate instru ments before and after each use. How often is it necessary to monitor noise levels? The amendment requires that when there are significant changes in machinery or production processes that may re sult in increased noise levels, remonitoring must be con ducted to determine whether additional employees need to be included in the hearing conservation program. Many com panies choose to remonitor periodically (once every year or twol to ensure that all exposed employees are included in their hearing conservation programs. Where can equipment and technical advice be obtained? Noise monitoring equipment may be either purchased or rented. Sound level meters cost about 1500 to 81,000, while dosimeters range in price from about 8750 to 81.500. Smaller companies may find it more economical to rent equipment rather than to purchase it. Names of equipment suppliers may be found in the telephone book (Yellow Pagesl under headings such as: "Safety Equipment," "Industrial Hy giene." or "Engineers-AcousticaL" In addition to providing information on obtaining noise monitoring equipment, many companies and individuals included under such listings can provide professional advice on how to conduct a valid noise monitoring program. Some audiological testing firms and in dustrial hygiene firms also provide noise monitoring services. Universities with audiology, industrial hygiene, or acoustical engineering departments may also provide information or may be able to help employers meet their obligations under this amendment. Free, on-site assistance may be obtained from OSHA-supported state and private consultation organizations. These Change 30 144.11 1910.95 Append. G OO OOA/p- rF0'TTA/ 1910.95 Append. G OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS safety and health consultative entities generally give priority to the needs of small businesses. See the attached directory for a listing of organizations to contact for aid. OSHA Omsitc CouauLTMKM project Dmccsonv . Ala**** fiiiinmi Hmarn. o.O io* toot, UMtwv, < 3** of Aim. 0 Uto, Omnmt 0*r * HA 3301 EM *l. I te-7lM. *!!'ii Wwim, thAv 7* p07) 37*4911 ft*. te ( 134 w UM Am Am. HM. te, IB Mm Oow *ma Fro'iio**, Gap. HIM te-3471 ft*. |m HIM amoim. or. ter n i M. I IM* ft Ham Coravctort DaMM 0 Late, 300 Mr hM p09 tete. ft*. U 4 1 Cm Oite. . 0**ot Omii* 0 CM*. Omen 0 >HM Afhan. MO Mom Omwi tNA 0*i ter, 000 W*-9H3. *. *w teuton r*n>w MOO 0 Comm ---------- Ommh te* i * OMm Oho* of CoWm. Dm**wm Emm ten, {RQ bb-tzm. Mr Um*o aft. w*. 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Ho* hoy. te* Ano 00011 . Ctewi 0 OiteOOte Haafov tew late Ononoa 0 Hate TAo C*O0A QiOiA j 103 Hate Hanmri aah 3io>io!Ol li 02m. . Conaiun ar0 fthirawmi 4oufi Carte* Oapoteori 0 Late. 3.a loo 11330. rwaiM*. 1C 29211. pool 7M-*ik aa. jbm (tern team iiriwj (M ftftal (491) 277-2431 AA. Jrnmm 1 l*fti| owl P00) 714 M21, ft*. te*t On*, OAote. 7ftp(1A Oi^al 1910.95 Append. G 144.12 Change 30 00 A 0385P4 C 0NrT0FNiTTA( OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.95 Append. G STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OSMA Onsets Consultation Pnojsct Dmtcrowr--Gonfrwad onto. IK mm Ha IAI'hMi. STAT..4iaenaMMf Erte n mi pi*vm Caw-soso, tnoxgi A oaa. n? . OCka cmMtM SaiviM. 1mu nvvnan lmm, M Wa*. hi w Kan, HUH Thu-- *7*14 . Mm Ovaeaeonal Maty am tin th--r tnpw. T-- Pa--n-- al MaaNi an* aaina. 1100 W-- a--i *--, AaMBi T*-- 7S7M, ffn) Mi-4101, I pin w-nn m. t. h. Cmg Chador. pip *44-7217, U WaAar a a--Pi ft. Chao-- . uw Joh (aatp M HaaPt Cm--i ta-- P-- aoM. 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Haapi a-- dalaay APPENDIX H: AVAILABILITY OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS Paragraphs Ic) through lo) of 29 CFR 1910.95 and the ac companying appendices contain provisions which incorporate publications by reference. Generally, the publications provide criteria for instruments to be used in monitoring and audiometric testing. These criteria are intended to be mandatory when so indicated in the applicable paragraphs of Section 1910.95 and appendices. It should be noted that OSHA does not require that em ployers purchase a copy of the referenced publications. Em ployers, however, may desire to obtain a copy of the ref erenced publications for their own information. The designation of the paragraph of the standard in which the referenced publications appear, the titles of the publica tions, and the availability of the publication are as follows: Paragraph designation Referenced publication Available from-- Appendix B............................... Appendix D............................... 41910,951km appendix E........ Appendix D............................... List of Personal Hearing Pro National Technical Information tectors and Attenuation Service. Port Royal Road, Data." HEW Pub. No. 76- Springfield. VA 22161. 120. 1975. NTIS-PB267461. Specification for Sound Level American National Standards Meters." Sl.4-1971 (R1976). Institute. Inc., 1430 Broad way. New York, NY 10018. Specifications for Audio American National Standards meters." S3.6-1969. Institute. Inc., 1430 Broad way. New York, NY 10018. Specification for Octave, Back Numbers Department, Half-Octave and Third-Oc Dept. STD, American Insti tave Band Filter Sets." tute of Physics, 333 E. 45 St,, SI.11-1971 (R1976I. New York, NY 10017; Ameri can National Standards Insti tute. Inc., 1430 Broadway. New York, NY 10018. The referenced publications (or a microfiche of the publica tions) are available for review at many universities and public libraries throughout the country. These publications may also be examined at the OSHA Technical Data Center, Room N2439, United States Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW., Washington. D.C. 20210, (202) 523-9700 or at any OSHA Regional Office Isee telephone directories under United States Government--Labor Department). APPENDIX I: DEFINITIONS These definitions apply to the following terms as used in paragraphs (c) through in) of 29 CFR 1910.95. Action level--An 8-hour time-weighted average of 85 decibels Change 30 144.13 1910.95 Append. I 1910.95 Append. I OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS measured on the A-scale, (low response, or equivalently, a dose of fifty percent. Audiogram--A chart, graph, or table resulting from an audiometric test showing an individual's heating threshold lev els as a function of frequency. Audiologist--A professional, specializing in the study and re habilitation of hearing, who is certified by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association or licensed by a state board of examiners. Baseline audiogram--The audiogram against which future audiograms are compared. Criterion sound level--A sound level of 90 decibels. Decibel IdB)-- Unit of measurement of sound level. Hertz (Hzl--Unit of measurement of frequency, numerically equal to cycles per second. Medical pathology--A disorder or disease. For purposes of this regulation, a condition or disease affecting the ear. which should be treated by a physician specialist. Noise dose--The ratio, expressed as a percentage, of ill the time integral, over a stated time or event, of the 0.6 power of the measured SLOW exponential time-averaged, squared A-weighted sound pressure and (21 the product of the criterion duration 18 hours! and the 0.6 power of the squared sound pressure corresponding to the criterion sound level 190 dB). Noise dosimeter--An instrument that integrates a function of sound pressure over a period of time in such a manner that it directly indicates a noise dose. Otolaryngologist--A physician specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the ear, nose and throat. Representative exposure--Measurements of an employee's noise dose or 8-hour time-weighted average sound level that the employers deem to be representative of the ex posures of other employees in the workplace. Sound level--Ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the square of the measured A-weighted sound pressure to the square of the standard reference pressure of 20 micropascals. Unit: decibels (dBl. For use with this regulation. SLOW time response, in accordance with ANSI Sl.4-1971 (R1976), is required. South level meter--An instrument for the measurement of sound level. Time-weighted average sound level--That sound level, which if constant over an 6-hour exposure, would result in the same noise dose as is measured. 1910.95 Append. I 144.14 Change 30 D A 0385/6 OONFTDPNTTai