Document jBe0806a922dRRn1L3KO5GO2p

FILE NAME: DuPont (DUP) DATE: 1931 DOC#: DUP161 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Report on Conferences Between Employers & Inspectors Concerning Methods for Suppressing Dust in Asbestos Textile Factories i i E OFFICE. [Crown C opyrigh t R e str v e d .] Report on Conferences between Employers and Inspectors concerning Methods for Suppressing Dust in Asbestos Textile Factories I I i Home Office, 10th Apnl, 1931. To a . Right Ho. 1 . R- C L n . M R ., HU U W Secrcury o B ute for the Home Department. W fl n u tw v R A Mexvwother end Mr. C. U L S h w S * rt wee made dear that the prrn- Pnce pobhebad in M arti.1 9 . duat on the lung u pal aafeguard agamet the ill J ~ " ~ ^ ntoUtl0n { k ^ i ^ J l S ifJ S E -7t . **>. would be n e a ry -m o re method. F o llo w ^ - Ut. p u b l^ u i u iS S * s s r s s ^ s s r s i s T . u i p - h i . - lace, . A, an initial itep, it wea deoded to a t up a Committee con , three reoreaentative* of the mduetry and two of the Thu (M ouutu. .. tuted aa follow# :-- , Mr. Leonard Ward, H.M. Senior Engineering In.pector of Factonee (Chairman). Mr. J. Gow, The Cape Aabeatoa Co., Ltd. Mr. W. C. Fenton, Bntiah Belting Aabeatoa, Ltd. Mr P G. Kenyon, Turner Broa. Aabeatoa Co., Ltd. Mr C. W . Price, H.M. Engineering Inapector of Factonea. I now hs-re the honour to aubxmt the import of thia Committee. Complete agreement wa. r ^ e d , d a f S S Z reoommendationa (page. 9 to 36) adopted oy me u. b -u h. * . CouuaUM.'. R .P * * call perfaape for aome comment._________ ________ __________ _ ------------------- : . . . - tv__. -- .u . mad P eat gap p rw io e ie tk* ^ L ^ 5 t^ o S L * . F n . la U. with OOP 1141975 4 The Committee have pointed out (page 6) that in aome textile processes, the amount of duit normally evolved appear to be too mall m the light of preaent knowledge to warrant special recom mendation being made for it inppreaaion, ted that they have therefore embodied in the Agreement their opinion in reapect of each of these proceaaes whether or not the amount of dust calls for the application of remedial measures at the preaent time. This opMMOQ is norfMiinW btssd oo one important assumption, namely, the of s cnticsl limit of dost ooacontratioo below which workers may be employed without injury to health. As the Committee rightly observe, the only working beeis that <ji he adopted et preaent is a finding in the previous Report which ig g g iiti that ts nmiitwin in flyer spinning carried on without exhaust may be regarded ee the "-dost datum it is however desirable to ^ m that this limit is clearly provisional and 1 object to alteration in the light of farther medical experience. I n ' conclusion, I wish to record my high appreciation of the public spirit shown by ths loading manufacturers in this mdustry, through their ready oonaent to pool for the benefit of their industry their experienoae in regard to the difficult problems to be solved, end slso of the valuable results which have only been achieved by the expenditure of much time end labour on the part of the Committee. I am. Sir. Your obedient Servant, Qm aLS BXLLHOUSX, Chief Inspector of Factories. REPORT ON CONFERENCES BETWEEN EMPLOYERS AND INSPECTORS CONCERNING METHODS FOR SUPPRESSING DUST IN ASBESTOS TEXTILE FACTORIES. 1D March on " Effects o/ Aibeto D u Du` Huppreaaion in the Asbestos Industry " showed that, wmie exhaust ventilation had been apphed with su e cess at many point in both the textile end non-textile branche of the industry, practical difficulties hindered iU application to a number of processes, more particularly in the textile faetones, in which R usts produced in harmful amount. An informal Conferenoe of ssbestos textile manufacturer, and Home Office representa i * W" _t^ ereior? " T4Deed to consider these difficulties and the best method, winch could be adopted generally for suppressing durt in manufacturing and other processes. The Conference^Thichi w* fully representative of the Trade, took place at the Home Office Wilson, C.B.L., H.M . Deputy Chief Inspector of Fsctones. *raed unanimously that everything practically d d0ne * " PP" " dMt " d tb manufacturare promised their full assistance to aecun this result. I t was then uTi'v e and OOMUtin o( bree Trade represen- tanves and two technical members of the Factory Department to consider the problem a detail and to collect all information avail- f concerning dust suppressing methods. As the appointed ,* ]repre**n u i*v*s connected with the larger works they ha e direct knowledge of the conditions under which the Brest majority of asbestos textile workers are employed. The Committee have reviewed the conditions in each textile ha7 8,ven *P>i attention to those processes m which m f P^ * 1Ol?.0f *deq" te ." n" dial measures has hitherto presented many difficulties, e.g., mixing and blending (in preparatory work) card cleanag, spinning and weaving, and also to the special diffi culties appertaining to mattress making, strictly a non-textile pro cess but earned on to on important extent by several textile manu facturers It was therefore felt that thia Beport would be incom plete unless this process were dealt with. The Committee have eought assistance from all ssbestos textile manufacturers including thorn nos represented at the July Confer ence. ' * Raisrrsd u> thraesSaa. tfcie reror*ss Tfcs SsSssms Bsport." 373 A 3 J '. i .i,, ; j-iiv.i Lvucicii b> ttiu Committee' deliberations. v|.|. iii.iuii lib- Uvn UkL-n by the Trade Members of the Comi i i i u i t to cx|vriiueiii, m their fuotones, with new or unproved Ji..i ii-iiwui b|.|wraiu afipued to the various processes in whicn 1 1 1 .- ivrial diilu-ultu- already referred to are met with. The t-xj'-riiiu-iii* inrlu.1c (1) the use, in place of hand stnckle*, of a ir.ivi-rsm- brush, lilted with an exhaust connection to a portable v.iriiuiii jiiaiii, fur cleaning the cylinder and offers of carding machine; (1) the application of exhaost to mixing and blending (m opening processes) and to ring gpmning; and (3) new methods of applying exhaust to weaving. These experiments, which are de scribed later in this Beport, have resulted in a gratifying measure d (DOOMS. A senes of Agreements oovering all the processes reviewed has been reached, in most caaee embodying specific recommendations for snmring the suppression of dost by exhaust ventilation. In addition, the Agreements deal with inch matters as ventilation, beating, and the settling of dost extracted from the workrooms. In some textile processes, the amount of dust normally evolved appeared to the Committee to be insufficient, in the light of present knowledge, to warrant special recommendations being made for its suppression. Tbe Committee have therefore embodied in the Agreements their opinion whether or not the amount of dust so evolved calls for the application of remedial measure* at the present time, with the reservation that revision may be necessary if there is variation from the working methods generally adopted, or in the materials now used. The Committee have found valuable guidance from Dr. Merewether's view, listed at page 12 of the s i w Beport, " that in' ordsr to prevent the full development of the disease (ashestons) amongst asbestos workers within the space of an average working lifetime, it is necessary to reduce the concentration of dust in the air of the workrooms to a figure below that pertaining to spuming at the time over which t hese cases (i.e., these dealt with in the Asbestos Beport) were exposed. For practical purposes, the {Yn^itwn arising from flyer spinning carried on without exhaust under good general conditions may. it asam* to tha Committee, be taken as the " dust datum " . Flyer pinning 1 loss dusty then ring spinning to which process exhaust ventilation baa now been successfully applied, If, therefore, a particular process appears to give rise to dust in excess of that asso ciated with n/h flyer spinning, the Committee regard the need for preventive measures as aetahliehed. Tbia criterion is simple to apply to proomai such as mixing, blinding, carding and dry weaving which are obviously more dusty thM flyor spinning. Bnt difficult!** were found to arise as regards - i h g prooamea, partly t*TM the Committee felt that they lacked 7 necessary information of the nature and amount of the fibre or dust in the atmosphere, produced by these processes. The assistance of r Merewether, and of Mr. McNair. Engineering Inspector of .ones, who has made important mvestigations on dnsty atmo spheres, was therefore aonght ooaoeming these difficulties, which were as follows :-- (1) In certain processes on opened material from which dust has been efficiently removed, a considerable amount of floating fibre may be given off into the air by attrition of the material. fThe collection by hand, at carding machines, of onoondensed carded fibre, the recovery of side wsste from the condensers of finisher cards, sstd the handling of opened material in disintegrator cham bers are cases in point. The Committee were not satisfied at first that in such cases, where there may be much visible long fibre, there is of necessity also finer dust in excess of that produced in flyer apinning, which may be readily inhaled into the lung. From the ***ration of samples, Dr. Merewether hae 0 0 me to the conclusion that such visible floating fibre is always associated with finer particles invisible to the naked eye, sad these ere being continually augmented by fracture of the larger fibres. The Com mittee accept this view end hsve based some of their recommenda tions upon it. . (2) In some cases, precise determinations in individual factories msy be necessary to ascertain whether the dust evolved in a par ticular process is in excess of the criterion suggested shove. Similarly, such determinations may also be required to show the extent of the improvement effected by the introduction of any par ticular method of dust suppression. A gravimetric method of de termining the duet oontent in the air is briefly described in the > "mdix, page 36. The Committee recognise that such inveatig a s may have to be undertaken in the future, but felt that the position was such that thia report ought not to be delayed on this account. Notes on each Agreement will be found in the text together with descriptiona and, where necessary, drawings of the dust-suppress ing plants recommended. The Asbestos Report contained a number of Recommendation!, many of which the Committee have adopted. They have concen trated on Recommendation 1 (application of efficient localised ex haust ventilation at dust-producing points) as being the prune essential. They feel oocfident that at any rate the majority of the difficulties attendant on carrying out thia Reooaunendation /--.n be overcome, in which case other precautionary measure* re commended in the Report become tumeoessary. The Agreements as a whole are aimed at interfering as little as possible with existing working methods or lay-out of premiss, e.g., substitution of methods for handwork, separation of un it 8 processa sod wider spacing of plant are not specifically urged and, apart from the process of hand trickling (cleaning) of card cylinders and offers, prohibition of any Abating working mAtK^a pot suggested. The Committee recognise that improved con ditions for the workers might be obtained in some cases by sucb changes, and indicate later in the report the advantages resulting from the adoption of mechanical methods, but are convinced that the effect of applying exhaust ventilation on the more extended lines which they reoommend will result in such s degree of dust control as to leave only minor operations in which the Annotions as regards dost are in excess of the " datum " suggested. The Trade representatives on the Committee are unanimous in supporting the Agreements arrived at, as presenting a practicable solution of many of the problems confronting the industry, but desire to emphasise that they do so in their capacity as individual members and that they cannot commit the Trade as a whole. The Committee realise that provision of movie for carrying out some of the recommendations most take a oonridereble time, and the Trade representatives expect that a sufficient period will be allowed before requirements based upon them are enforced. They have also in mind that the Sritish factories msy be subject to unfair competition if restrictive requirements enforceable in this country are not adopted in foreign countries. They hope, there fore, that some appropriate action may be possible which will lead to uniform international requirements. 8th January, 1931. W . C. P bnton. J ambs Gow. P . G. Z bnton. C&ASLB8 W. Paies. L . W abo, Chairman. 9 AGREEMENTS. Cruslung,--including preliminary Sack Em ptying, Rough Mixing on Floor near Crushert, Feeding and Discharging. All processes give rise to dust sad exhaust draught should be applied. Crushers of both types, i.e., fixed pan sad rev o lv in g pea, aad those of small size, e.g., bowl crushers, should be eaciosed except for the necessary working openings. Feed aad delivery lattices to be enclosed and/or exhaust applied. Tbs cruaber (Tig. 1), snoinssd sad exhausted u reoummendod iu tiiu Agreemtuii, is fed mechanically from the enclomd eisvstar which is aappiiau from the hand-fed lsttioo. Exhaust oaaaactioBs i n provided as the feed ing point of the lattice sad at the elevator enclosaro. Whets a roa^ mixing of different grades el esbestoa is made on the floor beside the crasher, the exhaust d ia u ^ t applied to the crusher map be utilised, ss shown in Plate 1,* to control the duet evolved. The crusher (mortar mill type) is completely eacioeed, except for the working opening, in a wooden structure. The enclosure is extended in front of this opening to form a mixing chamber, which is open in front to the extent shown in Fig. 2. The exhanet draught applied to the top of the oruaher enclosure extracts tbs d o t produced in the mixing dumber. Work in the chamber is reduced to a minimum. The sacks are taken into the chamber to be hooked an the hoisting rcpa passing through the top, hot are hoisted, turned over aad emptied upon the floor from outside. Mixing is also secompliMiad from outside by long-handled tools. The men enter the chamber to feed the pea after the dust produced in mixing hie base extracted. As sa additional precaution, respirators sre worn. Tho crushed msterial is shovelled from tho pan through an opening iu tho side of tho enclosure, a eovar, kept closed during the crushing, being provided in the woodwork. The material falls into tho fully enclosed hopper food of a sieving machine (am Agreement 0). 2. Mixing and Blending of Crushed Asbestos. The prooeas is duity and exhnuct draught should be applied. Exhaust ventilation b is recently b en applied, in one large factory, Piste 2. An exhaust pipe, 13 ft. long is symmetrically placed about 9 ft. C ins. above tho mixing area which may measure some U ft. x 10 ft. Extraction takas plum at u mrim of slots, A ins. x l i ins., on hath sides of tho pips near tha bottom. Tbs average duct velocity provided for is 3,000 ft. par minute corresponding to a discharge of shout 4,000 cubic ft. of sir par minute from the mixing eras. This is tho flrst application of exhaust to this band prooaas but, although much duct is rumored, it is net yet clear that this arrangement will fully meet the cam. Tha Com mittee think, however, that it should ha sooepted at tha prumat time but it may be that enclosed mechaniosl mixing machines will be developed in the future. 3. Sack Emptying and Filling, Floonoork and preliminary Hand ling Processes rnoolvmg contact with Asbestos Fibre. Those opontioos are duty and exhaust draught should bo applied. The Agreement is intended to apply to all manipulation of sheetrn in opening processes sthoi eby dmS is pradnmd. Tha ailing and emptying of * Tho Platm follow page SA. - - 9371 A 3 HASKELL LABOR. 01 F io. imvt liter 11 12 sacks and skip, sho*lling, raking u d weighing i n included. Th* ntethod ui applyinu vtiu tx n au it will depend upon circumnano**. Plat* 1 snow* on* uu-tliuu. f o r luck m anipulation a* ia inolr*d in mixing or blending (Aunrvinuiu 2), in* exhaust arraag*m*nt down in' Plat* 2 can b* adoptad. Por m anipulation work ia nham hra, a** Agr**m*nt 10. Tliu duh very on tito door of m alarial from machina*, ta ilin g subsequent recollection, ahould b* diap*na*d with to tb* graaten poaaiaia xtaat. Bagging lattiaa*, ia* A g ra u ten t 7, oaa b* adoptad ia many eiaa*. tn* r*v*nibl* typ* (Pig. 3) baiag of *p*oial otility whar* work ia ooatinnoua and rapid. 4. Filling, of Lattice and Other Hopper. These operation* are dusty and exhaust draught should be applied, or the hoppers so enclosed as to prevent escape of dust. Lattic* and other happen oorand by the igr--nint inrind* those at crumbing plan*, oaring marhiim, diiiot*gron, Orighton op*sen and cord*. Xxampl** of b ea st applied at lattios happen are shown for opening plant* in Plata* S and t --tb* plant in Plat* 4 baiag fad by (boot from an appar t o r -and ter a hand-fid diaintagrator (Pig. 5). Safguard* adopted ia oaa faetery for th* fteding of oard happar lattioa* ar* ikwrrihaii under Agrwteaot U, fi. Separating, to remove Iron. The prooesa should be so enclosed ss to prevent escape of dost. Electromagnet* oaa always b* (tinted u that dost cannot m*op* Tbo Agr-- nt ia dirscud against tbs nw of o p apparatus which may giva ha* to d u t. 6. Staving. (a) Jig Type.--The process is dusty. The machine should be effectively covered over on the top and enclosed st the sides, and exhaust applied. (b) Rotary Type.--Dust is produced st the feeding point to which exhaust ahould be eppliea. The TMrhino should be enclosed and/or under exhaust. The Agreement applies to th* sieving of both end* and nrnsbwi aabastc*. Hitherto, jig Siam have not ban nolnaari to th* stent posaihl* lb * uam* shows ia Plata* A and 8 (a) i* slmiwt ooapiately anlawd, with xkaust draught appliad to tha top at th* adorar*; **c*P* of dust ia greatly radnoad. Th* material can b* oolUcted at short iaciinad bagging, lattices, tb u avoiding th* dost stenniatari with hand ooiiaouoo and Soar hotelling. Whar* a rotary atete is fad mashanioally ss from aiavater, and tha teading point ia snolnstd by th* levator aonaaetion (n* Plate 4), tha shanst ia appliad to th* nosing. 7. Crighton Openeri. Dust is produced s t the feeding point end st the delivery (e.g., lattice) end both should be o n e s1 exhaust. Tim exhaust applied 13 t* m2 OO A mM S 9 14 S y S t f S T S A S f f S T A S ? exbeust connection lb then required. SS Th. AgrMBtnt appU- to op-- of bo.it typ. - boruoa^l a ~ * -- r u " ` " - dolitory a p p a r a t ooccoctod tb S ,, .pnnaatioa of a b i M t dr aaga. t o . . o c a t ib bU obb w ^ ` u ado-d at to. r t --------- Doltrnr l a t t a - . aed bW g (i>. In to n . id and Bboo, " d i " V * PinUt b . h -M u Tithdrawn by B *BU- n o c b 0* th* d a * prodBQBd tn * " " * , h-Bm.CR, OOBBBCtod to t h . ooartBiMd te a through m^ . l p b m to t h . d .U ry sS r^ in T S B iS ? ** daat prodwMd s t *k d ditory Jarth- 8. O pening by WMley. Tewing and tim iiae M achines. DuM u produced at f-d in g .a d ^ 7 b a n k e r ^ u r t Th. e x h a w t J * J j f f S h i S - or otherwiM by the :acetone k n W ma^ to overfeeding or which may ante from feed roUen. 8tc;; aoe__" ----- - other cauie end independent exheurt u then n e c e ry . ... . ___ lmili* *1mo g iw riM to o o ft O p u ia g m .nhin of the or ^ r WP* i m I t s o a rin g appiv- at ftodiag and d ^ rw y lattw a. ^oar* (to. Xgrto- eetioa of . x h .a , u a i r d y __. ^ rollon may b . utcraatod by aw a. 7). The emonnt of darti a m m * * * I H . h. U p. aao ovwfM diag or by aa uaauitobk *Pd, " " x s s t x ? . = n a i T a r r a r u..h.t.o..r.r.a.t.i.n..n..- v i.th, ia t h . tnachin. Laniow. 9. Disintegrating. j j , t u. i^ and thanat ihould be applied. D ,, t u produced . V m a c h i n e doe. not present if the .action draught proancea cy *e u*---- the Mcape of dart Tb* fttCUOSa the ______ too ' - a P" "` T * . ~ .'." w . . -- u .-- j j- faadiag. in whwh n --------- haBd faadiag ia *UU to carry fw diag a d o p fd in W ^ ^ d a rt prodntod tf - J l i M d te r . d i f w - t d - a r. Ctotod. W 4. Exha.. n d ~ i a o>* a-- , by ^ " " ^ T ^ i ^ a t o n a l ii d r t i ~ d , t o appltod to th . toa to r into < d .ptoUBg of t o . d-- ptodnaag a a ta k hot, iu tm m F ie . 4.--E xhaust at D isin tb o h a to b C i a m r u e . D iiin tfg n b r i (not thon) ir e ibove lb chambers. Ui 10. Chambers m connection w ith D u m U g ru io rt, and W ille y s, Teasing and similar M achines, and Bins for Opened M aterial. Chambers axe aot nocesury for delivery from wiileye, teesere or umiiar opening machines for textile materiel, end automatic collection uiu be adopted. This is also true for disintegrators working ou ceruun classes of material and it is hoped that it will eventually prove to be the case for all. In oertain non-textile work, e.g., mattress making, a -reserve of opened bulk material must be stored and chambers axe regarded as essential. Whether these are entered or not, exhaust should be applied to handling points and in addition possibly other safety measures, e.g. , respira tors, limitation of hours worked by individuals, etc. Bins to be treated as chmnhers. TTnwiiing includes shovelling, weighing and imilKr m anip ulation The chambers deals with la this Agreement a n Shoes is which opened materiel it deposited--either by she direct setion at the opening machinery or by being blown forward by s fan oeansmed to the discharge of the opening enhiisrr sail which are entered by the workers. Bine a n open storage placet to which matenal'ia takaa sad irom which it is ft collected when required. la view of the tenons nek of inhalation of dost resulting from trork in chambers sad at bias, the Committee hare carefully considered whether it was possible to rinomiitnri their prohibition but regret that it not to at the present tuns. Alternative amngaaseate can be need for much chamber work. Fig 5 shows a system now applied extensively to deal with opened material from disintegrators. An exhaust fan ooaaaeted with the delivery from the dis integrator blows tho material into a large hopper container, from which it it ooliteted, under prentirally dust-frso conditions; s travelling band at tbs base of the --* conveys it to a reversible bagging lattice. Ths travelling bend is innlnttd and " setltd " at the delivery point by e pressure roller. The air, tread at its oherge at asbestos, is returned from ths sente iner, being is isuinlslsil through tho system to ths fan inlet. Ftness air snaring the ijstem is released at a Altering " balloon " ooaanotad to a branch duct on the retars air lias. If shamben art discarded, it is important that apparatus which is reasonably free from risk should be substituted, e.g., lattices fitted with exhaust as previously dsenrihsd. Storage chambers for mattrecc making can be arranged to that it it aot neoasaary to enter them for the Ailing of sacks, etc. n o filling is does from ths front nadtr ths inAuaaot of an oxhnuat draught. All ehamhen which are tutored should ba under an exhaust draught but it docs net appear to ba possible to prevent tbs inhalation of dust sutlnvsntly by this means. Fending the elimination of chamber, other pneewtioaa should be adopted so indicated in the Agreement. _ 11. Carding. Exhaust to be applied to all cards at feed apron, licker-in. haad of cylinder and each doffer comb and brush. Collection of carded fibre is dusty and aihanst should bo applied. The Agreaaeaat is iateadsd to applj te ell types of carding machines. 17 18 Tba differeat taetbod* of appiytng Thanat adoptad ap to ha praaaat urna ara not eqnaily lacoamfol. Tba Oosmunaa bava noma to tba ooa- ciuuon tbat tba moat nccMafni metbod yat damaci of appiyiag ezbeuat Tantilation to oarding is that la aaa at Marni. Tornar Broa. Asbaotoa Co.. Ltd., Boobdala. Tbia firn bava adoptad a ataadard arraage- MBt wbicb u bttad to aaoO sa oarding giacmma uiataUad (Fig. S). Tba foUoviag daacnpuon baa baas praparad is tba aain from sotaa auppliad by tba fina :-- Firo machia aa a mariniim ara asbaoatad by osa mais; tba fan diacbarging to ita iadopoadoat aottiiag piaat. Aitar nctallauon, astanaiona and allamtioni ara Dot parauttad. Not mota tban osa oard on aaeb aat ia por mitted to ba nltanad at osa tima. Dnrisg elaanisg a larga aoxiliary brancb oosaactioa, biob at otbar timaa ia abnt off by a alida dampar, ia brougfat iato nao at tba baad at A a ayiiadar to iaeraaaa tba air ramerai from tbat Applied at: (a) Cyhadar baad. (b> Food Aproa, (o) Fly Comba. (d) Lickar-m. manhme by a dadaite amonnt prendad for is tba deaign, aa daaeribad baio. No alida dampar ara prendad aseept tboaa on tba braaob oonnactoon and tba diatribntioa of tba draogbt oaaaot ba intarfarad vitb . No filtonng matanni ia oaad ia tba aattling tyatam (daaeribad intor); tba tentenna aud tba air retama ramata oonattat. trbanet ia appitad at tba foUoviag poiau:--baad of eyliadar, faad aproa, 7 oomba, aad linkar-in, at all of taob aerar booda ara bttad. Bramai docta ara (wnainteri te betb atdaa ai tba aerar booda, azaapt at tba head for tba liobar-ta to biob a magia daot only ia ooaaaetad at osa aad, diractad to oostrol tba dnat aeroaa tba aatira vidth of esrd (Fig. 7). Pyramidal booda v itb oaatnl braaob daot oeaaactioai bara baaa aatiraly diaeardad. Tba aerar baad far th ayiador baad vbieb ia powally damgaad ia rymmatnoally eapportad 4 toa. abora aa opaaing ia tba top ai tba eyliadar aerar, a gap of tbia deptb, aa aaaa from tba feeling or lickar-tn fida of tba maehiae, baiag loft for mia f air from tba room (Piata 7). Tba epeniag ia tba eyliadar aerar ia 40^ iaa. ieag (for a eard 60 ina. ida) aad 13 ini. 19 r a n Armo* O ona Hooo i n Irm ioit O enaonoaa. Cuu rm m O o m Hood roa T in n rw m Xu id it Comnono*. N tt. Maraatiro toidX T a . 7. 20.. v ld t Xh, oacx and am of th* ooT.r hood u * malad off during cnrdmg o w T ru i^ * . flap t.It. " *hown. Th. effort of thu arrange ia that duct ruing from tha cylinder hand u caught by tha air ' ayavam from tha room through tha front gap, and carried away with a draught. Where hoode are ftxad directly to an opening in the oylmdar ooTarTthu aatufactory aault cannot ha obtained. Tha wooden ftap, whan turned bach, permita tha cylinder corer to be rained whan preparing for dsSBlBg. The araraga dnet ealocity throughout tha nyiUm ahould ba 6,000 f ' P " minute, hnatfactire area of 158 aquar# inchaa paondad intha main duct for -- k said, 48 ina. to 40 ma. wida, acoountad for aa follow*:-- (*> Tot C8rd`*' at. Cylinder bead: two 4-inch connection*............. ............. 25 Feed apron and Liskcr-in: one 44-inch connection............. Fly 00 ba: two 34-inoh oonnantun* .................................. ~ (approx.) ... 61 (b) For Card CSauawp and 0 rimdimt. Am. additioaai 100 eqear* mob, for tha ipaaul 11 in. auxiliary branch eoanaetioa (oro taoura 86 aq. ma.), b ro e* t into a aa required, aa prw T*AUmring ^or*oo# grinding ooonaction being in u , aiaetiea mam duot diameter* for th* eat of 5 card* are 14, 184, 17, 184, and j 1" **** Tha uniformity of dutnbouon throughout tha oitam u further anoured by aareful Uaignmg, e g . -- o - i . ~ ^ . of diameter in th* mam duct are mad# on the top, au n n g a b on n tn l.bam lina, and uteidiag any ttlamaat of duxt IB t^ i nslB dllCti , ,. Brsacbss o m t th# a sm s i aa aagis of aot aor# thsa 30 to tbs Ua# of flov. Joaotioas i n aaoothlj flniihsd'iatsnully. Tiaasd iroa is u sd to a ia ia ia fricuoa. gliding sad eissaiag doon srs aot a iiw T y bat sad *P* P1" pPS S S ` far tha'commom. which hare to be broken end ra-mada for olaauing purpee. Pip* end* terminating in muff coupling* are wired internally and ftaidiari (Booth; muff oouplmg* are wired externally. Corded Fihra.--ha pterionaly raferred to, th* collection by band of oardad ftbra ratalte in attrition of th* material which may rubjact th* worker* " riak. Suitable preoentMU are a........... including tha application of afieiant enhanot dxmnght, which th* O a a itM rueogniaa may ba dificuit. Thu can ba aruidnd by adopting antoaatis collection at tha manhina, u fonnd m oartain facton, aa molined lattiua (Tig. 8) being prerided m front of th# duffer, to which e ^ a u t ia applied in Fig. . " Saotoh" feed and athar Itttiaae, for feeding boeweea breaker and w-- aurda, may gir# rua to a amount of t outing ftbru. Tha mora ____ a aiov and tha M tarial, in tha for of a ftaaoa, i* bat little du- tarhod. Tha Oemmitlee regard tha amount of flouting ftbra likely to ho ao M all, prondad th* lattic are maiwtaiaod ia attoiaat ardar, to aimiau MdiMdi prsosotifim aaasennry. , Tha OomauMaa'i laocmwweditinn* to dial with duot ia tho Ailing of Uttioo hopper* (me l |i n *1 1) owe isWudad to apply to hopper feed u g io u et curding machine. In cue larp word*, the opened amrial i, hreeght ia hag* of mhba^proofad fabric; tho aouth ia ow hat larger 22 then the bottom. Tbmo ba giw no to much km duet than tbo oriiai7 ... ,, baking oat u not required to looaan clinging material. They are baini brought into am ter all trao^ort o< ubrntot within tb . factory. At U uitectoryT all the lattiom ara gtted with metei ooven kept doaad during Um praoam enoept whan feeding u aaoamary. For tbia operation, the bag u ;-- ia tba feed opauag provided ia tba oover. Soma feed boppara with sloth r a n . bat thaaa oaaaat ba reoommended. 12. Card Stripping (Cleaning). Wan/4 trickling, or other hand cleaning proceaa before grinding, give* ru e to very duety condition end ihould be prohibited. tv, llhirtff, Baport draw ipeoial attaetua to tba aatiamaiy duety operatioa of oard aad dollar okaniag with bead etmeklm, aa d to thajnadaquaie maadard of duat aapprmaina reached. The Baport ako rafarrad to tba pomibility that a amcbinirally^paratad braab might ba danaad which, with a ^ a o it applied, woald ba aBaetiaa ia reducing tba daat. Tba Committee ftad that* break of tbia daacnpttoa (Plata 8) daaigned by Mamie. Bm ub IH a i-f * Aabtr-- Ltd., Olaobbaavm, baa baoa oa tnal for tarn tuna aad baa idtas mack eatiafeetion both for akaning aad for doat enppramiea; tba Committee ara glad to report that tba firm have do obiaetion to other nhmtni irtaa adapting tbk appliaaaa. Tba following partioolan bare baao prepared from aotaa aoppliad by tba Arm. A revolving cylindrical braki, faoad with oard dothing, k almoat oomplmaly in ri---- 1 within a over, eenaowed by gamble armoured boaa to a partabk vacuum plant. Tba expneed pmuiea of the bruab atfaeta the cia*"teg, tba doat created being removed by tjm drmogbt. on a " Droaafwid " traveree wheel grinder aohanirm (No. 130) by which it k moved alowiy to aad fro aerate tba oytiader or doffar aa required. The maebankm U mt up in tba grinding braakete aad ia driven m tba m ^oar adopted ia many taxtik earka for am tn van a oard -lading. When the card baa run dear aad all feller, alaarem, faneim, ate. have bean re moved, tba twe defer ara drown book * in. from tba cylinder, ouiuble dietaaoe piaoaa, a.g. waabara, being inaartad between tba defer oarria and tba main frame. A " Dnumbald " alow motion drive ia i a d to tba bottom defter haft (Fig. 9), tbk giving tba neoaaaary^motion, * .* *> atJa an# tVn monhino a ik* bbmt fifilAr Aad tkt orliadar (Fifc. 10). Tat A * . Fw. 9. . J- fmmy Am*l *' Fo 10. 23 diameters of venous pulleys required are aa marked; that of the card cylinder shown la fiO in*. The puiiey B (Tig. 9), kick is normally a faat Tullay, mult ba convertible into a looaa pulley. For tan purpoaa, a look jolt kaa baan provided aa aaad is latkaa. Tha orarall diameter of ba brash, l.a. orar tha ripping wire, ahould ba tha aama aa that of tha fin d in g rollar. Tha bruak saad kaa as outside diamatar of 7 ina. and a ipaad of 400 rarolutiona par minuto. A lurfaea paad of tha card clothing of about 90 ft. par nuauta has proved satisfactory. Tha apasd of tho traverse is so arranged that for one oompiete revolution of the cylinder or doffer, tha brush, S ina. wide, moves slightly laaa than the width of tha wire theraon; in tha present in t anos the movement is Si ms Tho pitch of tha traversa screw is l i ina. and a further moans of adjust ment is provided by the twin pulley drive shown in Plate S. The pulley A on the tnbe drives the double joefcey swinging pulley B by means of a bait. A freed belt drives pulley C, which ia lxed ea tha traverse screw and mads so that it ana ha slightly eapended, allowing tha rata of travorae to ba adjusted aa required. A Sturtavant No. 4 terbias vacuam cleaner ia aaad for oollactiag tha dust. Tha Committee fad that, in view of tha raaosas achieved with this mechanical denning brash, tbs Trade ahoeld at ones taka steps to adopt it sad that the head propeas ahaaid be prohibited. IS. Card Grinding. Card grinding may be productive of eibeetoe dust end efficient exhaust should then be applied. The Agreement applies to the grinding of cylinder and doffan ; vary little metallic dust ia produced and if preliminary cleaning is efficiently dona, as with the mechanical brash described ondar Agreement 19, tbs amount of asbestos dost should alio ba amali and tha ordinary aahanst arrangements provided at tha machine oapabla of effecting ita removal. 14. Grinding of m a il Card Rollers at Grinding Machine. This process is dusty end efficient exheust should be applied. Efficient arilanet ia readily applicable (Plata 9) to the grinding trama or machine normally uaad. Tha enclosure of tha machine should ba aa oompiete aa practicable. The present matbod of oollactiag tha heavy debris which falla within the machine, by raking tha material to tha shop door, givaa rise to much dust which would ba obviatad if shallow containers, e.g. trays, ware provided, to rseeivo tha malarial as produced. 16. Card Waste E nd Machines. The delivery of the fibre by blowing it upon open perforated cages produoes d u ty conditions and officiant exhaust should be eppiied. Waste soda ahould bo eoUaotad only under " auction " conditions (Pig. 11). Where a maohina of tha type shown in Pig. IS is adopted, tha dbra being blown upon perforated syiinAan to which asthnuat ia not applied, d u ty conditions are inevitable. Tha Agraamawt, ia affect, would prohibit the use of such a machine I H \ r '/ \ 3 J L --Mr svs M ^''^ <r<l J) / ~X^ ` * / / f -ffS S y - w w sw m Tie. 11 Ctitr W ean Suo kU cum . 25 DUP 1141997 26 16. Derby Doubler Machine*. The " duit " oonditiom do not appear to ceil tor ipeciel action at praaent. Darby doubler are bat littio aaed tad only fira rue to a mall amount of doit. ' 17. Spinning, including Doubling, Plaiting, and Braiding. Tting ipumiiig if duity and officiant oxhouat atmnM ba applied. The amount of duat produoad in flyer pinning, doubling, plaiting and braiding ia apparently not inch aa to nacaaaitate proviaion Of nrhanat u r ta | m n ti B iff pinning ia nhi intmlj aoru d u ty than flyar apianiag. a t tba Capa Aibaatoa Co., Ltd., Barking, eifenut raatilation baa raoaatly baan aueeaaa(ally appliod to ring pinning, an ahown la Fig. IS, aad tba ooaditiou in couoqiian graatiy improved, dart not baing riaibk at braathing laaal. A. aorta of booda, ooonaatad to boriooatal ashaoat duou abort tba tin rallan, art fltted babind tba epindlm oa aaeb ada of tba frmaia, aaob bood riaaltng with tba dart in n i , i or 9 epindlm. Tba kwar porta of tba frnaaaa aad tba aada bar baao oloaad in with rood panalling, to ooaoaatrnta tba flow of air to tba axfcaait booda morn oompktaly at tba epiadk baa. Tba total roloaa at air rammed from aaob pinning tram u aatimatad at >,400 eabia faat par minota. Tba amagamaata do not obatroct tba proeaan Tba Ooamnittaa bar explained at an aariiar tag of tbia Boport that flyar pinning earriad on without arhanat dnogbt may ba prodootira of <o littk d oit that axbaoit raatilatioa for ita nppramion doaa not, in tba light of praaant knowkdga, appaar to ba aaoamary. Tbay bara tbarafora not xuggmtad praoaationary maasoraa for flyar (pinning, bat it may bo that o n pinning of tbia kind ia oamad oa oadar lam latufaotory eoodittou than tboaa indieatad aad ia that caaa praeantio u will ba oaoaaaary. ia axhaoxt raatilatioa baa now boon ioonaaifally appliod to ring pinning, it appaar that it ooold alao ba adoptod for flyar pinning if aaoamary. 18. Warping and Winding. The " duat " oonditiona at theae machine do not appear to call for action at preaent. Tba Committaa bara fonaad tba opinion that tba ooaditiou in tham proeaaaa art, in ganaral, probably not lam atiafaotory than tboaa ia flyar pinning which tba Oommittaa bara taken ai tba " d u t datum." It may be, boworar, that d u t datarminatiou will tbam that in cartain dronmataaem more daaty oonditiou prarail, ia which m m rwmadial maaaorm aboold ba adopted, a.g. by applying Wmaliaad aabaost. 19. Wearing. Dry wearing ia neceiwry for r u in clnaaea of yarn end epperently cannet be diacontinued. Dry wearing (except fine yarn lilting*) and much ao-callori wet wearing ia duity and axhauit i I h a . 14.-- E x haoit Vx n tiu t io h at C u n a Loom.-- Appiim i o n d a r W arp. should be applied at least (a) between the fell of the cloth and the heaids and (b) between the healda and the back reat. The method of applying the draught cannot be atandardiaed at preaent owing to the varying type* of looma in uae. Sinos the issue of the Asbestos Beport, the pomibility of applying localised exhaust *dilation d o t effectively at loom baa Mao investigated at the works with which tho Trade representatives ara ooanaetad. Tha rasuiu obtaioad aow that it is pomibls by exhaust ventilation to reader oondiuons in tha prooaas as satisfactory aa in flyer gin n in g, but tha oast is onimrierahla Tha lass dusty conditions have bssn obtained by applying the draught under tha warp. Inverted --"***"; hoods ara placed both in front of and behind tha heaids sod as oloae to them aa oan oonveniantly be arranged (Fig. 14). The mouth of each hood should be as oloae as possible to the 'warp threads. For aside looms, two hoods in line should be used instead of a iegi* hood, to a more uniform drought over tha entire width of the loom. The hoods must he arranged eo aa to afford assess to the bottom jacks or tappets. Tha under emrp st heust may bs supplemented by aa additional exhaust hood, of tspseed form, flttsd above the breast, oon- aeoted at its larger end with a hruaoh duet et the side of the loom. Ex- ampieo ere ehewu in Fig. 18. Hue piwvimou is made to remove dust pro- duoad in beating up. Tha forward movemaot of the slay may prevent some of the dust from " t drown to the hood uadsr the warp, in which case it is desirable that tha breast hood should be fitted. The exhaust hoods sad doom ara mooh largar than thorn hitharto adopted sad the volume of air removed is considerably greater. 29 PI*** 10 tfcowt * rc*nt application of exhaust m kick hoods a n fitted TkT * **" " d t tka beating-up point. Thu method follows tbo oklor pracuca, bat tka hoods a n of large dimanmont md tka volume of air n moved par minnta u mack greater than pnvtouaiy. Tka oonaidarabla coat involved in providing azkauat ventilation on tkaaa liberal linos will inevitably load tka Trada to adopt wot methods whenver possible. Suck methods hitherto base not, in many cases, rHu~rd the dost to the low concentration required. Damping has been done in a m on or leea kapkaaard manner, e.g. by wet brnaking of the warp or by dipping the shuttle cop in water. The Ooomittee do not think any wet method should be aocepted nnlaaa it can be shown, by actual tost, that the n s w i n reduction of dost baa been aohiered. 1 ___ PLA* Ift taw i ~ ^ ?r --------- -- -- iLil --------------- ----------! IM ! ' Hi --1 1 l-fU 1 hi 1 Fio. 16.--haaaxouuwT or Wans Tear a n In u mn War Waawara. A has racantly bean adopted which is apparently mon aifectiTe than those referred to. An idle niiar, partly imiaenad in a shallow tray of water, u provided under tka warp. (Tig. 19). AH the arnrp threads in tarn mako oootact with thia wet roller. The Oammittee feel that tkm --->--< aad others which eappnm dnst, mey ho fe u d to be satisfactory. The ftae liatiaga nfarrad to ia the Agnaraeat a n vary narrow " unat " which grra nee to little or m d m . 30 30. Proctue* rubiequent to Weaving, Cloth Examining, Prueing, Calendering, etc. The conditions m to dust do not appear to call for special action at present. The final prooaeaaa on woven fabrioa are not entirely free from duat, but i t appear th a t tbs concentration ia laaa than m dyer tpm nina. 21. Mattrue Making. Mattress making gives rise to much dust. Fibre-filled mat tresses should be effectively dampad and, if this is not sufficient to suppress the dust, exhaust should be applied. Such exhaust may be by cross ventilation of the room. Benches and floors should be water sprayed. Efficient respirators should be worn during filling, beating or levelling. Toaulauon baa not yvt, to far aa tbs Committee nr* w ars, baan appliod to mattrana making. The prodloan prmanta exceptional difficulty, especially aa regards large msinsmaa Tbo OnwmiWos believe, however, that precautions can bo takas which should roduos tbo dost in tbo air to a low concentration (osoopt daring tbo intom ia roqoirod for filling and for boating or levelling oat) bat little different from tbnt found in fiyer pinning Tbo precautions rooommondod are:-- (o) Directional crooa ventilation applied in oocb workroom aa in Fig. 17. Tbo Tontilntion effected la equivalent to about IS changta of oir par boar. Tbo froob air apply, suitably arnraod in ooi l wootbor, ia admitted on one aide of tbo room at about 4 ft. above tbo finrr, at a aertao of openingi on tbo inclined upper face of tbo air trank, ao being directed lightly apwarda. Other oponinga, e.g. wmdowt, ere kept cloead. The dost-leden air ie ex tracted at the other tide of the room through an opening in a large duet, which ii exhagated by e propeller fan, discharging to the ntmonpbare. Tha benebea art placed parallel to tbo line of air flow. (b) Dtvuioa of workroom by pernllel pnrtitiano into two, three or more am iler oompnrtmonto, to obown. Daring filling, wbiob ia done by onn or two worker, tbo other workers are withdrawn to adjoining eompartmante to work on filled mettrim n. A oontinuooa peseege-wey is left long the extraction tide of the oompartmeste, door* being provided in tbo partition on tbia aide. (c) Wide peeing of bench Over-crowding of mattrana making work room with benebea, materiel, etc. ia particularly undesirable. (d) Damping of floors, workbeaches sad maltreat covers. The Committee attach rpecial importance to tbia prooaation which, whan done efficiently, tuppreeeee the duat appreciably. Xffactive meena for preying Soon end boachoo aboald be provided. Fleer end bench ahoald be kept damp during working bear. The coven for fibre filled SMttremae abould be thoroughly sprayed previous to filling, and tha same precaution adopted ae for eo poaubie for m atinee covan geasrally. Most of the matSrassee made ia textile factories ere filled with asbestos fibre, " magnesia" or ether aompoaiuoaa which contain a proportion of aabastm not being mad. The Agreement baa been drawn up with special regard to the condition under wbiob fibre dllsd mattraseas (the making of whiah is deebtiem stteedsd with the greeter risk) are manufactured. Tbs OammiHi i fast, however, tbnt their ie-- snrlstinna, with eertaia exaspttom, oea and ahaid be applied to the ws kltg of all m alatina msttraaan prodeotive at aabastoa duet. 81 Ta. 17.--Caoai Vnrm^no tm Sn-unuoii ot Milani K u m B o o k . 22. Sep Dus: abouid charge: any wc Tb* A ing pir fin t <iui Dus: xhaus to iSet Tb* C inatal p p articu ; r* q u ir* t p articu l Tb* u b o t tb* m ay b* tructui om* di ad v*: iaelm M **atb*r larg*r f Al fi! m ain t* t o a 1 b* ab i targ * o oolU et* cham bc l u *S C W an ir vaanni ffcian : lad * n i Eac oprai air ac noces: Th* cal* t B o t tfc en-- t t b t i o. iat*ad arrang thi* tb aa 22. Separation oj Dust Collecting Apparatus from Workrooms. Dust collecting and separating plants, including balloons, hould be effectively separated from workrooms and the air dis- -liarged from such plants should not be allowed to escape mto any workroom. * The A greem ent ia directed egainat th e p ractice of m etallin g duet ooUociiag p lan ts, and particu larly those proe idaid w ith filtering fabnca to arre et fine duet, in the workrooms. 28. Dust Filtering Apparatus. Dust filtering apparatus provided in connection with a system of exhaust ventilation should be so designed and maintained as not to affect the efficiency of the exhaust side of the system. The Committee recognise that the Trade generally mast be prepared to mstel plant of the highset affieaawcy end so to maintain it. Soane of the particulars given ia variooa Agresaaente era intended to anggast minimal requirement# for varione detail# of each plaata, and thaee end other particular! will afford, the Committee hope, aeeful guidance to deeigaen. The uauel prectaea ia the Trade ia to nee filtering fabric for daet eetsliag, hot the overall area of each malarial is often insufficient. Leek of room may be the manna for fifcis. Ttg. IS show* an external dost filtering structure need ia one large works, n o material, s ooarea rabne, permits tome dust to past into the atmosphere, but the structure is in the open air end well separated from all tha factory buildings. Tbs deep eaves and tbs inclined shields under them prevent tha fabric becoming wot in rainy weather. The deep rectangular cavities mads in all the tides afford s much larger filtering area than would otherwise be possible on an equivalent apace. Aa filtering fabrics become dirty, the dust removal aeonot be constantly maintained at the highest efficiency. Automatio cleaning tpparatns might, to a large extent, remedy this but it has not yet bean adopted. One firm bee abandoned filtering fabric in favour of a dust settler which oonaiste of a large dumber into which the fan discharges end where the heavier dust collects, and e cyclone for settling finer dust, connected directly to the tamber (Tig. 19). This settling plant takes np e large cubic space. * aIfoct on the dual removal plant dose ant vary--en important advantage. Cleaning is only nansaasry once every few months, the men ooaccrued than wearing respirators. A cyclone need in this wsy appears to be a more efficient apparatus for settling fine dost than when need for reeeiving dust laden air direct from tha fen. 24. Factory Ventilation and Heating. Each workroom should be ventilated so as to ensure the efficient operation at all times of all dust removal plants therein. The air admitted for ventilatio n should be sufficiently wanned, when necessary. The dust removal plaata ia ashamae textile works era on n>* e large scale that inadequate ventilation of the factories need not be anticipated. Bat the arrangements for tho supply of fresh air auy be inadequate ia soma cease to assure the aecamary air mersaeeat to the extraction points. Should this occur, the efficiency sf tho d S im i l i l will fell. The Agraaamnt is intended to obviate this. Ia maay factories, plsnnm ventilation, with arrangements for heating tha air apply ia eeid westhsr, are iaetelled, sad this should be the general practise. 34 I I 35 25. Precautionary Leaflet for Worker*. Precautionary leaflet for the guidance of workers m the industry should be prepared by the Hom e Office. The Committee think mash good would result tad apprehension bs allayed by distributing to all workers i d tbs industry and to no* work* antonng it, a in sist giving tbsm information in snsple tnrms 9I tho risk i ttsedant upon inhalation of eihsr'in dust, and bow bast tbit risk can bo aroidod. Tboy understand that the isadata issued in other industries lor seek purpests have bean productive of n u d i good. Note on Factory Cleaning.--The Trade members have made careful trials of various system s of vacuum cleaning and the Comm ittee are disappointed w ith the results. T he Committee think that when the improvements recommended above in th is Report are effective, the danger attendant on dry cleaning -will not be so greet ee was anticipated. I 1I DUP 1142007 36 APPSNDIX. (nonio Damiovatio* or Don. Tho d o tt la am atad in a unall quantit of aofar piaoad io a Gooc Cr0m j *" * aftarvard duuirad in vaiar and Sharad tbroaan a tarvd Sitar papar w bidi i* aftarvard* driad and ra-vaigbad. ( li praiarrad " voighad.) P*P" a a y j uaad and aftarvamfc b ar io ab and Tka airtacaaaat od tha apparato la bovn tba draviaa balov. Tha rr? (41- *"1"J--*** 9 ^ W " " M i faabiaa iMo tba aaek ai a Aitar b0*" - . '*)> * " * " anaoaaiad by robbar fb in g tkioagb a " T " band (3) to tw -- <*>: ** P" P *ka 1* f a drawo op tba " Jaiaad tfctoogbavt at tba aurb (A) a tbat aacb traka * ^ ed: ^ rti!riirat^jT, w a-votar a l ' plaaad bapaad tka Gaaoh arvaiUa. A larga )* aa*al W ld ,, V1*" " 1. ** * tar aad tba ialat ta tba Oaacb n a b la te pivraat nadoa ioetaattoa od privar*. Tha n b M aforateat of aaab atroka is tbaa aiaartaiaatl. . 037.' 037.1 U DUP I I 4 ? 0 0 9 DUP I 1 4 7 0 1 0 P i. a t E 6( b i. DUP I 1i ? OI I ciozvu dna 8 ** HASKELL LABOR* Platc 0. Pun DUP 1142015