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FILE NAME Armco ARM DATE 1934 Apr DOC ARM004 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION O.I.C. Monitor - Bulletin of the Industrial Commission of Ohio = FROM INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION OF OHIO DIVISION OF SAFETY AND HYGIENE COLUMBUS OHIO Return Postage Guaranteed SecS5. 62 POSTAGE Paid . COLUMBUS OHIO PERMIT No. 623 O.I.C. MONITOR BULLETIN OF THE INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION OF OHIO Prepared by THE DIVISION OF SAFETY AND HYGIENE T. P. KEARNS Superintendent MEMBERS OF THE INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION THOS M. GREGORY Chairman L. E. NYSEWANDER . T. A. EDMONDSON Secretary . J. W. BEALL Issued monthly Sent free upon request to the Division of Safety and Hygiene Columbus O. VOLUME VII APRIL 1934 NUMBER 4 SAFETY IS BETTER THAN COMPENSATION t) Prom Ohio Industrial Commission Monitor TABLE OF CONTENTS } i Safety Sentiment Grows ... 0.6... eee ec eee cece eens cee. PAGE 894 Lead Poisoning Leads in Severity of Occupational Diseases in 1933 .895-896 With Division Speakers i oe 896 February Accident Statistics bi seees We eee ^' eee cece cence ee aes 897 Recent Commission Findin eee cg c ceces eee 898-899 Safety Tabloids ....... 6.0 eee 899 Safety : Mine Contest 900 PTE eee eee eee eect eect cette nea nee Campaign Safety Meetings 0... Employment : of Minors ee. 901 Reduced Awards Made at Youngstown 000000000000 901 902 Awards for Safe Driving 00.0... eee 903 District Safety Campaign oo... ME 0 903 ME Miscellaneous Safety News 0... eee, 904 ME S-e-e SAFETY SENTIMENT GROWS The most striking evidence that Ohio employers ... appreciate that there One noticeable feature of these campaigns is the are tangible rewards for increasing number of safety work is the persistency with which it is participants and the in- being carried on even in the face of creased percentage of those who have had clean conditions calculated to dampen interest in anything but pro- safety records Even more impressive is the steady he duction and profits decrease being shown in accident frequency and During the opening months of 1934 the division's severity among the various groups which in itself is sufficient incentive for new campaigns In facilities have been taxed to the utmost in giving instances this has been some the fullest measure of service in wide and has especially marked and there community campaigns with the prospect for even developed a general appreciation of the value of safety to both employers and workers greater demands in the near future Ohio industry as a whole has Confirmation of the steady growth of interest is gains for recorded some real found in the steadily increasing number of par- safety in the past year This statement is based solely upon the statistical reports and ticipants in these campaigns This demonstrates without reference to not only that the pioneers in these various move- the payroll or hour exposure ments recognize the value of safety but also that figures on which are not yet available dustrial groups that have been But in- H there has been a remarkable growth in safety spirit terests in pooling their in- in industry in the past few years progress safety campaigns have made more real in accident prevention than Ohio indus- Among the groups which are now or soon will be engaged in state efforts to cut down acci- try as a whole Backed by group records we this without fear of say dent frequency and severity and the economic costs successful contradiction incident thereto are construction mining cleaners What the future holds in store for our industries in the way of safety appears to us to depend and dyers refiners wholesale petroleum distribu- largely upon our tors quarries and lime burners In addition the and success in enlisting the support meat packers are shaping up plans for a state cooperation of some of the large and impor- campaign tant groups which have never attempted organized Notable among the community groups in which industrial safety effort has predominated and in which safety campaigns have become an annual in- safety effort among these have been by Were the frequency and groups controlled as well some of the manufacturing severity as they classifi- stitution are those in Cleveland Cincinnati Youngstown Canton Akron Elyria Zanesville Newark Pomeroy and Warren Some of these are of a permanent character notably those in Cincin- nati Cleveland Canton and Zanesville while in the other centers the usual Safety Week program is be- ing supplemented with a longer period of industrial safety activity with scores of plants competing for records Dayton and surrounding territory is the latest in line for united effort with a district safety conference on April 12 calculated to interest em- ployers and workers of the entire Miami Valley cations accident records in Ohio could be pointed to with more pride than is now warranted progress We are pinning our hopes on the future of safety in Ohio industry on the thought that the will manifold evidences of the practical value of safety eventually appeal to the indifferent ones and that they will cease contributing more than their share to the establishment of accident records and give industry a fuller measure of cooperation both individually and collectively in keeping down the toll THOS P. KEARNS Superintendent LEAD POISONING LEADS IN SEVERITY OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES IN April 1933 134 A preliminary classification of the claims filed for occupational disease shows a total of 1,218 for the year ending December 31 1933. As these claims are classified at the time the preliminary report is filed changes are made occasionally when the claims are given further consideration It is probable therefore that the figures here mentioned will not correspond exactly with the final report Each year a number of claims are filed for such conditions as tuberculosis asthma bronchitis and va- rious inflammations and infections of the organs of the body together with diseases of the nerves heart and blood vessels As such conditions are not listed in the occupational disease law as compensable these claims are immediately listed as being compensable During 1933 there were 138 claims so classified There were therefore 1,080 claims which are probably compensable and if satisfactory proof is filed will be paid when presented to the Commission It is probable however that a number will be disallowed because of lack of proof of disability resulting from an occupational disease or because of failure to comply with the provisions of the compensation law In classifying the claims considered compensable it is found that 744 were filed because of some disease of the skin Most of these are classed as dermatitis which means an inflammation of the skin probably due to some irritating substance The law provides that these skin diseases are compensable if they are due to the injurious effects of oils cutting compounds or lubricants dust liquids fumes gases or vapors As most of the claims show that there has been exposure to some of the above named causes a large percentage of dermatitis claims are found compensable It should be noted that these claims comprise more than 68 per cent of the compensable claims filed during the year Many of these claims are for the payment of medical expenses with no claim for compensation due to the fact that there was a loss of less than seven days employment In many claims there is no loss of time due to the fact that the claimants kept on working at some suitable employment while under treatment As there are many skin diseases which are not due to occupation care should be taken that claims are not filed unless it is reasonably certain that the work of the claimant was responsible for the development of the disease Lead poisoning was responsible for the filing of 137 claims during the year Nine of these were fatal In looking over the various industries from which cases have been reported it is found that several were responsible for most of the lead poisoning claims These industries are storage battery manufacturing printing paint or enamel spraying or dipping and lead manufacture or smelting In some of the lead claims filed there was no loss of time but in others the period of disability extended from a few weeks to several months and in a few instances some of our claimants have never returned to work following lead poisoning The fatal claims are nearly always due to some complicating disease which developed during or following lead poisoning From the standpoint of time loss lead poisoning is the most serious of the diseases reported After deducting the lead poisoning claims there re- mains 199 claims due to other conditions Of this number 172 were found to be attributed to tenosynovitis and prepatellar bursitis with 148 due to the former and 24 to the latter Tenosynovitis is an inflammation of the tendons of the arm and wrist resulting from frequently repeated motions of the hand and forearm causing pain swelling and tenderness This quite often occurs when employees are assigned to some employment to which they are unaccustomed and the painful arm or hand results Prepatellar bursitis is an inflammatory condition of the knee which usually develops from continued kneeling on hard or uneven surfaces Scrub women miners and cement finishers quite often develop this condition The remaining 27 claims were found in the following eight classifications Volatile petroleum products gasoline naphtha benzine 6 benzol or derivatives 6 brass or zinc 5 sulphur dioxide 3 potassium cyanide 3 carbon dioxide 2 arsenic I carbon bi- sulphide 1 Considering the total number of claims for the year it should be noted that there is a slight increase over 1932 when 1,135 claims were filed For the last four or five years the number of claims filed has been near 1,200 per year so that it is safe to estimate that the rate of occupational disease claims is about 100 per month Experience has shown however that most occupational diseases are preventable and that in many instances the development of the disease is due to lack of proper precautions sometimes on the part of the employee sometimes on the part of the employer and quite often on the part of both In some instances the employee is careless about handling some poisonous substance such as lead benzol etc. or refuses to use a respirator or other precautions when such is recommended In many instances especially in dermatitis and the handling of lead products cleanliness is of great importance and the employees are negligent about making proper use of the wash room for the removal of dust or irritating substances Occasionally 895 employers have failed to provide proper washing fa- cilities respirators helmets gloves or other equipment necessary to properly protect employees from the hazards existing ; With the proper operation on the part of both employer and employee it is probable that much could be accomplished in the reduction of occupational diseases throughout the state WITH DIVISION SPEAKERS Supt Thos P. Kearns of the division spoke on How Compensation Costs Can Be Reduced at a meeting of the Ohio Lumbermen's Association at the Wallick Hotel Columbus on March 1. S. S. King was chairman of the meeting and O. L. Apple- ton C. T. Melander and R. C. Kuhlman were other speakers One hundred and fifty lumbermen attended the meeting On March 7 Mr. Kearns discussed the value of safety education in industry before the Industrial Engineering School of Ohio State University Asst Supt A. L. Rose represented the division on the program of the annual industrial safety banquet of the Cleveland Safety Council held in the Cleveland News Auditorium on the evening of March 8 there being 300 representatives of Cleveland industries in attendance Mr. Rose made the presentation of Industrial Commission certificates to group winners in the recent Greater Cleveland Industrial Safety Campaign F. A. Gage was chairman of the meeting and the speakers were Judge Lee E. Skeel president of the Council and Ed Bang sports editor of the Cleveland News whose silver trophy for the best safety record in the campaign went to Richman Bros. Co. and was accepted by G. H. Richman secretary of the company Safety Engineer H. P. Heyne spoke on Safety Responsibility at a reorganization meeting of the Stark County Foremen's Club held at the Swiss Country Club near Canton on the evening of February 19 about 300 being in attendance Robert M. Wallace was chairman and Prof. Russell J. Greenly of Akron University spoke on Human Relations in Industry On February 20 Mr. Heyne spoke on Universal Safety before 75 members of the Lion's Club of Canton Harry L. Sain special representative of the division spoke on What's Worse Than War at a dinner meeting of 65 members of the Wilmington Rotary Club S. S. Ontalt presided The same day he addressed 600 students of Wilmington High School at a meeting arranged by Supt H. W. Hodson and Principal J. O. Villars On Sunday evening February 25 he gave a safety talk before 45 members of the Fire- side Club of the First Congregational Church Columbus On March 5 he spoke at a meeting of 60 safety committee chairmen of the Stark County Campaign at Canton Harry Staley being chairman * On March 9 Mr. Sain made a safety talk to 60 employees of the Ohio Fuel Gas Co. at Homer with Lester D. Myers presiding and Compressor Supt Geo Knoch and Claims Agent P. A. Alberty as other speakers This meeting was a testimonial to a fine safety record the compressor station having completed 21 months and the Preston Oil Co. division 29 months without a time accident Safety Hygiene and Industrial Compensation was the topic of an address by Mr. Sain at a banquet of the Cleveland Chapter National Executive Housekeepers Association held at the Hollenden Hotel March 13. Miss Arlene R. Lance was chairman and addresses were made by Mrs. Adele B. Frey of the DeWitt Operated Hotels and E. T. Evanson of Williams Co. The guests at the banquet numbered 150 On March 15 Mr. Sain spoke on What's Worse Than War to 150 members of the Dunbar High School Teachers Association at Dayton Mrs. Franklin Dunlap was chairman of the meeting and an excellent musical and literary program was presented with Leslie L. Diehl leading the group singing and selections by the Wilberforce Quartet under the direction of Chas Higgins On the same day Mr. Sain spoke on the subject This Machine Age to 45 executives of the Inland Manufacturing Co. Dayton Supt Chas Nellis being chairman of the meeting and President Whittaker and Personnel Director Moler also stress- ing safety work Mr. Sain also spoke at the meeting of the Dayton Industrial Safety School on March 19 and on March 20 made an address on Safety and Courtesy to 150 members of The Three Star Club a girls organization of Ohio Fuel Gas Co. at the Athletic Club Columbus Miss Bernadine Gues president of the club was chairman of the meeting INFECTION IS DANGEROUS Apparently trivial accidents can become of major importance A specific case in question came before the Commission recently In 1931 a clerk employed at a Toledo hotel had answered a call at the hotel switchboard and in turning away struck his glasses against an iron pillar He sustained a slight cut on the nose which later became infected resulting in loss of part of the upper eyelid and almost all of the lower lid and the entire right eye He was totally disabled for over a year and the Commission recently granted him in addition to the compensation and medical expenses 1,000 for facial disfigurement The cost of this accident while heavy is purely incidental The sad feature of the case is that the victim of the acci- dent by reason of the disfigurement is seriously handicapped for the future 896 cinnati Ralph Bowsman Piqua and Opfer & Faber Sandusky Class The Van Gundy Co. Lancaster The Penker Construction Co. Cincinnati and The H. R. Blagg Co. Dayton Class 2B E. Johnson Co. Toledo Geo W. Tim- mons Inc. Columbus and Lewis & Copeland Con- struction Co. Lima Class The People's Steel Co. Cleveland and Bass Construction Co. Cleveland Class The Haddad Co. Cleveland The Cogito Construction Co. Cleveland and United Engi- neering and Construction Co. Sandusky Class Antonio Glaros Youngstown The Fifth City Wrecking & Lumber Co. Cleveland and D. Geo Lowry Canton Light and Power Campaign The wide campaign being conducted by the re- cently organized Ohio Electric Light and Power Safety _ League under sponsorship of the Industrial Commission of Ohio Division of Safety and Hygiene got un- der way in July but reports received for the opening month have not yet been tabulated About fifty plants throughout the state are entered in the contest Included in this number are all the ' large utilities and eighteen municipal plants which gen- workers erate and distribute electric power Itis estimated that close to 10,000 are rep- resented in the campaign Quarries Campaign With the close of June the sixth month of the state- wide Quarries Safety Contest the 50 firms completing reports for the entire period reported having worked 719,471.5 hours with 27 accidents a frequency rate of 37.5 Thirty of the firms went through the first half of the year without a chargeable accident On a basis of hours worked Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. Zanesville was first National Lime & Stone Co. Bucyrus second and Medusa Portland Cement Co. Toledo third The cumulative record of hours and accidents does not include the records of four firms whose June reports have not yet been filed MAKING SAFETY PAY Another striking example of the value of organized safety work is given by the accident experience of the Libbey Glass Co. Toledo during the past four years In 1930 the company had 687 medical cases with a time loss of 4,476 days for an exposure of 3,022,622 hours The need for greater accident prevention effort was recognized and in 1931 a organized safety department began to function In this year accidents were reduced to 204 and time loss to 2,080 days despite an increase of 464,184 hours of exposure The amount paid out for compensation by the Industrial Commission for injuries to the plant's employees in this year was 53,669.57 In 1932 while hours worked slumped to 2,860 865 accidental injuries dropped to 130 and time loss to 1,611 days while compensation costs were cut to 20,628.44 The revival in industry in 1933 shot the hours worked up to a new record of 4,388,295 yet accidents increased to only 237 and the severity was only 349 days greater than that of 1932 while compensation costs were still further decreased to 18 554.95 . Considered solely from an economic viewpoint the value of safety education to this firm is clearly defined in dollars and cents Over a period of only three years it saved 35,114.62 notwithstanding the fact that in 1933 its employees worked 901,489 hours more in that year than they did in 1931 Still further evidence of the fruits of safety effort put forth by the company is shown in the fact that the average time lost per accident was cut from 12.4 days in 1932 to 8.27 days in 1933 In May of 1933 the company changed from an eight day to a hour day and many new employees were added to the payroll In June 1933 the volume of business had increased to a point where a further increase in personnel was necessary and today the company employs about 3,000 people Much of the credit for the splendid success of the safety work of the Libbey Co. is due to managerial interest the effective safety system established under the direction of Safety Director C. A. Carson and the splendid spirit of cooperation prevailing among the employees AWARDED SUNOCO TROPHY On Wednesday evening August 15 at the Cleveland News auditorium in Cleveland The Sunoco trophy plaque for the best safety record in the wide Wholesale Petroleum Distributors Contest was presented by Safety Engineer H. M. Schnerer of the Division of Safety and Hygiene to J. G. Gordon Ohio division manager of the Shell Petroleum Corp. About 100 attended the meeting and addresses on safety topics were made by Special Representative Harry L. Sain of the Division of Safety and Hygiene Judge Lee E. Skeel president of the Cleveland Safety Council Sergeant Arthur Roth of the Cleveland Police Department Safety Engineer H. M. Schnerer and Glenn Byers St. Louis Mo. safety director for the Shell Corporation As a manifestation of their interest in safety the Canfield Oil Co. The Vacuum Oil Co. and the Shell Petroleum Corp. divided the expense of the meeting NATIONAL SAFETY Nov. 34 34 CONGRESS SESSIONS A GREAT IMPETUS TO MOVEMENT To attend a meeting such as that of the National Safety Congress at Cleveland last month listen to the many capable addresses before general and section meetings and attempt to segregate one particular trend of thought indicative of definte pressure being brought to bear on any one point looking to the solution of the safety problem is practically a hopeless task Many men of many minds are assembled in such gatherings There is very little of similarity in either the theoretical or practical application of solutions of- fered for accident ills Yet one was able to detect in the various addresses general theme which ment of harmony in deeply interested and and discussions something of a contributed to the positive elethe plans and purposes of the intensely enthusiastic delegates Keynotes of the Sessions No doubt the identification of this general theme would bring opinions as widely divergent as the group interests represented and influenced to no small degree by the sectional affiliations of the delegates Since our interest in safety is specifically directed toward accident prevention in industry our attempt to detect the keynote of the sessions was devoted to the addresses and discussions covering that phase of safety Our ' deductions led us to this conclusion consensus of opinion seemed to be that safety in this day is inextricably interwoven with the social problem that success depends largely upon management's willingness to counsel with its employees on accident prevention and that the necessity for human engineering is centered in the work of eliminating the hazards of loss of skill due to long periods of idleness and the rehabilitation of men as regards their mental attitudes traceable to the same cause Not one but many of the speakers made clear allusions to the new problems for safety created by changing social relations and the strong probability that these relations would necessarily have some degree of permanency Generally speaking it was predicted that the relations between management and men would necessarily be closer and as a natural consequence more harmonious It follows naturally that success of the safety program would then be dependent to a great extent upon the measure of participation in safety matters assured to employee representation This infers a closer human relationship between employer and employee a more general recognition of the mutual interests involved in accident prevention and a greater universal striving toward humanitarian as well as economic accomplishments for the cause While it was not humanly possible for any one person to hear even all the talks on industrial safety many of the section meetings being held simultaneously the writer listened to many of them and was impressed with the fact that a majority of the speakers either specifically or incidentally referred to the problem of the reinstated employee and his status as an asset or liability to plant safety The tenor of remarks along this line so nearly coincides with editorial expressions in The Monitor during the past year that repetition is unnecessary Old Truths Get New Meanings Expressions of opinion on a problem so thoroughly debated and analyzed over a long period of years as that of safety could hardly be expected to develop anything decidedly revolutionariyn safety thought and it is doubtful whether any new angles more significant than the ones just mentioned were developed But it is doubted if any session of the Congress ever presented an array of speakers who gave such force and significance to old and accepted truths No phase of the safety movement was overlooked in the compilation of the many programs and for five full days there was hardly an hour of the day or evening when it was not possible to hear discussed some topic of particular in- terest Everything connected with the sessions was on a magnificent scale The general sessions the section meetings the formal dinners and luncheons the topic sessions attracted an attendance which taxed the facilities provided The safety exhibit was bigger better and more ingenious than ever and the accommodations afforded by the Cleveland hotels met every requirement It was a stupendous affair too big to admit of detail yet too splendid to be dismissed with such generalities as are necessitated by the space at our disposal Taking into consideration the uncertain tendencies of the times it is doubtful if ever in the twenty years of its history the National Safety Council has had a more gratifying annual convention than that at Cleveland It was pleasing to the officials of that great national organization not only for the practical results achieved in advancing the cause of safety but in the confidence it reflects in the future of American social and industrial policies It demonstrated the power and influence of the Cleveland Safety Council the hospitality of the City of Cleveland and the extent quality of safety sentiment in Ohio The influence it will radiatteo every section of the union will be invaluable to the cause of universal safety and the stimulus it should give to industrial safety in Ohio is assured On the whole it was a remarkable program competently te 2pet sate alee - ... cae ete athe To devised and capably executed and reflects credit upon its sponsors , In view of the fact that there were literally hundreds of speakers on the various programs and that the cream of oratorical talent on every phase of safety activity was represented it would be unjust to single out any particular number for specific comment and a roster of even those who took part in the industrial meetings and their topics for discussion would fill pages of this bulletin Suffice to say that not many men in America of prominence in the field of safety endeavor were missing from the list All Ohio Day Ohio's participation centered in the exercises of All Ohio Day held on Tuesday October 2 at the Carter Hotel This was one of the largest and most representative group gatherings of the Congress and while primarily an Ohio meeting it was graced by the presence of officials of the National Safety Council the Cleveland Safety Council and representatives of in- dustry and officials of many other states The program opened with a luncheon meeting in the beautiful Rainbow Room at the Carter and its com- modious accommodations were taxed to the utmost to handle the hundreds who attended A. F. Allen sec- retary and treasurer of American Steel & Wire Co. Cleveland officiated as toastmaster An orchestra fur- nished music during the luncheon and the singing of America was led by Harry G. Ehret safety director of the Ohio Division of Workshops and Factories Governor White was scheduled for the opening ad- dress but was unavoidably absent and Thomas M. Gregory chairman of the Industrial Commission of Ohio opened the speaking program followed by L. E. Nysewander and J. W. Beall the other members of the Commission Each of the speakers discussed some phase of safety and touched upon some of the prob- lems encountered in the administration of the Work- men's Compensation Law Their remarks were en- thusiastically received the audience being unusually responsive to suggestions for bringing about improve- ment in industrial safety . A general session following the luncheon was pre- sided over by Supt Thos P. Kearns of the Division of Safety and Hygiene and group singing was led by Mr. Ehret who also favored the gathering with a solo Illness at the eleventh hour prevented the appearance on the program of Charles R. Hook president and general manager of the American Rolling Mill Co. Middletown O. but his paper on Management's Opportunity and Responsibility for Securing Employ- ees Cooperation in Accident Prevention was read and amplified by his assistant C. H. Murray The views embodied in the paper elicited much favorable comment from both employer and employee representatives at the meeting Labor's Interest in Accident Prevention was the topic discussed by James Wilson Cincinnati O. vice president of the American Federation of Labor Mr. Wilson who is an ardent safety advocate and an ac- tive figure in industrial accident prevention move- nients in Cincinnati corroborated Mr. Hook's view of the necessity for employee representatives in safety activities While charging full responsibility to management for safe working conditions he did not absolve the worker from equal responsibility for those failures of the human element which lead to injury injury Bernard M. Robinson Akron O. general counsel for the Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. had a really bril- liant address on The Personal Equation It was a logically built and beautifully phrased argument for the acceptance of personal responsibility for accident prevention and as is the case with all of Mr. Robin- son's safety talks was vociferously applauded For logic sequence effectiveness and oratorical excellence it was one of the best presentations of a safety thought that the writer heard at the Congress At the conclusion of the speaking program Chairman Kearns made the awards of certificates of safety merit to winners in the state mine safety contest sponsored by the Industrial Commission of Ohio and they were accepted by the representatives of the com- panies in attendance The results of this contest appear elsewhere in this issue Cleveland Industries Celebrate Another large gathering of the Congress probably the largest in which the Ohio delegates had a par- ticular interest was the banquet at the Cleveland Hotel on Tuesday evening October 2 celebrating the conclusion of the fourth annual Greater Cleveland In- dustrial Safety Campaign a movement sponsored by the Industrial Commission of Ohio and the Cleveland Safety Council More than 500 people had seats at the banquet tables and an excellent musical program both instrumental and vocal was presented Supt Thos P. Kearns of the Division of Safety and Hygiene and chairman of the Cleveland Campaign Committee presided at the meeting The guest speaker of the evening Whiting Williams of New York City substituted for Arthur H. Young president for industrial relations United States Steel Corporation Mr. Williams widely known an author on social topics traveler and adventurer had an intensely interesting talk on the social problems of the day as they were affecting and might further affect industrial relations Mr. Wil- liams arguments were well received and their general trend seemed to find favor with the audience Hugh Hinchliffe public relations director acting for Dan R. Hanna Jr. president of the Cleveland News Co. made the presentation of the Cleveland News Safety trophy to the Friedman Co. 3 atcha foe AR winner of the contest and it was accepted by A. J. Farber treasurer of that company who indicated in his remarks that safety in his company's plant was so generally accepted as an institution that the competitive spirit had not entered into their efforts Herman Friedman veteran president of the company was present but unable to speak on account of a throat affliction A framed certificate of merit was pre- sented to the Great Lakes Aircraft Corporation the runner in the contest by Judge Lee E. Skeel and it was accepted by D. E. Wilson personnel director of that company The third place award was also pre- sented by Judge Skeel to The Bloomfield Co. and was accepted by Supt Z. K. Waldron of that company The certificates were hand lettered painted and framed by R. E. Wenger commercial artist Chairman Kearns announced that the certificate awards to group winners would be mailed the time allotted for the meeting being insufficient to permit of personal presentations The numerical strength of the meeting and the intense enthusiasm pervading it was a splendid testimonial to the safety sentiment aroused by the Cleveland campaign and to the organizing ability of President Skeel and Managing Director Smith of the Cleve- land Safety Council who were ably assisted by Safety Engineer H. M. Schnerer of the Division of Safety and Hygiene representative of the interests of the division in the movement Mutual Interests Recognized General recognition of the mutual responsibility of both the employer and the worker for the success of industrial safety efforts and the mutual rewards of such efforts was demonstrated by the complexion of congress delegations In almost every section meeting and in many of the topic discussions executives foremen and workers vied with each other in paying tribute to the value of safety and there was but little variance of opinion as to the mutual value of safety methods and safe prac- tices This unanimity of purpose was no more clearly defined than in the sessions of Ohio Day At the speakers table on this occasion recognized representa- tives of capital and labor sat shoulder to shoulder and without the slightest evidence of class distinction each applauded the other's tribute to a common cause The presence of Jas A. Wilson of Cincinnati president of the American Federation of Labor Thos J. Donnelly of Columbus secretary of the Ohio State Federation of Labor and Warren F. Perry of Colum- bus secretary of the Ohio Manufacturers Association in posts of honor and a heavy representation of both employers and employees on the floor of the meet- ing was strongly indicative of the joint interest in the movement Nov. This evidence of a common ground upon which management and men can meet in harmonious discussion of a problem so vital to both was in the opinion of the writer one of the most significant and gratifying incidents of the entire Congress and presages a further growth of the spirit of helpful cooperation in the safety movement in the industries of the state so essential to the attainment of the purposes of safety advocates State Support Appreciated Gracious acknowledgment of the extraordinary ef- forts of the division and the Commission to make of the Congress a success commensurate with the im- portance of the safety movement and one that might sustain the reputation of Ohio as a leader in safety thought is contained in excerpts from letters received by Superintendent Kearns under date of October 8th J. E. Long president of the National Safety Council said Your personal contribution to the Twenty Annual Safety Congress and Exposition helped we feel to make it one of the most successful meetings in the history of the safety movement in the United States I take genuine pleasure in thanking you Every year these big gatherings add impetus to the steady march of safety in our country now more than ever before is the employer the worker the government official the teacher the housewife the man on the street aware of the need of care on his part to reduce the terrible toll of unnecessary accidents I hope that you take a great deal of satisfaction in contributing to an enterprise which has stimulated na- tional interest in this humanitarian cause W. H. Cameron managing director of the Council wrote " cannot help writing this extra letter to say two things I that we are greatly indebted to you for the success of the Cleveland Congress and 2 the pleasure and satisfaction of having you serve on our National Executive Committee There is plenty of pioneer work yet to be done and I hope we will be spared to work together May you feel repaid in some measure for your fine efforts last week when you realize the success of the national demonstration through so many channels of expression Carl L. Smith managing director of the Cleveland Safety Council in a Congress letter said The Safety Congress is past history but before the files are closed I want to take this opportunity to express to you my personal appreciation in which Judge Skeel joins me for the very excellent help you gave in connection with the arrangements for the Congress There was a lot to be done but I think that we shall all be compensated by the good that has been done and will be done in our community Castleman File Armco w = with cover letter or memo _ If DATE = 0 undated ROM Document Armco S DATE 1933 article from ___ medical journal _ trade publication article from The operator government report government inspection results unpublished internal report unpublished presentation from conference newspaper article letter memorandum |= warning labels sales literature recommended practices 1 meeting minutes _ attendee list _/ Proceedings of National Safety Congress Proceedings of All Ohio Safety Congress Legal PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT APG | : ; ! ~* - i : . f : 1933 TRANSACTIONS National Safety . Council Incorporated TWENTY ANNUAL SAFETY CONGRESS a . Chicago Illinois October 2 to October 6 1933 The Stevens Hotel Copyright 1934 National Safety Council Tue 4 ven; soos bE Xaap +: - < To sa wy A @ y if ) 1 se iS, iy i ae range a) f b iy g i Nw ; > : Rake wer oy Fhe B : . Oy} 4 Lh : a Py s Ny ) ; aa . ; 7 q Yt Dy? rey. Hy. l Y r. : y "i os Nas : ; a = 4 rae 4 R GT 99 Le b y h age ae Pye RN Ray TAT: x Say if Ori : aeRhO s wre F, or (he discuions ALTHOUGH complet ey desired, readble, CONTENTS PublicatontPuoblicatiPonublicatimoninate intersting presnted Publication Publication THE Publicaton Council Plan Publication National not from reviate paers PLAN requsecsturedchiefly CONTENTSCONTENTS ne t Parts sults enocd. ; , lieved THE THE cachof f are or een Th' in for to on be delete found the the OF n paper to sense the of and for Council and is Directors : yS,ite Mwaiyn etejSectu THE al er CONTENTSCONTENTSCONTES CONTENTS the C1ON TENTS i ie Membrs Policie.s. TRANSCTIONS Purpose Section. the discuionpertinet National adres. Industeial record Safety cither study Council and conta of in Meting esntial . Council Congres Anual .. volume Section whichevery Chitd second to Congress Banquet Membrs. Congress containg published Council word two suplemntd aditonal emphasize refnce, Acident in Hdlucation Twenty-second suplemntd portions, divsion IndustryIndustry sesionsesions, publishedsuplemnted Genral Orignal Problem being Street Ilome Manuscripts repoduce, discernmt Handling Publicaton Section Although Handling Industry Section, Genral,published Section or to Section meorable Safety suplemntd refrenc Congres Congres automicaly concise Stret: sent automaticaly automaticaly Maintaing Program General Industry automaticaly the s~-naller that tess Council Council Meeting and Banquet Sesions The care Subject Accident Is and Dermatitis Dermatitis and Dust of Falls the the Prevention the Handling it to is are sa not re- ab- Maintaing Maintaining i, Directors in of is to Industry Je sent Materials who the Interest in Program Program the first, mg of Pan the the . the are of is the and the in two . by vol.of also My ln a editededited sesion care divsion divsion for andevrythatstudy refrenc refrence record recod E. ngicer and Libray orignal emphasize Materils,.0 Librayses from Council .Section. Industrie Dance. Membs. National National Ming Leathr pertinet adresavilbeavilbe refnc .QuaryPper andIndustry.- en .20cens .CONTES either Congres Food ElectricDelivery, Chemical Cement A. S. S. Aeronauticl Aeronautical Enginering Enginering Virg SubjectBanquet Anual Council Council Construcion Automive AutomiveConstrucion Section Sesions Section. Shop not RailwayTaxicab Sechion and Chemical Machine Section Section ... Section Section .. Section SectionMandling oFalfs PDroubsletm Acident andMectingPurpose Oficers and Prevntio. and Section,0. .. 0. Machine Construcion Construction Construction Section Section .. in and and of 223 ' Dus . Electric Railway Polices.279 Railway Section Section. cc cc ce ce Shop ce eae cn 1.20. Section in Section Packing Pulp Program In Industry. Leather Industries cscs 0... vac Pres SectionSection UtilitieSsection c Section Section SectionSection Utilities ces Section e es Refrigaton SectionSection e Section .423 exprsdnot.ces .caes Sction.ase Records.ntuevcs wes Section .ecsan ecnvusr ecstanr RefrigatonRefrigaton PulpSectionLumber Railrod Railrod SectionSectionSectionSecti nas ncesra Wodwrking Wodwrking andARA 6 .oe) 495 485 499 439 423 a3 408 389 329 357 343 325 307 299 279 265 249 235 223 209 201 191 ie? Index Index ... 131 123 DIS 20? Lumber Manufctring 83 7S 69 > 59 SM 45 3? wees? sae 23 21 | @  . National Hesaurn,Marmxcio, Leman Congres Horemas, Cutrsey,Divnse, Congres Wotvinc, Guiteat, Foaturx, Fexsens, Oficers Council 7 MANKLINNational Tuomas Directors Mienare NationalSafety Duvear, and 1upoKD Cowace Guaves, Gisow, wanes Carutx, Safety Coran, fowsun Chamber usries 1ONAw toxatm Kerner Hien WOMAS Pronk WUE RM, Latn fanuy wMes Tewas sera WARK iamny Hus -AlAW fauay dD. AL View. AL ous G. 1. VV was, natn 1. x WY. J. W. C. Council Wate, Oficers Rae National - T. _L. D. T. T. W. W. J. G, E. in, 1. G. Ty ML B. say A. A. Ja. tay 1. E, WL WL DB. and Officers Officers Directors Directors MV. WL. I. Council second A. Fixen, second Council Madison Congres Davis, Dana, Crus, Hite. The W. Loxe Council CountyCounty Cocax, Comerce Comerce Joux Davis, Comerce New The The Paper Companyof . Railroad Vveuty-scond Divsion W. Birmngham Chamber Corpation Comercs NDaitviionsailon SSecatfieotnyICnosuurnacncielCouncil Company Company Industrial Pres DMintsonAlbany Stret YorkChicago, United Atchison, Pulman GenralGosuins,P& ulpW. LowLloyd MadisonMadison DelawareSection &BirHmiundgshaomn Birmingham Corporation Corpation SafetyFMiareslhdal Marine Actua NationalSafety Field Comerc CompanyCompany Comercs Departmen DepartmentCompanyCompany .Nashvile Chamber SaltChamber Comerce Comerc Mans CompanyCompany Chamber Comerce County Safety & Central North StatesTopeka Child Sction, H. Comerce Council.Highway Lines. Shore Bureau & Company. Crushed Education W. SafetySafety Ruber Marson Mendlsonix Minesota Ruber Detroit Company of Comercs Comercs Rapids Section.Valey Engicer. Comeil Comicl, Railway.Company. & Scetion. LifeSafety Divsion, Company. Tasurance Syracuse ChamberCouncil, Cauncil, ElevatedElevated Railway Safety Council CongresNationl Memphis Milwauke : Valey Safety . Council & of Council, TraMie Moinefs, FSaneta Stee Section. HenyBSHe. n.nyMoelering Moelring Labor & Section. Railway Company, Miler McCarthy Railroad Elizabeth Elizabeth Safety Council Council Safety Industrial Acident Safety Prevntion Section Ilinos StelUniversity Nashvile Council, Causpany. Chamber Chamber uf of Safety Counerc. Council Tudstry.. , II Company, Section th. sa) Company. Detroit . Councit R. . . a Child Crushed Education Education Gosling Genral Company Stome General Crushed Crushed Company Burcan Scurexure, Railway Jonk Topeka Cuares Scurxec, Saxroun, Cuaries Pulman Santa Roaen, Rusel Paxton Burcan Mines Hexey Tomas Section Henxay heste Maney Cuas, Kota, H.W. Atchison Atchison Gex, Faw, Section Company . Company FE. T. Ore A. GK. Jonx S. Railway Railway Company A. Company Tt, G. IL. IL United RailroadCompany Scmasixen, Schendl Scnafixer CouncilCorpationMcCauty, Morenaixe, Mexortsunx, Milwauke Company ,Wheling Rochestr Corpation Lenats, North Lines& SectionRailroad Delivery,Resen, Rorsox, Chemical Mixen, Manix, Hanry ErieSection Council Mowery, Alarsox, Safety United Milwauke Genral Scnafixer Rureau Hexky Schenk Ruber York Central Highway Company " Hexky Wheling Council SLaofvetey, Stret Safety Council Comeil Charles Section Anetican Scort Minesota BureauSafety Safety Elizabeth Newark States Corpation Safety Scort Commeil Airways Corpation Raltimer A. Pensylvani Divsion, Delawre Inc. Concil Manufcturing Section! Taxicah Bureau Electric Section. Detroit, Section, Council Safety, Shartzer Wayne Rober Hudson Council Comeil Industry Safety Safety Safety Safety Lester Utica Safety . Safety Departmen Manufacturing Industry Bethlem England Council Birmngham Department Company Company. Company, , Joux Oficers Labor Industry SafetyTelphone Department of Council. Council, Council. Council, Dr. Southern New Company Council. DetroitPres Sheknurse Pudson Labor L. Safety H. Concil Safety Safety Jr, Fool Utica United Eric New of & States Ste l & Ine, Bus Ine. Jonk HL. Ju, Jr. Delivery Russell Rusel Citas Saxford Newark Taxicab & Newark Safety Council Bus General Electric Company Electric Scnafixer Safety Schenk Safety Section Kk. W. Section 1. S. Ft. Shartzer American Airways Council Safety Masachusets Masachusets Sirouny England Telephone . H.T. Jeux FF. W. fa W. RR. aA. E. Low, Loxe, Fisk The ' & ity and Manufctring Company George Simonds Company Pounsylvani Manufacturing Company :: Sixgrn Corpation, Skel Raiteuad Manufacturing Section. Council Reading County Safety Ceneil, . . Directors Wodworking Company Council Asociatns, Standr Great Chanter CompanyCompany Manufcturing Knoxville Knoxville ) Indian W. Santu : of T. Safety Employes Comerc Corpeation. "6 Solexstex Rureau . . C Twenty Congress Safety Council Alfred H. Swayne General Motors ARTHUR M. TODE Consulting Marine Corporation W. W. Tresch Schenectady Safety Engineer Council W. D. Turneville San Antonio Safety Council William F. VeEECH Rahway Safety Council VINCENT WAKefield Kansas City Safety Council George H. Warfel Union Pacific Railroad : Dr. H. WATSON American Telephone & Company HARRY M. Wender Illinois Bell Telegraph Company S. E. WRITING Liberty Mutual Telephone Company W. Whitney National Insurance Company W. H. WINANS Union Bureau of Casualty & Surety Underwriters Dr. C.-E. A. Carbide & Carbon Corporation WINSLOW Yale Medical School .. Harry Wise SR Chattanonga Safety Council . . M. Woltz Youngstown Slicet & Tube W. E. Worth International Harvester Company F. J. Zauft Safety Bureau Duluth Company J. B. Zook Cement Chamber of Commerce Section 9 = in be Py. 4 Saas . . a Ct - : . . . . el fe, ci SL H . (aeaeti: ak jaehese : us : ; ix Gangte ye i Pr Shoe iart e - ~ . . , . - . : ; : * = oO i - ~ The life nation rectly free ir essent Inse condit Tixi the indust Merev includi L'uiter . natioTnhea taileri under : wauk Yurk .. ship The . were x rene .. and t prevent aceithe exampl Sir leath . nuter i pri corden cent . . declin vehicle . ing ra - having q munity r facts accid...' Since best a Ray. Nara Tiptree tt aS iaprieenege ^' SEA ra) = brad a Saray? ff sheet neh an Kh 4 ) fi fe i. SATS sent Sa aye ted dyes ads beMean 2 ee bt Bet ws pea. t . y } She EV eS 4 ere cenineapeoSn eE ea as Se Raa v ssa & ants oe + diakse 0105 on Vs 3 cA ear oy 1 pay te 7 a i ci eet clothes etc. fr in air uld be sterilize~-l iron the hands he skin and open ap plenty of such nming hot water mls for cleansing before mentioned * nal diseases and Important occupaimpossibile because -ntinuous contact complete listing umplete chemical w processes . Distances that are a irritating known irritating of time of ex-.rk surfaces Make free as possible the worker with . thly cleaned and sirt and keep it and laundered Mill Company vailable in comk Inads ach worker bas al equipment but thing into work Scaner who does mpany time you ill find that the in efficiency will - ' ! -_ , TIFENTY SECOND ANNUAL SAFETY CONGRESS NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL COUNCIL Dust Problem in Industry FRIDAY MORNING SESSION October 6 1933 . i mt . ar) * _ fue ; v/ iy The special session devoted to a discussion of the dust problem in industry was called to order by J. R. Allan assistant manager Industrial Engineering and Construction Department International Harvester Company Chiengo who presider He briefly outlined the purposes of the session and then presented the first speaker The Mechanical Control of Dust .. . By E. O. JONES woe say Consultant National Founders Association Chicago The speaker said in part During the last few years much has been written about the pathological effects of dust From this material there of agreement among scientists as to the seems to be some lack pathological effects of these types of dust their dangerous dimensions the length of time one must be exposed to their inhala- tion the density of concentration which is dangerous and the extent to which they are directly causalive or contributory to disease It is unfortimate that in the twilight zone between are certain members of the legal and medical ethics and ethics there advantage of these profession who are willing to take uncertainties and capitalize on them largely for their own benefit When the foundry industry was confronted with the accusation a potential health hazard its leaders that it harbored with the object of eliciting all the immediately took steps to study the problem to eliminate the causation facts and determining upon a course of procedure This study has been imder some time but its procedure presents many difficult problweamys in some localities for The mechanical control of dust is not ment of such control depend our only problem nor does the accomplish- experience that upon large expenditures of money We know from of the problem gradually human ingenuity will provide ways and means to this part But let us digress from the subject to consider the viduals create Take the molder for instance who amount of dust we as indi- of his day's work He reaches for his goes to his bench at the start with its force everything he from air hose and starts the day by removing can his equipment In close proximity to his bench 37 > 5 4 ra re) F sk qi; le . I, mw STI Lae 25 POEOR7, re, Fy x , nv; +. iT fa a i 3%2, a z m4 t va = s = wid nats on 2. 2 CJ A ene be Boe 3 ~ , e' , ~ et tie 38 Twenty Twenty CongresCsongressNational Safety Conneil r on relies When take a the window sill in front of him you He will usually wet down his sand will pile usually find but seldom he is through with his shift he usually grabs the air compressed bath variel collection of his floor or gangway hose and proceeds to And we have the foundry laborer he has many menial tasks to perform When he sweeps or uses a shovel he seems to be of the opinion that his efforts the atmosphere he creates If he does are juiged by sprinkle the floor it is usually done very sparingly Shake men and erane men seemingly give little attention to the thoughtlessness Grab buckets results of their are usually lifted to the limit of their lift and then dumped Many companies have furnished equipment such helmets and respirators to employees who work in as positive pressure . But it is surprising to note the extremely dusty atmospheres apparent lack of interest on the part of the for whose protection this equipment is furnished employee From these remarks some may say Why shift the We have merely cited these few facts responsibility Not a bit the supervision as an indication that possibly we can improve If we make every man responsible for the cleanliness in the in which he works and every foreman responsible for his vicinity turn make the superintendent answer for the department and then in have to worry about the increase in cleanliness of his shop we will not it is of labor cost After dust gets into the atmosphere course very difficult and expensive to remove off the ceiling is a man job Keeping the foundry floor Ventilation is a problem everywhere A diligent survey of our existing equip. ment may develop the lact that by small expenditures we can improve conditions Inspect your arresting equipment See that the rapping device is in screens are in good condition we order that the emptied regularly suggest that they are rappel and the hoppers Repair any leaks in pipes See that the valves close properly Chutes should be kept in good repair and when emptying arrestors respirators should be worn by the men whose duty it is to perform this work is not removed at If refuse from the arrestors once keep it in containers or wet down until it is moved Above all watch your air velocities and make re- the source as inuch of the dust as the sure you are removing at pay for the current the motor consumesequtoipment was originally designed do You - get the operate your suction equipment therefore proper return for that * expenditure . Do not sture or allow sand to accumulate around sure you are receiving the air yuur lilasting equipment Make proper changes in your sandblast rooms Inspect your masks to the amount of air parging througit The wearer is just crack or partially open the valve and when this is prone many times to full protection for which the helmet done he is not getting the ' removed from the was designed We suggest that the helmet be cabinet sandblast instructing the rooms and stored at the end of the day in a tight wearer to clean before using In your cleaning rooms where tumbling barrels veincities Piping should be are used we deal again with air diligently inspected and kept in good repair . Make sure traps are performing the service they were designed for It might be well floors in this department wet down Remove the day's accumulation of to keep the end of the day's rim When refuse at at the level of windows which cyclones are used make sure you are int exhausting We will have may be opened in other parts of your plant facturers who to look for further operation from the foundry equipment manu- serve our industry Equipment will have to be sold to us net to oa y, p _ 4 ay 4 ry A bin teh as cat irete AOeret 4 tf Hd {vf 2 Mts nie: F Res {7 uy , (f s\ ) bry < =a KA tr} R < y tie ANSE set S AEs y z 3 ") ened: ra kr Ox . ri f}, ra hy 4 p cf q he A meet ex the eque regularly designed And w a foundr provided equipmen Our in For this is our de who have the actual In the it is imp precaution upon the of all kne hope to a to employ industry w How to Director : The imp disease has subject has extension u increasing disability d eliminating the dustine given dust given quant font of air that is the i - Many inst and it may African inve pheric dust early as 10 rt) <6. vy council * Council collection of Council Council or vanegway. varied varied collection of his Hose and proceeds Hose and are proceeds 1. perform perform When to usually usually done very usually litt anc then to results their their then as positive positive pressure . part the employee employee sthly we ean Not sability sability Not bit sibly can improve improve is liness in the vicinity rtment rtment then % shop we atmosphere * the foundry * existing equipment in existing equipment Inspect A conditions conditions that lives and hoppers alves properly properly Si alves respirators should fawn refuse refuse from from 1 bown until is bown are removing removing ~ esigned do < quipment Make 2 equipment Make ME ms Inspect Inspect is one many times -hat is getting getting layin hat helmet eal again with air repair, again with tthe repair . Make ationst well to Arneation refuse ar are + or equipment sald sold sold to us a Stans a a) re g? stn Dust Prablem in J Industry 39 meet existing cexles, Dust as dasttight as taman the existing , dust - tight can design them After Alter as human ingenuity candesign that it is it ds eeqxuiisptmienntg equipcment odes installed will the purchaser's responsibility responsibility responsibility was originaly originally originally regularly inspected inspected maintained ta the employer's responsibility And we refer again the employee's elects elects work work in in foundry he should willing to en emplooyepe'serartee spopoernatesiabinldity responsibility the safety devices which are are foundry his employer employer it will responsibility responsibility that the the the provided well cared cared for the purchaser's equipment industry industry and properly properly maintained maintained will long continue be basic one and we that are essential essential essential sitting Our this reason want assure those who help on the side lines that that ie our determination determination determination hope that with the help of those in the medical profession profession who have given generously generously seientisne tudy we can soon determine determine . generously actual actual extent hazard many diverse are opinions being brought into In In meantime while while many diverse opinions agreement agreement give imperative imperative more passive to suggested measures measures of precaution precaution improvement improvement improvement accomplishment worth operation everyone everyone while results concerned depends depends upon upon diligent and active operation operation the utilization utilization all known means prevention prevention control through united effort can advantage hope accomplish accomplish program will give maximum maximum advantage we effective alike to such an foundry employers employers employees employees dedicate carest end we are confident confident foundry foundry carest conscientious conscientious efforts ry) number The importance of The importance atmospheric dust as an agent within the long been known However it only few years this disease has achieved medical and legal only dusty industries industries Because Because the this subject has compensation laws to importance ocupational diseases and an ever- the increasing number of include occupational concerns employees employees legal suits against industrial claiming claiming disability due to dust inhalation there is need hazard severe att^ck problem oi eliminating eliminating otherwise combating the severe order intelligently intelligently intelligently control oi the dustiness dustiness the air the dust present must be determined determined given dust two factors amount of considered the number particles With given quantity quantity air are usually considered expressed expressed millions millions particles particles in a ( not of ( which is usually expressed size frequency frequency per cubic that that is partiele usually size plotted against distribution curve curve percentage less than stated size is plotted size particles cutve, against the Size of particles, Instruments Used for Determining determining Many instruments have give concentration review and and it may be brief historical of this well began using using sugar method sampling alixis- alixis- method for African investigators the same method pheric pheric dust was used the U. sampling Mines as 1911 this method measured S. passed Mines through early early as 1914. By method A measured volume volume the dust passed passed through Measured value of the closet sir is, Passed as thrones omy hres ef ies 3 is: . 2} a mh 2 eae Be BU 2 . ke? } ? atte , $20? LAH : D 7 3 > f 3 Shh: oh yea nts3 e ty Loree riage ad ; sng seat ad " y a ie p or ; sy : ~e awe ae ee wr oe ee Fe ay. imerye ne THA Fig Peay == st FA brasfor 2 8 pe a, SRN Ce pe r eeie nt ea) Sey Vee COEF 2, aye ae a ite PA GT ie ae a iyp}e s t . : . : ! . i: i 40 Twenty Congress Safety Council a tube containing granulated sugar which filters out the suspended dust At the lmaibnoerdatory the sugar is dissolved in water and the number of dust particles are deter- by counting those in small volume of the This method of dust sampling had certain sugar solution under a microscope fact that the purest commercial disadvantages the chief of which was the introduced considerable sugar contained a certain quantity of dust which errors especially in tliose samples containing a low dust concentration To overcome the limitations of the sugar tube method various other devices were developed one of which was the Palmer consisted essentially of apparatus This apparatus . in tube a shaped glass bulb the lower end of which terminater or trap Suction was applied to the glass bulb hy means of an electric exhaust fan and the volume of air measured by means of tilled water was put into the tube The air a Petot tube Dust dis- broke it up into a spray within the drawn through the water in the tran larger portion of the sampling hull which washed out and retained the dust The Palmier apparatus also The dust so obtained was analyzed by had certain disadvantages the chief of the usual which methods efficiency as a dust catcher was low In the search for was that its strument which at the same time would yield rapid resaultmsortehepoSrotuatblhe Atfyrpiecaonf iinn-- vestigators introduced in 1916 a new instrument known as the Kotz^' ko imeter konimeter The samples dust by impinging a small volume of air against the surface ni vaseline glass plate the vaseline serving to catch the dust a retained on the glass plate was then enunted under the particles The durat fication The chief disadvantages of the konimeter microscope at a suitable magnis a high concentration of dust the are that in atmospheres containing spots are too dense to allow counting the particles and the method can therefore tint he used in such individual liad to be taken to secure a cases also many samples correct average determination in places where the dust concentration was variable a As result of the different methods of tlust determination being used ent governmental bureaus and others it was soon found that by the differ- methods did not yield absolute results the various sampling preting the various dust studies consequently some confusion arose in interIn order to arrive at some liasis of comparison the TU.heS. Bureau of Mines conducted a laboratory study of sampling instruments results of this study were published in Public Health Bulletin No. 144 Comparative Tests of Instruments for Determining Atmospheric Dusts entitleri 1925 During the course of this . G. W. Smith devised study two of the investigators Dr. L. Greenburg aut the dust a new apparatus called the impinger In the comparative stu y collecting efficiency of the impinger was found to be high and in methind affered several advantages over previous methods addition the tions to meet special requirements this instrument After several moditica- Health Service and Bureau of Mines was adopted by the Federal Public dust in air The instrument as the standard technique for the sampling of has heen used in the study of a number of dust and is the cominonly accepted method in use today trades : SizeSize ooff Dust Dust Particles into Taken into the Lungs have Particles the air It has been observed from a study of silicotic lungs that of that penetrated into sacs are less than most the dust particles ( micron is 1000th of 10 microns in longest dimension a millimeter or 2500th of an inch It is therefore that we need not bother with particles larger than 10 generally microns agreed the concentration of a dangerous dust in measuring So that you may visualize the size of these small particles consider a 280 mesh . * e screen light cyc a such - It to lea naked by the are Wh Wh . and si air ca will will f perse indef indef that a The outsid Pa - { t - | : I ] | . conter Wisc Wisc ticles a cub free corda 5.250 . As know thron merse Tim withwith princi applic Wher May| gare a kno cubic | to the : duties . ome. After place ecw 117 Y clean gene, 50 mii % ee A Cae : ry ry) 1 ot Uy ae ob a hs Mth oF} ANY e~ cas" as . | mete fan We eRe Ory ALS Cheers cat) RNA teh AS fh: EAU rls in is Shee. oa OAs eve ety, 1 -- ----, + nded dust At the + particles are deter imder a mierOSCOJE of which was the antity of dust which staining a low dust method various other us This apparatus of which terminated means of an electric tube Dust dis- the water in the tran Sulb which washed v the usual methods i which was that its portable type of in* South African in- t^'konimeter The inst the surface of a articles The dust at a suitable nagni- . pheres containing esting the individual also many samples wes where the dust * used by the differ- ious sampling on arose in inter- of comparison the ome pling instruments 4No. 144 entitled : Dusts 1925 te te 1. Greenburg an ee comparative study ae and in addition the r several modifica- TON the Federal Public ve the sampling of er of dust trades the dust particles a ongest dimension s generally agreed trons in measuring sider a 280 mesh - ' ' t | Dust Problem in Industry Industry of sereen in which the screen openings light an atmosphere are 50 microns In the absence cyc and therefore containing these tiny particles will appear clear is extremely deceptive Only a to powerful such particles directly visible microscope 41 a beam of the naked can make It is necessary therefore to make a microscopical examination to learn how badly polluted it may be Larger of the atmosphere naked eye are essentially harmless in the particles such as are visible to the by the membranes provided by nature in thecanuassaatlioanndofotshielriensis as these are caught are eventually coughed up or eliminated before respiratory passages and When small dust particles any damage is done and settle out are dispersed in air they are carried about very slowly How long such particles will like smoke air can be roughly determined from Stoke's remain suspended in quiet one mieren in diameter it can be law Assuming a round particle to be will fall only 20.3 feet in 24 hourscalcIutlacfaend bbey means of this law that such a particle persed into the air is not only a seen therefore that any fine dust dis indefinite period momentary This fact is often hazard but remains in the air for overlooked by workmen as it is an that as soon as the dust cloud is The no longer visible all dust has usually assumed term dusty working place is only a relative settled out outside of factories contains some dust It is one Most air both inside and content for the dividing line therefore necessary between slightly to adopt a standard Wisconsin dust endle prescribes dusty and dusty working places The ticles under 10 microns in a tentative figure of 15 million countable dust a cuhie inut of air longest dimension with free silica content of 35 par- as determined by Public Health Service will make proportional inverse teximique per cent in Variations in freesfilica foutent cordance with this standard the permissible count fcohranges in this standardstandard In ac- 5.250,000 particles practically pure silica would be | X . electrically How Dust Samples are Collected As mentioned previously the instrument used in known as the Impinger With this enfleeting the dust samples is that through a glass tube and instrument the air to be sampled is impinged at a high velocity on a glass drawn plate mersed beneath a suitable liquid contained in the which is in- The impinger therefore combines the collecting flask with a washing or bubbling methopdrianncidplseo of collecting colecting dust by impingement principles The dust is thus trapped and possesses the advantages of both applied to the impinger by means of remains in the collecting collecting liquid Suction is Where compressed air is not availabla e astesmaamllejector operated by compressed air may be used The rate of air flow is vacuum pump gage or an orifice flow meter measured either by means of a small vacuum collecting proximity niesh The entire apparatus is calibrated before . a known volume of air may be sampled cubic foot of air per minute use against a standard gas meter so that The rate of sampling is The approximately one to the breathing level of the device is placed in close duties so that air samples workmen involved while performing their After a sufficient representing actual volume of working conditions respective be laden air has been may obtained sampled the placed in suitable container and removed to the collecting liquid is When the dust sample reaches the laboratory for the necessary analysis clean graduated flask through a laboratory the entire sample is filtered into 50 microns are permitted screen so that only particles a to pass particles larger than 50 smaller than microns are not considered = . a [iteEd e Bee WNheaf a Sat.: a! Sal at 5: Bio 4d wy . af See ~~! 5 is ping tes AS Paine tek wy a, avin Se eet 4 ee om Syne? 5 AS il ; 3 ; Ay x tf : . i : o ; oe x . we ew tone i ray : . +2 Twenty Congress Safety Council iniurious and are therefore removed from the contents of the graduated flask samjile After proper dilution the is obtained and are thoroughly shaken so thuit a uniform suspension two portions of about about one cubic pipette to just fill two centimeter are removed with a Sedgwick counting cells stand at least 20 minutes and the dust The cells are allowed to microscope particles are then counted by means of a ; The microscope with an Able condenser condenser is provided with a millimeter objective and a 7.X eyepiece an eyepiece micrometer The eyepiece micrometer has a large square engraved on it and this square is divided into HK ther divided into 25 smaller squares The squares one of which is fur- . determined by calibration with proper tube length of the microscope is of the eyepiece covers 1 millimeatesrta(g1e,0m0i0 rmriocmreotnesr.so that a side of the large square The large square of the eyepiece micrometer therefore area of one square millimeter and since the encloses the dust in an the dust suspended in one cubic counting cell is one millimeter deep all particles visually less than 10 mimeirloluismetinerloonfgetshte sdaimampelteeris iunnder the ruled field All- are counted at five points on the cell namely near the four one quarter of the field Two cells of each dust sample are counted and corners and the center Control the average of 10 counts is obtained counts are subtracted from the average sample counts giving finally net counts of the number of particles which are then calculated in average per cubic font of air sampled terms of particles Shinezal Having determined the concentration of dust particles less than eter in a given atmosphere it is also 10 microns in diam- composition of the dust necessary before to obtain information regarding the made any evaluation of the health hazar~-l can be In general it may be said that the the harmfulness of usually in direct proportion to its silica a quartz containing dust is SiO content It is therefore neces- sary to distinguish between free silica silica that is the silica that combined silica or the silica that is combined with occurs as quartz and other elements in the various silicate minerals in the It should be borne in mind thereinre that the total silica customary chemical analysis is no measure of the reported The quartz content of fine dusts is anumit of free silica petrographic and chemical methods usually determined by a combination of Each dust presents individual problems and individual technique applies to all dusts regardless of their no interested in this problem should consult Reprint No. 1560 of composition Those parts Felirmary 24 1933 entitled The Quantitative the Public Health Re- silica in Dusts by Adolph Knop^>Professor of Determination of Quartz free and Consultant United States Public Health ServPihcyesical Geningy Yale University . . . a | , - Discussion of Dust Problems _ By DR LEONARD GREENBURG . The Yale University New Haven Conn . The speaker said in part On the technical side of this presented with two excellent problem you have been : that I should add from papers by Mr. Jones and Dr. Meiter There is little this point of view Perhaps the minst valuable that I can make is to present to contriinution contriinution * trative aspects of this you my own personal view of the broader adminis- In order to do problem gained as a result of many years of close this let us analyze the problem in its simplest terms contact . r SUE AY 9) Renae NaaT ISAT HS seh FA f 4) : . tap oes . SST = et Se ee eth Sd pti plew7 TRS ef 77 73% cP ARS SB G . it! by ehard a A RR ONT 4 ee o r incil . . proper dilution the ,, uniform suspension re removed with a cells are allowed to , by means of a eyepiece micrometer rometer has a large one of which is fur- i the microscope is of the large square ^ the dust in an - millimeter deep all the ruled field All quarter of the field rs and the center 20 counts is obtained ring finally average - in terms of particles 10 microns in diamation regar the alth hazard can be containing dust is is therefore niecesfurs as quartz and ents in the various total silica reporteri of free silica a combination of al problems and no omposition Those | Public Health Reof Quartz free + Yale University iem you have been er There is little iuable contributiem die broader adminises of clase contact . terms Dust Problem ^finIndustry 43 We may begin by agreeing that pulumaiary fibrosis results from the inhalatim inhalatim of certain dusts in known concentration over a suflicient period of time This act has been demonstrated repeatedly by means of industrial laboratory and pathological studies On this simple facet I take it there is complete agreement Such legitimate cases of disabling pulmonary fibrosis are held in many states to be the respmsibility of the employer Further a perusal of the compensation laws makes it evident that there exists a decided trend in the direction of broadening the compensation acts throughout the Union for we find from time to time that additional states are being added to the list of those holding siliensis to be a com- pensable disease We would certainly be blinding ourselves to the facts were we not to admit the existence of this trend in social legislation It should be pointed out here that this is a very wholesome and desirable state of affairs The insurance principle has justified its existence in spreading the burden of ill fortune over a long period of freedom from catastrophe and surely in the case of industrial accidents it has freed us from the deplorable state of affairs in existence prior to 1912. In the case of the occupational diseases we may Nevertheless compensation insurance is not at hand hope for omully satisfactory results the complete solution of the problem The only adequate means of avoiding the burden of siliensis is by the preven tion of this disease All other methods do not touch the crux of the problem and of they carry if their wake a vast amount litigation illness and a large financial burden on industry If what we have agreed upon to this point is true it is obvious that industry must prevent the dissemination of dust in the workroom air by suein adequate engineering techniques as are available or in certain cases where this Hossible industry must provide and force the worker to use such means of personal protection as will adojimtely safeguard him against the inhalation of dust is only by these means that we can guarantee a imure free of disabling puimmary . disease due to dust inhalation In spite of the very best efforts of industry to solve this problem there will un- doubtedly be a certain number of cases brought to the courts and presented as legitimate cases of silicosis While some of these are true cases of silicosis others chaining have been informed are not but are designed merely as a means of funds from industry A consideration of such cases brings us logically to the seemul part of the pr^'sent discussion What is the ideal method of handling compensation cases with reference to occupational disease and more particularly silicosis we examine the development of the compensation acts we find that a technique designed primarily to adjudicate cases of industrial accidents has by degrees been given jurisdiction over neempational diseases In fact in some states diseases are regarded as injuries so that they may be brought within the scope of the original emmpensation acts But on close examination it becomes apparent that diseases are far more difficult to adjudicate than are the ordinary injuries arising in industry They present many technical facets and often require a detailed knowledge of this particular branch of medicine with which the average emmmmissioner is very often unfamiliar As a result we find in practice that the Court is presented with highly fechnical evidence by experts for the plaintiff and for the defendant which is very difficult if not impossible to satisfactorily evaluate Often the commissimmer is caught between the conflicting views of such witnesses and is not provided with his own experts to aid him in arriving at the real scientific background of the problem at hand are yo: cea) aw terme AGWes | w= fT5 as - 6 Js be { res +oe <7 woel iy 44 Teeenty-second Conyress National What Twenty Twenty second Congress Safety Counejt Congress Als tu Twenty Twenty second Congress National National Safety Council What really need Congress {.uetual side of the com Peuition technical What a strengthening strengthening of the the compensation compensation with the increased factualunderstanding technical regardingthe occupational occupationaloccupational keep pace not merely themselves diseases promulgation promulgation accurately accurately the the Courts compensation which begin with promulgation promulgation which compensation worded compensation Compensation comisioners define ahould diseases assisted beards compensation technical paid composed of commissioners engineers the hy the deans various engineering experts and physicians appointed deans the tleans engineering schools engineers selected appointed appointed the con- deans recognized recognized medical schools schools The selected should have Very corte plete knowledge knowledge factury factury engineers ventilation ventilation physicians physicians physicians conditions conditions hygiene and disease It fe experts field only the specialized specialized specialized boards or occupational occupational is that thar the e compensation compensation scommu issiocnershcommhisisigonherls y . specialized specialized able do complete complette hjuestiicre equivalents the Co these highly technical technical cases ployees alike would greatly the establishment establishment benefit order hasten hasten establishment of this system system employers employers justified justifed ap- in me pealing legislatures this end in legislatures certainly such legitimate legitimate ap. demand demand legislatures support support all concerned | concerned should should receive receive hearty what should those claims which which Tote by Frequently Frequently evidence should done done those which areare are reared hase on little enterprising enterprising enterprising injury the worker have have merely reared reared by attorney Such claims been told becoming common and constitute problem industry industry obvious obvious that very common compensation advisory advisory real will as soon formed that boards I the compensation future a suggested earlier type as they are and favorably serve serve predict predict that fehealwthy hulwark hulwark would favorably of baseless claim board and | upon of real experts this field factory factory should employ employ the Ina edd the present reinforce employ technical the very medical medical experts experts Many cases have been thoroughly thoroughly versed versed requisite Many required prove lost failure failure bring the non existence existence a hazard end Here requisite the excellent excellent aid required have case which pesaye example case money money by 4 se in increased We be saved in final steps in the expenditures which arrive at the worker control this problem Every pre employment employment X examination worker factory shimild have of And routine post examinations examinations examinations seems obvious that the privilege health aed worker not on the plant without the of the pre employment employment ling be industry he expected privilege hire worker legitimately examination examination examination examination his How physical later be expected shoulder the blind to his worker's condition and then physical physical examinations expected shoulder shoulder the to the burden the health health By repeated health examinations examinations possible possible to discern early deviations from take . In manner employer would would forewarned normal early any workmen workmen forewarned showed suggestive suggestive early early routine industrial industrial industrial lung lung this health examination constitute constitute on By meadnegsenerative tliseases prevention the degenerative large diseases he constitutes such degenerative degenerative today constitutes sue, 2 mADJOeURNMEnNT ace menace the Drop. ADJOURNMENT ADJOURNMENT rage 9 Sig sutyeH | ieee anonte a Pam OT ore ee ww es Ste sherk Simte af ah ean per Dey Che I inte I Iuy thar gra be + Wane or | Pair run; likew the + er + ts the Ware : Ma. shout. te ladder have i the te il that. the +. that the sively that the cachstimu- stimuon would contest stimucontest in * in each ning improvement improvement by basis rcentage rcentage Ince Ince compares compares cident cident experirs rubs was true but able prove > ttinth hese in best severity han ninth best coimitry than than rubber industries industries . and figures te experience experience ot rubber rubber goods te that ety net afety committees 'ety committees vost advisory advisory audand reduced reduced st this 2 ist mills, * textile textile 'eP to get divie +. but er get rthbut the centmore 'tuent prevention that coming coming factory that [ uagr factory en, ms a TIFENT Voy pe COND ANNO of ee SECOND SAFETSYASFAFETEY CTONYGRESCSONGRESS ys meee D> AO <uy OT os ems oaks Safety Section Steam me Section Section N.S.C. 2 yee io oo | | pe [+ Dae Officers 1932-33 Choirman CranceFs. Hitt, New Central Central Chairman CARLES HILL New York City City, First LaFountaing Northern Northern Co. St. Paul Paul, Minn Chairman PARISH PARISH Chicago North . Second e Western Western Co. Co, Chicago C, Caviston American Secretary Caviston Caviston American Railway New York City , cee Members Committee Direction Valley Railroad F. Hartenstein Hartenstein Lehigh Lackawanna Western Bethlehem Pa, - -? mre. H. Rows Delaware Lackawanna New Western Railroad New York Haven , N. len Haven Hartford Hartford Nailroad New Haven Haven ven, oS Com SCOTT Atlantic Coast Lines N. ROBERT SCOTT Canadian National Railroad Co. Wilmington C. A B ckDenver & Rio Railway Montreal Q. Canada F. Cuktis Louisville Grande Western Railroad Denver E. Lauson Missouri & Nashville Railway Louisville . C. Metcalfe Pacific Northern Nailroad St. Louis F. Phatt Reading Pacific Railway Co. St. Paul Minn sees Co. Reading Pa . Se ne. Raikeay The complete report of these of The complete Annual sessions is published in available available from Raikeay Meeting of the Safety Section AmericanAmerican ct. Association 6 available fram the al nivrican ee V _ _ oO TUESDAY MORNING SESSION conjunction October 3 1933 The sessions sessions of Safety Section road Section National were as National with with Annual CongreSsasfetCongyress Coofnneil National Safety Safety Council Council in the Stevens Hotceonjunl ction Safety Couneil in the Stevens Motel. 439 | | BXRSe ! i "tps . : I a 1} : el i Pf a . 5 ee bts Yj te SIRES E- - arene a (3 oe an een Opt 20 j -} ; ex . r * i . 3 ^' a" 441 Twenty National Safety Connall TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 3 1933 !, I. ; Itt bh whe : rs] ait . < ue. te wt Sa 4 ri Address . By FREDERICK E. WILLIAMSON President New York Central Lines New York City The speaker said in part I got my first lesson in safety in a very trying way I was working in Utica and the yard was badly congested I was working with a switch engine in the lower part of the yard and it was snowing hard I was on top of a string of cars and I was trying to figure out how to get them out I e swung down on a side ladder with my mind wholly intent on what I was trying to accomplish and stepped back on track No. there was a screech of a whistle we entee and here suddenly was No. 3's engine about 50 feet away or so it seemed to me Instinctively I made a dive between this string of cars that was pulling out and I could just feel that pilot beam whistle by mic and the engineer thought he had hit me wm me He stopped and canie hack to find that I was all right but certainly I got a safety lesson from him in no uncertain words en So I learned my first safety lesson by a shock and a scare Today however e we have adopted another principle Now we are trying to teach the young men safety by rules by education rather than by letting them learn through experience and narrow escapes that safety is essential . e You and the affiliated safety bureaus of the several railroads have taught us to imderstand that while you can't undo acciients that have happened you can see te to it that no accident that does happen will be considered a closed book until ther^' e is a thorough analysis of its cause with a view to the avoidance wherever possible of that same cause of succeeding accidents oe As we review the official records of the Interstate Commerce Commission we note with pride the progress of the American railroad in the reduction of accidents Ce and all who are familiar with the subject recognize the large contribution of the 8 TO Safety Section of the Association in that noteworthy achievement One of my distinguished predecessors in the presidency of the New York Central Lines was fond of saying that a railroad is composed of plant and personnel and that persiamel represents 90 per cent of its value Much of the success of your work is dependent upon a recognition of the large importance in safe railroading of the called human element You must consider and deal with a mental ap- proach of officers and employees to all safety work It is not enough that the physical plants be cleared of lurking hazards nor is it enough that instructions as to the safe methods of operation be promulgated Both of these things of course are vital Of equal importance perhaps of larger importance is the molding of mental attitude toward safety movements and toward safety itself The number of accidents that are utterly unavoidable is surprisingly small Everything that is done to inipress on all the frightful cost of accidents in life linib and money is yeoman section is service We must eternally seek to instill in the minds of all a serious respect for _ safety measures and a dogged determination to do each one his job not only well but safely Your now as it has been from its inception in the vanguard . of that movement and it is but candid that I say to you that railroad executives generally congratulate and honor you for what you have done and are doing * . Ms 18 q Pay LS pe ) Poppers EO ye fe)e-s TS eT by Fy heer rte (3 452 Tiventy-second National Council Council operation +452 Twenty Twenty second Congress operation care by: operating car at excessive motor cars by ( excessive speed speed ; operation improperly storing storing tools the car operating operating men occupy occupy unsaie unsaie improperly improperly storing storing failure failure permitting permitting men other track motor motor protect against especially with respect to to he Hh sat i oy iy . 5 : Bo airtel : ct vp 2 AEI9 2 ait 8Bo Py alee A a Py ins eek Ban . ary: | S Ste a tha ayaa es: i ENA pyc i fi nn 4 y . hi 4 rap Ps OOP as : toeae a ro as 3 . Favs should times his possession possession current current maintenance maintenance supervisor supervisor that thar can delegate delegate someone else From maintenance maintenance equipment equipment standpoint particularly particularly particularly duty and and responsibility responsibility of supervisor supervisor supervisor standpoint hazardous about the shop should be note hazardous unsafe conditions conditions premises plant plan. quick to hear any report personally premises ma- ma- chines tools tools and his quick eye should personally these conditions conditions He should as great value value others these under him in foreseeing possible possible accidents and injury the result hazardous hazardous conditions After possible injury the supervisor has an important duty toward injured that immediate immediate aid care the injured employee employee should should gets into the given given the injured as person and make that he gets physician hands of competent competent competent man rapidly as possible possible physician a claim agent every as knuckle knucknkuclklee of course time much much man mistake stubs his or skins knuckle there mistmaisk tae ke possible possible possible make too pre- minch should at hand some simple means over small injuries minor injuries if an venting venting infection infection minor injury injury serious the personal atten- atten- pre. minor only recourse ; atten- atten. The Green Book The final feature of this session was presentation - by The final Palmer Conservation presentation the Engineer Equitable Assurance Assurance Society New by City Mr. Palmer very briefly called Assurance that had New York City tabulation covering employee attention the six months months period of pre- pared Class I railroads in accordance casualty standard the Green Book grouping and af 1933 forward copies to Class I railroadwsith standard sta. ndard Green grouping frouping and . WEDNESDAY MORNING SESSION October , 1933 The Goggle Rule and How Enforced By C. YOCUM Minneapolis Manager Department Paul Safety - Railway Railway . , Minneapolis always and Omaha The speaker said said over again to employees that one of the to repeat over and over again and greatest greatest things things means has has given them them necessary necessary is that they use freely afforded them sight protect and preserve blessed blessed gift To mind being blind blind about about worst disaster disaster can happen anybody anybody shown that cannot my mind means s6 men will of granted their Experience Experience for themselves cannot take for own accord think think themselvtheemselsves i in n this respect respect and for reason reason has of their respect, and for this reason it has been Pac ian & io pp hes vee sis oS ula: @ 34 ; Be oar i : baba) oa 4 ines, eS Say 4 . } | 462 Treenty Congress Safety Conneit 2 | went into hospitals too larer a percentage sometimes 50 although the operation was successful per cent of them died Our trouble is not that we don't know how to switch know how to get trains ears it is not that we don't over a railroad it is not that we don't know how those trains fine and comfortable for passengers to make : pi public but we cannot or to meet the needs of the shipping perform our operations without the infection of carelessness and the only way we can eliminate it from our railroad operations is to make each; individual man un our railroad an expert in the 3 elt So performance of his operations we need to study each individual operation and see where the hung operation and develop a technique that will gets into that is perforined assure efficiency every time that operation goed (1 4 6; ee . 2 psrh : . t aes * by . i Rs SAE Bt AO yy : ve Na.tt Re Aslpe ot we ae: i ie) . a3 3 2 yey. ut : tres Th ees as . a as 22 iy . ay e F et eee * oe 3 = . 3 2 mA 1 Le Bley Veh papas oo tt Cont gL ea . ? ey, Breit : . Os E RS 3 aya sae LY a Ae. SUE te i 58 73 f 3 SRLS AS X Beenie eS es? LO Ket oy x age. g (Stay WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION . October 4 1933 Report of Committee on Train Service Accidents By D. G. PHILLIPS Superintendent of Safety Wabash Railway St. Louis The speaker said in part In 1932 there were 63 employees killed and jured in train accidents while in train service accidents for 326 were 367 employees killed and 6.861 injured the same period there So without minimizing the import- ance of safety work in connection to train accidents these figures show us the much greater field for work in the prevention of train service accidents In 1932 were six times as many killed in train service accidents in there 20 times as many injured as train accidents and ; In 1932 20 persons were killed and 307 were injured in or uncoupling cars or locomotives The accidents while coupling remedy for this class of accidents naturally suggests itself keep from between moving cars that not attempt to ninke any adjustments in the are about to couple du that requires you to go in front of the car coupling apparatus of a moving car Such adjustments should be made when car is still We believe that proper supervision can eliminate entirely this class of accidents but if a supervising official stands around seeing men doing manner and says nothing just so lung will accidents of this work in this kind occur During 1932 9 persons were killed and 123 injured while air or steam linse The principal cause of coupling or tacoupling employee injuries coming under this heading is due to attempting to do their work without ~ inadvertently uncompling air or steam hose under proper protection and from kind are to be prevented it is absolutely pressure If accidents of this necessary that where a blue flag rule is applicable such a rule should be made and should be complied with However frequently in switching operations there is no In such cases not only the opportunity for the use of a blue flag men doing the work init those working with them should be on the alert to see that no movement is made when cars Of course the man himself should be men are between the before any attempt to sure that air and steam are shut of uncouple hose and even then they must be careful Supervising frequently and air are trapped and remain for sometime in a short section aosi shtoesaem provides andofsfhicoiuallsd swhaotuclhd not overlook the failure to blue flag when the rule so to see that the man understands the uncouple air and steam hose proper method to N UE arssh sa 3 y ttyhi ey s OE r f AY RROLE ee H K . aes s Oy <f g m f ra a 9 net BY : My ype SAS AAA {Atee SPANO chee ae Sas ry g ~" a 7 4 as ty al i . p SFe% emnetl * CONt occurreidn vincil rate 6,39, vincil vincil majority of ' in occurred occurred in casualty occurred occurred . casualty majority of : mind the six in 2,103 falls of ndling 1,466 oi These six causes These These evil that is one that should em evil that sors. From these + contain source source them Engineer Engineer Engineer wirs From these bring safety- ce them mireeting the mireeting mireeting posi- supervisory supervisory supervisory +e or which effort national is wanted * would here here Te conditions conditions is conditions conditions conditions of him the anf intenance intenance * sit supervisiem supervisiem ang from bridges . k inds when when > from the importance 7 t termitted termitted motor "sane from motor mpg- standing - OF and from intentions other ng material at can or material accidents MS are other * ns are cral enforce enforce : fe all efficiency s are reasonable av1 e Unlnecessary Unlnecessary ati-ons Have not activity Safety Seetion ARAStean Railroad Section Safety Safety Section Safety Safety some Steam Railroad Railroad reduced supervision time, Bur and condition Condition ws! r reduced some tsiupmerveision understaffed and which condition we greatly greatly whereas many safety education of railroad Nc tear tear tear the 473 tear, one THURSDAY MORNING SESSION MORNING MORNING SESSION Report of October Report Committee Committee on Proper Method Reporting Proper Method Reporting Commission Interstate Interstate Interstate WARFEL By WARFEL Assistant Assistant Executive Executive Pacific System Omaha Neb Vice Assistant wa speaker said part President President in the Committee Committee Neb, Direction speaker A year Direction raised whether whether not ago the need for some other ietliod ques- ques. tion determining raised relative determining determining million hours progress there on various railroads safety work time been questioned The casualty of casualty the rate per casualty casualty has established there have questioned won- the very dered some sometimes sometimes established established developed our been those who appointed wen. other ~ dered study developing desirability desirability could not practicability developing Committee Committee severity severity rating casualties or the practicability frequency rating form the relative relative different standings casualties well the the progress safety twoosreekigfenerahlyly generally generally could be ] better determined determined determined generally could Le After very study of severity ratines the conditions careful the conditions reporting , and statisties statisties we we came especially especially very great difficulty securing conclusion that the casualty million severity thei man hours has been very reliable guide and index the progress of accident preven- tionwork railroads and that the general progress has been established established to railroads railroads and our ether casualty good and reliable reliable general through through Green safety work agencies railroads good good reliable reliable guide to progress progress question in among the railroads Seneral one our minds but what individual individual ; of carriers due usually reportability Committee Committee one believes to some to measure come yard stick same same to way come do the liad require- to oem ots Ag Ma rayOALND.5 Bre en Arty fa) points Take read example things here read two or three directly accidents accidents resulting directly This expression expression constructionconstruction maintenance of from the operation construction construction to inciude a operation, Construction nwt only ar Maintenance of a teh ooh at N: fay a a iy ahe3BO < A BAain J oe 6 we : eter te Tee Tet erdine Ce Scan Tt be bed 3 4 pivhrats : CR - get ie| RAR eVrg A a ei oes: ATS J taparti er) ~ a TRS = Ya WAS er af I 478 Picenty Congress onal Safety Council and to the operative response and assistance their thought time and effort in promote such servation of Inuman life and limb and desiring in proper and fitting therefore be it of these called upon to contribute a commendable cause as the com- to recognize each and every one every resolved- That this Section recognizes and appreciates the contribution made by each and every me who many many manner arranged for ur participated in the conduct of these meetings including and with particular reference to those whise presence although not upon the program have added so much That the Section is not only grateful but indehted to Messrs F. E. Williamson President New York Central Lines M. Association and Judge V. Fletcher J. Gormley President American General Counsel Association of Railway Railway Executives and of the American Railway and for the great and lasting benefits that Association must accrue for their sacri^-ce of time to and aid in the advance ment of this Section and its work because of the timely well chosen and pertinent thought given us That our appreciation is also extended to the management of the Stevens Hotel to the Press and to all others who have so kindly assisted in making our stay in America's Chicago so pleasing and so proiitable That in our hearts we cherish the memory Selds beyond and express our earnest desire and upon whom burdens have been placed through lasting and effective reliei may speedily come of those who have been called to hope that to those of our Members physical rmities and otherwise That these Resolutions be spread upon the recorils of this Annual Meeting Announcement of Election of Officers mn] The chairman then called for the report of the tellers who had canvassed the votes for officers of the Section for the ensuing year This repoort was presented by Frank Strouse Pennsylvania Railroad who announced the election of officers as follows : Chairman L. LaFountaine Great Northern Railway First Chairman A. Parish Chicago & Nortir Western Railway W Second Chairman II Failing Central Railroad of New Jersey Members of Committee of Direction; Eastern Territory Year Term II Carrow Pennsylvania Railroad New England Territory Year Term R. Bradford Boston & Maine Railroad Southern Territory G. Bentley Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Canadian Territory ) Deck Canadian National Railways Western Territory A. Meyer Chicagu Milwaukee St. Paul and Pacific R. R. and G. II Warfel Union Pacific System Committee on Nominations Q. F. Johnson Minneapolis & St. Louis Railroad J. Gi Fitzhuch Guli Colorado and Santa Fe Railway A. Rohweder Duluth Missale and Northern Railway J. L. Walsh Missouri Railroad 1. G. Phillips Wabash Railway ADJOURNMENT 7" e Res t yt reye og < 1 A sins ay : igh mete a B\t AatSipSErf SHway wd . A AMR AAN EnVsqaath aNetns ni Fi