Document jBMn7O3vd5g8OX5JY6106jK55

FILE NAME: Owens Illinois Library (OWL) DATE: 1948 DOC#: OWL025 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Relevant Abstracts from the Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology THE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND TOXICOLOGY VOLUME 30 JANUARY, 1948--NOVEMBER, 1948 PUBLISHED BY THE WILLIAMS & WILKINS COMPANY Baltimore, Md. VOLUME 30. IND EX TO TEX T AND BOOK REVIEW S (Asterisk denotes book review) PAGE Acetal, parition coefficient (Macy)....................... 140 Acetamide, hydroxyethyl (acetyl ethanolamine), toxicological range finding test (Smyth and Carpenter).................................................... Acetanilide, partition coefficient (Macy).............. 140 Acetoacetate, calcium ethyl, toxicological range finding test (Smyth and Carpenter)................... 63 methyl, toxicological range finding test (Smyth and Carpenter).................................................. 63 methyl di-, toxicological range finding test (Smyth and Carpenter)...................................... 63 Acetol (acetone alcohol), toxicological range find ing test (Smyth and Carpenter)..................... 63 Acetone alcohol (acetol), toxicological range finding test (Smyth and Carpenter).............. 63 partition coefficient (Macy).................................. 140 Acetonitrile, toxicological range finding test (Smyth and Carpenter)...................................... 63 Acetophenone, toxicological range finding test (Smyth and Carpenter).................................... 63 Acetyl ethanolamine (acetamide, hydroxyethyl), toxicological range finding test (Smyth and Carpenter)........................................................... 63 Ackerman, Harry H .: The determination of thallium in urine.................................................. 300 Acrylate, methyl, toxicological range finding test (Smyth and Carpenter).................................... 63 Acrylonitrile, toxicological range finding test (Smyth and Carpenter).................................... 63 Adams, E. M. see Spencer, H. C. Adolph, E. F. and associates: Physiology of man in the desert......................................................... 263 Aerobacter cloacae endotoxin as a possible factor in etiology of bagassosis (Schneiter, Reinhart and Caminita)...................................................... 238 Aerosols, a high volume air sampling and filter weighing method (Silverman and Viles).......... 124 retention, in the human respiratory tract as a function of particle radius (Wilson and La- Mer)..................................................................... 265 studies. I. Reduction of dust deposition (Dau trebande, Highman and Alford)...................... 103 studies. II. Coating and agglutinating of dust particles (Dautrebande, Alford and Highman) 108 `Air-borne infection, experimental (Rosebury).. 262 particulates in the human lung, retention (Lan- dahl and Herrmann).............................. 181 Air conditioning (Herkimer and Herkimer). . . 69 and elements of refrigeration (Brown).............. 144 Air contamination during machining of beryl lium stainless steel (Titus).............................. 29 Air sampling device for average gas concentra tions (Goldman and Mathis)..................... 129 high volume, and filter weighing method for certain aerosols (Silverman and Viles).......... 124 Alcohol, ethyl, absolute, evaluation of methods to express degree of toxicity (Deichmann and Mergard).............................................................. 373 -r.fhyl. absolute, evaluation of methods to ex- : ;<-<sdegree of toxicity (Deichmann and Mergard) 373 Akohols, partition coefficient (Macy).................. 140 Alexander, Leroy see Klug, Harold P. Alford, W. C. see Dautrebande, L. Alkyldlnitrophenols, toxicological studies (Spen cer, Rowe, Adams and Irish).......................... 10 PAGE Allyl alcohol, toxicological range finding test (Smyth and Carpenter)................................. 63 Allyl chloride, toxicological range finding test 63 (Smyth and Carpenter).................................. 63 Allyl isothiocyanate, partition coefficient (Macy) 140 Allyl m ethyl ketone (ethylidene acetone), toxi cological range finding test (Smyth and Car penter) .................................................................. 63 Allylidene dlacetate, toxicological range finding test (Smyth and Carpenter)............................. 63 Alpha-active dust in the atmosphere, measurement (Carmichael and TunnicIiSe).......................... 211 A lum ina abrasives from bauxite, fume exposure in the manufacture of (Jephcott, Johnston and Finlay)................................................................. 145 calcined, effect of the use of, in china biscuit plac ing (Meiklejohn and Jones).............................. 160 A lum inum dispensing apparatus in treatment of silicotics (Church and Ingram)........................ 246 2-Am inodiazlne, physiological response of ani mals (Treon, Wright, Kitzmiller and Younker) 79 o-Am inodiphenyl, evaluation of methods to express degree of toxicity (Deichmann and Mergard).............................................................. 373 p-A m inodlphenyl, evaluation of methods to ex press degree of toxicity (Deichmann and Mer gard)..................................................................... 373 2-A m ino-4-m ethyl pyrimidine, physiological response of animals (Treon, YVright, Kitzmil ler and Younker).............................................. 79 2-A m inothiazole, evaluation of methods to ex press the degree of toxicity (Deichmann and Mergard).............................................................. 373 physiological response of animals (Deichmann, Kitzmiller, Heyroth and Witherup).............. 71 Am m onia and ethylene imine, comparison of acute toxidties (Silver and McGrath).......... 7 use of absorbents for protection (Goshom). . . . 201 A ntim ony trioxide, toxicological range finding test (Smyth and Carpenter)............................ 63 A ntim ony trisulfide (Bulmer and Johnston)___ 26 Arc welders see Welders, arc Association of British Chemical Manufac turers: Safety rules for use in chemical works. Part I. Model rules.......................... 209 Bagassosis, aerobacter cloacae endotoxin as a possible factor in the etiology of (Schneiter, Rdnhart and Caminita).................. .............. Bartley, S. Howard and Chute, Eloise: Fatigue and impairment in man...................... Bass, S. L. see Rowe, V. K. Bauxite, fume exposure in the manufacture of alumina abrasives (Jephcott, Johnston and Finlay).................................................................. Benzam ide, partition coeffident (Macy).............. Benzene, medical aspects of maximum allowable concentrations (Hardy and Elkins)................ partition coeffident (Macy).................................. Benzoate, sodium , toxicological range finding test (Smyth and Carpenter).............................. Berghout, C. F. see Elsenbud, Merril Beryllium , air contamination during machining of beryllium stainless steel (Titus).................... 238 208 145 140 196 140 63 29 381 128 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND TOXICOLOGY PAGE A niline, poisoning, acute (Bellesini)....................... 99 poisoning, ammonia coefficient and urinary or ganic acids (Sinitsyn)......................................... 59 toxicity and potential dangers of xylidine (c,c-dimethylaniline) as compared with aniline (von Oettingen and others)............................... 12 Anoxia and the central nervous system: study (Lucas)................................................................... 3 A n thon y, A. W ., Jr.: Two methods of wet scrub bing of gases for reduction of atmospheric pollution................................................................. 123 A nthracene oils (Barthe)....................................... 114 A nthracosis, silicosis and tuberculosis (Andr). . . 91 A nthropom etry, problems in the Royal Air Force (Morant).................................................... 70 A n tim on y, radioactive, inhaled as stibine, tissue distribution of (Smith, Steele, Eakin and Cowie).................................................................... 116 A n tonioli, E m ilio and R igola, Alberto: Three cases of chronic trichloroethylene intoxication 81 Archibald, D. and W hitfield, J. W.: A study of repetition of accidents......................................... 45 Archives des maladies professionnelles: Re port of the medical reunion of Central and Middle Colliery Physicians (Montceau-lesM ines).................................................................... 33 Argyria (J.A.M.A., Queries and Minor N otes)___ 58 Argyro-siderosis of the lungs in silver finishers (Barrie and Harding)......................................... 58 Argyrosis, experimental. III. Pigmentation of the eyes of rats (Olcott)..................................... 78 Arsenic, inorganic compounds, incidence of can cer in a factory; introductory statement (Hill and Faning).......................................................... 76 inorganic compounds, incidence of cancer in a factory. I. Mortality (Hill and Faning). . . . 76 inorganic compounds, incidence of cancer in a factory. II. Clinical and environmental in vestigations (Perry and others)......................... 76 poisoning and gold intoxication, BAL therapy (Rundle)................................................................. 9 report on use and therapeutic value of British anti-lewisite in arsenical intoxications, from the BAL conference (Great Britain). . . ----- 38 Arsine gas, accidental generation in an industry (N au)...................................................................... 105 gas poisoning, case report (Wills)......................... 118 poisoning (Levvy).................................................... 13 A sbestos, effect on tissue cultures; comparative study with quartz and coal dust (Belt, Fried mann and K ing).................................................. 82 A sbestosis and cancer of the lung (Desmeules, Rousseau, Giroux and Sirois)........................... 94 'A sm ussen, Erling and N ielsen, Marius: The regulation of respiration in heavy work......... 54 A sthm a, bronchial, and allergic rhinitis in bakers (Linko)................................................................... 5 A tabrine workers, "blue halos" in (Mann)........... 11 Atm osphere, lethal, produced by the growth of micro-organisms in confined spaces (Richard son and Milner).................................................... 123 A tm ospheric p ollu tion , methods of wet scrub bing of gases for reduction of (Anthony). . . . 123 process for removal of aluminum chloride smoke nuisance during the chlorination of aluminum alloys (Donoso)..................................... ............ 124 A tom ic bom b see also P lu to n iu m and R adia tion A tom ic bom b, ocular lesions following the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Flick). . 56 Atomic bomb, surface burns, clinical observaiiu: " (Beck and Meissner)................................ || A uckland, G. see M um ford, P. B. Auffret, Jean: The value of technical prevem measures in the control of eye troubles in tin viscose rayon industry........................ <*, Averell, P. R .( H art, W. F ., Woodberry, N. T. and Bradley, W. R .: Determination of nitr.> gen oxides in air: permanent color standard:- for use with method of Patty and Petty . til Axelrod, D orothy J. see Copp, D. Harold Badinand, A., Paufique, L. and Rodier, J.: Experimental poisoning with tetraline (tetra- hydronaphthalene).............................................. 4 > Bagasse disease of lungs (LeMone, Scott, Moore and K oven)......................................................... Si pathogenicity (Gerstl, Tager and Marinaro). . . 55 Bagging operations, ventilation for control of dust (Hama)....................................................... 123 Bakers, allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma (Linko)................................................................... 5 BAL see 2,3-D lm ercaptopropanol Ballard, W. E .: Effect of zinc on tuberculosis and silicosis.................................................................... 90 B allick, N. see G aldston, M. Barach, A. see T albot, T ., Jr. Barrie, H. J. and H arding, H. E.: Argyro- siderosis of the lungs in silver finishers .......... 58 Barrier cream s and their evaluation (Cumming, Cameron, Cumming and Macraild)................ 56 Barthe, R .: Anthracene oils. Utilization and occupational hygiene........................................... 114 Basophil granulation during the course of ex perimental lead poisoning (Duvoir, Derobert and Hadengue)................................................... S B astenie, P. A. see Sm art, G. A. B astian, R . see G ettler, A. O. B attery, lead poisoning from storage battery casings (Spizer)..................................... 59 B aum , W illiam F. see C am inita, B. H. B auxite workers' lung, contributions by Dr. Gard ner to the pathology of (Riddell)...................... 31 Baxter, Jam es H .: Hepatic and renal injury with calcium deposits and cirrhosis produced in rats by pyridine............................................................ 106 B eath, O. A. see R osenfeld, Irene Beck, J. S. P. and M eissner, W. A.: Atomic bomb surface burns: clinical observations among prisoners of war rescued at Nagasaki, Kyushu..................................................................... 16 Beckm an, Arnold O., M cCullough, James D. and Crane, R obert A.: Microdetermination of carbon monoxide in air: a portable instru ment........................................................................ 123 see M cC ullough, Jam es D. B ell, John see Lynch, Jam es B. B ellesini, C.: On acute aniline poisoning.............. 99 Picric add in therapy of caustic soda burns on eyes............................................................................ 18 Belt, T. H ., Friedm ann, J. and King, E. J.: The effect of asbestos on tissue cultures: a com parative study with quartz and coal dust___ 82 B en att, A. J. and C ourtney, T. R .B .: Uremia in methyl bromide poisoning: a case report........ 81 B enzene exposure, chronic, reaction of human blood-forming tissue to (Bowers)....................... 43 in air, spectrophotometric method of determina tion; differentiation between benzene, toluene and xylene (Florentin, Heros and Heros)___ 64 ABST lenzene, percutaneous absorptioi Cesaro)......................................... K poisoning. II. Examination of \ \ sman and Frykholm)................ !polarographic micro-measuremen: fluids and in air (St. Skramov in g e r ) ........................................... studies of saturation curve in bl and St. Skramovsky)................ nzine, lead-, fatal poisoning (Bi vapor and carbon monoxide, probl bined action (Chernov and Lil izol and toluol poisoning in Ro Air Force workshops, invest): ings, Drescher, McGovern and ^poisoning, acute gastritis due to T Moutier)...................................... lerenblum, I. and Schoental, R. , v ticardnogenic action of lanolin Merger, L. B. and Schrenk, H. F equipment for the analysis mospheres (U. S. Bureau of M ferke, H . see R oth stein , A. terry, Joh n W .: Aluminum theresilicosis......................................... [Beryljium compounds, delayed chi ( nitis in workers (Hardy)........ 'compounds, pulmonary disease posed to beryllium (Pascucci) compounds, significant aspects * industry (Williams).............. granulomatosis: description am and Oatway)........................... pathologic anatomy of acute ex soning (Scott)........................... poisoning, occupational, in Ne dence, diagnosis and compensa Brodkin and Martland). . . spectrographic determination in . terial and in air (Cholak and I Bigg, Edward, Jennings, B. H. C. W .: Triethylene*-glycol va for air sterilization................... B ile, excretion of lead in (Blaxter Billington, Neville S. and Saunc filtration.................................. Bini, Lucio and Bollea, Giovanr ing by lead-benzine (a c s t u d y ) ........................................ B iskind, G. R . see C ohen, H Bladder disease, papilloma of dye workers; 2 cases (Macai B last injuries, pathological aspt Biskind).................................... Blaxter. K. L. and Cowie, A. lead in the bile.................... Blood, antipernicious anemia fact' ing (Lourau)........................... basophil granulation during c mental lead poisoning (Duvo Hadengue).................... ............ calcium and potassium in the chronic occupational poisoni. ( S a it a ) ..................................... carbon monoxide determination of blood by means of pa (Harders)................................. constituents, work performance exchange after meals of low hydrate content (Haldi and 82 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND TOXICOLOGY I " ''/- 30, nj 4 Case reports of eye injuries due to splash burns from observed as a result of contact with asbestos part chloroacetophenone, chloroacetophenone solution, bromobenzylcyanide, phosgene, white phosphorus, sulfur- while fatty change appeared to occur more slow a. asbestos phagocytes than in coal phagocytes, t.% trioxide chlorsulfonic acid, titanium tetrachloride, and bestos particles underwent no visible change, as ; a thermite are presented. Treatment is discussed.-- particular no visible diminution in size, after h A uthor's summary. been ingested by phagocytes for as long as live \u > u H em oglobin crystals, casts, and globules in t h e RENAL TUBES o f GUINEA PIGS FOLLOWING CHEMICAL HEMOLYSIS. R . C. D m n and S . H . Webster. A m . J . Path., vol. 23, pp. 967-981 (Nov., 1947). Single one-hour exposures to stibine, a hemolytic gas similar to arsine, were administered to guinea pigs, wide ranges of concentration being used with different groups of animals. Hemoglobinuria was observed frequently with concentrations above 65 parts per million. Under conditions which are described, hemo globin crystals were formed in the renal tubules of 23 of 97 guinea pigs. The crystals were found only in animals dying or killed on the second through the sixth day following the exposure to 92 p.p.m. or higher. All of the animals showing crystals had clinical or microscopic evidence of hemolysis, or both. In guinea pigs succumbing during the above time interval, the usual clinical picture before death was that of dyspnea, (4) The m otility of wandering phagocytes was d*,, creased after the ingestion of asbestos particles. IP,, effect, not necessarily of a toxic charactet, may u deleterious in the case of cells within the lungs, siui ,t tends to restrict the migration of cells and so fator i;,r retention of particles within the lungs. (5) Panic] under 5 microns in length restricted cellular metilay more than larger particles, for the reason that ihty were more readily phagocytosed. It would seem tint wandering phagocytes are rarely able to ingest partic] larger than 10 microns. Giant cells sometimes formed in tissue cultures, apparently by fusion of two or n.i-rr ordinary phagocytes, and were then able to engulf larger particles or clusters of particles. (6) There wa no evidence of the formation of asbestos bodies in ilus* experiments, nor have we noted the appearance <! brown granular pigment like that seen in the lungs of experimental animals.--Authors' summary. weakness, often a shock syndrome, and hemoglobinuria followed by coma. In addition to crystals, many of the tubules showed hemoglobin casts and globules. The association of these three forms in relation to time and stibine concentration is indicated. Other patho logic conditions, such as tubular dilatation, coagulation necrosis, cellular casts, fat, and glomerular changes, were sometimes noted. Hemosiderosis in the kidney, although of frequent occurrence, was not found in animals with three to five weeks of survival time except after exposure to high concentrations of stibine. There are factors, other than stibine concentration, T issu e reaction to se r ic it e and shale nrsi> TREATED WITH HYDROCHLORIC ACID: AN F.Xl'1 11MENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE LUNGS OF RAIS. E . J . K ing, Margaret Gilchrist and M . V. Roc. J. Path, and Bact., vol. 59, pp. 324-327 (1947). The innocuous nature of South Wales shales and sericites in the rat lung is confirmed. Preliminary treatment of shale and sericite dusts with hydrochloric acid resulted in their acquiring pathogenic properties, which led to the production of fibrous nodules in tinlungs of rats.--Authors' summary. which may influence the deposition of one or more forms of hemoglobin in the tubules. The data pre-` A c c id e n t a l e l e c t r o c u t io n : w it h d ir e c t shock to i sented are sufficient to give a picture of the chronologic t h e b r a in i t s e l f . W . E . Carnegie Dickson. J. development of hemoglobin globules, casts, and crystals Path. & Baci., vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 359-365 (July, 1947). in relation to concentration and time.--Author's sum 1. The naked-eye and microscopical findings in the mary. brain of an accidentally electrocuted woman aged 45 years are described. T h e EFFECT OF ASBESTOS ON TISSUE CULTURES: A 2. A 240-volt alternating current from the main was, COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH QUARTZ AND COAL DUST. owing to a short circuit, applied through an electricaily- T . H . Belt, J . Friedmann and E. J . K ing. J . Path, lit retractor directly to the right temporal lobe, result and Boat., vol. 59, pp. 159-164 (1947). ing in immediate unconsciousness and death after 21J (1) Phagocytosis, even of small particles of asbestos, hours. took place slowly in tissue cultures and a considerable 3. The outstanding lesion was a widespread disrup portion of the asbestos dust, approximately 50 per cent, tive process in both grey and white matter, demon remained untouched, though within range of phagocytes strated in the illustrations, and believed to have been throughout the experiments. Compared with coal or produced by the action of the electric current in liber quartz, asbestos was less readily phagocytosed, particle ating bubbles of steam and gas as a result of the intense size being equal. (2) Asbestos particles in small heat and electrolytic action. amount had little or no toxic effect on living cells in 4. N o description of an extensive cerebral lesion of tissue cultures. The growth of fibroblasts was neither this nature has been found in the literature of electrical retarded nor accelerated and no necrosis of cells was injuries.--Author's summary. 94 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND TOXICOLOGY M . ->, * i and, instead of a somewhat granular and disseminated nodular appearance followed by concentration and breaking down of coalescing areas of nodulation, there seem to develop large pseudo-tumorlike masses. Such shadows may be found in silicosis without tuber culosis, and are then usually central. When tuberculo sis is added,' they are apt to be less symmetrical and to be found also at the apex or base, and to be accom panied with the other indications of tuberculosis already listed. Tuberculosis has been twice as frequent among the miners in Belgium, especially in workers over 40, as it has been among other laborers. The present underfed and exhausted state of many miners indicates probable increase in the number of open cases. M ost of the miners work in hard rock, but even those who have not apparently been as directly exposed to silica dust develop some silicosis, possibly from siliceous dust which has settled in the bottom of the mine. Some of these men have previously worked in other mines where they have been directly exposed to silica. Compensation should be available for silicosis developing in workers in any of the mines.-- A m . Rev. Tuberc. A rch itectu ra l cha racteristics o f vario u s types OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS STUDIED BY MEANS OF PLASTIC m o d el s. G. Mottura and R. Dulbecco. Bull. Eistol. Tech, micr., vol. 24, p. 11 {1947). Models were constructed from sections of normal lungs containing the usual quantities of carbon, from the lungs of an ironstone miner, and from the lungs of foundry sandworkers. Inert dusts, carbon, and iron were most concentrated around respiratory bronchioles, especially at their first point of division. Around infundibula there was dust only at the points of contact with arterial branches. N o deformation of the bronchoalveolar structure resulting from anthracosis or siderosis was discovered. (Emphysema is not mentioned). In silicosis the dust is found around respiratory bronchioles, around the arterial branches that ac company the bronchial divisions, and in the interlobular septa. The distribution around respiratory bronchioles is similar to that of inert dusts, but is accompanied by marked proliferation of the connective tissue. There is a constant mantle of hyperplastic connective tissue around the arterial branches; characteristic hyaline silicotic nodules are formed almost exclusively in the adventitia of the very small arteries close to branches of the respiratory bronchioles. The very small arteries run through these nodules. In some cases, especially in the subpleural zones, there is considerable pro liferation of dense connective tissue in the interlobular septa. This is laminated and not nodular, and it encircles branches of the pulmonary vein and sends small prolongations between the adjacent infundibula. The fibrosis resulting from silica often pro,iv;,, distortion with narrowing of the bronchioles. The authors conclude that silicosis diners :nc. anthracosis and siderosis not only in the mart. connective tissue proliferation a t the usual >in-s' (tdust accumulation, but also in the presence of hya_: nodules against the arterioles and of a lair.ii;a>c perivenous fibrosis in the interlobular septa. Ike. think that the formation of typical silicotic noduiev a evidence of a local tissue disposition in the artn-a! adventitia, and they explain the interlobular linru-.i as resulting from the strain placed upon the seamda.-y lymphatic channels connecting the periarterial to ihr perivenous lymphatics when the main normal tin become blocked. This is especially evident in the sub-pleural layers, where these anastomoses may provide a collateral lymph circulation because of their connection with the pleural lymphatic network. (The illustrations are not useful.)--Brit. J . India;. Med. ASBESTOSIS AND CANCER OF THE LUNG. R . Desmcult: L . Rousseau, M . Giroux and A . Sirois. Sen;, lie ;-. vol. 23, p. 1820 {1947). These four papers come from Quebec, Canada, where several workers in the asbestos mines have lav:! studied. The Quebec school disagrees with tinstatements of Gardner that pneumoconiosis due m asbestosis is not an important factor in the product)!.-! and progress of pulmonary tuberculosis, and that the presence of asbestos bodies in the sputum has no value in the diagnosis of asbestosis. Rousseau gives brief descriptions of 4 patients, some of whom are also reported in the following papers. One had worked in the asbestos industry for 18 years, and experienced respiratory symptoms only during the last 3. He complained of cough and an asthma-like dyspnea. Asbestos bodies were found in his sputum, but no tubercle bacilli. Radiography is said to have shown a ground-glass appearance in his lungs (unfortunately the illustration is too poor to demonstrate this). This is the only case seen at this hospital in which it has been possible to make a diagnosis of asbestosis during life. Another patient, who had been exposed to asbestos dust for 25 years and who died from some unrelated cause, showed no clinical or radiological signs of any abnormality in his lungs during life. Giroux exposed guinea-pigs, rabbits, and a dog to crude asbestos dust in a chamber daily for several months. The rabbits, killed after periods of from 3 to 12J months, had no asbestosis and no asbestos bodies. The dog showed no lesions after 10 months' exposure: only the guinea-pigs showed lesions in the lungs and asbestos bodies. In these animals he traces the stages of formation of asbestos bodies: fibers reaching the alveoli are rapidly covered by phagocytic cells; move ment of the fibers results in microscopic bleeding .N D TOXICOLOGY [vol. 30, no. 5 September 1948] ABSTRACTS 95 is resulting from silica often produces ith narrowing of the bronchioles. \ors conclude that silicosis differs from and siderosis not only in the marked tissue proliferation a t the usual sites of .ilation, but also in the presence of hyaline .inst the arterioles and of a laminated dbrosis in the interlobular septa. H e y he formation of typical silicotic nodules is a local tissue disposition in the arterial nd they explain the interlobular-fibrosis rom the strain placed upon the secondary lannels connecting the periarterial to the mphatics when the main normal paths ced. This is especially evident in the layers, where these anastomoses may 'ateral lymph circulation because of their Ith the pleural lymphatic network, ations are not useful.)--Brit. J . Indust. ;d c a n c e r o p t h e l u n g . R . Desmeules, , M . Giroux and A . Sirois. Sent. BSp., 20 {1947). papers come from Quebec, Canada, workers in the asbestos mines have been Quebec school disagrees with the Gardner that pneumoconiosis due to t an important factor in the production : pulmonary tuberculosis, and that the ;stos bodies in the sputum has no value s of asbestosis. Rousseau gives brief 4 patients, some of whom are also following papers. One had worked in lustry for 18 years, and experienced ptoms only during the last 3. He cough and an asthma-like dyspnea, were found in his sputum, but no Radiography is said to have shown earance in his lungs (unfortunately the > poor to demonstrate this). This is n at this hospital in which it has been a diagnosis of asbestosis during life, who had been exposed to asbestos > and who died from some unrelated > clinical or radiological signs of any s lungs during life. guinea-pigs, rabbits, and a dog to ust in a chamber daily for sevetml bits, killed after periods of from J to ao asbestosis and no asbestos bodies, o lesions after 10 months' exposure: gs showed lesions in the lungs and a these animals he traces the stage* sbestos bodies: fibers reaching the covered by phagocytic cells; move s results in microscopic bleeding from damaged alveolar walls; the hemoglobin from the \ | liberated red cells is taken up by the phagocytes ,i which already enclose the asbestos fibers. Subcuta V!- neous or intratesticular injections into guinea-pigs of J suspensions of asbestos in olive oil resulted in the production of granulomatous lesions but no asbestos bodies. When however, the suspension was injected ; into an area into which 1 ml. of blood had been injected v immediately before, asbestos bodies were found after a month. H e considers that the presence of asbestos bodies in sputum has significance, since it implies r tissue damage in the lungs. Desmeules, Giroux, and Richard report a patient, aged 44 years, in whose family there was no history of tuberculosis. H e had worked as a bagger of asbestos for 20 years: after 10 years he began to experience dyspnea on effort, accompanied by cough and ex pectoration. H e became more severely ill some 9 months before his death, which was due to tuberculosis and asbestosis. The authors argue that the asbestosis preceded and paved the way for the tuberculosis, but admit that they have no proof of this. (The associa tion of tuberculosis and asbestosis is generally admitted in Britain but is doubted in the United States). Desmueles, Rousseau, Giroux and Sirois record brief details of 2 patients who had asbestosis and cancer j of the lung. (The claim that carcinoma of the lung with asbestosis has been recorded before in only 1 case | cannot be allowed. Nor will there be general agree; ment with the statement that silicosis is admitted to play an important part in the pathogenesis of pulmo nary carcinoma).--Brit. J . Indttsl. Med. Cl in ic a l r e p o r t o n m in e r s ' n y sta g m u s. Dorothy Adams Campbell. Brit. J . Ophth., vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 193-198 {April, 1948). A clinical survey of miners' nystagmus shows 3 general types of the disease: asymptomatic nystagmus; j nystagmus with symptoms of headaches, photophobia, giddiness and oscillation of underground lights (these are unfit for underground work); and nystagmus with , . psychoneurosis in whom blepharospasm whenever Jj examined was added to the above symptoms. I t is recommended that the examination team be an oph\ thalmic surgeon and a psychiatrist; that men return to suitable work as soon as possible, preferably without unemployment; that those unfit for work be given eye therapy plus suitable rehabilitation; that follow-ups be aided by a medico-social worker; th at adjustment in i compensation be made making return to work finan cially attractive; and that the disease be prevented by not requiring miners to work in poor illumination and in awkward postures.-- P aul R . McCurdy. The dark adaptation o f coal m in ers su ffer in g * from n y st a g m u s. Forbes W . Sharpley. B rit. J . Ophth., vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 199-204 {April, 1948). Observations of the final rod threshold of dark adaptation on certified and uncertified (for disability) miners with and without active nystagmus or symptoms and on a group of normal non-miner controls showed consistent elevation of the threshold of all miners above that of the controls. Those with active nystag mus and symptoms showed little essential difference from those miners who were without either nystagmus or symptoms (control miners). Highest threshold was in miners certified but without actual nystagmus. N o conclusions are drawn.-- P aul R . McCurdy. A COMPARISON OF DARK ADAPTATION IN MINERS WITH t h e ir n u t r it io n a l s t a t e . Dorothy Adam s Campbed and Eva Tonks. Brit. J . Ophth., vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 205-208 {April, 1948). Nutritional evaluation of miners and control surface workers by means of history, plasma carotene and vitamin A levels, serum alkaline phosphatase, and thymol turbidity liver function tests showed that the raised threshold for dark adaptation constantly found among miners is not due to any obvious nutritional disturbance.-- P aul R. McCurdy. T h e PSYCHIATRIC EFFECT OF MINERS' NYSTAGMUS. i. Edward S. Stern. Brit. J . Ophth., vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 209-224 {April, 1948). Psychiatric observations on a group of miners, with and without nystagmus or symptoms and certified and uncertified (for disability) and on a group of normal miner controls show that miners' nystagmus is a psychosomatic affliction arising principally from emotional stresses peculiar to their precarious life (economically and physically) plus added factors of working in the dark and in awkward positions for long periods. Fatigue of convergence normally occurring on attempting to see in the dark and fatigue of upward gaze often required of miners are the mechanisms of lateral and vertical nystagmus, respectively. Both combined produce rotatory nystagmus. More than 10 and usually 25 to 34 years of work are required to produce this psychosomatic affliction. Better selection of miners, even if possible, would therefore be im practical as a control measure. The author recommends that miners' nystagmus as a term be abandoned and that cases should be seen early by a psychiatrist; that such cases be found work above ground in good light without periods of com pensation, although short periods of rehabilitation may be necessary; that they be kept under psychiatric supervision; that conditions of lighting and posture under which miners work be improved; that optimal physical and economic security be given them; and that optimal working hours be worked out scientifically rather than politically.-- P aul R . McCurdy. A COMPARISON OF DARK ADAPTATION WITH THE PSY CHOLOGICAL s t a t e i n m in e r s . Dorothy A dam s