Document jB34v3J06nd2eJ98gGDrpK5m9

I lie Use of Chlorinated Polyphenyls to Increase the Effective Insecticidal Life of Lindane1 Kuwakii J. 1)uda, TicLrilc.lt Tree Research Raboraiorics, Stamjord, Conn. J lie lexis described in Ibis paper were designed to investigate ibe possibilities of extending the effective life of lindane by the fMdiliot: of n cliloiinuled polyphenyl to the spray solution. Other research workers, in preliminary studies with cockroaches and house flics, have reported some evidence that there was a marked increase in the effective life of lindane when such material was added to the toxicant formulation (Ilornslcin & Sullivan )935. Sullivan ct a!. 1055). From their tests they concluded that the effective life of lindane may be increased 10 to 20 limes. ThuuVio, the author attempted to confirm their results under field conditions with an insect of economic importance to the shade tree field. Tile materials selected for testing were 25% lindane wcllablc powdv-r and Aroclor No. 5400, a chlorinated polyphenyl pro duced exclusively by the AJonsanlo Chemical Company (JJenig- nus, n. d.). The insect used was the elm leaf beetle, Galcrvcctia Tanthomclacnu (Scar.). . The icsinous Aroclor, which is insoluble in water, was dis- PA1!> r.UT.R. Atcrj-lfd for publication Jnuu&ry 5, 1957, g>*y< ign ii DSW 337665 STLCOPCB4081570 UViblf- J.--Meet ol lindane and Jiiulane-Arocior on uic enn leaf licelle, Pays Tki:atki> I'hioi: to Init.stixo Pkk Ckst Dead Ajtku Lindane Linda ne-Arodor 2 Days 5 Days 2 Pays 4 7 11 14 Untreated Test J (l-nnttr) 70 100 G5 100 70 100 45 80 10 25* 100 100 100 100 8 80 Untreated Test (Adults) 6 80 0 15 0 o>> 100 100 S3 85 41 58 65 71 Untreated Test 3 (Aduli*) 1 Day 3 Days 0 CO 0 70 0 00 00 10 40 0 10 . 10 20 1 Day C0 70 00 0 40 10 3 Days 100 100 100 50 70 90 * Tlic n iniiinJ.'i pupated vitliin fio days. Konc dead after V days. solved in xylene at llie rate of 1 pound of Aroclor No. 54G0 to ) .5 pints of xylene and 1 fluid ounce of Triton X-100, added as an emulsifier. This mixture was then added, alonj; with 1 pound of 515% lindane wetloble ponder, to enough wider to make 100 gallons. This gave a suspension containing four parts of Aroclor to one part of actual toxicant. Prior to carrying oul the tests with lindane, it was deemed ad visable to determine if Aroclor displayed any toxic properties when used alone. To determine this, a polled elm sapling was sprayed with a suspension ot lindane, another with a sus]>ension of lindane and Aorclor, a third with an emulsion of Aroclor, and a fourth with ordinary tap water. The plants were then allowed to dry. Leaves front each lot were removed, placed in separate trays and infested with adults of the.elm leaf beetle. Twenty adult beetles were used per treatment, observed closely and their ensuing actions were recorded. The beetles which were placed on the lindane-treated leaves and on the lindanc.-AroclorIrcaled leaves were affected almost immediately. After 1 hour all 40beetles were on their backs showing only a slight movement of the appendages and after 24 hours all were dead. The hectics which were placed on the Aroclor-lrcalcd leaves, on the other hand, and on those leaves serving ns the check displayed no ill effects at the end of on hour. At the end of 21 hours, however, those on the Aroclor-trcnlcd leaves appeared to have very little control of their movements. At the cud of 4S hours they were on their backs but still alive, but were dead at the end of 72 hours, whereas, those serving as the check appeared perfectly normal. The results of this lest indicated that the Aroclor for- mul*tU*hS containing no untune .-<_nuc properties. On .June 12, studies were begun in which small elm saplings growing in pots out-of-doors were sprayed with solutions of lin dane or lindanc-Aroclor. All applications were made with a 2- gnlloii D. H. Smith compressed air sprayer. The plants were sprayed to the point of nm:off and then placed on a bench out- of-doors where they were subjected to the existing weather con ditions during the months of June and July. One group of elms was treated with a suspension of 23% lindane wcttable powder at the rale of 1 pound to 100 gallons of water while another group was treated with the same suspension to which Aroclor was added. Individual plants within each group were sprayed on different, dates in order to provide material suitable for this study. Sufficient Aroclor was not available to treat a third group with an cmul>ion containing Aroclor alone. Therefore the results presented here give only n comparison between the re spective. actions of the lindane and the lindanc-Aroclor formula tions. ` On June 28 leaves were removed from the elms of each group, placed in trays and infested with third- and fourth-instar larvae of the elm leaf beetle. Twenty larvae were placed in each tray, nil uureplicaled lest. The results are given in table 1. Two series of tests were conducted using the adult stage of the elm leaf beetle. Ou August 7 and again on August 2-2 adult beetles were placed on leaves removed from previously treated plants. Twenty adults were placed in each trav and, as in Test 1, they were not replicated but there were three replicates of the control or cheek. The results are also given in table 1. Perhaps one of the most striking results in the data obtained is the apparent rapidity with which the lindanc-Aroclor formula tion acted. In Test 1 all larvae placed on leaves treated with the lindanc-Aroclor mixture were dead within 2 days whereas,with lindane alone, 100% mortality was not readied until after 5 days. Results were similar with the adult hectics. Ninety per cent mor tality occurred at the end of 24 hours and 100% mortality oc curred within 3 days on the leaves treated with the lindanc- Aroclor formulation even after 41 days had elapsed between the lime of treatment and the placing of the adult hectics on the treated leaves. In summary, the results presented indicate that an increase occurred in the effective life of lindane when Aroclor was added to the formulation. Aroclor when used alone, exhibited a toxic effect on the elm leaf beetle. Mhen it was used in combination with lindane, mortality occurred earlier than from the use of lindane alone. It is possible Dial the Aroclor might have a syner gistic effect on the lindane when the two insecticides are used in combination. Further investigations arc needed to determine this point. / References Cited , Benignus, P. G No date. Lindanc-Aroclor Combinations. Monsanto Chemical Co., St. Louis, Missouri. Homefein, IM arid IV. N. Sullivan. 7953. The role of chlor inated polyphcnyls in improving lindane residues. Jour. Kcon. Knl. 46(G): 937-40. Sullivan, V/. KM 1.1 lornslcin, A. H. Yeomans, and Ching-lTsi Tao. 1955. Improved deposits for controlling insects outdoors. Jour. Leon. Ent. 48(2): 153-5. Reprinted from the Journal of Economic Entomology Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 218-219, April, 1957 DSW 337666 STLCOPCB4081571