Document gdB0wBKmY48OmkGnpYBMBM39

National Safety News Published monthly in the interest of accident prevention and the health of industrial workers VOL. 32, No. 3 CONTENTS FOR SEPTEMBER, 1935 Louisville The 1935 ('(ingress City ......................................................................... II \,\i H;i!MVay Measure; in Dust Control--Arthur S. Johnson................................ 17 The Driver Has His Troubles--Ihnry J. Drogas.....................................................19 I'.Ksiiile Safety Measure"--T. II'. Osgood...................................................50 An Accountant Analyzes Safety Savings--Stanley Pnnhrdg- ............................25 llntuJ Rapids Is Safety Conscious--Curtis Billings...............................................,.25 Kansas Health Authorities Fight Accidents--Earlr C. Brerxn; M. D...................... 27 Steps to Safety--Roy R. Randall............................................................................... 29 (leanine Exterior Malls of Buildings by Sandblasting or Steamblasting-- Industrial Data Skect D-Gen. 12..............................................................................32 Raising the Standards of Industrial Medicine--.1/. .V. Xarquist. M. D..................34 Looking Toward the Congress................... ................................................................. 38 Hrrr.cntary Safeguarding Is Still Important ............................................................. 58 And Sudden Death--J. .-1. Furnas ..........................................................................66 Reouiar Departments IV Tin- Managing Director's Page ..................10 IV- Safety Kxchangc ................................... 30 Industrial Health .......................................... 34 la- bulletin Kurd ................................... 40 Personals ............................................... 53 Tltc Safety Library............................................... 60 Ti>c Honor Roll ................................. 60 Cuming Events......................................................6\ Vith the Manufacturer .................................. ~2 Tlie Buyers Service .................................. "A The Accident Bammetcr .................................. 80 LAksiA.v T. Fish, Editor ( fxi:< Hillings, Associate Editor Stanley H. Kershaw. Poster Editor C. H. Miller, Advertising ^Q^^ager '-'Iv 1 'alit :>sc by National Safety Council. Inc. Printed in C.S.A. Published monthly matter June 1. 1S21. at the Post Ufflce at Chloitu. III., under the 1 nr Mnrch 1S79. Additional entry at Si. Joseph. Mich. --- " IiTIi'T price to member* fur extra copies of the NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS , uu ,,,-r 'CIir- Single copies, to cent*. Reduced quantity prtces for vearlv nuliacnp1 nd atngle copies on request. Subscription* are available only to membera of the National Safety Council. Member Audit Bureau of Circulation. Thu. n,M>axlne la indexed In the Industrial Arts Index. *nd opinions advanced In signed article* are to be underrtood ax individual -'non* ,. their autliora. not tho*e of the National Safely Council. National Safety Council, Inc. * .\.Vo;j-Po/frtVtf/--,,Vn-'S<rfarrn/ 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, U. S. A. New York Office, 9 East 41st Street Office of the Education Division. I Park Ave.. New York Cifv I \ f Officers, 1934-1935 John . Long. President. Hokkxt I. Catun. Vice-President for Public **afet>* D. D. Fcnnlll. Virc-Presldent for Pub 3 lic Itelatinri* Lrw R. Palmu. Vke-Pmldcut for Safety Councils Alhfjit S. nmvu. Vice-President for Hnciiirerliis C W. Smith. Vice-President for Industrial Safely R. T. Soi.CN STEN, Vlfr*Prr*ilrnt for Alenibenh.n <1auil*s H. Watson. M.H.. Vice-President for Health AuuiT W. WitiTNi.%. Vicr-Pre%ileHt for Education William li. Wimni. Vice-President fer riuuiKe and Tirnstirrr W. li. CotKkdN. S**rrrt;tr> mii<1 Manag ing Jlirrrior Executive Committee j"' Members at Large The Above Orncxu ano: A. L. Aanjiaoxc. Kastman Kodak Co. T. H. Caaaow, Safety Section. Associa tion of American Kalirouds J. E. CViAtNXV. liethlrhrm Steel Com. Haaav tiutLaiar. The lhtllnun Co. (1. T. Heixmctii. Clt en*o North Shore and Milwaukee La Irnad C.u. ThuA, p. Kr.vaNj. industrial Commit- xtao-of Ohio Thomas H. UacDonau. U. S. Bureau of Public Easraas iR. oaXdisheex. Portland Cement Asaociatlon HiMU L. Mixea. K. t. duHout dr - taouni A Cn. fixoacx E. Saxroao. ,:enerai Klrctric Co. ILaxbt A. SciltT.TT. I'nitctl stntev Mrrl Corp. Safety Csuncil Representatives Claalxcx P. T*vu. Mnssaeliusetlft Safely Council Walto UtNT Smith, tHdawar* Safety C*unrst C. E. 11ALSTON. Wr-le-n. PfllllsV lvallii. Safety Oitnir:l * l>. I'LN N I.I.I.. hanvi* t.itv Salrt\ (AHitiril IlltMUT l Si.H.vm. l.-niUvillr SafMv Oninell H. It. Fnatrix. Iwhiuli Val1c> Safety (luanetl Kmankun M. K*k*i.. Kvunstnn Safety Ouuieii Sectional Representatives (Uft. M W. Finke. Jh.. Murinr I*. W. UiuCN. Wood Products Hammji (*. Hottman. Slm*t and wajr Traffir Mulx C Hale. Autufinttlvr and Mclunr Stxip l. W. MiiJ-anii. Amdetil Prevrnmm Equinntrnt Manufarturers toRsru l). SEYStoi*M Ac*rmv.iutic*il J. A. V<tu. Mrtals ^ Part Presidents l ItoacaT W. ljnmi.1. AaTHt-m T. Maaev . Uv It. P.I.W1-* ( D*no V*x Sumaak* IUlth C. llli-.HAanx* I CMaaixs P. Tolman A*tmv H. Yovnc I MAar.t'a A. On*' Lzwtx A. nKllLots ; Cabi. II. Afi:i. CHAaiax II. Scott Waltcji ti. Kikc lioxui li. Ni:u` l.T.rCm.. Ht'Nv A. llrxtNcra C. Evcexk l"t.-TTt*nXK r.t.i W. llraiA/i-ivr jAHft.N I. ItANAMI *!'* *< Honoraty Members PoAcar W. Camchkij. Autx.iATtaK nr taoh A Stixc. F.I.ri mol < f*j * 1 j : ? :l !lf I 4 i-i *r.-:|i : No Half Way Measures in Dusy Control By ARTHUR S. JOHNSON Assistant to the Manager. Engineering Oefturttttrnt. Antericiui Mutual Ltabtlitu insurance Cnmimitu O CONTROL its dust hazard lo Tthe extent of making the occur rence of pneumoconiosis improb- jlili'. industry must do much more than Dust control is not an event; it is a program that requires concentrated da -to-day attention Imv met hanicai dust removal equipment .in-: it aoin^. With it there must I*1 al to the amount of silica in the air not produce disabling iung pathology, .v,; up a routine of cheek and double breathed. A new ray of hotx- lies in yet we are faced with the iact? of claims . heck, perhaps whole new operating some fairly good evidence that there prosecuted successfully. Quantity of practices and a sharp definition of re sponsibilities. This ail boils down to day-to-day attention to a program de-iened upon a long range health conMTvation policy. Half-way measures unrelated to each other won't work. Xor i> this a "done once, done forever" aiTair. Dust control is not an event, it is a program that never finishes. may be mixed dusts in which such dust as limestone, gypsum, coal, hematite, clay or cement dilute the silica hazard and produce less physiological reaction than the silica content operating as pure quartz alone. A second group of dusts produces somewhat the same clinical picture as silicosis in its early stages, yet the x-ray dust, rather than quality, was doubtless responsible for any ill health. Some state regulations require dust exhaust machinery on some o|x*ra lions. We must, therefore, include for control some dusts which by nature may not be harm ful. Our fourth grade of hazard is tuber culosis. Tuberculous i- a disease caused Report < seem to be in rather general of the. chest shows the shadows pretty by a germ, and probably more useful agreement about four grades of pneu much confined to the lymph ducts. The work has been done to control this moconiosis hazard. First, quartz caus damage appears not to be so serious as disease than almost any other. From ing real silicosis, a serious solidification silicosis in many ways, particularly in time immemorial the dusty trades which "f the mass of the lungs by fibrosis or that it is not progressive nor does it pre- we now speak of as having a silirosis grewtn of scar tissue. It takes years to :v: |)Ut once startffl is progres- . -adit inn which will not stop and .ann.it ii,- cured. After ex[xisure of 1 5. '-m 25 years, men in certain trades ac uimilate this fibrosis of the lungs which lisxms their capacity lor physical lalnir. h makes them short of breath anti muses certain well - defined clinical symptoms. X-rays of their chests show characteri-tic shadows. A few of these t^en die .1-. a direct result of this condi tion Although few of them have their physical capacity to work lessened even In IS or 20 years, there may lie actual tone impairment which predisposes them 1& tuberculosis. The cause of this sili'`h's is silica, as free quartz, not coni`nod witl) nilier elements in the form of }|iic;ui.< i,,u the quartz as found free in grami,-, jn purest natural form as N`ni aii.| gani-i'er. The studies made of ni',ny i'a-e- .,i silicosis and the exposure"I'irh i.iu-ed them in the rock industrNimi grinding industries, fire- making, etc., have shown that the k^rd is silica and that it is proportion- dis|x>se to tuberculosis. The dusts pro ducing it certainly should Ik- classified :i- absorptive and therefore harmful al though nut in the same category a< quartz. There is no question hut that lessened lung capacity results from them after long enough etqxwure but it cer tainly takes more dust and more time to lower capacity for work. Asbestosis falls in this group and apparently similar condition5 develop from exposure tir^ ex cesses of many mineral dusts relatively low in free silica content. Inert Dusts A third group ef mineral dusts may be harmless in reasonable quantities. Tlte result of work by some investigators which has been published recently indi cate clay. talc, emery and carborundum dusts to be inert. In some animal cxivrinirntation these dusts did not pro duce fibrosis, t'untrarily, there have l>een claims for disability from worker who alleged that the exjjosure tu these same dusts caused their ailments. Ex perts state that these dusts generally do hazard were always among the danger S|>ots for ttilx-rculo-i-. What we now know is this: that .-ilim-is makes a first class place for tiil>erculo>is to thrive in and kill the patient off much earlier than would silicosis alone. (tpiniim soetns to be that pcrha|>s simple silicosis uncomplirated by tulxTCtilosis may seldom Ik fatal, but shortens the working life of the victim just as angina, arterio sclertisis. and such degenerative diseases do. On the other hand, we may expect from tuberculosis one of two things: first, a man brings tuberculosis, no mat ter how dormant it may be, into a dusty trade, he may reactivate the tuberculosis and have his case diagnosed as '`aggra vated by" tlie dust: or second, by get ting simple silicosis or jjerhaps other pneumoconiosis, and then contracting tuberculosis from tubercular associates either at work nr elsewhere. die of tuberculn-i- su|KTimp*i'4,tl on silicosis. Tulterculnsi- associated with silicosis does not rescind well t treatment. Regardless of the fact that tuberculosis is an infec tive disease not necessarily occupation 18 al. we must face this fact, that tubercu loading a cubic foot. This means that losis is so often the disabling result <>f if it is found necessary to exhaust the dust exposure, that dust control must dust at its point of origin so that that include tuberculosis control at the same which gets into the breathing zone of time. the workers will be 5 or fewer million invisible motes in each foot of space, we Measuring the Hazard haven't begun when we get out only the visible dirt. We are confronted with the Summarizing, we have three dust haz astounding fact that the health hazard ards; (1) quartz, which produces true has not been touched, even though an silicosis -- a progressive, lung-disabling exhaust is 98 per cent efficient in terms disease: (2) some dusts which produce of the weight of dust. If we cannot vis a pathology which usually is not serious and is not progressive after exposure stops, yet a pneumoconiosis none the less, and (3; some dusts which para ualize such an invisible hazard, it at least- warns us not to throw together sotnejin ducts, motors and fans, and call it dust control. doxically are probably relatively harm Returning to our main theme, let me less. yet have l>een the claimed basis for repeat 5 million particles per cubic foot tuberculosis and other disabilities. In as the bench murk for quartz dust, bince the absence of adequate diagnoses, occu the hazard is in proportion to quartz, pational histories and a more satisfac the less quartz the less danger, or con tory method of adjudicating claims than prosecution at common law. wc must conclude that it is necessary to find a practical methixl for controlling till min versely. the less quartz the more dust . may be permitted. Xow, is there a top limit oi dustiness which, regardless of .quartz content, might be considered a eral dusts. Let us now see whether it is maximum above which nothing would necessary to give them all the same de be safe, and up to which only the inert gree of control. or so-called "safe" dust might go? It We have learned that the silicosis haz seems to be pretty well agreed among ard is measured by the amount of silica the investigators that there is a top limit in the air breathed. This means that and this figure, or second threshold with but few exceptions it is directly limit, is 100 million particles. In other proportional to the amount of dust in words, no matter what the dust is, it's the air and the percentage. (of silica that dangerous if the concentration is greater is in the dust. The studies'which have than 100 million particles per cubic foot. estabiished the safe limit, or tolerance, In between these limits must lie the or threshold limit for continuous expo points of safety which take the propor sure without deleterious effect, have ar-, tion of silica into account. rived at 5 million particles of quartz dust per cubic foot of air, none oftwhich dust is larger than 10 mirra in size. I Standards for Dust Tolerance think we nerd to digress for a moment What is the practical answer? A table to visualize what is meant by 5 million of dusi tolerances such as is contained particles of dust of such tiny size. We in some state regulations does well know it is invisible to the naked eve be enough, and in them we find a general cause it takes 15 to 20 times that much agreement but with some variation. In to produce a haze, and even that isn't principle most such tables show 5 to 20 visible as particles of materials. The million particles as the limits where the particles, therefore, are so small as to quartz content of the dust runs from 100 thwart imagination. per cent. Hnvp m 30 or 33 per cent re As one looks across a dusty room and Kicat gobs dt"v Seating in the air, settling out rather rapidly, or being blown around by draft currents, he is told that that is not the oust we are talking about. The langer lies in such tiny particles that they could be run be tween the hearing and the shaft of a very fine machine and not touch, for a micron is roughh .00004 of an inch. Five particles of sand, each piece so small a- u Iv* omv .02 of an inch m spectively. To use these tolerances which -w hased upon percentages of silica, "both chemical and petrographic analyses of the dust must be made to get reasonable estimates of the silica. The sampling and analyses are both very dif ficult and expensive. It is doubtful ii the settled out dust represents the haz ard. and the raw material certainly does not. Also much evidence indicates that petrographic analyses of the smaller si/.es i- impossible. It o-ems to me that. things by arbitrary standards. j 1. Duos which arc known to be l.u^u quartz, 50 to 100 per cent, which fvpriHni, the vtmls. and sand stones whten are uv ln ; molding operations, sand blasting opur.i1 abra>te pulverizing, ganistcr brick mixing _na" j other such operations, can well be group,..; :,,r i a limit of 5 million particles. j 2. Dusts which come from the hard ncki used in the building and monumental trado which run ` 30 ro 50 per cent quartz and :hc mixed foundry dusts, which started with ho (0 V0 per cent quartz in the Sand but havc bicn diluted by tremendous quantities of smoke jnJ lime or phosphate parting so that tin brejllied is often less than 50 per cent a practical safe limit for them appears he 10 million particles. 1 f } 1 : s ; .i. For the whole great range of dusts such as talc or clay or nnery. which contain either no quartz or only a 5 or 8 per cent iiupurttv. for wlmh 100 million particles is a neser-;,. lx--exceeded dead line. I doubt that r can afford io take chances and he satisfied a us control which brings these dusts down eon i.. 100 million particles. I have often sue.".-ted 15 militiui but liave been accused :r,c ridiculous because that figure is certae . m arithmetical proportion to the siin. tent. Yer. wc are faces! with this dik:: ;i ..... suppose we pick 50 or 60 million paiinks. install a dust control procedure and find m i!k course of a number of years' operation thj: we sti!! get disabling results. N'o dust cor.:ri that I know of has actually demonstrated thg 15, or so nr 100 million residue is satisfactory. It inav he necessary, therefore, to skip a tolcf. ance for that type of dust except to sa;. tlu: when it is over 100 million it must be rsduccd H, "ver. get the dust down as low .< i* reasonably practicable, and 15 milln- -nil hviks reasonable to me. \\V now understand in general term* what dusts, how much, and of what sizes constitute health hazards. Vou have a plant in which you suspect a hatartl. Let us examine what can ho i!nr alxiut it to evaluate your particuln: m ditions. Dust control is so expen~i-.- yiw should nut guess at the hazard. If . '"*r dust has a lot of quartz in it. Midi ~ foundry molding sand, ganister. aucregate fur fire brick, granite, sand tor tool grinding, etc., there is a beak" hazard. If you can see the dust. know it to be a terrific hazard. If ii*'1* is settlement on ledges there is a ha/a*'"Vou can save yourself the bother of ing out the exact quality of toxic!;;. !,vl proceed at once to put the dust .m,i<r control. Your problem ties in thr ' ,,f 10 million limit group. I j ! 1 f J , f ! j ' ? J i { l * f * r I ' ; ; | $ \ j * s | ? If, on the other hand, you have -,:K mixed dusts of low silica control doubtful hazard, before buying du> control machinery you want to find "uI what the hazard is and how much. first thought would lie to tak*- j ( * i 1 !i i. It ::1 j-Ji: r fi t f-. i `- 48 a reasonable price. There is also a verv Dust Control ingenious continuous dust sampling an*i counting apparatus for keeping a con. (Continued from page tSj tinuous count of the dust in a room unrier exhaust and it can be so arranged as counts, make analyses and rely upon those findings. I have said that I doubt the value of analyses. They may prove to be the only practical methods, but they certainly are not'as good criteria as to knotv whether the dust is harmful, and some moderate quantities under suspicion may be safe. We are, there fore, very anxious from a practical standpoint u> determine whether our dust is really dangerous or not. This seems to me to be a tremendously im portant point, for if certain dusts are be made only by physicians who arc qualified to interpret x-rays and who have training and wide experience in the diagnosis of respiratory ailments. The periodic examination is an indis pensable preventive measure which en ables the physician to detect diseases of the lungs in their early stages and at a titfte when removai of the worker from the-dust offers hope of recovery or im provement. In addition, the repeated routine medical examinations furnish a valuable means of determining the effec to control the ventilating exhaust mechanism, turn on more as needed and turn it off when the satisfactory condi tions have been reached. This has been designed and built, by Mr. Hazard ar.c Mr. Philip Drinker of Harvard and .<> far as I know, is still a laboratory piece. I see nothing impracticable about j, however, and for a large dust control in. stallation I would expect it to be as useful as the automatic carbon monoM'ddetector and control mechanism in the Holland tunnel. nm dangerous, the atmospheres contain tiveness of dust control measures. There are practical dust suppression ing them should not require such clean While it would seem desirable to ex mechanisms-for sand blasting, tumbling, sweeping as though the quartz content amine present employees to discover grinding, mixing, bagging, drilling, abra were there alone. cases with active tuberculosis, in order sive grinding, dry pan mixing ami al Our present knowledge of pneumo to assure proper treatment and prevent most every typo of localized |x-r;:nW coniosis is so limited, and esjwcially our their spreading infection, this procedure generating dusts. They are ex; u-ivi- knowledge of these minor dusts, that we is likely to stit_up claims or misunder unless well-designed. They are t<> >..'ien do not know definitely which are bad standings on the part of the. workmen. ineffective because, as l said before, and which are not. Good medical Such examinations, if made, should be they don't begin to touch the health records of old employees, which records used pniy for rehabilitation purposes. hazard until they have got rid of most would show the incidence of pneumonia, of the dust, which is the best they can tuberculosis, etc., would be helpful. X-ray of employees with 20 years or more exposure would be most useful, but -.Tb danger from inexpert diagnosis on Equipment -for Dust Counts Our problem now is to suppress the dust to a safe limit. That implies its re do. They wear out due to the abrasive action of the dust. They cost a lot of money, and the cost usually cannot lc justified on the grounds of improved the one hand, and misusqef the informa moval at the source by mechanical ex work efficiency or quality of product. tion on the other, makesExamination of employees for this purpose something to be avoided. I urge that more satisfac haust. That implies counting the dust to begin with in order to have some basis for designing the equipment, and re Occasional installations will be ?e!fsupporting. The Kelly trap on rock drilling has been demonstrated to in tory yardsticks for evaluating this haz counting to know that the equipment is ard be found, and the recent and current working satisfactorily. The impinger or toxicity studies hold some hc$e for an standard method is complicated, slow, crease the cost per foot drilled but has increased the drilling rate sufficiently to offset the cost. Also in the case answer. expensive and poor for routine checking of air-conditioned rooms in which por In the meantime, it is necessary to as although it must be used as a standard celain enamel is sprayed, the exjwnsivr sume that all mineral dusts contain for calibration. We, therefore, want a air conditioning system can lx- nsadr some health hazard and put them all un simple method, one that somebody not to control the dust and at tin der control, anti rely upon the low an industrial health expert can use sat time be made economically <u.u*! by quartz content of the material producing isfactorily. Zeiss Konimeter is a satis reason of an improved quality oi the dust to iocate it in the third or least factory instrument in the hands of the enameled surface. Xo doubt there art harmful bracket. man who has had some training. The in many installations which have already It may be well to consider medical ex- strument is imported, is rather difficult demonstrated economy from other con u mi nation* as a dust control measure. It to_qbtain. and not too expensive, under siderations than improvement to health is rcco.T.rr.rr.ded that new employees for S200, 1 believe. The point 1 wish to make is that -* dusty places hc found physically fit in Another instrument is the Owens Jet improvement to health is too important order to avoid introducing men whose which has been modified by Mr. Matcn to waste time trying to justify du.-'> y condition makes them liable to an early of Harvard and Mr. Thompson associ haust equipment upon economic break <J**wn on account of defects or ated with me in the American Mutual to erations. Where operations are --PrenL diseases .ureariy present, or who may in make its operation simpler and more sat out over a great area, as in the case o fect others by spreading disease. isfactory- This apparatus was built foundries, it is difficult to avoid raisl0'- Proper diagnosis of such physical con specifically for use in checking the dust dust in the shakeout operation.except by ditions can only be accomplished by control apparatus in a large granite expensive mechanical installations. Ml'~ having a medicil examination with x- shed, and is entirely satisfactory. Up to of those which have come to my attefl rays of the chest, including as complete the present time I do not know that any tion have been installed for the ei*>non>' a nx-db-a'. and employment history of instrumt-n* maker has undertaken to purjwse of sand handling ami in * . . *t.. - I1 *' :ti i.-IJTt it. but . i-rt.dnly .1 ilt-inaud uirh ct>es wi-re far from sa'bj '' * .1 Ml*)... il* <!'*' .-ami ttumagt- all rijiixi Lain liu-V do not touch the niicrograms. LcL us now look further to see whether some other remedies will be satisfactory, suppose we leave the hazard alone and put respirators on the men. It won't work, except for very short periods or for emergency work, such as cleaning out dust arresters or loading tumbling barrels. There should be no question alx.ut efficient respirators because the i'.-.ited States Bureau cf Mines is now prepared to make tests and an employer ran justifiably limit his purchase to res pirators which meet these tests. Even though respirators may be efficient, they arc uncomfortable, and while it is not a hardship for a man to wear a respirator temporarily, or even for a week perhaps during a period of breakdown in the dust Happy Feet iwhnu-t system, I cannot conceive oi workmen remaining contented it they haw to wear respirators continuously for a long period. If they need to wear them and don't wear them properly they might just as well not have them on at It ha.- often been said that a man is no better than his feet. Mangled, bruised, broken or smashed foes and feet not only take a man off * all. the job, but cost real money in I l In operations which can be confined compensation, medical and other m a limited space, such as sand blasting direct and indirect costs. In ad and perhaps shaking out some tvjws of dition snch injuries reduce the $ fastings, the workers can be~enta?T-.i in morale of fellow workmen and i heimets provided with an adequate sup slow down production. [ ply of clean air. The air-line helmet is { practical for continuous use. while a \ou can protect your workers* filter respirator is practical for only feet by insisting they wear-Lehigh limited periods. If the dust is extremely heavy, say 300 million particles of Safety Shoes with the improved I I quartz, and a respirator is 98 per cent steel box safety toe. Their feet will riiieient. the worker is still breathing six be happy feet, protected a-ain.-t niilli,particles, which is too much. injury and further--I^ihigh Shoe- Think ..f respirators preferably to sup are built for comfort, durability I plement exhaust systems. und appearance. EVERY-DAY WORK SHOES So. S39 -- Black Elk Btucher, Leather Sole and Rubber Heel. So. 5JJ --Ai Above. Except Chrome Leather Middle Sole, Army Grid Rubber Sole and Rub ber Heel. What else can we do to gel rid of the i dust hazard? The first to suggest itself > is to get rid of the silica content in the f dust. 1 know of one group of foundries which is conducting extensive research i t invoking the use of molding sands that are free of quartz. That may prove to be Size* 5-12 EE LEHIGH SAFETY SHOE GO. S. SEVENTH ST. ALLENTOWN, PA. thoroughly practical and is a step in the dshi direction. Any plant can study its operations to see whether the quartz niateriai that is being used can be elimi- FERALUN JIn1i~iip Treads A ho lirunzalun. Altimnlun and piicalun naied. Castings in some cases can be leaned with water. BlastiRg can be done frequently with steel grit instead of PREVENT ACCIDENTS ON STAIRS and FLOORS and. Certainly foundries can use silica te parting compound that is just as iood ;i> quartz dust. Silica packing A hard metal matrix.into which is can an abrarive next in hardneu to the diamond aexurcs durability and anti-ilip efficiency. ALL ARE FIREPROOF should Ik: replaced in annealing opera- Originator* and developed of Abraiive metals for tinn<. Pulverized quartz is not needed 35 an abrasive. This is one avenue of vonirtjl which should have thorough study in each individual case. Even though you get rid of quartz SAFE WALKWAYS Specify Fcralun and {]< Sun' AMERICAN ABRASIVE METALS CO. Irvington, New Jersey SEPTEMBER. 1935 but cannot get rid of all dust, see wh; you can do about getting rid of excesse IGro-Cord and Raw-Cord Solo and HceU contains approxi mately 709o native cotton. The Cotton is twisted into tough cords to increase wear. Cords are placed in the sole ON-END to prevent slipping- of it by conducting operations in such manner as to minimize the raising c dust. Explore your process, for insur.e* and see how much residual dust lies cthe horizontal beams, ledges, etc. jsome plants that have not been cleans for a long time this dust has been f0un;' to lie at the angie of repose and the bration of a passing truck would libera;enough dust in the air to be of itself serious hazard. This can be got rid e; by a thoroughly practical means, Suc; as vacuum cleaning or blowing iloun with a jet of wet air or steam. Respirators are satisfactory- for the protection of men doing the cleaning. GRO-CORD and RAW-CORD soles and hfels are uied in dairies, iron and steel foundries, railroad shops, auto factories, gas and elec tric plants, ice and fuel stations, stone quarries, mines, general warehouses -- where Safety is an important factor. 4 Non-Slip features relieve leg strain. 5 The high percentage of cotton resists heat and cold. 6 CORD-ON-END gives cushion COMFORT to the feet. Flexibility and case in walking. s NON-SLIP adds confidence and efficiency to the wearer. GRO-CORDS and RAW- 10. CORDS guard against lost time accidents from slipping. Safe workers are efficient work ers and are in demand. Now--before you have an accident is the time to purchase shoes that have GROCORD or RAW-CORD soles and heels on them. Your work will be more pleasant because of this added safety. ^ ser- our extubleat Htti Annual Safety Congress and Exposition UOOTH XO. lft,*i!rown Hotel. Louisville, KOctober 14-1S. 1J35. The Lima Cord Sole & Keel Co., Dept. 7-F, Lima, 0. Killy Protected br Puente--Xor ln/nnrrm*t WU1 Be PfrroccaUd NOJV-SL I F v S O l E S~a N I There is an economic value in this item. It has been reported by some plants which have improved their housekeeping by this method and have gone j step farther and brightened up their factory rooms with paint and adequaie lighting that other accidents have !>em reduced and work efficiently increased. Certainly an extremely dusty place indi cates sloppy housekeeping. Housecieaning must be put on a periodic routine. Dry* processes will sometimes admit oi being changed to wet processes, or damp processes.- While dampness will not hr dust, moisture in the process will pre vent the generation of dust in many cases. Care must be exercised in inter preting this suggestion because water oa a high speed grinding wheei does net prevent the dust. One of the most seri ous silica health hazards is wet grindinz on natural sand stone wheels. The inci dence to tuberculosis is high. Water on artificial emery and carborundum wheeb may or may not be beneficial. It is per mitted in lieu of dust exhaust in at one state, but we are faced with opinion that these dusts are harmless anyway, unless the volume is high. It* worth depends upon getting the du*' well below 100 million particles. Rubberized^Fabric Link Mat This Non-slip Safety Mat is especially designed for industrial use where there is a slip hazard. In addition, they increase the 1 tl workers' efficiency as they reduce fatigue brought on by stand ing on concrete, brick, tile or hard flooring, ideal for placing in front of machines and where wet conditions exist. Heavy galvanized wire with cadmium plated clips and plates are used to prevent rust. Furnished in sizes to meet your require ments. Low in cost and long wearing. Write today for prices and complete information. THE BUXBAUM COMPANy Akron, Ohio Having done all the housekeeping 3nprocess improvement that can be devised in lieu oi exhaust, we are confront'"1with the question of whether there i4*11 remains dust in sufficient quant i'^ ','0= some processes to make it neceir0` remove it by mechanical exhaust. DUs* counts will tell the answer. Hand lions, such as molding, can be d*11*' without raising much dust. Most nK chanical operations which use or g'rnff ate dust must be exhausted. It seemsin evitable that exhaust be used on s3"' slingers. rock crushers, dry' par1-*- '-'tc- Assumim: th:u we have put o'- --t'  iwu?* .-> 'Il-|" Hut la well ucsignol, what fe* musl be -done to make it work? I have fcC- 53,'d that they wear out. You must put dost counts on a routine basis as a check of tif- 'iciency of the system. Whether 1? you use the Zeiss or the Owens' or the h. impinget doesn't matter. The system must be explored constantly for leaks, the dust traps must be cleaned regularly, and the dust disposed of so that it won't .. .. buiidlsz. If li*c dcjipi contemplates returning the cleaned aif to the building, extremely careful checking of it must be done in order that the hazard may not be compounded. It ts poor practice to return the air to the building because operation is so often badly maintained. Who is responsible for a dust control program? The owners, through the man agement. are responsible for the provi sion of the equipment and the proper engineering to produce it. They have to spend the money and it is management's responsibility to see that it is spent properly. The initiative and the engi neering necessary to control the dust rrst entirely with the management. It is not a hazard which can be controlled by efficient supervision and safe practices alcne. The supervisory department is re sponsible for the housekeeping, safe practices and shop methods. Some as signed members of the supervisor}' de partment are responsible for the main tenance and operation of .the dust renmcai rqutpment and for the dust counts used as a check on the system. If there ever was a nice machine re quiring constant tuning, it is a dust re moval system. It won't work without this attention. The workers carry a responsibility too. They must use the safeguards pro vided. whether they be respirators or portable hoods to place behind hand tools. They must not stuff bags into ducts to stop drafts. Dust control is a cooperative thing--each division carrymE its share of responsibility. Nobody can avoid his responsibility and make the thing work. A Correction Through an error in the caption acoompanving the illustration on page II o( the August National Safety News. Alfred I*. Sloan, Jr., president of Gen- -Motors Corporation, was referred ait lo as vice-president of the corporation. SEPTKMBEH, 1935 Whcjii you make your next plant inspection, be sure to notice those more or less out-of-theway drive belts, motors, shafting or other equipment that should be guarded, but that have been neglected.due to their location. It is a good policy to'protect every hazard even though the chance of accident is seemingly small. It is real economy to protect your workers from possible injury and it is Safety Guard -Economy when you do so with H & K Guard Accessories. They are furnished ready for easy and quick assembly by your handy man in his spare time. All H&K Guard Accessories are under inspec tion service of Undcmviters* Laboratories, Inc. .The m . _ x I/; ,\r-. amnqfon&Kinq Perforating . I 'Co. - 114 Libertv St. new yorkJ ,\. v. 5645 Fillmore St. CHICAGO, ILL- USE a UNION or COLUMBIA CARBOY INCLINATOR for the SAFE and EASY way to pour acids and chemicals from carboys or small and medium size drums. A tried - and proved device _ attractively priced. Sold on money-hack guarantee. Send for a completely illus trated ami ih-criptive bulle tin gi\ing lull particulars and prices. THE INCLINATOR COMPANY-p.o. box 3*j-kikkeapolxb, MINN.