Document gbpD57aykjQrNKrQVv9XLX27q

HSIS, Inc. a CIGNA company Liberty Federal Tower 201 Second Street, Suite 530 Macon. GA 31213 (912) 743-8080 - October 30, 1986 Dr. E. Edward Wang, Manager Corporate Environmental Control J-M Manufacturing Company, Inc. 1051 Sperry Road. Stockton, CA 95206 CIGNA z PLAINTIFFS It EXHIBIT i JMMC-33 RE: ESIS Contract # 51-180 Dear Dr. Wang: On September 16 and 17, 1986, I made a visit to the Denison plant to conduct an Environmental Health Survey. As a result of that visit, I am submitting the attached recommendation which should receive your immediate attention and consideration. You will also find the results of the Environmental Health Report attached. These results are an indication of the environmental health conditions that existed on the days of my visit. I wish to thank you and your staff for the cooperation that was extended during the course of this visit. If you have any questions regarding this report and recommendation, please do not hesitate to call me at (713) 933-1826. Sincerely, Aileen Teng, CIH Senior Environmental Health Specialist CIGNA Loss Control Services, Inc. cc: Charles Stelchek, Plant Manager, J-M Mfg., Denison, TX John T. Armstrong, J-M Mfg., Denison, TX Daniel Weetmen, Alexander & Alexander of NY NOV. 1 O 1986 D 002260 RECOMMENDATIONS a QGNA compony NAME: J-M Manufacturing LOCATION: Denison, TX CIGNA EH 86-1 As can be seen from the sample results presented in Table I, the UPL #2 inspector was exposed to an asbestos level in excess of the OSHA permissible exposure limit. The willow operator's exposure level exceeded the OSHA action level. Routine monitoring of asbestos exposure levels and a medical surveil lance program have already been implemented per' the requirements of the 1972 asbestos standard. Several revisions were incorporated into the 1986 asbestos standards. It is recommended that the addi tional provisions.for notification of monitoring and medical examina tion results, work practices, preventive clothing, hygiene facili ties, warning signs, compliance program, respiratory protection, medical surveillance, record keeping and employee training in the 1986 standard be adhered to. A comparison of the two standards is presented in Appendix II for your reference. CPHA98a Ptd.inU.S.A. 0 002261 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH REPORT PREPARED FOR: J-M Manufacturing Company, Inc. Denison, Texas DATE OF SURVEY: September 16 & 17, 1986 CONDUCTED BY: Aileen Teng, CIH Sr. Environmental Health Specialist CIGNA Loss Control Services, Inc. ACCOMPANIED BY: John T. Armstrong J-M Manufacturing Co., Inc. D 002262. 1 INTRODUCTION On September 16 &-17, 1986, an Environmental Health Survey was conducted at your plant in Denison, Texas, to evaluate employee exposures to noise, vinyl chloride monomer, respirable dust, total dust, asbestos, organic solvents, and carbon monoxide. The survey was conducted at the request of J-M Manufacturing Company, Inc., as an on-going monitoring program. The standards and guidelines, methods, results, and discussion pertinent to this report follow. STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES The recommendations made in this report are based on current OSHA standards and/or accepted state-of-the-art industrial hygiene practices to give reason able protection to the health and well-being of your employees. The standards pertinent to this report are found in the Appendix Section. METHODS Air sampling and analyses were conducted using the following. Air Contaminant Vacuum Source Flow Rate Liters/Min. Collection Medium Asbestos Gilian HFS113UT Pumps, DuPont 2500 Sampling PUmps 1.5 Open-faced 25mm AA filters. Cassettes with 50mm extension cowl Vinyl Chlo ride Monomer Gilian HFS113UT Pumps 0.05 2CT** in series Respirable Dust Gilian HFS113UT Pumps 1.7 Pre-weighed PVC filters on mini cyclones Total Dust Gilian HFS113UT Pumps 1.5 Pre-weighed PVC filters Tetrahydro- DuPont P-4000 furan. Sampling Pumps Ethyl Acetate 0.2 CT Methyl Ethyl Ketone, Methylene Chloride Gilian HFS113UT Pumps 0.05 2CT in series Analytical Method PCM*, NIOSH P&CAM #239 NIOSH P&CAM #127 GC*** NIOSH P&CAM #106 Gravimetric NIOSH P&CAM #127 GC NIOSH P&CAM #127 GC D 002263 -2 Carbon Monoxide Gilian HFS1L3UT Pump 0.0035 Detector Tubes Direct Reading * PCM * Phase Contrast Microscopy ** CT * Activated Charcoal Tubes *** GC " Gas Chromatography Unless otherwise stated, samples were taken in the workers' breathing zones to obtain samples indicative of actual employees exposure. Pumps were calibrated prior to and after the sampling period. All analyses were conducted by Environmental Health Laboratory in Macon, GA, which is accredited by the American Industrial Hygiene Association. Noise Sound level measurements were taken throughout the plant at the various opera tions in the hearing zones of the employees. General Radio Sound Level Meter, Type 1933, was used for the survey; this meter was acoustically calibrated with General Radio 1562 Sound Level Calibrator before and after use. Quest Model M-7B noise dosimeter was used to measure cumulative exposure to noise. The noise dosimeter measures and accumulates noise and produces a con tinuous reading of the allowable exposure to which the wearer has been subject ed. The microphone of the dosimeter was clipped on the employee's shirt col lar near the ear, thereby receiving and accumulating approximately the same dosage as the ear. RESULTS Asbestos The results of asbestos sampling are presented in Table I. The concentrations are presented in number of fibers (longer than 5 microns) per cubic centime ter, by job description. Also included are sample time, sample volume, and OSHA standard. Respirable Total Dust The results of respirable dust sampling are listed in Table II. The concentra tions are presented in milligrams per cubic meter (mg/M^), by job description and location, along with the applicable OSHA standard. Vinyl Chloride The results of vinyl chloride monomer sampling are presented in Table III. The concentrations are presented in parts per million (ppm), by job descrip tion and location, along with the applicable OSHA standard. D 002264 3 Organic Solvents The results of organic solvents air sampling are listed in Table IV. The con centrations are presented in parts per million (ppm), by job description and location, along with applicable OSHA standards. When two or more hazardous substances are present, their combined effect, ra ther than that of either individually, should be given primary consideration. The health effects must be considered additive unless there is evidence to the contrary; thus, exposures are added relative to their designated OSHA stan dards. When adding these exposures, a value "Em" (equivalent exposure for the mixture) is determined by the OSHA formula. Exposure is considered excessive when the value "Em" exceeds unity (1.00). Em = TWAi + TWA? + TWAq .... + TWAn PELi PEL2 PEL3 PELn Where: TWA is the Time-Weighted Average concentration of a particular substance and PEL is the corresponding permissible limit for the substance. Total Dust The results of total dust sampling are presented in Table V. The concentra tions are reported in milligrams per cubic meter (mg/M^). Carbon Monoxide The results of carbon monoxide sampling are presented in Table VI. The concen tration is reported in parts per million (ppm). Noise The results of noise level measurements and Time-Weighted Average (TWA) expo sure are listed in Table VII. D 002265 Comments &0 cr4 U 3 X<JJ CO 4-4 3 C CO s --c XCJ o 3 XJ O coj aCoO < -3 A IR SAMPLING DATA ASBESTOS- *0-*) 09 J0*) (Ofl. .-OH --Hu4 rs oo co r** om vCON m m CN mo 00 mo CO CN OCO o--vt w >^ t-<4o n*-- a. c oi CN CM CN CN CN T<)D AQJ -w o O O o o In to **, 14 UC 0In9 o a> c--o4 o* o <or Noi* o cino o OV CO o mF-N ON r*o < O XI 4-| Vo o o o o oo Q) *H03) u a Q<o Eco CO *v0**o0*-^ VHO 'v0\"0ON0, \o 00 V--O ND 00 VO --4 vO 00 VO vO 00 vO o\ a\ av av ov Ov Vn CO O JS o as c o *-l /s XJ a- o Ao -u4 5S "> o S CO 1 a) o C9 W a* o H O Xi XJ C *-s oO CCSNi3 -I <n q f-H 4 Oa> r*--44 O CQ cu o 5^ XJ .fj F*^ p4 /-s 4J ti3 53 050 t nq *--1 W uc 3o C OJ XJ > L- CO <a u Q9 03 C >-N 09 t*3 H 5 -| <o a --4 v/ r-< f-4 u0) >co> Ua) H u0) w 3 o cao ^ a> u 32 5 CO co 1 a *--4 v--' c o c^ U r-4 09 CO > 32 5s 3C ^C3 CO Ou *7 O u ai p^ o3 U c5o -i cn a 1--4 O' u o 4J CuO 0 CL o F--\ ' 5o PJ Q &w The TWA e x p o s u n le v e l exceeded , th e 0SHA a c tio n le v e l o f 0.1 fib e rs /c c . 002266 m 'mS3- CO coo oo o o CN o co o o VO co r- fH CTv 5S E 60 C r4 (Q '-j j a o FStf cCO H EC0O) XJ CO C o m m e n ts P ro c e s s in g 16" C la s s 100 p ip e s 002267 5 W O tHw m oo <t NO Sf CM cn co in o pOH pOH' ^cH 00 CM vO cm <t vO NO CM CM to vo m CM CM Q p<HD O, tEo (!) E --gCt w Hw O CM cn -h cn oo oo CM u o CM CM CO r--< pH C3&-* w--i lj j4a--314) o o o Vo w CO o H CO PC3O <CO l < *--< T3 O \U CUO *TC3O CO Vi a) O c0 o -Q a) -u CM O CM O fa <H fa W U-l iJ < C9 /"N HS o M * uH* a. s u Uc uCO --i o o CM pH o CO < o a o o ps M 4H-1 V V--/ o V < cm o cn r- co on pH ON pH <t r- 0C0M o o o oo V m vo r** PH pH VO PH r*- pH pH in CM PH St O O oO CM CM Oo CO H N OlA N o o o oo V CM co o o o V CM CM OO pH On Cn pH o o oo V m co st m o o oo 0) 0o) pH AJ Q* to E Q CO V0O0 "S* so pH ON 041> >t --o< c; gE* gco w sa -MCl ,C *- o rH XH c0) Vi Pm fa c 4oJH /-N * JO C*u 2O O r> U dto0o) 2i >n w 45 uQ) 'O cc 2CO Vi U 0) U4 600) (Q >> tiH V O XJ OU11 '"v 3fa C1O O CO Q. Q n co O'-' vO CO s* NO --H ON c o >UN ,pv4* -o C0) pH O SU 60 Hc U aj o (O u Oo o) H a) CO O 60 CV n O C C '"v Ou fa1 -pj i-3fht, w 0n)j to cn --1 i C O Vi Q HOC w vO co VO pH -n. ON >1 C X-o o S ou eta m 60 pcH pf3Ha fa O Oo f4a-1 ^f-av 6Vwtoi0 oX3JrpnQ1H J Ov/ NO oSo*. ^H On 003) 4J C3 EOJ pOH H ca Vi to Q fa C--' 0N0O *v NO pH ON e uo p<HD >, o. v<Q E0) OH < O2 <43 ^u* vO i SCQ Vi Q cn Loi n XJ U(Q fa pH to (U I P fa Q co O ^ 0VO0 vO pH ON u pH pH t<QD pH O pa fa a o CM % fa -J Zfa3 Sa1 t v-/ * A ccount: J-M M a n u fa c tu rin g L o c a tio n : D e n is o n , TX 60 pcH w3U soCuO XH m 3c Cco S oChO c s1 0) L01i C3O pCQ C<aOs o 41 4a4)) a 41 4) Jw3 CcMoO FLi 4a) * tc jwj cM HMe CO 0491 O 4) 3CLOi ao. fLoai o'--* J3 O O ph CCOO CO o 3so pH 043) ^C4L a 3\D CO 4C1L pH a 60 CH CO o poH CO 41 CO o CO fOLa Hco o co 3 01 vMO pCHL CL 60 c pH CO pO4 CO4O1 CO CO oL co pH CL o ZLZ 4) pH p-n Q. pH O 41 <O0 rH CM in CM pH in oo cm P- VO P-H o cn cn 48- o PM pH o oo V CM CM o Pm P-1 CM CM oo oo V p--H V 3 CO 41 paH. to a c pH oo CO ph CO 4OoL1i ^CCCHOOO 04 o -- \0_< CO 4C1L pH 3. to c pH oo CO CO 41 CO o CO oL co CL o in in CM ON vo <n cm <r m n m cn cn r- on cn pH CM os CM o s/ CM m CM CM o CM o ON * CM cn O cn so o o # o o N/ c c T3 4) 41 M M CL <8 E O <8 CO SO co **'* rpH ON 41 41 > O pH ai g- E <o Id Z eH pH 41 > T3 uM co 3 Q3 c o pH x-s Ml CL O 3Z O Li 3 oS CO 1 41 ca w -i 0 j /--v cm J CO =s 41 pH a Jfa CO 1 Q M SO CO >*, sO M \ Os pH pH pH a fa Q u 41 XJ CO CM 0J Ml * O Li -3 T3 04 >1 3 5B NO 00 s^, SO pH ON *o c OB 41 co ?S 03 CO 41 d as (4 41 *o CO o N =S 04 mj m m3 pH 1 04 e p 3 w SO CO NO pH -V. ON e o CO Li >* 41 Li *0 >4 C CO 41 3 ffi CL o P-N fa *tt* NO pH 31 ua w VO rpH ON c Li ai 41 pH oi O IS 4| U =. ttl a. fa 41 3 pH ON >> L. O L. 3 41 U -j (a- Li (0 4) 41 > Uh Li .pH O < >4 Q 00 00 CO). B -4 t) M M C 3 /-v C O CO O fa W Ml 01 E o H MJ pH C BO til pH pH 03 Q tn 0. o ca 4-< 7 C om m ents ( 1 ) TWA = The T im e -W e ig h te d A v e ra g e c o n c e n tr a tio n f o r a n o rm a l 8-h o u r w o rk d a y . T h is d e te r m in a tio n is based on the a c tu a l exposure tim e to the a ir co n ta m in a n t. 00 G H u 3 JJ X GH 3 4h * 3c Co <9 s -C4O c sG tQ e cU *rOJ 3 *J O3 GG <G O J A IR SAMPLING DATA ASBESTOS- /"N CO GU G D. . JJ E^ 3 O r-4 CO > CO rH IA G rH /> am c EE--* ts -< e co H w CM cn G G CO C 4-- W 5 H fl) HA H 4-1 o -j o o \/ /-N G *3 a ^ kX CO J co U *3 U O i-j S* s co wz CO Vi G 05 JO -4 E rH 3 V4 x= < o vO co **^ r-- On G >> GO G U -J O V. GG UX c .-o4 JJ ao Xo -hi* Z '-5 o a Cl) 1 G *} aw 4 ^ (O G cx 3 u O i OH O u V* G O G 60 JJ Cu 3 3 CO a) > w \o % G O C3 V4 G ha CO iG<c ceg bO-M GG J 4-V jG U W 0) JJ IA G e , o j3 e J0 > OG ca os -3 U 3 H 03 oE 33 j G G < GO C rJ 0 J2 G 03 E .-4 G au tHo tOo 3G Ur4 <d w Q M C XJ H 4h 3 *-l r4 C rJ Voi to to 0) <50 rcJ G3 T3 T3 UG 3 G(0 -O O c G *QG G > CO c *H3 3O G 0U) G --JUO-4l G EO CO u G xj fO 6 G XJ 3 --4 3 G U 33. JS 4J 3 O 3 --i CG G j3 *33 rH flj >> 6 rH JO > tH 33 G3 -C G Vi G Vi GG U O 3 UH GG rH U ex G E XZ 3 XJ 3 3G JcJ G3 O-fi HO * GCi C U 3 XJ (o0 H U4 3c Co cO 22 CO 212 0c) a *"> c XJ o C 3 4J O CO CJ CJ ao A IR SAMPLING DATA RESPIRABLE DUST- 002270 i 2 o. GO r QJ NO a. --* *4 - NO Q. -- H " E c oc co *CC4OO o o CCOO GC co HCCOO o --4 CO0) CO u o o <0 o co o CO o co uu _eu CJ u fH cm o U CU a u i"4 Cm o /"N *-<4U a> hCQO) u CSCOD h>O WH Ox rcn m NO cn cOox OCMN m oVCOM ox cn oo cn r-* NCOM a) i--l "N a a) c EE** cCCMMn m CM cOnX CM 4 r-* NmO cn CM cCnM VCCOMM i1CnM0 nj .* e w Hw O vOcn n 00 00 CO inCO -*0* 00 m m 00 c^ z o o rH o o CM CM 3 ^^ H w et o o o o oo o o S w *o ^ 1-4 UlCO z U "XS --. D C 6 m m m m mm m m 0o) XtoJ Vg./ Pu co <W(-1 CCCoJJf/^Os%60 wE ----H4 o <oxr o o 0CO0 o o 0--04 o vO m o co in o o mCM o cCoM o a) T03-)i 0xWj a t6ao vCOO NO Ox <y ro--4 WgE* 2EcO H^*-44 u <CvO Po3 e j3o *o4 --XuaJi, vz-oX -> oCO Z1 a) *-) o w o XuCJO 0) cu o =s. &00 NO 00 vO ON <s i--o4 C9 suaGO)O NCOO H OX *c4 > Qu03 u T--054) so NGOO --r-4* OX fr*4*-44 Q fa 0 V0c-u U* 0o> CM =s. 0004 UO =CM 00CU XoocCJOu wc 0) =CM 00Oi. XCaOJ) 2X>UOo3J NGOO --P's4. vO *N^0--O0-4* OX Ox c XoJ o 0>Uca>\ Q. Hv r^>44 0o3o uu0) H(t> u o X<J9 u <v oCu TsCa3O> u <os _ chn a> 3u a NO 00 N--O4 OX H CJ C0J) rr0(44U >1 iXHJJ p M o 0XJ cn XWOocJu o NO ao --t ox --4 <v *o c u3 c XJ 0o 0) ca cu o ^^TM44 CQ0 U. u>0%) 0u <o /--V 0) m Ho ca 0 z Nmo--l < A IR SAMPLING DATA RESPIRABLE DUST- D 002271 H6C0 M u3 oH UC4O 3C 3CO o 03 i-H T e0) Q d AJ o c 3O JtoJ OU UO c o ed *c^ uB 0) 40J) T3 03 5s CO *T3 VOt > 54 J301Z CM SCO JJ 54 C Oc eto <o B co 54 AJ OC M-l O o c ou fj aj CO CO 54 3 caj j-su 3 Oo Co o JJ Q 0) **B4 60 AJ (C4O 0) -5 T3 09 -U c 60 r-4 f04) CO 3 & JJ ia CJ CQ B *4 fl) H J3 AJ 0) J= c HO It rCaJ; co *< jDco & CO 9 10 C o m m e n ts 60 c u 3 XJ o LC-Ol sC cCO 2 o C4O c 2I 0J * xeJ --coi 3 XJ O CO OU UO < A IR SAMPLING DATA V IN Y L CHLORIDE- /-N CO 0) u t-i o CU XJ g f--4 a*4 # OH 03 > ^ 00 0) T--< *"N n. g co H -- co vO /*S e /- a3 CM 0. H ^ N-/ co o o V in co o o CM 00 cn o o V *c --* i-i U w <0 <0 u -o '"> <0 C *3 CO Q. * o *--J 4) E 6 0 hi Z C o p4 /"\ XJ a. o Xi -w 2 O V'J o s CO I a; >-j Qw CO 3 H o ce 0) >. f-H 4) o 60 c o w r-4 O O XJ 2m c Vi a) O CL o uXJ o 4) o *n X C --I M2 4: u a. a) *-< OU 3 CO a: os c00 u -1 o *3 xj r-4 PJ O fci s Q. co o *J CM xj =S. CL, a 4) vO CM *r-j | c^ > M =tt -- in on o ^"4 r*o CM co cn O o V r o 00 cn o o V vO 00 p*% OV PM CO r-l 0) 0) u *o CO --i 4? 3 oo u o XJ CO Vi 0) 0) aa). 0 o M /'N fit h P< 4) rt OX 1 >> in m *-4 --4 ^4 --I o cn cn CM CM CM m vO cn cn oo oo VV r** oo m VO cn cn oo oo VV vO vO 00 00 s^ "V* VO r-* ON OV cn co *3 4) cd EO to JS i-j pa -o C 01 O 0) E XJ >>-4 co U PS o m * v< vi (U U u A< 3 WO fci U CM XJ tt) 1 X O. > M Ov * ja cn u =s o 1-4 O CO O EO wc 4) o (h 03 U0) XJ CO f--1 3 O r--4 CO o CO <-4 Sn co ^5 Vi O Vi 3 O 42 1 CM *--4 CO u o U-4 0 h3 Pu > <2 O 4 > W CM O *-4 44 co 0 Cx3 X 04 Vi 3 o 42 ii CM M X) Tc3 C CO cO c *4 U6 3 CO O XJ 4t3 C o 00 u Vi cti B co Vi O 0) c 42 XJ cO O Vi XJ o Wl 0) B d **4 o XJ XJ a) cO Vi Vi 3 XJ CO Co <v Q* o c X(V o oH CO 0) 3 60 XJ CO <J Vi CO 0) > OJ < 43 XJ QJ C XJ O 42 00 -3 f4 0) CO 3 CO 1 3 a) E CO -rj i4 H c ID o JC J H XJ CO II c 4 < Bu 0) S XJ 0) H 3 /N CM Nm'' CM rCM CM o o Q W rc^ u X3 xj oH 4C4Q 3e cCO X o r0J3 c X"13 Q0) * c VCJ O 3 xj oo CoQ uo <3 .-3 A IR SAMPLING ORGANIC SOLVENTS- t Em ! CM o o *-N CO 0) u f-H 0) n. u S *"4 H nj O --* w > >-> on o #- <m 07 r-M o. m c E E <- <0h e M E-i --- mm Os <J* ^4 Os ON CM mm On -3* ^"N < E 3 -< a H^ a in co o- NO co o V *o r-l Jh CQ cq EUT5 > ScoI e V< CO XJ Vi 0) 9 H 4j 0) XJ i-< CO Ss AJ 43 0J XJ o w< aa); >o> *4 0) aE S CQ wz co p4 XJ ao jO Z O hi n os O) 1 0) i"3 o^ >N 0) *T3 r4 07 Vi Vi 0) Cl4 U o XJ *-S 0 5e0 Va>; a .-I o . oa r*4 42 2s 0) >o 03 03 a <G co cm co cn CM CM CO CM CO CO CM CM no ^ m \o -a- vo m VO t r-* ON pM ON * ** coco CO co CO i"4 o o' o o o co CO V r--1 CO ON 0) C 07 T? H f4 >> JZ uo XJ i-* 07 jC 2U Ui 03 0) > O 43 Ci C/l r-* t-0 vO =#= Vi Vi 07 O *30 xcjo U Vi x aAJ 0) wo c o PX XJ c<0 4 g tt> XJ O *o 03 p4 >> CO T3 Vi o ? Vi 3 O * CM XJ C Vi cco o J B Vi CO 3 XJ od 42 o 1o CO Vi c rJ CO <0 uo 0 43 IM XJ cO o XJ pj XJ 07 cO E u p4 XJ XJ o o 07 uc Vi a o 03 o oa oX CO 0) CO v> H o CQ >O <! XJ O -o CO 0) XJ 07 42 42 CO XJ J VC 3o 1 0) *o E 0) J 03 H CQ 42 <D JS 03 H M 1 < 3 H 'w' U 3 O J= 1 CM *--X U CO CO Vi 07 > CO CO Vi O 44 i-3 W a 07 42 H 07 CO CO Vi 0> > CO . 07 XJ 42 c4o d) /-s 5s 1a 07 a Bj m xj cn CO 7m an o 412 HCM 00 \ CO * 6X a aB a oa o mo o o) m *4 >--* 07 E *ho aa Vi o <*> f-4 CO 42 CO O 07 07 43 07 O f-4 XJ >s 42 T3 xj 07 07 XJ E <0 r--< Vi 3 OO 44 --( CO i-3 O (x3 a co 4 < X >. 0O0 *C3O 4^ 07 Vi 42 O H> Me 04) >> CQ 4* 7m O > Vi 3 O 43 | CM -H 07 co CQ Vi 07 > CQ G CQ U O 44 h-3 aCs3 0) x H 07 co CQ Vi 0) > CO * 07 XJ 43 E CO f4 a a 07 CO 1 CO 07 **M B M fl XJ CM u 3 O 00 43 1X CO ** e o. Ea 0. ao o o CM o CM CO sa pj a CO frl CO p-4 Vi 0) o 40 4M O *-3 XJ aU3 c 0) XJ X c0 CO o ^4 3 J0Z7 f--O4 CQ HO -je 11 CO r^. CM CM o o Q S a m p le V o l. (lite rs ) 372 300 DC C -4 u3 4uJ CO X H <4-1 3C C CO cHoo T c0) Q C XJ o C *H 3 XJ uO CoO oo <^ A IR SAMPLING DATA TOTAL DUST- r-O4S /--s a a) c U63 -HBj w-E< 00 -COM' m ^s CHs w-< wg w vO f--4 -4 io- co com TS0J) .-CPSJ ^SM bVUto Ev m m iw- oc ^s COM O 'Ew*' vO 0} --0o>( u a. Qa CEO vCOO vO Ov 4) OS f->o<< 0) IQEd. 2Sv i4 CD ^ !-SVC<Oc **3-Vo< oc uo c 4 XJ o. o jO -U 2 OU -scoa S1 a) m o^ 14 *Xa4s E CD *0C4)X 41oJp4 a) u O 0) >a. oO. 1 *4 CooM e i >coov u vO o a U XJ 9C J01Z **CC4O *c--m 6 co XJ uc oo uo in 30 .-U4 J1Z CO 00 0) c C XJ CO U XoJ o 4-1 Q) E vO c --< o Xi oH *CvNOO^ Ov 1 CD H*o o ec i-a4s 0>) O os 1 r-o< O& so CU ow axs XJ u WC*osn Cd*4o c u0) c o O r-4 CO OS 3 DUO 4o<J0 0) <> .4c) TJ" VC XJ O JS 60 T3 p4 0) 0) 0) 5I ACO o wE afJ> H C as o J3 H xj C0 ne --4 <3 P6 6 0) xdjl H 12 a 002274 A ccount: J-M M a n u fa c tu rin g L o c a tio n : D e n iso n . TX -= /--S CO a; Vi ^ ^ m o 0) rH fi. 4) C E6 B --i E CO H -- C*s CM JS H ><o> o Vi /"S CE 3 -i a o M Hw a *--i V Q O 3 U XJ 30 CtQ J13 ..ca ^04 6(Q u XJ e oo T3 i-4 Vi uw (0 co 3 V* V T3 E 0) C G. o JOZ <o ao) co a xj w tn 00 o w I fn CO C XJ < H < H< a CO o Vi O *u xj aj v Vi C CL o C O xj r4 O a aj* , r-- i-H 60 XJ CO o V co CO 0) a> <3 43 0) o >% o f-4 Q) e* 6 wz *o Vi cO m oe CO (0 "> EC c o p4 \ XJ Om O J3 Z ou nos to I <D i-j a^ Vi a) > <s a) Vi u o ^<tf 0<90 I 43 d) -w H 0) Co H xj CO UC >4 *S < V0) 3: xaj) H -U C om m ents D 002275 13 *43 vO os u03 <8 Cx Ofl c H u 3 XJ oH Q U-i 3 C co t8 83 X X s 03 1a *"3 *, c XJ o C 3 xj O <8 u <o Oo RESULTS OF NOISE MEASUREMENTS 002276 XJ 3 < p- CO is *a > h < 3? cr t-i w \ o PN Os o co 00 os as co Os CO ^4 as Os XJ U4 H S3 CO 0) 00 f-H o -> o 3 Cb HNN M <n Os cn CM o vO tn r*. ph r. in OS CM Os cn Os OI sf VO cn in o CO pH ph 00 OS 00 CM * CM O vO SO pH CM U 03 60 NNxn M xj o o> .n CM CM <n Os cn 00 o Os m cn E a --> (9 CO O Ow vO cn o os vO Os pH cn m un Q- o Ncn Os o rIA co W --n 03 CM XJ w c e s c33 0) XJ p4 h h H pJ E n (U E E E E E E U ) g B !-l M OH a vO *-- cn C<On cn 00 ocn ITS O cn CO cn cn o m cn /-N pH Sw .J < CO 80 "O <f o co Os os 1 i i iii CM vO Mf CO' co CO ** c3 Es lA Os CM cn CM CM St co Os Os 11 OS o CO Os <D Oc u 63 uo 3 aj h o 03 H 03 Z (8 o 3H V4 V t--4 s <8 CO tn V CJ 03 as CO to 3. > >* 03 u 3 H o3 r-^ 3 O pH cu s M S a Vi t8 .3 XJ 3H U pj E o a) J5 U 03 JS Cx3 n o o < > CU 03 Vi 03 03 83 *3 03 pH X0 X *o 3G O H E >> >v to (8 pi a z v. # u 3 o XJ a. Xx oo M XJ CO M <u8 > a) M a. ao i""\ XJ 4 H u H o co fH o w XJ C /"V u 03 *co 03 *o vO 3 pj Cu V* o 03 E tu Vl 03 03 O XJ pj 3 z> U o XJ O i- CrJ s w XJ XJ O Cd 03 3 U &0 J-> td CM Vi CM C3 *"> o H o 5 & c8 o 2 H o h a 3 03 = 03 CD M h r^ V O' > !> U oo o o. i03 o zCO h 2l 2w cn 0s3x o -1 Hcn W2S cn * chn Ei JJ 0 P hoi* H comx 15 SO GO ionx Ox o RESULTS OF NOISE MEASUREMENTS 002277 GO 0 fJ V. 3 JJ X! 4O04 E-i 3c 00 X ao4 Xt >1 C0 P JJ 0 CO M 3 JJ Oao o0o -0 I W 0 O o m ON CO 0 CO 00 ON o o r*. sO ^o ^Q CO r* co o ON o CM n* o CO sO 3 CO CM 00 CM fcu U J0J cGO o ON X CM ** CM H m 0 -H <r ON m o H O r- E ffl *Ow3 nw*-* 00 mso CM sj* in m OP a U /-s 0) CM XaJ) jj w co o ^ a) g oH OH a c w vO CM CM SP w< CO CO o * o ON 0) 03 Z Vi 0 0 GO 0) < >oN a hi w o JJ cO Vi 0 a o CM y"\ ^ hi PI Oh Z P C w CO CM 0) c h *0 O <9 m o ^ co on to I 1 S O J3 00 O co 00 < -- to O f-i 2 co c o o. 0) H tx Vi a: Vi US O JJ CO CO Vi CO 0 C-/--S C O h* aj sO CO s 0 V a) *o 0) u In V0i GO Vi --ci 5s T3 AH >. 5 HA O XI b S E r- 0 H a co i > co 2 Ah <3 r* r* CM CM ON I CO 00 c o V J o o o >% Vi 0 0) GO 0 pJ Vi JJ O CO W H0 0 to CV 0 Oo GO C C0D Vf 1-M Ah G. O 0 3O 0 MO 0 M CM CO GO ca in -*cj n* ^ J oo 3 o u I JJ I GO m 3 co Jsrf ON O oo o as >> 0 H JJ Vi CO pa u CO 0 *1 GO CO 5 I o rJ > Vi 3J O O P JJ 26 0 Vi O CO 0 > O Q. Ah 0! O ' c f4 m CM -o go e _C 3 ^ --J ON O On JJ 00 Vi I JJ I GO O 3 SO JC ON O oo o <9 fQ c % u 05 >* o J3 0 pa U O GO JJ HC VOl i-clv 0o. O3o O 44 /-N in 4oJ nhi GO ^ Vi JJ I P0 O3 wZ RESULTS OF NOISE MEASUREMENTS 002278 sO 00 vO u c Ov 4) < *4 CO CO 'V X4J> QCO .2 < g-s to oo> 17 a <n o> OaNs tn 00 CO CO H JS CO a) f-t CoO P3L a u 0) oo uC Q) *n S "O n'' co d) O a w OONn vmO con cs VCOO CoN cas min 0m0 o cs scfsr av oo cn r-* m HmON vO oo cn oo Ov oo NO om o cs 00 cH u3 oU UcHa 3 S CO X f *n c u O C 3 XJ O CO ua oo < tJ XaJ) cs a) xj .-E4 co om H h O E-i a Hc B .. -OSN- sH Hc cJ cfj HC EE E E E SsOf cn ON ocs m cs ON m s}cs pH <--4 X v-- oON aov ON CO OdN- CO CQ *0 o0o0 oo 00 co OCSN vOON 00 oo cn 00 O 00 4) SEcSO CaO <av JCoSZL >* Ho & Ws 00 4) BCO n 1--4 m H 0) 4) 3 XOJ 1-o4 >h J0 CO p 4) CL CD o 3O u ca o HCQ uCO .c p X4J> CO o p>H >> CL pHH o >v jf o CO 4) P <! o p co Qo CO H s P o 3 Ho xj CL JO -P OP `n coa Q0) cn u 4) O3 '"0NL| p cn u1 Xz W XJ p m vO u a) =s Vi o CO P 0o). XoJ CO P p' u XoJ ?o P o 4C>L 0) a 3 XPJ X H43) C0 P 3 P 0a). XJ o X cu 4) cu oa >P* o z u P C5 X o 3P H HCL bJ Q Ed P u z -a z w H zM X4J) C QJ Ou PCO o HCCzL3 Q P 4) H> O P Q zM CL a. Mft- CoO o J to 16 RESULTS OF NOISE MEASUREMENTS 002279 00 c 4U3J O iwCO 3c Co cO CO s: Mc sa c 4CJ' O 9 AJ O* oa oo C hJ AJ c ) s *-< CO *t3 > < 3? cr H W Ov O Ov r-* m 00 00 m OV a XJ VM H J3 CO 000) --* o l""4 p 9 (4 w Mj* VO m r^. o m ^4 HN cn 00 co o VO m O 00 * r^ CM CM w <u 60 XJ C a) .w E^ W CO CO (0 Q)^ OX Q N vO r- Ov ^4 vO 00 in <n M Mm oM Ov cn CM N m CM vO irf 0) CM 4J w (U U .-Et das oE 05 H *f4 OH O . iTN ^4 33 ^ hJ <! c/3 ca *9 c *4 E ^4 00 1 0) E o z 0) 9 o H a E W c _Oi U cu i <r4 ou *-> o CO 0) p o u CO CO E 03 x J* O <9 U Q 0) 0) > W J < a 00 eU U4 JO J co f-4 * 6 fe u o it c *4 e CM ^4 i 0) O 9 U CQ >t U U 0) u 9 0) > U **4 v <0 M K 0) 64 9 u00 o o CO V<s 00 eo 4 M J= c CO co r4 JO 9O M b C *4 E 00 CM CM i 0) u o s o u H C9 u <c <Q 00 "H co *4 4 js u CO v 1-. 4 w O -h aj b *SS as m U -4 nJ 0) 1 o n. z oo ' O CM OV OV ii vO O GO OV <-4 S =46 U U 3Q) u a M >h CU t o Q JJ O b X X U td > CU E q u iv a le n t TWA dB A 87 002280 vO GO v> o> 00 0) CO XJ CO Q XJ U| JO CO 0) CQ *--< o -H Q 3 b X cn vo pH V- 0) 60 CO H JJ c 0} **4 r*. <n zW --E4 v co ^ cn s Q Vv a* cn CO o os a MW C<t*OJ S ttJ 1h W CwO Q) CM XJ w e 03 o 3 *u pH s z E to 4) -I <D E E Sn to H CM o O E-> H Q CM CHp3O3j CO { P-4 X o\ GO *J < CO 03 1 m *3 oo 50 C u pH 3 XJ O CO UH 3 C<0 2: ? * jj p *pCoH 3OOO XOOJ < .-4 0) E (0 z 3 O >> O H Op 5 w e o pH XJ 3. Xi *4 o >") 3 CO 0) o w 0) Q. CQ OZ JZ Q. H CO os C5 z M o J o X Z O >*4 HH Ob Pd Id -)Q Z HH 1 -a a. -( O o 2 CM >a. C O *9 pH AJ --i O T>* CO c pH E 00 r* ph m o> i *4* 00 00 3 o e 3 Ih O XJ cn to w o X x OO 6<S O O f-4 O O <6 0 J E O H ua 22 3 0 05 PU 61 (d Oh o pH oCO CD 3 50 pH 3 3 3 3 0 *3 3 s pH ja 33 C 5 XJ O pH 50 rH 33 pH 05 >v 3 pH >- pH 3 <5 *3 P3 3 3 pC C XJ pH Oh 50 O C3 pH 3 3 3 XJ 50 3 33 3 C XJ U H C u 3 U 3 3U XJ pH 3 3 a* Z XJ 33 pH 3 JS 3 XJ XJ > 3 >v 3 i-4 U 3 XJ *3 3 3 C 3 3 pH o O 3 *3 CO o P-N 73 3 o3 3 pH 3 UH pH *3 3 O o o3z oz o. e 3o pH 3 pH 3 Vh XJ 50 u 3 a U3 P pH c o 3 3 3 pH O 3 e> 3 3 PS 3 u 3 <! pH XJ Eh 3 *3 XJ pH z 33 p4 3 O CO Eh P /*N /--s pP"N pH CM CO SH w w 18 o 19 DISCUSSION The J-M Manufactuning Company, Denison plant, manufactures three different types of pipes: transite; PVC; and permatran. The permatran plant was not in operation during the days of the survey. The transite plant is operated by one 3-day, 12-hour shift. The PVC plant operates around the clock. Asbestos OSHA has promulgated a new asbestos standard (1910.1001) on June 20, 1986 to lower the permissible exposure limit to 0.2 fibers/cc as an 8-hour timeweighted average. An action level, which will trigger requirements for periodic monitoring, medical surveillance, and employee training, is set at 0.1 fibers/cc. As can be seen from the sample results presented in Table I, The UPL #2 in spector was exposed to an asbestos level in excess of the OSHA permissible exposure limit. The willow operator's exposure level exceeded the OSHA action level. Routine monitoring of asbestos exposure levels and a medical surveillance pro gram have already been implemented per the requirements of the 1972 asbestos standard. Several revisions were incorporated into the 1986 asbestos stan dards. It is recommended that the additional provisions for notification of monitoring and medical examination results, work practices, preventive cloth ing, hygiene facilities, warning signs, compliance program, respiratory protec tion, medical surveillance, record keeping, and employee training in the 1986 standard be adhered to. A comparison of the two standards is presented in Appendix II for your reference. Vinyl Chloride, Respirable Dust, Total Dust, Organic Solvents, and Carbon Monoxide As can be seen from the sample results presented in Tables II, III, IV, V, and VI, the exposure levels to vinyl chloride, respirable dust, total dust, organ ic solvents, and carbon monoxide were all within OSHA permissible exposure limits. OSHA permissible exposure limits are levels to which nearly all work ers may be repeatedly exposed without adverse effects. All the respirable dust samples listed on Table II had an insufficient dust deposit for a free silica analysis. Therefore, the OSHA silica permissible exposure limit is not applicable in this case. The exposure limit for respira ble total dust is used to evaluate the exposure levels. Though the exposure level to methylene chloride is well within the recommended exposure limit, the management at the Denison plant has expressed interest in the health effects of methylene chloride. The toxicological data on methylene chloride can be found in the Appendix III. Noise The results of noise measurements (Table VII) indicate that noise levels ex ceeded the OSHA permissible exposure limit in many areas. A comprehensive hearing conservation program has been implemented by the management. To as- D 002281 20 sure the protection for the worker's hearing, the hearing conservation program should be continued. CONCLUSION Implementation of the above mentioned recommendations should assist you in providing a more healthful working environment and reduce the potential for occupational disease. D 002282 APPENDIX I STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES A complete listing of the appropriate health standards can be found in the following Appendix. Included in this table are the following: 1. Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Subpart Z, CFR Title 29, Section 1910.1000. These standards represent the legal exposure limits as set by the Department of Labor. 2. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Values (TLV's) refer to exposure limits as set by this organization. These limits, many of which were adopted by the Department of Labor, are the work of professional personnel in governmental agencies and educational institutions engaged in occupational safety and health programs. These TLV's should be used as guides in the control of health hazards and should not be used as fine lines between safe and dangerous concentrations. 3. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has pro posed changes in certain standards based on new evidence in regard to hu man health. These proposed limits are awaiting review, but should be kept in mind as applicable standards for the near future. D 002283 STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR A IR CONTAMINANTS t it u t e for 1 2 0 0 0 500 <o 00 ia S 0) CO <44 O e --4 uv 1 <0 M CO 25 p4 0) o 3w -d f-4 o 00 3C *j 3o c O H D. M --J <0 O U 01 w --( IS X X u 3a Co 3 o *c3 xt --1 l oo 1 p4 O IS uo CO 2 )1 - i 4) E X> 3 OH o 1A E *J m m to o > co CM C 4) 4) M ii H E *^ o c EXE 3 1 m oC M u CM 1 o oco 1 i u H U CO c 41 <0 O CO O V w a O 4J -J 0) P"H U U-i s a) O "D Vl o X CM o oo oo o o m c 1 CM <f CM <w 00 o oi -s- i o in o m 03 CC CO O 4 >t <u 44 CO 4) Vi U4 4J O H CO 1-1 O' c^ f4 is E sd cs o<u '4- .X CO 4/ d CO oc c i4 -4 4/ o 1 i ii O O om 63 *44 CM O. -4 3 CO O 4) OX o p--1 V42 CM O 1 o 00 o CM oo Oo Mr CM o o m o o CO EH CD M (4 EE E S ss 4) a. P- P. o. a. 3 43 a* a p. a a -4 <44 4) 3 *3 44 l CO 50 u-J o 4J 43 o Cz3 4) 4J 4) O CO *3 Ow C 4) 42 ;s O Ss <J 4) T3 o < 4J X H 4) H >% uH co ac H C > H j: o x oCO 4) Vl CO >, > UPQ 43 44 pC 44 44 44 -4 c o CO 4> 3 44 4) 4) 4) 42 4 ECO <2 H -< W s X O> i j ii1 o m in m co CO ss s Op *^N. O. 60 60 EE 3 3 e -4 XO> X O v3. eo os 3 44 i-H CO 942 3 a Vt 4 H P* 3 03 44 3O XH 44 CO a3 H9 44 O H 3 Vi 03 3 3 *3 44 C 33 C 44 4 3 3 m pC --* 44 o e 44 3 3 42 3a 3 *3 X 44 Vi *3 a oO 3 > u Vl 3 3 a. O pC 3 u X 3 A >1 1 1-4 oU 3 <r o U-l 9 *3 3 O 3 C /-> c3 3 -4 3 44 S-P O 44 a. U-I X M 3 c 3 44 3 C o p-4 -C CO 3 40 C H 44 3 Vi .X e 44 Vi C 3 c o3 3O > 3 3 O c v< a 3 l4 *3 3 o o O3 3 42 pX 3 60 W3 e O O (4 -4 5 X p--4 3 -4 Vl 43 3 oO H 3 40 U pC 3 00 44 > OO c o c 40 3 44 3 3-i c Oo U-4 W 44 33 60 U 3 44 Ue 3 H 3 O 42 3 44 3 3 Vi 3 3 O a X 3 33 >O 3c o 4= 44 c .X 3 3 *3 u 3 44 o .p4 44 a. 3 3 3 60 a 4 4 X > 3 44 a W 3a 3 Vi 4J C 3 U c 3 O 3 C 3 4J c E 3 ^4 U j 44 3 *3 3 o o 4) 3 44 3 c 3 C J-4 J= 42 3 3 H H 44 3 3 O 1 3 3H (X 3 40 3 x ^ t-H 3 kt w < 3 44 42 23 X > a. M E CO 3 O C5 u O fX u --* C4 3 w 3 u <H 3< U oI 44 660 a. 1 Vt 4 3 u t-2 O H 4= U 42 4 3 9 00 H CO 33 O 42 3 CU *-* cm CO <3* 'S' CO 04 04 O O a APPENDIX I 1910.95 Occupational Noise Exposure a) Protection against the effect of noise exposure shall be provided when sound levels exceed those shown in Table G-16 when measured on the A scale of a standard sound level meter at slow response. TABLE G-l Permissible Noise Exposures Sound Level (dBA) Duration Hours/Day 90 8 92 6 95 4 97 3 100 2 102 1.5 105 1.0 110 0.5 115 0.25 or less b) When workers are being exposed to excessive noise levels based on Table I, feasible administrative and/or engineering controls shall be utilized. If such controls fail to reduce noise exposure to within these limits, personal protective equipment shall be provided and its use strictly enforced. c) When noise exposures exceed the action level (85 dBA equivalent) the employer shall administer a continuing effective hearing conservation program. This program should be made available to employees whose eight hour time weighted average (TWA) exposure equals or exceeds 85 (dBA) and such a program should consist of the following: 1. Perform noise monitoring to determine which employees may be exposed to noise equaling or exceeding 85 dBA eight hour TWA. 2. Provide baseline and annual audiometric testing of all exposed employees. Baseline test must be completed by March 1, 1984. 3. Make hearing protection available to employees whose noise exposures equal or exceed 85 dBA eight hour TWA. 4. Make hearing protection mandatory for: a) Employees whose 8 hour TWA exposure exceeds 90 dBA. b) Employees whose 8 hour TWA exposure equals or exceeds 85 dBA and who show a "significant threshold shift" or deteriorating hearing acuity, on their lastest audiogram. 5. Provide initial and annual training of exposed employees including the use and proper fitting of hearing protection. D 002285 CO n u CO a tcc CO o AJ CO qj X CO < co o vO co <Ts c CO LU O- CM a. < cr\ o e oco H Li CO fi. e o o (0 o u CO *3 c CO ** AJ CO CO CM o a r>. 4-1 o\ CO o *~4 QJ X CO < > <X 3 CO T o V> ** Li CO AJ 0) V u a CO bO M Q) u c o <0 X 'OJ . a) o c f-t u-i X *--4 w CO X Uj QJ -- c CzJ Cl* CO CO o Oa io a (0 c * 4 >/ *,) o CO TJ u c G to a QJ u D Uu u C H E "O UJ cu M E M QJ X u 14 o M "O *H 0) O) aA Uj CD ti-i X X tj u H M r^ H C CD U CU CM 44 qj CO X QJ 3 4 M X JJ a. O O CM cO M o co H 4J . CJ u *^>sCO u QJ X *w 44 O QJ u U LJ a u t e to o >v : tt> CO U-t ro C 3 G " *0 1 1 QJ 0) M fj 00 O CJ QJ *, VM H u X 4J 7) u c 0) o 4-) o X CO IJ to <--{ f2 *M 44 CO * QJ Of *--4 u X > n M 0) QJ > 0J u c C w Q) u to QJ *0 rM o3E T7 QJ f--i 4 J .4 0 ! QJ O Li AJ to to O a) AJ -<4 tn QJ d. X d to co i_j C c CO Li CO QJ QJ c O QJ Li OEO 3 j, 'O -- 4 QJ e f-4 V o (0 M M fj A4 IJ tH 14 to LA O CJ. *r4 3yc tJ QJ o o C- *H o to AJ sO CO z AJ c CO M 3X 3H E AJ QJ u *-4 c z \0 to 3 oi GO C *T? 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B *3 CO > J E CO 03 CO s <0ov JC L> T3 *-t <0> to XJ J*2 *2 CO J2 aj 3 CD 3 0 - CQ 0J U o 5 QJ T3 >\ 0) C c 0) xi Q) u pH 03 3 ou 3 d -H cm rH fH > co 3 03 r*f C- 3 pH o C O' E cr xl CX O a) qj a> ta C<0 X CO 4) JC to c u 3 X) <3 C 4o-4 *h0J > C" *J c 01 c o U QJ E xs o o to qj 4H CO CO c pH c *w H to Ij 0) u Wc c a >v| CO > co o o i-4 a 3 o> ex ta ia O pH QJ E o JS la CD 0o cu xj r cd e QJ ) o O CO H o ml CJ 3: Cd QJ 0C *o C H XJ c O XX CO 01z ^ ^ VO B co h a U xJ iJ CO c xj m CO w XI Q ij Cl o <0 CO fH > CM Q) Q MC K jQO t0 H a oj QJ ^ CrO t CO > E 4J. S QJ 3 0e o C a ) pH QJ J-4 B QJ J1 fH 3 X) S O I1 1 >v 0 c QJ 3 cr a; u x 1 *to s n la o >> rH c o pH<0 c c o XJ CO ua u H (V xz CL CO 1 TJ QJ CO QJ X la H < K o q u ire m e n ts f o r m o n ito rin g a re d e ta ile d in th e 0SHA S ta n d a rd M a n d a to ry A p p e n d ix r- co CM CM o O M o n ito rin g - (co n tin u e d ) cn o> hQ 3 a. CO X3 U 03 X s Q Li CO CO o AJ CO 43 JZ CO < CO o vO CO o> X3 C 03 CM nc\ rH U-| o d o (0 H U to CL s o o , o c: r-J H U-i H o CJ a Cu CO 4) c o z I *u 4) H CM H .o 0) cl CO aj o 2 xj 0) M M H O 0) CL CO AJ O 2 >s Cl 0) CO aO 3 CO J= o CU u o X M o 2: m aj CO ca 1u aj oC oo HI- a i-i eo =3 Oi H co z o CJ 1 4) CJ E 03 z CO a; E 43 E 03 3 CO CO 43 E 03 CO > E O <9 CO 1U CO H XI H CO AJ oo zO *r4 X -C CQ a) ? 4) AJ C L I u 43 1 43 43 EX XJ AJ 43 A4 43 o U H 43 AJ H c VU 0 O H H c o 40 U o O AJ AJ c 03 f--4 o AJ c o 03 i-4 U CO AJ 43 AJ AJ 43 CO * 03 CJ H x U-i 43 CL *M 03 CO c CO a o AJ h AJ E 'A4 CO H O AJ AJ *H V) > Ui >% nj aj 5s *H o p-* Ul *H 2 H 03 M *H *H EAJ H u W AJ JZ AJ CL CJ o 2 *w o cr pH U-I 43 O Li 2 CtoO o to E to 03 U-i 43 XJ AJ U CO C AJ A 3 43 2 43 43 *o b0 pH O AJ <r-\ * Zd XJ 03 c 3 Lt bo ^ CJ H CJ *H M c 2 43 p-i O CO t0 *H 5o CJ CO O SO CO U 2 < C c oc 43 "U Oi 3 CL H iH H H W c AJ AJ O XJ CO CO 2 JC bo 43 03 CO L> M O CO b0 c O 3 M >t AJ 43 s 3 - rH AJ a AJ c V AJ CL f-H AJ H O r*^ CJ 2 M 43 iH o to AJ a C A3 HU S pH CM o CL o CJ 3 AJ C CO CM 3 3- *H CO CO M h-3 rH 43 B AJ rH O * *H O CO o E CL od to b0 H u (0 CQ u x JHZ E AJ HH C0 O CO to CO o CO c 2 Li o W M to 2 43 U AJ u 43 Li *r4 O C3 bQ CO Li rH 43 2 O 43 H O O O o 03 JZ CO AJ CJ AJ M Li o <0 AJ AJ *H AJ to 43 CL CJ o LH CO U-4 0) JS.C CJ 03 Li H 1 H (0 feO AJ 43 m to -H cu tO AJ tO < 6 Li 43 M (0 rH O' 2 w c mC H AJ 43 T3 C CO /\ -X AJ AJ k Li o H u e oj 43 AJ 1-i H 43 c 2 Zxt CO Li to O o *S c UH CO os \ rH H > CO CJ -H 3 43 CL CO H to M AJ 43 X CJ C 3 AJ CO CL AJ CO * M o 43 O iH o XJ CO O c O > O C CO Li AJ AJ aj 03 *H 03 43 rH LH 5H m CO CL m 43 *M rH U- CO rH O 43 O pH JZ CL u CJ O 3 M o 2 43 CL ca rH JQ CL, CQ bO to rH M 43 M 1 03 Lt E AJ M 3 CL bo 43 X H c AJ *H 1X4 43 43 CJ M3 3 O 3 L) AJ CO CO CJ >> AJ H M C 3 H XS 43 o *3 03 AJ E CO E AJ m 43 3 IM pH Li U-i o Q CO c to >> c H 2 C 3 0 JC iH o u *H AJ Lt -H AJ *H O AJ o to 3 AJ 3 <n o iU U rH XJ c *H c U-i 43 o U-i H H Li B H JZ AJ *H AJ AJ o 3 CM o C cr O c 3 03 c Lt AJ c CO 43 CL 03 AJ AJ CO *H AJ H AJ AJ 43 AJ 3 H rH CJ H (0 M 3 43 U 3 2 CO Lt 3 M to a u J=i ZCdO CO >> CL c r3H H 03 C CO < AJ o Z a) 43 o aa w CO CO CM CM O O a C o m p a ris o n o f 1972 and 1986 OSHA A s b e s to s S ta n d a rd s *E xception - For the fo llo w in g o p e ra tio n s , e n g in e e rin g c o n tro ls to 0.5 fib e r/c c are allow ed i f 0.2 is not fe a s ib le : c o u p lin g c u to ff in p rim a ry asbestos cement p ip e m a n u fa c tu rin g , sanding in p rim a ry and secondary asbestos cement sheet m a n u fa ctu rin g , g rin d in g p rim a ry and secondary f r ic t io n product m a n u fa c tu rin g , c a rd in g and s p in n in g in d ry te x tile processes, and g rin d in g and sanding in p rim a ry p la s tic s m a n u fa c tu rin g . R e s p ira to ry p ro te c tio n must be used to supple u-nt o th e r c o n tro ls . 01 b(0O CL o o z ol-l H O=cc2 H m z o u 1 3 tc z ppX1HHJ C 01 > u <n 3 CO X0) p(0oH01 .-3 u 0c1 p0eH0 01 p3oH CO 01 XoJ *3 CO 5 X0J1 CD tc0?) H XCOJ >CDp c CQ CB X0HJ TC3 CO C0 CCQO UUS 3 B CO CQ CD pH 01 > p0H1 LJ -0O1 Uh pH (Q pXOHJ aCQ LDi- Li 01 3COL u3 TX3JJ-pT--33i CQ O L( a 0C>L O US Cl pH cCuO . 3 pCHO ppHH < o XoJ LC>O 0c1 pH Uh CO XoJ CO 01 jG CCOQ C0O1 CQ p0H1 --H CO u o pH .*Xpe<J 3 3 p03J1 > Ou CL e pXoHJ --*--CJQJ pXHJ C >01 XJ CO 3 CQ US X 01 CO XQJ C0O1 CO CQ U-i O pH CQ > O E u0) XJ 01 3 pCHD pCUHQ X0J1 CO B 11 CD U01 T3 01 p>H 3CD pOH CJ 01 UCSD pH XJ c0 to C 01 US CQ XJ z01 0u1 (0 Q> a o < C3O CO U0S) 0L1i a. o XJ paH) JS pH CO CQ U0-1| 01 Li ai 3 t oeCO Li 01 CL XJ 0C1 XJ 0a1. 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O 03 -4 -3 Xio- C > u CO CO H CJ a) 'O a CL| --H CQ -3Xi bo c c 3 03co c CO CO O 03 uCsL< to <- XJ > XJ O O CO 03 03 5 03 JCSx3 *o X 03 3 3cuZ P to CJ * AU c 0 3a O) J JJ CQ CQ -Q 3CQ j CO CQ -H rM 03 03 0) O 03 3CJ uU XJ X u 4 3co *3 03 u 0.-a 03 U03 03XJ T-t 3(0 03 03 -4 -4 JCt Oo /-- (X CQ k CQ a Uo a. ki CQ >O T-l Q XJ X *H CQ OU ai to OJ CO u C tO ) u o to H a. co CQ U4) t0 "O c bcO tO CO T30J34 Ur H T-l -kol CQ *o (0 03 3034 3 cr CQ 03 ki T3 o ki *-4 ki 03 03 s to 3 cr CQ XJ ki XJ 3 o XJ U-J 03 XJ U03 W Q CO oc. 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Cl to 03 C 03 3 CU 3 bJ E u bn o ki a. <D CJ 05 c bo to c r4 C CL u 03 E O CJ C o m p a ris o n o f 1972 and 1986 OSilA A s b e s to s S ta n d a rd s ,;F lc te s tin g re q u ire m e n ts a re d e ta ile d in 0SHA S ta n d a rd M a n d a to ry A p p e n d ix qj 5<00 04 c X o to 0) QJ CL . 0) CJ .. P -H P M M tO o 3 n to P X 50 U or > CQ 0) C H 0) -H.73 P -M *M P j-r- q> *H CJ -O CL , D2J .MO OQJ it (0 3 0CO) M O O <M Li V i-4 to c CO X U4 QJ M *w CO P CJ P 3 e P V CO i-4 H o CL 0) CO CO CM CO P 2 Px O CO c3 O M p rM CO <0 CO QJ to to to 3 z o Ho DC H CO 2 O CJ OJ E C(QO I 0) c CJ J. 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M a n d a to ry A p p e n d ix E o u t lin e s in t e r p r e t a t io n s o f C hest R o e n tg e n o g ra m s . The M e d ic a l Q u e s tio n n a ir e i s c o n ta in e d in OSHA S ta n d a rd M a n d a to ry A p p e n d ix D. cc t3o 3 CO a 5 -C 3 p 3 XJ 3 3 . o* 4J XJ co3 cl -o -C 01 0) Q xm o X (0 H tHCO o 0) "3 COO XJ P OJ 3 p p p *3 -H 3 CO rH *H E c3 to C (0 XJ CO CO e O3J e Li o tM CHO XJ (0 co H XJ o3r I 3 3 *P3 3 3 z c*-l EO=> BS Li O XH Li 3CL 3 ja U o rH rHi UM O 3 U 1 E3 -a 3 3O <-4 3 >3 3 3>% -a 3 3 S C tH JXSJ 'LOl 3 tH 33 XJ O z 1 Li oP MOm Cl r>Ht ja3 3B 33 Li Xo3 'M U 3 H XJ O c C3 XJ CO 3 O XJ 3 3 .3 3 tw" zc o 1 3 w z MHM CL pH X -a 3 CO 3Ll 3 *H 3 XJ tH 3 U 3 >> cr 3 pOH O 03 CL ^ U3 oB u o Q CO E3 X3 Li 3 3 1^H >> 3 XL jj o roO 3 TJ *H tco tM to c > O .X Li PO CL & H 3 O >--1 3 *H 3 3 m L3i 3 3O CL X3 Mm iH 33 Li -3H D" >3 Li CL *3 -3aH > tH *--1 C H JC XJ H 5 XJ C3 Cto vM 3 3 3 3 X 3 C o TM XJ 3 3 H mm iH 3 3 C3L <1 c 3Z CO O vO CaO> rH *3 c 3 c U O XJ 3 3 \0 CO ai o pH pH pH pH XJ C 3 3O 3 pH pH 3 X 3 3 3C c XJ a 3 CL *H P O 3 "3O o 3P 3 pH *icM 3 O CL O CL X 3 33 pH 3 a 3 *k XJ 3 U to J32 oLi CL XJ 3 f-4 3 3O CM r^. 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X a a 3 3 3 3 *o > a. jC pH o O Oa >% 3 Li u CL "O T3 O 3 to 3 o u 3 XJ U S JS o oCL XJ c c O O XJ cn to tM CL ** CL 3 Mm 3 p pH XJ 3U 3 mm 3 3H Li O -O>O U o XJ 3 s: H 3 H XZ 3 XJ XH 3 pH o a 3 3 XJ X pH 3 3 XJ a O33 Lt 3 Cl 3 * 3 5 3 XJ T3 Mm < 3 I 3 XCOJ H*CO4 Li MOM 0c) X3J TJ E OJ 3 L0)i o CH C3O 0) X3J OCOJ e u0) 3 .3 3 tHO WDCL. tCH 3 E X3I CO o 3 XJ WXCL *0 C 3 3 3 E P3 o o 3P pH 3 tMU -3 3 6 k L3x 3 3>> CO rH1 tH 3 >3 3 .3 3 rH P rH 3 tH 3 >* NO 3 3 LOi P3 CoM C3L XCoHJ C3M E 3 X3 Li UOM 3H ja 3 3 T3 3C3 333 >s > *OH 3* XHJ CL C e3 *3aH -a -H X3J 333 3 XJ 3 >> 3Li 33 Um -CCL L3cil UM Ll 3< 3 ja *j 53 o II 3 3 CO 1 to * 3 *rH r-f 3 C o3 3 3 *H 3 XJ P U 3 tM XJ 3 3 tH Li XJ 3 Li 3 3 E 3 3 *3 >% 3 E XJ 3C - H CJ P O g o 3 cn - to P 3 O < H XJ 55 3o tM3 -3 E 3 U3 X3 3 3to U pH 33 CO P 3 Ow 3 P c 3 XJ 3 3 00 3 EpH MH tH >> P Mm 3 *3 3 3 W 4J 3 XJ 3 3 O XJ OpH P X) 3 P 3 p cn mm 3 pH 3 pH 3 3 rH 3 O3 3 H CL Li 300P *H 3 33 CL XJ Mm 3 XpH 3 * w 3 O> >* 3 I-M 3 *3 3 >V tM u 3 -M 3 CL 3 pH 3 n. lx pH J9 E 3 pH pH E 3 XJ 3> OP 3 ja 3 *3 P 3 pH tH 3 3X 3 *3 XJ >> MM oO O H 0) a.<--i pH P 3 CL O 60 U-I S. H 3 'w' *H O Li Q pH 3 3 XJ O 3 3 XJ 3 3 6 *3 CL Um O *3 O. T3 MM 3 O O O<D P 3 XJ P P Mm 3 3 *H 3 3 P CO u P* H 3 cr 0) Li aI -il oe so c <uo H I '1 GO o Cu a) u z H a. o oC UH H - a) H CO H r-1 xj u U CO c 03 4J > 3 U 0) OS Lt O CO e H XJ (0 **H a) c V) a. CO > >* GO 2 0) CO 0) H O u 0) Li pH CO O X a cl CO a) 3 5 I > GO CO 13 C L< 3 0) -c bO TJ crH X O C 13 XJ c C pH e CJ 0) *H H pH *H CO CQ tX4 H JC U CO > CO 4* Oo CO 0) XJ CL O 0) O cn H Li Ll XJ u J= rH o 3 XJ CO GO a) CO Cl CO O a> <D c *3 CO 0) Li -rH o H Di -C T? XJ pH 43 3 0) C * OJ H 0J 3 a) CO pH 4) o CO Li CO XJ a> 3 XJ XJ a 3 CJ Li z> 3 CO o s CO CO c XJ O CO Q XJ 0) X 3 H 4) GO XJ s2 l-l H aj a) bo T3 B 43 G CO *t3 XJ c o H Li C CO o Li H c0 GO *H a# Li tH CO e pH O c S3 4) Cl s s E-H a *iH p -H O .C 4J CO XJ CO XJ C 43 CO C 0) p Cxi XJ CO CO Li C H 03 c H Li CO 2 CO H 0) to o GO Li stxl 3 pH m u 13 G k GO EO pH pH c H C XJ 4) CD O >CO 4) GO CO CO 0) Li 1U pH *H pH CD a CL 0) U 0) CO vD <D- O H 2 >\ o pH > CO u 00 Li XJ X> GO W o <4H 0) CO 03 O C 2 rH O pH XJ O * O CO H 13 a. B XJ U-i CH CO S3 Li Li Li E <0 3 u CO XJ 03 CL O CO 4J M *u O o. 4) O O CO XJ 13 GO 0) H 3 Li pH 4) 4*i H e a> O CD XJ V UJ a Li C C0 ox Lj O CJ o 4= H e O XJ a.H CL CO XJ XJ -D 4) C0 3 E 03 I t>C CH c rt u H Q C o m p a ris o n o f 1972 and 1986 OSHA A s b e s to s S ta n d a rd s ATTACHMENT I c o H 44 3 3 4-1 o p 0 >> p o 44 uto H CL CO 0) OS 1 *u4 co 1 -o a) *3 r4*4 0C)L a a. * . c. H CO . p3 44 H as 44 4p04) > O 3CO > CCO u o CO p 40-1) H *H 3 3cr ai o *33 CO o E 6O 3 lCjQ *3 C *C3 pCO <0 CO CL 6 E CL o 3 *a3> co to H 44 c 0) 44 >> 3H 3 c a) p P0) *cH 3CO CO C3O J*3J CO CO 3 44 0) 3 33 c 44 3 0) 3 p 0 L* a. CL -O h H o 44 H to 44 c C "3 H <H 3 <4-f H 3 C <4-4 J= *3 O *H <D JZ J= to a; 3 3 44 44 44 j= u -H co co C &0 *H js 3 u Li O H 3 a) 3 O J= JS o ex CL 1 P 4-J S o O 44 c o i"4 44 u H CO p U3 o o O3 &u P pH 44 44 u u*H O 44 CO 3 3 P CL 44 P O CO CO CO H rt 3 14 0) U 3 CL CL CO CO p H O CO 3 3 P a* 3 0) 3 3 H to CO c P Li P a. c 0) <r4 CL CO H P 44 3 Js c p 44 *H tco oo to P *t4 c a Ph C *H a. 44 H ?s I <4-1 p H u -o PP t4 H 3 CO 3 > 31 H a i4 3 3 *H H H 3 H rH O CL CL CL H H 3 <3 CL CL ^ M CO CL 44 3 3 >> 3 1 CO CO 3 P a 0) P (4 3 i p a H 3 3 3 <0 O* 3 3a p*HH H CO H O a. 3 H 3 H X 0) CO o cO CO B 44 0) P po 0) 44 CQ o0 CL a 3 33 u co a 3C 44 44 3 44 rH rH CO 3 a: 04 CL H CL >\ CO C Q) 4H4 Li 3CL P 4O4 *H P3 3 *H CL o 3 3L 3P 3 0P O -H CL 3 * Li O3 H U Li pH o O CL 4J D CL 33 3 M Li 3 H -H CL CL *3 33 C 333 UP S 3 to to -a Cc H H 3 Sh P 44 44 *H *H Li P 33 CL CL 3 3 3 3 P CL Li P H H P 33 O 3 *3 3 33 O 3 Li rH 3 44 3 3 O 3 to CL 3 cO H 3 3 3a 3 3 H (4 *H 44 O CL e 3 3 a o o rH JO 3 44 a 3 3 rH 3 3 pH 3 Pi 03* CL >> H 3 /-V a U o o **%, o3 3P 3P P3 3 -Q 3 J3 H H 44 H 44 44 o O CH CH rH \/ a V V w p S4 v/ 3 rJ a >J HI 03 c U tz3 0 3 0i 0 44 X WXX o Oo o 3 pH m pH 2: V V V O3 o CJ 33 PP 33 -O J3 *H H 44 44 OO Oo CNJ CN \/ /S V--<r S4 i-3 h3 Ci3 0} C 0 05 O X Xs o Oc o o3 oo *H ?H P /\ O y~\ uo 33 O\ a 3 co Pp tfi 3 3 p J3 XI 3 H H Jt 44 44 *H 44 o O oO O CM CM CM V /\ o V v N-/ p 3 rJ hJ 3 03 03 C 03 0 0 30 4J X X CO X oo 3 o o o rH iH rH o V V /\ 002295 a c-* 2 W Z G < H < 3 CO u a CQ u TJ <0 c co c XI 03 CO xl CO c o CO tH o xj XJ u (0 3 <13 M ja XJ CO CO <c o o sc CO >N o JO o T3 CO 03 cr\ M rH a > T3 o 3a (0 CO CM 03 r- a o> CO H 0) o U4 o ou CU c co co co tH u o H co XJ cu CO oE a a 3U a o * XI c 0) CO a> u a. CO tH 03 XJ H Oc T-* 'XJ u co M o * 03 xj tH H r-1 jC CU o J= XJ c CO A 03 XI *H rH O 5 03 U XJ A CO o xj CO 03 J3 CO co 03 U 03 JC 2 CO 03 M 3 XI O a u XI CO (XI O 0) bo CO > i-H CO CO M O c o tH XI H rH O E 03 a 0) XI O e H XI U CO u o A 03 XI H A-f "H >> X a o JC XI C CQ A 03 XI H i-H O S 03 M XI A CO a XI co 03 Q co CQ tco H c tH CO XI C o o CO rH CQ *H U 03 XI CO E CM O C o H XI CQ i-H 3 CO a. CQ C3 c 03 u Q i-H cQ > O S O0S3 CM XI <0 JC XI A CM O 01 _r M 03 JC XI 03 3 O tH XI U o a. M o A CO 03 XI CQ M XI 03 .a 3 CO A CO 03 U 3 XI O 3 M X) CO M O c o tH xi 03 CQ X) > *H O rH 3o 0) c M tH XI ua o co -u 03 O O 3a CQ 03 C X) 03 tH XI f-H 3 --1 H >, CQ JC E 0* * O JC U XI C CQ CQ O. 03 a U 03 XI *H e rM oo *H E xi Q) CQ U U XI 03 XI A f-H 0) cQ O A X(fIl 3 03 O JO tH CO UXJ CQ 3C M tH XI CQ CQ XI ec aO Oo * C") 03 XI tH rH O C tH XI O 3 M O A 03 XI tH r-H r-H >> JC a. o jc XI 3 CQ * A 03 XI tH -H O E 03 U XI A CO o XI co J0O3 CD CO H3 3 cQ A a. 3 3 CQ 03 rH O a c 03 b0 M 03 s . 03 \ r-H rH -tH o. CO- 03 XI **H r-H O C rH XI O CQ H3 C CQ bco tH c tH CQ XI oC CJ CO . XI CJ 3 o O M cu mh o c o H XI CQ rH -H * CQ XI CO 3 M A U03 tH *-H rH >f JOX JO= XJ C CQ A 03 XI *H f-H O s 03 M XI A oCO XI CO 03 .3 CD < *<0* m cn * w> = *M ^3 xi CV U CQ a. c Uo O *H XI 03 U ^3 -1 Xt --< aJ O VJ c3 ^4 O XJ V V CQ JZ a U M o JZ 3 A 03 XI xJ (Q tH rH C rH O > -H ja XI CQ oo JC o Li I-H c CO M O A 03 03 XI XI *iH tH *-H C0 O E 03 J0Z3 U XJ Xi C AO CO O 03 XI XJ CO tH 03 rH J3 O CO C CQ *H XI Oj O O CQ XJ M Co 03 EA C 03 iH xi CQ *H XI rH C rH o >> CJ X o. uo o jr XJ *C 0) CQ b0 CQ A U <u O xj XI tH W rH O -E f-H 0) CQ U CO XI Oa. a co co u *H O 03 T3 XJ E A CQO) M O C JQ <M O CO M rH CQ 03 XI cq bo LI C 03 U fH U o c CQ CU -H CO <Q CO C XI 03 3 C *H M O XI H CJ H vO 1C uo 03 -H rH xl 03 CQ bo c tH ' rH rH CQ > o c 0) U M Xi o CO C 03 H O c a CQ xi C C 01 03 XI EC 03 -H O CQ CQ B fH CU b0 03 C U tH o 03 rH > -H f-H 3 CQ J3 > rH a qj uu -H 03 CQ C CU Q3 03 b0 U u 03 CU J0Z3, tH XI CU o 0) 'O c 3 CQ rH OA c H bco tH CO CM co oo H M XI CQ a >-l rH 03 fH CU CQ O S, cu O T3 -H u bo (0 C l-l -H 3> o O e XJ q) U )-i -OC n OT O " bo <0 c rH tH CO rH O rH CO CQ 1 XI fH co rH C co -H e CO A CO M XJ O -H <M 3 *u CO C co oa tH XJ rH CU CQ 03 a O tH XM b3 xi 0 u H O 2 002296 APPENDIX III D 002297 21:8766 nEi nnojcE riLEE -- an open-transfer of the liquid: -- leakage from process equipment; -- maintenance or repair-work done on process equip ment or transfer systems containing methylene chloride; -- a failure of temperature controls and/or of exhaust ventilation systems or when these controls arc inad equate, ineffective or improperly applied. IV. Health Ejects. A. Routes of Exposure. Methylene chloride can affect the body if it is inhaled or if it comes in contact with the eyes or skin. It can also affect the body if it is swallowed (45). B. Metabolic Palhways/Pharnincokinetics. Analysis of the capability of various tissues to metabo lize methylene chloride indicates the liver as the primary site, with some metabolic action in the lung and kidney. Data from both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that methylene chloride is metabolized via two pathways. The P-450 mixed function oxidase pathway is located in the microsomal fraction of the cell and yields carbon monoxide as an end product. The glutathione-dependent enzyme pathway found in the cytosolic fraction of the cell yields carbon dioxide as an end product with formal dehyde and formic acid as metabolic intermediates. Both pathways generate mctabolically active intermediates; formyl chloride, formaldehyde or S-chloromctiiyl glu tathione, which arc theoretically capable of irreversibly binding to cellular macromolcculcs such as DNA (II). In vivo data suggest that during exposure to low concentrations of methylene chloride the two pathways appear to be utilized equally. At high concentrations experimental animals exhale more carbon dioxide than carbon monoxide. This suggests the cytosolic pathway producing carbon dioxide may metabolize significantly more methylene chloride than the microsomal pathway yielding carbon monoxide (9). At present there arc no data to prove that humans utilize the cytosolic pathway. Some investigators have speculated that this pathway is functional in humans based on uptake data (9). Human utilization of the microsomal pathway has been confirmed by monitoring the carboxyitcmoglobin (carbon monoxide attached to the usual oxygen site on the hemoglobin molecule) level following exposure (54). The carbon monoxide generated as an end product of methylene chloride metabolism impairs the ability of the blood to transport oxygen to the tissues. Hemoglobin has a strbng affinity for carbon monoxide, approximately 210 times greater than for oxygen. This results in carbon monoxide being readily attached to hemoglobin and slowly dissociated. Once the carboxyhcmoglobin is formed the hemoglobin is unavailable to transport oxy gen and the release of oxygen from oxygenated hemoglo bin is alfcctcd. , Toxicology Data. 1. Animal Studies: Experiments have been conducted to determine the carcinogenicity or methylene chloride. Some of these studies and the investigator's conclusions are summa rized below. The 19X4 publication by Itmek, et al. ( D lepoits the findings of a Dow Chemical Company 19X0 stud) of chronic inhalation in rats and hamsters. Inhalation expo sures of 0, 500. 1500. or .1500 parts oT methylene chloride per million parts of air (ppm) lor ft Imuis per day, 5 days a week for 2 years were used. Ilurek's results showed an increase in bening imnots in lemale rats at all doses and in male rats at the highest doses. Itmek also reported a significant increase in salivary gland saico mas at tile high dose only in rats. Hamsters showed no tumors, even al the highest dose levels. In 1982 Dow Chemical Company performed a second inhalation study to explore the toxicity of methylene cldoridc at concentrations below those that cause satuiation of tiic metabolic processes (0, 50, 200. and 500 ppm). No compound-related increased incidence of any oilier tumor type was observed by Dow researchers. The NTP (19) inhalation bioassay of methylene chlo ride was conducted on F.144/N rats and BftOFl mice. Both sexes were exposed at cnncenlialions of 0. 1000. 2000 and 4000 ppm for rats and 0. 2.000, and 1000 ppm for mice, 0 hours/day, 5 davs/week. for i02 weeks. In both male and lemale rats there was an increased inci dence of benign mammary gland neoplasms, primarily fibroadenomas. According to tlie N I P study there was a significant increase in hepatocellular neoplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas (combined) by the tieml lest only in the female rats. NTP also noted a significant increase in mesotheliomas in male rats, in addition tlieic was a statistically significant inciease of mononuclear cell leukemias in female rats by age adjustment. A marginally significant increase was noted in adienal plicochromocylomas and interstitial cell Illinois in male rats and pituitary gland adenomas ami carcinomas com bined in male and female rats by the tieml test only. In the NTP mouse study, there was a highly signifi cant increase in alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma and/or carcinoma in both sexes. The incidence of hepatocellular adenoma ami hepatocellular caicinoma combined was increased in tiic high-dose groups lor both sexes ami in the lower dose female gioup. NTP icpoiled a doserelated increase in the number of mice hearing multiple lung and liver tumors. While the control mice had no more than one lung tumor per mouse. 40 percent of all (lose animals had multiple lung, lunuus. Likewise. 2 percent of the contiols weir iouml to have multiple hepatocellular tumors and .10 peuent of the exposed animals exhibited multiple liver tumors. Occupational Safety & Health Roportor D 00229s 21 OSHA STANDARD DIRECTIVES The NTP concluded that "there was some evidence of carcinogenicity of methylene chloride for male E344/N rats as shown by increased incidence of benign nco. plasms of the mammary gland. There was clear evidence of carcinogenicity -of dichloromcthanc for female F344/N rats as shown by increased incidence of benign neoplasms of the mammary gland. There was clear evidence of carcinogenicity of methylene chloride for male and female B6C3F1 mice, as shown by increased - incidences of alvcolar/bronchiolar neoplasms and of he patocellular neoplasms." 2. Epidemiological Studies: Fricdlandcr, et ai. (13) and the follow-up study by Hcarnc and Fricdlandcr (17) performed mortality analy ses of male Eastman-Kodak employees exposed to low levels of methylene chloride for up to 30 years. Propor tionate and cohort mortality studies were used to assess whether adverse health effects could be shown to occur as a result of exposure to methylene chloride. The proportionate mortality study was used to exam ine 334 deaths of methylene chloride exposed workers during 1956 to 1976. The control group consisted of Eastman Kodak workers who had not been exposed to methylene chloride. Eastman Kodak reported 71 neo plasms found while 73 were expected based on other Eastman Kodak employee mortality ratios. No single neoplasm site was over-represented. In the Hcarnc cohort mortality study (17), 751 methy lene chloride exposed workers were compared to two control groups: Eastman Kodak employees not exposed to methylene chloride and New York Stale males. The exposed group had a slightly elevated but not statistical ly significant rate of death from circulatory and respira tory diseases, a slightly higher but not statistically sig nificant incidence of brain or nervous tissue cancers, and a significant excess of hypertensive heart disease com pared to other Eastman Kodak employees. Another facet of the cohort mortality study centered on 252 males with 20 year or more of exposure. Fricd landcr reported that this group did not demonstrate a statistically significant increase in neoplasms or in circu latory diseases when compared to the control groups. The study by Ott, et al. (47) reported the results of a health evaluation of employees of a liber production plant where a solvent mixture of methylene chloride, acetone and methanol was used. The control population was chosen from a plant where only acetone was used. The investigation focused primarily on health effects occurring to the cardiovascular system associated with the increased carboxyhcmoglobin levels resulting from metabolized methylene chloride. The Ott. et al. study reported no statistically significant dilleienccs between observed and expected deaths. ?.l 0767 El'A has criliei/.ed both of these studies stating that although neither showed excessive risk, both showed sufficient deficiencies to prevent them from being judged negative studies. EPA noted that the I'riediatuler, et al. study (13) lacked the statistical power to enable it to detect a potential carcinogenic died and the Oil. et al. (47) study, among other deficiencies, lucked a sufficient latency period for site-specific cancer. I). Adverse Human Health Kliects. Methylene chloride has a narcotic action and acts as a central nervous system depressant. 1 he symptoms of exposure may be dizziness, nausea, tingling, numbness of the extremities, sense of fullness in the head, sense of heat, stupor, dullness, lethargy, and headache. Inhaling methylene chloride may cause a sensation of dtunkenucss with mental confusion and light-hcadcdncss. Expo sure to very high concentrations may lead to staggering, rapid unconsciousness and death. Skin contact with methylene chloride may cause initation, dryness of the skin or dermatitis. I he ptohlcm may be accentuated if the chemical is confined to ific skin by contaminated gloves, shoes or tight lilting cloth ing. Vapor concentrations of methylene chloride above 2.0U0 ppm may cause irritation of the eye and respira tory tract (4). Sittce exposure to methylene chloride inn raxes the carboxyhcmoglobin level in the blood, ambient carbon monoxide levels would have art additive ell eel on that carboxyhcmoglobin level. Under normal conditions blood contains about 0.5 percent caiboxyhcmoplnhiti while a onc-pack-a-day smoker will have a earboxyhe moglobin level of approximately 5.9 percent (14). At high exposure levels (5(H) PPM and above), the cmhoxvhcmoglohin level would he expected to re.aeh a maxi mum between I 2 and I 5 percent. "I his level is below that considered hazardous lor any normally healthy individ uals but could place additional stress on compiomised individuals, c.g. persons with cardiovascular diseases (H). OSliA lias initiated a program to evaluate all of the existing research in order to decide the validity of each. At the conclusion of this thorough investigation a more meaningful extrapolation of the data from experimental animal studies to human occupational exposure will be performed. K. Classification. El'A classified methylene chloride as a Probable Hu man Carcinogen ((iroup 112). T he El'A Probable Hu man Carcinogen classification ((iroup U) is used when there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals and evidence of eaiciiiogriiirily fiom epidemiological studies llutl ranges Imm "almost sitlliciciil to iiiad- 9-3-86 D 002299 Published by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AfFAIRS. INC.. Washington. U.C. 20113/ 25 21:8768 equate." To reflect this range, the category is divided into higher (Group BI) and lower (Group B2) degrees of evidence. The Bl category is reserved for those agents for which there is at least limited evidence carcinogen icity to humans from epidemiological studies. In the absence of adequate data in humans, it is reasonable to regard agents for which there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals as probable carcinogens in humans. Agents for which there is sufficient evidence from animal studies but insufficient evidence from hu man studies arc classified as B2 (12). ... V. Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). The current OSHA standard for methylene chloride is 500 parts of methylene chloride per million parts of air (ppm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift, with an acceptable ceiling level of 1000 ppm and a maximum peak concentration of 2000 ppm for five minutes in any two-hour period. The National Institute for Occupation al Safety-and Health (NIOSH) has recommended that the permissible exposure limit be reduced to 75 ppm averaged over a work shift of up to 10 hours per day, 40 hours per week, with a ceiling level of 500 ppm averaged over a 15-minute period (21). NIOSH further recom mends that permissible levels of methylene chloride be reduced where carbon monoxide is present. The NIOSH Criteria Document for Methylene Chloride should be consulted for more detailed information (21). in 1986, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) published a Notice of Intended Changes for 1986--87 to lower the Threshold Limit Value-Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA) for an 8-hour workday from 100 ppm to 50 ppm and deleted the Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) of 500 ppm. ACGIH further classified methylene chloride in this notice as A2 (Industrial substance suspect of carcinogen ic potential for man. Chemical substances or substances associated with industrial processes, which arc suspect of inducing cancer, based on either (l) limited epidemiolo gic evidence, exclusive of clinical reports of single cases, or (2) demonstration of carcinogenesis in one or more animal species by appropriate methods) (2). VI. Monitoring. Personal and area monitoring should be conducted periodically to determine the levels of employee expo sure. Personal samples measured over an entire workshift should be collected at the workers' breathing zones to determine their lime-weighted average (TWA) expo sures. Air samples of methylene chloride can be collect ed by charcoal tubes, the analyte desorbed with carbon disulfide and analyzed by gas chromatograph equipped with a (lame ionization detector (22,23). Because methylene chloride is a solvent with a high vapor pressure, there is a high probability of its migra HEfBUINCE TILE tion once adsorbed on charcoal, l or this reason, and since the amount of sample which can be collected is limited by the quantity each tube will hold before over loading, OSHA recommends that sampling be done with two charcoal lubes in scries, each continuing 100 mg front and 50 mg, backup sections of charcoal at a maximum How rate of 50 ml/utin ami not lo exceed a sample volume of two liters of air (46). VII. General Methods of Control. Commonly used methods for controlling occupational exposure to methylene chloride include product substitu tion, engineering controls, work practice controls, and the use of personal protective clothing and equipment. Appropriate worker education and (mining programs .tie also major factors in the control of exposures lo methy lene chloride. A. Substitution. The best method for controlling exposure lo any ex tremely toxic material is to use a less toxic material wherever possible. Methylene chloride has been de scribed by industry as a very strong and effective solvent for a variety of industrial compounds, combining several important technical qualities in one solvent (c.g., it is a flammability suppressant, a vapor pressure depressant, a viscosity thinner, can be readily atomized, has a high evaporation rate and readily dissolves a wide variety of substances) (10, 15). Industry has suggested the use of ethyl alcohol as a substitute solvent for use in hair sprays, room ftcshcocrs, degreasers and other household aetosol Immulatiuus. Possible alternative solvents for household aerosol spray paint formulations arc acetone, methyl ethyl ketone or toluene. Care must be exercised in selection of these substitute solvents since they are highly llammable. I or cold cleaning or vapor dcgicasiug. 1,1,2- liichlom1,2,2,-trilluoroethane ((fluorocarbon 113) or other less toxic halogcnatcd hydrocarbons may be used (10.15). Trichlorofluoromcthauc (Fluorocarbon II) lias been used as an alternative solvent to methylene chloride lor use as a blowing agent in the manufacture of urethane foam products (5). For many other important industrial processes, there may not be any viable alternatives to methylene chloride at this time. B. Equipment or Process Design. Open equipment which dischaigcs methylene chloride to the ambient air should be avoided unless mechanical ventilation or solvent recovery units arc available. Occu pational exposure lo methylene chloride can be mini mized by the cllcclive installation, use and pioper main tenance or such items as full or paitial process enclosures, including the use of battles and covets. I or Occupational Safety & Health Reporter 0 002300 26