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PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT
DOW-194
THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY
MIDLAND, Michigan June 24, 1969
ST0000315
Warren, FSU #6, 189 Building o .
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Wood, FSU #11, 49 Building Ahlich, FSU #2, 759 Building '
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Vender Kllpp, Distribution Department, 572 Building
<T. Madden, FSU #10, 222 Building .
Bradley, Plastic Prod. Maintenance, 433A Building
3. B. Holder, M.D., Medical Department, 607 Building
K. L. Gordon, M.D., Corp. Medical Department, 2030 ARC
D. B. Morse, Safety Department, 401 Building
S. M. MacCutcheon, Safety and Loss Prevention, 2030 ARC
R. J. House, Division Accounting, 256 Building
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REPORT BC T2.1-1-64: "A SURVEY AND EVALUATION OF PIPE
COVERERS1 EXPOSURES TO DUSTS FROM ASBESTOS CONTAINING .
INSULATION MATERIALS ENCOUNTERED DURING ROUTINE PIPE . .
COVERING OPERATIONS WITHIN THE MIDLAND LOCATION OF THE
DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY"
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Please note the following corrections In the above report
dated March 21, 1969, by R. A. DeGesero.
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Page 6: Line 5, change 4.5 mppcf to 4.2 mppcf.
Page 7: Line 10, erase 0.037 under the last column entitled
Time-weight Factor: Asbestos.
Page 8: Line 7, erase 0.176 under the last column entitled
Time-weight Factor: Asbestos.
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Line 14, erase 0.162 under the last column entitled Time-weight Factor: Asbestos.
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Line 22, change the last entry in the last column entitled Time-weight Factor: Asbestos, from 4.5 to 4.2 mppcf.
The above alterations in no way affect the conclusions or recommendations of chis report.
R. A. DeGesero Biochemical Research Laboratory 1701 Building 6-4759
RAD:sJl
DOW OOlll
Biochemical Research Laboratory The Dow Chemical Company
A SURVEY AND EVALUATION OP PIPE
COVERERS'EXPOSURES TO DUSTS PROM ASBESTOS CONTAINING INSULATION MATERIALS ENCOUNTERED DURING ROUTINE PIPE COVERING OPERATIONS WITHIN THE MIDIAND LOCATION OF
THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY
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Pile: T2.1-1-64 . Date: March' 21, 1969
By: R. A. DeGesero
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Supervision requested that the Environmental Research
Laboratory survey and evaluate crrent levels of pipe coverer's
exposures to dusts from asbestos-containing insulation materials
commonly used within the Midland location.
CONCLUSIONS 1. The present Threshold Limit Value (TLV) for asbestos of
5 mppcf will remain in force until 1971* Barring Information to the contrary* the TLV will then be lowered to 2 mppcf (million particles per cubic foot).
2. Men are encountering time-weighted exposures to dusts from
insulation materials containing asbestos approaching but not
exceeding the present TLV of 5 mppcf.
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3* Men are encountering time-weighted exposures to dusts from
insulation materials containing asbestos'exceeding the proposed
TLV of 2 mppcf.
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4. if exposures are to be reduced to wlthip tentatively accepted
levels (2 mppcf) either the use of asbestos-containing
insulation materials must cease, or pipe coverers must be
protected through effective use of approved respiratory
devices and/or local ventilatio. n.
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. RECOMMENDATIONS' '
1. Pipe coverers should be educated to the true hazards
associated with the several types pf.insulating materials
they presently use.
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2. Pipe coverers should be made aware of the several ways of
protecting themselves during unavoidable, potential exposures
to dusts containing substances known to be highly toxic,
such as asbestos.
3. In the future, pipe coverers should be educated to the true hazards associated with any new types of insulation materials to be used, prior to use.
ST00003 I 7
DOW 00113
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PRESENTATION OF DATA
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Indoor pipe covering operations were surveyed from
12/24/68 to 1/22/69*' Outdoor pipe covering operations were surveyed
from 2/20/69 to 3/5/69* Air samples to account for "miscellaneous"
portions of the pipe covering functions were obtained 'from 3/1/69
to 3/5/69*
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Sampling and Analysis
A total of 141 .breathing zone samples were collected
In midget lmpingers and analyz.; /mployln^
mploylng standard light field
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microscopy techniques for determining dust concentrations from
Insulating materials containing asbestos. Concentrations found in
samples were expressed in terms of millions of particles per cubic
foot of air (mppcf), according to the following formula.*
mopcf
(mean particles/quarter field) x 4 x 1000 x sample volume
..\*rJ-- (pump flow) x minutes x 3*51 x 10"2 --^------
min.
liter
ST0000318
*Patty, F. A., INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND TOXICOLOGY, Vol* I* Second Revised Edition, p. 198.
DOW 00114
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The means and ranges of concentrations found during sampling are
listed In Table 1.
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Job Analysis and Description
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An environmental Job analysis provides an estimate of
the frequency and duration of men's exposures to dust concentrations
surveyed. The Job analysis expresses as per cent of the day
( day) the probable time distribution of pipe covering operations,
averaged over several months.' On any given day the pipe coverer'a
routines can be expected to var^. :om the estimate.
The Job analysis reconciled Input from discussions with
pipe coverers and supervision, observations during sampling,
estimates provided by an Industrial engineering time study, and a
questionnaire filled out by the pipe coverers. A sample questionnaire
is found on page 1 of the Appendix.
The questionnaire requested that men estimate the
per cent of time per day they spent working with the most, common
Insulating materials. Men's averages were converted into ratios
of time spent {% day) per operation and material, and are listed
In Table 1.
Thirty-two per cent (26 men) of the Midland coverers
responded. Responses concerning rarely used materials (e.g., cork,
styrofoam, some putty adhesives, etc.) were set aside. Other
Information furnished by the coverers Included:
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Average age: Years covering within Dow: Years covering outside Dow:
Wear respirator?
Which materlal(s) are the.dustiest?
40 year* 18 0 Yes: 17 men No: 9 men
Kaylo: Plberglas: High temp.:
Superpower: Mag oxide: Aircell:
16 men 14 men 11 men 6 men 2 men 2 men
Time-Weighting Exposures . Men's exposures to dusts from asbestos-containing
insulation materials were t:"- :ud by "time-weighting." The exposure frequency and duration (* day) to each material is multiplied by the mean concentration in air of each material, giving a set of "time-weighted factors." The "factors" (product of * day x mean concentration) are then added up for the eight hour day:
100*
Time-Weighted Exposure - X* Xm0
* day x concentration
or/
100*
E1-0
(time-weight factors)
ST0000320
DOW OOl
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Table 1 lists the % day, mean concentrations found, time-weighted
factors and ranges for each material encountered in the listed
operations. The time-weighted exposures to dusts from asbestos
containing materials were 4.9 mppcf (Indoor operations) and .
4.5 mppcf (outdoor operations).
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Table 1. TIKE-WEIGHTED EXPOSURES OP PIPE COVERERS TO DUSTS PROM ASBESTOS CONTAINING MATERIALS
Operations Materials
,
Day
Concentrations
(mppcf) .
Mean
Range
Time-weight Pactor: Asbestos
Remove Mix Cut Apply
- Air cell Kaylo Mag oxide Plberglas
No. 1 Plus Armentite Superpower
Air cell Kaylo Plberglas Others
Air cell Kaylo Plberglas Others No. 1 Plus Armentite/
Superpower
1.2 1.6 0.2 2.0
1.6 0.1
.8
5-* 8.6 2.2 0.6
15-8 19-9
4.5 2.6 -4.8
2.4
11.4 11.2
2.8
13-7
0.3-24.9 3.7-20.5 1.6-4.6
1.2-33-7
13.* 2.2-30.5 9.6 2.7-13-5
34.9 M9.6-6.14
3.0
U.7 1.7 --
0.6-6.2
4.9-23.I 0.8-2.6
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5.7 0.2-16.4 5.7 0.4-22.3 2.4 I.2-3.8
9.6 1.1-39.5 2.1 0.9-3.9
0.137 0.179 0.006
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0.219 0.010
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0.177 1.030 0.037
0.901 1.123
-- --
0.461
0.050
Clean up removed covers Stocking ; get new covers Move to Job, set up Breaks, lavatory
3.0 2.0 5-0 15-0
8.5 2.4-24.6 1.0 0.1-2.3 2.0 1.4-2.9 1.4 0.1-3.9
0.255 0.020 0.100 0.201
Time-weighted exposure to asbestos containing dusts (indoor) in mppcf
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Table 1. CONTINUED
Operations Materials
Remove
Mix `
Cut
Apply
Air cell , Kaylo
Flberglas Others
No. 1 Plus Armentlte Superpower
Air cell Kaylo Flberglas Others
Air cell Kaylo Flberglas Others No. 1 Plus Armentlte/
Superpower
Clean up removed covers f.tocking; get new covers Move to Job, set up Breaks, lavatory
Concentrations
(mppcf)
Day Mean
Range
Time-weight Factor: Asbestos
1.2 1.6 2.0 0.2
1.6 0.1 0.8
5.0 8.c 2.2 0.6
15.8 19.9
4.5 2.6 4.8
2.4
5.2 9-0 10.0
9.6 17.0 21.3
2.5 9.4 2-5
1.5 9.2 3.6
1.4
5.2
5.1-5.2 3.6-14.0 5.5-20.2
5.9-12.5 14.1-21.6 13.1-25.4
0.9-3.** 6.3-7.4
1.4-3.8 --
0.3-3.5 1.9-17.9 1.6-6.7 ' 0.3-2.3
3.5-7.9.
0.062 0.144
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0.154 0.017 0.176
0.148 0.827
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0.237 I.83I 0.162
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0.067
0.125
3.0 2.0 5.0 15.0
8.5 2.4-24.6 1.0 0.1-2.3 2.0 1.4-2.9 1.4 0.1-3.9
0.255 0.020 0.100 0.210
Time-weighted exposure to asbestos containing dusts (outdoor) in mppcf
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ST0000323
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Threshold Limit Values (TLV)
A TLV describes that time-weighted concentration of a
material to which men can be repeatedly exposed for eight hours
with no adverse effects on
th. A TLV indicates a mean
r *
concentration which can be exceeded, provided there are corresponding
exposures lower than the TLV.
At present the TLV for dust containing asbestos is
5 mppcf using standard light microscopy techniques. Based on best
current information, the proposed TLV of 2 mppcf would provide better
protection. A two year trial per
preceeds acceptance of
proposed TLV's. In 1971, 2 mppcf will-be the TLV for asbestos, '
unless better information during the interim casts doubt upon the
proposed figure.
This report evaluated current exposures using the
proposed standard of 2 mppcf if the material in question had even
trace (<5) asbestos content. Manufacturers were consulted regarding
the composition of the Insulating product(s) found in common usage.
The following table lists these materials and the per cent asbestos
plus the appropriate TLV for thr* material.
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DOW 00120
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