Document gbm694px6NB79LEOZ0N378N43

REFERENCES t. Rlsebrough, R. W., Pelche, P., Peaks II# C. B., Herman, S. G. and Kcrver, I'. N., Nature 220, 1098 (1568). 2. MacGregor,J., Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. inves., 33rd annual conference. (1970). 3. Schmidt, T. T., Rlsebrough, R. W., and Cress, F., Bull Environ. Contamln. and Toxicol. 6, 233 (1971) < Rlsebrough, R. W., (personal communication). 5. Munson, T.O. end Hughes, R. A., (manuscript in p reparatI on). *' C. Rosenthal, R. J., The Vetlger J_2, 319 (1970). ( many clas most are 1$ a anti of 1 dair proc In s list note Reag 1. 2. c.v. { f Balletic. v.l i,: 0065277 TOWOLDMONOQ55849 hydrocarbons have been observed botveen individual samples from the same populations, only the most tenta tive observations should be made from data such as those presented here. Bearing this point In mind, some Interesting ovservatlons can be made. The four samples from Laguna Beach support the Idea that higher body burdens are accumulated by organisms at higher trophic levels. The lowest levels wore In the ebalone, a strict herbivore, the second . lowest levels wore in the red sea urchin, a herbivorescavenger, and the whelk and the spiny lobster, both scavengers, had the highest levels. The data from Sen Diego show the vrehin higher than the abalone but the fish much higher than either. The samples from San Diego have an average DOT/PCB ratio of l,02i,44 while the group of samples from Orange County have a ratio of 0.35.I4. While these somewhat low ratios agree with earlier observations (I,), one might be tempted to suppose that the lower ratio from the Orange County samples reflects the recent report that large amounts of RGB's are added to the marine environment by certain sewer outfalls In the Los Angeles-Orange County area and apparently none In the San Diego area. Upon examining the individual ratios, however, one finds that the urchin ratio from San Diego is nearly the seme as the two from Orange County. One cannot rule out the possibility that Ihe difference Is due to a different type of uptake mechanism In the fish as compared to the Invertebrates. Those preliminary data suggest the Ke I-let's Whelk would be a good "indicator" organism for studying the . regional distribution of chlorinated hydrocarbons. In addition to being a scavenger-carnivore, a trophic level high enough to accumulate relatively high levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons, this animal appears to be a good possibility for the following reasons; I) It Is numerous enough to be easily collected over the entire southern California area; 2) It does not range , far during its lifetime; 3) it is small enough to be easily composited thus avoiding the uncertainty Inherent In analyzing one tissue or another; and 4) all mature individuals in the population mate and lay eggs during the same period of each year (6.) thus avoiding possible variations due to rapid lipid turn over. before or after spawning. \ 227 00b^16 TOWOLDMONOQ55850 rI 5 ' Ch!orlnated Hydrocarbons In Samples from Orange County Sample * .1. Red Sea Urchin gonad . We Iqht-Gms <3Llpid) 9.5 (19) OOT(ppn)** W.wt..(Ip.wt.) .057 (.30) PCB(ppm) w.wt.(lp.vt.) .12 (.66) DOT/PC8 .45 2. Rock Sea 1 lop gonad 16 (1.2) .032 ( 1.7) '.50 (9.0) . 19 3. White Aba lone gonad digestive gland 4. Kel let's Whelk 16 (1.2) 6.0 (8.1) 24 (1.4) .006 (.48) ' .008 (.62) .042 (.42) .20 (2.4) .077 (5.7) .23 (17) .77 .18 .34 5. Red Sea Urchin gonad 6. Spiny Lobster digestive gland muscle 12 (4.8) 6.0 (3.7) 12 (4.8) .073 (.77) .051 (1.4) .037 (.77) .16 (3.3) 11.4 (38) .16 (3.3) .23 .37 .23 *StrongyloeentrotU8 franeiscanue, Hinnitee multirugoeus, Saliotis corr-u;:ta, Kelletia kelletii, StrongyZocentrotus franeiscanuet Panutirua interruptus - % ** DDT represents the sum of p.p'DOT, p.p'DOE end p.p'DDO expressed In p-rts per million (ppm) wet weight (w.wt.) end lipid weight '(Ip.wt.). bi'z* 900 Ooo-~cr-e.--cro--o*i < g - o ^ ^ w* 0 O ^ 4 0 if _ r -- TOWOLDMONOQ55851 TABLE I - CHLORINATED HYDR0CAR80NS IN SAMPLES FROM SAN DIEGO SAMPLE * Woloh t Gms. H Lipid) DDT(ppra)* PC8(opm) 00T/PCB w.wt. (Ip.wt.) w. wt . (1p .wt) 1. Rockftsh ' 1 1 ver pyloric caeca 8.5 (31 ) 2.5 (21 ) .46 (1.5) .83 (3.9) 1 .0 (3.3) I .0 (4.5) .43 .87 2. Sand 8ass liver pyloric caeca f l esh 12.0 4.5 27.0 (9.0) (12) (1.5) .21 (2.3) .52 (4.5) .078 (5.0) .31 (3.5) .24 (2.1) .04 (2.7) .66 2.1 1 .9 3. Sargo liver f 1 esh 7.0 (2.9) 6.5 (.60) .40 (14) .14 (2.1) .51 (18) . 16 (2.-?) .76 .87 4. Sbeopshead liver gonad flesh 9.0 12.0 8.0 (3. 3) (2.1) (1.3) .21 (6.5) .073 (3.6) .065 (5.1) .29 (8.8) .066 (3.2) .045 (3.6) .74 1.1 1.4- 5. Red Abalone gonad f 1 esh 5.5 (1.8) 4.3 (.49) ND (<10) NO (<.48) ND (<2.0) ND (<9.5 ) 6. Red Sea Urcb t n gonad 8.1 (8.1 ) .072 (.89) .21 (2.6) .34 *Sebastodes sp., ParaZabrax nebuZifar, Anisctrenis davidsonit PimeZometapon puZchrum, HaZiotis rufcsccna, Strongylocentrctus franciscanus. **DDT represents the sum of p,p'DDT, p#p*DDE and p,p'DDD expressed In parts per million (ppm) wet weight (w.wt.) and lipid weight (Ip.wt.). 0065280 TOWOLDMONOQ55852 about 30 ml and transfer to a small beaker to air dry at room temperature (I or 2 days). After weighing, dissolve the lipid In hexane and store the solution for cleanup. . 2) Cleanup. Mix 9 ml fuming sulfuric acid (20 302) wlth*9 ml concentrated sulfuric acid. Add slowly with stirring to 30 gm cellte. Immediately add about 200 ml petroleum ether. Transfer the slurry to a 90 mm sIntered-gI ass filter funnel and pack by press ing with a small beaker. After drawing the petroleum ether down to the surface of the column and discarding the filtrate odd the lipid solution to the column and stjr Into the upper layers. Wash the column with -500 ml"#petroIeurn ether and concentrate the filtrate to an appropriate volume for the gas chromatographic analysis. The samples were analyzed with a Barber-Co1emah 5360 electron-capture gas chromatograph modified to hold two columns. Two glass columns 4mm (I.D.) by 1.8m were used (IC2 DC200 and 52 QFI on chronabsorb WHP, 100/120 rr.esh) at I90<>C with filtered high purity nitrogen carrier gas flowing at 60 end 100 ml/min re spectively. Quantitative data were obtained by compar ing relative peak heights to standard compounds. Because the PCB peaks found nearly duplicated the re tention times end peak height ratios of Aroclor 1254, the height of the peck at 1.55 relative to eldrln on the QFI column was used for quantitation of the PCB. The peak heights corresponding to p,pf DDE end p,p* DDD were corrected fer PCB Inter forer.ee by subtracting amounts calculated from the height cf the 1.55 peak. Needless to say, such a method leads to approximate values. Although none of these samples have been analyzed with a gas-liquid chromatograph-mass spectrom eter, the expected PCB Isomers were identified by this method in extracts of fish (from Pennsylvania) which gave identical elution patterns when analyzed In this laboratory (5.). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table I presents' the data from a series of samples gathered at New Hope Rock, a reef about I mile from the San Diego sewer outfall on October I, 1970. Table 2 presents the data from a series of samples gathered on October 7, 1970 about 60 miles northward off Orange County (samples I and 2 were taken from Crystal Cove and samples 4-G were taken about 2 miles southward near the Laguna Beach sewer outfall). Because rather large individual variations In the body burdens of chlorinated 224 0065261 ! C.K j . Chloi'inr.led Hydrocarbon Residues in Marine Animals of'Southern California by T. 0. Munson fPcttinghousc Ocean Retoareh Laboratory Annapolit, Md, r* * Many reports document widespread environmental .contamination by chlorinated hydrocarbons (polychloro- biphenyls (PCB's) and chlorinated pesticides). In particular, several reports Indicate that the marine environment of southern California receives high levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons. Fish-eating birds of southern California have relatively high levels of DOT (l.)t and fish from the nearshore area off Los Angeles have extremely high (100-1OOOppm) levels of DDT in their tissues *(2.). Sewer outfalls appear to add many tons of PCB's each year to the southern California nearshore waters (3.>. . As part of our research on nearshore ecology*, we started a study to characterize the entry routes of chlorinated hydrocarbons into the nearshore area. The initial task of this study was to find a good "indicator" organism for determining the regional distribution of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the southern California marine environment. Because the Westinghouse Ocean Research Laboratory recently moved to Annapolis, Maryland, this research program probably will not be continued, but our preliminary findings may be helpful to other Investigators. # METHODS The sample organisms were wrapped in aluminum foil a few hours after collection and stored frozen until analysis. Sample preparation is described below (4.) (solvents were pesticide quality and chemicals were reagent grade). I) Extraction. Grind the tissue with 4 to 6 times Its weight sodium sulfate (anhydrous) in a blender or mortar and extract for 8 hours with hexane-acetone (2:1) in a Soxhlet extractor. Concentrate to about 75 ml with a Kuderna-DanIsh evaporative concentrator and add the concentrate to a separatory funnel containing 25 ml distilled water. Allow the mixed layers to separate 'for about 4 hours and discard the aqueous layer. Concentrate the organic layer to . 223 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Totltolotr. Vol. 1, No. 4,1912, 0 by Spfinjtr-Vcrlaj New York Inc. 006528^ j i <i I TOWOLDMONOQ55854