Document gbd2awQXnbzwbyj659y2grX23

4 1967 CONTENTS OFFICERS p. 5--20 CEMENT.QUARRY, MINERAL, OFFICERS p. 31-33 CHEMICAL OFFICERS p. 39-41 ARTICLE: COAL MINING SECTION - IMPORTANCE OF DUST CONTROL p. 3-6 pneumoconiosis p. 3-5 ARTICLE: COAL MINING SECTION - WHAT THE COAL INDUSTRY CONTROL DUST p. 6-8 si1ica dust p. S silicosis and other respiratory ailments p. 3 IS DOING TO COAL MINING OFFICERS p. 36-38 ARTICLE: CONSTRUCTION SECTION - OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY p. 21-25 lung cancer in asbestos insulators p. 21 asbestosis, asbestos dust, asbestos spray gun p. 22 computer output of lung cancer in asbestos insulators p. 24 THE CONSTRUCTION OFFICERS p. 59-61 ELECTRICAL OFFICERS p. 14, 15 GLASS, CERAMICS, RUBBER, PLASTICS OFFICERS p. 43-46 INDUSTRIAL OFFICERS p. 155-158 LABOR SAFETY OFFICERS p. 38, 39 MARINE OFFICERS 48-50 METALS OFFICERS p. 36-38 ARTICLE: MINING SECTION - THE MINER AND HIS ENVIRONMENT p. 4-16 pulmonary dusts p. 6 silicosis p. 7 MINING OFFICERS p. 54, 55 PETRGLEUM OFFICERS p. 43, 44 PUBLIC UTILITIES OFFICERS p. 30, 31 RAILROAD OFFICERS p. 30, 31 WOOD, TEXTILE, OFFICERS p. "4--47 NSC-19 00061 j VOLUME 1 OF THE TRANSACTIONS j 55th NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS (October 23-26, 1967, Chicago) ' Papers Delivered in the j GENERAL SESSIONS [ (With List of Exhibitors and General Index) 000613 ! CONTENTS five Years of Future Dates for the National Safety Congress | Officers of the National Safety Council 1967-68 ...................... ; Trustees of the National Safety Council 1967-68 .................... j Board of Directors of.the National Safety Council 1967-68 .. t f ANNUAL COUNCIL MEETING Invocation...................................................................... Rabbi Mordscsi Bimw 21 | Minutes of the Annual Council Meeting.......................................R. L. Forney 2 2 t Address............................................................................... Brooks McCorwict- ?' J. | Adless............................................................................... Kenton Vandcmnr!: 35 President's Report.........................................................................Howartl Fy-'t 2/ NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS BANQUET Invocation...................................................................Dr. W. Henry Shillinn>'V> :'!) National Safety Congress Banquet . ................................................................. E.tlvtjUors--55th National Safety Congress & Exposition.................................. Ii'd ' < to All (28) Volumes of 1967 National Satety Congress........................ 0th Volumes in 1967 National Safety Congress Transactions ... ^ ir|- PLAN NOW TO ATTEND THE NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS OCTOBER 28-31, 1968 / CONRAD HILTON HOTEL, CHICAGO The Congress is always a big week, a worthwhile week for the 13,000 safety people who attend. At the '68 Congress you can meet other safety people, with the same problems and responsibilities as yourself. You can exchange views and ideas on accident preven tion, health, hygiene, and fire prevention ... on safety in industry, traffic, school, at home and on the farm. You can see the largest of all safety equipment exhibits at the Congress ... an opportunity for you to make wellinformed buying decisions for your company. This four-day educational program, planned and pre sented by the National Safety Council, can be your most thought-provoking, most worthwhile safety expe rience in 1968. Make plans early to attend the 1968 Congress and bring the other people in your organization who have safety : responsibilities. FUTURE CONGRESS OATES 1968 October 28 31 1969 October 27 30 1970 October 26 29 1971 October 25 28 1972 October 23 26 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60811 I National Safety Council OFFICERS-! 967-68 Chairman, Hoard of Directors--A. S. Alston, F.sccutivc \'i l'i, .|. dent, American Telephone and Telegraph Company. Now 'C-t1, New York President--lIowaiid Pyle, President, National Safely Cnnn.il, (;|,i cago, Illinois Vice President for Farms--Nomman C. Minihuim, Director, National 4-11 Service Committee, Inc., Chicago, Illinois Vice President for Finance-]. 11. Sciiwaiiten, Eserutive W- IV ,i dent, City Products Corporation, Chicago, Illinois Vice President for Homes-]. II. Tyi.kii McColm i.l, Pn -.i-l----I, I' I, ware Trust Company, Wilmington, Delaware Vice President for Industry--11. S. McFarland', Director of IVis.m"l Services, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Michigan Vice President for Labor--Anrilun P. Cildi-a, Secretary-Treasurer. United Brewery Workers, Cincinnati, Ohio Vice President for Membership--Herman J. Si-pkiiku. Canfi.T-l. ('hi-. Vice President for Motor Transportation--IIaiiiiy IS. Foci chop, SemVi Executive Vice President, Fruehnuf Corporation, Detroit, Mh-InVan Vice President for Production--llue.ii Cuims, Dean, School of |nni.. nalisin, Drake University, Dos Moines, Iowa Vice President for Public Information-John J. Kaiioi., Vico J'rosid. nt. Director of Special Projects, CBS Television Network. NVw Vo-t. New York Vice President for Public Safety-- Hoiieiit A. Oi.i.n, Via- I'pH I- o'. Car Wood Industries, Inc., Wayne, Michigan Vice President for Religious Leaders--Eiuvin D. Caniiam, Editor in Chief, The Christian Science Monitor, Boston, Massachir National Safety Council (Officers, continued) Vice President fur Research--Nohvin C. Kiei-kr, M.D., Chief Medical Director, The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States, New York, New York Vice President for Schools and Colleges--Dn. Dewey F. Baiucm, Pres ident, Detroit Institute of Technology, Detroit, Michigan Vice President for Stale and Local Safety Organizations--C. IIunteh Omekn, Vice President, Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Company, Louisville, Kentucky Vice President for Traffic--Ren West, Attorney, Nashville, Tennessee Vice President for Women--Mns. Hoiiace Dawson, Illinois State Legislator, Evanston, Illinois Vice President for Youth Activities--Alex A. Maleski, Associate Di rector Program Services, Boys' Clubs of America, New York, New York Executive Vice President--John D. Lawloh, Executive Vice Presi dent, National Safely Council, Chicago, Illinois Secretary and Treasurer--R. L. Founey, Secretary and Treasurer, Na tional Safety Council, Chicago, Illinois Assistant Treasurer--]. D. Fuleoiid, Director, Treasury Division, Na tional Safety Council, Chicago, Illinois National Safety Council TRUSTEES-! 967-68 Chairman of the Trustees-- IIowaiiu I'yi.k, President, National Salt's Council, Chicago, Illinois Vice Chairman of the Trustees--A. E. Perlman, President, Penn (a m tral. New York, New York t j> Members A. S. Alston, Executive Vice President, American Teh phone and Telegraph Company, New York, New York (Kx-Ollicio) E. H. Bailey, President, Union Pacific llailroad Company, Omaha. Nebraska Melvin II, Baker, Honorary Chairman, National Cypsmn Company, Buffalo, New York B. F. Barker, Chairman, PPG Industries, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylva nia Mns. Olive A. Beech, President and Chairman, Beech Aircraft Cmp., Wichita, Kansas Charles Dana Bennett, Washington, D. C. Harold Blancke, Former Chairman, Cclanese Corporation of Amer ica, New York, New York D. W. Brosnan, Former Chairman, Southern Hailway System, W ' hington, D. C. Walter J. Burke, Secretary-Treasurer, United Steelworkers nl Amer ica, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Walteii F. Carey, President, Automobile Carriers Inc., Flint, Mi- higan Joseph F. Cullman, Iiiij, Chairman, Philip Morris, Incm pm.iled. New York, New York J. Doyle DeWitt, Chairman, The Travelers, Hartford, f ( !it nl National Safety Council (Trustees, continued) IUssi:u. Di:You\u, Cljaimuui, Goodyear Tire 6c Huliber Company, Akron, Ohio Ki NirioN Dunn, ('luinnan of the* Hoard, AHKX Corporation, New Yoik, Ni\v York Emiu; V. Du Pont, Director, E. I. do Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc.. Wilmington, Delaware T. M. Evans. C'hairman, Crane Co.. New York. New York Edwin II. Gott, President, United States Steel Corporation, Pitts burgh. Pennsylvania K. Hoi.and IIaiuuman, Hrown Brothers Ilarriman ami Company, New York, Now York I. V. I Ieiiii, Chairman of tlio Boards, The Continental Insurance Com panies, New Volk, New York William A. Unwin, Chairman, Deere & Company, Moline, Illinois Chant Kkeiin, Vice Chairman, The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United Stales, New York, New York Jamks II. Kiam, President, Avco Corporation, New York, New York John- H. Kimiu-.iu.y, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wisconsin Joseph L. Lanieii, Chairman, West Point-Peppercll, Inc., West Point, Georgia Stanley Leaiineii. Vice Chairman, Phillips Petroleum Company, Bar tlesville, Oklahoma Edmund Ir. Maiitin*, Chairman, Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Bethle hem, Pennsylvania J. A. Maiitino, Chairman, National Lead Company, New York, New York Biiiny Mason, Jil, Chairman, Union Carbide Corporation, New York, Non York Neil McLlhoy, Chairman, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincin nati, Ohio i.. National Safety Council I r\. i <hiimu. r! Hoiiemi S. (tei.MAN, (.haiunan, The Natinnal (i llwoslri r ,,j> . Oaylnu, Ohio A. E. Peiilman, President, Penn (.'ential. New Ymk. New York C. L. Piiili.ippe, Chairman of the Board, Genera! Llectrie Compan*., New York, New York IIowaiii) Pyle, President, National Safely Cmmeil, Chicacn, lllineis (Ex-OWcm) r .j J. M. Roche, President, General Motors Corporation, Dilmit, Miehi(tan II. I. Homnes, Chairman, American Telephone and Tclciriaph (j mpany. New York, New Y'ork lb S. Stevenson, Chairman, Allis-Chalmers Mai it i f.it 11 n i n ; Cnmi Milwaukee, Wisconsin Do. John F. Thompson, Honorary Chairman, The Inti a national Nickel Company, Inc., New York, New York Lynn A. Townsend, Chairman, Chrysler Corporation, Detroit, ? )i< !URan M. J. Waiinock, Chairman, Arnistruui' Cork Company, Lancaster, Pennsylvania John L. Weinberg, Partner, Goldman, Sachs & Compam, New York. New York Hunter P. Wiiaiiton, General President, International Union of fVeratiiig Engineers, Washington, D. C. Hoiieiit W. Woodruff, Chairman, Finance Committrv, The Grv.-aCola Company, Atlanta, Georgia National Safety Council BOARD OF DIRECTORS-! 967-68 Chairman of the Board of Directors--A. S. Alston, Executive Vice President, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, New York, New York Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors--Dn. Dewey F. Baricii, President, Detroit Institute of Technology, Detroit, Michigan Members Edward S. Adams, Director of Safety, Iowa Farm Bureau, Dcs Moines, Iowa William R. Adams, President, St. Regis Paper Company, New York, New York RonEHT H. Aliiisseii, Safety Coordinator, Corporate Personnel Rela tions, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey Cole A. Allen, Vice President, American Mutual Liability Insurance Company, Wakefield, Massachusetts A. S. Alston, Executive Vice President, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, New York, New York Sidney Altf.iiman, President, Altcrman Transport Lines, Inc., Miami, Florida Dudley Andry, Manager, Metropolitan New Orleans Safety Council, New Orleans, Louisiana Richard K. Ayeus, Managing Director, Metropolitan Safety Council, Denver, Colorado Da. Dewey F. Baiucii, President, Detroit Institute of Technology, Detroit, Michigan F. R. Baunako, Manager of Compensation and Safety, Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania M. F. IIiancardi, Manager, Safety & Workmen's Compensation Serv ices, Allis-Chahners Manufacturing Company, Milwaukee, Wiscon sin Dn. Richard W. Bishop, Associate Professor, Physical Education Depaitment, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida Eiiwaud J. Bock, Vice President, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Mis souri Rodeut F. Boweiis, Director Personnel Relations, Chrysler Corpora tion, Detroit, Michigan National Safety Council I ft.Mill Mm, ' Carroi.i. W. Boyce, Chief Editor - Fleet Owner Magazine, M < a Hill, Inc.. New York. New York C.'aenAH IllUNCIIiNI, Manager of Teelmieal Nerviees, The K.|ii;i dde Life Assurance Society of the United Slates, Nexv York, New V ,,k Ci.aiik D. Rnioucs, Managing Director, lodostiial Medical Assn, i <ti>>11. Chicago, Illinois Russell I. Brown, Rockville, Maryland James (). Bunco, President, James Rmpo Insurance, lne.. Saeiaoe-ulo. California '1 ffahold BunsoN, President, lhnson-MaistclIcr Associate:;. i\Vc. Yml. New York Ci.ayton D. Calkins, Manager, Safety A- Personnel, Pacific Mniin Trucking Cn., San Francisco, California Eiiwin D. Caniiam, Editor in Chief, The Christian Science Monitor, Boston, Massachusetts Walter F. Carey, President, Automobile Carriers Inc., Flint, Mulli gan Allen L. Corii, Director of Industrial Safety, Eastman Kodak f pany, Rochester, New York Dll. Seymour J. Cohen, The Auslio Emet Synagogue, Chicago, fllie John T. Collier, Special Projects Officer, Legislation and l'nldie fairs, U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. \\ ington, D. C, Paul IL Connellky, United Brotherhood of Carpenters ami Join x of America, Washington, D. C. Dn. John D. Connors, Executive Secretary, Committee on Safely a I Occupational Health, American Federation of Labor and Cmim of Industrial Organizations, Washington, D. C. John M. Couric, Vice President for Public Relations, Na'ion-1 ' ciation of Hroadeasters, Wasbington, D. C. Ernest G. Cox, Deputy Director, Bureau of Motor C.tnea S.i!Federal Highway' Administration, Washington, D. C. If. E. Crawford, Vice President, General Motors Gorpoiali troit, Michigan ' James M. Chawi; North America, or Vico rrosMml; Insinpjjj^y^ mi' liiu, IVnjtsyIv:min *r 7,\ Much E. Cuhtim, Moines, Iowa hoo! of )nnrn;>)ism, Dialer Uiii\ji t :il\, D ; 000G17 # Hcilional Safety Council (Hoard of Directors, continued) National Safety Council (Hoot(J of Din t ton, ' Du. C. Fiiazieii Da muon, Professor of Safety Education, School of Education, Tlic University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin M. It. Darlington Jn., Managing Director, Auto Industries Highway Safety Committee, Inc., Washington, D. C. II. C. Daulton, Director of Safety, Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co., Louisv ille, Kentucky L. B. Davis, Vice President & General Manager, Defense Programs Division, General Electric Company, Washington, D. C. I Ion. Mattie Belli; Davis, Judge, Metropolitan Court of Dade County, Miami, Florida Mas. IIoiiace Dawson, Illinois State Legislator, Evanston, Illinois Anthony De Lorenzo. Vice President, General Motors Corporation, rs_.---\r: vision, Deere & Company, Moline, Illinois Frederick J. Dodson, Assistant Vice President, Liberty Mutual Insur ance Company, Boston, Massachusetts "...........ri. 'Z-.- 'r. C/._irr.-.''errr.'irr. C' : ; -.. V.'.r'h !c MeLsr.nan. Donald A. Dukelosv. M.D., Assistant Director, Department of Com munity Health and Health Education, American Medical Associa tion, Chicago, Illinois Emile F. du Pont, Director, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware James P. Economos, Director, Traffic Court Program, American Bar Association, Chicago, Illinois Ciiahles W. Feucuson, Senior Editor, The Reader's Digest, Pleasantvillc. New York D. M. Fergusson, Superintendent of Safety - Personal Lines, Nation wide Insurance Company, Columbus, Ohio Alvin M. Feiist, Jn., Vice President, .Rich's, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia A. C. Field, Jil, Manager, Public Affairs, WCN Continental Broad casting Corporation, Chicago, Illinois Maurice Fischer, Assistant to the Editor, Chicago Daily News, Chi cago, Illinois 12 Dn. Lowell B. Fished, Coordinator of School University It>-lai m University of Illinois, Urhana, Illinois Dn. A. E. Floiuo, Professor of Safety F.ihiealioo. Department ol Health and Safety Education, University of Illinois, Champ-lien. Illinois Paiikeii C. Folse, Safety Advisor, Mobil Oil Corporation. New Yml. New York J Eikiaii J. Foiiio, The Coca Cola Company, Atlanta, Georgia IIaiiuy E. Foolkiiod, Senior Executive Vice President, Erurhaul Cm poratiou, Detroit, Michigan Mns. John G. Fowled, National Vice Chairman of Vohintms, ThAmerican National Red Cross, Washington, D. C. Wf.liiy M. Fiiantz, President, Eastern Express, Inc., Terre Haul-. In diana John W. CiunoNs, Director of Public Relations, Automotive Saf- ly Eoundalion, Washington, I). C. Authuii P. Cildea, Secretary-Treasurer, United Brewery Worki-is. Cincinnati, Ohio RonEiir E. Cocke, Vice President, Safely fi Regulatory Iti-laliuo-. Creylumnd Lines, Inc., Chicago, Illinois Ceoiice L. Goiiiiell, Manager, Persnnnel Safety, Monsanto Company. St. Louis, Missouri Dan D. Cowings, Assistant Professor, School of Health, Physical Edu cation and Recreation, Indiana Slate University, Terre Haute, Indi ana ! Wm. Paul Gray, National Executive Secretary, Future Farmers of America, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washing ton, D. C. : C. Hunter Green, Vice President, Southern Bell Telephone and Tele graph Company, Louisville, Kentucky Ceiiard O. Griffin, Manager, Hazard Control, Dravo Cnrpoialirm. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Rev. Robert A. Gn Seminary, St. Louis etor of Seminarv Relation uiemdi 1 Samuel R. Guard, h and Chicago Daily Roy Haeusler, Chic ion, Detroit, Michi Marketing Research, Chi4^i^|ui-Tim> Chicago, Illinois J ^ ' 0>OOGiit8AiltJiliJiJifSaletK Chrvsfe^Sorp-n a National Safety Council (liotnd of Directors, continued) Kinv vnn It. I 1ai.i:i:h M , liitcriiutiiiunl S:11 (Itepresenlulive, liileniat j<nml Association n( Fire Fighters, Cincinnati, Uliiu An i ML'it A. Mansion, .Secretary, The Hartford Insurance Croup, Hart ford, Connecticut 111:11111:111 E. i l.uu'ini, l'vcsiilent, Public Service Coordinated Transport, Maplewood, New Jersey H. M. IIautman, Assistant Manager of Compensation and Safety, llethlehcm Steel Corporation, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania Aliiemt L. Hauck, Director, Safety and Public Helations, Transporta tion Underwriters, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Daniel F. Haves, Chief, Industrial Safety & Eire Protection Branch, United States Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, D. C. lUniEUT C. Hendon, Vice President, Industry Affairs, REA Express, New York, New York Hu.ssr.1.1. E. Heston, Director of Engineering, Grinnoll Mutual Rein surance Company, Crinnell, Iowa W. C. Hewitt, Senior Vice President, Phillips Petroleum Company, Bartlesville, Oklahoma Donald M. IIigcins, Director, Health and Safety Service, National Council, Boy Scouts of America, New Brunswick, New Jersey Ur. Iticv. Mscn. Ceouck C. Higgins, Director, Department of Social Action, National Catholic Welfare Conference, Washington, D. C. Dn. Kenneth IIildeiiiiand, Minister, The Central Church of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Joseph R. Hocsett, Attorney at Law, Ilngsctt, Shaffer & Rooker, Kan sas City, Missouri Du. Jeiiome II. Hollanii, President, Hampton Institute, Hampton, Virginia Dn. GaiioU) D. IIolstink, President, Bacone College, Muskogee, Oklahoma Paul J. IIooveii, Vice President, The Halle Bros. Co., Cleveland, Ohio W. G. Houton, President, Bus Horton Inc., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma I'uei) IIui.ken, Corporation Director of Personnel, The Boeing Com pany, Seattle, Washington II. M. Huntington, General Supervisor, Safety, International Har vester Company, Chicago, Illinois 1-1 I National Safety Council (Hoard of Directors, ronton. Miss Ruth Jkwgi.i., Stale Music Coie.iillanl, Stale Di paiiii..-I , Public Instruction, Raleigh, North Carolina Paul II. Johansen, President, Central Motor Lines. Charlett-, \',.ii' Carolina Paul V. Joliet, M.D., Deputy State & County Health Ollii, , , Wa.!, ington County Department of Health, Hagerstown. Maryland T. Lawhence Jones, President, American Insurance Association. N" York, New York f ,JS (EOliGE L. Judy, President, Bituminous Goal Operators' Assoeiatii",. Washington, D. C. William L. Kandel, Policy Associate, Industrial Relations Dzpait ment, National Association of Manufacturers, New York, New Yoik James L. Kahns, Administrator, Division of Motor Vehicles, Wisconsin Motor Vehicle Department, Madison, Wisconsin John J. Kaiiol, Vice President, Director of Special Projects, CBS T.! vision Network, New York, New York s Aliikiit B. Kelley, Federal Highway Admmislialiou. Wash hi" I w 1 p C. Noiivin C. Kiefeii, M.D., Chief Medical Director, The Eipiilabl- lab X Assurance Society, Nciv York, New York Dn. Denis J, Kigin, Assistant Dean of Extrusion, Arizona Stair Uni versity, Tempo, Arizona Keith Kiiikuatiiick, Associate Farm Director, WHO Ibuadi asling Company, Des Moines, Iowa *' '* ivi-ai 1, jii., inner, Aeenlent iTevenlum Section, institute nl .' riculturnl Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa Weiineii C. Knoop, President, The Baldwin Company, Little Hoik. Arkansas Mns. IIideo Kodani, Mas. John is, Kiiukgei Iuiank E. Ladkiieii, I pany, Columlms, Oh F. S. Lake, Director Michigan alisades, CnlifcqgWn ;cc, Wisconsin of Safrlv, Nationwide liiMir.inMj N' m- ,. 0006IS) >4 ly, Interstate System, ('.rand iz:nir'.. John D. Lawi.oii, F,xc Chicago, Illinois Nal'onal Safety Council < Hoard of Directors, continued) \ \ \ \ |-. 1.1 ( .mu , S;t 14 t y I )iin I < u , Ini (laml ( rmriil A'.'.ni ialinti, (,`lii- (. a^n, hi. r mis I! I.kmiin, Director of School Transportation, New Mexico Slate I), p.nlim nt of Fdiicntinn, Santa Fe, New Mexico l*mr.ii' l.i'i v. President, 1 lie I'hilip Losly Company, Chicago, Illinois Edwin IS. Locke, Vice I'rcsiclent, Texas Employers' Insurance Associa tion, Dallas, Texas James I). I .orisnoN', Superintendent, Thornton Township Hit'll Schools and Junior College. Harvey, Illinois William II. Lowe. Vice President and Treasurer, Inland Steel Com pany, Chicago, Illinois I ons T. l.i'CAS, Fxecutixe Director, National Hide Association of America, Washington, D. C. I Ion. Ckmaldine F. Macklwane, Judge, Common Pleas Court, Lucas (anility, Toledo, Ohio W. C. Macintosh, Manager, engineering Department, 'The Hartford Insurance Croup, New York, New York .\li-:x A. Maleski, Associate Director, Program Services, Hoys' Clubs of Amci ica. New York, New York Hiciiauo F. Maueand, Pii.D., Chief, Injury Control Program, U. S. Public Health Service, Cincinnati, Ohio Miss Maiiion F. Martin, Commissioner of Labor and Industry, State of Maine, Augusta, Maine 1C. O. Mattocks, Director, Division of Science and Technology, Amer ican Petroleum Institute, New York, New York Mns. Marjorie H. May, Director, education and Home Division, Cheater New York Safety Council, Inc., New York, New York I. II. Tyler McConneli., President, Delaware Trust Company, Wil mington, Delaware Hiiooks McCouxiick, Executive Vice President, International Har vester Company, Chicago, Illinois Houeiit F. McCuiiiiy, President, Newport Supply Company, Costa Mesa, California F. (', McI'aiiiien', Dallas, Texas II. S. McFarland, Director of Personnel Services, Ceneral Motors Corpoiation, Detroit, Michigan National Safety Council (Board of Dim tors, t rnfi:a/- d Dn. Iloss A. McFarland, Ciiggenhciiu Piolev.t'r ot Aiio-.pa'i- IP die and Safety, Harvard School of Public Health, llostnn. Massat line IP Thomas C. McGuire, President, Industrial Indemnity Company. San Francisco, California Jack McLaughlin, United Steelworkers Local HIM, Cary. Indiana Dn. IIauold Mendelsohn, Professor and Director of Research. Sd" of Communication Arts, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado Vmr.ii. J. Mkyfiis, Companji Safety Director, Western Fleeliie C.-w puny, New York, New York Noiiman C. Minduum, Director, National l-H Service Cm.... it I- Inc., Chicago, Illinois Lomond J. MoncKON, Director, W'alcr Safely, 'The American Nation:'1 Hod Cross, Washington, D. C. Mbs. Charlotte Montgomery, Contributing Editor, Good House, keeping Magazine, Westfield, New Jersey "Thomas C. Moiiiui.i., Vice President, Stale Farm Mutual Antoninl'il' Insurance Company, Bloomington, Illinois F. Freoeiuc Morrow, Vice President, Bank of America. New York New York A. B. Mimi'HY, National Director Safety Services, 'The American X.' tional Red Cross, Washington, D. C. Allan D. Musorove, President, IML Freight, Inc., Salt Lake Cil\ Utah Edward C. Myers, Viee President and Assistant to President. Unit' I States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Amos E. Nkyiiart, State College, Pennsylvania Roiikiit A. Olen, Viee President, Car Woml Industries, Inc., Wayne. Michigan Cart. David Oliver, USCC, Chief, Boating Safety Branch, United States Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. Arthur G. PlCTRY, Gommimieations Coordinator, The National .Society For Crippled Children and Adults, Chicago. Illinois Fletcher N. Platt, NfJ merit Department, Ford aflic Safety and Highway mipany, Dearborn, Lorne F. Purves, Superiil Star, Ltd., Toronto 4, Oi' Howaiui Pyle, President, Transpnrtation and Safctv, Toronto 000620 afetv Council. Chicago. ll,""ir- 117 National Safety Council j (lloonl <>/ Directors, continued) : I- S. Oueeneh, Manager, N.ifcty iim! Kile l'rolccliini Division, E. 1. (In : Pont <le Nomotirs A Company, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware I. C. Raiillieek, Supervisor, Industrial Safety Section, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Michigan l'i ii" K. Iti-N isciii.iii, (bail man of (lie Hoard, Hamilton roimdry Inc., Hamilton, Oliin Maiik Roiienon, Vice President, Yellow Transit Freight Lilies, Inc., Kansas City, Missouri i n.sNK II. Romms, Division Vice President, Central Telephone Com pany, Las Vegas, Nevada Jack J. RosEiinoumi, Executive Vice President, United Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company, Indianapolis, Indiana lUnu-aiT T. Boss, Manchester, Michigan E. M. Roxvley, President, Southern Specialty Sales Company, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana IIaiivcv C. Russell, Vice President, Planning, l'cpsi-Cola Company, New York, New York b. II. rtvmioi.M, Vice President and Director Civic Adairs, Chrysler Corporation, Detroit, Michigan C. k. Sc.iii.uici uii, Executive Vice President, Employers Insurance ol Wausau, Wausau, Wisconsin Kaiil Schulze, Supervising Safety Engineer, Standard Oil Company of California, Western Operations, Inc., San Francisco, California J. II. Sciiwaiiten, Executive Vice President, City Products Corpora tion, Chicago, Illinois CnimoN II. Siieiciie, Director, Highway Traffic Safety Center, Michi gan State University, East Lansing, Michigan Donald J. Siiehdondy, Vice President, Industrial Relations, Pitts burgh Plate Class Company, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania On. W. IIeniiy Siiili.incton, Field Secretary, General Hoard of Pen sions of the Methodist Church, Evanston, Illinois Pi'iicy II. Shue, Assistant Secretary, Program Development, Kixvanis International, Chicago, Illinois P. L. Siemili.kii, President, International Association of Machinists, Washington, D. C. If. S. Simpson, Manager of Safety, Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peoria, Illinois IS National Safety Council t llwllil of 1 h'lve/oj v. to James M. Slavin, Director, Traffic Institute, Noithwestciu t'ni-.i i Evanston, Illinois Eaiii. W. Smith, Executive Vice President, Hallimore Salih C'"m Haltimore, Maryland Dll. Julian W. Smith, Director, Outdoor Education Piop-cl. l oll, of Kdiieafion, Michigan Slale Univcisity, F.asl Lansing. Miehie.ao S. F. SeENCK, Director. Safety and Loss-Prevention. Am.nY.oi (' aiiamid Company,,Wavne, New Jersey Pete Spilleii, United Auto Workers Local 5Sf>, South Holland. I1' Louis P. Spitz, Executive Director, American Association of M--i. Vehicle Administrators, Washington, D. C. Heiiman J. Spoeiieu, Canfield, Ohio Winslow A. Staiii.k, Hesident Manager. I.ih'ily Mutual ............. Company, Springfield, Massachusetts Wayne D. Staley, President, The Dm iron Cnnipanv, Inc.. Davi... Ohio VV. E. SiOEEINo, Direclor of Sal. tv, (.'airier (.'ni|n>ialinn, S\.:.< .. New York Edwahd W. Tanquahy, Elmhurst, Illinois James F. Van Namee, Administrator Accident Prevention, Weti.r house Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Miss Caiiol Van Sickle, Public Relations Department, The < m*in-- tal Insurance Companies, New York, New York Du. Pmeston A. Wade, Professor of Clinical Surgery, Cornell I'niw sity Medical School, New York, New York Mils. Riciiaiid K. Waiiiien, Ilaugor, Maine Ciiaiiles A. Wf.iiii, Pres Owners, Washington, D. Miss Mahy M. Weeks, P cation, Cirl Scouts of th. York IlowAim M. Weiss, Vico P] poration, Flushing, New Y Ren West, Attorney, Nashv j;.tional Ass(u<ii<tion of ccialist, Health and Safety ,Edf. tales of America, New Yoib, N i.'., QPPJS21 sf tfriimmsau .Safety Jv|<itjunrnip <*. National Safety Council (Board of Directors, continued) Miss Janice B. Westady, M.l'.ll., Assistant Professor, School of Public Health, Hie University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina IIuntem P. Wharton, Concral President, International Union of Oper ating Engineers, Washington, D. C. ( .educe M. Wheatley, M.D., Senior Medical Director, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, New York, New York Victou Is. Wm i EiiousE, Director of Snfety, International Brotherhood of electrical Workers, Washington, D. C. I. II. Wilkenson, Director of Safety, Department of the Army, Washington, D. C. S. L. Williams, Safety & Tire Protection Engineer, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware Doiiwin L. Williamson, Superintendent, Training and Safety, Cleve land Transit System, Cleveland, Ohio E. H. Wii.lsey, Extension Safety Specialist, Department of Agricul tural Engineering, l'urdne University, Lafayette, Indiana Paul Windsou, Secretary, Bureau of Safety, Chicago, Illinois Lowell F. Wingeut, President, Mountain States Telephone and Telegraph Company, Denver, Colorado Paul S. Wise, General Manager, American Mutual Insurance Alliance, Chicago, Illinois I'hanklin D. Yooeii, M.D., Director of Public Health, Illinois Depart ment of Public Health, Springfield, Illinois * .1 \%r. 000822 i':K HI ANNUAL COUNCIL MEETING INVOCATION By IUBBI MORDECAI SIMON Executive Director of the Chicago Bonnl of Baltins Almighty ami Eternal Gotl: Inspired by your ethical and moral teachings, we have come to gether to reflect upon our progress to this lime and to consider the tasks still before us. As citizens of a nation dedicated to the Fatherhood of Clod and the brotherhood of man, we arc charged to do justly, love mercy and to walk humbly with You; to extend compassion, understanding and aid to the perplexed and sorely-tried; to love our neighbor as ourselves. To these humanitarian heights has the National Safety Council dedicated itself through its noble aims and purposes of constantly working, studying and planning for means that will result in the extended health, welfare and education for all. To these noble ideals, we pray, may we ever remain faithful, as we develop a continuing sense of dedicated commitment to this organization, our respective professions and those we serve, a com mitment which both elevates and ennobles. We beseech Your blessings upon all who have affiliated them selves in the attainment of these common objectives. Endmv them with the knowledge, wisdom and guidance necessary for fruitful leadership and success in the attainment of these goals . . . Inspire us to labor zealously and unflinchingly for the perpetuation of the American way of life. Guard our county from iniquitous designs, intolerance and blind prejudice. Keep our borders free from every enemy, both from within and without . . . Grant us clear minds so that we may approach the problems of our day with forthrightness and unselfish ness . . . Spread Your tabernacle of peace over all the nations ol the earth. May the work of peace be righteousness, and its effect, fr< 'dom from fear and want for all men. Amen. 1007 National Safety Congress V,unities. Penalties of both :i civil and ciiminal naInrc arc provided for in the Act. A civ il action for preventive relief, includ ing an application for a permanent or tem porary injunction, restraining order, or other order, may l>e instituted by the Secretary in the district court of the United States for the district in which the mine in question is lo cated or in which the mine operator has its principal olfice, whenever an operator ( 1 ) \ iolates or fails or refuses to comply with any order of withdrawal and debarment, or (2) interferes with, hinders, or delays the Secretary or his duly authorized representa tive. in carrying out his duties under the Act, or (o) refuses to admit an authorized representative to a mini', or (1) refuses to permit the inspection or investigation of any mine, or of an accident, injury, or occupa tional disease occurring in or connected with a mine, or (5) refuses to furnish any infor mation or report requested by the Secretary. Upon conviction, persons may be pun ished bv a line of not loss than $100, or nu'H than > '>.000. or by imprisonment not to exceed sixty d.ivs. or both, where (1) there is a violation or failure or refusal to comply with an "Imminent Danger Withdrawal Order," or (2) there is a violation of a man datory standard and failure or refusal to comply with an' order of abatement if the failure to comply with the order of abate ment has created an "imminent danger", that is, a danger that could cause death or serious physical harm in such mine immedi ately or before the imminence of such dancer can be eliminated. These criminal penalties have a peculiar twist to them. In Senate Report No. 1296 the Committee* stated-- "Section 1J(I>) . . . makes mine operators liable to criminal penalties (fines of $100 to S3,000 and imprisonment for up to 60 days) upon conviction in Federal court of one specified offense. This offense is: violation of, or refusal or failure to comply with, an order of withdrawal and debarment, if, at the time the order is made, a danger exists `that could cause death or serious physical harm in such mine immediately or before the imminence of such danger can be elimi nated.' "These criminal penalties do not apply, therefore, to a mine operator who has been given a notice fixing a time limit for abate ment ol a violation of a mandatory health or safety standard, who has failed to abate the v iolation within the time allowed, who lias then been given an order of withdrawal anti debarment, and who has then violated, failed, or refused to comply with this order --unless his failure to abate the violation has created an imminent or immediate danger of death or serious physical harm by the time the order of withdrawal and debarment was issued." Thus, it would seem that an offense has been committed if between the time of issu ance of a notice of abatement fixing a lime limit within which to abate, and upon llie expiration of the lime, the failure to abate the violation of a mandatory standard bus re sulted in a condition of imminent or immedi ate danger. The Act was effective on September 10, 1666; however the provisions with respect to issuance of "Imminent Danger Withdrawal Orders" and "Elapsed-time Withdrawal Or ders and some of the penalty provisions do not become elfeclive until one year after the date of publication of notice in the Federal lieginter of the designation of mandatory standards. The meanings and interpretations of the Act in many respects will have to await the time when we are faced with actual situa tions and circumstances which undoubtedly will arise after the Act becomes fully opera tional. Some questions and disputes may not be entirely clarified or decided until eases are heard and decided by the Board of Re view and by tlu^ourts. OFFICERS OF THE CEMENT, QUARRY AND MINER A* AGGREGATES SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL ^ General Chairman-). It. Tiu:vnvvv,vv, Safely Director, Vulcan Mai. rials. Co.. I'in-.i......... .. Ala. t First Vice Chairman--Martin D. Gkntiiv, Manager. Industrial Relation.;, Crt.ei >1 i',, Cement Co., Dallas, Tex. Second Vice Chairman--Patrick C. IIaii.eii, Labor Relations Asst., Id. d Denver, Colo. Scrre/rir!/-Roiu.ur J. Ciiomi.ey, Safety Director, The Standard Slag Company. Ohio Xewslcllcr Editor--Tun II. Reynolds, Director of Safely, Medusa I'ortl-md < '<....... ' pany, Cleveland, Ohio Associate Newsletter Editor--T. W. Myeiis, Mgr. Employment mid Sable, lb. i >... ,| Portland Cement Co., Division of llie Elinlkole Company, Middle I'.iaia li, (tin Program Committee--Martin D. Gentry, (Chairman), Manager, lniluxtrid lb-ini General Portland Cement On., Dallas, Tex.; Roman M. Hoi.nr'men. Salelv t:..i-r,|i.. Standard Materials Div., Marlin-Marietta Corp., New York, N. Y.; "I low.vrn I'. |..n Division Manager, Industrial Relations, The Ruheroid Company, Hound !:>?.. jersey; Sidney A. Quin, Manager of Loss Prevention Dept., Royal Globe 1 t|MI!;|||tr Dallas, Tex.; F. J. HocKits, Manager, Adminislraiive Services, Gypsum .Vnei.ifi...., eago, 111. Mcni'-ersliip Committee--Sidney A. Qiiin, (Chairman), Manager of Loss I 'rex - >.!'.-n :> Royal Globe Insurance Co., Dallas, Tex.; A. Victor Aiinil. In., S-< r. l ov f : Manager, Gypsum Association, Chicago, III.; General IIovvauh i'.oor.isn\. * I--.,. Director-Secretary, National Slag Assn.. Washington, D. C.: Kevin Cai.i.xii v' . Nat: Concrete Masonry Association, Arlington, Vn.; Leonard R. Fuckeii. Direr tor of '< Kaiser Cement & Gypsum Corp., Oakland, Calif.; Roiieiit M. Korn, lYe-irl.-iil. by: jKJSjJBjlicstono Institute, Inc., Washington, D. C.; "Leslie S. Yoi.tz, Safety Engin- >-. v. ' P$Vi'*Slrria,s C0-' M'dwest Div., Hillside, III.: E. J. Wauixc'. I/ivorark . I (:**! ! !,r* fttjQalo, N. V; C. K. 'NYuj.iams, Salrlv Director, Amriiratt vilfc\ Ohio *<c (`ten. I i 000623 wtifics and Contexts CoiiwiiHcc-Vimmsr Mmyku, (Chairman), V. S. Hnrrau m! M ishington, D. C.; Cyril I. Malloy, Jm., Admin. Assistant. National Sand eml c. `tocintion. Silver Spring. Mil.; Genehal Hovvaiiu Eoci.esiov, Managing I':. ctarv, National Slag Association, Washington, D. C. I I'lir.hirniii:: CominiHer-Di mu i.t. M. Cornell, (Co-Cliaiiman, West), Safely Engineer, ] 'oi t him I Cement Assn., Chicago, III.; Lloyd L. Cash, Jii., Safely Director, 'flu; Georgia Marble Company, Tale, Ca.; Guv Moulds, Huron Cement Co., Div. National Gypsum Co., Alpena, Mieli.; Vincent Gallacuieu, Manager of Safely, Material Service Division of Crucial Dynamics Corp.. Lyons, ill.; Ilminer M. lloi.iiEiucn, Safety Coordinator, Staml.ml Malriials Div., Martin-Marietta Corp., New Voile, N. "Anew 'VtvNSOS, Director of Insurance ami Salety, Material Service Div. ol General Dynamics Corp., Chicago, 111.: "Leslie S. Volt/, Safety Engineer, Vulcan Materials Company, Midwest Division, Hillside, III.; W. M. Ho.ste, (Co-Chairman, least), Safety Engineer, Corps of Engineers, New England Division. Waltham, Mass.; J. Milton Duiiium, Safety Director, Martin Marietta Corp., New York, N. Y.; P. J. Juikie, Industrial Relations Manager, lhnnlaille Conslruetiou Materials, Ine., Morristown, N. J.; `Howard Hikkkxstahl, Man ager of Training and Safety, Alpha Portland Cement Company, Easton, Pa.; `Fred E. Stoucii, Director of Safety and Personnel, The Whitehall Cement Manufacturing Com pany, Ccmenton, Pa.; Hoy G. Stott, Mining Health and Safety Engineer, V. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.; John J. Sweeney, Safety Engineer, Bethlehem Mines Corp.. Stone and Slag Division, Hanover, Pa.; E. J. Waiiino, Laverack and Haines, Inc., DnM.ilo, X. Y.; Haliti Wray, American Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Baltimore, Md. Visual Aids Committee--"Leslie S. Volte, (Chairman), Safety Engineer, Vulcan Ma terials Co.. Midwest Div., Hillside, 111.; "IlowAitn F. Johnston, Division Manager, In dustrial Helations, The Huheroid Company, Bound Brook, N. J.; Hoiieiit T. Smith, Dravo Corp., Keystone Div., Neville Island, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Fni:n J. Roceiis, Manager, Administrative Services, Gypsum Association, Chicago, 111.; John J. McClelland, Na tional Crushed Stone Association, Washington, D. C.; Chaiiles C. Shf.lton, Vulcan Materials Co., Mid-East Division, Winston Salem, N. C. (:'<-Thc-Joh Safely Committee--J. Milton Durham, (Chairman), Safety Director, Martin Marietta Corp., New York, N. Y.; J. H. D. Brown, Asst. Manager, Accident Prevention Bureau, Portland Cement Assn., Chicago, III.; Lloyd L. Cash, Jn., Safety Director, The Georgia Marble Company, Tate, Ga.; Leonard It, Flieker, Director of Safety, Kaiser Cement & Gypsum Corp., Oakland, Calif.; Rov C. Stott, Mining Health and Safely Engineer, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.; Don It. Rossicnol, Dravu Coip., Cincinnati, Ohio Publicity Committee--Kenneth A. Cutschick (Chairman), Manager, Technical Services, National Lime Assn., Washington, D. C.; Cyril I. Malloy, Jr., AdmiR. Assistant, Na tional Sand & Gravel Association, Silver Spring, Md.; William Carter, Executive Di rector, National Crushed Stone Association, Washington, D. C.; John J. McClelland, National Crushed Stone Association, Washington, D. C. Trtiiiiiii" Committee--"Howard Rieeenstaiil (Chairman), Manager of Training and Safety, Alpha Portland Cement Co., Easton, Pa.; J. Milton Durham, Safely Director, Martin Marietta Corp., New York, N. Y.; "William A. Kipp, Manager-Safety, Universal Atlas Cement Division, II. S. Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; Gerald D. Raver, Logansport, hid. Long Uanpe Hiimimg Committee--"Garland E. Mioceue (Chairman), Safely Director, Superior Stone Co. Div., Marlin Marietta Corp., Raleigh, N. C.; "Francis W. Bush, Sr., Director of Safety, M. J. Grove Lime Company, Frederick, Md.; Howard F. Johnston, Division Manager, Industrial Relations, The Rnhcroid Company, Bound Brook, N. J.; "JIowaud Riefenstaiil, Manager of Training and Safety, Alpha Portland Cement Com pany, Easton, Pa.; "Fni;n E. Stoiich, Director of Safely and Personnel, The Whitehall Cement Manufacturing Company, Ccmenton, Pa.; "Anvil) Tihnson, Director of Insur ance and Safety, Material Service Division of General Dynamics Corp., Chicago, 111.; "Leslie. S. Volt'/, Safety Engineer, Vulcan Materials Company, Midwest Div., Hillside. III.; "p l J. WonSF.CK, Manager-Safety and Welfare, Lehigh Portland Cement Co., Alleul Pa. //iisjiitiifitj/ CiuinnifliT--Roiuavr J. Ciiomley (Chairman). Sail Iv Din-i o-r. b- ' Slag Co., Ynungslmvn, (Iliio; John J. McClelland, National Curb'd 1 Washington, I). C.; "Aiivid Tihnson, Director of Insuium < and S .(!>. Me. A 1 Div. of Cent ral Dynamics Corp., Chicago, III. Smniniilmii Coaill<r--'Cam.and K. Miovetti: (Chiiini.in), S iliTy 111-1 Slone Co. Div., Marlin Marietta Corp., Itnlcigli, N. C.: "I't:a: < r. V . M' n. ' of Safely, M. J. Grove Lime Company, Frederick, Md. ' I'rrumiil Protective Equipment Committee-- "Paul J. Voicnei;, Manager-Sab *y 1 J-oh/gh Portland Cement Company, Allentown, Pa.; Ronr.itr J. Ciiomi.ev. Sab l;, I if The Standard Slag Company, Youngstown, Ohio; Charles G. Shilion. Ynb w M Co., Mid-East Div., Winston-Snlcm, N. C.; C, Russel Mattson. Safety Situ-Tv' r . Corporation, Neville Island, Pittsburgh, Pa. itenilrers-at-Lmpc--"T. W. Jones, Vice President-Prodmlion, New Haven Tinn im. f New Haven, Conn,; Ivan F. LeGoiii?, Safety Director, Porilaml Cement A Chicago, III.; "Douse O. Seiule. Jn., The Standard SI;* (IniHpiny, 'N'tnii* *n, Vij.ff Representative--Edward J. Sedlacek, National Safely Co.... il, l:?`> N. Mi' biChicago, Illinois COOIL "Past General Chairman 1067 National Stifctu Congress pmhlems. Invite tlirm. seek limn, pel them In (innn to yon. lie approachable. 0. Have a trial period, followed l>v a care ful rc-cxaiuiuuliou liy all people concerned. Helpful Hints for the Successful Su/n irisor. The live roost important words ol a super- \i-or are, "I am proud of yon." Tim four most important words of a su pervisor are, "What is yonr opinion? Tlic three most important words of a su pervisor are, "If yon please." Hie two most successful words arc. "Thank you." The one most important word is, "Your. The least important word is, "I." I | OFFICES OF THE j CHEMICAL SECTION j NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL l?C7^n | Karr/ Chaiminn - IT T. Smith, Superintendent. Protection Division. Kniplovee 11-1 - i; Department, E. I. dul'ont tie Nemours & Co., Inc., Deepwater, N. J. | cc Chairman in Choree of I'ronram--C. M. Oi.son, Manager-Safety A- th -hh, Ji >h, I Chemicals Division, Hooker Chemical Corporation, Niagara Tails, N. y, jj nttmj-K. \V. Wilson, Manager--Safely Department, Midland Divi-i-m, Dow CL- iei -I jl C-mipany, Midland, Mich. i-' h "ulctler Committee--W. S. Worm (Chaimian) Safely Engineer, lles'-an h and D- :< l*-|r centDivision, Sun Oil Company, Mareus Hook, Pa.; W. 11. I,aoiii:uu.vs.-, Safely Dir- t-a. jl Texas Eastman Company, Longview, Texas j - -iirrfiir lleecloinnent Sub Section--L. C. Wi-rcrn (Chainnan), Safety Manager. It- s,- n - h S 'enter, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Mo.; II. S. Biiastki). Safely Oncidimlor, M- >- ij burp & Dolinin Research Laboratories, Rahway, N. J.; R. D. Poimi-.ii, Saf- lx Snpervi- j1 f-` onrch Laboratories, Industrial Chemicals Division, Allied Clmmi' al Oorp., M- -1 i 'i fivn, N. J.; Owns Kuiiias, Director of Health & Safely, Mallim krodt ( 'I'eutiCii! V, < ' t '-.Louis, Mo. L. jj : :iKvriiig Committee--J. S. Snypkii (Chairman), Rahway Safety Manager, Merck C< I !:c., Railway, N. J.; Mikp. Kiiikoiiian, Oirporate Manager of Safely A- Medical, Brine I l! U'Tisration, Chicago, 111.; J. II. Black, Hazards Control Ollicer, United Slate: Pul-lie ' Health Service, Silver Spring, Mil.; P. J. McDonoprii, Manager of I JlfS 1 Tf* M 'll. . 1 wmicals Croup, Olin Matliicson Chemical Coriioralion, New Yoik, N. Y.; E. N. Den:. 'cnsnltant, Safety and Plant Protection, General Electric Company-, K.-w York, \'. V : i\ F. Spi !>-( k, Director, Safety and Loss-Prevention, American Cyanainid Conn ; '''.line, N. J. . ji,., ji * Relations Committee-R. II. Scott (Chairman), Manager, Im|<H:il ittcllc-Norlhwest, Richland, Wash.; *J. R. Bollman. Head of Safely, 1'ioeter ' Cmnhl- vmpany, Cincinnati, Ohio; A. L. Ki.inc, Director of Loss Prevention, Olin Malle- m vniiral Corporation, New York, N. Y. i '"ff Aids Committee--A. P. Osri (Chairman), Corporate Safely Engine--,, Cliax. IT.- i Co., Inc., New York, N. Y.; C. R. Eastman. Safely Advisor, Mohil Chemical Ci.mpa ar York, N. Y.; J. V. Savt.iicool, Coordinator or Safely A l.oss prow ntinii. AH- d irmical Corporation. New York, N. Y.; J. E. Moiuuson, Safely Diroelnr, Houston CIi-m-I Corporation, Reaiimont, Texas.; J. E. Nichols. Director of Sali ty, HevnnMs f- ' ' `jpany, Hiclnnond, Vn. Health Committee--}). I. Kn.i \n\ M.D. ((,'liiiiiman), Medical Director, Texas Division. Dow Chemical Company, l'rcepoit, Texas; E. L. Alvawii, Supervisor, Industrial Ilyfiicne Service, International Harvester Company, Chicago, 111.; It. E. IIaxvkinson, Director. Division of Special Services, Employers Insurance of Wausau, Wausau, Wis.; F. A. Van Am. Deputy Director, Cilice of Occupational Safety, Iturcau of Labor Standards, U. ? Department of Labor, Washington, D. C. l i i Iniiral Publication Committee--K. I.kvi ns (Chairman), Director of Safely, C.-H. Douglas Aircraft Company, Santa Monica, Calif.; C. M acDiaiimid, Supervisor, l'olynu'r Corporation, Ltd., Sarnia, Ontario, Canada; W. C. Mt:.\r>i:, Director of Technical Servim. Hartford Insurance Croup. Hartford, Conn.; K. C. Hood's, Assistant Manager, Safety 4 Fire Protection, E. I. duPont lie Nemours & Co., Inc., Wilmington, Del. Mrmbcnhi)) Committee--\V. J. Rankin (Chairman), Division Safety Engineer, 3M Com pany, St. Paul, Minn.; P. C. Lamii, Safety Consultant, Englewood, N. ].; E. A. Nru', Safely Administrator, Resall Chemical Company, Paranms, N. J. Statistics Analysis and Safety Awards Committee--\V. A. Stakkovicii (Chairman), Directs; of Safely, Sherwin-Williams Co., Chicago, III.; F. E. Macaulay, Safety Sopc-mss. Wyandotte Chemical Corporation, Wyandotte. Mich.; K. L. McQuii.liin, Safety & In dustrial Medicine Coordinator, Eli Lilly A Co., Tippecanoe Laboratories, Lafayette, ImL R. M. Nr.Ar-.Y, Safety Engineer, Safetv Affairs Dept., Union Carbide Corp., New Y'or-. N. Y. Training Committer--h. D. Snioiri. (Chairman), Safely & Security Suircrvisor. U. S. Indus trial Chemicals Company, Tuscola, III.; Crown-: Ainiorr, Director of Safely & Servif? I'cnnsalt Chemicals Corp., King of Prussia, l'a.; L. Williams, Safely Director, Jclfcnr Chemical Company, Port Neelies, Texas Ofl-Tbc-Job Committee--D. M. Van Weems' (Chairman), Safety Coordinator, Stand-; Chemical Company, New York, N. Y.; G. II. MiiNTtn, Safety Engineer, Bristol Lnlrontorics, Division of Bristol-Myers Company, Thompson Road, East Syracuse, N. Y.; t Mims, Safely Engineer, Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio lilnealienal Liaison Ciuiimil/er-Americaii Chemical Society: *11. II. Fa\vi:i-:it (Chair'inn Technical .Secretary, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Wa*l- ington, D. C.; American Association of Industrial Nurses; Mns. M. E. Skaveii, It. \` Charge Nurse, Mobil Oil Corporation, Trenton, Mich.; American Society' of Safety Eni neers; A. H. Ciihistian'. Division Safely Engineer, American Viscose & Chemical Di visions. EMC Corporation, Philadelphia, l'a.: Manufacturing Chemists' Association C. G. Flkmino, Corporate Director, Safely & Plant Protection, Cclanese Corp., Chariot!- i N. C.; International Material Management Society; E. V. Clancky, Safely EnginOt- : Kodak Park Works, Eastman Kodak Co., Roelrcster, N. Y.; American Inst, of Clicinii : Engineers: "J. N. Romini:, Manager, Safety & Security, Research and DeveLprw" j Dept., Phillips Petroleum Co., Bartlesville, Okla.; Eederal Covernment Liaison: F. A. Vo j .Vita. Deputy Director, Ollicc of Occupational Safety. Bureau of Labor Standards, U. 5 j Dept, of Labor, Washington, D. C. j Xominotim; Committee--aJ. N. Romini: (Chairman), Mgr., Safely & Security, Rescue: and Developmcnt Dept.. Phillips Petroleum Co., liar tlesville, Okla.; "11. W. Raw J? J Asst. Supt., Chemical Engineering Division, Tire Travelers Insurance Co., ITarlfc ' Conn.: "1. J. 1'ii.miulos. Safetv Manager, National Distillers & Chemical Corp., N j Y \\ Y. ( uii-n e>omntuice-- K,. |\.. i.ummimx ; r .hairman ), Maiiayr, .! f' ly In-bi '-i -I Eli Lilly & Co., Iiidiaiinirolis, Indiana; 'If. II. I- aivom r, 'La niieal Sit til .... , Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Washington,. d. c; ; `C. ' ' Manager, Personnel Safety, Monsanto Company, Lindbergh R|< d., I .-;. Akisory Committee--aA. L. Conn (Chairman), Director of btdu si rial Diet-. r Works, Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N. Y.; S. M. Mai:( !u no: t ,'il - potato Safi'ly and Loss Prevention, Dow Chemical Company, Midi:, I. W -. t, : Ai.ins.sKii, Coordinator, Corporate Safely, Merck ik Go., Ine., ll:de.v Waj.i.alk, Senior Safety Engineer, Accident Prevention S< vt'"u. Indn . i-l 1: Kodak Park Works, Eastman Kodak Co., Roelrcster, N. Y. Staff Hcj>rcsentatii;c--J0UN Maiik, National Safely Council, I'.Y N. Mi(ago, III. G0(!11. Tast General Chairman IMPORTANCE OF PUS! COMTROf. 55th NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS Papers Delivered in (lie COAL MINING SE55IQNS COAL DUST ABATEMENT Importance of Dust Control....................................................... Henry N. Doyle 3 What the Coal Industry Is Doing to Control Dust................ George L. Judy 6 Dust Control and Other Safety Measures on a Longwall Face.H. C. Morton 9 Summary of Dust Control Activity.........................................James R. Garvey 12 MACHINE GUARDING AND SAFETY DEVICES Protective Cabs for Operators of Face Equipment............ R. M. von Storch 15 Power Cut-OfI Bars and Other Safety Devices...................... Joseph Taylor 19 Machine Design: Ventilation, Dust Control, Other Features. .A. Lee Barrett 22 HAULAGE SAFETY Underground Rail Haulage Safety.............................................John W. Hager 25 Battery Haulage Safety........................................................... ;.;.. L D. Ellison 28 Belt Haulage Safety................................................................. .. W. R. Park 31 Officers of the Coal Mining Section 1967-68...................................................... 38 Five Years of Future Dates for the National Safety Congress.......................39 Other Volumes in 1967 National Safety Congress Transactions........ Back Cover 2 By HENRY N. UOYI.E Assistant Chief, Division of Federal Employee Merdlh. i1 U.S. Tuhlic Health Service t One could dispose of the assigned topic in iary and phagncyl" s> stems, the : inn- very short order by stating that dust con the risk resulting from exposure !< vh- ` ' il trol serves two primary functions--disease dust and atmospheric pollution. prevention and explosion control. I would as Those of us entering (lie ,T(h end '!> d sume, however, since you have asked me to ndes of life represent the lii-.t run-' i':- . In discuss tliis subject that you arc anticipating lie exposed to a continuous complex !< .! ,:i- a much more philosophic treatment and, bo cause of my background, your interest is in 1 the health aspect. If we are to view this problem from, tin; philosophic viewpoint,, three factors must be logic contamination of the gem.ra' alum:phere, coupled with the almost tm<- <-> - >1 practice of smoking. Thus, it shml'! I no shock to realize that respiratory di .v s n assuming a more pmmmcnt place in th- o considered: The biology of man, our present lion's morbidity and modality pit' i". state of knowledge, and our social concepts. Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, m i t [onus First, let us look somewhat superficially at of lung cancer, and certain forms of - om the anatomy of the respiratory system. Man's live heart disease all result from dm >r - respiratory system evolved to handle a rela lion of particulate matter in lh" I*"..;-; l or tively pure mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, and those exposed to industrial dml. the Iv- "d the noble gases. However, to protect the is intensified ami extended to oil, a d! > lungs from the natural contamination of the such as pneumoconiosis and heavy <u> ' I atmosphere, such as wind-blown dust and poisoning. pollens, several protective mechanisms de Although epidemiologic evid'-nc" is tak veloped. The nose became prominent and ing, ohsci vntions tend to support ilw < m !u- was filled with many small hairs to serve sion that respiratory diseases other I1' " lh as a filter device for particles ns small as 5 classical occupational ones are more hr'|e'ul microns. The respiratory tract lietwccn the among workers exposed to industrial dost. nose and. the major branches of the lungs That massive dust concentrations mar a pro developed One hairlike structures which longed period destroy the natural il-fens-s of served to trap the dust particles and, by the respiratory system thus leaving th" l-edy means of a continuous upward motion, to .susceptible to infectious and nnn-inf"' duo : reject through the nose or mouth. Finnlly, diseases is no longer a debatable 'pm -lion. if a dust particle penetrates theso defenses, the lung tissues were equipped with phngotyte cells which engulfed the dust particle From ibis point on, we shall have to iji. fine our discussion to the classic: ! oivnpa- tional dust diseases since this is ma . and removed it from the sensitive nrca. where our epidemiologic teohimpirs am 'ul- Thus, man is equipped to live in an envi- liciontly sophisticated to demonstrate a < m ronmei't -which nature planned many eons sal relationship. Historically, this r-d-.:km ago. When the natural defenses of the res has hern known lry observation f >' n - piratory tract are broken down, the Jung I.OOO years. However, it has only h--n finally becomes a physiological dust trap. within recent years that we have Ira u aM> The miracle is that man can survive in to to place this relationship into l<iol> "i-: p> r- day's environment which is vastly different spcctfvc. It took the work of many itiv- tig honHhe environment which nature planned, tors to ultimately arrive at th" five r.nd 'iul us who live and work in an urban factors involved in the production of do ' in u constant insult and an overlnad- duccd diseases, allhnugh in rc'io-.p'x' respiratory system duo to nian's appear to he simple relationships. IT- II- '^Mination of the atmosphere. Supcrirn- factors are: poscq.fon the technologic contamination of |MU.osphere with particulate matter, man VwPjl insults his respiratory system by Mufflg which is known to destroy the cil 1. 'The size of the dust particle mol l -- such that it will penetrate th- -.e-mi- torv system--generally 11 -; Mi ni mi crons. 1907 National Safely Congress 000628 >| 2. The ilust imist contain a toxic compo nent; for example, silica or one of the heavy metals. 3. The concentration must lie sufficiently Croat to overcome the hodv's natural defenses. 1. The exposure must extend over a limp period of time. 5. All individuals do not react alike. Some have greater resistance to the disease processes than others or, conversely, less resistance. Only within recent years has this relation ship been taken one step further and devel oped into a mathematical one which says that given a toxic dust of loss than 5 mi crons, disease is then the product of time and concentration, or D (disease) = T (time) x C (concentration). The formula, of course, has several disadvantages, the foremost being that disease has no definable starting point and, because of tho factor of individ ual susceptibility, would apply to large r roups rather than to individuals. Given a large population and using an ar bitrary diagnostic sign as a reference, it should lie possible to develop a definable biologic relationship between time of expo sure and the concentration of toxic materials. If such a body of knowledge existed, it would be possible to inform a miner after x particle years of exposure that further work in the mines may endanger his health; that after x + y particle years, he has a certain risk of developing pneumoconiosis; and, after x -f z particle years, his chance of de veloping pneumoconiosis is almost 100%. I trust that the above will always remain in the realm of fantasy for the record-keep ing job xvould be stupendous. Nonetheless, we have come perilously close to such a system on several occasions especially in those areas where environmental controls were neglected. The formula D = T x C is generally used by the industrial hygienists in setting maximum allowable concentrations. Ideally, the product of T x C should be zero. How ever, under practical operating conditions, this is not possible. Therefore, time is fixed in accordance with man's normal working span and the concentration is adjusted in ac cordance with the relative toxicity of the dust under consideration. Thus, prevention of the dust diseases becomes a function of controlling either the time of exposure or the concentr i of the dust or reducing the production of the two to an acceptable level. The traditional method of control In the mining industry has been to limit the con centration of the dust by certain accepted procedures, such as ventilation and the use of dust suppressants such as water. A recent study of the Public Health Ser vice has demonstrated that a significant number of bituminous coal miners have a disabling respiratory disease commonly re ferred to as "coal workers' pneumoconiosis.'' Many questions remain to be answered espe cially regarding the etiology of the disease. That dust has a significant role in its etiology is unchallenged. Although a similar disease has been known in the anthracite industry for many years, a review of the literature would indicate that the prevalence of pueumoconiosis in the bituminous industry .war hot very great until about 1950. The signs and symptoms of the disease are so obvious that it is difficult to accept the concept that the apparent increased preva lence is related to improved diagnostic tech niques. Hoxvex'cr, the npparent Increase and prevalence may be related to tho increasing use of mechanical equipment underground. Unfortunately, very little data is available which xvould permit a comparison of-dust conditions before and after mechanization. It is possible that many con! mines may have readied the ultimate in dust control with existing ventilating systems and mine layout. To change cither of these factors re quires a large outlay of capital which possi bly cannot be equated with production gains. Thus we have reached the point where other methods of dust control will be necessary. Certainly the industry has no! fully explored what can be done through al terations in machine design. Coal cutting and removing machines were designed to obtain tire maximum tonnage in the shortest time period. Another design criteria needs lo lie added--with the minimum dust produc tion. All efforts to date liax'e been directed at reducing to a minimum the value of C in the equation D = T x C. The cost of accom plishing this reduction to an acceptable level may prove to be inconsistent with economic returns. Should this prove to be true, then efforts will have to he made to reduce the T factor in the equation. This can be accom plished in one of three ways: 1. By complete automation. 2. Limiting the work timo of triad employees. 3. By providing the undergrour, 7ypJ5liie jif air Ins a nu j'jw'er the^articlc m nbyr st with an artificial environment. between the weight of clRRfcposir-d : *.V> Complete automation does not appear to le feasible at this time although great strides are being made to reduce the number of men underground. For obvious reasons, the principle of job rotation to reduce exposure time has never been acceptable to labor or management. lungs and dis'-axe conditions x-.-Ii-.r.-;>; i-;. such correlation has bci.-n pu:;"'bk- , ..... tide number. In using the mss:: .'- method, dust evaluation ir much smqd-T i. l instrumentation permits the d< !e\r :Y-i' -o individual exposures. Most of |be ...,, countries are moving towaul a me.-: The provision of an artificial environment which will likely lie in the ningnilnd' of 1.8 bai tlie ring of an exotic method applicable milligrams per cubic meter of air. to the exploration of space. In actuality at tempts have been made to create such an en vironment by tho use of air filtering devices "Inch fit over (lie nose and mouth. Such do--' Wees, generally referred to as respirators, have certain inherent disadvantages such as discomfort, breathing resistance, and com munications interference. For these reasons, labor and management as well as the health profession have developed an inanity regard ing the potential use of protective equip ment. Only since about 1935 has ::o.:My t,, (\; : country recognized that it has a n -r;! ;|. ity to those who have developed du-t eases tlnmigli tlioir occupation. f.... t .* ,,... compensation was a shockin'; i m nl : many when it was first ndotio.d To the inadequacies of our first . .mn ...... . laxx-s for the dust diseases was iipp .Mi.-;: >o another three decades our present eo.,., , i of compensation may be viewed as an haw. European legislation which has eslnbli hr 1 the precedence for workmen's onion- o ala o It is difficult to accept the concept that a total life support system can he provided for a man in space but that we arc unable to ill the United Slab-s is tending lov nd . liberal benefits for v.oil ris v. i'li |.n, u--....... ins is. design a life support system for a man in a hazardous underground environment. It is possible that a major obstacle may lie urn unage of a coal miner. It is difficult to visu alize a coal miner looking like anything other than a coal miner. To accept him with |ho appearance of a scientist or n technician is almost au impossibility. The principle of pin tint (li ability t| established m most Western Europ-sui iv--.ni- tries. In the United Slab-s the - q. feelod by a dust disease is oftr n in !>,: j:, vorable position than a person di- d l.-d ! -. an accident or other occupational di-- -is.- *. In many of the laws tho tune limits '.at apply to the lenglli of ('.xposnic, to in-n-iu - . So far tills presentation has avoided n dis tation of the disease, and the filing of l-iur cussion of a hygienic standard for bitumi are too short to take into account tto- !.... nous coal dust. Such a value docs not exist maturing nature of dust diseases. in the United States for exposure to bitumi nous coni dust and until such a standard is developed, the C value in our equation has no signilicancc. l'rinciplcs for compensation of the do t diseases have tended to remain in - i'. . I and rigid pattern based oil know I-I-- dr : at least a quarter of a centuiv out n! dr.'o. Bituminous coal until recently was consul Such procedures have resulted in ri .... t'd a nuisance dust and, as such, the that are frcquentlv unfair to ho(h | :* r ACC1II value of 50 million particles for Rigid administrative reqmTomeo!; god '! cubic foot (MI'CF) xvas applicable. Epide concept of compensation for onlv tb t a dl- miologic studies have not been conducted in disabled lias doubtlessly been unfa:- to n o- the United States which would permit the workers with bona fide eases of oe>.mri!i-n--l establishment of hygienic standards for bitu pneumoconiosis. On the oilier bend, r m minous coal dust. Research in the European courts in an attempt to overcome a'.-d i ad countries tend to support a respirable mass ministrative limitations have pie' dd I . standard rather than one based on particles too liberal in their inh ipretalimix. per unit volume of air. The mass standard -hich expresses dust concentrations in mini s'21'1'1 of dust of less than 5 microns per unit It is my personal opinion lb;-t. neb- pneumoconiosis compensation la- ; an.......' cruized, we may face many ...... in- i. l"r)7 Notional Snfctj Congress 00062!! i'i. / nrYiriiiiKlr-i iii;i jirt ;iml f;jir Mslrm of cntnpuis:ition for the dust (h\c:i<rs. Some of llio factors wliicli need to l>r considered nrc: J. A lw Hit definition of those rlisease condiliuns which aie eaiiM'd hv the iuh;ilalion of dost. 2. l ull lecrjj'mtion of the delayed devel opment of the disease process. v ( oniju-nsalion pa\moots based on the d ;',iee of disability rather than radiol<rpr.il appearance. I. lumovnl of the last employer responsihilit y concept. In the last two decades our fundamental 1.now ledge of the dust diseases has pro gressed fin (her than in all of the preceding centuries. Despite this, the dust diseases contlime to he our most costly occupational dis eases in terms of morbidity and compensa tion costs. Thu greatest reservoir of pneumo(nniosis is in tin' hiluminmis coal industry. Despite these advances in knowledge, our preventive techniques have not materially changed in the last quarter of a century. The total elimination of this disease for which we have both the engineering and medical tools represents a great challenge to this profes sion. However, if the job is to he done, new concepts of prevention and control must be investigated. WHAT THE COAL INDUSTRY IS DOING TO CONTROL DUST By CEOItCE L. JUDY, Executive Vice President Bituminous Coal Operators' Association Jim emerging of mechanical minim: of coal in the United Stales, coupled with all the publicity today on air pollution, has brought the problem of dust control to the lotus of the mining industry's attention. This problem has been aeeentuated by lire appli cation of the more modem methods of coal recovers' by continuous and longwall ma(hinery and by the increase of rock drilling for roof holt installation. 1 he industry has recognized this situation with appropriate gravity and has taken steps to apply and advance the technology of dust contiol. In light of our present limited knowledge of the effects of inhalation of xarious concentrations of dust over long periods of e-posme, current control mrnsmes ap pear to ho successful. Should blither studies pros'c that lower dust concentrations arc nece-sary for a healthful atmosphere, the indus try will meet those standards by improving eiment control measures or by developing lieu (echoologv. Such studies arc now bring undertaken jointly by the United Stales Bureau of Mines anil the I'uhlic Health Service of the Depart ment of Health, Education, and Welfare with the cooperation of the mining industry. Representatives of the member companies and staff of the Bituminous Coal Operators' Association scr- (ficially as advisors to the government agencies involved in this project. Member companies are making available their facilities for dust surveys under actual mining conditions. The industry has. if for no other reasons than increased comfort and safety through belter visibility, applied a wide-range ol dust control methods and devices. Stronp.rc measures are being employed or testol where silica dust is involved or where bitu minous dust is created in undesirable con centrations. Silica dust is being controlled effectively by wet drilling or vacuum collectors used with rock drills. Improved cutting bits have simplilictl these methods of control and the aereplancc by workmen nf tbo use of respira tors generally lias been realized by the puls licitv given to the recognizable problem o! breathing silica dust. llock dust standards have been strength ened bv I lie lowering nf the allowable limit of free and combined silica content from 2-5 percent to 5 percent. Reduction of exposure In silica dust lias been helped by the em ployment of conveyor belts and rubbcr-tiinl vehicles for coal haulage and for man trips. All told, the industry has found and is applviug the means to control the silica dust encountered in coal mining. The problem of controlling coal dust is, on the other band, more complex, pri|S(58lcrinft site ribs with tl and is confused by the fact tlmt tlydmrtafli- - 1dower disclirtigc-.^^jy, ing of coal dust lias not been positively rec niminted mi the m i I lit ognized with respect to its contribution to liansling w itli iv p. i1 t. respitntovy or circulatory ailments. Constant Iloiv. elfort is being made to find means of pro ducing less dust in the mining operation and to abate, divert or eollret the dust that is piodm-rd. `Ilie most soplilslicat-'d m.'.ivnli.iu t r > > vironinentnl dust control is (||<breathing apparatus which is being ' 1 a major coal producer Inr me hi emo. ...... fa conventional mining, the use of prop erly situated high pressure water sprays, in which the uso tif additives is sometimes beneficial, has brought about a considerable reduction of dust at its primary sources in drilling and cutting. Water-filled l'VC bags for stemming blast boles, improved coal shooting techniques, and direct application of fine mist or fog sprays iiave proven effee- miner operators. I lie prol' t; pe d- i- i "e sisls basically nf a pnitabl" ei;,or- in.- st... vessel Inaeketed on the ma.bine P-; lhi xvith a heat exchanger and a qunh d; ncct-couplcd delivery hose to a Inc 11 mask fitted with a demand type regu); The quick disconnect and ."-foot I-u>ib - I hose give the operator freedom of m e o - ' and exit. tivc in abating dust at its primary source in blasting. Secondary dust sources such as loading and transferring coal also can be The portable storage vessels are JiRr-l . n tire surface from a blending tank intr v l ; ' liquid oxygen and nitrogen are fed in pi p < controlled by sprays, and roadway dust where a problem by welting or application of calcium chloiidc. One large mining company which began proportions. When charged fully to '! > p i. the vessels weigh 23 pounds. They ineeanr 7 inches in diameter and 23 inclu < in ! o-:i'i and are equipped with a pressure gan-"- >! an intcnsix-c study of dust resulting from control valve. conventional mining upon its introduction in the middle 1930`s conducted dust surveys which showed concentrations ranging from % to 227 million particles per cubic foot without tile use of water sprays during the loading cycle. With the combined use of wet drilling, compressed air blasting, "bug dust ing" units and sprays on cutting machines, Ollier methods of providing dost fn - aii at comfortable temperatures to ro-itin-m-r miner operators such as by lev-ru .m. compressors or sciubbers are being e pim- A. None of these devices lies had ml1!.b et t. ' to merit complete evaluation e.p-i i.iMv in light of tbo unknown degree of (Re phe I >. logical affect of breathing hilnnm'mv'. '.prays on loading machines and at transfer dust. points, roadway sprinkling and salting, and with normal ventilation, typical concentra tions in million particle iht cubic foot were reduced to M.29 for undercutting and shear ing, 9.25 for drilling, 9.49 for blasting, nnd in average of 7.89 for shuttle car loading, tramming anil dumping. This compares with concentrations of up to 20.3 mp/cf for handliuding operations in the same seam. Longwnll mining sometimes inlmdo- ; significant com eiilr.-ilinns of coal de l i s'- the air stream in which certain crow in.- n- bers arc exposed. Kncoui aging results in xm-. pressing such dust liv high-pressure infie-h a of water in advance of the long-.all I. have been experienced at the fin. of The Carbon I'tiel Company. . 1i-- Continuous mining normally results in the production of more dust and longer periods of operator exposure. Here, the methane lib eration rale frequently dictates the use nf auxiliary face ventilation with its attendant benefits of dilution and prompt removal of dust. Exhausting auxiliary ventilation sys tems are more inefficient and are less effec tive for gas removal, hut arc advantageous for dust removal in that the air current is Water infusion and other means </ v !ting and of collei ling dust do have the ' h tioual benefit of reducing the povahili1..- r dust being raised in the alinnspbere in e , Isive amounts. Aosiliniy w-ulilalieo, rwlicre dust call be efleclively collected o: H lilted at the end of the lulling, dues nut h r. this feature, and where it is necessary maintain high velocities, float dost vi'l ' carried for considerable dislan.'i':; in i-l.nn airways. away from the operator. This has been reme died in various ways, cither by use of both Sust and force tubing situated oil oppo Suspended float dust and pre-ipilal-. 1 -e: cumulations can be icmh'nil inesetn no the use nf liickl- dnspus v hi- l ,1 -r - 1967 National Safety Congress TM 000GTM -,r enough lock iln'-t into the return air stream to dilute the coal dust to an inert mixture. Tin's lias the advantage of continuous protec tion and obviates the need to reapply rock dust in back entries. Some coal dusts are paiticularly difficult to wet without the use of additives or in creased temperature to lower the surface tension of the water. The principle of in creasin'; the water temperature to improve "wettability" has been used with outstanding results by at least one. major company for special applications such as transfer points in tipples and in a long inclined surface convey or tunnel. 'They have found that steam jets at critical transfer points will suppress the dint elloctivcly through all subsequent trans fer points including final rail loading. There n, however, little encouragement that steam could be used practically in underground coal mines. Increased ventilation in the last open breakthrough and at the face is still the most common means of combating air-born dust. This is l.verly because of the close relation ship of methane and dust with respect to lln il lutes nl liberation (generation) and lltc necessity to dilute and remove them. Many mines circulate quantities of fresh air several limes the legal minimum through the last open hi'-nkllirniigh. Superior quality material fur line cml.iius is now available and is gain ing wider use in the industry for conducting air into the working place more effectively, further, the industry has endorsed the United States Itmeaii of Mines proposal to n-vi-e the permissibility schedule to require that boring-type miners be designed with a 2('0-sqiinie inch cross sectional area for ac commodating auxiliary ventilation ductwork. As described in a paper presented at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Mine Inspectors Institute of America by M. C. W. Connor, Jr. of United States Steel Corporation's Cary Division, a two-split ventilation system dcm loped in that division is being used to contiol methane and dust and to direct the dust generated at the face away from personnel. This involved development of a mining se quence in which a separate fresh-air split is coursed over tire continuous miner and diivclcd to the leturn peimiltiin; the mining of tv. n or three places on cycle. Tile system made moic effective use of lire ventilating current at the face by minimizing the use of line brattice and eliminating the need for shuttle cars to travel through check curtains. Maintaining the line curtain ahead of the operator is essential in order to minimize dust in his vicinity and promptly dilute and remove gas. Little has been done effectively in the medical fields toward the prevention ot treatment of silicosis and other respirator)' ailments. The "Aluminum Therapy" process involving inhalation of aluminum and alu mina dust as a counteractant which was de veloped by the industry-sponsored McIntyre Research foundation in Canada has largely fallen into disuse. This is partly because the foundation required those companies to which it licensed the process to employ tensive engineering controls to abate dtisl underground, and that these controls, in themselves, were found to he sufficient 'There is some amount of controversy re garding the methods and procedures for col lecting and precisely evaluating dust sam ples. The standard instrument used for years by tin- enal industry is the midget inipingcr. The midget inipingcr lias a sampling efficiency of 80-100 percent. Threshold lim its for mineral dusts arc based on impinges sampling, making the dust counts of such samples directly comparable. The United States bureau of Mines--Vnblic Health Ser vice dust study proposes to use other types of sample collection devices for both area sampling and for "personnel" sampling. Con current inipingcr samples will be taken in order to establish a basis for conversion ol the data collected during the many years ef industry study of dust concentrations. The personnel samplers will be used to determine the actual concentration of dust to which various occupations are exposed, at the breathing zone, over a full shift period. The experiment is expected to .span a period of several years before meaningful data can lie obtained for comparison with clinical studies of respiratory ailments of miners. In summation, it is apparent that coal dust can and in most instances is being controlled to tolerable levels; and that the industry i< willing to meet the challenge posed by stud ies designed to determine whether coal dust standards should lie improved. DUST CONTlP^VTiD trrhRR 5A^m) MEASURES A TQNGWAU. FACJM By II. C. MORTON Division Supt., The Carbon fuel Company, Carbon, Wnt Yi'-gioia f During the summer of 1963, along with very inefficient, since, the longwall veiii into j oilier officials of The Carbon Fuel Company, service, the mine has remained in an -.< 1 visited the longwall faces operating in iioinicully sound position. Eastern Associated Corporation's mines at Our longwall face started operatiii;; Man li Kopperston nnd Keystone. Our purpose was 2, 1961. On July I, 1967, the section lied to evaluate tbc system as a possible solution operated 1,575 shifts and laid po'd'ic a I to roof control and recovery problems in our 1,103,262 Ions of clean coal or TOO. lit 'mis No. 20 Mine at Carbon, W. Va. No. 20 Mine of dean coal per shift. Add about t'.O'.T In, b in die Eagle Seam and at that time had seam rejects and the total material hand!-! been operating for a little over two years. was'l,379,077 tons or 876 tons per shift. (V- The roof in the mine is composed of a crating time for these calculations inebid--:; strata of very' soft and unconsolidated shale all the time (lie mini! operated minus the which varies in thickness from twelve inches time the longwall equipment was minin'! to ten feet. This roof strata can be held very and lining set up. Considering the fait that well in entries with wooden headers bolted we have experienced several rather seii'-u: j to die top and timbered, however, when roof falls on the head and tail entries and on over 60 percent of the seam is mined by con the longwall face and suffered from n'V , ventional room and pillar methods the shale problems which slowed production, ve roof becomes hazardous nnd difficult to han at least not ashamed of those (ignres. dle. Consequently seam recover)- was low, Seam rrcoveiy as wo are pi,-m-iilly not over 55 percent, and the cost of produc ing is good. The first panel entries o- tion was about equal to the sale price. No. 20 driven in sets of three entries on 70-fl. r en Mine was about to fail and we were looking ters. The two rows of 51 ft. x 80 ft. chain for a saviour. pillars were left in lire: gob. While c.od no; 1 was greatly impressed with the longwall with these projections we worn lo:"-.<,in" system I observed at Eastern Associated 83 percent of the seam area between tin- boO Mines--it was love at first sight. I felt at off and barrier pillar. Now, wu are driving ! that time that the retreat longwall method had the potential of the most economical, (o-iservativc and safest method of mining coal. Now, after having been directly asso only two entries for development. The chain pillar between the entiii-s which is fill in I In- gob is only 17 ft. thick and 78 ft. long, . > we are now recovering 99.17 percent ol ciated widi longwall mining for over three seam area. Reducing the number of chain Jnd a half years, my feelings have not pillars left in llio gob to one row of very don dunged. pillars not only increased seam recovery bo' J Of course, the method has not reached the it also contributed to our success with ike | potential--it h;f< probably now only readied system by eliminaliug squc-zing In tin ! d a level of evaluation equal to the model "A" entry and on the tail side of the face. Ford in that line of excellent automobiles. As In my opinion, large non-yielding pillais v-c sang then, "Henry made a Lady out of left ill llie gol) behind (lie face and between Lizzy"--we now have something more like a tbc caved area and solid coal to be min' d on kdy in the line of mining equipment. the adjacent panel has been tin- piiiuigal ! No. 20 Mine is now operating three scc- cause of the failures in the retreat longwall tional units of equipment. In addition to the method of mining in most eases. 'Iluy wiM !bngwall unit, one conventional shuttle car also cause squeezing and humping in o'.Ir , uait is used for developing longwall panel seams," over and under, wle-n they an: mi, -I i fairies and one for mining areas of the scam in later years. j adjacent to old mine workings or crop and There have been mimrmns grin tin.' e >n : J property lines that cannot be fitted into the connected with the retreat longwall I longwall pattern. Although the development A lot of learning lias been nert-s-aiv -orI t ' is driving only two entries which is lot more is needed b-Tnm tin- v. o..: . l'JG7 tiational Safety Congress OFFICERS OF THE COAL MINING SECTION National Safety Council 1967-68 General Chairman--William Paiusi, Pittsburgh Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., Library, Pa. First Vice-Chairman--James Westfif.ld, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C. Second Vicc-C/ioinmni--Halvii Banks, Inland Steel Co., Sesser, III. Secretary--II. F. Weavf.h, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C. .Yeiofi "ter Editor-- Hayulun' II. Fhaley, Consolidation Coal Co., Morgantown, W. Va. Labor Representatives-*Ciiahles Ferguson (Chairman), United Mine Workers of America, Washington, D. C.; Alueut Pass, United Mine Workers of America, District No. 19, Middlcsboro, Ky.; Hex Lauck, United Mine Workers of America, Washington, D. C.; Leonard I'nakovicii, United Mine Workers of America, Dist. No. 31, Fairmont, W. Va. Bituminous Coal Representatives--A. E. Cofeland, Pocahontas Fuel Co., Div. of Consolida tion Coal Co., Pocahontas, Va.; Hobeivt Williams, Colorado Fuel & Iron Co., Pueblo, Colo.; Coy South, Bell & Zoller Coal Co., Johnston City, 111.; E. E. Quekon, Peabody Coal Co., St. Louis, Mo.; William Meadows, The Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Co., Sturgis, Ky. Anthracite Representatives--Coal Associations' Rejiresentativcs--Quinn Morton III, Execu tive Secretary, Southern Coal Producers' Assn., Charleston, W. Va.; Harry Gandy, Jr, National Coal Assn, Washington, D. C.; Ford Sampson, Ohio Coal Assn, St. Clnirsville, Ohio; Ceoiice TiiEvonnow, Bituminous Coal Operators' Assn, Washington, D. C.; Chejter Tiiuax, American Mining Congress, Washington, D. C. U. S. Bureau of Mines Representatives--Fnank C. Memmott, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Dept of the Interior, Washington, D. C. Mine Inspectors' Institute of America Representative--1\. D. Bradford, U. S. Bureau of Mines, McAlester, Okla. State Mine Inspectors' Representatives--Arnold Snowden, Ohio Div. of Mines, Columbus, Ohio; Houeut J. Mahrs, West Virginia Dept, of Mines, Charleston, W. Va.; Leon Ruff, Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals, Springfield, 111.; Dennis J. Keenan, Penn sylvania Department of Mines and Mineral Industries, Cresson, Pa.; A. H. Makdt, Kentucky Department of Mines and Minerals, Lexington, Ky.; Ward Padcett, Okla homa Depa> it of Mines and Mining, Oklahoma City, Okla.; II. T. Williams, Alabama Div. of Safely and Ins] Department of Mines and Miner;] Mine Inspection Dept, Denver, Virginia, Big Stone Cap, Va.; C mission of Utah, Salt Lake City, 000631 1$[| n, Birmingham, Ala.; W. DeIb^R't-.'-i v. i ^Moj^bJbf^a^ONAI.D Jf*Nffgl.'ol"r ,1" ' `I i. Wt JFSsTM'*MUi.fciNsV Div. Sta!- i f V.f, F. CiipNNitso Chairman,..TIic1iidir:lT':i! <\-n. Engineering Committee--Donald Mitchell (Chairman), U. S. Bureau of Mime. !ir.. burgh, Pa.; E. J. IIlinsky, WABCO, Goodman Division, Chicago, III.; S. i|. y, Jeffrey Manufacturing Co., Columbus, Ohio; C. A. Bailey, Applied llescaich Lalvrai . U. S. Steel Corp., Monroeville, Pa.; James Ei.kin, Durpiesnu Light Co., Coal |J. Pittsburgh, Pa.; C. B. Frellsen, Joy Manufacturing Co., Ftanklin, Pa.; la- is N. McNickle, Ilanna Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., Cadiz, Ohio; ('i.'m ; 1 Jesse, Semct-Solvay Div., Allied Chemical A Dye Corp., Tralee, W. Va.; Tom hi::.:. U. S. Steel Corp., Frick Div., Uniontown, Pa.; E. J. IIaiuiis, U. S. Bureau of Mines. Pittsburgh, Pa.; S. P. Polack, U. S. Bureau of Mines, l'illshnrgh, Pa.; W. W. Da: im Bethlehem Mines Corp., Johnstown, Pit.; Ralioi Kiikk, U. S. lturcau of Mines. !'ii:-. burgh. Pa.; IIarvey Younkeu, United Mine Workers of America, Disliitt No. F.h-.: hurg, Pa.; James V. Burgess, Madison, W. Va.; John Kati.ic, Enslrru Ass-eiit-d 1 t! Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. Entertainment Committee--Everett White (Chairman), Mine Safety Appliances Co., l'iu-burgh, Pa.; II. E. Mauck, Mountaineer Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., r-:,. mont, W. Va. Training And Visual Aitls Committee--IIaiiold Davis (Chairman), Coal Age, New Ved , N. Y.; S. H. Mooney, Woodward Iron Co., Woodward, Ala.; Mauiiick Finn.i n, I'mquesne Light Co., Greensboro, l'a.; Paul Budzak, Freeman Coal Mining Cere.., V I Frankfort, III.; Walteh Fleming, U. S. Steel Corp., Birmingham, Ala.; Julius O'.'.' n, Hanna Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., Cadiz, Ohio; George Kadie, Mcl/.m-l Imrn r Publications, Coal Mining k Processing, Chicago, III.; D. S. Kinci iiy, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa.; F. D. Baker, U. S. Bureau of Mims, Pittsburgh, Pa. Trogram Committee--Ward Stahl (Chairman), U. S. Bureau of Mines. Dept, of the In terior, Washington, D. C.; E. L. Baker, Lynch Dislriet, U. S. Steel Coni., T.ymh, !.T.; Charles D. Bowling, Scinel-Solvay Div., Allied Chemical & Dye Corp.. I nmu . ,.-, W. Va.; Paul Lingo, North America Coal Corp., Ohio Div., Powhatan Point. Ohio; John Reeves, Mid-Continent Coal and Coke Corp., Carbondale, Colo.; It. L. AT: i ;. Bituminous Coal Operators' Association, Washington, I). C.; Charles II. Mains. MmSafety-Appliances Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.; Lewis Ji.sai.oskv, Ilanna Coal Co., Db-. m Consolidation Coal Co., Cadiz, Ohio. Membership Committce-jAUZS Hurley (Chairman), North Americ an Coni Coip., O--. land, Ohio; A. J. Baiitlett, Southern Coal Producers Assn., Charleston, W. V.-.: Alex Kf.Leman, Armco Steel Corp., Coal Div., Montcoal, W. Va.; rC. E. I,i:;k: Island Creek Coal Co., Holden, W. Va.; Claiience Jesse, .Semct-Solvay Div.. Al'g'l Chemical & Dye Corp., Tralee, W. Va.; Dennis Frailev, Old IJcn Coal Coip., Benton, 111.; S. II. Mooney, Woodward Iron Co., Woodward, Ala.; If. E. Mauck, Mount 'T- i Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coni Co., Fainnont, W. Va.; Jesse Smrmim. IP..... Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., Cadiz, Ohio. Hw/ Control Committee--Francis It. Boyle (Chairman), Frick District, U. S. Steel <Tig.. Uniontown, Pa.; Paul Budzak, Freeman Coal Mining Coip., West F ' but. TU,; /9:T National Safety Congress John McCormick, U. S. Bureau of Minos, Pittsburgh, l'a.; E. K. Quenon, Peabody Coil Co., St. Louis, Mo.; '.V. S. McConnell, U. S. Steel Corp., Cary, W. Va.; EdwaBO Onuscheck, Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal Co., Indiana, Pa.; Emeiiy Olsen, Western District, Coal Div., U. S. Steel Corp., Dragerton, Utah; D. C. Jones, McLcan-Hunter Puhlicalions, Coal Mining & Processing, Chicago, 111.; Ciiaiu.es T. Holland, West \irginia University, School of Mini's, Moiganlown, W. Va.; `Joshua Smiiii, Eastern Association Coal Corp., Mt. Hope, W. Va.; A. M. SiiAi-r iai, Republic Steel Corp., Uniontre.en, Pa. r- i .'/i ity Committee--Rex Lauck (Chairman), United Mine Workers of America, Wash ington, D. C.; Harrison Gilmer, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C.; IIerdkrt Posted, National Coal Association, Washington, D. C.; A. E. Flowers, Coal Age, McGraw-Hill Publishing Corp., New York, N. Y.; Robert \V. Van EvEn.s, American Mining Congress, Washington, D. C.; George C. Lindsay, McLcan-IIunter Publications, Chicago, 111.; Waiuien II. Moss, Continental Oil Co., New York, N. Y. Off-Thc-Joh Safety Committee--Peter Ferguson (Chairman), Bethlehem Mines Corp., Johnstown, Ta.; W. R. Park, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Mt. Hope, W. Va.; J. J. Cemacii, |r., Virginia Div. (if Mines, Big Stone Cap, Va.; Carson Hinmns, District 28, United Mine Markers of America, Norton, Va.; Thomas Liddle, Westmoreland Coal Co, Stonega Div., Big Stone Gap, Va.; William Muncie, Bituminous Casualty Corp, Rocl: Island, III.; E. W. Lewis, North American Coal Corp., Ohio Div., Powhatan Point, Ohio. Contcst-Anard.s Committee--"Hanny Gandy, Ju. (Chairman), National Coal Assn., Wash ington, D. C.; Roiiert Vinks, Bituminous Coal Operators' Assn., Washington, D. C.; Bi n Lauck, United Mine Workers of America, Washington, D. C. Research And Planning Committee--"Woods C. Talman (Chairmen), U. S. Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, l'a.; `Andrew Hyslop, Jr., Ilauna Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., Cadiz, Ohio; `IlARnY Gandy, Jr., National Coal Assn., Coal Bldg., Wash ington, D. C.; `C. E. Linkous, Island Creek Coal Co., Holden, W. Va.; *M. F. Brennan, United Mine Workers of America, District No. 7, Hazleton, Pa.; `James D. Reilly, Hanna Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., Cadiz, Ohio; `Joshua Smith, Eastern Associated Coal Corp., Mt. Hope, W. Va.; `Charles Ferguson, United Mine Workers of America, Washington, D. C. f'ominating Committee--`Woons G. Talman (Chairman), U. S. Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; `Andrew HvsLor, Jn., Hanna Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., Cadiz, Ohio; `Harry Gandy, Jr., National Coal Assn., Washington, D. C. Staff Representative--Clinton H. IIoch, National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago. 111. 60611. Past Ccneral Chairman PLAN NOW TO ATTEND THE NATIONAL SAFETY GlIHORfiW OCTOBER 28-31, 1968 / CONRAD HILTON I10TEI, rn' Pi np The Congress is always a big week, a woithwhih v for the 13,000 safely people who nllcncl. At the '68 Congress you can ineel oilier safely pr op! > With the same problems and responsibilities as yourself. You can exchange views and ideas on accident pic">ution, health, hygiene, and fire prevention ... on s.-tf-.'.in industry, traffic, school, at home and on Hie f .iir,. You can see the largest of all safety equipment exhiNlat the Congress ... an opportunity for you to make informed buying decisions for your company. This four-day educational program, planned and pi", sented by the National Safety Council, can b- yom most thought-provoking, most worthwhile safety " i ~ rience in 1968. Make plans early to attend the 1968 Congress and britm the other people in your organization who have . responsibilities. FUTURE CONGRESS DATES 1968 October 28 31 1969 October 27 30 1970 October 26 29 1971 October 25 28 1972 October 23 26 NATIONAL SAFETY CCUJ M C I I 425 NOIITH MICHIGAN AVENUE . CHICAGO, II.UHPIS V '! 7067 Xntiona! Snjrtj Congress >1 itiii1111111 injury In employees; tn plumule ma-miteii elliciciicy: awl In effect sn\im'.s by pi'".< nlini; injiny Mini liy reducing interrup tions c.iuM'd I<y ccciipalinn.il accidi'iitx. The objective was followed by an nullim: ef 11 ii' 11>r I ^ nf nlil.iiniie! llie cljec li\e: I lie ell ii 11\i mi i i *1 lie' Accident I'i e\enl inn I'l.ul V. ill <!(|himI iipiin tin* pm ticipaliun anil i ii'.'pi ialinn nf mjim'.'1*1:1 ; : 11111 einplnyees nf (ill ' mill 11 Ini', ami 11I1 1 nnli.ii Ims i-ngnt'eil nn llii- pmjeel, ami llie 11iliit;iti(m nf tlieii* eflnils in enuring mil llie following basic pint ('(lilies: 1. rimming all work to protect against personal injury, property damage, and loss of productive time. 2. Main! lining a system of prompt detec tion and correction of unsafe practices and (niidilions. 3. Making available and enforcing llie rise of personal protective equipment and rnc1 linn il guards. 1. Establishing an cflectivc system of tool and equipment inspection and maintenance. Establishing an educational program to insure t'10 interest and cooperation of all em ploy ees 1111 < Micti: A. IViMiiinl evmiple and salelv contacts. II. Instruction in safety icquircmcitts and insisti nee 011 compliance with such requirements. C. Safety meetings. D. E.licctive use of bulletins, posters, or oilier safely literature. 1'. Investigation of all accidents to de termine llieir cause and promptly tak ing the corrective action to prevent their recurrence. 0. l'.acli contractor's and sub-contractor's principal supervisors shall obtain a copy of and shall comply with the Indiana Safety Code for the Construction Industry, and rides and regulations applicable to tin* work pel formed liv each employer on Ibis proj- ( ct." Following the outline of six methods to gain the objectives, the responsibilities nf the chief project engineer: the safely cooidiuatnr: the contractors and sub-contractors; and the job foremen are outlined. 1 lie chief projett engineer is responsible for the entire plan as 1 bare outlined it to tlii- point and, in addition, must appoint a safety 1 oct'diitalov, aullioii/.iug him to cnfmec safety measures mid to recommend tin ii ' ive action v. lieu .sub-standard prac tices and conditions are oli-nm il. Tin* responsibility ol llie safety cooidin.1tor is l(i follow all phases of the plan ns they have been oiillinril and in addition maintain adequate records. The responsibilities nf tin* contractor and siib-ronli actor an*: I. (toiiiply witli all pnoi-ions of the Acci dent I'rcvc'iitimi I'l.in, including attendance al and pailieipalion ill salely ineelings. Appoint a qiialilicd lepie-.eiiliillvo with full autlimity to act on all uiatleis relating to the Accident I'revention I'lan. 3. Flan work to protect against personal injury, property damage, and loss of produc tive tinre. 4. Cooperate with the project safety coor dinator. 5. Comply with the requirements of the Indiana State Code and all other codes relat ing to his operations. 0. Provide to employees and visitors all personal protective equipment required by the exposure and enforce the use of such equipment. 7. Insure that prompt first aid is adminis tered to an injured employee and transport him to lh" project clinic or as otherwise di rected by llie clinic. 8. Comply with all required accident re porting procedures. The outline of the job foreman's responsi bilities include: 1. Setting a good example for the men. 2. Instructing in safe work practices and work methods. 3. Use of proper protective equipment and proper tools. 4. Checking for unsafe conditions and practices. 5. Completely investigating accidents to determine causes and taking all necessary corrective action. 0. Promptly completing required Accident lb-ports. 7. Holding meetings with men. The limns JIarhnr construction supervi sion and safety personnel are continually in the construction areas and insist on strict compliance with the Accident Prevention Plan and the "Cencral Safety Hides for Con tractors''. 'i'he fact that the Hcthlchcm Steel Corporation provides workmen's compensa tion and gi'iieral liability insurance to cover approved contractors mi the project greatly enhances enforcement of the- safely program by lletlilchciu and compliance with the pro gram by the contractor:. 000633 Weekly safely meetings ;i the craft union stewards, ennunittecs from tlu-se mecti },- r . - -V "lyhfil'ou )'................. with plant protec tion and sa; '' 'k^AftMi^^'aiy^ ehbpeiati'iii '-11 P personnel of the Burns Ifarl 'd r r-xcisllchl. Onk- ii*11 llior assist in the rninplinneo by rill contrac have af time:, ollirt th:oi firm I' niiiet- : tors toward llie df-arril goal of iiiariimiiii nqoiu',1 to hiing tin: -nlilv |i.... safe working conditions. into line, 'llie aid nf (lie ptni b. icg IViindieallv, llie business ngenls for llie tin ill is rnli lr.1 v. 11 - tin- in 1 t Hull': male salely Into:: ol llie eoiistinelioii lectin* ai linie. Ii.iw I- cm ii- - it-, 'liras with mcmhcis of the construction and procedure lias been ow.l (III-. live. safety departments pointing out various cun- Our program is not iinli! c 1 >s11. : 1 . structivc improvements to further improve in the eonstriielion iiidusliy, ha- ini' 111- the program. mou denominator of planning, met! Considerable time is spent working with the A.F.L. craft union safely representative to insure n mutual understanding that, for a, safety program tn be effective, requires llie cooprrnlion nf holli management mid labor. Without the complete sincere support of tlm cnmmnnienlion. and follow Ihrongh : panied with dedicated haul 'anil; .-n 'Iof each individual on llm ril*-. Wo n'l implement our piogram with cnllm a directness of purpose elimiiri'i fee" and (lie allitml" "w ' ill I... ' problem later". OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PN TNI: INDUSTRY By FKED OTTOHONI Senior Industrial Hygiene Engr., Bureau of Occupational llodlt.. California Slate Dept, of l'ubliv Health, lleik.-b y, Calit. Occupational health in the eonstriielion industry is a subject that lias not yet rc("iyed any real interest or attention in Iho k niled Stales. Arlirles appear from time to lime in the American lileraliire on a specific health hazard, such as lung cancer in nslrcstos insulators, or lead poisoning In painters. Other than a few papers originating in Cnlih'riiia, where a start has hern made on the Imat, 1 esc, and dust problems of heavy o'lnipment operators, almost nothing seems to have been written on the present health 'tilus of the individual crafts or on the over all health problems or needs of the industry. This lack of interest ami work is signifi cant. Either there are no problems in llie in dustry worthy of mention, or there is nil app.allmg lack of some vital ingredient which is necessary for stimulating the growth of a ystcmalic Interest in the health nf more than four million American workers. 1'irst, lets define "oecupational health". The term has been so leoselv used over the last few years that intelligent di--11 i llie subject lias been dilficu!l. .`mior 1 interpret it tn mean everything lin e finger to llie social well Iv ing ol l| iiinn's family. l*`or our piuposcs b- ever, oeeupalinual health nii an; Ik- i- tiun of work-caused disease and d> a! i! control of the work euvimnineu'. -i where both labor and iiiniingi nr 1,1 Ii dear responsibility lor ole.crval'ov. 1 sion, and lia/ard control. This d - * (' 1 -. i: * quires parlieukir meaning who en: 1 that the majority of owupation'd die a not curable; lliey are onlv picvc, hive coii- lusions lire einri-.,l |c studies of oeeiipatiooal li";iltb pn-I I-1 llie construction indu in' We |, , ! |,. fmtdaiiii'iilal, if progress is to N- t)!. are llie result of nrailv lire yo.ns el e! lions ill California. Tie v dime il-Mi : till- laek of interest. the lad: ef 1 , , 1, tin- laek of action that brut . is mogni "d tb it the imi:' " li 1 .! J%7 Xiitional Safrlij Congress %! on<lnn pressing safety problems in the industry m.IV. ill purl, be responsible lor submerging any conceited interest in health i>i<>l>lvms. While no attempt is made here to detract from the important responsibility for acci dent prevention in the industry, it is time tii.it programs in work-induced disease pre vention begin to receive tlic attention they deserve. High accident frequencies cannot, by any stretch of the imagination, justify a lack of interest in healthy working condi tions. Our first conclusion--there is a basic need to recognize that construction workers are now suffering job-induced diseases and that new diseases will cnicigo with advancing teelni ley. To tire casual observer or even a member of the industry itself, it is reasonable to be lieve that occupationally-induced diseases in construction work arc not a problem. The crafts have long histories of working out doors in the fresh air with hammers, shovels, and other tools which have in the past tradi tionally presented safely problems, but not health problems. A look at the Federal or State health sta tistics appear to support this concept: not because there is a lack of problems, but be cause neither the Federal government nor the states--with the possible exception of California--keep any statistics on the sub ject. When no disease is reported, it is natu ral to conclude that none exists. However, what appears as no problem is, in reality, no information on the problem. Experience in California supports this con clusion. In recent years, physician's reports of occupational diseases among construction workers have been coining into the State Health Department at approximately twice die average rate for all California workers. Since 1949, when recording began in Cali fornia, this rate has been continuously among the three highest of all the major in dustries. The diseases involve the skin, the lungs, systemic poisonings, hearing loss--es sentially the whole range of illnesses nor mally believed to lie in the exclusive prov ince of factory workers. Fit' 1 investigations suggest that more is to come. For example, an estimate based on hearing tests conducted at construction sites by fully-qualified audiologists indicates that some 20.000 heavy equipment operators now working in the state have permanent noiseinduced hear'"'' loss. The trend toward larger, faslrr. and more powerful equipment, worker in mind. The factories^ designed without consideration for the Ion);, critical industrial health pro! CXltlf?onfcirno4\ lei hi health of the operator, is expected to intensify this hearing loss problem. It also 19lh and early 20lli ci-nluriej where the interest, the rese LLlifcSlfWi'iV d i" ",l "' 1 ilurS'Paying tn< mlUT* lor s' ; < expected to introduce silicosis for the first money has been invested. The emphasis $13,000 yearly total Irndg-t will u time as a disease of the operators of dozers, today, although comparatively small, is still more than a fraction of the i-onutii I" power shovels, and front-end loaders. on the factory. As a result, the standard con Icms, and that fraction will be f:u The equipment operator is not alone is trol methods available in all the textbooks, iented. facing these health hazards. The recent re placement of the plasterer's conventional ; trowel with a spray nozzle has introduce! j serious hearing loss problems insofar as tin plaster guns that vve have measured arc con cerned. Further, the gun application of as- : bestos-containing fireproof coatings continues : without control and without concern. Yet data coming in regularly from studies of 1 men working around asbestos dust leave very little doubt that the gun operator ani other craftsmen in the area are being sub- . jeeted to the risk of asbestosis and lung can- j ccr. There are many more examples. Plastic I adhesive and surfacing materials have made 1 life an itchy nightmare for the tile setter and the cement mason. It is important to realize that much of this skin disease is accompinied by a permanent allergy to the epoq resin hardener used in the process. The slightest further exposure to the hardena : brings on a repent ease of the itch and the man is permanently disabled for any furthn work with the plastic. ventilation, isolation, enclosure, substitution, and personal protection, are organized to make practical and economical sense in a factory setting. The factory hand works for the most part in a fixed location. Exposure is repetitive and predictable over a long period of time. Utili ties are available and control methods can Ixs designed, tested, and finally built-in as part of the company's long-term capital Invest ment. It is not unusual to see n $20,000 ven tilation system built into a plant to protect 10 or 15 welders. But look at the welders on the construc tion job. In a lifetime, each will have done about ns much work and generated as many fumes as a factory welder. However, the control system here is non-existent, because the control methods in the textbooks do not make practical or economic sense on a con struction job. Factory spray painting is done in a venti lated booth, according to the books. Since n booth would cost too much on a construction job, we scratch our heads and spray paint- On this basis, it is unlikely that tin - uid.-ly subsidized work that went into helpin' industrialist to understand his prol I-;> id to custom-tailor his environmental un-'irl will he available to the construction n!i-: try'. The facts arc that the responsibility for providing a reasonably healthy place to wre.': lies directly with construction labor, re- I construction management. The need for environmental standards is growing with each day. Noise olh.-r:: a Iheexample: Heavy equipment, trucks, compres sors, chain saws, jackhammers, .and a wide variety of power hand tools nre producin'' hearing loss that Is reaching scandalous pi-i. portions. There are choices. The individual contractor can hire an accousties expert mi-1 modify these tools at his own expense. A; another choice, lie can attempt to slid! r pings in his men, a method that v. ill be :! no practical value on a construction job, one that will probably reduce prnilucli-. il; . A popular alternative is to do nothing retd let the Insurance companies woriy about i'. Another example involves today's welder. 1 anyway. The sensible solution is to collectively There was a time when very little except or- i Dust, noise, heat, and nlmost any health write a set of performance standards for dinnry steel was found on a construction job. problem is controlled by cookbook methods power equipment. These cart be \x t<t An unprotected welder could work with very in the factory'. The cook hook doesn't work for right now, from knowledge at band, and little hazard from fumes. Alloys arc changinj construction, so we live with the problems would specify maximum allowable nois in this. For instance, inhalation of the fumes and hope they will go away. tensities at an appropriate given dlsVm- from manganese steel will produce an illness It is now critically necessary that we ac from the equipment. Tim tool inatmfe.'stu -- which closely resembles Parkinson's disease. cept the fact that a construction job is not may have difficulties at first. But their engi Consider also that nickel, cadmium, vans- ' the same as a factory job, and that the fac neering and research departments are avail ilium, and some other metals are toxic by in- i tory hazard-control cookbook--although free able and in the best position to control low halation. -is not applicable. ing loss at the lowest possible cost. It is dear that the pick and shovel ase A third conclusion--we must begin to de Adequate labelling also must be vee.Ti gone, and along with them went the fresh velop our own occupational health stand ered. Very few of the materials capable ef air and the iron man. The construction in ards. causing eye, skin, or lung problems rm-li as dustry has entered the era of machines and The golden era of occupational health in plastics, paints, welding rods, duxes, sol chemicals, and it should recognize this. the United States ended in the mid-1950's. vents, lubricants, etc., base useful war-doe A second conclusion--it must bo recog The movement which began in the 1930's labels when they reach the construction s>!c . nized that the methods which have been de and provided wide knowledge of industrial This has two negative elfeets, in addition veloped for the protection of the factory diseases and excellent textbooks is slowly the potential for injury. First, even tig* in,c'- worker may not be feasible on a construction dying. The Federal program is small and ested men cannot find out lmw- to pi-n -' job. without legal authority. State programs not themselves. And second, if tig- material d> : Most of the occupational health literature only have been declining in manpower, but cause a problem, tin: men have no 11 -a: in and practically all of the preventive method) show little interest in the construction indus formation that might he useful in scl-e lire' - in use were developed with the factory try. The traditional standard-setting agency less harmful product for the next job. mr Wationnl Safety Congress '! his is pnilinil.nl>' dramatized liy llie espeiienoe of the cement iimsons, where Inliels are often so vague as to make it impossible for tliriu to determine whctlier the surfacing material they are expected to apply on a pniliciilnr job is a dermatitis-causing epoxy, a hionchospasm-eaiising methane, or a rclatix r!y safe pul) ester. The noise and label problems are slraightfeiv. ard. They follow the textbook closely. Others may not be so simple because of the mobile nature of construction work. Solu tions to these will inquire imagination and money. Ideas from the space program are sme to be useful and we expect to see ex ploitation of the controlled individual onvinminent in the form of air-supplied suits for plasterers, cement masons, and welders; and air-conditioned, noise-and dust-tight capsules for he v- equipment operators. Standards, once set, can make these easily accessible at mass-produced costs. The logical approach is to accept the re sponsibility and begin to develop some standards that can be put into contracts and equipment purchase orders; otherwise the industry faces attrition of skilled manpower, higher compensation costs, hazard pay, and if (lie problem gets bad enough, the inevita ble application of the ill-fitting industrial cookbook to these construction jobs. A fourth conclusion--records and statistics must be kept. 1 repeat, health information on working men is scarce. This is particularly so in the construction industry because even the infor mation that is obvious in a factory is clouded by the nature of construction work. A factory is a relatively permanent envi ronment. Jobs acquire reputations: they smell; old timers get lung disease; this or that chemical will make you sick if you in hale it. This is epidemiology in its most primitive form, done without the help of the professionals or the government. Neverthe less, it is very effective in discovering dis eases and developing control methods. Contrast tin's with a construction job. The office is often a house trailer and a single craft is not likely to be on a given job for more than a year. Wlio now is going to do (lie pidemiologx ? Work-induced health damng suffered by a eiaft during the course of a single project very easily passes without notice. It is not until a series of such projects --and years--1' - passed that disability is marked enough to prevent further employ ment. At this point, cause-effect relationships are obscure. No single event can be held re sponsible, and the work force lias a few less craftsmen. If by some chance the illness is recognized as work-induced, the last em ployer may be bold responsible for the entire cost of compensation. This is no solution. For example, earth mover operators have long suspected that somehow spinal prob lems are connected with their jobs. Tliis may or may not be so; there are no statistics. It is hardly possible that all equipment operators are born with bad backs. It is most likely, however, diat the vibration and bouncing on some types of scats on some types of equip ment arc causing spinal damage. Unless it is known, first, whether or not operators u* truly suffering spinal problems and second, exactly which machines and what conditions arc responsible fur the problems, prevention of "back trouble" will be impossible. With computers now available, it Is feasi ble to record the pertinent details of every job, every illness, and every death for evenman working in the construction industry. This should be done by every craft union, with the cost shared by the employer. Rou tine computer output will then tell us whether painters die young, or equipment operators get silicosis, or plasterers get em physema, and whether the lung cancer that has been found in asbestos insulators b being controlled or not controlled. A fifth conclusion--uniform, reasonable regulation must be insisted on. Competition is very real in construction. In fact, it appears to be so fierce that it often is cited as the justification for poor health and bad safety practices. For instance, the question ns to why water is not being used to control dust on n given haul road very often will bring the reply that this is highly cnniinciitlahlc; however, "it was not included in the job estimate because the compctiiio: never includes such tilings, and in order la bid tlio job successfully it was necessary to dispense with the water wagons". This is a standard answer for many prob lems. Its effect is to penalize the legitimate contractors and to make the natural groult of healthy working conditions next to impos sible. This fanatic interest in cost-reductio: seems to be eroding the few existing health standards accepted by the industry. For example, everyone knows that a sand blaster should wear an airsupplied hebnot nt '..IV! Ir\" j :e This has been accepted without question for decades. Yet during the last year the writer has seen five construction jobs where sand mailer how legal, neilher inner " r V ; ? ' make (liexel exhaust heller In mi" ff......... to inhale. blasters were working. They all religiously wore the proper helmets--but not one had 3ii sir-supply hose connected to the helmet! Apparently the air supply isn't being figured into the bids anymore, even though it is still in the law. Diesel engines in underground construc tion are an example of long-term, legal ero sion. Diesels were allowed underground only after long study and, finally, the setting of rigorous standards by the Bureau of Mines. These included specially designed engines, matching exhaust scrubbers, and ventilation The competitive indueeme'it In 1 money by shaving health and sah1;' e ; need not continue. Cood npph'v'.ll" a i arils', as they me developed meb-r *.-1dii.d conclusion noted above, eao he made : p.oi of all construction contracts rue! a'l lah; management contracts. In tins v ay. In ibh' working conditions will he officially .: i> ;. nized as a legitimate cost of doim'. l ieand the loll will be paid in dollar:: by :h buyer of services rather than in the h": 'th and longev ity of the craftsmen why piev- I : them. rates based on numbers which accompanied tbs vehicle from the manufacturer. Competi-i live progress over the last 20 years has led to the erosion of standards and the acceptance of any diesel vehicle with a. home-made scrubber, and ventilation rates based on air The construction industry has a he .1 nr -hidden and pressing occupational hiahh problems, with more to come. For I hr t term future, government rescue does net seem possible and a serious anil planned ef fort by management and labor is ):'!!' sampling methods that have not been proved needed. tellable. The engineered and tested stand ards and safety factors prepared by the Bu reau of Mines arc being forgotten. All hough a few contractors still use Bureau of Mines equipment, continuous pressure from the in dustry has eroded the minimum standard. One thing is certain; eroded standards, no The construction industry has i-nji-y r--* and become addicted lo the privilege:; ei hard work anil fresh air. Change is always d;l'i- cult. But one way or another, like il or i">l, the technology that we are using to eh oa the face of the earth will, In tin- lone change us also. IVH7 ,\ dtioii/il Safety Congress ramrs me different, Following tlie ilirrctinns id tlie manufacturers in mixing and applying these chemicals is tin- safest policy and will give the most effective results. The person in charge of the program should he well acigi.iinlrd with the terms used in the recom mended instructions and familiar with lire eipiipinent provided to do the job. Hi) knowledge must be thorough and accurate, for according to the old saying, "It's better to know nothing than to know somethin; that's not so". OFFICERS OF THE CONSTRUCTION SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 'iWW-'' ' fa .vs 00063K \ | Cencral Chairman--T. S. McKosky, Supervisor of Toolhouscs, Bethlehem Steel Curp., I Bethlehem, Pa. * Vice-Ceneral Chairman--*VV. G. Bryson, Safety Director, Tidewater Construction Corp., I Norfolk, Va. General Secretary-- J*Frederick II. Deec, Mgr., Accident & Fire Prevention Dept., Ann r- ican Mutual Insurance Alliance, Chicago, III. Assistant Cencral Secretary--*Fiied A. Hornsey, Jn., Product I.ine Manager, Minn Safety j BAupildpilniagn--c`eBs rCoon.s, oPnittsAb. uCrgohl,eP, a(.Chairman), Sa' 'fely Engineer, Engineering f.- Ccnsiru- lien Div., Koppers Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, l'a.; Charles F. Suariiii.i.. ( \'m < -(Ihaiini.in i. DIAVsIsSisIOtaNntSChief Engineer, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Chicago, III.; Jtai.1 rr An.vu Safety Engineer, Miller Davis Co., Melrose Park, III.; Ralph \V. Armstrong, Supervising Engineer, Engineering Div., The Travelers Insurance Co., Hartford, Conn.: I.Ioiin D. Bonham, Supervising Engineer, Joyce & Co., Chicago, III.; Charles \V. Borden. Jr-., Manager of Safety, Ccco Corp., Chicago, III.; Henry V. Carvii.l, Safely Director Insurance Manager, Henry C. Beck Company, Dallas, Texas; Paul H. Connem United Brotherhood of Carpenters At Joiners of America, Washington, D. C.; W.u m n C, HAncnEAVES, Safety Director, Fruin-Colnon Contracting Co., St. Louis. Mo.; II. F. Huber, Safety Director, Beacon Construction Co., Boston, Mass.: Norrkrt I. Ilvv-u, Safety Director, Associated Cencral Contractors of Creator Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wic: Frederick M. Livincston, Jii., Safety Director, Turner Coiistrueli.in Coiupanv. York, N. Y.; Roiiinr D. McCall, Manager of Accident Prevention, Con.lmiliuii ledu .try Advancement Program, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Hucii J. McRae, Asst. Secy. Budding O n'-li'" - tion Employers' Assn., Chicago, 111.; Francis L. Otto, Construction Specialist. Office of Occupational Safety, Bureau of Labor Standards, U. S. Department of Labor, Wash ington, D. C.; Alfred L. 1'eiiini, Jn., Safely Dir., Perini Corp., Framingham. Mas,; Richard E. Sciiiioedkii, Director. Home Office Engineering .Services, Ainericim Mutual liability Insurance Co., Wakefield, Mass.; Donald W. Stilwell, Jr.. Safety Supervisor, Tlie Ceco Corp., Chicago. III.; Gene Wasseiiman, Safely Director, Wexicr Crmstms'imi Company, Inc., Newton Highlands, Mass.; |,RonEivr A. Wendell, Chief, Safety Ollic?, U. S. Anny Engineer Division, South Atlantic, Atlanta, Ca.; Tack W ilkinson, Piiei t>-r. Education, Welfare Ac Safety', Laborers' International Union of North America.-AFL-CI' >. Washington. D. C.; Erwin N. Ziner, Project Maoagcr, Ccurgc B. il. Macomb-r (Allston Station) Boston, Mass. Heavy--`Dan C. Christie, (Chairman), President, The Christie Co., Sacramento. C-dif.: James R. Milor (Vice Chairman), Safely Manager. It. K. Feigusou Cleveland. Ohio; 1'Geoiice E. Aho, Safety Engineer, United Engineers and Cnnslructms. !i:c,, Philadelphia, Pa.; John Barker, Safety Supervisor, The Ralph M. Parsons Co.. I.ns Angeles, Calif.; Carlyle F. Bunn, Chief, Safety Branch, U. S. Army Engineer Di-i i-1 ""Tisns City, Kansas City, Mo.; C. M. Cahill, Safety Engineer, Massiunn Constnivlion ., Kansas City, Mo.; Fred S. Cameron, Safety Supervisor. Ebasco Services, Inc., t,v York, N. Y.; Jack Chamoers, A1 Johnson Construction Co., Minneapolis. Minn.; Vyne L. Christensen, Insurance Manager At Safety Director, The Rust Engim i ting .. Pittsburgh, Pa.; Jack R. Duncan, Director of Industrial Relations. Tanner Rm;. 4^ ^contracting Co., Phoenix, Ariz.; |Neii. E. Caiuier, Consultant, Hinsdale. III.; v. F. HArcrove, Safety Engr., Engineering Design and Construction, Tennessee Valley An- `Sority, Knoxville, Tenn.; W. M. IIoxle, Chief, Safety Office, U. S. Army Engineer 1 >iv., jjw England, Waltham, Mass.; D. F. Huddleston, Senior Accident Prevention Olle >. Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario, Toronto, Out.. Canada.; 1 vu F. J JJlniman, ^ Construction Specialist, Employer* Mutuals of Wausau, River Forest, 111.; (.i.AVion C Kilpatrick, .Safety Engineering Supervisor, Port of New York Authority, \\oriel l rude Center, New fork, N. Y.; A. It. Klasiiak, Manager of Safety, HunkinConkey Construction Co., Cleveland Ohio; IIowaiid S. Latiiam, Chief Safely Engineer, Bureau ol Iteclamation, Denver, Colo.; Dale Maiui, Vice Pres., Safety Director, G|)crating I.ngrs., Local Union 3, San Francisco, Calif.; ItomaiT J. Massman, Safety Engineer, Massman Construction Co., Kansas City, Mo.; C. Russell Mattson, Manager, Accident Prevention, Dravo Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa.; William I). Monenv, Chief Safety Office, Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army, Washington, D. C.; Charles R. Nelson, Saletv Supervisor. Stone ft Webster Engineering Corporation, Boston, Mass.; J. It. 0 Neill, Safely Supsr.. The Fluor Coip. Ltd., Los Angeles, Calif.; Emc L. 1'euley, lVdles-Knowles & Co.. San Francisco, Calif.; Cluff A. Peterson, Director of Safety, \ innell Corp., Alhambra, Calif.; Frank Romans, Industrial Relations Manager, Dravo torp., Bellevue, Wash.; Annum L. Sciimuiil, Director, Safety and Training Division, 1 lie Associated General Contractors of America Inc., Washington, D. C.; Thomas J. Seymour, Safety Engineer, Tennessee Valley Authority, Knoxville, Tenn.; Lee D. Tiiact, Director, Loss Control, Ingram Corp., New Orleans, La.; Jacod J. Veatcii, Chief, Safety Ollice U. S. Arniv Engineers Division, Missouri River, Omaha, Neb.; O. C. Wakefield, Chief, S..C tv Office, St. Paul District, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, St. Paul, Minn.; 1'E.mil W. Wheeler, Safety Engineer, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Navy Department, Washington, D. C.; Kenneth A. White, Chief, Safety Office, Chicago District Corps of Engineers. Chicago, 111.; Jerome J. Williams, Director of Safety, Morrison-Knudsen Co., Inc., Boise, Idaho; James R. York, Safety Engineer, Carden B. Ilall, Inc., Danville, Calif. // nfmin/--|Donai.u W. Dodson (Chairman), Manager, Engineering Dept., Aetna Casualty C Surety Co., Chicago, III.; Eugene W. Rouiiins (Vice-Chairman), Managing Director, Contractors Division, American Road Builders' Association, Washington, D. C.: Homer F. Clark. Safety Officer, Department of Commerce. Bureau of Public Ronds, Washington, D. C.; Raymond R. Ciiove. Director of Safety, Western Pennsylvania Ilraw it Highway (.nnslmclinn Industry Advancement Program Fund. Pittsburgh, Pa.; J. Montcomehy I'ahiiaii. Director of Education ft Training, Virginia Road Builders Assn., Richmond. Va.; (.'ovum Fnn:n, Ohio Contractors Assn., Columbus. Ohio; Dave Gadrif.lson, Safety Director. Johnson Bros. Constructors. Inc.. Litchfield. Minn.; Philip A. IIavey, Slipt., Jtome Office Engineering, The Hartford Insurance Croup. Hartford. Conn.; Dale R. Meuskeii, Dale Modsbcr & Associates, Inc.. Atlanta, Ga.; Warren R. Mendel, Engini'cring and Grading Contractors Assn, of California. Los Angeles, Calif.; CllAnLES R. Nelson. Safety Supervisor, Warren Bros. Co., Cambridge. Mass.; Rohert O. Nimmo, .iafetv Director, Peter Kieivit Sons', Inc., Omaha, Ncbr.: Roy II. Olson. Safctv Engi neering Consultant, Michigan Mutual Liability Co.. Lansing. Mich.; James A. Ramsey, In. Safety Director. Western Contracting Corp., Sioux Citv, Iowa; W. B. Salzman, Milhurn Brotlicrs. Inc.. Mount Prosnect, III.: Robert E. Vergie, Asst. Mgr. Pacific Regional Engineering Dept., Fiieman's Fund American Insurance Companies. San Fran(i co. Calif. flume Building--1* JRodert L. Mooiie (Chairman), Assistant Secretary. Lumbermans Mutual Casualty Co.. Chicago, 111.: Nelson B. Nissen (Vice-Chairman), Chief Safely Engineer, Argonaut Insurance, Menlo Park. Calif.; Frank R. Dwyer. Mgr., Engineering Dept.. Reliance Insurance Cos.. San Francisco, Calif.; Clement J. Lip-pkf.. Consultant, East St. Louis, III.; Wsr. P. Youngci.aus, Jr., Managing Director. Tlio National Rtmodelers Association, New York, N. Y. ?periallu--*T. J. Laseoivski (Chairman). Safety ft Claims Sunervisor. Transit Insurance Administrators, Sail Francisco, Calif.: {Martin F. Mui.hali. I Vice-Chairman), Manager, Safctv Lneineering Dept., Fred S. James A Co., Chicago. III.; Vincent D. AuBuchon, Director, Field Safety, Nonter Corp.. St. Louis. Mo.: C. A. Beane. Asst. Sales Manager, Fibre Metal Products Co., Chester, Pa.; Ray L. Beeler. Director of Legislative Affairs, The Asst. Mated General Contractors of America, Inc., Salem, Ore.; Baymond W. Brandt, Director Safety' Services, O Ronrke ft Company, Inc.. Fort Wayne, Ind.; Archer IV. BnnwN. Chief Lngr., American Hoist & Derrick Co.. St. Paul, Minn.: Alan F. Burch, Safely Director, International Union of Operating Engineers. AFL-CIO, Washington, D C.: Fred A. Camciikll, Insurance Manager, J. F. Pritchard & Co., Kansas City, Mo.; R. J. Dougherty, Corporate Director of Safety. Stcams-Rogcr Corp., Denver. Colo.; IV i-.nif M, Eneiei.p. Safely Training Director, Chicago Bridge ft Iron Co.. Oak Brook, M ; 1 Gerard O. Ciufein, Manager, Hazard Control, Dravo Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; Bl) Charles J. IIart, Seerelaiy, Codes ft Standards Comm., National I'.l'vliaYel *1 ' Assn., Inc., Washington, I).' C.; IHorert L. Jenkins, Consultant, r<.fimi:H-, Mri.; W " W. King, Chief, Safety Office, U. S. Army Engineer Division, N'oitli J'anhe. t'oitkuul. Oregon; John V. O'Hiukn, Safety Supv. ft Labor Hrlatinns Hcpr.. Bechtel Coippruti ' San Francisco, Calif.; Henry T. Pkiii-/, Editor, Construction Methods A lr.i|i>ip-i !. New York, N. Y.; Alan Reeii, Manager, Product Engiiieeriiig, Daniel Vondlv n 1 >, Chicago, III.; Roiieiit C. Rknihoe, Chairman of the Board, J. G. Itcnlio" Sini-. h" . Jacksonville, Fla.; C. J. Samson, General Manager, Construction Safety Assoc i iti Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; A. J. Scaiuhno, Safely Director. Jalineke New Orleans, La.; John C. Sellers, Safely Engineer, Combustion Engineerim'. h"-.. Windsor, Conn.; Hunter P. Wharton, Ceneral President, International Union ol t V : ating Engineers, Washington, D. C.; Stephen R. Wiuteo, Regional Sales Mgr., I'.. 1 >. Bullard Co.. Barrington, III.; Victor E. Whitehorse, Director of Safely, Tntr-ii-.i- ! Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, Washington, D. C.; E. L. Wilson. Ceneial Supec i of Safely, American Bridge Div., U. S. Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. STANDING COMMITTEES Program Committee--W. C. Diiyson, Coordinator; Co-Chairmen: O. F. Sparrfll (Build ing), Lee D. Tracy (Heavy), E. W. HoiiRiNsj Highway), M. F. Mpliiall (Spec ially). Membership Committee--II. V. Carvili (Chairman), B. A. ('.ole. Dan C. Cimisrtv. D. \.. Dodson, T. J. Laskowski, Robert L. Moore. Newsletter Committee--B. M. Enfield, Editor. Health Committee--Ca.m\k B. Schwartz, r.n. (Chairman), Employers Mutuals of V River Forest, 111.; Epwaiid L. McGiiecor, General Sales Manager, Uni/Flex Div.. M> cli cal Supply Co., Rockford, HI.; Rorert D. Muliiall, Manager, Western District. Wild: Manufacturing Co., Saratoga, Calif.; Jane T. Sloane. r.n., Const ruction Nurse. O. 1. Ncivberg Construction Co., Chicago, III.; Jean It. Welsh, r.n., ('oustin'lion ' Hartnctt-Shaw ft Associates, Chicago, 111. Research Committee--P. A. Havey (Chairman). Public Relations Committee--IIuntfji P. Wharton (Chairman). Training Committee--Aimiun L. Sciimuiil (Chairman). Visual Aids Committee--U. J. Doucherty (Chairman). Standards Committee--Dan C. Ciuustie (Chairman). Siiecial Pro/ccls Committee--Wm. B. Murphy (Chairman). Off-the-Job Committee--PAm. II. Connelley (Chairman). Nominating Committee--E. W. Wheeler (Chairman), George E. Ai-o. Imp" " Deec, Rorert L. MoonE, Robert A. Wendell. Honorary Life Members--R. J. Beiiley, C. M. Cahill. Staff Representative--Ciiahles J. Popke, Jn., National Safely Council, -12:i N. Michigan .. Chicago, Illinois 60611. (Past General Chairmen Administrative Committee Hask Force f QFf rF.RS QF THE ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 General Chairman-)). B. Turney, Corp. Safety Dir., Texas Instruments Inc., Dallas, To. Vice Chairman and Secretary--Alan Reed, Manager, Product Engineering, Daniel Wood- head Co., Northbrook, 111. Membership Committee--B. T. Kinc (Chairman), Safety Engineer, Charles Bruning Co, Div. of Addressogr.aph-Multi graph Corp., Mt. Prospect, 111.; William R. Billett (Vic*- Chairman), Safety Dir., I-'rigidairc Div., General Motors Corp., Dayton, Ohio. ' Program Committee--A. F. Ciciiy (Chairman), Loss Prevention Mgr., Ccneral Telephone4 Electronics Cor))., New York, N. Y.; W. C. Mooiuiead (Vice Chairman), Adm., Saf. 4 Health Dept., AMP, Harrisburg, Pa.; C. Wm. Waltehs, Manager, Loss Prevention, Auto matic Electric Co., Northlake, III. Ki'wslcttcr Committer--X. Richmond (Chairman), Administrator, Safety & Benefits, RCA Service Co., BMEWS Project, Cinnaminson, N. J.; Georce Hughes (Vice-Chairman), Supcia. isor of Safety & Acc. Prevention, Wcstinghousc Electric Corp., Budalo, N. Y. Research and Engineering Committee--Thomas McBrien (Chairman), Supervisor, Safety Services, Wcstinghousc Electric Corp., Baltimore, Md.; Icon Limansky (Vice-Chairman), Fellow Engineer, Wcstinghousc Electric Corp., Aero-Space Div., Baltimore, Md.; Jaoc Conway, Safety Director, Sylvania Electric Corp., Electronic Tulws Div., Emporium, Pa.; II.w- v IToi'kins, Safety Director, Rauland Corp., Chicago, 111.; E. S. Kopes, Bell Tele phone Lah., Laurcldalc, Pa.; L. E. Lafeiir, Managing Director, International Assoc, of Electrical Inspectors, Chicago, 111.; Ceorce Mac Donald, Vice-President, Self-Insurers Service, Inc., Chicago, 111.; Charles II. Miller, Safely Engineer, RCA Corp., Lancaster, Pa.; Fiuf.nd Milled, Safety Supervisor, Westinghouse Electric Corp., Electronic Di*, Elmira, N. Y.; J. L. Moimow, Safety Engineer, Collins Radio Co., Newport Beach, Calif.; Roma.r Myles. Safety Director, Color Tube Div., Motorola, Inc., Franklin Park, 111; George II. I'ore, Managing Engineer, Casualty & Chemical Hazards Dept., Under writers' Laboratories, Northbrook, 111.; L. F. (Gus) Swineiieaht, Project Engineer, Daniel Woodhead Co., Northbrook, III.; Ted Woiuiol, Safety Director, National Video ' Corp., Chicago, 111. % Education and Training Committee--A. J. Claused (Chairman), Manager, Health and Safety, General Electric Co., Rome, Ga.; J. W. Loorer (Vice-Chairman), Safety Dir., National Cash Register Co., Dayton, Ohio; Russell Johnson, Safety Dir., George D. Roper Corp., Kankakee, 111.; J. A. Edmonds, President, Daniel Woodhead Co., North brook, III.; Roin.nr D. Mahon, Safely Director, Collins Radio Co., Cedar Rapids, Iowa; Howard P. Miciieneii, Manager of the Engineering & Safely Regulations Dept., National Electric Mfgrs. Assn., New York, N. Y.; Leo A. Miller, Chief Safety Engineer, Stromberg Carlson, Rochester, N. Y.; E. C. Van Cata, Corp. Safety Dir., Skil Corp., Chicago, 111 ; B. L. A' ), Asst, to Insurance Mgr., SCM Corp., New York, N. Y. Ojf-the-Job Committee--Lawrence Zefernick (Chairman), Safety Mgr., Fairchild G> & Instrument Corp., Syosset, L. I., N. Y.; Munnocn G. Pryor (Vice-Chairman), S Mgr., Allen Bradley Co., Milwaukee Wis.; C. E. Hayden, Mgr., Saf. & Security, 1 Corporation, Philadelphia, Pa.; C. Lanc, Supvr. of Saf., Wcstinghousc Elec. Corp., V. Instrument Div., Newark, N. J.; IIerdert J. Peace, Safety Engineer, Ceiv tal D; Electronic Div., Rochester, N. Y. ,n - Long Range Planning Committee--R. E. Whiteside (Chairman), Manager, Safely r. '! Services, Employers Insurance of Wausau, River Forest, 111.; F. C. Feukcoy, Safe neer, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; ; Waldiion, Saf. Supvr., Packard Elec. Div., Ccneral Motor;; Corp., Wainn Old >. ! Cameran Award Coordinators--George MacDonald, Vice-President, Self-Insurers Be- Inc., Chicago, 111.; R. E. Whiteside, Manager, Safely & Health Service"!, Emr'i ' 1 surance of Wausau, River Forest, 111. * Staff Representative--Joseph H. Vansickle, Industrial Dept., National Safely Covneii. N. Michigan Avc., Chicago, 111. 60611. Past General Chairmen--1947-49, E. K. Taylor; *19-19-50, II. B. Duffus; 1950-"l, V. ! . Biancardi; 1951-52, C. N. Focc; 1952-53, J. M. Tuansue; 1953-51, M. L. Mu , -. 1954-55, J. A. Edmonds; 1955-56, J. J. Lawleii; 1950-57, C. F. Sciu.urm-; " r' , d E. E. Gedhart; 1958-59, G, W. Koch; 1959-60, W. F. McChesney; * lOM-M, E. f. Turton; 1961-62, G. MacDonald; 1962-03, G. R. Smith; 1903-01, F. C. 1 1964-65, II. A. Perkins; 1965-66, J. A. Waldron; 1960-67, R. E. Wiiiii mm:. Deceased. 1967 National Safety Congress be brought into the picture here. It looks like the Department Superintendent, or I'roduction Manager, or maybe even the Factory Manager, has not spelled out in clear and concise terms just what the Foreman's safety responsibility really is. You will recall that when John finally de cided to shut the machine down he stated, "I'll probably get fired for tliis." QUESTION: What about Foreman John'i language? Is it just "shop talk?" ANSWER: It may be, but it sure could con vey the wrong impression to anyone work ing for him. I think he would command much more respect as a leader if he talked of and thought of his fellow workers wilk more respect. OFFICERS OF THE GLASS AND CERAMICS SECTION - National Safety Council 1967-68 , General Chairman--John J.Lonc, PPG Industries, Cumberland, Md. , v i First Vice-Chairman--John W. Bloom, Owens-Illinois, Inc., Fairmont, W. Va. ' Second Vice-Chairman--Andrew Oresick, fptj Industries, Ford City, Pa. if : .jj $ Secretary--H. Clark Underwood, PPG Industries, Pittsburgh, Pa. ;,v. !<- : ' ^Newsletter Editor--Richard Reilly, PPG Industries, Ford City, Pa. ' i f !*' 1 > ::Program Committee--E. M- Thompson (Chairman), Ford Motor Co., Nashville Glass Plant. ' Nashville, Term.; *C. Doan Noce, PPG Industries, Crystal City, Mo.; Andrew J. Pa .X!-., !' $ Hunt Foods and Industries, Inc., Perrysburg, Ohio. V1 1 ' k iHealth Committee--Jonce Hernandez-Osuna (Chairman), Accion Social Regiomontam-, .f J Monterrey, N. L. Mexico; *W. G. Hazard, Owens-Illinois, Inc., Toledo, Ohio; Ralph ' Kinc, Ford Motor Co., Nashville Glass Plant, Nashville, Tcnn.; J. T. Destkkano. Pl'C Industries, Pittsburgh, Pa. ' ,i. fEngineering Committee--*John V. Skendall (Chairman), Harbison-Walker Refractories ;i -r Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. `Frank Mannxnc, Ford Motor Co., Glass Div., Dearborn, Mich.: | - Alan Borer, .PPG Industries, Clarksburg, W. Va. -Membership Committee--Dave Charlesworth (Chairman), Ball Brothers Company Incnr- -' .v porated, Mundelein, III.;i`John RnEtNUErMEn, Hunt Foods, Inc., Fullerton, Calif.; Richard Hucke, Owens-lIlinoiS, Inc., Vineland, N. J. 1 :-r *-v \ 1 tf 09-the-}o&> Committee--Charles B. Reagan (Chairman), Ball Brothers Co., Inc., Mmicie. ^ Ind.; Donald D. Hobbs Anchor Hocking Glass Corp., Lancaster, Ohio ' 0- ' . ]', ^Training Committee--A. D. Davis (Chairman), PPG Industries, Creighton, Pa.; Charles jV Iji'- R. Haines, PPG Industries, Mt. Vernon, Ohio; R. E. Sourwine, PPG Industries, l'itts- t fc burgh, Pa. ^.Safety Promotion Committee--George W. Tetherly (Cliairman), Foster-Forbes Gb '' Marion, Ind.; C. S. Kraft, PPG Industries, Henryetta, Okla. ' ' Research Committee--James D. Shannon (Chairman), Ford Motor Co., Class Div., Do: $ Mich., Francis E. La Chapelle, Owens-Illinois, Inc., Hapevillc, Ga. v.#J|r ssociations Committee--Rorert A. Smith (Chairman), Owens-Illinois, Inc., W W P. rv-,-. n1-- ' Ohio; Nominations Committee-- *Frank Manninc (Chairman), Ford Motor Co., Glass Div, Dearborn, Mich.; John W. Bloom (1st Vice Chairman), Owens-Illinois, Inc., Fairmont, W. ' OFFICERS OF THE ,V-a.; i*--C.i.D. oi an.. Ni ock, PPG Industries, Crystal City, Mo.; John J. Lonc, PPG Industries, RUBBER AND PLASTICS SECTION "Blowers and Buggers" Committee--(Past General Chairmen)--Fred G. Anderson, Corning,^ S' : r : . N. Y.; II. V. Cajidnioi, Owens-Illinois, Inc., Toledo, Ohio; John P. Stephenson, Ball Biw, Co., Inc., Muncic, Ind.; James L. Morris, The Federal Gloss Co., Columbus, Ohio; J. C. DirTMEn, Cranford, N. J.; T. R. Donochue (deceased), PPG Industries; W. G, National Safety Council IVCiT**- Hazard, Owens-Illinois, Inc., Toledo, Ohio; Haiuiy A. Jackson, Frigidaire Division Plant .-.i #3, General Motors Corp., Dayton, Ohio; J. H. Gatrell, American Saint Cobain Goip,\$ j,V General Chairman--L. W. Boulton, Safety and Plant Protection Snpvr., l'u'yi.icr O.-ip. Kingsport, Tcnn.; John B. Fullen, Kopp Glass, Inc., Swissvale, Pa.; Russelx. W. FIbanx; ` | fi . Samia, Ont., Canada. Ferro Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio; Clyde C. Ruddick, Bethel Park, Pa.; John V. Sken-" V o.all, Ilarbison-Walker Refractories Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.; Edwin L. Wray, Ball Bros.J' ,Fir*t Vice Chairman--E. E. CoLDSw(pnpi, Safety Dir., Cates Ruhhcr Co., DomeColo Co., Inc., Muncie, Ind.; Clinton Ballincer, Owens-Illinois, Inc., Gas City, Ind.; Joseph if; E. Moan[sox, Houston Chemical Corp., Beaumont, Texas; John Rkeinheimer, Hunt V ?,> Second Vice Chairman--J. R. Wetherholt, Safety & Security Supt., Uniroyal, Inc., Inlvt, II! Foods, Inc., Fullerton, Calif.; Robert W. Moulton, Ball Brothers Co., Inc., Muncie, Ind; ' C. Doan Noce, PPG Industries, Crystal City, Mo.; Frank Manninc, Ford Motor Co, Class Div., Dearborn, Mich. % Secretary--G. W.'Nickel, Mgr. of Safety, Armstrong Cork Co., Lancaster, I'a. !:' " ' ; v Newsletter Editor--R. G. Fohejt, Mgr., Industrial Relations, General Tiro and l!d:li Co. Staff Representative--Grant Shibley, National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Avt, M" Pennsylvania Division, Jeannette, Pa. Chicago, 111. G0G11 Past General Chairmen Engineering Committee--T. E. Leah (Chairman), Safety Dir., Uniroyal, Inc., Detroit, Mich. 'R. G. Havener,'Corporate Safety Engr., Uniroyal, Inc., New York, N. Y.; J. II. Safety Dir., Ohio Rubber Co., Willoughby, Ohio; J. E. Haiivey, Safety Ee;;r,, Man: field Tire & Rubber Co., Mansfield, Ohio. . -.. Health Committee--W. E. McCormick (Chairman), Mgr., Industrial Hygiene lc To.\ie;!o> ;< The B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, Ohio; H. M. McInerney, Safety Engr., Goodyear Tie and Rubber Co.,I Akron, Ohio; George Wilson, Industrial Hygcnist, Firestone lire an. Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio; *S. A. WRrcrrr, General Supvr., Safety Sc Ilooseh: ping Dept .(, V Inland Manufacturing Div., General Motors Corp., Dayton, Ohio. 'Membership Committee--John Glenn, Jr. (Chairman), Production Mgr., Electric Ifo* ' & Rubber Co., Wilmington, Del.; W. V. Kelly, Personnel Mgr., Stokes Molded Product. , It ' Trenton, N. J.; *N. R. Hunter, Safety Engr., Dunlop Tire & Rubber Corp., Rutlal. Z'N.Y. Education and Training Committee--R. N. Johnson (Chairman), Mgr., Safety & Sennit The Armstrong Rubber Co., West Haven, Conn.; L. Hartman, Dir., Trainin'! and i aftt. Firestone Tire and Rubber Co., Pottstown, Pa.; K. W. Getty, Asst. Personnel Mg; Carlisle Tire and Rubber Div., Carlisle Coip., Carlisle, Pa.; J. E. Ecnkr, J'.;.. I'-rsonr: Dir., Goodall Rubber Co.,JJj>ston, Mass. Publicity, Trade Association, and Liaison Committee--David J. Mariani (Cliainn-n), Saf Engr., The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Plant 5, Akron, Ohio. Code and Standards Committee--*M. R. Batche (Chairman), Mgr., Safety, and Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio. V Statistics Committee--V. G. Cork (Chairman), Mgr., Safety, Uniroyal, . ..ySt: ?,*: }r u." Reclaim Manufacturing Committee--*R. M. Boyx.es (Chairman), Dir., Industrial Midwest Rubber Reclaiming Co., East St. Louis, III. Rubber Laboratories. Committee--M. V, Barda (Chairman), Fire & Safety Engr., B. F.iis' Goodrich Footwear Co., Div. of The B. F. Goodrich Co., Watertown, . Mass.; G. Wain* i-. I Bonsell, Supvr., Safety & Security, Lancaster Floor Plant, Armstrong Cork Co., Lan- yi caster, Pa. ' - /.;: . Fire Safety Committee--W. L. Cato (Chairman), Mgr., Safety, B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, I Ohio; O. W. White, Personnel Mgr., Corduroy Rubber Co., Grand Rapids, Mich.; D. K.i Dankesreiteh, .Personnel Asst. & Dir., Safety, Hewitt Rubber Division, Hewitt-Robbim,jjj,': Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. -- Off-tlie-Job Safety Committee--D. E. Dtrnnow (Chairman), Corporate Mgr4 Health:andjf Loss Prevention Section, Uniroyal, Inc., New York, N. Y.; Cooke O'Neax, Seo'y,! Accident Prevention Committee, The Society of The Plastics'Industry< InC.,- NrwYorl(`'jl NY - .r:.,,v4 ?P Synthetic Manufacturing Committee--J. B. Cuenowetk (Chairman), Safety Engr., Good-:y rich-Gulf Chemicals, Inc., Institute, W. Ya. Long Range Planning Committee--*R. W. Fickes (Chairman), Safety Engr., Goodyear^! fj Tire & Rubber Co.; Akron, Ohio; *C. E. Beck, Safety Dir., St.'Clair-Rubber Co.,.Maiys;^: . ville, Mich.; *G. H. BinutiiAnoT, Dir., Safety, General Tire and Rubber Co., Akron,)Olio;^ *S. T. Bunnows, Safety Dir., Mansfield Tiro and Rubber Co., Mahsfield, Ohio; Fbank.C.w Stabbuid, Safety Dir., Firestone Tire and Rubber, Co., Decatur,-HI... Past General Chairman.. II $1 I *./ 1007 National Soldi/ Congress Electric we find the following three steps particularly fruitful: 1. Acquaint private physicians with nature of work, requirements of Benefit Plan, and function of company medical staff. This has heeu accomplished by various means, rang ing from simple phone calls to plant visits to open houses for community doctors. We find a direct correlation between the amount of familiarity a patient's doctor has with the company and the length of illness absences. 2. Visitation of sick employees to discuss convalescent progress. This visitation may be done by supervision or nurses. In the past we have utilized visiting nurses, but we are basing our nurses primarily visit by tele phone now. It is still company policy to have supervision visit the employee to show con tinued interest in the employee while he is disabled. 3. Once a patient is ambulatory, he is asked to visit the company dispensary. The ability of the employee to return to his regu lar job or to "light duty" can then be dis cussed between company and private physi cians. Obviously, this kind of close attention to employee's health, and to the work and home environments that contribute to it, can best be accomplished by an on-premise med ical force. A company as large as Western Electric finds the effort not only a humani tarian necessity, but one which pays off in on-the-job performance. The scale of Western's commitment to employee health can he seen in these figures -37 full-time and 99 part-time physicians; health and safety programs at 57 company locations; programs ranging from biome chanics to computerized epidemiological studies, and fundamental research in such varied fields as heart disease and laser haz ards. 1 appreciate that smaller companies can not spread these costs across a large em ployee body. Many companies have found that private clinics can take on this vital medical-management partnership. Others de pend on insurance benefit plans--a sure way to prolong absences. Many reports have indi cated there is a tendency for length of ab sences to increase as benefits increase. Sound management plan is essential to control absenteeism. It creates the psycho logical and physical environment conducive to good attendance. The cooperation of fam ily and occupational physicians can do much to improve this attendance. This cooperation can restore the ill and injured to work as soon as possible and practice on a broad scale all that we mean by "preventive medi cine." Management and medicino can make a contribution to the operating efficiency of the organization. But most important of all, a vigorous medical-management plan is a foundation upon which to build a healthy society on and off the job. As the pressures of our technological age increase, as our urban environment becomes more complex, it is imperative that we bring business and medicine together to seek mutual solutions to health and safety hazards. OFFICERS OF THE INDUSTRIAL CONFERENCE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967 63 Vice President for Industry-U. S. McFahlanu, Director, Personnel Services, ......... I Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich. Chairman of the Industrial Conference-C. A. Allen, Vice President-Engineering, \c, ri Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Wakefield, Mass. I, - <* Chairman of Sections--H. M. Hartman, Assistant Manager, Compensation aud N.ii Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Bethlehem, Pa. ,. Vice Chairmen of Sections-J. C. Radcuffe, Supervisor, Industrial Safety, Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Mich,; K. S. Hedces, Safety Director, General Motors Corporation, LY'rnit. Mich.; H. M. Huntincton, Ceneral Supervisor of Safety, International Harvester Co. Chicago, 111.; II. C. Daulton, Director of Safety, Louisville A Nashville Hymned Louisville, Ky. Chairman of Committees-M. F. Biancaiidi, Manager of Safety & Workmen's Como Services, Allis-Chahncrs, Milwaukee, Wis. Vice Chairmen of Committees-F. J. Dodson, Assistant Vice President, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Boston, Mass.--J. VanNamee, Administrator of Accident Pievcnli'm, Wcstinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, l'a.; Paul Windsou, SYcict.uy. Pm ;r. of Safety, Chicago, HU i Secretary--Roy G. Benson, Chicago, III. i Manager, Industrial Department, National Safety Come-:!, Committee Chairmen-- Associatjfins Committee--Dan Adaiii, Safety Coordinator, Pacific Coast Association ol !v:p & Paper Manufacturers, Portland, Ore. Audio-Visual Aids Committee-T. H. Wilkinson, Director of Safety, Department , f >i; Army, Washington, D. C. Contest one/ Awards Committee-J. II. Snydeii, Manager, Safety & Plant Protcclv i , !i;- , , Walker & Sons, Peoria, 111. Executive Committee--C. A. Allen Nominating Committec-S. F. Spence, Director of Safety & Loss Prevention, Au-.-ri-,.: Cyanamid Co., Wayne, New Jersey Occupational Health Hazards Committee-!'. E. Bauiieii, M. D.. Medical Dive' Ilormcl & Co., Austin, Minn. Oraiiwliomil Health Nnriiiig-Muiui-x Stewart, R. N., Illinois Boll Telephone Co., Chicago, 111. Ojl-thc-Job Safely Committcc-R. Beeson, Safety Coordinator, Dana Corporation, Hagers town. 1ml. Physical Hazards Committee--D. D. Mateeii, Safety Coordinator, Jones & Lnughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15230 /(, ''Catch I'ru, els Committce-D. F. Haves, Assistant Director of Safety, Industrial and l'ubliealions, NASA, Washington, D. C. "ttaadards Committee--N. A. Tromiu.ey, Manager of Industrial Health Services, Chrysler Corporation, Detroit, Mich. icclmicul Publications Committcc-XV. L. Chiton, Director of Accident Prevention, Ontario Hydro Electric Commission, Toronto, Ontario, Can. t raining Committee-- H. Redholz, Safety Director, The Rath Packing Company, Waterloo, Iowa MEMBERS OF THE ASSOCIATIONS COMMITTEE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 Chairman--Dan Adaiii, Coord, of Saf. Activities, Pacific Coast Assn, of Pulp & Paper Mir.;.. , Portland, Oregon W. M. Allison, Manager, Accident Control Division, Council of Forest Industries, Vancouver, B.C.; J. Andreae, Cencral Manager, Murine Div., Humble Oil &- Refinim; Co., Houston, Tex.; W. G. BnvsoN, Safety Director, Tidewater Construction Cerp , . Norfolk, Va.; Capt. C. H. E. Buxton, Director, Safety Bureau, New York Shipping Assn., New York, N. Y.; V. Cordell, Director, Public Health & Safety, National Restaurant Assn., Chicago, 111.; J. R. Grady, Manager Safety, Western Wood Products Association, Portland, Ore.; Ivan F. LeGore, Safety Director, Portland Cement Assn., Chicago, III.; R. E. Scott, Manager, The Ontario Pulp & Paper Maker's Safely Assn., Toronto, Ontario, Can. ASSOCIATIOr N CONSULTANTS- WASHINGTON AREA--Santo J. Barca, Stall Asst, to the Pres., Can Mfgrs. Institute. Washington, D. C.; Edward W. Baumann, Consulting Director, National Slag Assn., Washington, D. C.; George Burke, Manager, Tech. Services, Water Pollution Control Fed., Washington, D. C.; Joseph II. Colquitt, Secretary, National Assn, of Refrigerated Warehouses, Washington, p. C.; H. Louis Custeii, Dir. Retirement, Saf. & Ins., Natl. Rural Elec. Cooperative Assn., Washington, D. C.; Kenneth A. Gutsciiick, Mana ger, Technical Service, National Lime Assn., Washington, D. C.; Paul llr.n i-in. Asst. Dir. of Engineering, ^American Concrete Pipe Assn., Arlington, Va.; Wm. E. Hucijes, Managing Director; National Fibre Can and Tube Assn., Washington, D. C.; Hariiy^ . Koiiao, Technical Director, Natl. Soft Drink Assn., Washington, D. C.; E. J. Kosciiella, Dir. of Technical Services, Natl. Machine Tool Builders Assn., Wash ington, D. C.; Huch McCahey, Manager Association Dept., Chamber of Commerce of the U.S., Washington, D. C.; John Moiiay, Assistant Executive Secretary, Nation;-! Independent Meat Packers Assn., Washington, D. C.; Eugene L. Newman, Chief Con tracts, Saf/Division, Bureau of Labor Standards, U. S. Dept, of Labor, Washington, D.C.; William S. Ritnour, Secretary-Treasurer, National Plant Food Institute, Washington, D. C.; John Spancler, Asst. Executive Director, Natl. Asphalt Pavement Assn., Riverdale, Maryland NEW YORK AHEA-Harry Becker, Safety Manager, American Cns Assn., New York, N. Y.; Ray C. Ellis, Jr., Secretary, Hotel Safety Trade Croup, New York, N. V.; L. H. Gillette, Assistant Executive Vice-President, American Institute of Steel Con struction, New York, N. Y.; J. C. McChee, Labor'& Saf. Specialist, Copper Development Assn., New York, N. Y.; David B. Preston, Asst. Exec. Secretary, American Water Works Assn., New York, N. Y.; W. W. Pritsky, Code Eng., Bldg. Products, The Alu minum Assn., New York, N. Y.; Kenneth S. Rolston, Administrative Asst., Am-rican Pulpwood Assn., New York, N. Y.; William J. Stevens, Executive Vicc-p. Men!, onal Assn, of Photo-Lithographers, New York, N. Y. WCERS OF THE LABOR CONFERENCE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 President for Labor--Arthur P. Gildea, Secretary-Treasurer, United Brewery Workers, 'Incinnntl, Ohio irman--Paul H. Connelley, Ceneral Office Staff, United Brotherhood of Carpenters, Vasliinglon, D.C. Chairman--l\v.x Lyuck, Assistant Editor, United Mine Workers Journal, Washington, i. C. i .'1/11/-H011111T M. Wilkins, Manager, Labor Department, National Safety Council, 425 .. Mulligan Ave., Chicago, 111. resenting Labor Conference on NSC Board of Directors--Paul H. Connelley (see liairman above); Dn. John D. Connors, Safety Director, AFL-CIO, Washington D. C.; m-Aim B. Haggerty, Safety llcpr.. Inti. Assn, of Fire Fighters, Cincinnati, Ohio; Jack cLaugiilln, United Steelworkers Local No. 1014, Cary, Ind.j Peter Spiller, Safety ir.. United Auto Workers Local No. 588, South Holland, 111.; Victor E. Whftehouse, Icty Dir., Inti. Bro. of Electrical Workers, Washington, D. C. Nominating--IIunteii P. Wharton (see Board of Directors); Occupational Health an,I Research--David A. Padden, Industrial Hygienist, United Auto Workers, Detroit, Midi.; Off-thc-Job Safely and Driver Improvement, Co-Chairmen--Jack W. Move, SUB Repre sentative, United Rubber Workers, Akron, Ohio; Larry Sheffe, Inti. Repr., United Auto Workers, Ottawa, Out., Canada; Planning--Paul II. Connelley (see Labor Ciinfi ii-maChairman); Promotion of Safety Training and Education--Melvin P. Mitchell, Execu tive Board, Inti. Bro. of Electrical Workers Local No. 17, Northvillc, Mich.; Publications and Publicity--John M. Baiuiy, Asst. Editor, AFL-CIO News, Washington, D. C.; Public Relations--Victor E. Whitehouse, Safety Dir., Inti. Bro. of Electrical Workers, Wash ington, D.C.; Radiation Safety, Co-Chairmen--Alan F. Buncii, Safety Dir., Operating Engineers, Washington, D.C.; Edward J. Lecan, Inti. Repr., Inti. Bro. of Electrical Workers, Washington, D.C. Past Vice Presidents for Labor--*Harry Read, Asst, to Secretary-Treasurer, AFL-CIO, Washington, D.C. (Oct. 1955-Oct. 1950); P. . Siemiller (Oct. 1950-Oct. I960) (see Board of Directors above); Lloyd D. Utter, Safety Dir., United Auto Workers, Detroit, Mich. (Oct. 1960-Oct. 1903); Hunter P. Wiiarton (Oct. 1903-Oct. 1907) (see Board of Directors above) ; Deceased 1 -3 ibers-at-Large--P. L. Siemiller, President, Inti. Assn, of Machinists, Washington, D.C.; Iunter P. Wharton, President, Int'l. Union of Operating Engineers, Washington, D.C. > Ires--Walter J. Burke, Secretary-Treasurer, United Steelworkers of America, Pittsnrgh, Pa.; Hunter P. Wharton (see Board of Directors above) esenting State Labor Departments--Rocco Alberto, Commissioner, State Dept, of La ir and Indu tries, Boston, Mass. ) mittee Chairmen: Awards--Thomas A. Dillon, Business Repr., Machinists District 55, diet. 111.; Congress Program--Jacob Gold, Safety Engineer, Bureau of Labor Stand- rds, U.S. Dept, of Labor, Washington, D.C.; Executive--Paul II. Connelley (Labor onfercnce Chairman); Fire Protection and Public Safety--Edward B. IIaccerty (see oard of Directors above); Government, Labor Agencies and Standards--Rocco Alberto see Representing State Labor Departments above); International Labor Safety--Jerry r fX V unk, Public Relations Dir., Inti. Federation of Petroleum and Chemical Workers, Den- r, Colo.; Labor Day Campaign--Robert Faiuiell, Safety Dir., Operating Engineers A oc.il No. 150, Cliicago, 111.; Membership, Co-Chairmen--John L. Dowling, Director, : i ifety and Health (Canada), United Steelworkers, Toronto, Ont. Canada; M. W. Hamp- il: in, Asst. President, Bro. of Locomotive Firemen and Engineinen, Cleveland, Ohio; OFFICERS OF THE MARINE SECTION National Safety Council 1967-68 TANKSHIP DIVISION Division Chairman--C. L. Boyle, Vice President, Transportation, Sim Oil Co., Piiiladylpl:;. Pa.' Vice Chairman--Caw. Philip Neal, Marine Dept., Mobil Oil Corp., New York, N. Y. Membership--Caw. R. P. Walker, Mgr., U. S. Fleet, Marine Dept., Texaco, Inc., l'o; Arthur, Texas. Program--Robert E. McCloskey, Marine Safety Director, Sun Oil Co., Inc., Marcus I loo! J . Pa. :: General Chairman-- J. Andreae, General Manager, Marine Dept Humble Oil & Refining ' Co., Houston, Texas. ...... it? ,1 Vice Chairman--CAn. Arthur M. Kniciit, Vice President, Mystic Steamship Corp., Bostom Mass. 'K Secretary--C. Bradford Mitchell, Consultant, American Merchant Marine Institute, Inc., 1 New York, N. Y. Assistant Secretary-Hudeut F. Carr, Secretary, Moore-McConnack Lines, Inc., New York, N. Y. Editor, Marine Newsletter-0apt. Georce D. Barlow, Asst. Dir. Safety Bureau, New York Shipping Assn. Inc., New York, N. Y. .i * 1 l Assistant Editor-Joiitt R. Blackeby, Asst. Secretary, American Bureau of Shipping, New ? York, N. Y. :? ADVISORY COMMITTEE (PAST GENERAL CHAIRMEN) F. C. CnANT, Vice President, United States Lines, Inc., New York, N. Y.; Caft. Georce H. E. Buxton, Director, Safety Bureau, New York Shipping Assn., Inc., New York, N. Y.; D. L. Buchanan, Asst. Manager, Operations, Great Lakes Fleet, U. S. Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio; R. W. Berry, Vice President, United Fruit Co., Boston, Mass.; WainwRicirr Dawson, Safety Engr., Bethlehem Steel Corp., Bethlehem, Pa. ' NOMINATING COMMITTEE Clwimion-F. C. Grant, Vice President, United States Lines Co., New York, N. Y. Vice Chairmen--Wainwiucht Dawson, Caw, G. H. E. Buxton, D. L. Buchanan. Secretary--BnuNO J. Aucenti, President, Marine Index Bureau, New York, N. Y. j \ SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA Chairman--Adm. Willard J. Smith, Commandant, USCC, Washington, D. C. Vice Chairmen--Reap Adm. C. P. Murphy, USCG Chief, Office of Merchant Marine Safety, Washington, D. C.; Reah Adm. Halert C. Shepheard, USCG (Ret.), Westmoreland Hill, Washington, D. C.; Rear Adm. R. Y. Edwards, Chief, Office of Public & Intematioi.al Affairs, USCG, Washington, D. C.; Caw. William F. Rea, hi. Deputy Chief. Office of Merchant Marine Safety, USCG, Washington, D. C. Special Representatives--Hettmt A. Moran, Safety Director, Military Sea Transportation Service, Department of the Navy, Washington, D. C. 20390; Caw. M. I. Goodman, Chief, Office of Ship Operation, Maritime Administration, 441-G Street, N.W. Washington. D. C. 20235. PASSEN'CER & DRY CARCO DIVISION Division Chairman-Capt. R. N. LePace, Manager, Insurance Claims & Claims Prevention. Farrell Lines, New York, N. Y. Vice Chairman--Capt. R. J. Anderson, Asst, to Vice President, Operations, Prudential TJn Inc., New York, N. Y. Membership--Capt. C. H. Warinc, Malinger, Accident Prevention Div., Lykes Bros. SS Co- New Orleans, La. Program-CAPT. H. R. Rosencren, Safety Director, Moore-McCormack Lines, Inc. Brook lyn, N. Y. IS ? GREAT LAKES DIVISION Division Chairman--]oun L. IIoiiton, Asst. Manager, Marine Dept., Cleveland Cliffs Ito. Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Vice Chairman--John W. Manninc, Supt. of Operations, Steamship Div., The Ilnmai Min ing Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Membership--Riley O'Brien, Fleet Manager, Inland Steel Co., Chicago, 111. Program-^William H. Crippen, Industrial Relations & Personnel Director, American S3 Co .. (Boland & Cornelius), Buffalo, N. Y. ! STEVEDORING DIVISION Division' Chairman--Theodore R. Alff, Safety Director, Nacircma Operating Co., Niv. ' York, N. Y. Vice Chairman--Robert P. Alden, Safety & Wage Adm., Castle & Cook, Inc., Honolulu, : Hawaii. i Membership--Capt. John W. Cain, Manager, Galveston Operation, Altantic tc Cull Stevc: dores, Inc., Galveston, Texas. Program--William L. Rich, Jr., Asst. Manager, Industrial Relations, Crace Linos, Now York, N. Y. SHIPBUILDING & REPAIR DIVISION Dioisfon Chairman--I. C. Yates, Safety Director, Alabama D.D. & S.B. Co., Mobile, Ala. Vice Chairman--J. R. O'Donnell, Safety Director, Avondale Shipyards, Inc., New Orleans, La. Membership--LloydJ. Peccin, Safety Director, Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Co., Chester, Pa. , Program--John S. Smith, Jr., Asst, to the President, Todd Ship Yard Corp., Houston, Texas. BARGE & TOWING VESSEL DIVISION Division Chairman--Ralph A. Guffey, Safety Director, A. L. Mechling Barge Line, Ir.c., Joliet; 111. Vic# Chairman--Lee D. Tracy, Director of Loss Control, Ingram Corporation, Mew Or leans, La. Membership--Robert L. Gray, Manager, Marine Operations, Ashland Oil & RcGning Co., Ashland, Ky. 1 Program--F. McVet Ward, Southern Regional Representative, American Waterways Op erators, Inc., New Orleans, La. Atlantic Area Chairman--A. W. Cash, Safe York. N. Y. Vice Chairman--Robert E. Hook, Pa. Pacific Area Chairman--Lawrence C. Fori Vice Chairman--Capt. Joseph cussion Croups jw , International TerminaF-Oj Ion Co., Inc., New Marine Safety D' irector, Sun Oil Co., Marcus 00064? m t^.Qhievran Shipping Cp.j^iftPjr 'OF, President, Portland SteveddJfnS ?co, Calif. Portland, Or'\ 1., 4 Gulf Area Chairman--Capt. Ollie Davis, Operations Manager, Gull & South America Steamship Co., Inc., New Orleans, La. Vice Ch.'irman--CAtt. Chaju.es P. McFaull, Safety Director, Delta Steamship Lines, New Orleans, La. Crcat Lakes Area Chairman--F. Warren Seebald, Safety Director, Great Lakes Fleet, U. S. Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio. Vice Chairman--Cunton E. Baiwy, Secretary, Buckeye Steamship Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Inland Waterways Area Chairman--Lee D. Tracy, Director of Loss Control, IngTam Corp., New Orleans, La. Vice Chairman--Vince Gallaciieb, Safety Director, Material Sendee Div., General Dy namics Corp., Lyons, 111. Slantline Committees 1`rouram Committee--Capt. M. J. Sullivan (Chairman), Asst. Vice President, Marsh & McLennan, Inc., New York, N. Y.; Robert E. Kratzert (Vice Chairman), Mgr. Vessel Personnel & Services, Columbia Transportation Div., Oglebay Norton Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Statistics 6- Contests Committee-CAPT. J. F, White (Chairman), Dir. of Safety & Twin ing, States Marine Lines, New York, N. Y.; A. H. Moore (Vice Chairman), Safety Director, Farrell Lines, New York, N. Y. Membership Committee--A. B. Randall (Chairman), Safety Officer, Marine Dept., Humble Oil & Refining Co., Houston, Texas. Engineering Committee--Capt. R. H. Smith (Chairman), Manager, Safety Dept., United States P & I Agency, New York, N. Y.; Capt. Cordon Beal (Vice Chairman), Marine Supt., United Fruit Co., New York, N. Y. Visual Aids ir Poster Committee--Robert M. Snow (Chairman), Consultant Safety Engi neer. Staten Island, N. Y.; Ralph Guffey (Vice Chairman), Safety Director, A. L. Mecnling Barge Line, Inc., Joliet, 111. Off-the-Job Safety Committee--Cerald Johnson (Chairman), Safety Director, Ashland Oft & Refining Co., Ashland, Ky.; Karl F. Eismeier (Vice Chairman), Vice President, Loss Control Division, Johnson & Higgins, New York, N. Y. Maritime Associations Committee--Carl E. McDowell (Chairman), Executive Vice Presi dent, American Institute of Marine Underwriters, New York, N. Y.; Ralph E. Casey, President, American Merchant Marino Institute, Inc., Washington, D. C.; Braxton B. Cajui, President, American Waterways Operators, Inc., Washington, D. C.; Vice Adm. James A. Hirsiifield, USCC (Ret.), President, Lake Carriers Assn., Cleveland, Ohio; Ralph B. Dewey, President, Pacific American Steamship Assn., San Francisco, Calif; Jack Jones, Director, Accident Prevention Bureau, Pacific Maritime Assn., San Fran cisco, Calif.; E. M. Hood, President, Shipbuilders Council of America, Washington, D. C. Awards Committee (Best Papers)--Bruno J. Augenti (Chairman), President, Marine Index Bureau, Inc., New York, N. Y.; Capt. Hewlett R. Bishop (Vice Chairman), Executive Vice President & Chief Surveyor, National Cargo Bureau, New York, N. Y. Ship Safety Achievement Awards Committee--Capt. Jones F. Devlin (Chairman), Maritime Consultant, New York, N. Y. Public Relations Committee--Robert Younc, Jr. (Chairman), Associate Editor, The Weekly Underwriter, New York, N. Y.; Robert Ware, Editor, Marine Engineering/Log, New York, N. Y. Staff Representative--Ralph M. Coe, Industrial Dept., National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, 111. 60611 PLAN NOW TO ATTEND THE * NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS' OCTOBER 28-31, 1968 / CONRAD HILTON HOTEL, CHICAGO The Congress is always a big week, a worthwhile week for the 13,000 safety people who attend. At the '68 Congress you can meet other safety people, with the same problems and responsibilities as yourself. You can exchange views and ideas on accident preven f tion, health, hygiene, and fire prevention ... on safety In industry, traffic, school, at home and on the faun. You can see the largest of all safety equipment exhibits 1 at the Congress ... an opportunity for you to make wall- r informed buying decisions for your company. I This four-day educational program, planned and pre sented by the National Safety Council, can be your i 'most thought-provoking, most worthwhile safety expe rience in 1968. \ / Make plans early to attend the 1968 Congress and bring .'7 .,*/ the other people in your organization who have safety l responsibilities. *&< FUTURE CONGRESS OATES ;} 1 1.968 October 28-31 1969 October 27-30 1970 October 26-29 1971 October 25-28 1972 October 23-26 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 50 OFFICERS OF THE METALS SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 ('..mud Chairman--Yi. D. Kent, Safely & Security Supvr, Aliimimim Company of America, Davenport, Iowa. I'ust Vice Chairman--C. I'. Vomits, Mgr. of Safety, Jones & Laughliu Steel Corp., Pitts burgh, Pa. Second Vice Chairman--]. Pa'ilvi:k, Mgr., Industrial Hcl., East Chicago Works, Ulaw-Knox Co, East Chicago, Ind. 7 hiit! Vice Chairman--S. Collins, Ccncral Supvr. Safety, Midwest Steel Div., National Steel Corp., Portage, lnd. SicA.(an/--1. C. Dakls, Management Representative, Bethlehem Steel Corp., Chicago, 111. .Yenslcttcr Editor--F. II. Illic, Manager of Safety and Security, Aluminum Co. of America, Pittsburgh, Pa. i r-Editor and Speakers Bunau-U. L. Slimetz, Senior Safety Supvr., Republic Steel Corp, Central Alloy District, Canton, Ohio. C ingress Program Committee--J. E. Si-bowls (Chairman), Safety Mgr., Caterpillar Tractor Co, Peoria, 111.; Alex Cuzowsky, Safety Eng, Colorado Fuel & Iron Steel Corp, Pueblo, Colo.; J. S. Ciui'MAN, Mgr. of Safely, Arnico Steel Corp, Middletown, Ohio; G. F. Or.sce, Sales Mgr, Columbus McKinnon Chain Corporation, Tonnawanda, N. Y.j R. M. Cou oiuck, Supvr. of Safely, Bethlehem Steel Corp, Bethlehem, Pa. Vnblxihj Committee--Edwmid Mandrv (Chairman), Supt, Industrial Rel, Republic Steel Corp, Cleveland District, Cleveland, Ohio. E,clinical Publicationf Committee--J. B. Anderson (Chairman), Safety Eng, Republic Steel Corp, Cleveland, Ohio; J. E. Niciiols, Dir. of Safety, Reynolds Metals Co, Reyn olds Metals Bldg, Richmond, Va.; E. N. O'Gkady, Safety Dir, New Departure Hyatt Gearings, General Motors Corp, Harrison, N. J.; W. R. Rodlin, Manager of Safety, Alleglu n Ludlmn Steel Corp, Oliver Bldg, Pittsburgh, Pa.; R. D. Tranter, Coporate Safely Eng, Arnico Steel Corp, Middletown, Ohio; W. J. Schwacer, Supervisor of Suicty, The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, Youngstown, Ohio; Frank E. Bird, Jn, Corporate Safety Director, Lultens Steel Company, Coatesville, Pa.' ',V,r.lwrship Committee--D. L. Johnson (Chairman), Manager, Pennsylvania Manufacturen Assn. Insurance Co, Philadelphia, Pa.; E. E. McWiiuirron, Supvr.; Per. Serv. & Safety, Sharou Steel Corporation, Farrell, Pa. O[t-the-Job Committee--II. W. Gelberg (Chairman), Works Safety Administrator, Jones & I.aughlin Steel Corporation, Aliquippa Works, Aliquippa, Pa.; J. D. Holtzapple (Past Ccn. Chr.); D. D. Mather (Past Gen. Chr.); J. C. Cullen (Past Gen. Chr.); J. W. Tvsse (Past Cen. Chr.). Turning and Education Committee--G. II. Reilly (Chairman), Safety Eng, Admin, United States Steel Corp, Pittsburgh, Pa.; B. Biiown, Supvr. of Safety, Youngstown Sheet Tube Co, East Chicago, Ind.; A. T. Pociuber, Safely Dir, Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp, Lcechburg, Pa.; L. C. Parker, Safety Dir, Granite City Steel Co, Granite City, 111.; II. L. Seimetz, Senior Safety Supvr, Republic Steel Corporation, Central Alloy Dis trict, Canton, 01nv Contest and Awards Committee--]. F. Dwyer (Chairman). S.ifi lx Supr r . ISi-jkiI Corp, Chicago District, Chicago, 111.; B. Biiown, Supvr. of Safi ty, Y.......... ' Tube Co, East Chicago, lnd. ' Foundry Industry Committee-W. II. Decker (Chairman), Safety Dii, Cmti.,! 1 . !i Division, Danville Pit, General Motors Corp, Danville, III.; Richard C. Kellogg, ' |, |. Dir, Cooper Bessmer Company, Mount Vernon, Ohio; G. W. Davis. Asst. ...............I My,.. National Castings Div, Midland-Boss Corp, Slianni Works, Sliarou, l'a.; J'. L. 1Ii.ru i. Dir. of Industrial Rel, Vulcan Mold & Iron Co, Latrobo, l'a.; J. E. Toole, Sr, Mgr. o! Industrial Rel, Union Steel Works, Foundry & Mill Mach. Div, Rlaw-Kuox Co, l'i;uburgli, Pa.; R. L. Duncan, Personnel Supvr, American Steel Fonndiies, Indiana II ;1 - Works, East.Chicago, Ind. Steel Service Center Committee--P. Walter (Chairman), Asst, to the Pros, Korhiuml Steel and Aluminum, Evanston, 111.; R. Underwood, Mgr. of Labor Rel, United .Slat- s Supply Div, Chicago, III. Industrial Hygiene Committee--W. E. Seuesta''('Chairman), Chief Industrial liygkiii .1. Republic Steel Corp, Research Center, Independence, Ohio; J. A. Janous, Sen. Indus!rial Hygiene Eng, Jones & Laughliu Steel Corp, Pittsburgh, l'a.; W. M. Smith, Mgr, In dustrial Hygiene, Weirton Steel Co, Weirton, W. Va.; D. L. Wehster, Industrial fir alll Eng, Bethlehem Steel Corp, Bethlehem, Pa. Steel Industry Committee--M. E. Ruby (Chairman), Mgr. Safety, Laclede Ste-1 Co.. A! 111.; A. R. Sauer, Corporate Safety Dir, Phoenix Steel Corp, Claymonl, Del.; L. Wo..:.v. Jn., Pit. Safety Engr, Bethlehem Steel Corp, Sparrows Point, Mil.; R. C. Di: ci .1, Corporate Safely Mgr, Interlnke Steel Corp, Chicago, 111.; It. D. Minnick, Ann rii an Magancsc Steel Div, American Brake Shoe Co, Chicago, Heights, III.; 1-'. T. ........ a a. Supvr., Industrial Safely Section, Steel Div, Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, Midi.; W. K Nichols, Asst, to Vice I'res.. Industrial Rel, Northwestern Steel and Wire Co, Sterling, 111.; W. P. Saunders, Safety;Dir., Universal Cyclops Steel Corp, Bridgeville, Pa.; I!. .'!. Cowdiuck, Supvr, Safety, Bkhlchem Steel Corp, Bethlehem, Pa. Non-Ferrous Industry Committee-T. T. Finder (Chairman), Safety Dir, Kennccott Copper Corp., Utah Copper Div, Salt Lake City, Utah; J. A. Turk, Dir. of Safely & Industrial Health, U. S. Metal Refining Co, Carteret, N. J.; Gary P. Fisher, DivisioR Mgr, Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp.) Oakland, Calif.; J. E. Nichols, Dir. of Safety, Reynold; Metals Co, Richmond, Va.; J.iMailana, Loss Prevention Supvr, Ornict Corp, Hainiib.i!. Ohio; R. R. Aker, Safety Supvr, Phelps Dodge Corp, Morenci, Ariz.; F. If. ln.10, Man. ager of Safety & Security, Aluminum Co. of America, Pittsburgh, Pa. rannealing Industry Committee--E. J. Collins (Chairman), Safety Sii| Corp, Lcetsdale, Pa.; R. Cuzort, Frontier Steel, Muskogee, Okia.; F. P. Cava, Person Dir, Pittsburgh Bridge & Iron Works, Rochester. Pa.: E. A. Bratton, Seey_Si*W>lab Fabricators Assn, Chicago, 111.; M. H. Zi ivr. S5!S^^5?cr.', Am^SfejjMiidii' Div, Gary, Ind.; G. F. Jonas, Mgr, Industr Co, Elwood City, Pa.; J. deFohest, Indu! >ns, Aein^ptttu.dnrd Div.ij%1ayKiit>\ llatiohs Dir,`"International 'SS^I' C.o.. Evansville, Ind.; Dean A. Dexter, Safet Brook, 111. Wert Coast Committee--R. C. Beckstead ( American Smelting & Refining Co, Salt Lake Members at Large-Homed K. Lamuie (Chai^i1 Chicago Bridge & Iron Cu, f a'; | 000647 Y ialor), Dir, Safety A Tech. ,Utah. ,. Oakland, Calif.; Harry Schwartz, l'res, ~ ' mS^Ksamm i&y# N.h Francisco Aren--Roy E. Mattjson (Chairman), Federated Metals Div., American Smolt ir.. - \ Re-fining Co., San Francisco, Calif.; 1'. 1'. Pei.to.n, Jn., Safety Eng., Bethlehem N;i el Coip., I'inolo l'oinl Woiks. Ilielunnnd, Calil. Smlhtcest Area-James Ammstuonc. (Chairman), Safety & Prot. Super., Hydro-Aluminum & Chemical Corp., Trcnlwood Works, Spokane, Wash.; It, S. Jamah, Safety Engr., Betb- h hem Steel Corp., Pacific ('oast Div., Seattle, Wash. Lnv Angeles Area--Edwin S. Wynkoof (Chairman), Bethlehem Steel Corp., Pacific Coast Div., Terminal Annex, Los Angeles, Calif.; R. K. Cukason, Safety Engineer, Harvey Aluminum Co., Western Ave., Torrence, Calif. Salt Luke City Aiea--Tmito.v T. Pinukii (Chairman), Safely Dir., Kennecott Copper Corp., Utah Copper Div., Salt Lake City, Utah. Research and Advisory Committee--*W. T. McLean (Chairman), Gen Supvr., Safety and Sanitation, United Slates Steel Corp., Gary, Ind.; *G. Lundie, Asst. Dir., Safety & Plant Protection Dept., Inland Steel Co., East Chicago, Ind.; `Charles E. Wilson, Safety Eng., Bethlehem Steel Corp., Bethlehem, Pa.; J. W. Tysse, Mgr. of Safety, Republic Steel Corp., Republic Building, Cleveland, Ohio; `James G. Cullen, Div. Safety Eng., Engine & Foundry Div., Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Mich.; *D. D. Mateeb, Safety Coordinator, Safety Div., Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; *R. I. Pisle, Supt. of Indus trial Rol., Republic Steel Corp., Chicago, 111.; *J. D. Holtzapple, Mgr. of Safety, BlowKnox Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.; *G. E, Eicekdiiod, Safety Dir., McLouth Steel Corp., Trenton, ! Mich.; *G. O. CniFFiN, Mgr., Hazard Control, Dravo Corp., Neville Island, Pittsburgh, 1 I'a.; II. S. Simpson, Mgr. Safety, Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peoria, III.; *J. L. Ridince*, Dir., Safety and Plant Protection, Inland Steel Co., East Chicago, Ind.; *P. E. Ghundman, Safety Eng., Armco Steel Corp., Rustless Div., Baltimore, Md. S/-//J Ilcprrstmlalive--K. E. Kor:u, National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Ave., Chi cago, Illinois 00611. `Past General Chairman. PLAN NOW TO ATTEND THE NATIONAL"SAFETY CONGNE-T OCTOBER 28-31, 1968 / C0NRA0 HILTON HOTEL, CIIICW' The Congress is always a big week, a worthwhile w , for the 13,000 safely people who attend. ' At the '68 Congress you can meet other safety people, .with the same problems and responsibilities as yourself. You can exchange views and ideas on accident preven tion, health, hygiene, and fire prevention ... on safely in industry, traffic, school, at homo and on the lain;. You can see the largest of all safety equipment exhibits at the Congress ... an opportunity for you to matte wellinformed buying decisions for your company. This four-day educational program, planned and pre sented by the National Safety Council, can be veur most thought-provoking, most worthwhile safety expe rience in 1968. Make plans early to attend the 1968 Congress and bring the other people in your organization who have safely responsibilities. FUTURE CONGRESS DATES 1968 October 28-31 1969 October 27-30 1970 October 26-29 1971 October 25-28 1972 October 23-26 NATIONAL SAFETY COUN 3 I L r.O',11 THE MINER AND HIS ENVIRONMENT By I', T. M. WHITE .MacDonald Professor of Minin? Engineering and Chairman, Department of Minin? Enginccrin? & Applied Geophysics, McGill University, Montreal "Environment" lias been defined as "the aggregate of physical, regional and circum stantial conditions that surround and influ ence the life or development of an individual or a community". When this definition is ap plied to the mining industry, the term de notes something much wider than ground control, mine ventilation, and dust abate ment, the aspects of the working environ ment that have so far received most atten tion. The object of this paper is to review, somewhat critically, the total environment of onr industry insofar as it concerns those who constitute the productive work-force. It is for this reason that the topic "The Miner and llis Environment" has been selected. The paper will, therefore, he in the nature of an analysis of factors ami principles relevant to the creation and maintenance of a proper total mining environment, certain aspects of which are seldom examined but which are, in fact, highly relevant. Mining by surface methods has given rise to little anxiety concerning the physical envi ronment but, as operations have proceeded in dept.., more attention to the working en vironment lias become necessary. Most thought has been given to particular func tional aspects of the physical mining envi ronment, namely, ventilation and airborne mineralized suspensions. The industry's in terest in these aspects of the underground environment is almost as old as underground mining itself. Even in the paleo-metallurgic era of the ancient world, the importance of natural ventilation was acknowledged, and we know from the records of Agricola of the new approaches to induced ventilation (by fire, bellows, and the like) in his day. With our more modern methods, undoubted prog ress has been made in the physical environ ment. In the composite costs of mining, the cost of labor is usually the largest single item and it is through an increase in the efficiency of labor--the output per man shift--that the greatest improvements in this item can be achieved. The 'at approach to achieve greater efficiency was to make the working place safer (from the obvious structural viewpoint). From these beginnings, it is now widely accepted that working places should also he more healthful and comfortable and that our mining activities should be designed in such a way that a reasonable performance of labor can be achieved without discomfort. Much by way of increased productivity has keen achieved by increased mechanisation, which is reflected by improvement in the man hours per ton of ore mined: in metal mining, from 1.89 man hours per ton in 1952 to 1.09 man hours per ton in 1902 and, in uon-inctallic mining, from 0.50 man hours per ton in 1952 to 0.27 man hours per ton in 1902. These are significant improvements in productivity. But, mechanisation has intro duced additional, as well as its own special, problems. In more recent years, it has be come evident that the physical aspects of out industrial environment must be correlated with psychological, as well as sociological, aspects in the establishment of a comprehen sively attractive working environment. The total environment of mining is there fore, I suggest, a composite one of physical, chemical, biological, psychological and socio logical elements: together, they constitute the working conditions within the industryeach giving rise to problems of control. In turning to these environmental components, there are some upon which I shall touch only briefly. Rock Stability/Instability. ``Falls of ground" are a feature of the physical environment that constitute the highest cause of mine fatalities. These derive generally from inadequate safeguards of loose material on the one hand and/or igno rance of the relative stability of the rock structure on masse on the other. Usually, the first of these relates directly to inadequate inspection of the "back" of a freshly-broken excavation and to inadequate remedial ac tion; die second is part of the established practice of ground control and Is often the problem of inadequate support at a localized 0006.1!) ill i part of the workings or o jbink of air con-litio-;;r; ings in relation to kno- -cte^ ^ Ss being concerned principally with i- stresses within die rock mi -i" aturg-humiditWJllflyconcern should be the In die past, the approa' the theory simultaneous" ctinthu of purity, motion and and practice of rock mechanics has been heat content of the air. In the pas! and of ' largely dirough the experimental investiga today, too little attention lias h-.-ii, or r, tion of die physical properties of rocks, the paid to this essential simultaneous contiol. application of stress-strain measuring tech Thermal exchange between the leemm niques, photoclasticity, and die like. These body and the environment depend: me-: have reflected largely a somewhat static ap four external physical factors: air tni-i- t.- proach to the structural problem of rock fail turc, radiant temperature, air voln-ity, and ure. It might well be that a more dynamic moisture content of the air; but thermal ex approach can be envisaged (through "geo change is also subject to delicate plv.-aeb-ei- dynamics"), involving a change in emphasis cal controls through variations in the m- ia- through concepts of inherent instability bolic rate, the rate of chemical and uxid. 'd i-. rather than of apparent stability of excavated processes within the human body, 'li e fee structures. In any case, much more still 're-"* physical environmental factors are ind y : I mains to be done in correlating the influence cntly variable nnd may be combined in dif of design and layout of workings with the ferent ways to produce tlio same the-mal ef stability and instability of the rock structure. fects upon man: an increase in air velocity This is largely a matter of mining engineer will offset a rise in air tcmpcrale-e; : -m- ing control involving a knowledge of the sidcrablc elevation of air temperature >: u I -- structure and the principles of ground sup tolerated if the relative humidity is le v, am! port by the judicious design of pillars or use so on. Such combinations of thermal vc'-di- of support materials (such as timber, con tions that induce the same tlicimal m .ra crete, "fill", etc.). The aim is towards com tions arc called thcnno-uquivnleu! -eudi- plete extraction of tho economically mineral tions. The normal and basic Effective V- m- ized material. We have yet to leam much perature Scales give the combination: of more concerning die mechanisms of "fiU" equivalent conditions as determined by dry consolidation (either by normal compaction bulb temperature, wet bull) tcmpcraiorc, or the use of cements and other chemical and air velocity. Thermal comfort in !hv on. mixtures), die method 'of attaining unifor vironment is the primary purpose of air con mity in properties, and the subsequent rock ditioning. Inasmuch as mail generates heat mechanics of the consolidated material. and is comfortable at cnviromncnlal temp-n The non-enginccring interest is a statisti atures below body temperatures, the prob cal one--statistics nnd classification of acci lem generally is one of controlling the !i: :-! dents caused by "falls of ground". "Fill", in lost from the body, not tile problem o! h: the form of the coarse fraction of commi ing the man. Nevertheless, in order to mum- nuted material, is now a common form of tain an environment that will regulate die ground support and, apart from certain loss of heat from tile body, it may I-.- m e. s- minor aspects (such as chemical reactions sary to supply heat or humidity, to coed in producing carbon dioxide,' sulphur dioxide, to dehumidify, or to vary the velocity the and other gaseous contaminants in small air movement in the area. Most appiii -e!i m; amounts, and/or die presence of residual underground will require the considccdinn polluted water), presents relatively minor of more than one of these to arrive s! non-engineering problems. satisfactory environmental condition. Mine Air Conditioning. Ill North America in winter, the e-Mi'inn of heat to a ventilating system is oft- n - ivn- Tbe term "mine air conditioning" has tial. Briefly, the addition of heal is ih :i - -lie been deliberately used, since, in the matter attained cither by radiation, the liao-anN ; >;i of atmospheric environmental control, wo of energy by means of cl-cln-ma r-!, should be concerned with the simultaneous control, within prescribed limits, of the qual ity, quantity and temperature-humidity of waves of very long wavcleiigdi; oi, .-ij-c commonly, by convective heat tran-lr. iithcr natural or forced circulation of l!i.: air the air within a designated space or in a des around a heat source. The possibiliii. : of ignated circuit. Fundamentally, ventilation is heat exchange liy other less obvious m-'aii- concerned with air quantity or air move- than direct heat utilization si he I'lCT 'vii.'/ijuul Safety Congress iiucl: wasi. heat frnin nearby installations, mi in return air from oilier underground workings, geothermal heat from rock at depth, or tlm heat contained in largo bodies of water in lakes and rivers (even beneath ic.'-cappings in winter). In dorp minim:, as it Kol.ir (in India), or on the Wilwatcisi ..nd, or in Northern Australia, heat removal from the air-stream is necessary. For this evaporative cooling is used or, alternatively, the air is passed over chilled coil systems. Although we lead of the rare case in mining th it calls for humidification of an air stream, de-humidification is frequently more desira ble. T he ultimate and eventual limitation in modern mining is depth, in which the prob lems of heat, largely through geothermal gradients, can be very serious. Combined cooling and dc-humidification processes have become necessary to provide desirable envi ronmental conditions in some mines. Avoid ance of humidification is attempted by re sorting to dry drilling and a reduction in the nw of water wherever possible, but sucli i lactic.; in turn gives rise to oilier problems. Quality control of the environmental at mosphere has not received as much attention in metal-mining as it has in collieries, but a :e..;>i' awareness is evident nowadays aiiiimg t metalliferous mining engineers re- inible for mine air-conditioning. The use of electrical analogue computers offers a rapid means of simultaneous control of a number oi !actors. Much remains to be done in the study of turbulent resistance to flow in mine air streams and in the development of methods of ventilation network analysis. Acclimatisation is a factor in environments which claims our attention in the industry under certain conditions. The extreme heat at extreme depths of mining give rise to problems of beat tolerance of the individual and, with them, those of acclimatisation. 1 lie adjustment of miners to extremes of cn\ iiomnental beat may be prolonged and, sen when acclimatized, gradual lowering of Ilia cn cihealed body to normal temperatures i- import.ml. Acclimatisation is also neces sary in the case of high altitude locations; for example, in the Andes at elevations of 14,000-16,000 feet, where it lakes the form of adjustment to oxygen deficiency and I'oidance of oxer-exertion. Acclimatisation is a personal adjustment in the approach to, and withdrawal from, these unusual environ mental conditions. Dtisl<: and Hatlitiliom. The hazards associated with dusts and ra diations are amongst the most serious of all those with which the mining engineer must contend hut, like ventilation, have been re ceiving increased attention in recent years, pailietiknly since the insidious effects of ra diations bax'c been dramatically demon strated in the uranium mines of this conti nent and elsewhere. Although much work has been dune on ibis important subject, much still remains to be learned concerning dusts and radiations. The dust hazards dcrixe from combina tions of particle size range, freshness (or sur face reactivity), composition, and the sus ceptibility of the individual exposed thereto. Dust particles of pathological (or combusti ble) consequences are predominantly below 10 microns in size; that is, less than .0004 inch. Particles larger than 10 microns are un likely to remain in airborne suspension in air streams of even moderate velocity. The haz ardous dusts characteristically have a mean particle size in the range of 0.5 to 3 microns, and generally the chemical reactivity of the mincrallic material increases with decreasing particle size. Dusts below 10 microns, having no significant weight or inertia, tend to re main suspended somewhat indefinitely in an atmospheric environment. On the other hand, we know so little about actual dust particle behavior, particularly of the fibrous types such as asbestos--fine tube-like struc tures of uhnost constant diameter (0.5 micron) but of varying lengths. Do they tend towards preferential concentration, wafting about in the atmosphere and settling under 'hind ered" conditions? IIow do wc assess ntmosplieric concentrations of sucli dusts with accuracy? Since dust particles may be electri cally charged, can they, or do they, attract to their surfaces coatings of even finer, more fissile dusts in parasitic fashion? Is tills the reason for the intense activity of some essenlially silicious dusts (as on the Hand and elsewhere) xvhere pncumoconiolic symptoms appear to have been accelerated by some agency, perhaps extremely fine radio-active coatings? These are questions that still re main to be settled. There are a number of categories into which dusts can be classified: (a) pulmonary dusts, which are harmful to the respira tory system (such as silica, silicates, beryllimn ores, iron ores, and cnssitcritic ores); , i j ^ i | ! n UOOGi'l (b) toxic dusts, which are to body underground menl; a- ' . ' . organs and body tissues ( ^J^fc^:''jj--ri5r.x;e(^, silicpsis i to app-ai i!t> : 1 load, mercury, radon, thori depths of 111 cud (c) radio-active dusts, wl j; report, d to be a because of their radiations uranium, ous hazard after less than live years . thorium, etc.); (d) explosive dusts, which dergroiuid xvorkiug exposure, lb" la fi are combustible in airborne suspension (coal of particles, whose surlier: ha., dusts, sulphide dusts, and the like); and (e) coaled with highly active films of pu: inert dusts, which allegedly have no harmful dusts, has yet to lie fully investigated. effects. Some dusts have multiple ratings In any case, the mete preset.cm nr and, as our experience grows, more and and/or radiations has an ad vers. ) ;1 k more dusts are being added to tho harm fill cal died upon inirir r;:. Frnin tie. i. . i lists; there is, in fact, increasing reason to alone, their abatement is iinporhcil. All doubt whether any dust is really inert or have nuisance value, in that they d v. pathologically harmless. visibility, create uncomfortable e i- " i Dusts can vary in their injuriousness when tal conditions, and result in labor i' : associated with gaseous contaminants which, and dissatisfaction. in their own field can have adverse physio Tbe subject of abatement still rracri. logical effects through asphyxiation, toxicity, adequately studied. Water has been dr: or radio-activity. As with oxygen depletion, versally applied medium, but its ellidcni the physiological effect of a gas varies with open to question and it lias limitntin;.' the exposure time and the individual. Radon, example, in certain wlnlcr-tiino up'-n e.: because of its decay products, gives rise to tivilics, xvet drilling is virtually fi.inux particular problems of surveying and assess Newer methods of abatement must h i ment. A vast amount of work has yet to be tigated. Efforts have been m e'-; done on the sources of radon, its migration dcctrostatie concentration to red in mino. waters, and the mechanisms of its but with only partial success. release into the working atmosphere. Can its Some arc of the opinion that nllt ' -a solubility differential in water and oily liq oils should lie investigated. SlmeM uids be put (o beneficial control use? Its dis applying to airhor.no ininerallie-ji.: i', I astrous assimilation in the blood stream is pensions the same sort of principle:. !,e>! based upon this marked isolubility differen apply to water-borne suspensions ie tial. i dressing processes? Is it possible to id Generally, in our assessment of the harm- lust surface activatms which won!-! n fulness of industrial dusts, several factors the dust particles more amenable in i emerge as important. Mineral composition is tion and, therefore, abatement, l.v the probably more important than chemical froths and foams? Tills is one field id nd composition, and the physio-chemical prop allic surface chemistry that could 1" erties arc probably more important than the hint. It might oiler nc.v adutien physical properties. The surface activity of age-old problem. particles is impoitant. Permissible concentra tions vary from dust to dust. Radio-active Aline lUuniuuition. and other toxic dusts can he harmful at con Inadequate alteution h: !lern "IX i centrations less than one-fifth that of a tradi mine lighting. Although spoci:: idm tionally accepted harmful dust, such as sil vances have been made in i)h:iuiie.'iio'> ica. Exposure times are found to vary enor necring, our industry has been xlov > t mously. In some cases, silicosis has been advantage of the new rievcloiunrids. I- diagnosed after less than one year of expo must any handbook on illumiiiatioii r i , sure; in other cases, only after 15 or 20 years sible to find tables xvliieh list eniii.iiiu.i : or even longer. Radiation damage generally minating rendition'. Ini' every Invn n* ' docs not make itself obvious until after sev trial aelixily, xvith the .single , ci" eral years. Even in a single mine, arc there mining. variations in the silicosis-producing proper To say that lighting lias ! ties of quartz at various depths? This would problem underground, where ilkird-.r appear to bo so. For example, at Kolar in leaves much to be desired, is :: c " India, with shallow depths, classical silicosis dcrstalcmcnt. A new appro e.h i n vas rare even in miners xvith a lifetime of Any nexv application mn.I I.,! 1967 National Sajety Congress 000651 Mir I- the ability of the eye to adapt itself to ade quate visibility at relatively low illumination and brightness levels. Generally, wo are con fronted with poor natural reflectivity from the rock surfaces of our mine environment, and this means low eye adaptation. Paucity of data from mining operations makes it dilTicult to prove conclusively the beneficial effects of improved illumination. The direct effect of lighting on underground efficiency as reflected by "cost per ton of oro" or by "output per man shift" has not generally been studied and the indirect ef fects (for example, the raising of personnel morale by improving the brightness of the working environment) are still considered largely speculative. Improved lighting un doubtedly improves worker psychology and morale in surface activities and there is no reason to suppose that similar results cannot bo achieved underground. Totnl injuries in surface mining operations arc a fraction of the total accidents in underground mines. There is therefore some satisfactory conclu sion to be drawn concerning tire merits of good natural lighting in the surface working environment when compared w'ith poor illu mination conditions underground. Belter underground visibility should re duce the total mining accidents, of which a huge proportion arc concerned with dexter ity end mobility, both of which call for coordiL.'.lion of the visual process with bodily movement. Visual performance deteriorates with advancing age, and such deterioration can best be countered by improved environ mental lighting. Totalities generally are higher in the older age-groups of under ground miners, despite the fact that com pany policy may ensure younger men being employed where greater alertness and dex terity are called for. On the surface, where visibility' is better, fatality rates decrease call for n new approach to "mining visibility", but it should achieve more worthwhile results, with minimum expenditure, titan continuing to apply popular ideas based solely upon illumination levels and the num ber and intensity of lamps installed. The term "visibility" is used to denote the ability of the eye to receive a visual impres sion; "visual performance" involves interpre tation by the brain of the visibility stimulus that it receives and the outward muscular reaction which results therefrom; in other words, reaction time is a factor. There are four important factors that effect visibility; (1.) the size of detail to be seen, (2.) the time available for seeing, (3.) tire lighting and color contrast between tiro observed ob ject and its background, and (4.) the brightness level of the visual field. To some extent, theso four factors are interdependent. The adequacy of underground lighting calls for an appraisal of the task characteris tics involved in terms of visibility. The "vis ual task" not only involves the nature of the job itself but the lighting environment pro vided; that is, details of the size and shape of objects to be seen, their relationship to background and surroundings, and so on. These must be assessed, along with the general aspects of the lighting environment, at the time of observation in order to define the visual task. Visual tasks arc placed into three categor ies: (1.) teloramic, in which the important objects are at a viewing distance greater than six feet; (2.) mesoramic, in which the principal objects are less than six feet, but not less than 12 inches, from the eyes; and (3.) ancoramic, in which the tasks con cerned require close viewing distances. In mining operations, the ancoramic tasks are few but nevertheless important (inspection of a working face for structural features, un- ` ; and there is little diffic itcrmiuing When these do not coincide uiT ll critical detail in order ! satisfactorily. the task work iiu<)ey;-..c(^Wation, oppoan;; me;. \ must pvorCOrnp'dd(e eye's lon.li in; to un Nevertheless, because^Wc'^use point awayTr6inT'he-*wiik toward the Ii;rLL ourc j sources of portable light, much of the visual This is a frequent cause of diriwiifnit in field in mining is not illuminated at all and fatigue. It is something that wc have all <: we find ourselves asking not "How well can pcrienccd underground when lulsem ! 1 see?" but "What can I see?". There is ob someone wearing a cap-lamp. )'!;' l.'.!i:i; viously a need for more general illumination. was once thought to bo caused primmL 1 ; Expanded use of flood lighting in the gen excessive use of the. eye. nroscl"s om'rollin eral underground environment helps tremen vision, but a more common came of f ili;;n ; dously. is the tension that arises when opp.v Many attempts have been made to meas muscular movements mo stimul i!' I, ifi-c-p ure the ease and ability of seeing and to pro creating a conflict. duce an "index of visibility". One promising Indirect lighting is the best m tt.od <. instrument is the Luckiesh-Moss visibility producing uniform illumination. I'm- tvpu! , meter, used to determine the relative visibil vantage is its cost, since ennsidcmM light i ity of various objects and evaluate the visual lost through absorption and poor i. el; refiee tusk. The instrument observes a portion of tivily. Lighting is n fertile field for minim j the visual field against its background and research. Good lighting is cheerful and slim compares it with the brightness of a thresh ulating and, in many oases, improved prnc old value when the field is only just discerni ticc can be attributed to improved fighth:;;. ble. A great deal of work remains to be done in applying the principle to mining. Noise and Vibration. One approach would be to divide the vis Airborne sound is due to vm-Woir, in ual task into its essential components; con mosphcric pressure and, for i simple tun', trast, size, time, brightness and "emphasis", that is, a sound characterized by a vit;-<l- no: v the latter being a factor that takes into ac of pitch--the number of times per secern count the degree .of mental concentration that the pressure changes through a rv.m necessary to perform the task. Certainly, re plcle cycle is the frequency of >."u !. t search should be ^directed at establishing The assessment of sound is cm dt. c! riV.' some basis for visual performance of under scale. ground tasks in a properly illumined envi Most people feel annoyance when v.orrirg ronment. with a noisy device or in a mmy environ [ Travelling ways have probably received ment; in mining, wo have both noi y d< vice , closest attention but much depends upon tho and noisy environments. Subjective discom service being performed. Although lighting fort often diminishes as the worker amlum'S may be adequate to observe the approach to to work and comes to accept the noise as a an ore train, the illumination is often so ir natural background to his task, especially regular and inefficient that men are unable when he himself contributes to noise through to discern die uneven' nature of the floor or his job. This is particularly applies! k- lo the , tli(f presence of loose equipment lying about. operator of a rock drill. w hen the older men are given less arduous derground surveying, and so on) but the The continual change from dark to light Nevertheless, we are reliably informed and less dangerous tasks progressively with majority of tasks are teloramic or mesoramic. conditions, particularly in passing from trav that part of the adaptation of the worker to tb.cir age. Even where accidents to older However, seldom in mining can we consider elling ways to work places, creates not only the disturbing noise involves the exm nditure men may be due to a combination of atten- the problem solely on the basis of one visual psychological but physiological problems for of extra energy in his responses and vs mo tuated reaction tune, reduced dexterity, and task. The viewer performs a number of dif some individuals. It takes some time for the advised to pay more attention to tin; rela slower movement, data show that better visi ferent tasks, and, even when his principal job eyes to become adjusted to transitional light tionship between personality traits and sus bility counteracts this. Adequate risibility involves work at close range, there will be ing conditions. When an individual moves ceptibility to distraction from ivive. Wml-ms undoubtedly assists in the avoidance of acci dents associated with increased mechaniza tion and contact with moving equipment. In considering illumination, we should take as our criteria the combined effects of illumination and all of those factors which control and ' 'nnine visibility. This will the need also for long range vision. The analysis of underground visual tasks is therefore not an easy one. Fortunately, the procedure is simplified in that many of the tasks underground do not call for concen trated detail (such as would be necessary in, say, precision machining in a workshop). quickly from a lighted environment to one which is less bright, there is an adverse ef fect upon visibility before die eyes become completely adapted to their new environ ment. Lack of uniformity in the visual field cre ates other problems due to the fact that the who are bored or maladjusted m who ( id their work uninteresting or diilieul: ! ; qncnlly complain about the di.trmlin-; ef fects of noise in their environment; in many instances, their complaints are simple p'i ;;alizations lo excuse their lac!; of suv. Vi themselves and to others. eyes tend to fixate points of intense light. ( Nevertheless, wc cam mi- ; 1 1007 National Safety Congress inactions to noise, because it is known that the accumulative effects of prolonged expo sure are physiologically dangerous, through loss of sensitivity to tones, through deteriora tion of the hearing function of the inner ear, anti eventually through permanent audiomet- ric damage. Psychological factors arc also involved. Certainly, noise serves to distract and re duce the effectiveness of a worker and de crease his output. Intermittent noise is the most obnoxious, particularly during any pe riod of adjustment to a new task or in new surroundings. Evidence indicates that, if a worker remains in a noisy situation which distracts him initially, he may eventually adapt to it, and regain his original loss of output. While this may be so, the fact is often wrongly interpreted to mean that, in the long run, continued exposure to noise docs not have any adverse effects. Such a generalization is definitely unjustified. Some investigators have found that the ef fect of noise on work output depends upon the nature of the work; a long term job re quiring constant vigilance is especially sus ceptible. The effect of noise is more likely to be a higher rate of errors and accidents rather than an actual reduction in total out put. The attention of the worker wanders from tile icb in hand more often as tire noise level increases. Further, noise is more likely to lead to increased errors and accidents if its value exceeds 90 db., and high frequency audible noise is more harmful in this respect than low frequency noise. Noise and its effects have given rise to much controversy in industry. How danger ous can it be? Has it a deleterious effect upon worker performance? Docs it effect certain types of work more than others? Has it a detrimental effect upon worker adjust ment? The intensity noise level is probably the most important single factor in determining the severity of exposure, but the duration of exposure is also important. The threshold level of noise that the car can withstand for some tinre without audiometric damage is of the order of 90 db. Since the average pneu matic percussive rock drill produces some 120-130 db., the problem is not one to be brushed aside lightly. The underground mining environment has become progressively so noisy that speech communication in a confined area is difficult if not impo'.'ihh for this reason, speech interference levels arc evaluations of impor tance. The consonants contain most of the informative values in speech but unfortu nately they are more readily masked than vowels because the consonant sounds are weaker. Noise may therefore mask certain speech sounds and not others. The energy of the various speech sounds is distributed over the frequency range of below 100 to above 10,000 c.p.s. The "s" in speech has an en ergy range of from 4,000-8,000 c.p.s.; in contrast, most of the "ec" in speech is dis tributed below 4000 c.p.s. Such variations in sound frequencies account for failure of speech communication in noisy environ ments. Insofar as industrial noise is generally un pleasant, it may be assumed that its correc tion will lead to better worker morale for the same reason that any consideration for the welfare of employees tends to produce a fa vorable reaction. Intermittent, high pitch, and high intensity noises are the most dis turbing so far as emotional reactions are con cerned. Some individuals are hypersensitive to noise and cannot make effective adjust ment. Ear defenders will invariably serve a use ful purpose, but it is difficult always to "sell" the principle. Personalized car plugs, cast for individual ears, are probably more readily acceptable. The use of mufflers and machine enclosures have proved partially effective in reducing noise levels in practice, but the noise surrounding even the muffled rock drill is still dangerously high. The greatest advan tage in relation to rock drill noise abatement will probably be made through improved de sign of the equipment and the application of human factors engineering. In every mine, some staff member should be responsible for the noise hazard. He should be equipped with noise and peak level meters, an octave band analyzer, and other standard equipment and he should be trained in their use and in interpreting their data. Periodical noise surveys should be car ried out and steps taken to mitigate this nui sance to personnel, impediment to produc tion and menace to health. In many cases, simple remedial steps are effective: others present topics for research. Of particular in terest, and something we know little about, is the influence of reverberation upon noise levels from machines and at the operator's ear: this is of importance in development ends, rises and other headings. 00065:-> aTM*'"" 7' Closely allied to noise is tli - evey^m^tUlpo ^p^alfMl11"' ' <' vibration and its effect upon Hons (ortf \*oinotuiiiV 4-lc- iily various parts. The human bodyjj with the capacities of the cqv i t*>-i ical system of considerable con slow speeds, the wftrhm may Inain. . a very limited passive range am tient, and fast speeds may di-ii ut 1 n tv- encc of vibration, its role is usually passive. cause of his inability to keep up 'vi'h ' The physical effects of vibration on man are In either case, accidents can happen. o! primarily mechanical, effects that produce the most important concepts in human fac notion and relative displacement and which tors engineering is the design of equip-.:-nt nay result in injury. in terms of human capabilities ami live '- Biologically, the body responds to stimuli tions. presented to its receptor organs and, of Difficulties arise when the conti'-l of these, the nerve endings are adversely af mechanisms becomes too complicated for fected by vibration. Piston-operated pneu normal human actions. With rn inoren-ing matic tools produce significant problems, due work-productivity tempo, it follows that ev to their vibrations which vary, ns the strokes, erything must be done to design the equip from 250 to 8,000 per minute. Tlio headier'* ment and to set up the operating pnx < lm- ; the tools usually the slower the vibration so ns to facilitate the greatest po>-:ii-|n rate. The "throw" of the machine also comes efficiency and safely. These are tin; aim: nt into question. Mechanical tool vibrations can human factors engineering, the application produce occupational disorders by injury to of which can have a big influence upon ll:.- the soft tissues of the hand (particularly the future working environment. There are s: v- palms), impairing the function of joints in cral points that can be more precisely staled: the arms (the elbows more than the wrists first, the designing engineer must have an and the wrists more than the shoulders), and understanding of the sense organs and Mv- creating vascular disturbances (evidenced by characteristics of human perception and m- intermittent pallor or cyanosis of the extrem sponse if a satisfactory operator reaction is to ities, the fingers in particular). The latter is be obtained from sounds, lights, meters, and known ns the Itaynard phenomenon, which other media in the operation of equipment is liable to be present in miners, riveters --man himself is a poor monitor of equip and the operators of vibrational tools gener ally. Vibration rates of 2,000-3,000 per min ute appear to be the worst offenders, but ment; second, the designer must not pineunreasonable demands upon the op.-ialor (in, say, reaching and operating a cou-o! or much still has to be learned about the sever a lever, or in clearly differentiating b. twee ity influence of the "throw" of the machine. two or more controls); third, the designer Human Factors Engineering and the Envi ronment. i must bear in mind that the operator may not always be at his peak but may suffer bom temporary impairment of faui line.-: In recent years, attention has been turned (through, say, fatigue) thereby causing inef to the co-ordination of machine design and ficiency, and that there may lie chan-, x in human adaptation to the machine itself. functional activities as a result of aging; end While he ultimate, though unattainable, goal would be for equipment and methods to be developed for each individual operator, the more practical view obviously is that op finally, the environmental conditions in which the equipment and operators a;: !> operate must be studied and thoroughly con sidered. timum conditions should be discovered and incorporated in the design of equipment for groups of workers. As work becomes more physically demanding, accidents may be ex pected to increase. The importance of work Attributing accidents to human fai Valone has sometimes been over-ouiphns:zOften, the underlying cause of the aieiil- ni can be traced to poor or inadequate cV igu of equipment, particularly in relation -.> th.- speed as a factor in safety is frequently un der-estimated. Ordinarily, with more stren uous operations, the speed of work falls off controls. (It might be pointed out that greater consideration could be given to In-design of controls in certain types of r- k considerably towards the end of a working drills from the viewpoint of audiom- '.<V day and, as a result, accidents may not be as damage to the operator at various open: nig high from this cause as they otherwise would positions. Experiments have shown 'hal, in be, unless physical fatigue intervenes. IIow- some machines, there arc otlu -n .. ! 1007 Xatior.cl Safely Congress fI i 000053 :ii 1" positions that would Ik' less hazardous in ug.ud lo noise reception). I lie woiking place is only one aspect of tin mining environment. Too machine is an other ami often an equally important one. It follows that special consideration should he ;:i\en to range, strength, speed and accuracy of hodily movements in relation to the de sign of machines, including their shape, size, direction of mmemeut. speed, and the loca tion of their controls. The Voichological Mining Environment. At one time, work was regarded its a phy.-ical phenomenon and productivity was the outcome of the application of physical (uergy; hut men arc no longer considered to he mere machines. We expect and receive productivity through a combination of men tal and physical work. Mental work refers to that hum of achievement in which remem bering, thinking, reasoning and judging are contributing elements, and physical work embraces those activities where speed, coor dination, and intensity of muscular response are the main concern of the individual. Min ing is one of those occupations where a com bination of both physical and mental coordi nation is called for and, in many cases, it is impossi <lc to separate the distinctive contri butions made by the respective factors. The most readily observable clfects of physical activity oh the individual arc in creased breathing rate, pulse rate, tempera ture, blood pressure, ami oxygen consump tion, and it is towards these physiological changes that mine air conditioning and other physical environmental controls are directed. Productive efficiency is bound up with both energy output and fatigue. Physical fatigue is derived from sheer physical causes and momentary "blocks" in an individual's output can be ascribed to his general physi cal condition; but we cannot overlook the mental aspects of fatigue, one of which is boredom, when the individual feels that his work presents no challenge and when his in terest in the immediate accomplishment of that work disappears. When this happens, he ends up in a motivational conflict and his pioductivity suflers. The problems of mental fatigue that arise from repetitive activities are not as pro nounced in mining as in some other indus tries. Nevertheless, they should not be over looked. An exr 'e from coal mining in the k'nited Kingil, perhaps of interest. The psychological cllcct of mechanization had been noted in the lougwall mining of narrow seams, with the same monotonous operations being repealed several times a shift. This applied particularly to the power loader operator who was called upon to travel to and fro along the lougwall face. Difficulties and dangeis from boredom arose, but were overcome i 1 j. I. f ( j by arranging for the loader operator to change jobs with one of the "stable" men at the end of each face traverse. The importance of such psychological factors in acci- t ( j; dent prevention is well-recognized. I Effective motivation can create a highly desirable mental anil psychological environ- ; incut and, for this reason, factors in the mo tivation of a milling work-force demand closer attention than they may have received ; in the past. Motivation of an individual can he scry different from motivation of a team. Today, men function both as individuals and j as team members and, in industrial team re- ' lationships, the psychological factors in- ~ volved can sometimes be used as criteria for evaluating productivity. 5 Productivity varies from worker to worker, S and an individual worker's production may | vary hourly, daily, or weekly; how much lie 5 produces is influenced both by his physical y condition and by his psychological attitude l to employment. Differences in production K rates between groups of workers are usually | greater than differences among the individu- t als forming each specific group. When variations in achievement and response vary from group to group comprising men of coinpnrable skills, some of tire variations can be at tributed to the groups themselves. Perhaps one group has been accorded more sclf-dircction than another, or in one group some individual emerges as a leader. In other words, some groups become teams more so ; > ; i than others. s The increased working solidarity within j the group often extends fo increased solidar- t ity in their off-work activities. This sort of j tiling could become very important in the sociological problems of an isolated mining - community. But, group productivity may [ suffer, if sociological factors are ignored or f treated as unimportant--in spite of incentive ' payments that could normally be expected to ' stimulate productivity. I Studies in the efficiencies of large versus ' small mining work organizations have been undertaken overseas. Some time ago, note was made of the comparative success of small mines, particularly collieijJgjQtiOwcr job to maintain high iri6f.il- accident rates and increased m'o^DtfVity high productivity--two object were ascribed to a higher ratio or ;!^i.dnage- get her. 1 rial supervision". Current studiesjjfcnd . to show that tire beneficial effects Wablished The Sociological Mining Eiwimm.i under these conditions can he applied to the Let us turn momentarily lo It": i. ' re-organization of larger mines. The princi cal aspects of our minim', (o-.iioo ' 3, pal change that has been recommended in the existing organization of large mines is the strengthening of on-the-job supervision or "management", by recognizing the work ing face as the basic unit of production and stead of studying human bi ha-.io'- a- of individual or persumirt china .'r- > : ciology is the study of wild i ! between people, in linns of vaim , ' vision of labor, authority patterns, m o .. o.i by building from there a structure which There is more to the lichavim- n! I a limits the size and diversity of any one level beings than can ho explained in t urn i in of managerial supervision. It has been sug dividuals. The .statement by Sto at ( ii : gested that, from a human viewpoint, vefy .should he noted: "Any induliid ii a- large mine organizations would function lx:t- tion perforins two major function! tha i. a- tcr if they were, in effect, a collection of nomic one of producing goods and lb : . i d smaller mines, each with a sense of individu one of creating and distributing human - .it ality and purpose. faction among the people under its . ! .r ' < In such ways ns these human relation lion. If the company's hmoaii orvani ' ships, both individual and group, arc being out of balance, all of the cllicicn; y .. vastly improved in the United Kingdom coal in the world would not improve tlv or1 id . mining industry. The individual worker feels With the introduction of trc'v 'o '1 , closer identification with the job and the su techniques and technologic, it 3 - i a ! pervisor "senses" belter control of the opera that consideration be given to both the iel tions. It has been contended that organiza and psychological consequences -I im. . i- tions can perhaps become too large for the tion. Even with existing method:., tlv 'r so individual worker to develop any sense of ciological influences should bs examm 'd. "belonging", which is an essential clement in Very little work appears to have been ' full worker cooperation, j on the sociological aspects of I lie miir'm in At this juncture, I wish to refer momen dustry on this continent. The little that Vi; tarily to the psychological aspects of acci been done should bo studied. For exam, k, dents and of safety consciousness. The psy an analysis of the psychiatric sliuli-s w an chological facets of the accident environment Eastern Kentucky coal Mining ccumm'.dy i : should receive much closer attention. The rewarding. mere adaptation of breezy accident preven tion slogans and the competitive registration of lost time statistics are not good enough. The "grid" theory, that was originally de signed for managerial interpretation, lias been found to be applicable to supervisory responsibilities and, it is suggested, could be equally effective in its application to safety training programs. But studios of considerable si- i.ifii - a'-a have recently been conducted in th .' k i d Kingdom and are being continued. Oj in teresting study concerns the iiilroriiv >a a of mechanization to replace the old,v 'radwinning methods of coal mining. In m icy cases, a change that was techno'-: > i!y efficient was only partially succc\fcl in >'.< effectiveness because it cut across am The role of the supervisor is extremely im portant as an environmental factor. Is his to be an emphasis centered only upon higher productivity? or is it to be an emphasis nil his subordinates' welfare? or is it to bo a blend of both? The role of the supervisor in mining activities is distinctly different from that in other industries. He is confronted with widely-spaced work points, difficult of access, in unusual conditions of rock struc ture, of lighting) of noise, and the like; his is network of supervisory activities. It is his vations. These difficulties have grad:- been overcome through the developer.,; >' more strongly-knit primary woik gumps. A somewhat related study of the c . r- conncction between workers and their : - logical interests is also available. Lidn r : : safety has long been a problem in d ing, where safety depends upon an . . - ness of individual and inter-group "y,i i- bilily for the working conditions left for c!!i- ers (who follow on the next s' !. o' close group feeling could lead c k1 ' . iuilit.iwil Hofely Con/;rc:,7 Will) mechanization, accidents showed a serioiis incrcaso anel it was considered that tlic duruptiou of social groups by mechanization might be a major cause. In an attempt to coned this piohlcm on the job, management took slops to rebuild the social orguiizalion of the work group off the job by recreational ioi otives. At the same time, they empha sized the interdependence of the shift groups and the social organization of the mine as a whole. Within less than a s car, the accidents in I lie mines handled in this manner dci ic.i-cd significantly in comparison with sim ilar units that did not follow these policies. The sensitivity of social factors both on and off the job should be properly studied and i;i h. d i fleclivcly by management. In the evaluation of productivity, the eco nomic, mental, and social environment of the wother must he taken into account. At 011c time, industry tended to concentrate almost rntiicly upon "economic considerations''-- the amount of product, the quality of prodin t. wastage, errors, damage, lost time, compi motion claims, and so on. Some attention was then given to the "physiological and physical demands" on the industry-safely and injuries, short term illnesses, permanent effects on a alth, absenteeism, and so on. In nunc lecont years, "psychological considera tions" have heen receiving some attention-- fatigue, emotion, monotony, job pride, work satisfaction, motivation, personality adjust ment, etc. Now, industry finds it both nccess.irv and advantageous to include "sociologicd factors" in its considerations--worker adjustment, family contentedness, levels and standards of living, cultural and social amcn- ilk., the impact of adolescence, the prob- ! uis of isolation, and the like. 7 he Mining Communilij and Iho Mining Eiit honincni. The mining industry of both Canada and Al.i'ka is a powerful factor in the develop ment of those countries. Many mining com munities, particularly the newer ones, arc es sentially single enterprise in their concept and are usually located north of the strip of settlement along the US.A./Canada holder. '! In se communities, which constitute "iso- I fed mining environments", am destined to play an even more significant role in the fu ture, particularly as the mining industry it- 'clf expands and ds its finntiers further 1! u ! nv. aid. Such mining communities present certain special environmental features that may af fect the working and social lives of the com munity--the miners and their families. In their development and structure, these com munities follow broadly the same pattern as the mine that they serve: the reconnaissance, the development and, finally, the productive or mature, stage of establishment, in each of which management, in its relation to the community work-force, can face problems differing in scope and in intensity. The composition of these later day com munities varies from those of the earl}' set- 1 tiers in North America. Replacing the small ! free trade industries of hunting and fishing, j mining communities are closely related to I the expanding industrial growth of the cities, in that they rely upon very much the same type of labor and skills as their urban coun terparts. For this reason, some degree of ur banity is essential to these new communities since, in order to compete with city-based industries, housing, amenities, and 1 salary/wage scales must be adequately at- | tractive. In order to minimize the problems arising from the mobility of labor and labor turn over, mine management is finding that it must give more than cursory thought, not only to housing and amenities, but to the social and communal life of the mine work-force. Govemments also have an important environ mental part to play through the provision of roads, educational and communicative facili ties, and the like. It lias been said that inadequate planning lias been a feature of many of tire isolated mining communities even in the recent past, and proposals for the future suggest that the essential aspects of community development which should perhaps receive closer atten tion include siting, planning, administration, housing policies, recreation, community insti tutions, and public relations. It is essential to develop a foil apprecia tion of the sociological oif-the-job factors to be introduced into the concept of mining towns of the future. Employees should be encouraged to enter upon all phases of their social environment as full community partici pants, freed from any form of company po litical pressure, and should be encouraged to act and behave ns citizens. Management and men both have a part to play in community affairs and, in a community sense, must each oooi;5'i 'JiA; i . contribute to the other's overall p.'Sjltipation. In single enterprise communities indtistria] one whistle--'"his master's vni> <!" should be a "buffer" by way t>[ a ml ; I-. between the township sfte-^nd tin m relations could well become,.in e0fec$**4fo< inunlty relations because the company comes into contact with the miners themselves and tions site to reduce such lriiplngcmu:! Strenuous efforts should he made u o- ing recreational l:icilili< s, community nm 1 ot with their wives and children os well. In the company-supported, to eater for olf-wci!: k i- early stages, the company has often been surc periods. Shift work presents its ovn so called upon to play the combined role of cial problems in any case, but it can a'.;: ' employer, banker, chief taxpayer, home pro ducc accessibility to recreational f-.\< Mi' - vider and local government, a role which lias unless special arrange limits an: m i ( ns- sometimes led to difficult social relations be eminent* have a vital inlen.al in F.ilai J. tween company officials and "townspeople". mining communities, which, by coming lul Under such conditions, the company may being, constitute loci of further national cl; - have been impelled to assume a paternalistic velopmcnt; it is important that iqi-so-'.bcattitude towards its employees and their de minutc news or the National Hoc key pendents, in an effort to make the coinimi-'.' -James can be enjoyed, not only in f.Icel nity "one happy family". and Montreal, 1ml in flic most isola'-.d m' "Keeping the wives happy" is often a dif ing community. ficult organizational problem. Wives develop The automobile straddles the. distance be feelings of claustrophobia, notably in com tween tlic isolated community and its no.- rt .t munities in the midst of or up against moun neighboring largo centre, if highway.-. are tains, or surrounded by forests or the rela provided. Miners arc able to relax away fn"-: tively barren Canadian shield. For personal the mine at reasonably frequent in riad.--.. contentment, wives enjoy the ability to shop, One gathers that it is the view o! t!"- to have a "hair-do", to participate in church ners of some of the newer isolated cm me e - or recreational activities all of the year ties that, if properly used, the tov.n's olid- round, and to feel that their children too are amongst the trees, reeks, water, ;md o'I -r in an adequate social environment. Some arc natural features could he so developed as to confronted with the predicament of adoles encourage the company employee and Id; cent youth, who, growing into adulthood in family to think of their community m no re : iw isolated community, arc faced with a di resort than as a miniature city. If cii:i-s lemma that the city youth does not encoun could be persuaded to accept such a view ci ter--anxiety regarding a future vocation, or living in an isolated community, much co d.I merely the future (particularly in relation to probably bo done to improve the t o.........o-l daughters), education (particularly second environment, which impinges upon th- d ary and higher education), and so on. These to-day mining activities. arc the problems of the miner and his family In Canada and Alaska, when: (he I im'.I- os a unit, giving rise to anxieties which may of mining arc pushing furiher and 'mil' be carried on to tire job. Companies are find northwards, and where mining in the in!'-: ing it beneficial to make every effort to assist will call for tlic solution of the prcMi m I family units to overcome these problems "arctic" mining, the upper echelons of man which, through their impact, could have ad agement arc now realizing the imparl M d verse psychological and sociological effects these sociological and communal pi >l f nr upon company operations. will have on the exploitation of this cm ii- In the isolated mining communities, one sometimes hears the comment: "When you come home from the mine, the mine comes with you". This reflects the mental attitude of both the miner and his wife. It is proba bly more emphatic if the living quarters arc within car-shot of tlic company whistle or if the miner lives in a company-owned house. The whistle itself has been known to create nmblems through resentment because, in the le enterprise community, there is only nent's mineral wealth. Feasibility :iudii s id the future must embrace not only tin k < ff.d cal and economic factors, but the bm u factors as well. Necessity will fern. : I' dove-tailing of these facets of oigan'niti.'u: ' behavior. Rut necessity should not b- 'V only impelling, motivation and tun "d>w in dustry as a whole should, under lit-:- i; i d conditions of its expanding existence. :-.s predate the importance of those factors m-d their composite contribution to '' a tional environment. 1567 Setional Safety Congress Conclusion. In tin's review, a number of topics, which a few years ago would not have been consid ered relevant to the mining environment, have been discussed: some of the topics would have been considered beyond the scope of the engineer and engineering man agement. It is possible that little new has la" n introduced into individual environmen tal facets, but the review will have served a useful purpose if it has brought the several farets together and demonstrated their inter relationships insofar as the total environment brace, or arc influenced bv, other training and disciplines which impinge upon his own professional responsibilities and which are coming more and more into his orbit. I am impressed by both the potential and the problems of the north, problems which lie within the sphere of responsibility of the management of single enterprise communi ties, of which the mining industry provides the principal examples. I consider that an understanding and fuller appreciation of these problems should be included in the present day training of mining engineers, upon whom will fall the future task of plan of our industry is concerned. ning, and bringing into production, the min In the past, mining engineers have not been called upon to study closely the psy chological and sociological problems' of their own industry and even physiological aspects have not been as fully appreciated as the background to many of our physical environ mental controls should demand. Today, we arc realizing that they are important, not only in day-to-day policies of safety and ac cident prevention, but in routine processes of personnel control and personnel manage ment. The engineer is rapidly expanding his knowledge and his influence into these newer fields, because feasibility studies of new mining ventures recognize them as fac tors in the ultimate success of the enterprise. Educationally, the mining engineer must be trained to think in these broader terms. His is often the decision on problems that em eral resources of this continent. Even established managements may End it beneficial to recast their thinking and modify their approach to industrial problems that are constantly in a state of change ns indi viduals and communities develop their self- expressions and modify their attitudes to wards environmental conditions. In many of tiro older mines, it may perhaps be difficult to adjust fully to the changes and tempo, not only of newer technological development, but present day trends in soctol and person ality adaptations. The management of newer mines can grasp the opportunity to analyze and benefit from the broader approaches. In our joint planning, as mining engineers con cerned with the training for, and application of, our profession, all aspects of the miner and his environment must necessarily be considered. 0 0 0 6 fi fi THE NEW FED SAFETY LEGISLATE!! AND Yi UR OPERATIONS By ROBERT II. McPIIILLAMEY Ass't. Solicitor, Mines and Coal Research, Office of the Solicitor, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. An interest in safety in all phases of in tion of health and safety in in il > . ! dustry, particularly the mining industry, is nonmctallic industries. manifested ia various forms of positive ac 2. The Act piuvidcs for a modili' i i id tion to promote and improve safety and is Federal-Stale program of inspections he : being carried on by individual companies, an agency of the state has adeonat: 1 d mining associations, safety organizations, mi authority to enforce its own existing r-.hh neral trade associations, employee organiza and safety standards which in the jud'-m: m tions, and by agencies of the State and Fed - of the Secretary of the Interior ar: su! '. r i- eral governments. tially as effective as the mandatory st itahnv ; One method of positive action in the field promulgated and adopted by the .':rricl u;-, of mine safety is the enactment of a law. and which provide for inspection at lea t an This method does not always meet with uni nually of mines oilier than quarries and sand fied agreement when the law provides for and gravel pits that arc subject to the Art. the entry of the Federal government into a This aspect of tire law affords the oppmle field of activity, whether it is in mining ac nity for, and emphasis on, the drvri. pm. .0. tivities or somo other industrial activity. and administration of health and Some would prefer that each segment of an codes, standards, or regulations by ?'. industry develop its own safety programs, States. The Slate plan provisions of t!. V adapted to its own peculiar conditions--in will be discussed later in more detail. short, "self-policing". Others would prefer 3. 'file Federal government is I'm11..- that authority to develop and administer jeeted into the program of positive ad inn 1 , safety codes, standards, or regulations be left the area of health and safety research, i:am- at die state or local levql. The position is taken by some that the activities of tiic Fed eral government should be confined to im proving health and safety research, training, ing and the collection, compilation. :md analysis of accident statistics, 'the Act m vides that expanded programs should bn d. vcloped for the education and trninim; ; and die collection, compilation, and analysis employers and employees in the lerovnit: .>, of accident statistics. The Federal Metal and avoidance, and prevention of acchf-n's m Nonmctallic Mine Safety Act is a composite unsafe or unhcnlthful working condition: hi of all those views, and there is room for all the mines. The use of the term "cpaml,-.i to operate concurrently. programs is a recognition of what fh. i'n- The purpose of the Act is to promote rcau of Mines has been doing for years, ,vi!h health aryl safety in inetal and nonmetallic the cooperation of employers and employ. . mineral industries; or, expressed in a differ The Act further provides that operehu e! ent manner, to reduce the accident rates and mines shall submit, at least annually :m ! at improve health and safety conditions in min such other times as the Secretary ol the !o>- ing and milling operations. lior deems necessary, reports of m" eh e , Having expressed a purpose xvhat docs the Act do to accomplish it? injuries, occupational diseases, and > l.c d data, and the information obtainr*.' finethese reports shall be complied. 1. It establishes a Federal program of sys and published, either in summary or r : ! tematic inspection of those operations of form. All the information and repml: : a . each mine the products of which regularly published and released to any inter, A ,1 r< - enter commerce, or the operations of which son and they shall be made a aiiai ' affect commerce, ami it requires the devel public inspection. opment, promulgation, and enforcement of 4. Where does "self-policing" fit id" liealdi and safety standards. Thus, the Fed- picture? Standards may be dc'-i-v ' : al got eminent is injected into the promo promulgated; statistics may be '! ! Itltu National Sa/clij Congress OFFICERS OF THE MININS SECTION National Safety Council 1967-68 Ccnaal Clmiiman -- Honi.iii' M. Neil, Tito Ihmna Mining Co., Agents, fron River, Michigan. Chairman-Elect--Auxs D. Look, U. S. Rmcau of Mines, Duluth, Minn. Si einul Viec-Clminntni--W. R. Fuaseii, Mines Accident Prevention Association of Ontario, Noitli Hay, Out., Canada. Third Vice-Chairman--\ioy G. Stott, l1. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C. Si i retail/--II. C. 1'umi'iun, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Salt Lake City, Utah. Panel l Chairman-Elect Engineering Committee--Chaiii.es C. Hilton (Chairman), U. S. Smelting Refining & Mining Co., Salt Lake City, Utah; Laiihy S. Hansen, Northwestern Mining Department, American Smelting tt Refining Co., Wallace. Idaho; Neil H. Duke, lie.la Mining Company, Hchcr City, Utah; E. W.Mto Riciiaiius, The Hanna Mining Compans, Agents, Iron Hirer, Michigan: Dan Tiiavis, U. S. Steel Company, Jefferson City, Tcnn.: Biiuce Moll. Erie Mining Company, Hoyt Lakes, Minn.; Maiivin E. Johnson, The Anaconda Company, Hntte, Mont.; Emm G. Michels, While Pine Copper Co., White Pines, Michigan; Routrrr Johnson, Miami Copper Co., Div. Tennessee Corp., Miami, Arizona. Ih/gicnc and Ventilation Committee--J. H. Bovin (Chairman), Erie Mining Company, Iloyt Lakes, Minn.; R. J. Seaiilk, U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, Salt Lake City, Utah; W. A. Baiidsutch, De|iartmcnt of Mining & Applied Ceophysics, McGill University, Montieal, Quebec, Canada; Donald L. Waiineii, m.i>.. Department of Industrial Medi cine, East Range Clinics, Ltd., Hoyt Lakes, Minn.; EnwAim DesRociiehs, United States Gypsum Co., Chicago, HI.; T. E. Newkirk, Melntyre-Poreupine Mines, Ltd., Schumacher, Ontario, Canada. Ojf-thc-Job Sufetij Committee--Allen D. Look (Chairman), U. S. Bureau of Mines, Du luth, Minn.; M. R. Fraser, Mines Accident Prevention Association of Ontario, North Bay, Out., Canada; Roy G. Stott, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C. Statistics Committee--Owen B. Boland (Chairman), Caland Ore Company, Ltd., Atikokan. Ontario, Canada; FonnEST T. Moyeii, Chief, Accident Analysis Branch, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.; Douclas F. Coleman, Bethlehem Mines Corporation, Corn wall. Pa.; Wu.inr.o I. Pelletier, Lake Asbestos of Quebec, Ltd., Black Lake, Quebec, Canada. rancl 11 Second Vicc-Chaiiman Newsletter Editor--Louis J. Zaveul, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Duluth, Minn. Trainio" Committee--C. Naimeii (Chairman). International Minerals & Chemical Corp., Kslerlia/y, Sask , Canada; j. A. Bennett, V. S. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa.; C. J. Haight, Algoma Ore Properties Div.. Algnma Steel Corp., Wawa, Out., Canada; Ed. IIlakny, Pe*-sh Company of America, Saskatoon. Saskatchewan, Canada; John S. Kelly, U. S. Bur f Mines. Pittsburgh, Pa.; D, W. ltoucir, Wabush Mines, Wabush, Labra dor, Can,-U d. E. Rowan, The Anaconda Company, Brittannia Beach, B. C., Canada jfg 0o0o0o6o5h(o1 11 in: ': /: Visual Education Committee--WALTEiiflj'uliNiii.sON (Chairman), The 1 humu Mini Agents, llihlring, Minn.; II. J. AmiitgjS. llomestiikr-Sapin I'ailners, Cr: mis, I}!: v. R. C. Du Naui.t, Calumet mid llcicfa Inc., Calume t Div., Calumet; French, The Anaconda Co., Creat^idLf;"Mont.; A. W. Ness, Amrr iean Sna ei Refining Co., Salt Lake City, Utah; William L. Smith, The Auacond a Co., Unit' tana; Melvin Jl. Taylor, Cananea Consolidated Mining Co., S. A.. Canal.' a. Mexico; Ron R. Southerland, Tennessee Copper Company, Coppra hill.. Teen. Associations-ruhlicity Committee--Joseph Hall (Chairman), Reserve Mining (>.. D! ' Bay, Minn.; Ceoiice O. Aiicall, Jr., E. M. World Mining, Brussels 5, Belgium: Ui i; o Knoulock, Mining Congress Journal, Washington, D. C.; Alvin W. Knoeiii:, Kir/en ri" and Mining Journal, New York, N. Y.; Cuius Mamen, Canadian Mining Journal. Geidi uvale, Que., Canada; Richako N. 1'aull, The Ilaimn Mining Co., Agents, llihhiiej, Minn.: J. G. Hickaby, International Nickel Company, Copper Cliff, Out.. Canada: Doth Skillings, Skillings Mining Review, Duluth, Minn.; W. J. Tiiiesen, Republic Shv! Cm:-., Port Henry, New York. i Panel 111 Third Vice-Chairman Program Committee-Roreut W. Van Kveh.v ((.'haiimae >, American Mining Congress, Washington, D. C.; II. D. Stott, Calumet 6: Ih' l... ti e., Evanston, Illinois; J. W. Jkffiiies, Mines Accident Prevention Assn, of Manilntm. i;,.. .,. 818, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Wesley G. Johnson, Inland Steel Ompc.-iv. t,. peining, Mich. Membership Committee--T. T. Pinder (Chairman), Utah Division, Kennecott Cupp t 'u.p.. Salt Lake City, Utah; D. W. Henry, Hecla Mining Company, Wallace. Idah : J. I Doyle, MacLeod Cockslmtt Cold Mines Ltd., Ccraldlon, Ontario, Canada: !( <i > Baldeck, International Salt Company, Clarks Summit, Pa.; J. )'. Moiioan, .Slaulh r ' lc nical Company of Wyoming, Green River, Wyo.; E. P. Suomi, Chief, Div. ul Ac-M ut Prevention & Health, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.; Joseph 'I'. Mo ;nv Ray Mines Div., Kennecott Copper Corp., Hayden, Ariz. Entertainment Committee--Everett Wiiitk (Chairman), Mine Safely \t>j Pittsburgh, Pa.; F. D. Woleiien, U. S. Steel Corporation, Virginia, Minn. District Deprcsentaliees--Northeastern District, Joserii II. Wkeki-s. Mew Jersey Zinc Com pany, Ogdcnsburg, New Jersey; Southeastern District, Joseph IIaiuiison, Trout s-tt 1 amper Co., Copper Hill, Tenn.; Western District, W. Lynn IIaiit, American Smeliia ' wd Refining Co., Wallace, Idaho; Southwestern District, R. L. Johnson, Chino Mines Die. Kennecott Copper Corp., Hurley, N. M.; Eastern Canada District, II. R. Editor of Panorama, Noranda Mines Limited, Noranda, Quebec, Canada; Weshtn l eu. ada District, J. D. McDonald, Mining Association of B. C., Vancouver, H. C.. >! .. r Research and Planning Committee--'Harold F. Thompson, American Zinc Co., `in..':, Tcnn.; Ili;nBEiT A. Wendel, The Anactimla Co., Bureau of Safety, Butte, Mont.: ' h' i : A. Cooke, Falconbridge Nickel Mines Ltd., Faleonhridge, Ontario, Canada: I'.d'.i u n ;'. Leonard, Inland Steel Co., Ishpoming, Mich.; *C. R. Neil, Bethlehem Mine;. <m; Cornwall, Pa. Nominating Committee--'Harold F. Thompson (Chairman), American Zinc Co., Me a. Tenn.; IIeiiiiert A. Wendel, The Anaconda Co., Bureau of Safety, Butte, N'onl : SJ : A. Cooke, Faleonhridge Nickel Mines Ltd., Faleonhridge, Ontario, Canada. Staff Representative--Clinton II. |ocii, National Safety Council, -125 N. Mi'-hii.... Chicago, Illinois 60611, Past General Chairman. r. OFFICERS OF THE J PETROLEUM SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967"' General Chairman--O. C. Haiku, The Standard Oil Co., ( ;n Ohio Coni.). Cli-w !:n"'. Vice General Chairman and Neioslclter Editor-- F. \V. Mu.is, Tin- M.iratlnri f :? Findlay, Ohio , Assistant Newsletter Editor--"Glenn F. Stednit/., UOP Chemical Division. ?<! /.: ' . Program Chairman--]. G. Lowrance, Service Pipe Lino Co., Tulsa, Okla. Secretary and Cameron Award Chttirman-C. W. Listen, Phillips Petroleum Co . ; > ville, Okla. I' Chairman, Dio. of Manufacturing-). Howard Stark, Smilidc Refining Co.. Oiristl, Tex. V' Chalnnan, Dio. of Marketing--W. A. Malloy, Texaco Inc., New Yoilc, N. V. iii ! Chairman, Dio. of Pipelines--L. W. Kinison, Shell Pipe Line Corp., Houston, T> ;. Chairman, Dio. of Production, Drilling, 6- Exploration--Kenneth V. Rnooi.s, Ci'ii [Vi Oil Co., Tulsa, Okla. , Chairman, Off-the-]ol> Safctsj--Harry Britt, Atlantic Richfield Co.. Pint Arthur, I Zi Chairman, Education 6- Training--C. N. Smolja.n, Mobil Oil Corp., East Chicago. > >y- i gr Chairman, Health Committee--Dn. Harold \V. Sides, American Oil Co., Cliicaco. til r Cliairmon, Publicity and Public Relatinns-R. J. Larson, The Ansnl Co.. M.'iir..!!: * Chairmen, Actioities and Membership: Atlantic Region--A. D. Jounson, Paragon Oil Long" Island City, N. Y.; Gulf Coast Region--Stanley Atherton, Getty Oil Ci\. I Ion, Tex.; Great Lakes Region--A. A. Fhidrycii, Universal Oil Products Co., Des I I III.; Mid-Continent Region--Fiiank K. Licim oor, Skclly Oil Co., Tuki. Ol la.: c Coast Ilegioii--Murray Hamilton, Mobil Oil Co., Torrance, Calif. 000657 lers-At-Large--W. L. Avrett, Mobil Oil Corp., New York, N. Y.: D. F. Ci:i:> flair Refining Co., Harvey, 111.; VV. A. Denoes, Jr., Mobil Oil Corp., l'anlsUno Paulsboro, N. J.; Alexis de Tarnowsky, Pure Oil Company, a Division of I Oil.Company of California, Palatine, III.; Roiikiit Dii.lsaveii, Cities Service Co. York, N. Y.; W. K. Dotson, Great Northern Oil Company, St. Paul, Minn,; i'.v LEY' ^'mrican Oil Co., Chicago, III.; J. U. Parker. Humble Oil it: Pk linin': ? *oj|j ston> Tex.; Dale Bickauaucii, Cities Service Oil Co., limtlcsvillc. Okla.: ! <: IwflLiNs, Ethyl Corp., Houston, Tex. Liaison Representatives From Associations--Lamaji Deupree, Association of Oilwell Servic ing Contractors, Dallas, Tex.; E. H. Falun, National Petroleum Refiners Assn., Wuh- ington, D. C.; I. J. Fisheh, Jr., American Assn, of Oilwell Drilling Contractors, Dallil, % Texas; J. F. McKenna, American Petroleum Institute, New York, N. Y.; Paul Wnr, iU. S. Bureau of Mines, Dallas, Tex. Chairman, Advisory and Study Committee-- `Roland Pryor, Phillips Petroleum Co., Bartles PLAN ville, Okla. NOW TO Members, Advisory 6- Study Committee-- `Carl Adams, Continental Oil Co., Houston, Texas; S. Ross C.uut, Gulf Oil Corp., Houston, Texas; *Frel> Claidohne, Pan Ameiican Petroleum Corp., Houston, Texas; `Parker C. Foi.se, Mobil Oil Corporation, ATTEND New York, N. Y.; C. II. Linduerc, Sinclair Oil & Gas Company, Tulsa, Okla,; *IL T. ' THEMarkee, Phillips Petroleum Co., Bartlesville, Okla.; `Glenn F. Stednitz, UOP Chemical. Division, McCook, III.; `Quincy V. Tuma, Texaco Inc., Houston, Tex. Fast General Chairmen--C. D. Attaway, Thlokol Chemical Corp., Marshall, Tex.; G. B. NATIONAL SAFETY Oim'PU' Black, Sun Oil Co., Philadelphia, Pa.; II. \V. Boccess, (Ret.); Walter Boon, (Ret}, A. W. Breeland, (Ret.); J. II. Brown, (Ret.); William F. Burius, (Ret.); R. D. Ebemli, OCTOBER 28-31, 1968 / CONRAD HILTON l!0m, n;t': filer.;; D. M. Faiuiell, (Ret.); D. A. Klkmme, (Ret.); J. II. McKenzie, Mobil Oil Cwp, 150 E. 42nd St., New York, N. Y. 10017; F. R. McLean, Consultant; J. Howard Mum, (Ret.); Georce F. Prussinc, Consultant; R. B. Roapeii, (Ret.) The Congress is always a big week, a worthy,bii; for the 13,000 safety people who altend. 0 Stajl Representative--G. Smiiii.ey, National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago III. G0011. `Past General Chairman : At the *68 Congress you can meet other snfr-t/ r -pi ., with the same problems and responsibilities ;i ; vourr rli! You can exchange views and ideas on accid ;;t'>;ruv--,.tion, health, hygiene, and fire prevention .. . on n;; 'i in industry, traffic, school, at home and c;i !h' You can see the largest of all safely equipment exhibits at the Congress ... an opportunity for you to in d.r: v !1informed buying decisions for your company. This four-day educational program, planned : i>d p ... sented by the National Safety Council, can L ; yont : most thought-provoking, most worthwhile - -i - , , rience in 1968. Make plans early to attend the 1968 Congress r ;;d brim? the other people in your organization who ha,-' --i*-ir responsibilities. FUTURE CONGRESS DATES 1968 October 28-31 1969 October 27-30 1970 October 26-29 1971 October 25-28 1972 October 23-26 NATIONAL SAFETY C 0 U M I ! 425 NORTH h AVENUE CHICAGO, HI 000668 9$* v-: " . . ' * i 'l l* tit 1.. OOOGfi r > OFFICERS OF THE PUBLIC UTILITIES SECTION national Safety Council 1967-68 Membership Committee--M. flMp^^toj- ^Cliainnaii),,Safety Supervisor, The L.. E. Co., Villa Park, 111.; MAYNASYifjf-Pettit (Vice Chairman), Geinial Plan1. Pruni" Supervisor, Southwestern Befcffigfeialionc..Co,, St. Louis,- Mq.;.Pau}. jVi isnso'., !\ Bureau of Safety, Chicago, IllT .............. '-'J'ftrrr Hcwsletler Committee--Robert H. Ward (Editor), Safety Director, Omaha TuMic Pc- - r District, Omaha, Nebr.; Colon F. Stanley (Vice Chairman), Safety Manager, Ge-iorr! Telephone Co. of Florida, Tampa, Fla.; Thomas C. McKeli.y. Dir. of Ttnini-e; & S . Laclede Gas Co., St. Louis, Mo. General Chairman--Kenneth G. Crecar, System Safety Director, Metropolitan Edison Reading, Pa. ;v Off-the-Job Safety Committee--Ernest W. Traut (Chairman), Safety Director, Genera! Telephone Co. of Pennsylvania, Erie, Pa.; Eurene If. Wessells, Jii., Safely Supervisor, Western Massachusetts Electric Co., West Springfield, Mass.; Donald N. Moore. t Engineer Assistant, Los Angeles Dept, of Water & Power, Los Angeles, Calif. First Vice-Chairman--13. J. Lorenz, Manager of Safety, Northern Indiana Public Service:. Co., Hammond, Ind. Publicity Committee--Bon Cooper (Chairman), Manager of Personnel A Safely, Jude-.! in! Generating Co., Rockdale, Texas; Harold R. Lewis ( Vice Chairman), Safely :::m :. Supervisor, Pacific Telephone & Telcgraph^Co., San Francisco, Calif. Second Vice-Chairman--Marvin B. Travis, Corporate Safety Director, Northern Natural" Gas Co., Omaha, Ncbr. Research Committee--Thomas II. Edwards (Chairman), Safely Practices Supci< i-r-, Southern Bel! Telephone & Telegraph Co., Atlanta, Ga.; William W. Vwr.ut-or.i- (Vico Secretory--John R. Yeaman, Jr., Division Safety Engineer, Virginia Electric & Power Co, Alexandria, Va. . Chairman), Plant Supervisor - Safety, The Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co., V.'adiington, D. C.; Thomas A. Brown, Jr., Supervisor-Safety, The Bell Telephone Co. or ; Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.; James D. iIoac, Safety Director, Union Electric Program Committee--William J. Bryan (Chairman), Safety Engineer, Mlchigan-Wisconsta M s. . St. Louis, Mo. Pipeline Co., Detroit, Mich.; Tiiomas V. Keane (Vice Chairman--Electric), Safety Repre- sentative, Philadelphia Electric Co., Philadelphia. Pa.; Alex PiEnsoN (Vice Chairman- Gas), Safety Engineer, Philadelphia Gas Works, Philadelphia, Pa.; Robert F. Mills (Vice : Chairman--Communications), General Safety Supvr., Mountain Denver, Colo.; Town T. Cai-pio (Vico Chairman--Water), City TDept., Philadelphia, Pa. States Telephone Co,i of Philadelphia Water ., \:v, Prevention Administrator, Long Island Lighting Co., Hicksvillc, N. Y.; Itoiiiarr M. Mr Director, Training, Employment & Safety, American Electric Power Service Corp.. ; York, N. Y.; Harry W. Becker, Safety Manager, American Cas Association. New \ Technical Publications Committee--Herman C. Pottiiast (Chairman), Safety Officer, O.S.1 N. Y. D,nt. of Agriculture, Rural Electrification Admn., Washington, D. C.; J. E. Appel (Vice Chairman--Electric), Safety Engineer, Commonwealth Edison Co., Chicago, 111.; Donald E. Ryan (Vice Chairman--Gas). Safety Engineer, Washington Gas Light Co.: Washing ton, D. C.; John E. Frandsen (Vice Chairman--Communications), General Plant Super- \isor-Personnel, Northwestern Bell Telephone Co., Omaha, Nebr.; Harry D. Harman Nominating Committee-Charles W. Schweickart (Chairman), Executive Vite Pr v id- -r, . Hoosier Engineering Co., Columbus. Ohio; Warden L. Clifton, Director of .V.-ci-!:; Prevention, Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario. Gi" Paul Windsor, Secretary, Bureau of Safety, Chicago, III. Vice Chairman--Water), Vice Corp., Gary, Ind.; Raymond President & Asst. General Manager, Gary-Hobart Water J. Lord, Safety Supervisor, Detroit Edison Co., Detroit, if Cameron Award Coordinator--Maiivin B. TnAvrs. Midi.; William E. Carlson, Loss Prevention Administrator, General Telephone & Elec tronics Corp., New York, N. Y. SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVES: Training Committee--Rickard V. Molen (Chairman), Supervisor-Safety Services, Con solidated Edison Co. of New York, Inc., New York, N. Y.; R. Paul Bolerjack (Vice American Gas Association--Clint L. Pendleton, Asst. Safety Manager, New Enclr.n,' !, > Service Co., Boston, Mass. Chairman), Safety Director, Illinois Power Co., Decatur, 111,; Ernest G. Shearer, Di Amertcfn Public Power Assn.--Hiram C. Twit, Safety Director, Chattanooga E! Vi- rector, Safety & Training, Indiana Statewide Rural Electric Cooperative, Inc., Indinnapolb, Power Board, Chattanooga, Tenn. Ind.; Francis E. Payne, Safctv Manager, Northeast Utilities Service Co., Hartford, Coiul; ; Bruce G. Callacheii, Accident Prevention Coordinator, Hydro-Electric Power Com- f; American Water Works Association--John T. Cappio, Safely Officer, Philadelphia V.Vier mission of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Charles II. McLauty, Assistant Manager ;v Dept., Philadelphia, Pa. of Safety, Texas l'owcr & Light Co., Dallas, Texas; Asiidy B. Randolph, Manager of Safely, Consolidated Cas Supply Corp., Clarksburg, West Va.; Gerald R. Thomas, Safety Director, Columbus & Southern Ohio Electric Co., Columbus, Ohio. Canadian Electrical Association--WAiinitN L. Clifton, Director of Accidcui ! r- . -a' ' Ontario Hydro-Electric Power Commission, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Audio-Visual Aids Committee--Venn A. Sielert (Chairman), Safety Manager, General Telephone Co. of California, Santa Monica, Calif.; John Ritiimiller (Vice Chairman), Stall Safety Engineer, Lumbermens Mutual Casually Co., Chicago, 111.: IIazen E. Spaulding, Safety Director, Central Vermont Public Service Corp., Rutland, Vt.; K. C. CoomviN, General Saletv Advisor, Consumers Power Co., Jackson, Mich.; Frank Si'S- tf.llo, Jn., Employee Relations, Safety & Claims Superintendent, Reading Gas Division, United Ge- T-nprovcmcnt Co., Reading, Pa.; Rouert J. Owens, Safety Engineer, Pacific Cas & Eli Co., San Francisco, Calil. -. : : Katlonal Job Training ir Safety Association--Ernest G. Shearer, Safety Director, Indian! Statewide Rural Electric Cooperative Assn., Indianapolis, Ind. Past General Chairmen--1957-58, J. E. Appel; 1958-S9, E. M. Chase (Ret.); 1't;. 1 R. S. Lowe (Ret.); 1960-0J, R. E. McEi.downey, Jr.; 1901-02, V. I,. V/iv-mu . 1982-63, Eiiroll Duniiah (Ret.); 1963-01, Paul Windsor; Jtitil 0:>, I. V. (Deceased); 1965-66, W. L. Clifton; 1968-67, C. Schweickart. i: Staff Representation--Ralph M. Coe, National Safety Council, 125 N. Michcago, Illinois 60611. , p 1067 National Safety Congress l\ai!roa<! V OFFICERS OF THE nAimOAB SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-1968 General Chairman--D. K. Milled, The Southern PaciGc Co., San I'rancisco, Calif. Nominations and Elections Committee--*T. L. Hildebrand (Chainnan), Soo Line Rru'nv'i Co., Minneapolis, Minn.; *W. V. Hays (Vice Chainnan), New York Central System, York, N. Y.; D. P. Russell, Canadian Railway Co., Montreal, Que., Canada. Program Committee--R. P. Little (Chainnan), Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Ry. Co., FI.; J. L. Younc (Vice Chairman), Southern Pacific Co. (T & L Lines), Houston, Texas; I. T Bannerman, Canadian National Railways, Montreal, Que., Canada; G. M. Covrr, ('< i; Ry. Co. of Chicago, Chicago, 111.; J. T. Andrew, Great Northern Railway, St. Fan!, Mi-.:.; J. C. Mackenzie, The Alaska Railroad, Anchorage, Alaska. 'Tv Chainnan -W. \V. Osuoiike, Norfolk & Western Ry. Co., ltoauoke, Va. Publications Committee--N. J. Andrews (Chainnan), Illinois Central Railmad, (:l Vice Chairman--R. P. Little, Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Ry. Co., Joliet, III. W. J. McPiollits (Vice Chainnan), Union R. R. Co., E. Pittsburgh, l'a.; S. W. M vick. Great Northern Ry. Co., St Paul, Minn.; O. W. Smith, Grand Trunk Wester:! I'M. Co., Detroit, Mich.; Roy S. Eno, Denver & Rio Grande Western H. R. Co., I> ir.. r, St creiant and Newsletter Editor--It. A. Lindedeh, St. Louis--San Francisco Ry. Co., Spring- field, Mo. i I; Training Committee-J. C. Buckingham (Chairman), Lehigh Valley R. R. Co., Bellilehtm, Associate Newsletter Editors--Canada: *D. P. Russell, Canadian Pacific Railway Co., Mon-; treal, Que., Canada; Southwest: R. S. Van Ness, Chicago, Burlington & Quincy R. K.! Co., Ottumwa, la.; East: W. C. L.vhaway, The Delaware & Hudson Railroad Co., Al bany, N. Y.; West: H. A. Hopkins, Missouri PaciGc Ry.-T.&PJIy., St. Louis, Mo; Central: D. D. Baird, Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Ry., Chicago, 111.; Southeast: R. L fi;.i Pa.; D. D. Baird (Vice Chairman), Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Ry., Cliicago, III.; 'T. L. Hildebrand, Soo Line R. R. Co., Minneapolis, Minn.; J. G. Beldham, Toron'.o, Hamilton & Buffalo Ry. Co., Hamilton, Out. Canada; W. V. Hayes, New York System, New York, N. Y.; W. R. Bbown, Lake Region, Norfolk & Western Ily. Co., '.'I v .land, Ohio; K. L. Patrick, Chicago & North Western Ry., Chicago, 111. Milled, Western Lines, Southern Railway System, Knoxville, Tenn. Staff Representative--L. W. Dutton, National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Av\, Research and Contest Committee--E. D. IIarville (Chairman), Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Lines, Chicago, 111.; E. II. Bleweu (Vice Chairman), New York Central System. eago, IQ. 606II t Cleveland, Ohio; W. C. Ladaway, The Delaware & Hudson Railroad Co., Albany, N. L; 'Put General Chairman L. R. Tilly, l'coria and Pekin Union Ry. Co., Fcoria, 111.; G. M. Dyer, Jn., Kentucky k Indiana Terminal R. It. Co., Louisville, Ky. Audio Visual Aids Committee--hi. M. Eciiols (Chairman), Western Region, Norfolk &, Western Ry. Co., St. Louis, Mo.; C. W. Bailey (Vice Chairman), Duluth, Missabe Aiwa Range Ry. Co., Proctor, Minn.; L. E. Wall, Illinois Central Railroad, Chicago, III.; E. G. Husk, The Pullman Co., Chicago, 111.; H. A. Hill, Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac R. 11. Co., Rielimond, Va. Railroad Highway Traffic Safety Committee--C. J. Baiuiy (Chairman), Chicago, Milwaukee; St. Paul & Pacific R. R. Co., Chicago, 111.; D. F. Gifford (Vico Chairman), Chicago Great Western R. R. Co., Oehvein, Iowa; *H. C. Daulton, The Louisville & NadiviSe 1 R. R. Co., Louisville, Ky.; II. E. Shauchnessey, Erie-Lackawanna R. R. Co., Cleveland, Ohio; D. P. Russell, Cnnadian Pacific Railway Co., Montreal, Que., Canada; *W. V. Hayes, New York Central System, New York, N. Y. Home and Off-the-]ob Committee--J. L. Younc (Chairman), Southern Pacific Co. (T&L Lines), Houston, Texas; W. B. Groome (Vice Chainnan), Union Pacific Railroad, Oma ha, Nebr.; B. M. Deaved, Kansas City Southern Lines, Shreveport, La.; R. W. Bowll\ Bessemer & Lake Erie R. R., Greenville, Pa. membership Committee--F. R. Ellis (Chainnan), Reading Ry. Co., Reading Pa.; C. E. Gajvcelon (Vice Chainnan), Bangor & Aroostook R. R. Co., Bangor, Maine; R. G Lindquist, Northern Pacific Ry. Co., St. Paul, Minn.; J. H. Gilfillan, Chicago Rod Island & Pacific R. R. Co., Kansas City, Kans.; S. E. Cavaliedi, New York, New Hava & Hartford R. R. Co., New Haven, Conn.; C. A. Bidce, Jr., Missouri-Kansas-Texas R. B. Co., Denison, Texas; J. L. Young, Southern Pacific Co., (T&L Lines), Houston, Texas; W. J. M ~ uLLirs, Union R. It. Co., E. Pittsburgh, Pa. er\ OFFICERS OF THE WOOD PRODUCTS SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 Ccncrcl Chairman--Roy F. Powell, Potlach Forests, Inc., Warren, Ark. Vice Chairman ir Program Chairman--K. L. Gipson, Georgia Pacific Corp., Portland, Ore. Newsletter Editor-C. R. Rustemeyeh, Canadian Forest Products Ltd., Vancouver, B. C., Canada. Secretary and Membership Chairman--Howard A. Cunns, Simpson Timber Co., Shelton, Wash. Sawmilling Committee--Denton Shell (Chairman), Tremont Lumber Co., Joyce, La.; *W. M. Allison, Council of the Forest Industries, Vancouver, B. C., Canada; J. A. Bain, Arkansas Dept, of Labor, Little Rock, Ark.; `James Ghady, Western Wood Products Assn., Portland, Ore.; S. L. Crecory, Pope & Talbot, Inc., Portland, Ore.; Ralph Hardinc, International Paper Co., Long Bell Div., Amboy, Wash.; Louis B. Hoelsciier, Weyer haeuser Co., Tacoma, Wash.; Charles II. Jones, Michigan Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Chicago, III.; Lionel Landry, Southern Pine Assn., New Orleans, La.; Geokce Nonius, Council of the Forest Industries, Vancouver, B. C., Canada; Louis Posey, Dia mond National Co., Northwest Lumber Div., Cocnr d' Alcne, Idaho; `Thomas L. Ras mussen, The Connor Lumber & Land Co., Laona, Wis.; Steve Schubert, Dicrks Forests, Inc., Ilot Springs, Ark.; `E. A. Roles, Weyerhaeuser Co., Longview, Wash. Logging Committee--W. Netteuville (Chairman), Southern Timber Operations, Crown Zellcrbach Corp., Bogalusa, La.; J. A. Brown, MacMillan, Ulocdcl and Powell lri'or, Ltd., Vancouver, B. C., Canada; `Joe T. Dunlop, Dicrks Forests Inc., DeQueen, Ark.; R. K. Lewis, Rayonier Inc., Hoquiam, Wash.; jEnnY Measel, Herman Wilson Lumber Co., Leola, Ark.; F. J. Muscutt, Timber Operators Council, Portland, Ore.; *T. E. North, Rayonier Canada Ltd., Vancouver, B. C., Canada; Haywood Nutt, Roy 0. Martin Lumber Co., Alexandria, La.; G. R. Potts, Forest Products Accident Prev. Assn., Toronto, Ont., Canada; A. F. RonniNs, Crown Zellerbach Corp., Portland, Ore.; Jons Turceon, Quebec Lumber Industries Safety Assn., Quebec.City, Quc., Canada; Fred Wade, Northern Interior Lumbermens Assn., Prince Ccorge, B. C., Canada; IIariiy Zweig, St. Regis Paper Co., Tacoma, Wash. * Veneer and Plywood Committee-E. E. Sutherlin (Chairman), Georgia Pacific Corp., Crossett, Ark.; J. S. Bowman, United States Champion Plywood Corp., New York; N. Y.; Stanley Butcher, Bureau of Labor Standards, U. S. Dept, of Labor, Washington, D. C.; D. L. Cameron, Hartford Insurance Croup, Pine Bluff, Ark,; Harry L. Duncan, United States Champion Plywood Corp., Atlanta, Ga.; Stovall Farmer, Georgia Pacific Corp., Crossett, Ark.; L. W. Hacerup, Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Co., Chicago, 111.; Jam Mealey, Employers Insurance of Wausau, Portland, Ore.; William Neller, Hay Div., Wcldwood of Canada Ltd., Woodstock, Ont., Canada; Wayne Parker, Hunt Lumber Co., Inc., Ruston, La. Gus R. Phillips, Georgia Pacific Corp., Augusta, Ga.; `Ernie H. Rees es, Forest Products Accident Prevention Assn., Toronto, Ont., Canada; R. G. Smith, Cascades Div., U. S. Champion Plywood Corp., Lebanon, Ore. i! : i f \ ( Furniture and Millwork CommiUce-lionwr J. Dunnacan (Chairman), Ninth (: .1 d'i: Dept, of Labor, Winston-Salem, N. C.; V. K. Anderson, Kroehler Mnnulnciuring Binghamton, N. Y.; James M. Blandford, Consolidated Underwriters, Kansas City. Mu; *R. C. CniLDnEss, Cooperage Div., National Distillers Products Co., Memphis, 'l<v. 1.; Roy E. Johnson, Kroehler Manufacturing Co., Kankakee, 111.; `IIf.ru A. Lmiyk:, Employers Insurance of Wausau, Wausau, Wls.; Pete Lea, United Fumilin .' Corp., Lexington, N. C.; Barry Holliday, Hickory Manufacturing Co., Hickory, N. C.; George Schneider, Andersen Coip., Bayport, Minn.; I. W. Siiutt, Jos. E. Seagram & Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y.; W. D. Williams, Kroehler Manufacturing Co. of Kcntucliy, Loui'.viM-::, Ky. Liaison with Cooperage Association--I. W. Siiutt, Jos. E. Seagram & Sons, Ire., Hv.v lor!;, N. Y. Coordinator-Cameron Award--*Thomas L. Rasmussen, The Connor Lumber & Lsml Co., Laona, Wis, ' ** Nominating Committee--'`Thomas L. Rasmussen (Chairman), The Connor Lumber k Lend Co., Laona, Wls.; `James Grady, Western Wood Products Assn., Portland, Or.'.; CJ. S. Bowman, U. S. Champion Plywood Coip., New York, N. Y. Staff Representative--Edward J. Sedlacet, National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60611. `Past General Chabman. 1 r V- OFFICERS OF THE TEXTILE SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 General Chninuan--I. M. Davidson, Division Engineering Manager, American Mutual Insurance Companies, Atlanta, Ca. Vice Chairman--Lymah Cunnincham, Safety Director, E. T. Barwick Mills, Inc., LaFayette, Ca. Seerciary--Bruno J. Dycdon, Personnel Administrator, Joanna Western Mills Co., Chi cago, 111. Newsletter Editor--James F. Jones, Asst, to Manager, Engineering Dept., American Mu tual Insurance Companies, Atlanta, Ga. Engineering and Health Committee--S. L. Sxvearencin (Chairman), Supervisor Safety and Plant Protection, Filler Industries, Inc., Salisbury, N. C.; *A. E. Connelly, Safety Supervisor, E. I. dul'ont do Nemours and Co., Martinsville, Vn.; W. E. Vinson, Amer ican Mutual Insurance Companies, Atlanta, Ga. education and Training Committee--Fiied L. Tiiackston (Chairman), Claims Adjuster, Abney Mills, Anderson, S. C.j Raymond E. Mack, Safety Supervisor, Firestone Textiles, Inc., Castonia, N. C.; Mns. Olive 13. Coolidce, Personnel Manager, Doughboy Plastics Production, Inc., West Helena, Ark.; W. P. Giueu, Jn., Springs Mills, Inc., Fort Mill, S. C. 'lembership Committee--VmciL Eackles, Division Safety Director, Bcaunit Fibers, Re search Triangle Park, N. C.; Fiied Deiuuck, Safety Supervisor, South Carolina Industrial Commission, Columbia, S. C.; "II. S. Baucom, Director of Safety', North Carolina Industiial Commission, Raleigh, N. C. Synthetic Fiber Committee--"Rodert I. BAiin (Chairman), Safety Supervisor, IRC Fibeu Div., Midland-Ross Corp., Paincsville, Ohio; "B. S. Strenctii, Safety Supervisor Mon santo Company, Greenuood, S. C. Cotton Coining Committee--Rodeut Collins (Clrainnan), Executive Vice President, Arkansas-Missouri Cotton Giuners Assn., West Mempliis, Ark.; Annum B. Bond, EducaFen Specialist, Production & Marketing Div., National Cotton Council, Memphis, Tenn.; Veunon P. Moore, Engineer in Charge, U. S. D. A. Ginning Research Lab., Leland, Mi Ainu n M. Pendleton, Extension Agricultural Engineer, Dallas, Texas. O.f-Thc-Job Committee--Charles L. Tiiommeii (Chairman), Corporate Safety Director, Mohasco Industries, Inc., Amsterdam, N. Y.; Cuy BooKEn, Safety Supervisor, Monsanto Company, Pensacola, Fla. lira Committee--John M. McAlpine (Chairman), Supervisor of Safety and Plant Pro- tcctior, Celanese Fibers Company, Rock Hill, S. C.; "Forrest N. Petty, Safety and Benefits, Dan Ri Mis, Inc., Danville, Va. Publicity and Association Committee--*Clenn C. Fleming (Chairman), r>-p Director, Celanese Corporation of America, Charlotte, N. C.; *Muv Iim C An ' to Director of Personnel, Collins & Aikman Corp., Albemarle, N. C. i Rules and Regulations Committee-W. C. Creel (Clrainnan), Safety Din t ier, NmF, Carolina Dept, of Labor, Raleigh, N. C. Contest Committee--eE. L. Fermenter (Chairman), Senior Div. Service Representative, Loss Prevention Dept., Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Spartanburg, S. C.; R. W. Lv.ir, Jn., Plant Manager, P.F.M. Division, Johns-Manviilc Products Corp., Maishvillc, H. C. Nomination Committee-Guy A. Booker, Safety Supervisor, Monsanto Company, Textiles Div., Pensacola, Fla.; B. S. Strenctii, Safety Supervisor, Monsanto Company, Ti-xiiCs Div., Greenwood, S. C.; Mrs. Ida C. Ayers, Asst, to Director of Personnel, Cellin': , Aikman Corp., Albemarle, N. C. f Advisory Committee-B. S. Strength; Guy A. Booker; Mns. Ida C. Ayers; A. E. Co r- nelly; Forrest N. Petty; E. L. Fermenter; H. S. Baucom; C. L. Trommi a- It. I. Baiui; Glenn G. Fleminc; John G. Sayers. . Staff Representative-Thomas F. Powers, National Safety Council, 425 North Mi,!,:- ,, Ave., Chicago, III. G0011 *Past General Chairman i.