Document gba36gOEmRw6G3No60ypY3Z1a

FILE NAME: Garlock (GAR) DATE: 1933 DOC#: GAR033 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Trade Journal Article - The Mechanical Control of Occupational Diseases - National Safety Council P ublished m onthly in the interest of accident prevention and the health of industrial workers VOL. XXVIII, No. 2 C O N T E N T S f o r A U G I S T . 1933 We Can't Advance W ithout Records--J. L. Y andcgrift....................................... 9 What "Perm issible" Means in Respiratory Protection-- William P. Y a n t ___ 11 L'ncsverinp the Fire Hazard?--7. H-\ J u s t ............................................................ 13 Pays the Small Plan: Too-- Kuhert S c h m itt..........................................16 Handling Material--A Real Problem for the Safety Man--./. /t. P u r d v .......... 17 Facing the Future--Al. .4. C ir n b e l.......................................................................;.19 Mechanical Control of Occupational Disease--David S. B e y e r .........................21 An Eye Saved--Stcrrart j . Ou-en, Jr...................................................................... 23 Sound Objectives for the Vocational School--John A . M cC arthy.....................25 The Congress R e p o rte r.............................................................................................. 27 fillion Children Ride in School Buses--Curtis fiU tings............................. 29 Electric Shock and Bums Cause Much Lost T im e ............................................... 36 Krj'ular D epartm ents 1lihau1 P m t c r * *t t h e M u t l ' t 41 i: l5irrnM\ l*,u;t N 1 1 k- >j M v t.ih r jr v ,-lJt 'fU'.*'. iKiuali! OrU All Canim; Kvmi* 4* IU* + aU w Uxduiijts* * i ..M l liltMrul Health -1 V h h t l t r M m u tn U m n lift' Hulhim Htur*l 10 TU* Hmm` jicfvkr A2 Carman T. Fish, Editor G. M. Butccs, Associate Editor S tanukv H. KhHSHA\r, Poster Editor C. H. Millkr, Advertising Manager <' |i y r t g |i | 1 X33 |iv X u t l u i i ; i l S a M . v C o u n c i l . |n<*. J*ritit-tl Itt l.fit. nm c H t t i t t ] v l if i n u l l r f J u n e * | . |j* 2 i . < l i t r I 'v f t m *l iliitvh 3 , JjT!. AtldUiuMul fltlr) Ml Si. Jtwrtdi. lirh. til. u u A ^ th e l'* tT ip iio tt p ric e nifiiilH -n fan -xtra * H h* y v a r. S in e l cui-*. 1 -vm *. ""! ani in g le corn** o n r*t|U t*H . o f On* *N*A1, S .\K K T Y NKXV:* ja u n tily |tr i w f#r y e a r ly ^ W r iju io ,,! lire u rn tla h lc o n ly in o f i l i r X a U u n ) s. f* -iy <*tsto*il. A udit B u reau o f C lrv u lalto n . This* tn a g a x tn e 4 in d e x e d In th I n d u M r U l A rt* In d e x . a n d o p i n i o n s i t v . i u n d I n I jr tie d a r t i c l e a r e t o Im* u n t i f n M ^ l um i n d i v i d u a l p ,`, *itnt> o f t h e i r a u t h o r . n o t t h o * c <( t h r N a t i o n a l S a f P i v P n t i n n i National Safety Council, Inc. 20 Norlli Wyeker Drive. I". 4. New Vnrk Office. 9 Haft 41st Street < m .......... r , t . . . f . j 1 P .r l tv , \ n>l National Safety Council Officers-. 1932-1933 J a u t s J. lU K tM i. |* rrftn Jm l ln*t.wr 1. i .aTIJM , V ir c - P r c A i d r t ti f o r S friv J . r . C n M J * t v , V lr r- P r r< i< 1r t u f o r I' n - g tnrrnne ] ( * * II. V o k ia, Y i r r - I 'r r ^ i d e n t f o r .V rm liTM ldn <. T . I l r a t m f . V ir r < P r i ^ d n t f o r fU tsin m A d m in lilritu u t J iN 11. 1/ k c , V i e e ^ l 'r m d f t t i t ,, r S a f r t y O H incll* ` H . WAnr- f%f in tiu ttru ii .N alrty |i . C A M t v i. If. \\'a t $a x , Y i r r .H r t s i d t n t fnr H n iih M r t W . W n/T X K r. f,,r IvI ucmi in n W m.i C r n t n it . T r n n u i r r r 'V |i. f .Wrrtary nn.l Mauacmg n trrrju r ExeciUive C om m ittor M n tih r r a l tar* J. I (4nMi(Une Mnsinrn I > n i N\. lu. x . r n i l . ^ l M . , t ^ |( n l,|,. r VS. II. I t M i n \. IliriV liif I. * O M A . lit. til;, t , i . . h u m . ; a lt e r f'. W ill. 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B E Y E R " nmt*0*&*rm*r*mr**iM *i'**'*li"**"***",,^ |W,w**w*'*,w****, r ' 'f W W W * W * ^ * W * p,r THE irtcchanic-i! control of industri-i! disease cannot be covered adequate ly in a single article; all we , ,n hope to do is to touch upon a tew Both tiie engineer and the physician are needed in protect ing the health of the w orker and the pocket hook of the employer. In this article Mr. Beyer presents the engineering : ,..;*ii)i;i>*!:ui-m.t pmoratnaangt eprsoiwnthsoenacrcousnttreurgegdlinbgy side o f the p ro b lem . In th e J u n e issue D r. W. Irv in g C lark i ::i ;iii> problem today. dtsetijNsed it from the p o in t o f view .of th e pliv.-iriait Mi. i. ,.ro wmi' iorty different disca*-* 1 lu-ltm-l in the compensation acts of carious American states; in Massa When the subject of dust is mentioned I stops to figure how many 13-grant bot chusetts. Connecticut and several other most of us probably think of visible par tles are contained in a ton of this dust, states there is no definite list of diseases ticles. In fact, much of the dust re its potentialities are appalling. The that are compensated, but these diseases moval work, even by companies special first need is to get rid of these unneces are considered as " personal injuries" izing along this line in the past, has sary accumulations, and then try to pre .(ii.ler the law and compensation is paid been directed at this form of dust. vent^heir recurrence. uith.'u: any specific schedule of disease Medical research has shown us. bow- Many a plant manager will say, `Why- Many of these diseases are of " ever. that the dust that is most danger go to all the trouble and expense neces fnt|tK-nt occurrence. Probably most of ous. through its deep inhalation intotbe sary to catch this dust when, in most us nitride the medical profession have lungs, is so small that the individual par cases, it isn't worth anything after it is tw er even heard of "Ciunioma Kamassi" ticles are invisible and can only be seen caught?" The answer is that it is better African boxwood) on " miner's nystag by the naked eye if they* are gathered in to spend the money and effort in getting mus." which appear on some of the state a dense doud, which may have the ap rid of the dust than to be overwhelmed lists. A half dozen of the more im pearance of a gray fog. by occupational disease claims, as is the portant diseases, however, will prolubly We are told that the amount of dust case with many industrial concerns to .viT ninety percent of the total pay- found in the lungs of miners who have day. iiwtt?- :-ine made thrdughout industry died nTsilicoris is aliom 13 grams', or In iik- secti,m where there is a so- t**r industrial diseases today. aftproximately hall an ounce - about called "dusty" trade employing only An analyris of approximately $300,000 enough to tilt a tcn-cent soda-mint bottle. about 2000 men on an annual basis, in losses of one insurance company rioinc a general workmen's compensation and Microscopic Menaces there have lievrt 92 occupational disease claims during the latest available five- liability business, for recent industrial Some idea of the problem of collecting year (krriod (6$ of them for death or disease claims, showed 54 per cent for such infinitestimal panicles may be had permanent total disability) with com cases insolving pneumoconiosis (includ when we further learn that these 13 bined losses of nearly $300,000. ing silicosis, ashestosis. etc.) 26 per cent grams contain some 20 million million In some industries the cost of indus (r lend poisoning, 9 per cent for various particles; many of them are. about the trial disease is now four or five times f**rm*i -,f dermatitis, 5 per cent for benzol, size of the tiny globules o h ta n y sub that of all other industrial accidents and the remaining 6 per cent for scatter- stance that make up rignret smoke, that combined. Many concerns that have ,M- .itiSef such as carbon monoxide, is. about a hundred thousandth of an serious occupational disease hazards ex carlion tetrachloride, chrome and chlor inch in diameter. If they wore equipped ine. with legs they could march fifty abreast tending over a period of years find themselves virtually uninsurable. be Ve will accordingly look at the sub through the bollow center of a human cause of the heavy liability for claims ject from the standpoint of these few im- hair! that has been built up as the result of Prtant causes, bearing in mind that the So little has the seriousness of this past exposure. ntost important of all is covered by the general heading of pneumoconiosis, or liv.-ivv 'Mused by dust. Of these dis- ih.- most serious come from inhal- nc tl,,. ill, ;1 found in sand, granite dust, thf.l- - CIC. '" ' |d f * u l H i i *nt CfH *f K m e tn r+ r. * rtv I n .M ifM ltr 1 C<MIUIBV, . M a s <\ p ap e r rc 4 t t th e nu*' Siifeiv ri.uncrtelti)re of thf Ml** hazard been appreciated in the past that it is not uncommon to go into a plant and find four or five tons of this fine dust which has floated in the air and settled n the roof truss,** arwI ..v.-rhead structure? of the building. Hero it inav lie dislodged by gusts of air or vibra tions from moving cranes, etc. If one *S<# D o * t t! * of M in Technic-! 3*4 P i A Matter of Self-Preservation It follows, therefore, that as a matter of self-preservation plants in these in dustries must stari tnnwdiau*ly a com prehensive program of improvement that will at least eberk the development of new cases. In general, the most reliable way to correct a dust hazard is to install exhaust / equipment that will capture the dust at respirator may give satisfactory results. that oi returning the filtered air to me the"point where it is Generated. This has For cases of temporary dust exposure, as plant in order to conserve the heat that Keen worked out very effectively (or such equipment its "rinding ;tml butting heels. Unfortunately a complete system of dust collecting and separating for a large department costs a lot of money-- more than many plants feel they can possibly afford under present business conditions. tor sweeping anti cleaning up dust, the improved types of niter respirators may be adequate. In some cases substitutes may be found for the substance causing the trouble. This has already been done in some processes where benzol was formerly used, and efforts are being made to extend the use of this principle. The use of water to overcome dujt hazards is one of the first suggestions that is usually made. I recently tried to would be lost if it were discharged out side the building. In five such systems where dust counts have been made dur ing the past few months there tv onlv one where there was even a question as to whether or not the air was fit to be relumed, in one case over forty-seven million dust particles per cubic foot were found in the air that was being re-circu lated, or many times what we would con sider a safe limit! Temporary Expedients explain this problem to an industrial manager and after telling him that the Ineffective Installations Pi For such cases there may be other al dust which causes the trouble is less ternatives or temporary expedients that than lOhmicrons in size, a micron being The salesman who had put in the will at least title matters over until im- about l^25,000th of an inch, and being equipment had persuaded them that thi proved business conditions warrant the encouraged by his nods which seemed to rdtered air was so much purer than installation if a permanent dust re indicate that he was following my ex Cod's product as represented by the out moval system. planation perfectly. I was a little dis side atmosphere that he had even piped it into the office; so the manager was l-'or instance, the manager of a plant concerted at the end to have him say. breathing the dust as well ns the factory recently visited liy the writer stated that "Why can't you get rid of those microns employees. (Perhaps that might b<- they had already :-)H-nt 5SO.OOO in ex by washing the air'f" Apparently after called cooperation!) haust equipment and had not yet fully all my efforts he still thought a micron Solved the dust problem, lu this indus was something like a microbe! While it ntay Ik- going too far to say try. the use of oil which has been sprayed Water has beer, found rather effective that no filtering equipment can nukr on the material in some cases itf the past, tor laying the dust in some operations dusty air suitable for re-breathing, thi to improve its handling in the machinery such as mining, sweeping up dusty constant chance of the system getting and processes, oilers a promising solu floors, etc. In other cases, it has been a out of order makes it almost as question tion to the dust problem. Dust counts disappointment ss. for example, on able a practice as an attempt to recover in some plants using the oil show reduc grinding whec-s. where a dry exhaust drinking water from a sewage system. tions of 90 per cent or more in millions system has proved to lie more satisfac Installations that are clogged, leaking oi particles per cubic foot, and if further tory than wet grinding.5 and otherwise ineffective are common. tests corroborate these results it otters One of our engineers found that the belt Du--ng the conference in South Africa connecting the exhaust fan to the motor i amesitmhopdleofancdorcreocmtipnagrathtievedlyusitn.ehxapzeanrdsivine itnhe1`*futiliotyneoof fttrhyeinsgpetaokecrosmppolientteeldy oruet in an overhead installation had been on | one industry. * move dust clouds by water sprays or ato sfworitcahn hianddebfieneinte thpreorwiond.regTuhlearlymobtourt In other operations, such as the mizing. adding the further comment no one noticed that there was no exhaust shaking out of foundry castings, it may that a tiny droplet of water may collect at the grinding wheels it serviced. I be possible to do this work at night, by as many as 800 dust particles and then men who are protected by respirators, being inhaledis like Immbarding the In another installation seen by the and thus eliminate a common exposure lungs with shrapnel instead of single writer recently, a handkerchief held be i to employers engaged in other opera ride fire. fore the wheel stood out horizontally tions in the same room. The use I en showing that the dust was l*ing blow* closed mechanical conveyors and mate Unwarranted Confidence out toward the operator instead being drawn in away from him. rial handling systems, properly exhaust ed. instead of the old individual hand Where exhaust equipment is installed, An important point that should inmethods where the workers were brought poor maintenance of these systems borne in mind in designing an exhaust into dose contact with dusty substances, offers a solution in other cases. The treasurer of one concern with whom l recently discussed the hazard oi his foundry said, ``Maylxr wc have the answer right here," and, he unjugiu oui the design of a machine which was fab ricated entirely from sheets, plates, angles and other structural shapes, riveted and welded together, which would entirely eliminate the castings of which it was largely composed in the past. When- the dusty work is in a perma nent location. and t.Vi Great freedom of rw.ve;rr?:t is not required, the atr-ied wherein- their value is reduced or entire ly vitiated is altogether too common. An inquiry in a plant recently as to how the dust filtering apparatus was working brought the reply, " Fine! -wc haven't lizd to ov?jv look it frtr T.:r. vc?.ri !" When we climbed a ladder to the roof to sec this miraculous equipment, a touch on the screens shook a pail-full of dust from the "clean" side of the separator. Another common and dangerous prac tice in many dust removal systems is ilfiiUh vi H'orki * tit 'IVuii*;* r. s ruMlc Health Nn. lit. r < '!<******-- fn f'i.tftou.t 1 t ! . . . 1 M e - system is that it is highly desirable =< capture the dusts or vajjors as close t<` the point at which they are generated as possible, before they have had a ch.-m.-ito be diffused throughout the air of th<room. General ventilation may be helpful > reducing the concentration, but it is ob viously of little value to draw the t/i>jectional substances up through a rom fan as is sometimes done, thereby carry mg them past the faces ni the operators who must draw them in with t w r: brrath. The lesign of a proper exhaust sy -n 1Pirate turn t,i p.t*r j j ' \ j M echanical Control of O ccupational Diseases C t t / i n m t j train p a ^ c 22) TO WEAR OVER GLASSES If you have workman who wear glauei give them the absolute assurance of eye protec* tion as well as good vision by having them wear CESCO M BC L GOGGLES over their prescription lenses. These men will do better work and Occident eoi/s will be reduced. CESCO M U L GOGGLES are specially designed to be worn - -r the workman's own spectacles' they fit ^ r l y , are comfortable and prevent breakage and pining of expen* live prescription lenses. CESCO M & L GOGGLES arc furnished in three style* meeting all necessary require* menu. Ventilated pattern fitted with Super* Safety lenses for chipping, grinding, caulk* ing, riveting and like operations. Dust model fiord with Super Safety lenses. Welder's pattern fitted with CESCOWELD lenses for acetylene welding end cutting. Snd for sompie end eotolog C H I C A G O EYE SHIELD CO. 2300 Warren Blvd. Chicago, 111. PLACE "STOP LOSS" ORDERS G uoid egemsi costly ounch press Occidents O'ce D. 81 M. Automatic Punch Press Guards. They ere your liC/yy yJei> euo'iivi those uniortuna** "epc**- mps the: meen losses m men, money end morele. <1 /). it V. ,<u/b* o o t t r O u n r t i f o r Wi J 4:u> t e n t i . S t o t t t f > <*?.! **okt *>! t * m * o n J u ,'t. ?/ r t t f t ti n o t t i o r r</r f i r f t j u n n y i , u H tn 'c ./. D. i M. Awtr.mjtics fit ell punch picsses -have arvy 3 working perts--e'C mede entuely of diop forcings and stee' ieiccpt guard head) and n c low in cdcc -S'8.50 - >/:.00. 4 M ST. PAUCSTRCCT ROCHGS.T cnutRpr: to effectively control dust requires thorough understanding of certain engi neering principles that are completes lost sight of in many of the installation, now in use. For example, where the dust collector can be so arranged as to enclose the source of dust completely, or almost u*. a very complete dust elimination nu; result, but whore the inlet is five or inches away from the source of the duv its efficiency may be reduced by as mu, i as 90 to 95 |>er cent, and be wholly in effective.* Where the exhaust equipment has Uvn lunki-d on in the past as more or U>- of a nuisance tiecause it is nun-pri>dui- live and could accordingly be slighted at will, it must now tve recognized as .1 primary operating problem, and .* sponsibili'y must be placed on sun-,-- m sir that it is kept in first class conn tion at all times. And so, to summarize the results ,,1 this brief survey of the mechanical con trol of occupational disease hazards, it is the opinion of the writer that chiefly in this direction lies safety from some of the most serious diseases, if one also in cludes rearrangement of the processes under "mechanical control." in contras: with the "medical control." While agrering that medical supervi sion of new prospects for employment is of primary importance, in order to pre vent placing new employees who have some physical imjiairmem in a position where they will quickly break down a* result of ihe work hazard, and granting the value uf medical follow-up of ct* - ployces subject! to exposures such - lead and I*n/.ui. which bring nlmut -1 temporary condition that may be check*--: bv medical supervision and a change of occupation, it seems evident that in the most serious industrial disease hazard, that of exposure to silica dust, chief de pendence must be placed on elimination 1 or control of the dust. In tnei.Vlinj; such equipment it save money and griei in the long run. > employ a competent engineer who under stands the difficulties of collecting im- palpable dusts or vapors, and can have a reasonable assurance of getting an j rffcctivc installation without too iihk- I uf the "rut and irv" method. 1I * I -V . 1... l i t i ` #:* < jI I ' i.l ; >* .'* f. M*n.(it a Vl UcvrtaUl llOut,HtU '* '