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1040 CHAPTER 45 1956 Guide Photo Studios Need Conditioning for1 Both Processing and Comfort, by E. E. Herbacek (Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, June, 1949, p. 85). . i Foundry Ventilation; by Jim Black and Lester Avery (.Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, March, p,71, April, p. 78, and May, p. 89,1947). Dust Control for Foundries, by B. F, Postman (Heating and Ventilating, Dec. ^Foundry Cuts Its'Dust (Editorial, Healing and Ventilating, Feb. 1949, p. 85). Fog Removals in Industrial Plants, by R. C. Soronen (Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, April, 1949, p. 72). Air Conditioning Crane Cabs, by R. D. Darrah (Refrigerating Engineering, May, 1949 p. 440). Air-Conditioned Crane Cabs, by B. R. Small (Industrial Hygiene Foundation, Pre ventive Engineering Series, Bulletin No. 4,1947). Health, Safety and Efficiency Lectures, The Inservice Training Course in Environmental Controls for Industrial Processes, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1946: Environmental Controls in Industrial Health, by R. R. Sayers; Principles of Industrial Process Ventilation by W. N. Witheridge; The Selection and Maintenance of Equipment for Process Control, by R. P. Warren; Environmental Control of Industrial Processes as Affected by Foundry Lay-out, by John Linabury; Foundry Ventilation, by J. M. Kane; Control of Welding Hazards, by W. C. L. Hemeon: Environmental Control of the Metal Cleaning Processes, by F. A. Patty; Painting, by T. F. Mooney; Health Hazards in the Electroplating Industry, by William Blum; Industrial Housekeeping and Sanitation, by John Soet. __ _, . .. Air Sanitation and Industrial Ventilation, by W. N. Witheridge, Detroit, 1946* An Investigation of the Bacterial Contamination of the Air of Textile hulls with Special Reference to the Influence of Artificial Humidification, by W. F. Wells and E. C. Riley (The Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Vol. 19, No. 10, De cember, 1937). _,, , , Tr Industrial Cooling as a Production Aid, by J. Partington, Jr. (Heating and Ven tilating, April, 1944, p. 47). .' . ,- _ \A an Industrial Exhaust Ventilation in Industrial Hygiene,-by A. D. Brandt JA.o.rl. V.E. Transactions, Vol. 50,1944, p. 331). ,. ,, TT ,, n m Control of Industrial Atmospheres, by W. N. Witheridge (A.S.H.V.E. Transac tions, Vol. 51,1945, p. 227). . __ Mine Ventilation and its Relation to Health and .Safety, by D. Harrington (A.8.H.V.E.Transactions, Vol. 51,1945,p.243). Ventilation Requirements for Industrial Solvents, by ,W. C. L. Hemeon (Heating and Ventilating, December, 1945, p. 95, January, p. 69, March, p. 82, and April, p. 79 1946). 'Guides for Industrial Ventilation, by Allen D. Brandt (Heating and Ventilating, ^Industrial Dust Explosions, by Hylton R. Brown (Healing and Ventilating, March, 194Supply3Air in Plant Ventilation, by J. B. Skinner and William M. Pierce'(Healths and Ventilating, May, 1946, p. 57). ' , ,. What Air Conditions Make for Comfort in Industry?, by H. A. Mosher (Healing, Piping, and Air Conditioning, April, 1946, p. 106). , ,, , _, , , Air Conditioning Requirements for Workers m Factories, by H. A. Mosher (Heat ing, Piping and Air Conditioning, August, 1946, p. 82). , Hot Weather Limits Hard Work. (Brief summary of investigation done for Army Quartermaster Corps, by Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Indiana. Healing and Ventilating, August, 1947, p. 110). . Methods Used in Determining the Health Hazards Arising from the Inhalation oi Various Chemicals, by Francis F. Heyroth (A.S.H.V.E, Transactions, Vol. 53,1947, P A?r Recirculation from Exhaust Systems, by John M. Kane (Heating and Ventital- ing. April. 1947, p. 75). ' .' . m n t\ j* Should Air Be Recirculated from Industrial Exhaust Systems? by Allen D. Brandt (Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, Aupist, 1947, p. 69). ,Aottvw Dehumidification Methods and Applications, by Jphn Everetts, Jr. (A.b.H.V.B. Transactions, Vol. 53,1947, p. 91). ; . . -h -n n , -r, t> Rating Dynamic Dehumidification Equipment, by E. R. Queer and E. u. McLaughlin (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 53,1947, p. 101). CHAPTER 46 INDUSTRIAL EXHAUST SYSTEMS Elements of Exhaust Systems, Hoods or Enclosures, Capture Velocities, Air Volume, Duct System Design, Calculations, Construction of System, Materials, Details, Air Flow Producing Equipment, Air Cleaning Equipment, Make-Up Air, Maintenance of Performance, Materials for Corrosion Resistance IN industrial plants, some type of exhaust system designed to collect and remove dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, and gases is installed to protect,health and safety of industrial personnel, promote worker efficiency, salvage usable material, or improve plant housekeeping. This chapter will not include consideration of systems similar in design, but used to convey heavy loadings (100 or more grains per cu ft) of materials. Definitions of various air con taminants, their particle sizes, maximum allowable concentrations, and upper and lower explosion limits are included in Chapter 8, Air Con taminants. Exhaust systems'are extensively used for control of contaminants from: 1. Mechanical cutting and abrading operations including abrasive blasting and rock cutting. 2. Fuel burning and exhaust gas producing operations. 3. Molten materials handling operations. 4. Welding, burning, and soldering operations. 5. Fiber handling operations. 6. Volatile and gaseous material handling operations. 7. Chemical processes. Local exhaust systems should be considered whenever possible rather than general ventilation methods which allow contaminants to be dispersed within the workroom. More positive control, great reduction in exhaust volume handled, and reduced cost of air cleaning equipment will result. ELEMENTS OF EXHAUST SYSTEMS An exhaust system will consist of (1) hoods or enclosures at all sources of air contamination, (2) branch and main ducts through which an air stream trans ports the contaminant to air cleaning device or to the outside atmosphere, (3) air moving equipment to produce required air flow into hoods or en closures, and (4) air cleaning equipment when required. See Chapter 34, Part II, for discussion of types, applications, and principles of operation. HOODS OR ENCLOSURES11010 Basically, hood design requires sufficient knowledge of a process or opera tion so the most effective hood or enclosure can be installed to provide mini mum exhaust volumes for effective contaminant control. The more com plete the enclosure, the more economical and effective will be the installation. Many designers develop their hoods by mentally enclosing the operation completely and then providing access and. working openings as indicated. Prom this complete enclosure concept are developed the familiar hood shapes like booths, side or downdraft hoods (with or without side shields). All 1041