Document gb6GEx6kOya1jJDD8YLJ9XyzN

VOLUME 1 LEAD NOVEMBER, 1931 NUMBER 7 Ou r La d y o f So r r o w s Ch u r c h in So u t h Or a n g e, N. J., Ha s a Ha r d Le a d Fin ia l , Gu t t e r s a n d Do w n -p ip e WURT5 BROS. Ro o f , Published by the LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION Graybar Building < 420 Lexington Avenue < New York Lead Flashing for Color Harmony and Hard Service EAD flashing is gener- L_ ally associated in the average mind with monu building materials can be subjected. Annual temper atures range from 2^ de mental buildings and ex grees below zero to nearly pensive homes. This is nat 100 degrees above. Dur ural as lead is essentially ing the long winter deep used for Hashing on such snow is continually on the structures built with an roof, melting underneath eye to beauty and perma only when the camp is oc nence. But they are not cupied and fires burning the only kind of buildings within. Alternate thawing on which lead flashing is and freezing in the spring used for reasons of appear ance and actual economy. 4 Vermont log cabin nitb lead flashing is also a rigorous test. The best practice to fol The log cabin shown in an accompanying illustra low in installing lead chimney flashing of this kind tion is a fine example of this condition. It is a sports is to see that the cap flashing extends clear through to man's retreat high in the Vermont mountains, sim the flue lining and is there bent up an inch or two. ple, serviceable, and not extravagantly built. Yet lead The base flashing should be interwoven with the was chosen for all flashing where the chimneys from shingles and it is preferable to fasten it by the use the stove and great open fireplace pierce the roof, in of cleats rather than nails, although if the nail holes spite of the fact that its first cost is slightly greater are covered by shingles there is no objection to using than other materials that might have been used. nails. The cap flashing should be dressed down over The choice was based on several reasons, according the base flashing and overlap by at least four inches to its owner, Alexander B. R. Drysdale, of Benning the bottom edge being hemmed for rigidity. Min ton. Lead blends admirably with the silver gray imum weights of soft lead that it is advisable to use color of the peeled spruce logs and fieldstone chim are 3 lb. lead for cap and 4 lb. for base flashing. It neys, and forms a pleasant contrast to the red asphalt should be born in mind that these weights are min- shingle roof which was used for a dash of color. It is imums and that the heavier the lead used the better, soft and pliable and easy to install. It is non-rusting particularly' in the case of base flashing, but the cost and requires no repair or maintenance, which makes will naturally increase accordingly. Hard lead should it a real economy. Due to the fact that lead flashing weigh 2/ lb. for cap and 3 lb. for base flashings. is both more resistant to atmospheric corrosion and Hard lead has the advantage of double the strength thicker than other materials used for flashing, longer and is slightly more resistant to atmospheric corro life may be expected of it. sion than soft lead, although it is more expensive. The cabin was built ten years ago and the lead has It is recommended for general roofing purposes, gut withstood the ravages of all kinds of weather, for the ters, valleys and large expanses of flashing in pref climate of Vermont is about as severe as any to which erence to soft lead for these reasons. [2] LIA25153 A Hard Lead Roof of Interesting Pattern Bullets from a Lead Roof in Old England EWLY erected Our Lady of Sorrows Church in N South Orange, N. J., the work of noted Boston architects, Maginnis and Walsh, has an attractive hard lead roof, gutters, finial and down-pipe on the baptistry. The interesting diagonal treatment of the roof was accomplished by soldering false lead seams to the sheets in the desired design. On large areas this falsework should, of course, be broken at the real seams, which are loose-locked, so that expansion and contraction of the lead will not be impeded. An other way of constructing the lead work is to cut the sheets with diagonal edges, making loose-locked seams along these edges, and soldering the falsework to the upper sheets along the seams. In this way the falsework will not impede expansion and contraction and the real joints will be concealed. Otherwise the roof is installed as any lead batten roof with looselocked seams and sheets held by cleats. The West Hoboken Roofing & Cornice Works. Union City, N. J., were the roofing contractors on this job. Hard lead roofs, properly installed, may be ex pected to last indefinitely, because they are made of the common metal most resistant to atmospheric N an old book, "Diary of Lady Willoughby," which tells of the English revolution in the reign of Charles 1, there is the following entry dated Mon day. October 20, 1644, which contains an interesting reference to lead: "Lieutenant General Cromwell wrote a Letter ac quainting the Governour that if any violence were offered these Men, the best in the House should not expect Quarter. The Countesse of Winchester's Gen tlewoman and Waiting-woman were killed by a Cannon-shot. Sir Marmaduke Rawdon declared to the Marquesse who proposed to surrender, he would not, so long as a dog, or a cat or rat did remaine: yet it would seeme there was not much Danger of such Extremity, there being found in the Castle vast store of Wheat and 300 Flitches of Bacon, and fortythousand pounds weight of Cheese, besides Beef. They took off the Lead from the Turrets, to use tor Bullets: and the Marchionesse with her Ladies did helpe to cast them." Lead roofs are expected to give the utmost protec tion from the elements, but. as in this case, they haw frequently gone a step further in the line of protec tion. WURTS BROS. Our Lady of Sorrows Church, South Orange, N. ]. corrosion and are thicker than other metal roofs. Pleasing color and freedom from staining adjacent materials are also important factors. Many fine buildings of Europe stand under lead roofs that are centuries old. On pages 4 and 5 of the July issue of Le a d are listed seven advantages of lead for sheet metal work as seen by one of Amer ica's leading architectural firms. 3] L IA 25 154 Lead-Covered Cable for Hotbed Heating By Maurice W. Nixon * EAD has recently invad- L,, ed the field of agricul ture. Seed germination and plant growth are greatly enhanced by proper soil temperatures, and it has been found practical to in stall lead-sheathed resist ance wires in hotbeds and greenhouse benches to sup ply the necessary heat to the soil. The photographs on this page were taken of a 30-ft. A ten-sash, thirty-foot hotbed forcing melon plants previous to setting out into the open field are now heated by imbed ded resistance cables. Many experimental projects to investigate the possibilities of electric heat for hotbeds have been conducted in various agricultural exper iment stations in America. In some places the prac tice has become an estab lished gardening operation. According to the General Cable Corporation, a man ufacturer of special soil- Box built on a layer of cinders and banked with cinders. Burlap bags and a thin layer of sand are spread over them Cables covered with a thin layer of sand and ready for applying top-soil hotbed made at Schuylerville, Sar atoga County, New York. The ca bles were laid in a two-inch layer of sand which made a good me dium to distribute the heat uni formly between the cables. The six-inch layer of fine mellow soil was easily heated to about 80 F., at which temperature melon seeds germinated and the young seed lings grew very rapidly and were ready for transplanting in record time. This system of soil heating orig inated in Sweden. Due to the uni versal application, the use of elec tric heat in hotbeds rapidly spread through Germany and Holland, where an aggregate of many acres * Rural Electrification Expert of the Empire State Gas and Electric Association, co-operating with Cornell University. Heating cables laid out on the sand, properly spaced heating cable, the cable is con structed of a special resistance wire served in opposite directions with a double wrap of saturated cotton. This is wrapped with a layer of 2y? mil paper tape and encased in a 3/64 in. lead sheath. The approx imate outside diameter is 0.196 in. and the weight 105 lb. per thou sand feet. When making a hotbed the en tire outfit should be made on a well-drained layer of cinders or other porous non-absorbing mate rial having a good heat-insulating value. The sidewalls should also be banked with cinders to prevent ex cessive loss of heat through the earth. The heating cables should be imbedded in a layer of sand which will carry the heat from the I X i [4] LIA25155 i cable rapidly and tend to reduce the temperature gradient between adjacent cables and thereby make the temperature uniform near the surface of the soil. About six inches of fine, mellow soil over the sand then forms the media in which the seeds germinate and little plants grow. Old burlap grain or fertilizer bags spread over the cinders will prevent the sand filtering down through them. One or two sash may be used, depending upon the season and weather. The cables should be spaced about six inches apart for best operation, and about 150 watts input pro vided per sash (3 x6 feet). It is well to design the heating unit to have a lower degree of heat available for use in warm weather or when less heat is desired. A thermostat makes it possible to hold the soil within reasonable temperature limits and to vary the soil temperature according to the kind of plants being forced and the season. There are many advantages of electricity for soil COURTESY UNION ELECTRIC MAGAZINE Lead-covered heating cable in a florist's cutting bench ing cuttings or forcing plants in cases where a few degrees of heat is desirable above that supplied. Many other uses for lead-sheathed, low-wattage heating cable are being developed for farm, garden and greenhouse use. COURTESY NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC PROJECT Electric hotbed at the University of Maryland with cable in place heating. A few of the most important are enu merated: 1. Permanent installation--hotbed frame will last several years before decay makes replacement neces sary. Only necessary to renew topsoil. 2. Always ready to use. 3. Easy to control moisture, due to excellent drain age which should be provided. 4. Low operating and maintenance cost. 5. May be converted into cold frame merely by ' turning off power. 6. Independent of outside temperature. j 7. Uniform temperature regulation possible by use ' of thermostat. 8. Temperature does not fall off after four to six weeks as is characteristic of manure hotbeds. i 9. Free from ammonia fumes, l This same type of soil heater may be modified somewhat and used in greenhouse benches for root- WURTS BROS. Lead greyhounds guard this gate on an estate at Old Westbury, Long Island r 51 L LIA 25156 Lead Sheets, Believed World's Heaviest, Resist Ammonium Sulphate OME of the heaviest sheets of lead that have ever S been rolled are now being used by a large steel company on saturators in its coke plant. These sheets are lfi in. thick and weigh about 75 lb. to the square foot. They measure 9 by 20 ft. The reason for using lead is to resist the corrosive action of ammonium sulphate, which is recovered in What are probably the heaviest sheets of lead ever rolled loaded on a fiat car for shipment because of corrosive gases in the air. That is why many industrial plants have found lead flashing and lead-covered skylight glazing bars economical. In addition sheet lead is often used on factory floors where spills of corrosive liquids might create haz ardous or unsanitary conditions if they were allowed to soak into wood or concrete and cause deterioration of materials other than lead. Waldorf-Astoria Rests Upon Lead Anti-Vibration Pads AMED for many years was the old Waldorf- FAstoria Hotel at 34th Street and Fifth Avenue, New York, where now rises the Empire State Build ing, and equally famed was its genial host, Oscar. On October 1, two and a half years after the razing of its old building, the Waldorf and Oscar greeted the public from a magnificent new edifice, towering forty-seven stories on the entire block bounded by Park and Lexington Aves. and 49th and 50th Sts. Many unusual steps have been taken for the com- This saturator in a by-product coke plant is lined with lead to resist corrosion by ammonium sulphate large quantities as a by-product of coke. Sulphuric acid is the medium used to remove the ammonia from the gases and form the valuable fertilizer ammonium sulphate. Lead is highly resistant to the action of both of these corrosives. This is only one of many uses of lead wherever corrosive agents must be handled. Manufacturers and consumers of sulphuric acid are the largest users of lead in the chemical industries, but the list of other commerciallv important corrosives with which this metal is employed is long. Not only has it been found advisable to use lead for equipment, but in dustrial plants often use it for structural purposes f6] 4 lead-asbestos anti-vibration pad under a grillage of the new Waldorf-Astoria Hotel LTA25157 An Average Life of Eight Years for This White Lead Paint THE NEWS STUDIO New Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, New York fort and convenience of the guests. There are lofty rooms with open fireplaces. A private railway siding is served directly by the hotel's elevators for those fortunate enough to own private railroad cars. Guests are protected from vibration set up by trains enter ing and leaving Grand Central Terminal a few blocks to the south traversing tracks among which the foundations of the building are set. This protection against vibration is provided by the use of a lead-asbestos anti-vibration pad under each of the column footings. These pads are the same as those described in the November, 1930, and July, 1931, issues of Lead . They have been successfully used by the New York Central Railroad for a num ber of years and prevent vibration from the tracks being transmitted up through the building steel. About 160,000 pounds of 8 lb. sheet lead were re quired for this purpose in the Waldorf. The Waldorf also has used lead Cowing Pressure Relieving Joints, which will be described in an early issue of Lead , to prevent disfiguration of its stone faqade and to avoid the necessity of making future repairs to it. Mr. F..B. Freeman is chief engineer of the New York Central Railroad, which supervised the con struction of the foundations and installation of the anti-vibration pads. Schultze and Weaver were the architects, and the Thompson-Starrett Co. general contractors. O elaborate theories are needed as proof of N white lead paint's remarkable durability and protective qualities. Not only on monumental build ings, great industrial enterprises and elsewhere, for which many tons of white lead are bought annually by experienced and trained buyers, but on millions of homes all over the world white lead daily proves its worth. Here is an example--the home of Mrs. N. J. Perfield at Sumner, Wash. The owner states that she has always insisted on painters using pure white lead and linseed oil on her home, built forty years ago. The house has been painted only six times in all those years, the last time in 1930. Obviously white lead paint has given an average life of nearly eight years on this home and kept the w'ood in excellent condi tion. Such durability, which minimizes repainting, would justify a considerable additional expenditure for each painting as the cost not only of paint but of labor as well recurs less frequently than with other paints. But white lead is no more expensive than other good house paints. In fact, at present it costs about $2.60 a gallon for materials, considerably less than any other paints which can be compared with it in point of service. Also, white lead wears by gradual chalk ing, so that at repaint time the surface is ideal to receive the new coat without expensive removal of old cracked paint films. White lead paint has averaged an eight-year life for forty years on this home [7] LIA25158 Metal Cleaning Process Uses Thin Lead Film Farts before and after cleaning by the Bullard-Dunn Process LEAD film solves the difficult problem of clean that remote parts and recesses are as thoroughly A ing scale and oxides from metal surfaces thor cleaned as the more exposed areas. If parts are to oughly without pitting, etching or hydrogen embrit be welded or electroplated with other metals, the tlement in the Bullard-Dunn Process, recently dis lead deposit can be thoroughly and quickly removed covered by the Bullard Company of Bridgeport. hy treating anodically in an alkaline bath at 200 F. Conn. The process is simple and inexpensive. After Current densities of 60 to 75 amperes per square parts to be cleaned have been freed of grease and oil foot are sufficient and a standard 6-volt direct cur they are made cathodes in a sulphate-chloride bath. rent generator is used. No close control of the tem Lead plates are used for anodes. Solution tempera perature, the chemical strength of the solution or ture is maintained at 150 to 170 F. Electrolysis of the current density is required. I : i; j the water causes formation of hydrogen between the metal surface and scale, but a small amount of lead The use of this process in regular production has shown the following results. Physical dimensions i ii: in the solution is deposited as a microscopically thin are unchanged regardless of the length of treatment. film on the metal itself as soon as it is exposed. This The number of grinding wheels required is mate prevents any attack on the metal and any absorp rially lessened as a result of thorough cleaning prior tion of hydrogen which would cause embrittlement. to final grinding. The life of polishing wheels has As lead will not deposit on lead in this electrolyte at been increased as much as 300 per cent and also due the current densities used, prolonged immersion does to complete removal of scale the "salt spray life'' of not increase the thickness of the lead film. There is electrodeposited coatings has been increased from only a deposit of lead sponge or powder easily re 25 hours maximum to a minimum of 400 hours. moved by rinsings High hydrogen over-voltage of Life of products has been increased as a result of the lead film causes automatic shifting of the current complete cleaning in a process which does not attack densities from cleaned surfaces as they appear so the metal surface. Another Air-Conditioned Train S a result of the popularity of the Columbian, Ak first air-conditioned train, which the Baltimore & Ohio has been running all summer with air-condi tioning equipment, the same road has been operating for some time a second train, similarly equipped, over the same run between New York and Wash ington. The air-conditioning equipment is operated Similar parts, one cleaned by the lead film process, the from storage-batteries when the train is at rest or other before treatment, shelving excellent results running slowly. The Lead Industries Association invites inquiries on any subject relating f 1to lead and will be glad to cooperate in the solution of your lead problems. LIA25159 MADISON SQUARE