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Monsanto Chemicals __j^_________ AROCLORS as Used in Pliolite S-5 Monsanto Technical Bulletin No. P-126 March 1, 1948 ______ Monsanto Chemical Company, St. Louis A, Mo. AROCLORS As Used in P lio lite S-5 The AROCLORS,* chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated poly phenyls, used as plasticizers and resins impart desired properties to Pliolite S-5 protective and decorative coatings prepared for: | Concrete Structures Steel Structures Railway Tank Cars Concrete Floors and Walls Wood and Metal Maritime Equipment These fast drying paints provide excellent protection against adds and alkali, moisture and other commonly known corrosive influences. The formulations of Arodors and Pliolite S-5 given in this bulletin are in line with good commerrial practice and are suggested to the paint manufacturer as practical examples or starting points for pre paring specific paints for use where the important qualities of Arodor and Pliolite S-5 compositions are desired. i % A >0 * 00 * Registered in U. S. Patent Office 0 1v 10 The information contained In Ihii bulletin is, to our best knowledge, tree and accurate, but all recommendations or suggestions are made without guarantee, since the conditions of use are beyond our control. The Monsanto Chemical Company disclaims any liability incurred In connection with the use of these data or suggestions. Furthermore, nothing contained herein shall be construed as a recommendation to UM any product In conflict with existing patents covering any material or Its use. 7Z / j DSW 550893 1 STLCOPCB4089310 I. INTRODUCTION The AROCLORS, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated polyphenyls, used as plasticizers and resins impart desired properties to Pliolite S-5, a co-polymer of butadiene and styrene developed by Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Inc. Pliolite manufactured from natural rubber was used, prior to the last war, largely in paints and coatings requiring good resistance to moisture, acids, alkalies and other corrosive chemicals. During the war natural rubber was unavailable and Goodyear Research developed Pliolite S-5 which has even more outstanding characteristics as a paint base than natural rubber Pliolite. II. PROPERTIES OF PLIOLITE S-5 The general and specific properties of Pliolite S-5 as given by Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Chemical Products Division, Akron, Ohio, are listed in the following Table I: TABLE I. TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF PLIOLITE S-5 General Properties -- Forms ....... . White resinous powder Light amber milled resin Color of solution. . . . Very pale amber Color of film .... . Clear and colorless Odor............................. . Absence of objectionable "paint" odor Toxicity ........ . Non-toxic Chemical Resistance.... . Non-oxidizable, non-saponifiable, highly resistant to moisture, acids alkalies, soaps and general corrosive influences. Highly resistant to al cohol, very resistant to vegetable, animal and mineral oils and greases. General Physical Qualities . . Thermoplastic, outstanding toughness and adhesion. High degree of flexibility with a minimum amount of plasticizer. Good thermal sta bility; withstands baking. Highly resistant to abrasion and scrubbing. Good aging characteristics; coatings do not oxidize and become britde- Specific Physical Qualities . . Specific gravity............................................................................. . 1.03 Index of refraction............................ 1*585 Softening point.................................................... 50C' Tensile strength................ .... ............................................. 1450 p.s.i. Elongation........................................................................................... 0.0% Iodine number......................................................................................... 57.8 Add value......................................... Neutral DSW 550894 STLCOPCB4089311 III. PIGMENTED PLIOLITE S-5 PAINT BASES Pigments can be dispersed in Pliolite S-5 Milled Resin by plastic mixing on a differential speed two-roll mill or in an internal-type mixer such as the Banburg. For convenient use Goodyear offers the Pliolite S-5 pigmented bases given in the following Table II: Base No. S5 Resin 1A-S5 2B-S5 5-S5 6-S5 7C-S5 8A-S5 12-S5 13-S5 14-S5 15-S5 I.7-S5 19-S5 35-S5 38-S5 39C-S5 41A-S5 46B-S5 47-S5 64-S5 65-S5 66-S5 Percent Resin 100% 35% 60% 30% 20% 40% 40% 30% 40% 30% 30% 80% 30% 80% 40% 40% 35% 50% 30% 25% 40% 70-5% 68A-S5 80-S5 40% 35% TABLE II. PLIOLITE S-5 BASES Percent Pigment or Extender Specific Gravity None......................................................... ................................ 65% Titanium Dioxide, Rutile Type................................. 40% Carbon Black................................................................. 70% Zinc Oxide..................................................................... 80% Red Lead......................................................................... 60% Red Iron Oxide . ......................................................... 60% Zinc Chromate . . . ........................................... 70% Whiting, Precipitated................ ... ................................ . . . 1.85 60% China Clay............................................................. .... . 70% Lithopone..................................................................... 70% Zinc Sulfide................................................................. 20% Prussian Blue................ ................................................ 70% Talc, Extra Fine ......................................... ... 20% C. P. Toluidine Toner . . . ................................. .... . . . 1.13 60% Yellow Iron Oxide......................................................... . . . 1.92 60% C. P. Chrome Green, Medium............................. .... 65% C. P. Chrome Yellow, Medium................................. 50% Lampblack..................................................... . . . 1.36 70% High Zinc Sulfide Lithopone..................................... 75% Molybdate Orange, Dark............................................. 60% C. P. Chrome Yellow, Extra Light............................. 7.5% Phthalocyanine Blue..................................................... . . . 1.24 22.0% Magnesium Carbonate.................................................... 60% C. P. Chrome Green, Extra Light............................. ... 65% Titanium Dioxide, Non-Yellowing, Rutile Type . . , % 72*^' DSW 550895 j STLCOPCB4089312 IV. SUGGESTED SOLVENTS FOR AROCLORS AND PLIOLITE S-5 COMPOSITIONS Aromatic hydrocarbons, or petroleum naphthas with high aromatic content, are the most satisfactory solvents for Aroclors and Pliolite S-5 coating compositions. Solutions of the compositions in these solvents tolerate dilution with inexpensive petroleum thinners up to about 50 percent by weight of the total solvent content. These solutions are chemically neutral, stable and do not change in viscosity on aging nor do they react with pigments on long storage. The solution viscosity varies somewhat with the solvent used, but in general a 25 percent solution of the paint base in aromatic hydrocarbons has good brushing properties. If a lower solution viscosity is desired, this can be obtained by using the Pliolite milled resin which gives a viscosity of about one-third that of the resin powder. Suggested solvents for Aroclors and Pliolite S-5 compositions are given in Table III. TABLE III. SUGGESTED SOLVENTS FOR AROCLORS AND PLIOLITE S-5 COMPOSITIONS Aromatic Hydrocarbons LV -- Low viscosity solution MV -- Medium viscosity solution HV -- High viscosity solution Pliolite S-5 Concentrations 10% 20% Benzene ........................................ Toluene . . !............................ Xylene ............................................. High Flash Naphtha.................... High Aromatic Content Petroleum Solvents * `Apcosol 3A............................ * `Apco Iso 12............................ *2 Solvesso No. 1........................ * 2 Solvesso No. 2........................ * 'Solvent No. 2159................ * * Solvent No. 2161................ Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Carbon tetrachloride .... Ethylene dichloride. .... Trichloroethylene................ Perchloroethylene................ Monochlorobenzene .... Orthodichlorobenzene ... Tetrachloroethane................ Esters Amyl acetate . ..................... Butyl acetate ....... Ethyl acetate........................ *4 Cellosolve acetate................ Ketones Cyclohexanone.................... Methyl ethyl ketone .... Methyl n-amyl ketone . . . Methyl iso-butyl ketone . . Terpene Hydrocarbons Dipentene............................ Turpentine............................ Nitro Paraffins i-Nitropropane.................... LV LV LV LV LV LV LV LV LV LV LV LV LV MV LV MV LV LV LV LV LV LV LV LV LV LV LV LV LV LV LV LV LV LV MV MV LV LV HV MV HV HV MV HV HV LV LV LV LV MV LV LV LV LV LV LV `SUPPLIERS 1 Andereon-Prichard Oil Corp. 1 Standard Oil Co. of N. J. C. P. Hall Co. `Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp. DSW 550896 STLCOPCB4089313 In addition to the general information about solvents, Goodyear in their Technical Bulletin 509 present very comprehensive data concerning the selection of solvents and diluents for Pliolite S-5 paints. This is based on the observation that the Kauri-Butanol value has been found to be an excellent guide in choosing solvent mixtures for Pliolite S-5. In general, aromatic hydrocarbon solutions of Pliolite S-5 can be diluted with aliphatic hydrocarbons until the Kauri-Butanol value has been reduced to about 60. In the interest of economics, this serves as a guide in computing the maximum amount of aliphatic hydrocarbon ofknown K-B value that can be used with a given aromatic type solvent ofknown K-B value. Goodyear suggest that the K-B value of the solvent mixture be kept near the 60 value but stress the importance of the factor that during drying the solvent mixture should not become leaner in solvency than this initial value. This can be insured by choosing aliphatic and aromatic solvents possessing approx imately the same boiling range. Due to their lower heat of vaporization, aliphatic hydrocarbons, when mixed with aromatic hydrocarbons of the same boiling range, always evaporate first and consequently such a solvent mixture will become progressively richer in solvent power upon drying. Based on data taken from Circular 709 of the Scientific Section, National Paint, Varnish and Lacquer Association, Washington, D. C., and from bulletins of solvent suppliers, Goodyear in their Bulletin 509 classify a large number of solvents and diluents for Pliolite S-5 as being either very fast, medium or slow drying. This information is highly important particularly since Pliolite S-5 paints dry almost entirely in accordance with the rate of solvent release. V. AROCLOR AND PLIOLITE S-5 PAINTS PREPARATION OF THE PAINTS Pliolite S-5 resin powder or the milled resin, as supplied by Goodyear, is dissolved in a selected solvent or solvent combination to serve as the paint vehicle. Aroclor plasticizers and Aroclor resins, as well as other desired additives, are then incorporated in the vehicle. Pigments are then ground into these solutions by the conventional methods and the coatings are formu lated in the usual manner. Goodyear emphasize that the solution viscosity of their milled Pliolite S-5 resin is approximately one-third that of the resin powder. Consequently the consistency of the finished paint can be varied over a considerable range according to the type of Pliolite resin used as well as by choice of plasticizers and pigments. For convenience in formulating the coatings and because pigment dispersion in the Pliolite S-5 Paint Bases, prepared by plastic milling, is considerably better than can be obtained by wet grinding, the use of the plastic milled pigmented bases (described on page 3) is to be preferred in many formulations and particularly when preparing gloss finishes. Using any of the procedures listed below to facilitate solution, it is standard practice to cut the Pliolite Bases in aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, xylene or high flash naphtha for the initial solution. After this operation, petroleum solvents such as mineral spirits are used to make the final dilution of the paint. 1. Agitation by means of a stirring device, or tumbling in a drum or pebble mill until the resin has completely dissolved. 2. A more rapid method is to use simple agitation, as described above, until the material has soft ened. Then pass it through a stone mill or three-roll mill to complete the solution of the resin. 3. Using an internal-type mixer such as a Banbury, a sufficient amount of solvent to form a heavy paste is mixed with the Pliolite S-5 Bases. This mixture is then stirred until the batch is smooth. This operation is done in three to four hours by keeping the paste sufficiently stiff to develop a temperature of at least I50F., due to frictional heat. Following this, the batch is diluted until it can be easily transferred to a mixing tank where the balance of the ingredients are added to complete the formulation. 7j ----DSW 550897 | j STLCOPCB4089314 SUGGESTED FORMULATIONS The following general formulation is suggested as a flat vehicle which offers great latitude in the choice of solvents and will enable the paint manufacturer to formulate in accordance with his own ideas and requirements. Ingredients Flat Wall Paint Vehicle Pliolite S-5, Milled Resin . . ..................... .................................... Arodor 5460, Resin..................................................... ... Aroclor 1254, Plasticizer......................................... ............................ High Solvency Petroleum Naphtha................................................. Mineral Spirits................ .................................................................... Total ............................................. The properties of this vehicle are: Specific Gravity................................................. Weight per Gallon ................................. .... Solids Content..................................................... Viscosity, No. 4 Ford Cup................................ Percent by Weight 20 20 10 27-5 1 100.0 . . 1.03 . 8.59 lbs. 5% 196 seconds This oil-free vehicle was developed for use in the manufacture of flat wall paints by conventional wet grinding procedures. The following flat white wall paint which uses the foregoing described flat vehicle possesses very good brushing and application characteristics: Ingredients Flat White Wall Paint Rutile Titanium Dioxide................................................................. Natural Whiting .................................................................................. Asbestine........................................ ............................ ........................ Flat Vehicle (as described above)......................................... .... High Solvency Petroleum Naphtha ............................................. .... Mineral Spirits............................ .................................................... Total......................................... Pounds per 100 Gallons 168 561 107 336 99 _Jz 1358 Properties of this flat white are: Weight per Gallon.........................................13 pounds (approx.) Solids Content............................................................. ... . 73*93% Consistency..................................................... Good for brushing This paint does not contain animal or vegetable drying oils nor rosin. It is non-oxidizing, non-skinning, fast drying, odorless after the solvents have evaporated, non-yellowing, fume resistant, resistant to water and moisture vapor, resistant to soap and alkaline cleansers, resistant to mildew and possesses good aging characteristics. Concrete Floor Enamels The prime requisites for a satisfactory concrete floor enamel include alkali and water resistance, good adhesion, good resistance to abrasion and sufficient hardness to resist marring as well as grinding in of dirt and grit. Although the following enamels are intended primarily for use on concrete floors, they are suggested for general use on concrete, brick and plaster wall surfaces. DSW 550898 F STLCOPCB4089315 Ingredients Pliolite S-5 Base 13................ Pliolite S-5 Base 38 . . . . . Pliolite S-5 Base 41A .... Pliolite S-5 Base 64................ Aroclor 1254............................ Drying Oil*.................... .... . High Flash Aromatic Naphtha Petroleum Thinner................ ...... >L . ..................... . . Total......................... Yellow Orange Percent by Weight ------ 23.68 2.79 16.71 4.18 1.78 0.90 25.00 25.00 100.00 Chinese Red Dark Blue Ingredients Percent by Weight Pliolite S-5 Base.................... Pliolite S-5 Base 13................ Pliolite S-5 Base 17................ Pliolite S-5 Base 64................ Aroclor 1254............................ Drying Oil*............................ High Flash Aromatic Naphtha ................................. .................... .... ..................... -- -- 1.54 3.00 21.50 21.50 -- 2.65 i-35 25.00 Petroleum Thinner................ 25.00 Total........................ 100.00 Ingredients Pliolite S-5 Base 1................ Pliolite S-5 Base 13................ Pliolite S-5 Base 38................ Pliolite S-5 Base 39 . . . . . Pliolite Base 46 ...... . Pliolite Base 46B.................... Aroclor 1254 . ....... Drying Oil*.................... .... . High Flash Aromatic Naphtha Petroleum Thinner................ ........................ ... . ................ ................................ ............................ .... Total..................... Green Light Gray Percent by Weight 1.20 20-45 .... 22.25 18.11 0.65 0.28 .... 0.32 .-- 1.46 0.73 28.10 28.10 100.00 Ingredients Brown Black Percent by Weight Pliolite S-5 Base 7C................ Pliolite S-5 Base 13 .... . Pliolite S-5 Base 38................ Pliolite S-5 Base 46B .... Aroclor 1254............................ Drying Oil*............................ High Flash Aromatic Naphtha Petroleum Thinner . . . . . ................................ ......... ................................ 5-19 11.83 29.45 ................................ ................................ ................................ 0.95 25.29 25.29 -- 26.28 -- 15.76 1.84 0.92 27.60 27.60 Total ......................................................... ioo.oo ioo.oo `Raw tung oil, perilla or pale grinding linseed oil. jz---fJ _ \' ! DSW 550899 STLCOPCB4089316 Ingredients Pliolite S-5 Base iA......................... Pliolite S-5 Base 7C ....... . Pliolite S-5 Base 13 ....... . Pliolite S-5 Base 38............................. Pliolite S-5 Base 39C......................... Pliolite S-5 Base 46B......................... I Arodor 1254 ......................................... Drying Oil* ......................................... High Flash Aromatic Naphtha . . . J Petroleum Thinner............................. Total Battleship Gray Silver Gray _______ Percent by Weight 22.50 0.24 20.52 0.85 -- 0.96 1.69 0.84 26.20 26.20 23.940 -- 21.840 1.191 0.029 0.153 1.770 0.885 25.096 25.096 100.00 100.000 The above concrete enamels represent only a few of the colors attainable in Pliolite S-5 Base paints. Paint manufacturers may have their own ideas for arriving at the colors desired and may wish to consult Goodyear for additional information about colors. These paints are considered to have good ultraviolet light resistance and results of accelerated aging tests indicate that they have superior light resistance to competitive products such as oleoresinous concrete enamels. Due to the shortage of titanium dioxide Goodyear have not been able to supply the demand for their Pliolite Base 1-S5. In an effort to relieve this situation, paint manufacturers able to obtain titanium dioxide can prepare concrete floor enamels by wet grinding the titanium dioxide with a three-roll mill or a pebble mill in accordance with the following formulations and procedures: Battleship Gray Concrete Floor Enamel White Base Pliolite S-5 Resin Solution1 . Aroclor 1254............................ Drying Oil2.................... . . High Flash Aromatic Naphtha Petroleum Thinner . . . . . Titanium Dioxide...... (Three-roll or five-roll mill grind) Total Percent by Weight 26.32 6.32 3.16 2.10 2.10 60.00 100.00 Pliolite S-5 Resin............................................... ... . 40% High Flash Naphtha . . ............................... 30% Petroleum Thinner ................................................... 30% Total................................... ... . xoo% Raw tung, perilla or pale grinding linseed oil. Run the above white base to a fine grind on a three-roll or five-roll mill. To prepare the finished enamel dissolve the Pliolite S-5 Bases given in the following formula in the given solvents. Then add the roll mill ground White Base and Aroclor plasticizer as given below: Finished Enamel White Base (Roll Mill Ground) . . . Pliolite S-5 Base 7C............................ Pliolite S-5 Base 13 . ......................... Pliolite S-5 Base 38............................ Pliolite S-5 Base 46B........................ Pliolite S-5 Resin ................................. Aroclor 1254......................................... Drying Oil............................................. High Flash Aromatic Naphtha . . . Petroleum Thinner ............................. Total Percent by Weight 24.40 0.24 20.52 0.85 0.96 5.30 0.15 0.08 23-75 23-75 100.00 9-- . DSW 550900 I 77^ / o STLCOPCB4089317 If a pebble mill grind is to be made instead of a roll mill grind, then the following formulation and procedure should be used: White Base Battleship Gray Concrete Floor Enamel (Pebble Mill Grind) Pliolite S-5 Resin .................................................................................................. Aroclor 1254.......................................................................................................... Drying Oil* . . ..................................................... ............................................ High Flash Aromatic Naphtha ......................................... ................................ Petroleum Thinner................................................. ................................ ... Titanium Dioxide................................................................................................. Total............................................................. Percent by Weight 13.52 4.52 2.26 20.30 20.30 39- to 100.00 Rim the above White Base to a fine grind in the pebble mill. To prepare the finished enamel dissolve the Pliolite S-5 Bases indicated in the following formula in the given solvents. Then add the pebble mill ground White Base and Aroclor plasticizer as given below: Finished Enamel Percent by Weight White Base (Pebble Mill Ground) Pliolite S-5 Base 7C.................... Pliolite S-5 Base 13.................... Pliolite S-5 Base 38.................... Pliolite S-5 Base 46B................ Pliolite S-5 Resin........................ High Flash Aromatic Naphtha . Petroleum Thinner ..................... 3739 0.24 20.52 0.85 0.96 2.82 18.61 18.61 Total .............................................................................. 100.00 If desired, this enamel may be produced entirely in the pebble mill by first grinding the White Base to the required fineness and then adding the balance of the materials and continuing the grind to accom plish the final solution. It is indicated by Goodyear that these latter procedures are applicable in preparing their following types of Pliolite paints: S-I02-I00 . . . . ............................ White S-I02-200 . . . . S-102-600 . . . . S-IO2-603 .... .................... Silver Gray S-I02-604 .... .................... Light Gray S-i02-6o5 .... S-102-700 . . . . ................................ Blue Prior to giving consideration to the use of these methods or modifications of them for other color enamels it is suggested that Goodyear should be consulted for more specific information about their suitability5 The following are typical examples of acid and alkali resistant coatings, fume resistant enamel and an aluminum paint vehicle: Acid and Alkali Resistant Coating Black Ingredients Percent by Weight Pliolite S-5 Base 13........................... 26.28 Pliolite S-5 Base46B..................... 15*76 Aroclor 1254................................ Drying Oil*........................ High Flash Aromatic Naphtha......................................................................................... Petroleum Thinner............................................................................................................. 1.84 0.92 27.60 27.60 Total . . ..................................................................... 100.00 *Raw tung oil, perilla or pale grinding linseed oil. 32: //10_ DSW 550901 ! j STLCOPCB4089318 Fume Resistant Enamel Gloss White Ingredients Pliolite S-5 Base i . ...................................................................... Aroclor 1254.......................................................................................... Drying Oil*......................................................................................... High Flash Aromatic Naphtha................................. ..................... Petroleum Thinner..................................................................... .... . Total............................................. * Raw tung oil, perilla or pale grinding linseed oil. Percent by Weight 55.66 1.96 0.98 20.70 20.70 100.00 Ingredients Pliolite S-5 Resin Aroclor 5460 . . Xylol................ Aluminum Vehicle Total Percent by Weight 15.0 15.0 70.0 100.0 The specific properties of this vehicle are: Specific Gravity .................................................................. 0.955 Weight per Gallon............................................................. 7.95 lbs. Solids Content ......................................................... .... 30.0% Viscosity, No. 4 Ford Cup ............................................. 22 seconds To prepare an aluminum finish add No. 422 Alcoa aluminum powder, or equivalent, to the above vehicle in the proportion of 12 percent by weight or 0.95 pounds per gallon. Goodyear indicate that this aluminum paint has very good stability and samples aged in the laboratory for more than two months showed no loss in leafing. If a more flexible finish is desired, liquid or plasti cizer type Aroclors 1242 or 1254 should be used. Pliolite Base 19 S-5 for Imparting Non-Sagging and Improved Brushability to Pliolite S-5 Enamels Goodyear report that difficulties with sagging and brushability of Pliolite S-5 enamels and flat whites have been experienced by some paint firms. To overcome this, it is suggested that Steatite (a special grade of talc) be incorporated in Pliolite S-5 on a two-roll mill to give a base which can be used to pre vent sagging and improve the brushability of Pliolite S-5 formulations. Goodyear offer this base, con taining 70 percent of Steatite and 30 percent of Pliolite S-5 under their trade name Pliolite Base 19 S-5. Addition of this base to Pliolite S-5 formulations tends to prevent sagging, improve brushing, prevent hard settling, impart high thixotropic consistency in solution and effect gloss only slightly. Description of Pliolite Base 19 S-5 Composition ..........................................................30% Pliolite S-5 70% Steatite Specific gravity............................................................. .... 1.91 Gloss of film..................................................... Satin sheen Color of film.............................................Semi-transparent, milky EFFECT OF PLIOLITE BASE 19 S-5 ON PLIOLITE S-5 ENAMELS The following formulations illustrate the results obtained by incorporating Pliolite Base 19 S-5 in Pliolite S-5 enamels. For example, the following Formula No. 1 demonstrates the results obtained by the addition of an aged solution of Pliolite Base 19 S-5 to a Pliolite S-5 enamel. -- 11 -- DSW 550902 I jsr ^ STLCOPCB4089319 Formula No. 1 To one gallon of Pliolite S-5 gloss white enamel containing: Ingredients Percent by Weigh: Pliolite Base 1 S-5............................................................................................................. Aroclor 1254 . . .............................................................................................................. Drying Oil.................................................................... High Flash Aromatic Naphtha......................................................................................... Petroleum Thinner.......................... .................................................................................. 55.66 1.96 0.98 20.70 20.70 Total............................................................................. 100.00 Add 28 ounces of an aged solution of: Ingredients Percent by Weight Pliolite Base 19 S-5......................................................................................................... '. High Flash Aromatic Naphtha......................................................................................... Petroleum Thinner . . . .................................................................................................. 40.0 30.0 30.0 Total................................ 100.0 The following Formula No. 2 demonstrates the results obtained by dissolving the Pliolite 19 S-5 along with the other ingredients of the enamel. Ingredients Formula No. 2 Percent by Weight Pliolite Base 1 S-5............................................................................................................. Pliolite Base 19 S-5............................ Aroclor 1254......................................................................................................................... Drying Oil................................................................................................. High Flash Aromatic Naphtha......................................................................................... Petroleum Thinner............................................................................................................. 45-05 7.00 1.80 0.90 22.63 22.63 Total............................................................................. 100.00 Formula No. 3 (Control) Formula No. 3 is identical with Formula No. 1 with the exception that the Pliolite Base 19 S-5 has been omitted. It serves as a control in the following comparative study in which the viscosity and consistency of the enamels are given. Formula No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 Ford Cup 275 sec. 208 sec. xi8 sec. Stormer 47 sec. 40 sec. 27 sec. Solid Content 55.9% 54-7% 58.6% Stormer consistency is given in seconds per 100 revolutions of a forked rotor with a 200 g. weight. Both Formulas No. 1 and No. 2 contain about 0.5 pounds of Steatite per gallon. Although their solids content is lower than that of Formula No. 3, their consistency is substantially higher. This illustrates that Pliolite Base 19 S-5 adds body to the enamel and in actual brushouts both Formulas No. 1 and No. 2 were much better in working qualities than Formula No. 3 and showed no evidence of sagging. VI. DRYING RATE OF AROCLOR PLASTICIZED PLIOLITE S-5 FORMULATIONS Many of the Aroclor plasticized Pliolite S-5 enamels dry tack free in less than one hour. However in common with other paint materials these enamels require several days to reach maximum hardness. Since drying and the development of hardness, in the case of these paints, are due only to solvent removal, force drying at elevated temperatures to accelerate the rate of solvent removal increases drying to a marked degree. The rate of drying, especially to the tack free condition, can be varied in accordance with the evapora tion rate of selected solvents. The drying rate of the enamels increases with increased pigment and filler content. Drying oils added to the enamels increase the time required to attain maximum hardness. The incorpo ration of Aroclor plasticizers tends to reduce the time required for maximum hardness to develop. -- 12 -- jzr /3 D5\N 550903 STLCOPCB4089320 VII. PLASTICIZERS AND MODIFYING AGENTS IN ADDITION TO AROCLORS OF INTEREST IN PLIOLITE S-5 PAINTS C -- Clear film; complete compatibility H -- Hazy film I -- Cloudy film; incompatible Material Drying Oils 11 Drisoy "A"............................................. "Drisoy "B"............................................. 11 Kel X-L. .............................................. Linseed, high acid................................ Linseed, neutral..................................... 11 Diamond K Linseed............................. Oiticica.................................... ... Perilla......................................................... Soya, alkali refined................................. 7Thermolized Tung................................ Tung, raw................................................. 5:100 si. H si. H si. H C C H C C I si. H C Ratio to Pliolite Resin 10:100 25:100 HI HI HI CH CH I-- HH HI -- -- HI CC 50:100 -- -- I I -- I -- -- ____ H Chemical Plasticizers AROCLORS, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated polyphenyls (all grades) . C c c c Chlorinated paraffin................................ C c c c Diamyl naphthalene................................ C c c c Dibutyl phthalate..................................... C c c c Dioctyl phthalate.................................... C c c c "Hercolyn................................................ C c c c 8Kapsol..................................................... c c c c 8Kronisol..................................................... c c c c 8KP-23................ .................................... c c c c 8Methox..................................................... c c c c MONSANTO'S SANTICIZER B-i6. c c c c Tricresyl phosphate................................. c c c c Resins AROCLORS, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated polyphenyls (all grades) . c c c c 2 Cumar (all grades)................................ c c c c I10Duraplex AL-210-L................................. H H -- <Durex No. 220......................................... c c c c Ester gum................................................. c c c c c cLimed rosin............................................. HH `Pentalyn A................................................. c c c c 6Pentalyn G................................................. c c c si. H I*Pentalyn M............................................ si. H H -- `Pentalyn X ............................................. c c I-- Polystyrene............................................ XT Rosin......................................................... `Staybelite Ester No. 10........................ Zinar........................................................ c c c c c c cc cc I .-- Zirex........................................................ c c c c Varnishes Linseed-Cumar, 12^2 gal................ ... . Linseed-Cumar, 25 gal............................. c c c c c I c -- Linseed-Amberol ST-137, 12K gal- c c I -- -- - i j1s3 -zr >+. 0S\N 550904 STLCOPCB4089321 Material . 5:100 Ratio to Pliolite Resin 10:100 25:100 50:100 Miscellaneous Acrylic resins . . . . ....... Alkyd resins . ......................................... Buna-N, synthetic rubber ...... Cellulose Nitrate . . ............................. Coumarone-indene oils and resins . . . Gilsonite. ................................................. Gloss Oil N-Glo~5y. . . ... . . . "Gloss Oil ................................................. GR-S, synthetic rubber......................... `Lecithin Yelkin TTS............................. Maleic resins . ......................................... Phenolic resins......................................... Piccolastic B ioo................................. . Polyvinylchloride............................. . . Rosin Oil................................................. Alkyd resins as a class are not compatible. CCCC CCH I CC CH HH H H HI ---- Maleic resins as a class are not compatible. Phenolic resins as a class are of limited compatibility. CCC C CC C C SUPPLIERS "American Lecithin Company, Inc. 2 Barrett Division, Allied Chemical and Dye Corporation * Durez Plastics and Chemicals, Inc. `Hercules Powder Company `Newport Industries, Inc. 'O'Brien Varnish Company Ohio-Apex, Inc. Pennsylvania Industrial Chemical Corp. I0The Resinous Products and Chemical Company 11 Spencer Kellogg and Sons, Inc. . VIII. GENERAL The principal applications for Pliolite S-5 paints plasticized with Aroclors are coatings for metal, con crete, brick and masonry surfaces requiring resistance to acids, alkalies, water and other corrosive influences. These enamels are suggested for use as concrete floor paints, architectural finishes, metal primers and finishes, oil and grease-resistant coatings, baking primers and enamels, corrosion-resistant coatings and ship bottom paints. Aroclors have a pronounced plasticizing action on Pliolite S-5 (butadiene and styrene co-polymer) imparting flexibility to the paint coatings and increasing their life. The formulations of Aroclors and Pliolite S-5 along with their suggested uses, as given in this report, are in line with good commercial practice. Much of the information given was obtained from other firms, particularly Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Chemical Products Division, Akron, Ohio. The data given is to serve as a guide or starting point in the development offormulations to expand taking advantage of the outstanding qualities of Aroclors as plasticizers and resins for Pliolite S-5 paints. The information contained in this bulletin is to our best knowledge true and accurate, but all recom mendations or suggestions are made without guarantee, since the conditions ofuse are beyond our control. Monsanto Chemical Company disclaims any liability incurred in connection with the use of these data or suggestions. Furthermore, nothing contained herein shall be construed as a recommendation to use any product in conflict with existing patents covering any material or its use. MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY Saint Louis 4, Missouri New York Chicago Boston Birmingham Charlotte Cincinnati Philadelphia Detroit Los Angeles San Francisco Montreal PGB-rh 2M--71 Printed In U. S. A. IZ^AT-14- DSW 550905 STLCOPCB4089322 For further information about Aroclors as used in Pliolite S-5, write, wire or call the nearest Monsanto office. MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY ST. LOUIS AKRON BIRMINGHAM BOSTON CHARLOTTE . CHICAGO CINCINNATI CLEVELAND DETROIT HOUSTON LOS ANGELES NEW YORK . PHILADELPHIA SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE MONSANTO (CANADA) LTD. MONSANTO (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTD. Montreal Toronto Vancouver Melbourne MONSANTO CHEMICALS LTD. London Representatives in the Principal Cities of the World. f DSW 550906 STLCOPCB4089323