Document gb1ga9O9QpnaBDj2gQX7xmJO9

mm lllhlilllillll .. '/s/A 'W// % '*/// {? '4 '/, y/"4 '/. '4 Vmk \ '4 V7y/ %%'4 V. 4'4V4 4//A W/ W/ 4 '/, \ g ?////. WA FOR THE HOUSE OF COMPOSITE SURFACES HARRISON PAINT PRODUCTS AFFORD BOTH BEAUTY AND PROTECTION The English Half-Timbered or homes of similar type, with their composite surfaces, offer splendid opportunity for interesting color decoration. Town <Sc Country Paint will protect and beautify the woodwork, while Harrison Concrete Paint will prevent the deterioration of the cement surfaces, also giving an additional touch of color. For the shingled roof surfaces Harrison Shingle Stain will prolong the life of the shingles, and complete the color scheme. Color cards of these products will he gladly furnished on request. E. L d u Po n t d e Ne mo u r s & Co. Pa i n t a n d Va r n is h Div is io n WILMINGTON, DELAWARE :: IIi "l " "i r I'm In. II i:: Ml " " "'HI "1 i: ii " I'l'n Ihll 0 II Highways to Lower the High Cost of Living - ' John S, Beall O say that unimproved roads increase the cost of storage, and later--months later--sold to the consumer, Tliving is to assign a single cause for a complex condition. Economists are raising their voices against waste and mismanagement, both, of which undoubt often at a price considerably higher than he can afford to pay for them. The farmer who once "drove to town " with his load of eggs, lias now been pushed, by the edly add to the fast-mounting cost of everything we eat and growth of cities, many miles from the city markets ; and wear. Today, we hear that blame should be placed upon he depends upon the railroads to carry his products to a the middleman; yesterday, the effect of the World War was place where he can receive a price high enough to allow proclaimed the reason for high prices; tomorrow, we shall him to carry on his farming business and supply himself hear that the high cost nnd his family with the of uverytMng: is due to necessities of life--neces .some other single cause. sities that he cannot But in my opinion, the himself produce. present high c<jst of liv- ; Just as. the railroad tag is due to a corabina- ; seemed to make the lion of: causes, mo one farmer independent of of which is altogether the highway, sp the mo responsible, . tor truck is helping to When we consider make the producer of that falidwingeveiygreat ' food stuffs independent war, with Its necessarily of the railroad. The . vast destruction' of prop railroad, however, is an erty and slowing up of organization owning the taction, prices rise rolling stock and tracks lie cost of living over which the cars are increases operated, while'the beyond the income of the ""average 'person,"if! "iiinat.. look behind the OmdAttib-Makii Transportation % Motor TnitJtt Pmctimibh, and , Help to Reduces Living Costs motor-truck owner is often an Independent fanner, operating over a causes which are. today said I prices. high, road controlled by the money of every road-bond buyer and get down to the fundamental causes which made the and taxpayer in his community and the communities ................her than it should have been before the through which he must pass if lie transports his products I. conflict. In other words, -we- must ;find out _ by motor-truck to market. living as high as it was before'1814. It has been said that the cost of food has not been t fifty years have seen the growth of huge cities greatly lowered in eastern cities where formers, operating in many'parts of the country, and a consequent, concen either as individuals or as groups, transport their products tration of population in these cities. Where eggs; were six by truck from farm to market. This is true where the y cents a dozen fifty years ago, they now cost sixty-six cents. farmer sells to the wholesaler, and the wholesaler sells to . Where they were eaten fresh-from the bam yard fifty years the retailer, who in turn sells to the customer, the ultimate are today transported to: cities, placed in cold consumer. By this method, otay the high freight and . lull"111 t -i m n'iii,'i.n*"'*****'**.i'ii'rrfnimuni in. n ..n i :........mtr-mmMttiwmiiiiwnMnmi'iii^^ ...1.........1 : iifm-i-i -- TERMS t SnlMilpiomSioiiiBility*, ll,t foreign, Ctaelettat 1S0.0M, Aifstliiiig-nite* oa sffltaliaii. 'Anenrnepotuleiieo with tagnd to ebbo'eapy, sv wMnmee etoiild he ttddraued to DU PONT MAGAZINE, Wilmington, Dd*were. Copyrighted 19 by S. I, do Pont de Nemeni* & Compnay, he. PubUnhera way reprint fro* tii magoriM, with ewiit, li iitldB* ail:aiu.waoo wept thoea ihti curry epeetal copyright. . Electrotype* for wil, when pouible, he famiiliml on request, -------------1............................mil. ........[Tirn-fiiniirnmiii.i.iii u..'"t --iiii i i i te....iwrompaWWWTnrmttmm... ;....:..... : ' v..... :........... :..... :............................... .....................inTiTiraMit^.... ... .. ;1,.... ......................... --.. . n express rates of (lie railroad arc climinaled, and these are replaced hy the cost of motor transportation. Oul where municipal retail markets have been estab lished, the cost of lixxl products has been materially lowered. The farmer drixes in w ith his produce and sells direct to the eon-miner. Many cities are developing these municipal markets, where I hose who cannot afford to pay the ldgh prices el surged hy the retailer--prices made neces sary hy I lie number of hands through which the products pass can purchase on (he cash-and-carry plan. Until production gets hack to nonnaj, and supply and demand lire to sonic extent: regulated by the completion of (fie reconstruction period through which we are now passing, we cannot hope fur greatly lowered prices. But we can turn our minds ioday toward the const ruction and maintenance of good roads which play a big part in nil national development and lust mg prosperity. The federal government and the style officials have realized this. We see evidences of their aeliviiy in the great, roild-building plans now in operation or under consideration; in I lie vast aniounl of money set aside for road const met ion purposes, a in I in the aelive promotion of legislation 1o bring about a nation-wide system of improved highways. Conspicuous among the highway legislation before Con gress, is a bill now ]lending in the United States Senate, which was introduced by Senator 'fowliscnrf, Chairman of the Committee on Post. Offices and Post Roads. It is proposed by this measure to create; a vast system of highways under federal control and maintenance. This system will embrace not less than I wo per cent, or more titan five per cent, of the mileage tit actual use in each state uf the Union. What will such a system, when completed, mean to the people of the United Slates? For one thing-..and it is a fundamental that lias long been negleeled, and never prop erly considered-- it will bring our food-producing .areas nearer to our imttmfueftiring centers. Vast numbers of people engaged in manufacturing will, with proper legisla tion designed to bring about, the condition, pay less for fin; food they eat, and for everything that is produced to supply their needs. The man who lives near the highway, and produces food products for urban markets, will lienefit by highway im provement, because the cost of transporting tin: products be raises to the local markcl will be less. If be transports bis products direct to the consumer in the city via the municipal market, or direct, to the home, lie will haxe the benefit of the profit now paid In the railroad company, the middleman, the cold .storage plant and the retailer. In this way the farmer can. get. much more for Ills products than he receives at the present time, and slid sell them to the publie at. even lower prices than Ik ; did before the war. From this brief survey it. is clear that: the improvement of roads should lie the concern of every person, whether lie be laborer, farmer, merchant, banker, doctor, lawyer or other wise, living either in the city or in the country. The improvement of highways is u definite, fundamental step toward decreasing I he high cost of living. Let. us put our shoulders to the wheel and roll the mud holes info belter roads. The "Sugi" Finish UGGESTIVE of far away Japan, cherry blossoms 'The first process is to char the wood uniformly over the Sand wistaria, the "Sugi" finish possesses a peculiar entire surface, using a blow torch for the purpose. The charm. This type of finish is seldom used for general wood should be charred thoroughly, until the surface is interior work, but. meets the demand for .something ditierenat,lmost black. When this lias been done, remove the elmrred for the den. smoking room, grill room or tea-house. It is wood, using a wire brush, a ml you will notice that the sappy also particularly adapted for use on small novelties, such grain of I he wood has Ixen burned but little, while t lie as humidors, jewel cases, collar boxes and similar wooden soft parts have been burned deeply, giving the wood ;i articles, which may be made by the handy man or boy. very rough hiil-and-valley appearance. Snell articles make excellent birthday or holiday gifts. Now apply with a stitf brush a coot of Wheeler's The name "Sugi" is derived from the Japanese Sugi, or Special Whip; Paste Wood .Filler ami allow it. to stand for cedar lice, but the liti is It cm nes about from the Japanese foul* or live minutes. Then wipe off the surplus filler custom of making furniture and novelties from driftwood. from the high spots or ridges, leaving the deeper indenta The modern "Sugi" finish, however, is more attractive tions untouched. lid the work dry for forty-eight hours Ilian I he Japanese driftwood, in ilia! color lias been added and complete the finish with two coats of Bridgeport to produce several attractive elTectx. While Ibis finish Standard W<mderlac. may be. produced on several of the American woods, yet. If it is desired to produce a different, color than Ibid of all. these, cypress is by far the host medium. It seems produced with the while filler, lids may lie done by tinting to possess somewhat the same qualifies as the Japanese the filler to any desired shade by lhe use of color in oil. driftwood. You will he agreeably surprised at. the quaint., yet In selecting ibe wood for the work you have in mind, attractive effect produced, as the intricate graining of the be sure to secure cypress w ith an ini finite grain, for tin* wood will he developed to the highest possible degree, more intricate the grain, the more attractive is the final and will be accentual oil by the use uf the colored filler hi finish. I lie deeply charred portions. I A Visit to Toyland J. Coleman Benlleif ID you ever wish you were someone else? Par one of the third generation of Ibis family, every member Dticularly at this time of the year, whenever 1 hear of which has been a toyniaker. In the eighteenth century some one express such a wish, I always lDink the Schocnhut family made two or three kinds of toys in what a pleasure it would he to change places with othneatof the rooms of their col luge home. In this twentieth old master fovmaker. ft-ntr: Clans. All of os 1 m v p pxppri- century, hundreds of different toys are made every day in a modern concrete factory building, where live acres of floor space are divided into large, light airy rooms to house the greatly enlarged Sehoeiilmt. establishment. Machinery was milieurd of in the older days, but today automatic machinery has supplanted the hand tools of the earlier toymakers. The daily output has been multi plied, and better toys are made for less money. The first product made in this American factory was the toy piano. At that time a few toy pianos were being made abroad, but. they were hardly lo lie classed as instru ments. Tones were produced by the mechanical striking of wooden parts against: glass plates, which were held in position by strings glued to them. Music? By no stretch of imagination could one associate the sounds produced with music. Beating on a cracked dinner plate with a hammer handle would give better musical tones than these foreign-made pianos could sound. ' Mr. riel loculinl. manufactured a piano equipped with Tki'firM Http ht DoH-mtikitvj. ('nithit] am! Forming the Wooden Parts steel plates, each one so accurately tuned to pitch that eneed some of the happiness timt comes to him each Christmas eve as lie makes his rounds distributing' gifts, but 1 wonder how many of our readers have had I lie oppor tunity to wander through the workrooms of Santa Claus' shop to see how all the wonderful toys are made. I recall (he tones of the scale are perfectly reproduced. The American child's ear for music is developed by this instru ment, instead of being dulled by the discordant sounds of the foreign-made piano. And as the steel plates are un breakable, the instrument never gets out of time. The my boyhood days and the keen desire 1 had to visit the land of Santa Claus, but every time I men Honed the sub ject to my parents, they gyve some evasive answer that left the desire unsatisfied. Recently, the ambition of my childhood was realized. I visited Santa's shop right in the heart of Philadelphia, where is located the largest exclusive toy shop in the world, (lie five-acre plan! of A. Schoenhul: & Company. Not only is this factory the largest of its kind, but its products have set new standards for the world, both in originality and quality of toys made, for American children. As I passed from one department lo another, paus ing to watch the men and women at work on the toys, I sensed the atmosphere of the place, the joyous spirit, of the Yulel.ide. For* although the physical output of the factory is toys, the definite plan and purpose in the mak ing of each toy is to make little hoys and girls happy. Careful thought is put into tire design and manufacture of all the toys; they are real toys for real American Assembling the Parts ami Inserting the. Joints children to play with, toys built, for real boy-nnd-girl keys on all keyboards of both large and small pianos are service. of standard width, so that the little girl or boy may For more than 150 years the Sehocniiiit name has been lenrri unconsciously lo spread the fingers I he distance linked with the toy-making industry. Albert Schocnhut, required to play on a real piano later on in life. who established Hie business in this country in 187*2, is This toymaker started a new ora in toy-making--the * i era of realistic, t rue-t.n-life toys. Before I lull lime, toys were fanciful creations of tin* mind of the toyrnaker; they were designed principally to amu.se. Child psychology, and 1.1 le pa i t that toys can 1 >e made to play in e<li teal ion, was so slight a fuel or as to be practically negligible. Deep flown in the heart of every little child is the passion for read toys. The American tovmaker has been quick to realize this, /hr !Jn -vr;.'.::<j {)< ,`i rnni < j (ht ).L. >!! 1' ,f and has built: toys such as the piano, just described, an instrument that really can he made to play music. I noticed, too, in one part; of the factory, toymakers assembling many odd-shaped pieces of wood, metal and other materials into such toys as metulJophones, xylo phones ami comic voeoplnmes. As we passed through the various rooms of the plant, the master Lnymaker, my guide, pointed out the modern machine tools that Santa Claus uses in his establishment. There were circular and ha mi saws, forming machines and lathes on which operators were forming many peculiar shapes in wood; there were various drills, lathes, punchpresses and other automatic machines for making queer shapes in uietalx, luid batteries of sewing machines for making doll dresses and clothing of various kinds. There seemed to tie more .specially-made machinery than ma chines of standard stuck types. In one room I saw a complete machine shop where the special forms, dies and machines were made. Deep down In the heart, of every normal boy is the desire to shoot. Long before Ids parents feel safe in fur nishing him with a real gun, this desire is frequently and emphatically voiced. The acceptable compromise is the toy shooting gallery, which consists of various mounted targets and a gun made to shoal rubber balls and corks. As we were passing into one departincut, we saw a full truckload of these guns which will furnish sport for hand reds of sons--and hit hers, too--on. Chris I max day. The pursuits of the sailor are scarcely less attractive to the growing child than those of the limiter. Toy sail boats have always been popular. The imported toy boats of a few years ago were at tractive enough in their gaudy colors, but they were no more at home in water than on land. Capsizing was their forte; they could not he made to sail, and they would not stay painted. The same criti cism docs not. apply to toy ships made at this American plant. Every boat is constructed by specie I machinery to conform will.1 the Ixisfc patlems of ship design. Ilere is a. boat; .scientifically built to sail, and it does not capsize. m oreover, the boat, is tilted so that the child can raise, lower anil reef the sails just as the real, sailor does. Fin ally, it is tiiushed attractively in oil colors or enamels that, are both permanent and waterproof. These floats arc built in different sizes. Hundreds of them were finished and pain led, and hundreds more were in various stages of completion. Although the circus was a .Roman instil at ion, and trav eling bauds of clowns and troupes with trained animals flourished during the middle ages, centuries passed before any one thought of constructing a toy circus. The Schoenhut Company recognized the field for toys of this sort, and developed the Humpty-Dumpty Circus toys, which are now almost universally known by the children of this generation. These circus toys with their quaint figures have gained wide popularity, not only because they are ingeniously contrived and substantially built, but also on account of their versatility in. the play uses of imaginative children. A large force of workers were building these toys. In passing through the factory one gains the impres sion that in this place are made and stored toys enough for all the babies of tire world. There seem to be almost an endless variety and number of toys for creeping babies. And they are all finished in enamel so that the colors will not come off. should a baby put one of them in its mouth. One type of these toys particularly attracted my attention. Here (he Lifelike Piiinh-d Hair is A pplied. Enameled Hair is Wlinkable anti Very Sanitary the so-called "Roily-Dolly" toy. You may not. identify it by the name, but. probably every reader will recognize the type that refuses to lie down on the floor; that always regains its upstanding posture on aarouol of a weight placed within the toy at the boltom. This toy receives consider able attention by the master toymaker*. Now we come to a departinont of particular interest to | JL/JKiUJUjyUUiilt, 13i 9 ,, 9 ,, ,& 9 9 ! %,! 9 : JUr : X KJf J-'N JL, .1 9/9 -? 9 * 9 -tTM. g St gt = * 9 ! "9j *9''I . AML X A3T JX *d JL .i.t ( JLj L little girls who love dolls. For dolls are cherished equally Du Pont Company co-operated with the master toy- by the little Miss no matter whether she Ives in. a tiny tene maker in developing the paints and enamels for this pur ment or in a big brown-stone mansion, The Sclioenlint pose. All the colors used are permanent. Water has no All-Wood Perfection Art Doll, made here, would gladden ' injurious effect upon the fine colorations that make up the the heart of either one of these children. All the doll pretty doll complexion. And just as this specially devel faces are beautiful models of children's faces. A famous oped paint serves to reproduce the rosy cheeks of child sculptor designed the heads, and they are faithfully re hood, it is also effectively used to imitate closely the produced by thousands on special machines. You will observe from the accompanying illustrations that the heads are made of wood, and all the other parts, trunks, arms and legs are similarly formed from wooden Hocks, through which holes are bored, to accommodate the steel springs and swivel joints. To anyone who has had 'the oppor tunity to see how all these parts are made, and to observe how they are assembled, the word "unbreakable" as it is :.-:r .. ' * |KW|m 'HBffljl mm jEjB| applied to dolls, takes on a new meaning. Let us proceed to the dressmaking department. Here all the dainty doll clothes are made and fitted, but you will observe that Her Dollship, unlike a lady in real life, has no opportunity to survey her dressmaker's work before a mirror. For the doll is not provided with its head until. after the dressmakers have completed their work. Indeed, during this operation the doll's head is in another depart ment in the hands of the hair dressers and make-up artists; but more of that later. The dressmakers do not -make mere doll clothes, but facsimiles of real children's Tim i mol Am&nuiiny awl Drawing Up of Uie JLifaline Dolls dresses, as up-to-date as those worn by real little boys, natural colors of a child's hair. Dolls for very young chil and girls. In style, 'material and workmanship the dren are made with the hair painted on, while those for clothes made in this department would be a credit to any older girls are made with wigs. Real mohair, and only child's modiste. : mohair, is used in making these wigs, and they are in, every Doll purchasers are keen critics of doll heads and doll ' respect as carefully made as any other part of these faces. Not only must a doll please by perfection of its Perfection Dolls. After the doll heads have received all the finishing touches, operators finally put the heads on the fully dressed ' doll bodies, and before you stand beautiful models of childhood that no little Miss can help but love. Here are real little playmates--friends for life; for these All-Wood Art Dolls grow old gracefully; never lose an arm or leg, nor does that fatal eatastrophy--a broken head--ever ' occur. And they can be posed to run or jump, to stand up or sit down--everything except to laugh and cry, or to speak and sing. As I saw these beautiful dolls carried away to the packing room, where eventually they would find their way into the homes of little girls in all parts of the country, I thought of the joyous reception each . doll must receive and the happy times to follow in each household. . -' I have referred several times to the use of oil colors and enamels, and in one instance to our co-operation in devel : : . - Manufacturing the Dolls' W\ oping a special finish for these American-nmde toys. It may be pertinent to add that the Paint and Varnish Divi -: features, but the - complexion, - the hair, and particularly sion of the Du Pont Company makes a complete line the eyes and their expression must be lifelike. No short of primers, pastes, colored varnishes and many special fin coming here can. be outweighed by other perfections, ishes, sold under theHareo label, for manufacturers of toys, . mechanical or otherwise. The Schoenhut Company lays ' novelties. and kindred products. We are glad to have particular' stress on Making' their doll heads perfect in : included in our list of users the Schoenhut Company, every way. heads makers of good toys, and more than that, makers of hap , Y : faithfully to piness for thousands of tots who are probably asking their ...:..;..;..:..healthy"children!':...The...Technical.. Department.. of the daddies now to take 'tlienroira trip" to'Toyland;............... U U X KJ IX \ X IX J ;N lli l f Vak. Jb.U I k V*A\, ia ia Lead--Silver--Zinc Mining In the Coetir (PAlette Din/rief, Idaho J-.'. /'. k'iinj, Saif* Deparhnt'til, K. I. du Pan! tie Nenmnrs <1- Co., Im\ HU characteristic geological formation of the otic on lop of flic other. The original layers have heeti TCoeui* d'Alene district Is sedimentary rock. known as quartzite and slate, originally deposited in beds or layers during the pre-< `ambriuii period ami afterward shifted, tilled and folded hv volcanic aclivily which also forced up, under high pressure, gases and heated liquids, rich in metals, through the cracks mu I fissures of tin: compressed and folded into its present form. Tin's rock is rock. Thus hare been formed the rich veins of ore being extensively exposed throughout the district, runs to a depth mined today. of over five miles in many places, and contains rich deposits The first five strata named are the mineral-bearing roeks. They contain the richest values of lead-silver ' ore; also the largest, ore bodies occurring in the Burke and Kevett form at ions, and the largest bodies of zinc ore in the Prichard slate. 'Hie principal ores found in this district are galena or lead sulphide, which is by far lhe greatest source' of lead and silver; lead carbonate, which occurs in the upper strata near the surface workings; and 9 HHI zinc sulphide, occurring in the lower strata. Some very high silver values a re found associated with gray copper ore, and in some purls of the district low grade copper ores of commercial value are en countered. The ores occur in fissure veins that usually lie in a more or less vertical position. The average dip varies from 70 degrees lo vertical, but in one part of (he district, the veins rim at. an angle of about 48 or Hunker itill it Nullirttn Mihimj timf Couentrirnling font pant/* ifHL "I kellotjti, hltiln) 48 degrees. The width of the ore varies from about 12 inches to 50 or tiO feet, with a probable average of of lead, silver and zinc. The successive strata, beginning with (lie oldest in point of lime and the deepest below the sui-face, are as follows: 1st--Prichard slide, a si nil inn of an undetermined approximately 15 feet. In exceptional instances ore bodies of 1.80 feet in wiflth have been exposed. After a mineral lode is discovered and proved by surface Working's, I In'* next step is to get as much depth as possible thickness composed of an accumulation of sedi meul in ilie form of bluish-gray slate. tind--The Burke formation, a strut tun about 8000 feet in thickness, composed of siliceous rock of fine grain ranging from nearly pare white quartz ile lo dark gray slide. tird. The Kevett. forma lion, a stratum aboui 1200 feel, thick, composed mainly of white, hard- bedded quartzite. 4th--The til. Regis formation, a .stratum about I 11Ml feet in iliieknesx, composed of shale and sand stone resembling the Burke fora ml ion, but dark green or purple in cold ra.sl to I he light-colored Burke rock. 5th--'Die Wallace formation, a steal urn a bold MHH) feet, thick, consisting chiefly of thin-bedded shales inid sandstones. Oth-..'Phe Striped Peak formation, the upper most stratum, about 1 ()()() feel in thickness, com posed of shaly, siliceous sandstones. Although these various strata generally occur in tlie order mentioned, they do not lie horizontally /:', til It(lilt ilf f I,a riji' I ijtit:t;tilrtihftij M iU-i /iIttisi, U pLi'tUC'j by Hercules SIinlay t `out muty beneath lIk * surface dis covery. This is dime cither by sinking a shaft or, preferably, by driving a 1mine] from a lower elevation to cross-cut: Ihe vein at the greatest pruelicahle depth. Then, if ores of commercial value are encountered, they are extracted by sloping up ward, following the veins. 'I'lic obvious reason for getting beneath I he ore bodies is to take advan tage of gravity in break ing and loading the ones. The average tunnel, in rock that will si and without timbering, is !%' <: ; ... ; f# Mi a. T> where the rock walls will not stand without tim bering. It consists of posts, caps and girts of fir or hemlock and, when in place, is ten feet high and five feet square. The ver tical posts are set on fivefoot centers, so continued to fill the entire width and length of the stope; these sets, are covered on top with three-inch lagging, which forms the floor for extracting the ore for another set above, and so on. They are built up ward one post on another as the ore is blasted and drawn above each set. driven about five feet wide and seven feet , ixhtfin. 11 ( ; .]/ Ii!0 ill Iktif/J l' <><\ i/.V' <; The stull-set" is practically the same as high; hut. if timbers an* necessary, the seel ion is enlarged t lie "square-set " except that the caps are of random lengths snflieienlly to accommodate them. A tunnel of this size up to I (> feet. and the posts are set near the ends of the caps, requires an average of K bore holes; that is, about three wit bout regard to the posts unde meal h. 'File "square-set" cut holes, three breast holes, three hack holes, and three is used where (lie weight, is from above anil the "stuil-set " lifters. In very hard rock, possibly two or more additional win-re ilie weight, is a side pressure. holes called '`helpers" would lie used. After about three floors have been mined, or about 30 The main work-tunnels nr drifts in the larger mines are feet, vertical distance, lids section is filled lip with waste usually seven or eight feel wide mid nine feet high in the ruck, usually from development work or from waste raises; clear, inside the timbers. A tunnel or drift of this size llien the same sloping operation is continued above. accommodates a haulage track for the ore cars (propelled hi the " back-fill " method no timbers are used above the by electric locomotives) carrying from one to five tons of first floor, the work being carried material; and also provides room for ore chutes on the on directly on the till of waste side, passing space for miners afoot, air mid ventilating rook instead of on limbers as de pijx*s above, and a drainage ditch along the side of. or beneath, ihe trad;. scribed in the foregoing methods. In this system one cut or bench, six to nine feet in vertical height, is carried horizontally through I he .slope, and the filling follows directly behind I tie mining oper ation. The "rill" system is practi cally I he same ns the " back-fill " method, except flint instead of the mining and filling operations being carried horizontally. 1 hey are carried at about the angle of repose, the action of gravity iicing utilized to move the ore to the clinic and also to re-fill with waste rock. The "timbered-rill" c/foss- s ec t /*# is used where i he charac The melhods of sloping most generally employed are ter of the Iedge-ma I Icr the "square-set," the "sdnll-sct," the "hack (ill," Ihe overhead requires sup "rill," the "timbered-rill," and the "shrinkage. " with minor variations and combinations to fit local conditions. port to prevent its drop ping in; otherwise, tin* STULL-SET STOPE The "square-sol " is used when* I lie veins are large, or principle is I lie .same as CJ90SS SECT/OAf *'J lb JL \/ Jl .'H JL JLTJL A %. V. -Ll *A t J, 1 the "rill." Smaller timbers can be used tliim in "stullsetx, " because; as each eul. Is taken out of I lie back, a corre sponding (ill is made below, and not more llinn lit feel of wall is left exposed at: one lime. The "shrinkage" melliod consists of driving a sill-floor and limbering one set in height to leave passageway and r//r2.r srz.oair UNTIMBERED mil 3 TOPE AomirtfOMML SECTION ore-loading spst.ee beneath. Ore chutes are placed so that, ears esiu be loaded by gravity. Only enough ore is drawn through the elm tea to offset the increased volume of broken tire, caused by blasting Irom the solid ore in place, and to give the miners working space above. The operation is eontinued upward, eul. idler cut:, until all the ore is broken in the slope. This eliminates the necessity of timber!Jig and leaves I lie ore ready In be drawn w hen wauled. Practically fill the sloping, or actual ore-breaking, is done overhead, by drilling "upward holes" at mi average of (id degrees from horizontal and blasling down slices of ore from above. This operation continues upward from one level to the nexl. Air-lVed machine drills are generally used with l,!;s or \}:{ inch cruciform drill steel, both with and without water-spray attachment. Compressed air under about 85 pounds pressure i.s delivered to these drills. .In "drifting" and "cross-cutting" the water Leynerfy| machine drill is used almost: exclusively, with tin occasional exception where (he reciprocal ing piston machines tire used. The water Leyuer-iype machine uses i 14 inch round hollow drill steel, through the center of which air and water are forced to the bottom of the drill hole to eject the cuttings ami allay the dust. Bore holes of approximately t wo-ineh diameter til I ho collar, tapering to a bout 1 J/g indies at the hoi lorn, arc drilled loan average depth of from five to six fret. Holes tire spaced about, two feet apart, this spacing varying, of course, lo suit the diameter of the material blasted and the widt h of the sl.ojx;. No springing or chambering of bore holes is clone, but they tire usually loaded about two-thirds full of dynamite and no tamping material or stemming is used. The advantages of tamping are generally conceded, fml the difficulty of securing suitable material and of forcing the miners to use it, is the probable reason why tamping is not a common practice;. The primer cartridge is loaded near the last with one or more cartridges of dynamite on top, except vhere the character of the rock i.s such I hat l lie blasting of one hole might eat off the upper part of another, making it necessary to put the primer nearer t he but loin. Several methods of making primers are followed. A hole large enough to receive the blasting cap is punched straight: into the end of dynamite cartridge, or at an angle in the side about the middle of the cartridge. Another method is to punch a hole diagonally through the carl ridge near the end, drawing the cap and fuse through this hole and inserting I he cap into another hole punched in the side. In this latter method I here i.s danger of igniting the dynamite from side-spilling of the fuse. In sto|>e-blastir.g, gelatin dynamites of 80, 35 and 40 per cent strengths are used almosl exclusively. The usual practice, in loading the dynamite, is to split the paper- carl ridge shells lengthwise with a knife, and push each cartridge into the hore hole with a wooden lumping-slick, pressing the dynamite in firmly to fill the section of the hole. Cartridges Ilf x 8 inch and 11 x 8 inch are used both in sloping and in development work, with an occa sional exception where 1x8 inch cartridges are used in sloping. In most, of the development, work in this district 40 per cent gelatin, dynamite is used, but where the rock is exceptionally hard, some 50 mid C0 per cent gelatins are used. ritiimlfird high grade fuses, cut in seven mid eight-foot lengths, arc mnwr.sa.lly used. Short fusing is positively, prohibited. High grade 'Hasting 'Azzk/xTyyy//'./--''.-Y' 4/M'>, caps. No. 7 and No, 8, are used, for mine oper ators Iiave" recognized' the greater efficiency and consequent econ omy obtained by 'the more complete detona tion of explosives,' . . Fuse - cutting and capping are: generally SHRINKAGE STOPE LWGfrVPMAt' seerte/v done Sit surface. build ings by a'inan. detailed especially fortius work. Fuse is cut practically us needed, and care is taken to eul; it squarely and cleanly with a sharp knife. Tin; blasting caps arc then put on anil gently pressed to make sure that the end of the fuse is well seated on the composition in each cap. Caps a re then crimped with the approved type of cap ((`/Kitinucd an j nu>- IN') MJMUmiMEU, 131 SI JL U ' * U JN T MAUA21NJ5 [8 American-Made Dolls and Toys for Young America Sue C. Smith 'HO played with the first doll? Of what was it girls at the time of their marriage were accustomed to made? History. fails to give a satisfactory offer their dolls to Venus, the Goddess of Love, answer. Recorded history does not go back to In some countries, the transition from the symbol to the time when there were no dels. the child's toy was direct. The first Since the early ages they have ap children to inhabit the earth were parently been the presiding deities of little savages, who ran through the the hearthstones and cradles of all forestfindingacorncups, bird feathers, peoples. It is certain that dolls were pebbles and shells for their toys. One common in the time of Moses, For of these little girls must have invented - beside' the mummy forms of babies the stick dolly that has delighted the have been found pathetically comical' heart of every little girl at some time imitations of themselves--little dolls,. or other; and one of the small boys no doubt, placed there- by loving must have broken down a green - mothers. . bough and invented the first hobby Probably the -oldest dolls in the horse. world are in the British Museum. The first dolls made of baked clay They were found in the tombs of were not very beautiful. The first Egyptian children, some of them mud dolls had no arms or legs. Later, ' buried more than 4,000 years ago. dolls carved in stone and bone ap Queer little manikins they are, but peared with arms and legs. At a later they command immense respect as time came wooden dolls--and much being the veritable doll babies that later the wax and bisque doll. Now the brown-skinned children of the strenuous, modern child again Pharaoh's land loved and put 'to, has the doll made of wood and other sleep centuries before the Christ-child ' was born, . - ' The presence of dolls in the graves -TheO-U-Kid, a Popular American-ueih Doll, Prettier Than Her Name ami Made So Wm Du PmiiPVralim Mmmnd `` unbreakable " compositions. The old home of the doll was Thuringia, especially the town of of'these children, is accounted; for by : : Sonneberg, near Coburg, Germany, the-fact -that'll was an ancient custom to bury a child's Most of the inhabitants--men, women, and children--were dolls and toys in the tomb with the body. This was done engaged in this industry before the war. Making dolls was with the expectation that the spirits of these inanimate the chief occupation and source of revenue throughout would rise with the child's spirit;and continue to the year. tin the world beyond, as they had done In .this life. - The German child is taught to be an efficient me ill lias been used "in- chanic, and later de velops into a good cal and; mechanical soldier. rites of all nations,; ; But the American -Its first use was'for child isabetter soldier worship inconnection partly because, even ..ceremonial ...in-. - -In--the-grim--business - and not of war, he knows how for' juvenile-amuse to play. To quote an ment,. Early writers eminent kindergart- tell us that a pagan ner " the boy is a custom, required ; better fighter; the ehild-ren to make girl, a better mother because both are and -toys ' taught to be better players.5* In the a eer- consuming grind of ..HhrPmt PpraMwMtmiml Onara ''EgmBi0MnikWPM9''MwieneMmmIfi VtimintiiTm/ business''life,''play is 1J If U r U IN 1 AX A \J A fj 1 i\ It i ;* i ;j an essential. The man or woman who know.-; how to The war has given all true Americans a new point of relieve nerve tension by timely play is the one who is going view; a nd the American toy manufacturers aim to prov e Lo live to work another day. So it comes to this: our children to our home folks the greatest of the resources and must |ilny. Mild they must have "Mutie-in-America" toys their own accomplishments in the mai.iiifacl.ure of play to play with. things. One lias only to view the toy exhibits shown at Ten or more years ago the doll world was made np elliefly one of the annual conventions of the American Toy of vacuous-faced figures from over the sea, all cut from Manufacturers of the United Stales of America to realize the same wearisome pattern. Foreigners, chiefly Germans, that; they an* living up to the trust Americans are placing i-outrolled the toy industry and its markets. It was in them. almost an axiom that _____ ____ _ In some cities last year the manual training no manufacturer in I and dottiest |.- science rooms of the public schools, the United Stales ! I urn: d o-.i-r ;,ii [heir equipment to i he making could hope lo compete : of wooden toy;-., in I,os Angeles, the toy mer- against, cheap foreign ! vh;:u!". of.Vied to isiv the entire output of the labor and materials. ' .-. hoof.. Elgin. i hiuisand articles were thus made "Made in Germany" and .-old ilii-oiiy.il the shops in two months for was s I, o n e wall I'd Adii.ut), This money was given to the lied against which scarcely ` i is--, and l In- l ienmms were shown tlml " Made u toy maker m America Ui i II ,-I'i, ;; SI i it S US, ilured to butt.. \lmnsl a dozen years ago Hie lirst character During "our late dull-, appeared iti our stores and found instant unplensan l.noss, " how In\ nidi young Anierien.ii "mothers," who were ever, it was necessary iiivd id the breakable wax and bisque type im for the resourceful ported from abroad. Santa Claus to find Sin< t.hat time..not oilier places of supply. a year has elapsed " 15u.sine.ss as usual," which has not brought I icing his mol lo. he some new' unbreak moved Ids headquar ters to the United able "character" doll. 4: There Is a partic States, and there he ular demand nowr for will remain. American toy manufacturers are helping him and a re now at work develop 77.-7.y 77;,.7.; -. i ' .. S'/Jj - ; .j /', // ; ;;- \ , J7, W /.(' wooden dolls. These are unbreakable and amusing... iFor" exam ple, see 'Tilly and ing higher standards, Tommy- -Tinker illus and pulling forth belter toys ra; h< Ilian 'lii'aper trated here. .These toys. .cl ol1 a a re. ...m.a de in Toys "Made in Germany for A merica n eh il- America by Ameri dren! The idea, is not p|.-: :a ui . " to 1111,i"ine l.lie lion in the role of a m.ik r of i d: i' l ina ;s 11 a it HHEpjH cans, and they are enameled with Ameri delight Hie hearts of children a-, i i!i , e i;.'!'!.a a e. says the I 'irijiuiaii Pilot, it v. oil IP i .1 i li i hint of a rattlesnake .spilling all ar i' rose.- from ii- iaius. " ~0 . "yf can made Du Pont Pyralin Enamels. In fact, these American children should have AnaTti-au-iiiiide enamel finishes are toys. American 1 oy niuiiuhu-Um-rs have stripped us of l he last vesl.ige of an excuse for I be pureliiise of toys made by the Hun. Our factories are Tom my Tinker, the Btihij z own Anicrh'uii-made Dot!, Enameled with Du Font Pyralin EmtntcJ now* much used' in Toydonn...With- themthe toy maker can making more toys each year than we ever imported in an vary the complexion and the color of the tresses of his equal period, mid they are riot the flimsy jim-( racks we little people to suit the most discriminating " mother. " formerly bought in Europe. There is a concerted move Never before were doll-babies seen in such variety -- ment. among American toy manufacturers to make the dark-skinned Topsies, blue-eyed and fair-haired "vamps." public more fully acquainted with 1.1m real merit and red-eheeked lasses and, unlike many of their conn- superiority of toys made 111 this country. lerparts in real life, their complexions are waterproof Before the war, preference was given by American and will come out of Ihe daily bath, which is such a people to foreign-made toys. Several years ago, Ameri necessary part of every doll-baby's training, none the cans regarded things .slumped " Made in Germany " or worse for wear. The waterproof enamel is particularly " imported " from Switzerland, England or France, as desirable on a doll intended for the baby, for tlie little tot .superior lo any thing made at home. usually shows affection by putting "dolly" into its month. A' KJ JL \S X \ JL 1'^ Ml Red Gum--The "Mocking Bird j j of the Southern Forest S'. Johnston o. F all the birds of the South, none has a more varied qualities make ii especially suitable for flooring and I sen ii>' progra in or a noire imilal ivc one than the paving blocks, and when used for I lie latter purpose no mocking bird. His vocal versatility is a con creosote preservative is necessary. The sup gum is the spicuous trait.. While if. may Ik * far-fetched to refer to the wood always used for this purpose, and, although less ex red gum troe as the "mocking bird of lhe southern forest," pensive, it is none the less durable jha.il the heart wood. the metaphor is apt in tlie.se particulars: ll grows in the A variety of effects in grain may be had, plain or same dime the mocking bird frequents; and ml gum. ns (i cured. either .-fr.'ihrM, or quarter sawed, enabling unusual a finished product, lias the dis tinction of being adapted foi r effects in uniform tone or elabo rate figure. more uses, and more imilath uses, than any other southern wood. Like ail other woods, red gum is found in certain district-, where weather conditions ami soil fertility are best adapted to its growth. This district en braces Liu? southern and south wutral stales, an area in which may he found magnificent forest * of this.wood. Red gum is the more com mon name given to Ibis wood, WWW . i;:/rVi#trSjtgSTMijjtpMelW*- v-LrVi.;L:.--'."-.: 1I--m1 ------Bi wB : -T BIB l --1 iii the manufacture of furni ture a ud also in the finishing of interior woodwork, this wood may be used in reproducing effects very ' closely resembling the costly imported woods. 11 is this quality that 1ms earned for it the name "the mocking bird" of the southern forest. . Costly figured mahog any and the rare Circassian walnut, are so closely reproduced that even experts arc deceived. To delect the difference between although in sonic localities it i.-- these woods .and well finished knowii as sweet gum, gum, satin gum requires not only the casual walnut and hazehvood. Sap glance but the closest scrutiny gum, so called, is the sapwood of grain, texture and figure of or outer part of the red guru the wood. tree and is not, as many per,sisi Inasmuch as red gum is ex in staling, a different species. tensively used in. the form of The availability of rod gum woodwork, doors and floors for has been brought to the fore. The Gum Tree in the Fomjromtd in a Typical Hpcriiacn prominent public buildings aad The producing and selling organ private residences, it is ii.tcrest ization back of this wood is so thoroughly developed ami ing to note lliaL it. is adaptable for any type of work extended that, every prospective user run obtain it iu calling for mi effect that, is of the proper uniformity to practically every section of tin: country. This does much radiate simplicity, and yet .sufficiently distinctive to to encourage its use by those who base their selection on create an atmosphere of individuality. the merits of a wood that will best express their ideas in home decoration. It presents a splendid medium for the use of stains, fillers and varnishes, besides forming a superior base for A. hardwood, of easy working properties, close texture enamel effects. The color effects obtainable cover a and of uniform grain, red gum is a master material in the hands of the skilled wood variety to meet any need, 'and the finished appearance is one of great beauty and worker or cabinetmaker. It refinement. permits a full expression of Full- paneltul or half- the wood-turning art and paneled walls of red gum finds its chief outlet in the are particularly attractive, manufacture of high class furnil tire, cabinet work anil fine interior finish. possessing an appearance that is striking in its rich coloring and soft satin sheen. Red gum will not: warp; is not. easily marred and pos sesses great strength. These The Chutmleri'llir Clre ill of fhii Uum This is true whether the wood is finished in the na tural or in stained effects. No matter what finish may In* selected, the characteristic natural those used for the Dark Mahogany effect mentioned above. beauty of the wood will not he overshadowed by the The English Oak Finish is medium shade of brown on beauty or coloring' of the finish applied. the red east, mul Is one that will harmonize well with cither The natural finish is one of the more popular effects a brown or mahogany finish on the furniture. The effect obtainable on this wood. This is merely the natural wood is produced by the use of English Ouk Penetrating Stain protected by finishing material to preserve l lie color, anti and Waxed Finish, finished over with Wheeler's Interior Varnish, or shellac, andBridgt*|>ori.Standard Prepared Wax. A lighter shade of brown may be obtained in the Brown Oak Finish, by the use of Brown Oak Penetrating Stain and Waxed Finish, finished over with Wheeler's Interior Varnish, or shellac, and Bridgeport Standard Prepared Wax. All the effects mentioned, with the exception of the "While Enamel Finish, fully accentuate the natural beauty of red gum, without obliterating or hiding Hie intricate and delicate graining. Any of them may readily be reproduced practically and economically on this wood in your home, . - Fed gum, while possessing qualities that class it with the costly imported woods, is not so:liigli In price as to prevent Its use in the construction of the moderate- priced home; and it does enable effects, individual'in' tonic aid .1 JJrntdf ihr; :ij-a- it {hr / ijtnr;; * ir r: figure, that possess exceptional beauty. Woodwork is an Attractive "Feature...................'............... *- /" to accentuate the beautiful grain. The effect .is produced : with Wheeler's Transparent Paste Wood' Filler and .. Wheeler's Interior Varnish. The finish may also be ob tained by the use' of shellac and Bridgeport Standard : Prepared Wax over the filler. It is merely a matter of ' personal preference as to choice. ' - Another effect that has a peculiar charm on red gum is the gray finish, produced by the use of Bridgeport Standard Gray Acid Stain, No. *001 Smoked . Pearl Toner/and . Bridgeport Standard Wonderlac. This is a soft-toned gray on a slight purple east, suitable for the living-room or . bedroom. .. The American Walnut Finish is a rich brown color... the standard American walnut effect..-and is particularly suitable for woodwork where it is desired to ha\e if harmonize with furniture of the same finish, 'fhe effect i.s Tfrh Living-room fhr&i Afurl* r>f if# AthwJh'rnrsi-: io ih? lied On it: Trim ami Paneling obtained by the use of No. 1803 American Walnut Arid Stain mid 'Wheeler's Interior Varnish. Circassian Walnut Finish: This is a light brown color---one of Liu* most popular on red gum--producing an effect that very closely resembles genuine Circassian Walnut. Plain the wood with No. `2303 Circassian Walnut Penetrating Stain and complete the finish with shellac and Bridgeport Standard Prepared Wax. Figured red gmu should be used to obtain the proper effect. The While Enamel Finish i.s one of dignify and refine ment, unfigured red gum being used for the purpose. This effect i.s produced by the use of Wheeler's White Enamel Ondercoating and Wheeler's "White Enamel. 'fhe Dark Mahogany Finish on this wood very closely resembles gen nine mahogany. The color is a deep, rich red, produced by the use of Dark Mahogany Penetrating Slain, Mahogany Primer, and Wheeler's Interior Varnish. The art of wood finishing is seemingly a complex one, yet with the literature, booklets and panels available, the problem becomes simply a matter of knowing what to do, and how to do it. In this connection, the Architectural Service Bureau, Paint. & "Varnish Division, is prepared to furnish full data on any type of finish desired for red gimi woodwork. The prospective user of red gum may secure, without any obligation, authoritative information dealing with his particular needs--information that will prove of value and assistance in working out any wood-finishing project under consideration. This service relates not only to the finishing of wood work, hut to the entire decora live scheme for walls and floors as well, so that proper harmony may be maml&itted throughout the interior. A deeper shade of mahogany, on the brown tone, is obtained by the use of Brown Mahogany Penetrating Stain, the finishing coals over the shun being the same as | lidUnt'n Note: This -is the sixth of a seric/t of mtllmr-UaUre aiiichs on munis- mul worn! finishing, appearing cjcehuieeJy in fhe Du Pont Magazine. .Suljsvr/titmf. nrtirles discussing sjmrifit: woods and methods offinishing, will appear in early issues of fhe mmjozim:.}  L/KCKMBEK, jyiy I/ U 1 JN 1 .VI :\ li el fj 1 i-j The New Ether NE of the imporlanl brandies of our manu Colton. It is this new type of anesthesia ether, now Ofacturing activities is that concerned with the prepared on a commercial scale, which we offer to the production of sulphuric ether, or as it is techni medical and surgical professions as l)n Pout Anesthesia cally designated, di-ethyl ether. For many years .Eththeer (Colton Process). Du Pont Company has been making this useful chemical FIELD OF USEFULNESS in vast quantities as an essential material in the manu facture of smokeless powder, and, for a somewhat shorter ANESTHESIA time, in large and continually increasing volume expressly The Du Pont improved ether i primarily a high grade for anesthesia purposes. Although Hie same chemical coin anesthesia ether which fulfills all those requirements pound is used as an industrial solvent naturally expected of swell a product, mid as mi anesthetic, it is, of course, liesults in mimerous eases where this well known to everyone in any way The. announcement of new new ether was used show that it possesses familiar with the subject that there is and heller m,dhotis for the relief snjx'rior anesthetic power and that the a great difference in refinement between the two ethers. In fact, the difference is so great as to require radically dif ferent: methods of manufacture. The transition from one field of application to the other called Into service the best efforts of chemical and medical experts and skilled factory operators. Even after the problem appeared to be solved and Du Pont Anesthesia Ether was 1 icing sold throughout the United States of suffering never fails to ercite general interest. Parlicuhirlg in denial work and obstetrics, elimination of pain will be wel comed. as a boon by millions. I I'e, therefore, take special pleasure in placing before out readers Ibis article on a new and ini prated type of ether known as /hi Punt Anesthesia Elfur (Cot after-effects are markedly less than with other anesthesia ethers. No special procedure has to be adopted in admin istering this new ether for anesthesia purposes, and its range of usefulness covers all wises requiring a good anes thesia (filter. A _\ AiiJESIA It is believed that, the future field, of useful ness for this new ether, as an anal and abroad, the work of these investi ton Process}. -Ed it o u . gesic, will be varied and wide. It is a gators continued. Indeed, investiga general analgesic adapted to the nu tion work on this ether still goes on. merous eases where insensibility to pain It was 5n accord with this policy of constantly striving without loss of consciousness is desirable, not only to improve our products and increase their sphere of use in surgical practice where anesthesia ether is now used, fulness that one of the Du Pont staff physicians was hut; also in the many operations which are performed requested to attend a lecture on "New Ether" given by by surgeons and physicians with the aid of local Dr. .lames Colton, of Toronto, Canada, at McGill Uni anesthetics, or else without any attempt, whatever to versity, Montreal, on .Time 13, 1917, and a demonstration eliminate pain. Although much of the field remains to the following day at the Royal Victoria Hospital. Dr. be explored, reports on numerous eases indicate that this Cotton had iieen iuvesl.igat.ing anesthesia ethers from a ether, as an analgesic, is especially adapted to such minor chemical and physiological viewpoint for the past four or surgical eases as the sewing of wounds, opening and Lrenl- five years, and as a result of his study had Keen able to meul of abscesses, changing packings and dressings and produce highly refined di-ethyl ether, so modified by the short, emergency operations. addition of certain gases as to give the product new and de It is probable that in obstetrical eases and in dentistry sirable characteristics. These in brief were: the ability fa the analgesic properties of this ether have been most, induce and maintain analgesia (conscious insensibility to appreciated thus far. lit former eases only a small amount pain) as distinguished from, anesthesia (insensibility to pain of this special type of ether is required to relieve the pain, plus narcosis or loss of consciousness), and the properly of and it does not interfere at all with the progress of labor. inducing and maintaining anesthesia with material reduc In dentistry the ether can not only replace nil rous oxide tion of the sub.mjncnl nausea and other troublesome effects for extractions, but may also be used to rentier painless which commonly follow the use of ordinary anesthesia ether. such operations as nerve treating, removal of roots and The results of the demonstration were so impressive that drilling and filling of teeth, which hitherto have been the Du Pont Company immediately arranged to follow out. performed without au anesthetic. the elaborate and highly refined process of msmi.ifa.eti.iro In using the new ether as an analgesic it is not neces in their own laboratories. During the course of the ex sary to learn new and complicated methods of administra periments the Company's experts were successful in pre tion. The operator may, and should, employ the method paring an ether having the characteristics claimed by most, familiar to him. Dr. Colton for his "New Ether," that is, au improved Satisfactory results usually can be obtained by dropping anesthesia ether combining the analgesic properties with the ether directly from the container onto an open mask; greater freedom from after-effects, as described by Dr. iu fact, many eases of minor operations have been reported l-i I if U 1 \J IN 1 1U Vi A/i 1 IN IV i/n Kiib k k , lyiy where 1 In * desired elfect was produced merely by having ike induction to analgesia, (i ininiiles. While under, lie slated patient inhale the vapors from a saturated towel, napkin or he did not want merely l.o lose sensation to pain, but gauze. From ten to twenty slow ami deep inspirations wished to go to sleep, as he was tired. Amount of ether sire generally sullieient to induce analgesia in the average used, .`'kg ounces. At two previous o|>erations it was case. The condition is maintained by additional inhala impossible to induce him with commercial ethers, and tions from time to time as required. Momentary reten chloroform had to be resorted to. tion of (Jn* breath before exhaling enables the el her l<> function most cifeetirely, A few eases are given below to show the action of the ANALGESIA0A8E I A P PL N I) [X'TO.M Y new ether as an analgesic and anesthetic. It is thought Open mask administration direct, from container. Com these will be of interest to the general render ns well as parison of Cot ton Process el her with ordinary chloroform- to specialists <m the administration of ether. ether mixture. Pallent, aged `it, on account ANA Ii(l ESI A:--CASE 1 KXTItACTIOX OF WISDOM TOOTH, KX.CAV ATI OX OF CAVITIES ki..... of a, recent attack of pneumonia, was to be opera led on under local anesthesia for an acute appendical condition. She was given J4 81** morphine smd 1/300 gr. hyoseiue hydrobro- Bottle inhaler used. "I took the ether inide as a preliminary, sis she was exceedingly myself, had a wisdom tooth removed, and was nervous. Al II P. M. she entered the operat conscious all the lime. In fact. I told the ing room, and the skin over the site of .the dentist when to remove it. Did not feel any operation was carefully infiltrated with 0.25 pain whatever. I then administered it .several times to volunteer pal.ients for excavating I;. 1; (J4 of 1) percent, arnica in solution. A few' minutes later the incision was made, but the sensitive cavilies. for which it proved very satisfactory. At the Dental Convention at Swampseoll, Massachusetts. I had four pa ; : < CMri-.:;:: ! i';: ; A; l v patient was unable to stand further manipula tion on account of the deep soreness of the un derlying"" abscess. tients..-all for excavating, which At the request of was done without pain or loss the surgeon, the of senses. The method of ad houseman started ministration was from a. four the administration ounce bottle with by-pass and of the C-E mix glass tubes for insertion in the ture, The patient nostrils, connected with the became excited bottle by rubber tubing. 'The and, after 1J4 analgesia lasted long enough to ounces lad been prepare olie eavity. I think per used,"she dropped haps a nose mask would be **'.....................into a 'light-sleep, belter, as the patient could in . . but the .abdominal hale while the work was being muscles were ex done on the tooth. I think it only a matter of time before tremely rigid and there was a tendency to stop breathing. it will be universally used." Dr. E.W. Marvin, Lynn, Mass. The incision, made through the anterior aponeurosis, was A N AIX i liSIA; --(*AS E 2 LA PA KOTO.VI Y followed by severe muscular spasm. The use of an ampule of the special ether on the open mask was then suggested. The patient, was allowed io waken, and the special ether Open mask administration direct from container. was then given on the openniask, without the usual sur Male; age IS; weighI. 180 lbs.; operation, adhesions and rounding towel. Within four respirations her muscles resection of tubercular mass from abdomen. Time of relaxed completely and she was entirely without sensation. operation, I hour and 10 minutes. Patient remained very She was able to answer questions clearly, was not clear mentally and (`racked jokes throughout. He was excited, and would do anything requested. The operation given a small meal while the surgeons were operating on con t inned and the abdomen was opened. The appendix him. Abdomen was completely relaxed. .Eyes were had not ruptured, but the whole of the cecum was adherent, slightly dilated and pulse remained at 80, Amount of to the abdominal wall and pelvis. One ounce of the ether used, 3 ounces. special ether had been used by tins time, and as another A NALCi ESI A;--CASE 3 A KM. Ol'EKATIO-V ampule had to Vie fetched from the storeroom, the C-E mixture was again administered to note its eU'eet. Sen sation returned and the patient became blue if the C-E Open mask administration direct from container. Male; mixture was pushed. The special el.lier was again used, age, 3d; weight. 100 lbs.; returned soldier; operation, 'FIle patient si.woke and was able to talk. Her abdomen opening arm. Patient complained of feeling dull; otherwise, again relaxed. Operation continued for one hour. Ad lie was normal. Time of operation, 45 minutes. Time of hesions were broken down, and the appendix successfully ij it-L-KAiJii-jit. iy i y U X' KJ IN _L Jt rt Ar M. ZillN 1/ removed. Three ounces of the special ether were used. During its use, many limes during llie operation, llie patient could have walked os easily us she talked. After wards she remembered answering questions, but did not know .-mything about the operation while under the special ether. One jieruluir fact was noted. While under the special ether the pulse ranged about 80, hut under the chloroformether mixture it would immediately rise to ISO, The patient stated that she was hungry and thirsty during the operation, as she was also afterwards. There was slight dilution of the pupils, hut otherwise they wrere normal. The eves would roam about when covered, lint remained fixed mi any object whim uncovered. The hyo.seiue sec sued to cause an excessive excitement which prevented a successful local anesthesia being sufficient. Patient was as clear mentally at the cud of the operation as at. the beginning. Pain, recurred within ,1 minutes after cessation of the anesthetic. The local anesthetic was not used lor the dee|>er layers. ANALGESIA--CASE 5 REDUCTION OK FRAOTUHF Modified vapor apparatus, devised by Dr. Cotton, was used. A woman had been knocked down by a. motor ear and had her clavicle fractured. She was prejudiced against, taking any anesthetic until told that she could give it to herself. The patient talked throughout the whole opera tion and was entirely without pain imlil six minutes after the anesthetic was stopped. She then staled that she wanted more of it as it made her happy. There were no objectionable after-effects. ANALGESIA; -CASE B AMPUTATION OF DI STAB PII-VGAXGE Modified vapor apparatus, devised by Dr. Cotton, was used. The patient, a young colored hoy. was given the ether by means of this semi-closed type of inhaler. In about five minutes he was insensible lo pain, although able to carry on a converse! ion. lie laughed and talked a great deal, said he felt very queer and that he was sure he was dead. The operation consisted of the amputation of the distal phalange of the thumb ami lasted about 15 minutes. Occasionally the pa limit would led some pain, but did not realize what was being done and was very much surprised when I lie operation was over. He recovered ipuckly without, vomiting and went back to work in an hour or so. ANESTHESIA:--CASE 1 BREAST AMP ITT 1TI.ON Administration direct from container on open mask. Patient, female; age 70; weight 1P2 lbs.; operation, breast, amputation. Time of induct ion, it minutes to complete surgical anesthesia; operation, l hour. Amount of ether used, 5,5 ounces* No after-muisea, and patient recovered before reaching her room. Stated that she had enjoyed the sensation of going under the cl her. ANESTfIESfA: -CASE 2 OHO LEG YSTECTOM \ A XI) A PP EX D KCTDMV Modified vapor apparatus devised by Dr. Colton was used, Patient, female; age 85; weight 115 Ihs; opera I ion, cholecystectomy and appendectomy. Time of induction, 5 minul.es. Previous pulse, 100: pulse during operation, 70; roJuxulioiiduring first part, of operat ion easily ohiamed. Duration of opera!ion, l hour and. 20 minutes. Amount of ether used. 8.5 otinns. Regurgitated 1 ounces, but did no! remember It or sulfer from after-nausea. Pal lent was able io -walk while I icing returned from the oj >er;ili ng-room. ANESTHESIA:--CASE 8 (Collective). MISCELLANEOUS (iwaIhiney oxygen ,-enii~elosed apparatus used. The value of Ibis method was lirsl brought to the attention of Dr. (ailton by Dr. J. P. Baldwin, of Grant Hospital, Coluudms, Ohio, who was tin* first surgeon to use Du Pont Anesthesia Ether (Colton Process) in any moderate series of major eases. The teelmk is one of Dr. R. A. Rice's "Perfected Methods of Anesthesia/' (described in the American Year-Rook uf Anesthesia and Analgesia, 1915-1 MB), in which oxygen, from a low pressure tank, is let through the Gwaflimey Ihreedmttle, dosimetric vapor apparatus, with its ascending and descending percentage control, 'flic saturated oxygen-ether vapor, washed and moistened in the warm water bottle, is conducted by means of a rubber lube lo a closely-fitting face mask, or oval airway, to which is al laclicd a re-breathing bag, Baldwin reported 20 abdominal operations carried tail, from start to finish, with tins apparatus and method of anesthesia. The amount of e:her used averaged from 1 to 8 ounces. The recovery was more rapid and I he atier-effeebs less than those occurring with ordinary ether. With this ether and method it was possible to induce anesthesia by the vapor method, whereas, previously, with other tinned el her, ethyl chloride was always used for induct ion, and almost; double the amount, of ether was found necessary for mainlena nee. hi an art icle such as this it is necessary to omit a great amount of detail of importance only It) those professionally interested in anesthesia. For their use the Du Pout. Company has prepared a booklet giving more complete information. This booklet will be mailed to any surgeon, physician, dentist, anesthetist or hospital superintendent upon request. Our medical and chemical experts will also be glad to reply lo any quest ions not covered in this literature. The price at which it is necessary to sell Du Pont Anesthesia Ether (Cotton Process) is higher than that charged for ordinary anesthesia, ethers because of the intricate and costly factory operations required in its preparation. The new properties and improved results to be obtained through its use, however, so far outweigh any consideration of cost that we feel suit: our course in placing this new product upon, the market will be heartily endorsed by the medical and surgical professions. iU | XI KJ X \S J. ill. ilu \l ii 1 ^ J-j J/iMJYUDljD, 1 ,* J ,? Development of Soldiers' Gas-Protective Clothing ('. J). Abraham and George L. Sell mariz E readily recall llie lime when the Germans in the hospitals of Fra nee, where great numbers of Allied Wintroduced a new singe of warfare into the world soldiers were being treated for burns from this .substance, conflict by sending a cloud of poisonous pas ll. soon became known, as "mustard gas." It; is not gas over the British lines. The effects of this new metahot dorodfinary temperatures, and it is also chemically different. %h li up were so terrible l ha I l he A Hied from mustard oil, but its common leaders immediately made it their mime was derived from the property primary object, hi develop quickly ;l it has of blistering the 'skill,................ meansofcomhatiiigthr menace. The Ah American soldiers were already British scientists rose to the occasion on the front line when "mustard and within a Jew days alter the first gas" first came over the Allied lines, gas attack, crude masks with limited the Chemical Warfare Service Imme protective powers were being used bv diately began an investigation to front-line soldiers. The development secure protection from it. The from this first mask to Ibehighly per French a miy was first to take definite fected type that was being used at the action, and responded to the need by lerniiiiaiion of hostilities is well the introduction, of garments which known and need not be repealed here. withstood the penetration of "mus The far-reaching effect of this tard gas" for a limited "tins, at least. method of warfare soon became evi long enough to reduce the casualties dent to the Allied leaders, yet they from mustard hums.to. a.considerable. were hampered in combating I lie gas extent. The American Expedition warfare of the Germans by the con ary Force then ordered protective science of the people whom they rep garments modeled after the French resen led, and were prevented for a design, which consisted of a union time from using l he method which overall suit with the minimum num seemed to them to be most effective, ber of seams and with tight-fitting that of retaliation. Boon, however, cuffs at ankle and wrist* Hoods, the in trodnet ion of lachrymatory gloves and boots were also .required' gases (tear producers) made it im to keep out t]e'"`"'iiutsta,rtl""ias.""........ perative that rel alia l ory measures T1ie C 'hcmical Warfare Service be adopted. When t his decision was responded lw first..starting.the.<leyeb.. reached, Ihe Allies entered into the t >pmerit of tests in order to determine manufacture and use of war gases the kind of fabric that' was bestadapt- ivilli a determination to beat, the Germans at their own game. Overall SuiU (ifovdft <ttid Hoot* for Field Hrrriec ed to the purpose. At the same time they sent out requests to the various In 188ft Victor Meyer, a German chemist, investigated manufacturers of coated and impregnated fabrics for sam the properties at organic sulphides, among these being ples of jmilcriahi for protective suits, and furnished as much di-chlor ethyl sulphide, a siilwlanec that is liquid at ordi information as was available for the guidance of the manu nary temperatures and about as volatile as kerosene. facturers. A high resistance to penetration by "mustard gas" Meyer and hi.s assistants found that rabbits, cuts, dogs and was of primary imperial tee. It was essential also that the other animals, when exposed to the vapors from this gas material should withstand rough wear, resist the action of readily developed pneumonia and died. He also observed sunlight and rain, and be pliable at. all ordinary tempera that the porl ions of their skin, which came in contact with tures. Methods for chemical, physiological and physical the liquid, developed serious burns that healed with great testing were rapidly developed, and within a short lime the difficulty. Several of his assistants had come in contact Chemical Warfare Service was in a position to test fabrics with Ihe liquid and were suffering from bums similar to which were submitted by various manufacturers of the those that the animals had received. Evidently, as Victor country. It should be recalled that at this time tire Allies Meyer was sonicwhat more careful with human life than were laying plans for a long war and.the Chemical Warfare his government has been, and as he feared the toxic effects Service was starling the work with a proper foundation to of this substance, further experimentation was discon build upon. tinued. No further work on the examination of the prop In the meanwhile, the Chemical Warfare Service made erties of this substance 1ms been published by the Ger a comprehensive survey, accompanied by suitable tests, of mans; and the next data, that the world obtained on its all substances that were known to be used in coating or physiological action was observed early in October, 1917, impregnating cloth. The results of these experiments *-"r %tMU> M. W W X 'I JU , XI -V* * * *U* A allowed that oxidized oils and water-absorbing colloids Although the preparation of this material was a novel were in general the most resistant substances to-"mustard process, an order for enough material to supply the factory gas. " The oxidized oil-coated fabrics were best adapted to needs was already started when hostilities ceased, field use because they were weather resistant, although "While oxidized oil-coated fabrics were best adapted for their resistance to "mustard gas" was considerably less use in field suits, it was found that a heavier coated material than the hydrophilous colloids. was necessary for gloves and boots. Samples of the Early ill August, lift, a comprehensive investigation of regular qualities of pyroxylin-coated fabrics that manu gas mask materials had been started by the Experimental facturers had submitted were not found suitable for use as Station of the.Du Pont- Company at the request of the protective boots. By a few modifications of a standard U. S. War Department, This work led to the same quality of Fabrikoid, a material was obtained that answered conclusions that had been.arrived at by the Chemical the purpose and several thousand pairs of hoots were made WarfamService, thus enabling the Experimental Station to from it and were sent to France for field tests. These submit quickly highly developed. samples for protective boots were made of pyroxylin-coated material in the form clothing. These samples Were tested of an old fashioned galosh reinforced by the laboratories of the Chemical with thin leather soles and were used Warfare Service'and were then sub as combination overshoes and leggins. mitted with their recommendations The signing of the armistice occurred to the Gas Defense Division, together before the field tests had been com : . with samples of fabrics that had been pleted, so no boot material had been submitted by various other manufac adopted by the A. E. F. turers in the United States. The Gas In the development of protective : Defense Division selected the Du gloves, because of the novelty of the Pont oxidized oil-treated fabric as a processes, more difficulties were en standard for the preparation of union countered than in any other part of overall suits, and the entire Fairfield the soldiers' protective clothing. It ; plant of the Du Pont Fabrikold -Coin was finally found, however, that a - pany wjis placed at the disposal of the pyroxylin-coated non-stretchable fab ' ' Gas Diiiitnse Division for the pro ric was best adapted to the various . - ductuMvof this material. Within a conditions for which the gloves were few: \Mteks the capacity of the Fair used. Quantity production was an ; field plant had been reached, A larger essential consideration; as labor was plant was then secured for the pro unobtainable, it was impossible to fill duction of this material on a scale the orders for malting gloves by coat commensurate with the requirements ing fabric and treating the seams by of the American Expeditionary Force. hand afterward. The dipping process : Although the oxidized oil-coated seemed to be the only solution of the , material for protective suits was the problem, and the necessary clipping . best for the emergency and large apparatus was accordingly provided. : quantity production, was in progress, Suitable solutions were determined, : i experiments were being pushed in the and methods of dipping and drying : ; development ofMaterial for suits that would have a still- greater resistance 'Protective Suitfor Factory Um were developed. When these proeesses were ready to be placed on ....to,;" "'mustard, "'gas,"...'.Among""these: wi woven... a factory scale final samples were submitted to the ' cloth impregnated with : oil, which; was: developed on a ' Gas Defense Division and a contract was drawn up. Part . laboratory scale by the Chemical Warfare Service. This . of the Newburgh plant was remodeled for this work, and material permitted the free access of air to the body but - within a few weeks this novel process had become a factory - - filtered out the poisonous mustard vapor. Enough of this procedure. ' Several hundred thousand pairs of gloves were material was then made by the: Newburgh: plant: of the . in the process of manufacture, and preparation had been Company for the preparation of about 1200 : made for many times that number when hostilities ceased. overall suits, and these were sent to France for field tests. Coincident with the other investigations that have Theyiwere still'iii this stage when hostilities ceased. : been cited,: highly resistant curtain materials were de : . ' The higher resistance of' the hydrophilous colloidal veloped for use in covering the entrance of dug-outs during tends to-"mustard gas" and the superior comfort . : gas attacks. Many of the front-line troops relied upon ' which they gave, due to their transpiration of moisture, . these: dug-outs for'protection during a gas attack. Three recommended them for-factory work where they were not types of curtains were developed at the Du Pout Experi exposed -to the elements. The Du Pont Experimental mental Station. They had been tested by the laboratories Station had developed a fabric of this kind that was most - of the Chemical Warfare Service and were considered suffi for the purpose, and a number of these suits : ciently promising for field tests. Orders by the Chemical " " Arsenal...|n....8epteB|ber,...11.18..... ....................................................................................... papet.S#).......................................................................................................... ......... Fabrikoid in the N. C. 4 llli first airplane to cross the Atlantic: was up Tholstered in Craftsman Fabrikoid. In this plane every detail was thoroughly considered from the standpoint of actual sei"view r < j11 ire incuts, and adopted only after exhaustive tests. In finite caution and mi nute scrutiny of ('very component part were vital to success; price was not considered. Fabrikoid was found to have just the qualities which were needed. Being absolutely impervi ous, I here was no dan ger of its absorbing moist ure from the fogs and clouds encoun tered. This would increase the weight to be curried and make the upholstery soggy and inicoinforfable. Freedom from moisture, too, avoided the danger of its freezing and Incoming stiff at high altitudes. Then, Fa hrikoid has the rugged wear-and wea l.her-rosi.sl mg< paili ties needed in an upholstery material that must stand severe usage and almost constant exposure on an aerial voyage. Fabrikoid was not an experiment on the N. C. 4 ; it has been used extensively in airplane construction ever since planes have been built in quantity. .. When' the '.United States Aircraft Pro duction Board laid" its plans for quantity production of training and fighting planes, orders were placed for thousands of yards of Fabrikoid of the best grade by factories building these planes. Many erf'" these planes have been used for long periods,"in-every part of the .United States and Europe and under the most strenuous conditions, yel no single complain! of any difficulty due to the upholstery material in them has ever been reported to the Du Pont Fabrikoid Company. So far as can be learned from actual service tests Fabrikoid is the ideal upholstery material for all types of flying machines. Lead -Silver--Zinc Mining ittttjf A'; crimper, which makes a flat crimp about I }/\ inches wide, close to where the fuse enters. .If fuses are to be used hi very wet work, the junction of the cap and fuse is waterproofed by dipping or painting it with a standard ea.psealing compound made specially for that purpose. The use: of the less sensitive types of explosives, in connection with high grade bias!"mg accessories, is doubtless an important factor in minimizing blasting accidents. The record of this district, in its comparative freedom from blasting accidents, is most commendable. The storage of explosives ill this district, has been a profilem because of the broken topography of the country. Narrow canyons, steep bills anil congestion of buildings at. the mines, have in several instances com [idled the use of underground magazines. Tunnels are driven, apart from any other mine workings, buck into solid rock about 100 foot, and a room is chambered out and lined with cement or timbers. Boards or wooden racks a re put in to keep the cases of explosives oil* the floor and away from the walls. About ,`10 to 00 days" supply of explosives is stocked. 'Illis underground storage, although not considered by authori ties as ideal, because of dampness and limited ventilation, has nevertheless proved to be satisfactory for temporary storage. Where conditions permit, outside powder maga zines of standard specifications an* provided; that is, fire proof, weather-proof, bullet-proof and properly ventilated. Blasting cups are never stored wit h explosives, but are kept in a. separate magazine, or in a dry, safe place in a store room. The present: cost of explosives (including blasting caps and fuse) per ton of ore broken varies considerably in t. he different mines, from a mini mum of 11 or 14 cents per Ion, where the ore is easily broken down, to a maxi mum of about `M cents, where the material is hard and the veins narrow. These costs also vary t^om month to month in the same mine. The variation may range from IB to SO cents per ton, depending largely upon development, work pursued, and whether blasting: operations were productive or unproductive of ore. A. fair average cost is rather difficult to strike, but. in most cases probably 24 to 26 cents per ton is the average, whore the ores are hard and tightly confined. Stated in another way, a ton of ore is extracted with from .5 t o.1.5 pounds of explosives. Making Prairies and Multiplying Manpower (k'o. IJ. Jj<nre ( MJ.OWING (bn example set by Wisconsin in I lie is hard to burn in place, very difficult lo dig out, and is Fwhite pine cutovers, llie Georgia rilato College of extremely resistant to decay. Nature plays little part in Agriculture during September and October operated, its eradication. The character of this slump caused the along new and unique lines, a demonstration train calletidde of selllenient in the Carolinas find Georgia to sweep the Georgia Land Clearing' Special. The topography of over from the coast, islands to the oak and hickory uplands the coastal plain of the South- - the yellow pine belt-.is of the interior, leaving the pineries for more than a hundred swell that after 1 lie stumps are removed, I he land is virtually years to the uses of cattle rangers and sheep-men. When of the rolling prairie type, while North Agriculture finally gained a foothold, ern Wisconsin land is hilly and broken. ,. i In- " light wood"siutiipdominated farm The Wisconsin Land Cleanng Spu-ial carried only equipment used la lane clearing, hut the Georgia project _ -rd' ' prw-t ice, forced the cultivation of crops Si C" that could be grown in rows among si ninps, and required the use of plows featured tractors also. The basic idea was to show the farmers how to mul that could be swung around them. Fortunate in the possession of an tiply manpower with tractor.-- .-rad mu ehinery of other kinds, as well as In jjjjHHHgHiH ample supply of cheap farm labor, the settlers of the coastal plain have made teach them the modern nici hobs < fair progress in recent years, but they getting rid of the stumps that prcv<-;:i have been confined in their efforts to the use of such mechanical aids. raising crops that may be grown in rows, The Georgia Land Clearing Special :v crops that produce a minimum of feed- was opera ted as a coopentl i ve pro !'! under the auspices of UtcHkile < Allege of Agriculture. The Railroa .A i i i tration, the Georgia Landowners A:od > ciatiou, E, I. du Pont de Ne mours & Company, luc., Wil studs and foodstuffs. Cotton, cane, tobacco, peanuts, corn and upland rice if be grown among stumps when H--H. A W U; was ample labor; and so long as the labor question did not vex them, fanners in the liamson Steel St urn]) Puller coastal plain area, made Company, Hercules Manu facturing Company, through Stevens Hardware Company: International 11 a rve.ster Company, Soutliern Moline Plow Company, Cleveland Tractor Company, W. J. Dabney Implement Com pany, Oliver Chilled Plow X -A- 1'' I I 11 11 si little effort to eradicate stumps. South Georrggiiaa,nis the rmost highly developed sectioin of tlere,a* Alah^ie yellow PTM-e kelt, but spts,in- mum and Mississippi that - have made as great progress -as any part of it. One Georgia Works and McCord & Sat terfield Trad or Company, county produced SO,000 bales 1 of cotton in 1017, yet not cooperated in staging eight one-fourth of the fields there een demonstrations in south are free of stumps; an Ala Georgia. ` bama county shows about The train was composed . 80 per cent of stump-free of nine ears, and the general method of operation was mod ^ ' ! -!' ' . -* t tit. i jS~l'iH}ti it 1 tilt' -( Ik j/ Jitjul'i !ill' Ixnccr; After ihc Kxjitaiiwn--The Demoiixlratars Dir/ Their tt'or/,- Will land, which is the record, so far as known, in the coastal elled afterthe Wisconsin plan. plain. Alfred Alalliewson, the Du Pont representative on the Every method known to the land clearer has been used Wisconsin train, went to Athens when the project was first on the "light wood" stump, but the average fanner long launched to advise the college authorities in matters of de since grew apathetic and resigned himself to the small tail. Because of the tractor combination, the southern plow and the row-crop. It has furnished the stump- train was much larger and more pretentious than the puller its hardest task and the agricultural blaster his most, original Wisconsin train. difficult problem. The taproot is a buttress against, wind The deeply Uprooted, highly resinous slump of the pressure; il tapers downward to a jxiint which is some longleaf pine has been a baflting problem to 1 he land times fifteen feel below the surface. 'Flic blaster cannot clearers of two centuries in the coastal plain. The slump gel. his charge under it, and the puller is practically working against I lie whole earth, whereas t lie while pine .slump of the Northwest is difficult only been use of its bulk. A ptdler-demoitstnifor who has worked on bol h 1 lie Wisconsin and Georgia trains says, that a fifteen-inch yellow-pine stump offers more resistance than a white pine slump six feet ill diameter. The elmraeterislies that make the lightwood slump so hard to handle give it. a salvage value above all other.stumps in the United Stales. It is literally soaked in resin anti turpentine, and from if, by various processes of destructive distillation, arc made a Jong list of products. The pine .stump makes line fuel for tin* open fireplace, so dear to the southern heart. Unless the present supply be con served, I he lower South will someday feel its loss. Through lhe efforts of the disl illation companies, the method of blasting this stump has been rendered more economical; also, by recent, work of Du I'oiit blasters, further improvements have lieen made. In order to blast I Ills .stump economically wild dynamite, it is necessary to liere a hole into the taproot. The boring problem is quite difficult, but is nmv in a fair way to he solved with outfits that come within the reach of the large farmer and the contract blaster. When the boll-weevil made the production of cotton extremely hazardous in the lower Boutin farmers began to diversify their activities, and they found flic* slump mlicit more in the way than before. At the same time, they lost tlioti.sands of negro laborers, some frightened away by the change in farming met hods and others drawn, to the industrial districts of the East and West. As a result, of this labor exodus, some sections lost headway and retro graded to n considerable extent, but south Georgia, turned to the production of hogs, pea utils, velvet beans and tobacco, and land values steadily advanced. Immigration from the upper South continued to Invade the sect ion, and the slump was the only dark spot in the prospect. At this point, the State college and oilier agencies for agricultural uplift decided that a leaf from the Wisconsin book would shirt, south Georgia, to eradicating the stump, Many farms were beginning to need the wood that was in the stumps; (lie market for silimpwood for distillation was good; but laborers were so scarce that many farmers realized that they must, use more machinery. Lund values had advanced to a point where larmors begrudged the room a stump occupied, The time seemed ripe to change I ho psychology of the south Georgia fanner; to start him to thinking in terms of tractors, instead of cotton mules; of gang plows, ins lead of `'hov dixies"; of mowers, reapers and harvesters, insI cad of hand operations, made necessary by (he handicap of stumps; of adequate preparation, instead of futile sera idling the ground, mid of soil-building with legumes and rotations, instead of a single crop that depletes the soil It is doubtful if any demonstration train ever operated in the country with better prospects of accomplishing its object. The reaction of the farmers to the work lias been all that the promolers could wish. The attendance has averaged 2,000 at each demonstration point and. nround the dynamite work, the crowds hare been too large for efficient instruction. Fanners have come 150 miles to see the slump-blasting operations unci to witness ditching with dynamite. Tractor salesmen following the train say that their sales have been extremely .satisfactory and that their hooks show numerous prospects among men who ha ve announced their determination to get rid of their slumps lids winter and buy machinery next year. The first, demonstration was given on. a farm near a growing town of 8,000 population. The land was valued at $1,50 an acre; yet there was an average of 73 slumps to the acre, each Inking up sixteen square feet of space. Another demonslration was held under the shadow of the million-dollar packing plant of Swift & Company, tit Moultrie, Georgia, on land worth 8200. Here I he manager of I lie plant said that if bis people had not. seen the prairies of the West before llie slumps were removed, no such invest men l would have been made by I hem in Georgia. At, Tilton, the demonstration field was in sight of the new packing plant of Armour & Company and on the grounds of the Coastal Plain Experiment Station, now being estab lished by the Slate of Georgia. The territory penetrated by the train has raised Georgia to fourth place in hog production in five years; to third place in peanut production, and it has increased the pro duel ion of''bright" tobacco from three million to twenty million pounds this year. The demonstration of ditching villi dynamite has been the outsbmding feature of each day's work. An extremely vet year put drainage foremost in the minds of many farmers ami town officials. South Georgia will unquest imably see much ditching done by the "giant laborer " from this time on. lids work has been extremely effective and coilxincing and has been given wide publicity. Contracts for thousands of feet of ditch have been offered on t he fields to the dynamite crew; in fact, one of tlic helpers, a competent blaster, left sendee on the t rain to do work on his own account. The Georgia .Land Clearing Special was really the out growth of the conn I y agricultural demonstration work done by E. I. chi Pont de Nemours & Company Ira*., lust; winter. Publicity given to I he increased efficiency and redueei 1 cost of stumping by methods nmv in use brought, about a demand for a larger project, which resulted in (he State College of Agriculture faking the mat ter up and giving it proper direction. Until that time no special interest In the slump problem hud ever been shown. Theoretically, stumping should have preceded farming in this territory, but. it did not. From now on, however, it cannot be doufiled that stumping operations will be carried on rapidly. The Georgia I,and {Hearing Special fulfilled iIs mission in showing liow stumps can lie removed economically, and how fanning practice in that district can be improved. Grenier constructive work has not been done for any one section of the country than this protnolive effort:, in sun 111 Georgia. A./ IM.JLHiJMV*-V, .1.*./ A 1/ The Collar Develops OR. ages collars of one kind or another have been use by business and professional men, who are not accus Fworn about, the necks of men, sometimes for re tomed to wear any inferior article. straint, sometimes for ornament, and sometimes for .Indeed, there is an in<Teasing number of people who utility and convenience. Tennyson suggests the use fohrave discarded the use of the starched collar in favor restraint in Shis line from his St. Simoon SlyliS.es--"A of I lie modern eleanahle collar, for aside from the grazing iron collar grinds my neck." For prisoners and high price of collars and high laundering costs, starched slaves of early limes commonly wore bands of iron around collars arc short, lived. Actual experiments have .shown their necks cither as a means of restraint or as a badge oi that, 51 per cent of the life of a collar is taken out bv their servitude. iauudries. Collars of another kind have been worn as an cviden<-c The w.Ti' Challenge CJeanable Collars are now made, of distinction by kings and they possess every essential of others in high office. Charles collar style, fit and appearance. V. of France, in the fourteenth Their base is a special grade of century, granted to his cham strong muslin, which gives berlain "the right: of bearing at them their long wearing qual all feasts ami in all companies ity: their outer surface is the collar of Cosse de Genestc, Fyralin, which is readily clean- which was a chain of couples of able and gives them the re brooin-eods linked by jewels;" quired stiffness; and the so and collar similar to it was called "linen" finish of the worn by Henry IV. of England, collar, even to the stitched . on the way to Ms coronation. edge, is perfectly reproduced, After the Wars of the Hoses to give the exact appearance of collars of this type were a the expensive starch-stiffened favorite .decoration, particu cotton collar. larly during the reigns of Henry VII. and Henry 1T.II, As a Readyjar Any Emergency--It's a Challenge ChasahU Collar This modern collar, in addi tion to its finished appearance, mark of'dignity decorative collars of this kind are still has the practical utilityof being instantly definable. It may worn by English officials, although only-on occasions where be cleaned on the wearer's neck by simply rubbing the -tradition rather than, choice'rules, : surface with a damp cloth; or after wearing, by washing : The ordinary white collar,--as: are article-<f utility in it with soap and water and then drying with a towel. men's: apparel, ntay have .developed from either of the It does away with laundry bills, and with the ne other types mentioned. Occasionally, one: may see on the cessity of frequently changing one's collar during the street a passer-by whose collar is so tightly drawn together day time. , It is the ideal kind to wear on a railroad as to suggest all the discomforts of the undent St, Simeon, trip, or on a pleasure trip in an automobile. For fol 'with; his iron collar. -Occasionally, too, a collar may. be lowers of outdoor sports at all seasons of the year, it is . with aiieli ornamentation as to suggest. the. the only practical collar because of its non-wilting and nt ll'"~l'.tlioocl days. Portraits of Henry eleanahle features. For traveling salesmen and tourists, it is particularly convenient; it eliminates the necessity nienwitlil of filling up one's wardrobe with a dozen or more starched so called "choker; collars,", and. a# one looks at their - collars. For policemen, trolleyinen, firemen, trainmen, 'portraits the impression, grows that freemen even in their mail-carriers, army and navy officers--in short, all who period were compelled by the dictates of fashion to wear are required to wear collars while on duty, these collars the badge of their servitude. fill a real need, -Then came the more comfortable lapel .collar, Later ; It :iniiy be that men of future generations will adopt on. the fold collar was developed, audit marked .man's styles-of collars very different from those now worn, for emancipation from most of his collar discomforts. . . fashion is fickle and styles are subject to periodic changes. ' 'Although the conventional white collar is almost But regardless of form and style, the further evolution of : universally worn for its utility and neatness, it soils easily men's collars will unquestionably be some modification of . and wilts in contact - with water or perspiration. This the eleanahle type. The buying trend today is definitely involves -high.'laundering. costs. In late years, too, the toward practical utility in dress, toward the .wearing of ..-i ; collars has forced many men to purchase practical deniable collars that combine economy and not only because they are the only convenience with good style and appearance, -No collars collars for men to wear at their daily tasks, but made today meet these requirements more fully than ,use these 'collars have gained approval and wide Challenge Cleanable Collars. Trapshooting Tournament Held Overseas HE American trapshooting fraternity is proud of was impossible to give them much individual inslruelinn. Tthe Fael that, when. the first rail for volunteers < an lie* its ranks were depleted more Hum the ranks of any otlier sport organization. From I it 17 to 'IJie miiteli was opened (Monday morning, June 2b, by General John J. Pershing, Commander-iii-('11id', American IE!)x(p!)editionary Forces. He briefly addressed the com several thousand Ira psh outers were among- the American pel i tors, and complimented them on their firing abilily. Expedit iomiry Forces in France. The younger men si night: Ih' stated in .substance that all classes of "fire" have a. service with fighting; units; the older men, with the various direct bearing on military training, mill that those who welfare organizations. ' show ability in t lie use of any firearm arc a file to instruct Hhcr soldiers on the important subject of aimed fire. General Pershing then advanced to the shooting station, gave the command, "Pull!" anrl as the target look its hifsive flight, hi* fired. The aim was true. "Dead!" called the scorer. The General bud broken the first target. The tournament then proceeded. One hundred targets were thrown for each competitor each day for five day's. I iitortunatcly, the weather condilions were not favor able for high scoring. Gusty winds frequently diverted the course of Hit* flying targets, upsetting the calculations of iin* .shooters. First Lieutenant. Larry R. Henry of Monroe, Louisiana, earned highest, honors in the tournament by breaking 42(i 'mi of 500 targets thrown. Hccotid honors were shared in the main event by Traps were first, installed in France by the A'. M. C. A. at Chnteim do Ynlencay, where nl liill'crcnl. times six or seven hundred officers participated in the sport. The Duke Lieutenant Colonel Lawrence E, Hold of .Lincoln, No brn.ska, and (Viplain A. F. Griffiths of Brooklyn, New York. Both shooters scored 417. In tlu* si! 00! -off. of Yaleneay also extended to these men the privilege of hunting on his vast estate, which embraces some eight thousand acres of forest land. Bettiu.se of the large; number of men interested in the "sport alluring" and on account of its dose relation to military training, a trapshooting tournament, open to officers and soldiers of the A. K, F. was authorized by General Pershing. The management oi this shoot was delegaled to lb F. ("Buffalo") Smith, a, Y, M. ('. A. man who had vide experience m promoting trapshooting tournaments in this country, fie undertook the work and, in a, short time, arranged a program Unit, alt melt'd wide attention among the officers and men of several divisions. On the morning of .June lit, lilli), t he plan of eliminating competitors, and the conditions of Hie tournament were "i'ml'Hih Is : ifJ- ' / ! /) fi.t'i -i cV i Jfiilfii/ in'tjiif) 1/11 i j n i iiiU.il:- (.} fj.r To{>'-m>rr:r ffi, U'l'J /p.v.q ///,; i'll h il > <U] HU!! I delermined. Previously there had been some elimination Hie superior officer won by a margin of two birds, scoring matches but there were fifty-seven entrants for the try-out 24 x 25. '' on Friday, June 20th. After firing 200 rounds eueli, Hie In like manner, a shoot-off was necessary to determine number of contestants dwindled down to thirty-five, and third honors. Both Major Louis R. De Roode of La Plata, after 100 more rounds had been fired, the number was Maryland, and Lieutenant A, A. Schwarz of Portland, reduced to twenty. Those who bad kept the pace thru Oregon, had brought, down 411 birds. But the Major these qualifying matches were eligible to enter the final was declared the winner, when he shuttered 2:3 of the competition for 500 clay-pigeon targets. 25 targets, defeating his rival by two birds. A number of men who were sent from various divisions The services of Mr. Smith were valuable in Instruction, to shoot in the mutches allowed good form, but many of in promoting interest in the tournament, and generally, in them had not hud the advantage of trapshooting equip handling the many details of the program. It is not too ment at. their slut ions and were consequently out of much to say llud. the .success was in a large measure due tr> practice. Other ambitions shooters arrived late and if bis energy and efforts. Camphor and Camphor Trees in China ITH I lie approach of winter housewives begin the action of the steam, passes through a condenser, Wto arrange* on the cupboard shelf, various home remedies lhat are so useful when the youngsters usually a bamboo pipe, and terminates in a wooden Uib of cord wafer, where it is collected as camphor ami camphor oils. It i.s a primitive process hi (-hina and a wasteful exhibit the first evidence of colds. You may depend on one for although tin' tipper bra indies and leaves do not it that a "camphor" bottle will stand in the front- rank. contain as much camphor as the larger members of I lie There is nothing of apparent interest in the crystal-clear rice, the Ouiic.se lose liquid except its im-d;cinnl proper!ies* yet in iK manufacture thee' :m- 3* S some of the product when leaves and branch es are used for fuel. Kevorii.! interesi.ilig lari> Notwithstanding the that the average lemw primitive means employ keef>cr knuwslitt 1cm m ml. ed and the loss of part of The youngsiers know the product, the average only lhat. it is good fm- yield of a tree - h about eohLs and find, when one-half ton of camphor compcnuiricd with -.mw.'- --enough to provide on a teaspoon, the onsc spirits for every house contains far loo ii-iic hold in a large city* sugar in proportion in Some camphor is the camphor, even if being produced in this only u drop from 11 *- country, and it is be bo! lie is added. lieved that eventually A. great deal oi the American production in camphor used in I he Florida will suffice to United States is honor take care of domestic ed from Japan and 1 he needs. Thirty-six years Island of Formosa. ! loo ago the United States ever, the camphor in Department of Agricul dustry m China h an ture purchased a tract of import ant one in which 3,000 acres near Palatka, both family and govern Florida, andplantedcam mental interests aiv in phor trees in long hedge volved. Families arc rows. This camphor farm principally inieresle<i in is today a splendidly de I he join! ownership of veloped area* Hedge trees. It is not iinruin- cuttings are gathered nnm for a family that once or twice a year and numbers as many ns'.kOP!) distilled in accordance people, considering both with modem chemical direct and collateral re practice. By this method lations, to hold an equity ownership in a single camphor tree like i !* fi;. r'l,' '/ '!' if: i A ! ! I .`hi/.' i/f !/({' /."( i - ,-i y / "/ / I lit }\ i l ' ' {'I,'r.` ! (','/<' fail i!it (I`\ '} ' ' // ity- ' ( "< i If //., , > /1, ; >i,> it : / /;// rn;.! :-'i tf-n : the life of the hedges is preserved and the prod uct can hr obtained one illusirated. annually for many years. Considering that the life of Before such <* tree can lie sold, however, a license musl the camphor tree in (.-hina is about 500 years, there is be obtained from the central government authorities, and little fear that. I he indusl ry in America will he short lived, also from the local officials. After permission to sell a for the trees thrive as well in certain fa s ored sections of Iree is secured, the sale takes place, and Lie proceeds, Florida as they do :n China- or other sections of iJie East. which average $c225 for a tree, are divided among the Ill 1013, The Arlington Company, now one of the Du owners with regard to their several equities. Pont A merman Industries, purchased a tract of a ppruxiinalc- I nhirl.iiTialely in (Inna, I lie practice of numiifuchiring iv UbOOO acres at Waller, FI ora la, as the starling point in camphor results in the destruction of the tree. Firs! the developing a largo camphor farm.1' This is probably the tree is felled and the trunk chopped into small pieces or largest acreage devoted lo camphor growing in America. chips of convenient size for the retorts. When the retold is filled, water is added, and a lire is built to carry on the simple distillation process. The camphor rohJ dizes under A Oi'MTinr-irm >if tliN pLriiatkxi v-i.-> publiOnd ia> ! July I til.*: numbir of tfuA roasazim:.. i:\ x \ J'j i s &v h u Mb k h ^ iyi^ Transparent Pyralin Sheeting in the Air The Latest l'xe of this Interesting Material of a Thousand Uses' ' ROM advertising novelties | feel ions in t he construelion of the tnu isparent wind shields made of Fcurtain windows lor automobiles; planes. Others were linked with the from baby rattles to safety question of control, and si ill others goggles mid gas masks: from towileetre concerned with the equipment of Pymlin or oilier similar products. These shields protect lho driver or observer v i I bout obstructing his vision. articles to sdeiif ifie instruments -These the aviator himself. The develop Another difficulty arose from the fact arc only suggestive of the wide range of ment of the gas motor solved the that, as a plane flew from the compara uses for Pyralin sheeting. Mew uses question of power. Through experi tively warm atmosphere near the earth for tills product lire constantly develop ments the Wright brothers learned the to the heights above the clouds where ing in tlie novelty and utility fields. secret of control, mid demonstrated it. I lie air has the frigid qualities of the One of the wry latest Arctics, the need of uses belongs to the warm protective field of aviation. clothing became im The aeroplane has perative, "While this followed l lie natural condition was over evolution of other ve come in part by the hicles of transporta use of"'heavy 'protec tion; utility first, tive clothing and then the refinements. head and ear shields, Prom the uncovered ""these were only ox-carl developed tin* make-shifts.andvrere prairie schooner with not "Satisfactory.for- its protective hood. planes carrying pas The enclosed car sengers who were riage was it 11 out - unaccustomed to growlh of the early sudden atmospheric type of horse-drawn vehicle. Textboi >ks Duringthelate war on American history the aeroplane played show the first steam ....an... important.'...part., engine drawing an American manufac- open carriage in "I tiers.concentrated" which the passengers ,,,on the1 task" of butM- were exposed to the ing various-types-of- open air. Today iTid *nvo*l & Uudei wuuti war planes, for.use. in. modern railway ears are enclosed even to The First l$-Pum:m/er Amu Tranimrt Plane Drke.u hi/ an SOU If. I\ Motor tend Uptipped vitli a Pi/miin-cattted Nose ....... Europe. 'The best mechanical minds of the vestibules. Similarly, the first but the equipment of the aviator was the country were set to work, and they trolley cars were built on the "summer given little consideration until the late brought out many improvements that cur" pattern, but they. Loo, ha ve gen war brought the subject to the front, will be adopted iuthe commercial planes erally given place to the enclosed type. and paved the way for revolutionary of the future. Borne of these improve The first automobiles were not pro changes. ments, introduced as protective me vided with tops or enclosed bodies, yet. One of the difficulties of the aviator diums during the war, will doubtless the tendency of today is toward en had been to withstand the constant; air be adapted for the greater convenience closed cars of the limousine type, like pressure against In's body while the of aerial passengers of the coming day. wise, when the Wright brothers first, plane was in rapid flight. Flying Plans were being perfected to manu took the a !r in their epoch-making aero against strong head winds added to his facture a large fleet of army tnmsporj. plane, protection against the winds and discomfort. With no protection other planes for service in France when the chills of the aerial regions was given than the characteristic head mask, war ended. These planes were de little consideration; it. was a refine goggles and closely woven garments, signed to carry at high speed a large ment. that awaited its turn in the trouble from this cause was experi force of soldier passengers to repel evolution of the plane. Behold now enced even bn a culm day when the sudden enemy attacks in any sector of the passenger aeroplane built to carry machine was flying at high speed. the line where the regularly stationed twelve people comfortably inclosed in a This difficulty was largely obviated by fighters might, be in need of reinforce compartment with transparent Pyrsi,- improvements in the design of aero ments. Each plane was planned lo li 11. windows. plane bodies. Modern planes are so carry, in addition to the pilot and his Pioneer aviators encountered many made that only the head of the driver mechanic, ten fully-equipped soldiers. difficulties in making flights. Many of projects above the top of the cock-pit, One can well imagine the number of them were due to mechanical iirtper- and the late models are equipped with (Continunl on pag*' ^1 Home-Made Christmas Decorations CHRISTMAS is preeminently the A paper link chain, can be made of tions of the kind. The pyroxylin I children's day, and no home narrow strips of paper that have bronzing liquid of which they are com 'where the merry laughter ol been previously covered with Du Pont posed produces a" neutral transparent children is heard is without some sort Gold Enamel. These strips of paper film that prevents the oxidation of the of Christmas tree, are pasted together to form inter powder and protects it from the air. It is, . however, not necessary to linked rings. The original brilliancy is thus pre have tree burdened with tinsel orna Rubber balls that are broken slightly served much longer than with other ments from the shops. Children really preparations. enjoy simple things more than elab The Gold Enamel is put up in com orate ones. The value of more per bination packages containing Du Pont sonal and simple decorations is doubly Bronze Powder and Du Pont Bronzing enhanced because their manufacture Liquid ready for mixing. The Pega is a part of the -tfarillimgly happy moid Aluminum Paintissoldin quarter- Christmas preparations, pint cans. You can obtain from your ' A. great many simple paper orna dealer or direct from us, postpaid, a ments which are both effective and im quarter-pint can of Gold Enamel for expensive can'lie made at home by:fhe 65 cents and Pegamoid Aluminum children or grown-ups. Some card- Paint for SB cents. Both products hoard, a few sheets of stiff, white paper, will serve in the preparation of a large ' a can of Du Pont Gold Enamel are all number of ornaments. the materials needed to make a large number of tree ornaments. :- . Here are some stiggestioiis;- First a Development of Soldiers' single star, larger and more beautiful Gas-Protective Clothing than all the rest, for the 'totjniQst bough, to recall to the merry makers : that other star which flamed above an Eastern hillside on the first Christmas . eve nearly two thousand years ago,- This star should be five pointed and can be made of cardboard as follows: ; Cut three stars exactly the same sfsse, : one of cardboard and two; of: smooth, ' white p ' " ' ""' the paper stars, by the star on both sides with Du. Pont Gold Enamel. : . ' Strings of paper disks decorate well easily i made. : It is best to ; first, and after the : enamel lias thdr" oiighly dried, out out the disiat...These disks should be perfectly i round, : a -pair for each disk, for-they must be . the 'same on both sides. ; When the disks are cut-out,. lay one down hot-' Wrhg Buy Ckriitm. When U (Jan Make Them h ivefiij at Home With (hid Enm -Aluminum Paint? and are no longer'useful as such, may be coated with the enamel and sus pended on a. thread;'* : Eggshell orna ments made of '"'blown" eggshells, cornucopias, strings of -two-inch stars, pine cones and walnuts, which have been covered with Du Pont Gold Enamel, all add radiance to thetree. . .Attractive costumes for Christmas and New Year parties-can be made of sonie:"siiiiple : muslin* or - -even cheese cloth, decorated with tinsel and gold enameled paper disks. . Such a cos tume, finished' with ITgilded paper hat and a pair :of slippers that .'have also : ` ` : . (Gontinmd from pmge 17) Warfare Service for field-test sam ples of these materials -were filled only a few days before; hostilities ceased. Not one of the materials that was requited for soldiers' protective cloth ing: was -prepared by a regular factory procedure- and, with the one exeep- tion. of boot material, radical changes in the factory processes were required to .produce, them. These rapid and radical changes in factory processes are evidences of co-operation between the- various departments and are also demonstrations of the ease with which the Du Pont Fabrikoid organization can adapt itself to current conditions. In common with most war work, "the'"signing of the armistice marked the termination of experimental work on the development of materials that had not reached the factory stage, and the close of production of materials up, and cover this with igood been;: gilded,; (for Du Pont Gold that -were already being produced at . Then lay a white cotton string Enamel works very well on kid) is the Fabrikoid plants with a rapid . s the center of the disk, and place very Attractive for a "kiddies'" party. adjustment of -these plants to a : another disk directly over the: first All; of these ornaments can also be -peace-time production. . : one, being careful that the edges are made with a silver or frosted finish, . The Du Pont Fabrikoid Company sxactly even.. Paste each disk on the which contrasts nicely with the gilded feels' that the intensive research and tring. about one-half inch:apart. Ail trimmings. ; The silver . finish. is ob plant work done on these projects has : : the disks on some of the strings may tained by using Pegamoid Aluminum greatly increased its laboratory and " ' is? siae; oil othersThey may be Paint, another Du Pont product. technical knowledge of coated fabrics. 'to:quite small ones at the Du Pont Gold Enamel and Pega The lessons learned-under the stress of w about ten or twelve to a moid Aluminum Paint, which can be war requirements will he thoroughly six inches of string1 at the used to make all of these decorations, applied in the products needed by a are very different from other prepara world at peace. ' : The 4 4 33 HE construction of tailor-inode, Tpermanent tups built: on artistic lines is no longer eon lined to California. and I lie West. ('oast, 'fops of ill is type have become loo generally popular to be localized in nmimfacf.ure, a nd. as a result, various:shops in the Mid dle West and the East, a re now equipped to produce: t hem. One of ilie. first, ..Imps to take up the idea , east of the Missis- ; sippi and lo acquire an enviable reputation ' " ' for turning out shape ly, .smart tops was The General Hop Co., of Cleveland, Ohio. The aceooipan ying illustration shows one of their "Class" Per manent Tops, a lop of r list motive elegance which gives the or dinary open ear all I lie individuality and beauty of l.he fine custom-built, model. The "Class'" top can be fitted Lo any open ear, being designed to conform to and ac centuate the lines of ...................... the particular ear on which it: is built. It is a. rigid, permanent lop, being constructed upon a strong framework of wood and steel, which is inelal anchored into the body of the oar. This eliminates all vibration of the top and makes if; an integral part of the oar. The "Class" Top is covered with heavy-weight Moorish Fabrikoid, and the curtains are of the same material. Fabrikoid is go mu-ally used for tops of this type wherever they are built. stability--the quality of keeping iIs It is the ideal material for I his pur texture ami its good appearance un pose, as it combines great beauty changed. The pyroxylin coaling of with superb endurance. It. is rugged, wear-ami - lenr-defyiug and challenges ity to an almost, absolute degree. every test, of travel. Ileal, cold, Besides, the material is stain - proof rain, snow, dryness, alkali dust, al mos- as well as waterproof and weather- plieric: gases,... none of these allVel resisting. The covering' is not subjected Fabrikoid. hi ( 'a lifnnna. where top,. to bending or friction, because it i.sa.1- r ^ ' ' -> ways supported ill j place by the upliul- j storing it ixlernea l li :! and so keeps its shape I perfectly, i In upholstering the I "Class"Top, the rigid wooden frame is tirst covered ' with - heavy webbing, tightly stretched. Over this webbing is "tacked.a strong canvas .cover, upon which is spread a thick layer of curled, hair. Layers of cotton wadding are laid upon this curled hair and the whole is built up into the desired shape. Tliissluflingiscovered with muslin to keep it. ____ in posit ion. The Fabri The "Vtuss* PvrmanvnL Tap koid is then .stretched into shape over the of this type me in use by thousainks, muslin and firmly fastened down. and have been for (.lie past three years, All this work is done by skilled the materia! lias proved to lie un craftsmen. The beauty, style and per changeable in service and just ns per manency of tin* finished top, evident manent as tlx: top itself. Lo anyone who lias paused to admire It is apparent that on a. lop like the ears so equipped, well repay the ear one illustrated there is no bending or owner for t he cost and trouble. flexing whatever of the covering male- The " Class" Top must lie seen with rial, and Unit, the eharnetcristii* most out side curtains a It ached to gel. the needed in tin* material is chemical I ics l. id ea of i ts I)ea utv. The Plague of Bookworms RESIDENT of San I os, Brazil, to buy books that are bound in Acomplaining of the hookworms Fabrikoid. in his library, says lie has tried In Brazil, the Philippines. India, camphor, iiaplluilin ami fornndin wEithgy pt and tropical conn fries having out any success. an exceedingly warm climate, the im As in oilier things, an ounce of pre munity of Fabrikoid from attacks of vention is worth a pound of cun- in the bookworms is well known. This I real merit of bookworms. it; cer material is surface!I with a. pyroxylin tainly is a difficult mill ter to gel, rid film, which, being absolutely imper of the worms once they are in vious to the bookworm, preveni.s its the book, but it is a splendid entry into the hook covers and, con insurance against their depredations sequently, into the body of the book. The film is also inedible by minute nmiuu.1 life and, better still, is repellent lo I fie various small worms and insects that, "lunch" on leather bindings and bindings of clolh and paper. It in not at alt difficult to leave books bound in Fabrikoid, or to have them rebound wilh il. Bookbinders the world over are familiar with this material, and it is obtainable at. all the leading bookbinders' supply houses. L Look for the lag on the Bag ...... .................., ! Craftsman i'ul'iihpui Lunifatfr is non: fiiiuii' ?/ -' JoiUnrintf ual- 4,ri..a*/j i?in nr.j.i-.iun: cs AsiieS'ie.a: Lc ithri Good.-. Co. philinlHphi.'i, Pa. The LclLer Tiiml:: & JiriCo , P:i. Bc i'i.--V.i'.o j funic(StSpu inky Co., N.-ivv Void, IN. V. Huffhlo T;*mk .Ml;'., Or., !.iinrtVi<,1 Ni-\: IC.1T2 Lf:t her C i r- ! . Co.. N w V od.\ V. ^ S', iTrrklvnr. i L s'.oii C.> , 1 fi'i'e.o;*. Me. Pf:! i j.ln.i Trun-; L i >0'-. < 'o., Peter.-.Ina V H. W. T-o uut in. a is. Pro. l'i i!: j l-i L iii.ii'.Cii., Kielitiiojih, V.;. J. XI. ScUd tv. S-ui, Poiiruldiiiuit, J"".'.. Sew..tt; `l'i ntif: iu Bud C > . Pe'.ci:,L>-.ira. Vn. Summ 1 7-.ii: rrr.nr., New Vor!:, N\ V Ti.ivek:i--: i.k:p. Mf';;. Co., CieVcl.iiii;. O'liio. X.J: i i .: s s *J"111j i' t\ S.h'o: Co.. Tiiel.siionii, Vn. Vk Trunk hi SLii 0"., PeL:r::burb Va. T r '> ou pel out i.ii only whai its mokrr puts in. Service is del e: mined by workmanship and material. Workmanship is a hip factor bur material is basic. [.'he best ' %iiiks'ii,:.::>iac> cannot nuaiunii.v service unless iii- :.i. ri.u . e-ed will mve e. M M i: pb Oil PONT. CratLsnian Qualii:y in.--.kes eve; e piece ol Crallsinau r abnkuui in ye;yc rupyed. sound ami sov'ncrable. because ri is wsiiei"- iioo.' and easily cleanaidc; imsKmWy UiU^h and strong. Responsible. luggage* makers use it because ti.e<- knee." n will full-.' sustain i.heir repul a l ion. You may purehmc a ban. o: suitcase made t.-i Clansman Kabnkuid secure in tile known c.i'e ihai u will ,save you . Mir,! ;.u\a: you service. Our Trade Mark is Vnur rVotection tl. ice! iji.-s !i<..!v:ii.ro iV' lcui liuPuiil F;;l irikuirl i |;; i-'l: (>!i . i. I :!!: i i ;k nicbiK iij >: *. L >1: .in. IndPtl:, 0 :--:i p, meet". Du Pont Fabrikoid Com pan y Dlllllmn |[l POMT AMERICAN lilSTUES am.... inii i., li E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc., of Wilmington, Delaware ISHES TO ANNOUNCE Wthat neither it, nor any of its subsidiaries or affiliated companies, nor any of its officers or directors, is in any way connected with, or interested in. the Nemours Trading Corporation, the Allied Indus tries Corporation, the Merchants and Manufacturers' Exchange or the French-American Constructive Cor poration; sometimes indefinitely referred to as "the du Fonts, of Wilmington." The above corporations, because of similarity of names adopted for some of them, are frequently confused with the DU PONT AMERICAN INDUSTRIES and the E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS EXPORT COM PANY, which are subsidiaries of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc., of Wilmington, Delaware. The sale of the products of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc., and its subsidiary companies--out side of the United States and Canada--is handled by its subsidiary corporation, the E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS EXPORT COMPANY, with headquar ters at 120 Broadway, New York, U. S. A. All advertisements of the subsidiaries of the E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc., bear its trade mark t=f o i=t Wilmington, Del, November 30, 1919 r= Guess work and uncertainty about: same cool, quiet, unflitstored, and arriving are gone from motoring, in unflurried Cadillac, as when it started. sofa. r as t.he . Cadilla' c is con.c. ierned. And, better still, the passengers arrive, One characteristic that charms its owners, is the:tarn-like regularity With which it can be depended upon to keep up with a pre-arranged not harassed, but rested--not worn with weariness, but freshened and exhilarated, by the buoyant, floating, quality, of Cadillac travel, schedule, on short, or long distance; tours. . ..Arrival..at.Jestlnition, at a sped: time,;* almost entirely and exclusively, ST matter of the speed at which the Cadillac owner cares to drive.. things are not our testimony. : are the every-day common..places.-of.Cadillac.experience, . . They are the things that make the Cadillac stand out distinct and lumin ous among a multitude of motor cars. It will-reel;off the miles with clock- , like certainty -- with the same never They are the things that impel people varying, smooth, steadiness--at any to ask if any other car could possibly rate he chooses, from the lowest to be so depended upon--and invariably the highest.: : . It will keep on doing this, not merely hour after hour, but day after day, and if need be, week after week. inspire the answer:--"No--This is a joy peculiar to the Cadillac.'* They are the natural, logical, result of a thoroughness that is not satisfied with ordinary criterions, but makes its It will do it without balking or flinch own standards and constantly raises ing--arriving at its destination, the them higher and higher. .. ..... ntrrrrtrrrr^ CADILLAC MOTOR CAR COMPANY--*" DETROIT "'MICK- Le a t h e r ! r e n e w e r The Ideal Dressing for Leather Itcuewa worn, dbcolored or shabby luggage, Band % md nil urtides of leather or leather substitutes with : glossy black finish that will not crack? chip or rub -op. li pint; Prices 1 pint, | 1(1 I qrar|( ;.(|0 i | ' " . .................... ...................................... ..... f<So l d ' "'"En a me l Permanently Brilliant I For broniiwg radiators, picture and mirror frames* fixtures and all household ornaments. Preserves its original bril liancy much longer than other, preparations, .. " ................. .m Prices St pint. 50r V* pint, 65c Vs pint. 90c | I h.'YY - r'i'v!: iky,1;-. j.L'-'J.i ; -vrii fy: i ?.:^\Y\'\YiY hr; \v0 The Tar Remover Without a Rival Removes tar, grease, road oil,, dust atid setmi quickly and easily* Not only cleans but restores the finest finish lo its original lustre. Price--11.00 a Quart can f | j. g ? Ho u s e h o l d Ce me n t j' Makes 'Permanent Joints ....; .. *....A waterproof.. transparent;. corneat .for. the.. thousand. and.... ..1 one koasehold needs. Mends perfectly brio-e4e, eliia,. I wood, leather, fytiilim slid ill erdinsiy.materials, -I Price--30c a large tele mnnsnsnni pi' tin |1M m I I1116 Pi C.l ' ***3: U' 1-- = >$ '{] .\'a2. V/-f Set? for thv eoncotiiioire s$j huyvrs eonxidoring the purchase of any I)u l\mt product, and desiring specific information, this coupon is printed, t pon receipt, it will he. Jorwarded immediately to the. proper o[fee. for attention Fill ]ri, Cut Out and Mail This Coupon (Du Iv.iif i.ter, Advertising Division Dale E. I. tin PonS do Ke.mmim &. Co.. lm\ Wilmington, Delaware ExrmsivKS FI Shing.e Stein O Pitch P Blasting Powder Huiokeslaek Paint n Poiitor Bloating Supplied O Charcoal O On)- Mining O Fn rm Explosives U industrial Dvemmited D Lund Clearing St rtu dural Va mbhes \ rni>Ii Slant .Finishes Q Wagon and Implement Puinls Wliili: Lead in Oil Wire SfTetrii Paint Pontoklene Pyrnlin Enamcis Pyrexylin Solutions halt (kike Shingle Oil Solvents Pmms.dhle Explosives Rdiiivd Nitrate uf Soda Wood Filler Wood Finishes D Split Leu Iter Solutions D Wni erproof Cement Rond Building O Wood Stains G Wood Lacquer Saltpetre1, Tree Planting FIGMENTS PYRALLN Wood Pulp Artilivuil Vermilion C Brushes 1 >rv Colors SPORTING _ POWDERS p Lit barge i=! Black Spoiling Powder Ldhopom* G t hnlleuge CWaunble Collars Colored Sheeting n * omhs Hand Trnp D Pulp t kilors l W; Sets O Hunting G Rill.her Makers While Manicure Sets Q Pistol Sim>keL\s.s Powder O Resort Shooting Tidiutfim1 Toner WillL* Load D Mirrors Novelty Sheeting O Ride Smokeless Powder ^liH- i 'inornate Pvral in Pods and Tubes P Shooting in < 'ulloged G Pyralin Special{ies Sliouling on Bouts CHEMICALS Q Pyratm Toilet Coeds Li Smokeless Powder Trapshooting P Acids O Alum.' G Toilet Sc ih G Transparent Steel mg PAINTS Antimiolj ile PinWtiv.s Barium Chloride D Belt Conit:iit D Rrujj*<" Powder COATED TEXTILES G Auto Truck Speeiul FahHkmd O Barn and Roof Paint Bronzing Liquids G Book-Finish Fahrikoid O Colors in Oil D < arpolem: (Wood Preservative) C Buggy Aprons O Cuncrelo Moor Paint D Carpo (Metal Paint) G CratlMium Fabrikuid Li Concrete Paint Enamels U ( Vike < 'n\>*tir L Fahrikoid for Baggage G Fahiikoid for Home Pscs R Flat Wall Finishes D Floor Paints G Dead Oil 1 hslilied Water r: Fnhi'ikoid for Railroad Cptiolstery mid Vestibule Curtains Floor Varnishes Floor Wax House O Kilter a Heavy Chen!teals Household Cement Fahn'koid for Cpholsiering Q F/i 1 >rl kohi Sheet i ng I'Vhihetil Rubber ( onted Cloth Industrial Paints Japans L) Marine Paints LI Leather Rs-newcr D Lealher Htihsl-t) Ote Solutions LI Mantle Dips ILit Sweat JVJuierial G Murine Special (C. S. Standard) Fnbnkokl O Metal Preservative Paint Alrlid Lacquer D Motor Fahrikokl o Mill While, Nitie Cuke G 11 uyiJile Fahiikoid Auto Top f] Railway Ikunis Parludioii Material Red Lead Patent Leather Solutions l 1 Rug Anchor Shellac Pegamoid Aluminum Paint G- Shoe Fahrikoid ,'VaiiiK.... ........................................... ..... ................................................ \mrr Atitlrc** {If Pfr.sonitl)......... ...................... .............. AMme of Concern {if ('omjmay)................. Mddress of Company ............ ................. lil 'SiAT-.V.S: P Mmuifacia rvr; fl / 'reducer: Jobber; U (jmsnmvs, (Chock srhirii < Pc mV/o /i.. Denier', U hot Du Pont Products do you adt ? ....................... - - If a user, for nimt purpose does die prodm s vhveheti. ar that n hu h you nmv uso. inlervst you ? sehca-n; tji K.snoss .snot u j h e a s h no i.v a.v a i t u m c a m i \ r; uerreit I] I. -* M Iiiliihll i Transparent 'Pyralin Sheeting..inThe Air' (CmUmmd from pttm *4) troops that a fleet of these transport aeroplanes could deliver to the battle line on short notice. ' The necessity of protecting these covered" with" the "Pyralin ; sheeting through which the pilot can always see clearly, no matter how high the altitude or at what speed, the plane may be aerial troops en route suggested the en traveling. closedpassenger compartment as a sub Delivery of this machine to the gov stitute lorfurnishing to eachman an ad ernment was recently made hy aerial ditional supply of clothing and equip flight with four passengers, a pilot, a ment that would he unnecessary' and in mechanician, a. government repre the way after the troops landed. Obvioiisly, the pilot of such" a- plane, too, should, he able to see and direct Ms. course behind some protective trans parent shield. The designers and man ufacturers gave much' thought" to this problem. The-use of 'Ordinary glass was considered Impracticable because It sentative and one of the'officials"of the aeroplane" company,.. The -SOO-pounds of baggage .carried ,is scarcely, .worth mentioning except' as it suggests the freight-carrying possibilities of a ma chine of this type, ' The plane flew from.Cleveland... to..McCook..Field, Dayton, Ohio, a distance of 215 miles might be shattered by the impact of in 110 minutes, or at an average speed machine gun bullets or by the jar of of 117.2 miles per hour. The big landing, in either case involving the machine cut through the clouds and hazard of serious injury to some of maintained an altitude of 10,000 feet the occupants. The problem was finally solved by the use of Transparent Pyralin Sheet ing, 85/1000 inch thick. This sheeting is tough, strong, non-sh&tterable and so transparent as to give the pilot and " his passengers a clear view,................... throughout the greater part of the trip. As the plane descended toward the earth'the air-speed . meter registered. 150 miles per hour, 'but neither the changes in'temperature lor tlie extreme speed' had any. effect on 'the Ryraiin covering-of-the nose "through which.the. Although the'army transport plane pilot was looking,................. , / ' :.... was developed too late to see service' in The pilot had never before flown in a France, the manufacturers'went'for-' ward with its construction according to the plans made. Recently the first plane was completed, and the- method of constraction is shown in the illus tration on page 24, This plane, which is the first army transport plane in the world, has its nose completely plane' completely'" 'enclosed" "and "pro-" teeted; nevertheless, from the take-off to the perfect landing made at the end of the trip, he -guided the plane with perfect ease. Few people realize the nicety of judgment required to negoti ate a safe landing with a plane travel ing 75 miles an.hour lit the landing, and THERE...is nothing --1 - spectacular - about - the Waldorf-Astoria;....It - Is ..an hotel where comfort and luxury are unassuming-- yet unmistakable. Cfi Milt Avenue- 551 oat 34? Ste*fe.ifewY*: " l.M.Botaiar . ............Itofent......... : weighing about four and one-half toms. The fact -that so -perfect- a flight was 'niScli''lnier'littc*li'''cottillti'otiS"ts'"S'tfil)lti" to the pilot's.skill. And the fact that the Transparent Pyralin Sheeting so completely met the service Test on -the pioneer army transport plane, augurs well for its: continued popularity as: a product of proved worth for aeroplane builders, to to..........; to; Christmas Gift Supreme l/A BELLE PATTERN ft Iv o r y Py r a l in E.I.DUPONTDENEMOURS & CO. PYRALIN DIVISION WILMINGTON DELAWARE BRANCHES: NEW YORK. BOSTON, CHICAGO, ST.LOUIS, COLUMBUS, SAN FRANCISCO. ft ........ .. - Care-Free Upholstery it t l e feet must romp and climb and little hands L be sticky. Lucky kids, if the upholstery is -/ Craftsman Fabrikoid! Motherdoesn'tfretabout it. There are no scoldings, no spankings, no tears. - DU PONT TBRIKOI CRAFTSMAN QUALITY is the friend of children and of busy mothers. Soap and water, a cloth, a rub or two, and it is as spotless and beau tiful as ever. You can't change childhood but you can anticipate its tendencies: Grown-ups, too, are hard on furniture. To get care-free upholstery just say Craftsman Fabrikoid to the salesman. Sample and booklet " Home Upholstering " sent free MDU PONT FABRIKOID COMPANY WILMINGTON, DELAWARE M 4 1