Document gav2waD6ej8b5319Kr83ZGoXJ

EFFECT OF OIETARY POLYCHLORINATED tlPHKNYLS ON rjtOWTH ADO REPRODUCTION OF MINK R. K. Ringer, R. J. Aularlch and M. Zebik Orpartmcnta ot Poultry Science and tnComoLogy Nlchigan State University Caat Lansing, Hlchlgan *1113 The Crcal Lake* have played a prominent rolo In the development of the ailnk lnduatry In nc.irby atate* aa the** lake* furnished the rancher oitli an Inexpensive and abundant aupply of flah deened dealrable for Ink feed. Ourlnc the lalddlc 1940a. report* Iroia nlnk rancher* stating that reduced reproduction waa a consequence of feeding Croat Lake* li*h urn- railed to tli* attenrlon of unlvaratly reaefreher* (llarttough, 1941), Coho salmon taken froa the trlbutarie* of Laka Michigan during the spawnlilt run in 1967 were made avallabl* to eoMareial vanehcr* aa food for mink and reaulled in a preelpitoua incraaae In newborn nlnk (kit) mor tality, The eatrnt of mortality appeared aa a rtmo-doaaga raapenas ta coho a.itmnn in the diet, Adult breeder* were reportrd to be unaffected. Ran cidity, chlorinated hydrocarbon pcatlelde contamination and mercury pol * oiling were each prominent tuapect* a* the cauaatlvt agtnt reaponaibl* for Lhe high kit mortality. Reeaua* of tho dlaoatrou* efface of feeding coho aolmon, mink rancher* dlacontlnued ua* of Crest Lakaa flah In mink dicta. In 1969 our laboratory confirmed the mink lnduatry'a observation that Lake Michigan coho aalmon, when fed to brooder mink, reaulled in either total ccaaation of mink reproduction (embryo tonicity) or kit mortality, the drgree of complication being dependent upon the percentage eobn aalmon ted and the duration of feeding (AulerUh ct *1.. 1971). Coho aalmon per aa were not Implicated aInc* west roaat coho aalmon ylglded totally acceptable reproductive parameter*, Subsequent reproduction atudle* yielded data indicating that the eauaatlve agent(a) waa not confined aolrly to the aolmon from Lake Michigan, but wo* apparently preterit, 11 though to a leaaar axtent. In ether flah from tho Craat Lake* (Aulcrlch ct al.. 1971). Rancidity and aiertury contamination data tor the various flah did not corrrlats ulth mink tonicity data and each ua* diacounted a* a con tributor Lo the p,oblca; however, hydrocarbon pesticide contamination (total DOT and laomera or dloldrln) of tho flah ted waa lnvrraely propnrrional to nmaker of mink offspring born per female, Thia relation ship appear* spurious and m*y reflect, in part, the fat content of the fish. Feeding tlther OOT and laean-r* or dieldrln In levels far In cn ee** of thot found analytically In the flah' tailed to simulate the effect on mink of feeding diets contnlntng coho salmon (Aulcrlch and Rtnger. 1970; Aulcrlch ct al.. 1971). Tht* study was undertaken to investigate the effect* of polychlorinated biphenyls, known to contaminate Lake Michigan and Its flah, on growth and reproduction of ranch mink. HONS 052254 * 150- . MATE*I*13 AMO METHODS Thle etody consisted of thro* feeding trlolo encomp***|ng polychlorinated biphenyl* (PCI) supplementation to oink. Kl supple mentation was bp lneorporaeln| the Aroelot Into a cereal (rain ^raal* and then Into the diet. The sane baaal (control) diet, eecept aa specified, waa fed In all experiment*. The diet composition >aa carrel, 1ST; tripe, 201; beef liver, 5%; horeemeat, lit; chicken, 15X; and fiah, JOT. Standard ranch procedure* of animal care and breeding were uaed throughout the courae of the experiment*. RESULTS Experiment 1 A total of as mink were divided into 1 group* (12 fcxuilea and ) ale* per dietary treatment group). The treatment* were a baaal d'.et containing ocean flah, aubatitutloo of coho aalmon for the ocean flah. and the baaal diet aupplchented with 10 ppm each of Aroclora 12A2, 1241. and 1254. Mo frauil* mink receiving dietary coho aalmon berr young (whelped) nor did thoaa receiving 30 ppm PCS supplementation (Table 1). All adult mink fed aupplemental PCR'a died hy the end of the normal whetptng period. Thoec female*, on PCI'*, that aurvlved *uffielent time to produce offaprlng ahnwrd no Hgn* nf whelping. Six mink fed coho aalmon died during thr experimental period of January 1 to June 10. Me adult control mink died. Table 1 Effect of Oletary PCI Supplementallo^* on Reproduction of Ranch Mink (January 1 to June 30) FCilCI mated FcmIpi Kite hrr A \ I IH-Jut Kit* alive ( 4 wka.) RtMl (tcmtrcil) JOT coho ealmon Inoel 30 ppm PCI'a 12 12 11(2) ii 0 0 35 0 0 (1) 10 ppm each of Aroclora 1247, 1244, and 1254. (2) One female died prior to the mating aeaaon. i* 0 0 29 0 0 Tfaeuc analyala for PCI realdue* from aeveral mink chat died while on experimentation are ahown in Tabla 2. Control mlnh were aacrlflced for tloauo analyala. The almilarlty In the tlaaua rendue* of the PCB Aroclor 1* the trodo none of polychlorinated blphrnylt by Honaanto Company, Si. Louie, Mo. HGNS 052255 -151- irraiment ant the coho treatment group It ttrlklng. Organ weight a etprtaatd a* a percentage of brain weight Iron thoec mink that died and from aacrlflced controla were not algnlfleantly different (r > 0.0S). Table 1 PCb Tlaaur kreiduee (In ppm) of Mink that Died While Receiving pici.iry Coho Salmon or Supplrmrntal PCS'e^1) and froo Sacrificed Controla (Mean + S,g.) gaeel (control) MIX coho eatmon Baaal * 30 ppa PCS'# Ho - vink grain 4 < 0.01 ) 11.07 + 0.71 12 11,00 + 1.4) U VlT Kldftry lain* Muael* Heart < 0,01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0,01 < 5.21 + 1.6 1.37 + 0.2) 4.IS * 0.0* 5.15 + 0.22 4.7) + l,S0 2.S4 + 1.21 *.1| + 0.)( 4.47 + 0.42 4.7* + 0.3* 4.71 * 0,)3 4,SB + 0.)4 3.24 + 0.4* (1) 10 ppa each of Aroclor* 1242, 1241, and 111*. Kiptrlm-nt II Thlitp-flwr mink were divided into five group* of ale female* and one mJle per group, Olctary treatment* wara Initiated on Auguat 2) to meaaure grnwlh rale of fount, growing mink and will continue until June 10 when the reproductive phae* la cooplcte. Treatment* eonalated ol'n haaal dirt with ocean flah, baaal plu* S ppm Aroclor 125*, baaal plot 10 ppm Aroclor 121*. bocal plua 10 ppa Aroclor 12)* and 10 ppp 00T, and baaal plua 10 ppm Aroclor 12)* and 0.) ppa dlaldrln. krault* of body weight gelne for the growth pheee from Auguet 2) to Drrrmbrr 22 arc Ihown in Table ), gcault* for the reproduction phate ere tnrtudad in Table 4. MQNS 052256 152 T*bl* 3 Effect of Aroclor 123*. Atom or tn Combination with Feotlclde*. on Mr Height Cain* of Prm*l* Hlnk . Olmry trealirnr No. Mlnb Initial body wt, (fo) {Amt. 23) *ody alht (tin (Vo> Vc.E. from initial wt. "* 1 no. fSot. 24) 2 no. (Oct. 23) 3 oo. (Nov. 23) A no. (Dee, 221 JlaJiAl dit't (MX Ki'tn hih ii; conerol> * 1020 43 17.4 203 + 23.4 1*7 + 44.2 210 33.1 KoMl diet plus 3 ppm rcn< * M0 *2 22.4 133 + 44.2 131 +42.7 121 43.7 Hlldt dint plui 10 ppa ret * *23 *3 20.4 14* + 32.0 132 + 24.3 *2 33.1* aaal dirt |).a 10 ppm ret and 10 ppm DOT * 1052 *3 + 14.3 57 + 1*.**+ 2* + 21.3** 13 + 33.*** Ratal dirt pint 10 ppo PC* and 0.3 ppm dlridnn * 140 10C+23.L 133 + 2*.7 113 + lC.f 37 + 24.*** (1) Arorlor 1234. Sif>ntrtcanrlr dllirrmt (P < 0.05) from control*. "Sir.mllearn ly different (P < 0.01) from control*. Table * Effect of Aroclor 1234, fed Alone or In Combination with Pcatlcldea, .on mortal ley and Reproduction of Hlnh (Auf- 23 to H*y 10) (* female* and 1 oole/group) FojmIii FtfMlCI Kit* bftrn Ml*/female 1 mortality alive wheloed Alive l>e*d AliVf Control 3 ppm PC*'1' 10 ppm PC* 10 ppm PCI* * 10 ppm DDT 10 ppm PC* + 0.5 ppm dl*tdrin 14 2* 71 43 100 3 3 17 8 5 .0 4 0 00 0 1 0 00 0 & 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 (1) Aroclor 1234. I HONS 052253 Data from thla experiment dcmonetreto that 10 ppm Aroelor 123* daprraerd grovLh gain*, ahn fed continuoualy to growing mink, A doee-reaponaa curve for data on 0, i. and 10 ppm Aroelor 1254 at 4 nonthe treatment plaldad a n-greealan equation of 9 207.5 - 107.AX when X * la (*P + 1), thla rcgri-eaion t^uailM glvea a algnlfleant doaa-raaponac (p < 70S), All Kink fed PCI eupplcawnted dicta felled to produce offaprlng. Thoaa brei'dera that died during the goat at Inn period exhibited earloua degreaa of i-mbryo loalelty when the uterua waa opened for examination. Kxperimcnt 111 One hundred twenty-eight oink were divided Into eight greupa of twelve (ruin and four malee por group to evoluota tho effect of Aroelor 1254 on reproduction. The dlotary traatmeata were Initiated on January l and will continue until June 50. Included In tho treatment# (Table 3) waa a group given 5 ppm Aroelor 1254 plua 4 ppm DOT and 0.2 ppm dlaldrln. Thoaa levela approximate the roaidue valuaa found la dicta whore 50 percent raw Lake Michigan coho aalmoo conetltuted tho flah portion of the diet. Cooked coho aalimiK (120* C et 1.03 kg/ag cm for 50 min) wao included to trat for tlie heat at ability of the factor(a) eaualng the reproductive problem. Table 5 effort of Arm. 1nr 1254 Fed Singly and In Combination with Hydrocarbon on Reproductive Farcmotrra (Jon. 1 to Hay 10) (12 leaflet and 4 male*/group) Foma Ire FfNln Kit* horn Ki U/fi'fulv 1 mortal Itv alive whti4 Al |vv Ur .id tllw Com rot (oic.m flth) Kow rolio Cookt-d rflhf 1 ppm I'CglO 1 ppm PCg i) pp* res 5 ppm peg + 4 ppm 00T J ppm |*C| * 6 |fpw UOT 4 0.2 Pim diifldrln * 1* 4 4* 0 51 0 1* 11 a 11 0 12 0 10 1 12 5 1, 12 0 4 10 3 5b 10 00 00 55 1 5b 00 3b 13 J 6.0 0 0 4.) 0.1 0 0. 2.2 (1) Aroelor 1254. * One female racaped, Oata in Tahle 5 Indicate that 3 ppm Aroelor 1234 markrdty reduced reproduction when fed only 4 montha, 1 ppm Aroelor 1254 canard only alight reduction and 13 ppm pen totally Inhlhlred reproduction. The Nrti.r(i) prearm in hake Michigan coho calnon waa hent etablr and duplication. In MONS 052258 -15k part, of itvnd (actor* known to b* preeent In the aalnon did net totally reproduce the coho iiIdm effect. Hit rtiulll of three eiperlnonte clearly point out the aenaltlvlty of oink to polychlorinated biphenyl* and eeet eueplctoa on PCt'i a* a poaelbl* fartor involved In the poor reproduction following Lake Michigan coho aatoon feeding. LITERATURE CITED Aulrrlth, g. J. end R, K. linger, 1*70. loot effect* of chlorinated hydro carbon pvailcldc* on nlnk. Anor. Pur breeder AJi 10. Aulerlch, l. J., *. K. Ringer, H. L- teegran and U. 0. Youatt, 1*71. Effect of feeding coho eelnon end other Greet Lakaa ftah on nlnk reproduc tion. Can. J. tool. ky. gll-blb. Hertaough. C. 1**5. Great Lakea fleh now auapect at oink food. Aner. Fur breeder 3bi 15, MOWS 052259