Document gapdZk579NG1nbxpkQ3gk7Vy3

So m km Ifmde-Ssle r General .n de 10*53 f lM'*Uihmtorj Sir* S ir i*fcsgss .' ?fe**C #ES alferlslf>Iii3-0rafer$s- 0r Rol>imm ki^komtorj 3r* P* B* BTMs.laboi?at02?|* Dr* 8 *,GV Homing-dLiaboratory , $r 14* P-, -Morse -laboratory ; Sfev 8v Graves ., rBaborabery Up* WF*S:isgl@tonTMl*aboratry Mr* d*. Bv'Oyler -laboratory " " TO MARSHALL Philadelphia Laboratory 'August 30, 195C " ' ESr'SSICI COP? mmmm r b p o e i* k o ,, m-319 # G!mm BXSGUSSIOI OF VEST mmm EMPLOYED Oil HOUSE PAXIfS BI THE SHERm^UXqjilMS CQMPlIl, gHIGAGO. ILLlfiOXS Oa August 15, 1950 Bp* S* 0* Horning and the writer visited the -' Paint. Boi-ssarcfc Laboratory of fete Sii@ia*MlliapB Company in-'Chicago, Illinois* The primary purpose' of fete trip me ,t' discuss- tasting method of'outside hmm paints triili, Dr* M%fm loo, Director., f Faint -Research for tm Shegwlii** William. Co*, .and his associate in the Bouse Paisfe.field'* Dr* .K*.'Aeb'eck, R*.B* Brubai -T* Chapin,.-and 0.*,.Jagd. '"Rj v M* fan hm also .voltmbeered 3hforabiom wfcieh is not directly ccwcerned with testing |>rob$dure, but' which may' be useful -to* general Ho es Paint research* , ' The following. di.ecusioa includes the SherwiiirliiHr; iass 'exposure' system, bouse test'system, method of testing for viscosity, brushing, color, drying fineness, moisture failure, opacity, gloss, fishing., -mildew, dirt collection, plus a ref*?: erence to' their' eorxeoph of fete critical pigment. volume .content of paints* /' f* :SmmmtMsMm 1* Sherwim Williams issues a hotter of Instruction" .for each exposure series* this:is comparable to 'our ^Exposure Memo" and includes* ' -.a* Purpose v- . ,b1 -ffetbed of Preparation of Panels: . Lei Composition Bata. : id) Where Exposed--. to) Eestsrlcs 'on Propertie s ?, Motlicd of Preparing -md; Basing Panels *>- ,S*~W*Cc* tal -Paift. pancC #v.*?*>" Yhi ^herjavar possible*' N35418  4hi If panels must be painted in laboratory for any reason, expose to -vlbra-viclet light (mThm^T^) fr 2 hours-, between' gsucebsslve topcoats (IMs presubiy esmes el&^ar to. actual outside paiixting conditions than the indoor .painting method sow- used by ur laboratory*) ; le| Allow 2 day for drying before recoating* >' (d; S .lays -clapboards flat on bexioti for paint*' ' lag to .get a urifowa film thickness*. .At their-bast farm* ' panels are painted in a steel which in open to the weather a three sides (protected by cloth screening)* (el 33onfb paint all panels in good, weather, bub .minimise painting of panels M winter* This time is reserved for analysis of results and rephrt writing* 3* Selection of Panels and Painting System (a}' S**-apparently uses extreme- care in sleeting panels for. uniformity* .Sod cedar panels ere now used almost exclusively as 'ehoi.ee panels and Bouglas.a Fir as second choice* In many eases, the grains at the cut'edge of the wood are a- /tually counted to insure uniformity* (bl Panels are painted bn the back except for Miami exposure^* (o! All .panels cabala & guid strip (control.) consisting-of'1/3 of the length of y clapboard' (A) In order to observe' early indication of corrosion,' white house paint .are painted over, a gray primer and colored tints are painted over`a white primer* (el' On the basis of a recommendation fro the' . II* J, Zinc Company, Sherwin^AXlieais doe not expose house paints on the 43 racks* 13ies racks are used exclusively for .exposing mid storing panels for future repaint jobs 4* Mountiiig Panels at feet Fences - S*4?* O*- ia) 3 .foot clapboards should not be mounted ex actly vertical on the ra'cks since this does not simulate ac tual conditions on a house* (b) s**W drills a sail hole on each end of the panel* She panels are. then hung on small brads tacked to the studs on the' fences* this .method permits easy mounting and removal, and eliminates the danger of panels falling to -the ground every time the outer cleats are removed from a section of the fence* | A blueprint of the construction-of the S~W test fence and a sample of their -exposure .rating cards is available from the writer for inspection*! (cl S-4f has exposure test fence .at Chicago, .Miami, Khnsas, and Coffeyville, Indiana* DUP030003214 * *3 Id) rareXy returns panels lo Ik laboratory for inspection. Photographs are used Xu conferences in placeof panels ia mmt instances* Dr* Van ho e&ph&sised that 0ig~ nificaat difference may he lost if panel.are periodically removed from -the fence for even a few days elapsed time* (e) Accelerated, mildew conditions are obtained on hone paints in lew Orleans and Culm* () .Panels are mounted on the fences in such a manner that the M and S? panels are mirror images Cdirectly opposite each other) this permits a -jfaiok analysis of the situatioaHbr inspection ratings (if) Exposure panels from series to series are numbered consecutively regardless of the type of paint being exposed* (h) Panels are never reverse&*3apped m the fences, since this does not conform to true clapboard house construct*- lou *- ism.i^U2gfe^ If a paint looks good m the test fence* g* tests it on houses They furnish only the house paint free. ** no trim paint or screen enamel* A man is assigned in each Xo cality to check daily on the job as the painter is applying the paint . . S4'J handles a maximum of 50 houses per year spread throughout the 0S. and Canada. Metropolitan areas ar avoided$ tests are confined to suburban areas The Company subscribes to the Weather Service for daily reports* .These reports are filed for future reference since they often help to settle house paint complaints As mentioned previously, .34? employ an expert phetographer and depend on photographs a goed deal in their heues paint work both for teat fence and field work* SW has abandoned the practice of having salesmen check their' house tests at random since. signified points are missed unless the house test is followed daily while the . paint is feeing applied*- * lo Fineness Outside house paints .are. ground al* most excXusivaiy on a 3 roll mill. Fineness ..is checked, both in .the laboratory -and plant, with a Bagman Grind 0auge*ID Sherwia41illiam3f Test' .I-btbcd #441 on the use of this gauge is available from the writer* SW has not used the "spatula*5 method for tseting fineness for over fifteen years Briefly* the Kegami method consist of comparing the pattern of a djiw?v with viffial standards which are supplied with the gang* DUP030003215 ! `to 4 to 2c Tiscosity All house paint consistency measuremeats are made rit&aa efflux type viscosimeter-* 8 believes this avoids unnecessary shaking and handling. Viscosity read- lugs are recorded as, for examplei 42 sec*, 4- 1/4 cup, l/$ cup, etc 3* Brushing Three master painters evaluate all of Shean^in-Willia,^ house paints*- This .valuation is based on actual brushing tests* However, Dr* Tan loo claims that these painters can us the viscosity data supplied by the laboratory as an indication of ease of brushing* mis is similar to our laboratory procedure of using stormer viscosity limits to keep in the good bruuhing range* > With the particular efflux viscosimeter now being used by S-W, they have set 30 sec* to 3$ sec*, as covering the good brushing.range* A paint is' allowed to age at least 24 hour before brushing tests sire made* A note of interest on brushing is that each of S4f?s three-master painters differ on his opinion of what factors constitute a good brushing house paint* Each. painter used his own terms in rating teushouts which must then be interpreted by the chemist* 4 Prying - S has adopted a modified BCI drying recorder {2} for measuring the ttsettotouchtt time* Dust-free and tack-free time are not measured* .Hard or firm-dry time is rated by the thumb test*. The following conditions are set for drying testst Ia) Use plate glass plates for drawdowns* ,b) Bun only in an air-conditioned room* (c) Use a Decostensa blade'for uniform drawdowns*. This instrument contains a blade which can be adjusted to give' different, film thicknesses* It is constructed in the shape of a horseshoe and has the added advantage of not requiring a suc tion plate for drawdowns due to the weight of the curved por tion of the horseshoe which pushes ahead of the blade* It is supplied by a private manufacturer in Chicago 5* Gloss S-W uses visual methods for rating gloss on house paints* On enamels an 05 search unit is used for flats and a 60 unit for semi-gloss0 6* Omcitv - Tisual inspection is made on drawdowns made on glass plates* S does not make a general practice of running contrast ratios* However, they use the standard practice of plotting contrast ratio against spreading rat*' They follow the procedure of stamping out a unit area after the drawdown has been made, whereas our Laboratory measures the area on each drawdown card individually* DUP030003216 5 7* goto Visual Inspection is used .to all shading operations* TSe Hunter Multipurpose Eeflectometes*, Wish gives a directional plot, is used for measuring color differences on dry films* S-f also recommends the Pittsburgh Color Bye bub' claims it is not too sensitive in the light color range* C* Plashing - S4J has lots of trouble with flashing on their outsidiwute house paint* but so far hairs not been able to connect this phenomenon with any particular property of a house paint* 9 Blistering S 'apparently does very little ex posure work on panels for blistering evaluation* At the test fence* a small section of the fence has recently been set aside for preliminary work on blistering* This consists merely of a double walled fence filled with sawdush which is kept sat urated with water* 10* Dirt Collection & Mildew Both are rated visually although S-W recognwistfemiixOTan instrumental method 11. Chalk Riumiaa - S has recently recognised the desirability oFpoFoviaingineaiis to detecting chalk running on the test fences As a result* they are new -experimenting with placing a row of red house bricks under a fairly large area of painted clapboards* They have not used black painted panels for this purpose in the past* They are also experiment ing on one section of the fence with 10w eaves to check the effects on dirt collection and chalk running* 12* Flow * Blowouts are made on a 6n x 22n Anderson Pritchard flow plate vdiich is merely a steel panel provided with three concave .dimples over which' the paint is flowed* Dr* W E Asbeck discussed this subject with us la detail The information has been published and can be found in the references listed at the end of this report In briefs Asbeck and Van Loo claim that the critical pigment volume concentration (OPTO) (3) is a fundamental phys ical transition point in a pigment-binder system at which the appearance and behavior of paint film changes considerably* GFVC is influenced by such factors as fundamentai, packing eharacteristics of the pigments, type of binder employed, types and amounts of special agents present, and fineness of grind of the'system . A new cell was described in which the OFVC of a paint can bb determined- on a single sample in tbs wet state Sloes, rusting, and blistering were some of the prop erties of a paint which are changed by staying either below or -aboTO the Cm DUP030003217 6 Shewla^WilXiams is hoping that other paint labora tories will investigate this concept of CFVC and' offer either criticism or support to the theory* / Dre fan Loo and R* R* Bruhn concluded the visit by conducting m on a tour of the laboratory and the test fences.. Both the laboratory and the test fences are relatively small in sis compared to our laboratory and test far in Philadelphia and Wilmington* respectively* Conclusions: In' general* the Sherwin-Williams Company is not any further advanced on instrumental testing methods than we are, The min points which were volunteered by S-W and which will be Investigated under present objectives of Project P-X1Q1 are as follows? la The use of the Hegraam Grind Gauge for Fineness, 20 The use of the RGI Prying Recorder for measuring "set~totouchw time* 3a The investigation of the CPfC of paints* References: {1} Do Doubleday* and A* Barkman. Official Digest 307 59$ - August (1950)* (2) Laidermanj D*D* and Bruhn, R*R*, Paint* Oil & Chen* Rev* June 12* 1950 (3) Asfeeck. KW* &i fan Loo M*. Xae Eng, Ohem* 7, 1474 (1949) - PHILADELPHIA LABCEATORT ; RMKtmjb Ro M* KIRKPATRICK DUP030003218