Document gaNOoRnV8z0vjgz25KJjJB9XN

ROUTING AND TRANSMITTAL SU P Date / . 0/&/8V TO; (Name, office symbol; room number, ou/Jding, Agency/Post) an i. ' S^S_2> Initial* Date Action . Approval As Requested Circulate Comment Coordination REMARKS File For Clearance For Correction wFor Your Information Investigate Justify Note and Return Per Conversation Prepare Reply See Me Signature DO NOT u u this form es a RECORD of approvals, concurrences, disposals, clearances, and similar actions __ FR O M ^pfeme, org. symbol, Agency/Post) V,? Room No.-- Bldg. B04U102 * GPO: 1983 0 - 381-52^[232) PTIONAt FORM 41 (Rev. 7 -7 6 ) PnscillMd by OSA FPMR (41 CfR) 101-11.206 * United States Office of Air Quality Environmental Protection Planning and Standards Agency Research Triangle Park NC 27711 National Dioxin Study Tier 4 -- Combustion Sources Draft Literature Review And Testing Options 00 NOT &0TE Oil CITE DRAFT National Dioxin StudvTier 4 -- Combustion Smjres Literature Rev heLTsting Options \ jjr Radian Corporation \ RReesseearch Triangle, NC 27709 Af 2 L;rU tIC^ i iir Contract No. 68-02-3513 EPA Project Officer: William H. Lamason U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Office Of Air And Radiation Office Of Air Quality Planning And Standards Research Triangle Park, NC 2771.1 This document is a preliminary draft. It has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review and therefore does not reflect the views of the Agency, and official endorsement should not be inferred. k t ^ * ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No LIST OFT A B L E S .................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURES........ , ...................................... v EXECUTIVESUMMARY................................................ 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................... 3 1.1 BACKGROUND........................................... 3 1.2 APPROACH AND LIMITATIONS TO THIS S T U D Y .............. 5 1.3 CONTENTS OF THIS REPORT............................... 8 2.0 SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE D A T A ................................. 10 2.1 COMBUSTION SOURCES TESTED............................. 2.1.1 Municipal Waste Incineration .............. 2.1.2 Hazardous Waste Incineration .............. 2.1.2.1 Land BasedIncinerators ................ 2.1.2.2 Incinerator Ships ....................... 2.1.2.3 Boilers CofiringWastes ................ 2.1.2.4 Lime/Cement KilnsCofiring Wastes . . . 2.1.3 Sewage Sludge Incineration ................ 2.1.4 Coal B o i l e r s ............................... 2.1.5 Activated Carbon Regeneration.............. 2.1.6 Wire Reclamation........................... 2.1.7 PCB Transformer Fires....................... 2.1.8 Residential Wood Combustion................ 2.1.9 Mobile S o u r c e s ............................. 2.1.10 Experimental Studies ....................... 10 11 14 15 15 15 16 16 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 2.2 POSSIBLE, PLANNED, OR ONGOING W O R K .................. 19 2.3 SUMMARY AND PURPOSE OF LITERATURE REVIEW ............ 21 3.0 FACTORS AFFECTING DIOXIN EMISSIONS....................... 22 3.1 PCDD IN F E E D ......................................... 23 3.2 PRECURSORS IN F E E D ................................... 24 3.3 CHLORINE IN F E E D ..................................... 27 3.4 COMBUSIION CONDITIONS................................. `T n m u s t i o n Temperature ..................... 3.4.2 Residence T i m e ............................. 3.4.3 Oxygen Availability......................... 3.4.4 Feed Processing............................. 3.4.5 Supplemental Fuel........................... 4.0 DEVELOPMENT OF THE RANKED SOURCE L I S T ..................... 4.1 DEVELOPMENT OF PRELIMINARY SOURCE LIST .............. 4.2 DEVELOPMENT OF RANKING CRITERIA AND THE RANKED SOURCE L I S T ................................. 5.0 SAMPLING PLAN DEVELOPMENT................................. 5.1 SELECTION OF NUMBER AND TYPE OF SAMPLES TO BE COLLECTED........................................... 5.1.1 Stack Testing............................... 5.1.2 Ash Screening............................... 5.2 NUMBER OF SOURCES TO BE TESTED IN A PARTICULAR C A T E G O R Y ........................................... 5.3 SELECTION OF THE SOURCE TEST PLAN..................... 5.4 SELECTION OF TYPES OF SAMPLES AND A N A L Y S I S ........... 5.5 TIER 4 FINAL REPORT................................... 6.0 MODELING PCDD EMISSIONS FROM COMBUSTIONSOURCES ........... 6.1 DISPERSION MODELING OF GENERIC SOURCEGROUPS ......... 6.2 EMPIRICAL OR MECHANISTIC MODELING OF PCDD EMISSIONS. . APPENDIX A -DIOXIN DATA BASE.................................... APPENDIX B -DETERMINATION OF SAMPLE SIZE....................... APPENDIX C -CURRENT REFERENCE LIST.............................. 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 34 39 51 53 53 58 59 62 65 67 69 69 70 A-l 6-1 C_1 Number 1 1-1 1- 2 2- 1 2-2 2- 3 3- 1 3- 2 4- 1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-6 4-7 4- 8 5- 1 5-2 5-3 5-4 5-5 5-6 5-7 5-8 TABLES Page Ranked Source Category List ................................ 2 Schedule of Theoretical Chlorinated Dioxin Isomers......... 6 Schedule of Theoretical Chlorinated Furan Isomers ......... 7 Combustion Sources Tested for TCDD............................ 12 Characteristics of Sources Tested for Dioxins ............. 13 Possible, Planned, or Ongoing Work............................ 20 PCDD Precursors.............................................. 25 Fuel Chlorine C o n t e n t ........................................ 29 Combustion Sources............................................ 35 Combustion Source Categories Excluded from Preliminary Source L i s t ................................................37 Preliminary Source List of Combustion Source Categories Believed to Have theGreatest Potential to Emit Dioxins . 38 Ranked Priority List of Combustion Systems for Source T e s t i n g ....................................................40 Ranking Categories............................................ 42 Criteria for Ranking Combustion Source Categories ......... 43 Source Characteristics........................................ 44 Ranked Source Category List ............................... 50 Summary of Draft EPA/ASME Protocol and Cost Estimates for Sample Collection ................................... 54 Complex/Simple Site Comparison................................ 55 Cost Scenarios.................................................57 Comparisons of Flue Gas and ESP Ash Dioxin Contents . . . . 60 Source Test Plan Options for Stack Emissions................. 63 Phased Source Test Plan for Stack Emissions Including Ash Screening.............................................. 64 Recommended Sampling and Analyses ......................... 66 Tier 4 Final Report O u t l i n e .................................. 68 1v Number 1-1 3-1 3-2 3- 3 4- 1 6-1 6-2 FIGURES Page Dioxin and furan configurations showing the dioxin and furan nuclei and conventional substituent numbering system ....................................... 4 PCDD formation from chlorophenols.......................... 26 PCDD and PCDF formation from chlorobenzenes............... 28 PCDF formation from PCB's.................................. 28 Ranking flow c h a r t ........................................ 41 Effects of stack height on plume dispersion............... 71 Effects of source size on plume dispersion............... 72 v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study is to assess combustion source emissions of primarily 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) and, secondarily, other chlorinated dioxin and furan homologs. Radian Corporation has been contracted by EPA to review and evaluate dioxin emissions data from the literature and propose a test plan for the Tier 4 program. This report summarizes the results of the review and evaluation and presents a proposed test plan. Radian conducted a literature review on dioxin emissions from combustion processed early in 1984. In addition, contacts were made with key individuals to identify recently performed or ongoing studies that could be used to supplement the data base. Based on the available information, a preliminary list of source categories with the potential to emit dioxins was developed. The preliminary list was then ranked based on potential to emit dioxins, number of previous dioxin tests in a source category, and potential human exposure. Highly ranked source categories will be stack tested early in the Tier 4 program. The Tier 4 budget will allow for 10 source stack tests. A relatively inexpensive ash screening procedure will be used to supplement the stack testing program. The lower ranked source categories will be screened first using a polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) scan on ash samples. The screening will help in determining which of the lower ranked categories warrant stack tests and will help classify categories that will not be stack tested. Table 1 presents the ranked list. Rank A sources will be tested initially. Ash screening will be conducted on Rank B and C sources, along with sources requested by State and regional offices. Results of the ash screening will be used to select other sources for stack testing. 1 TABLE 1. RANKED SOURCE CATEGORY LIST Rank A Source Categories Sewage Sludge Incinerators Black Liquor Boilers Commercial Boilers Rank B Source Categories PCP Sludge Incinerators Carbon Regeneration (Industrial) Charcoal Manufacturing Wire Reclamation Rank C Source Categories Wood Stoves Wood Boilers (PCP Treated) Mobile Sources Small Spreader Stoker Coal Boiler Hazardous Waste Incinerators Lime/Cement Kilns Cofired with Hazardous Wastes Rank D Source Categories MSW Incineration Industrial Boilers Cofiring Wastes Rank A - Large source categories (greater than 1 million tons of fuel and/or waste burned annually) with elevated dioxin precursor contamination of feed/fuel. These categories have the potential to emit TCDD and require further testing. Rank B - Small source categories (less than 1 million tons of fuel and/or waste burned annually) or source categories with limited dioxin precursor contamination of feed/fuel. These categories have the potential to emit TCDD and require further testing. Rank C - Source categories less likely to emit TCDD. Rank D - Source categories that have already been tested three or more times. 2 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND The Air Management Technology Branch within the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) is responsible for the development and implementation of a source testing program for Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study. The purpose of Tier 4 is to assess combustion source emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), with a focus on the most toxic isomer 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). Combustion source emissions of polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) will also be addressed in this study. Radian Corporation, under task order contract, is providing support to the Air Management Technology Branch by collecting and reviewing available literature data on combustion related emissions sources of PCDD1s and PCDF's. Based on information available in the literature and the Tier 4 budget, Radian has also developed a source test plan that will address the following questions: 1. Which combustion source categories emit PCDD's (and PCDF's) to the atmosphere? 2. What range of concentrations of PCDD's (and PCDF's) are emitted from these source categories? Dioxins are members of a family of organic compounds known chemically as dibenzo-p-dioxins. The common aspect of all dioxin compounds is that they have a three ring nucleus containing two benzene rings interconnected through a pair of oxygen atoms. The structural formula of the dioxin nucleus and the convention used in numbering its substituent positions are shown in Figure 1-la. Theoretically, one to eight chlorine atoms can occur at dioxin substituent positions such that 75 different chlorinated dioxin isomers are possible. Each isomer has its own physical and chemical properties and differs from others in the number and relative position of its chlorine atoms. The schedule of potential chlorinated dioxin isomers 3 91 a. Dioxin configuration. b. Furan configuration. Figure 1-1. Dioxin and furan configurations showing Hie dioxin and furan nuclei and conventional substituent numbering system. is given in Table 1-1. The abbreviations given in this table for chlorinated dioxin homologs are used throughout this report. Furans are a group of organic compounds chemically known as dibenzofurans. They have a similar structure to the dibenzo-p-dioxins except that the two benzene rings in the nucleus are interconnected with a five member ring containing only one oxygen atom. The structural formula of the furan nucleus and the convention used in numbering its substituent positions are shown in Figure 1-lb. Theoretically, the chlorinated furan group can contain up to 135 different structural isomers, each with varying physical and chemical properties. The schedule of potential chlorinated furan isomers is given in Table 1-2. The abbreviations given in this table for chlorinated furan homologs are used throughout this report. 1.2 APPROACH AND LIMITATIONS TO THIS STUDY This study was accomplished in three general tasks. The first task was to obtain and review the available literature on PCDD emissions from combustion sources. Approximately 119 published and unpublished reports were obtained. In addition, contacts were made with key individuals to identify recently performed or ongoing studies that could be used to supplement the data base. The second task was to develop a ranked list of source categories with potential to emit PCDD's. The criteria used to develop the ranked list was based on information obtained from the literature review. The final task was to develop a testing program to assess PCDD (and PCDF) emissions from combustion sources. Again, the results of this task were largely based on the outputs of the first two tasks. During the development of the source test plan, it became apparent that the Tier 4 budget would allow for only 10 stack tests. Obviously, this number of tests will be inadequate to characterize all the source categories being considered. The source ranking procedure is an attempt to predict which categories are most likely to emit PCDD's and, therefore, should be stack tested. However, the ranking procedure is largely subjective, since no realistic assignment of weighing factors could be made for each of the 5 TABLE 1-1. SCHEDULE OF THEORETICAL CHLORINATED DIOXIN ISOMERS Chlorinated Dioxin Compound Monochlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (MCDD) Dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (DCDD) Tri chi orodibenzo-p-dioxin (T^CDD) Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) Pentadi 1orodibenzo-p-dioxin (P^CDD) Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HgCDD) Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxi n (H^CDD) Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) TOTAL Number of Isomers 2 10 14 22 14 10 2 1 75 6 TABLE 1-2. SCHEDULE OF THEORETICAL CHLORINATED FURAN ISOMERS Chlorinated Furan Compound Monochlorodibenzofuran (MCDF) Dichlorodibenzofuran (DCDF) Trichlorodibenzofuran (T^CDF Tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) Pentachlorodibenzofuran (P^CDF) Hexachlorodibenzofuran (HgCDF) Heptachlorodibenzofuran (H^CDF) Octachlorodibenzofuran (OCDF) TOTAL Number of Isomers 4 16 28 38 28 16 4 1 135 7 ranking criteria. The development of a ranked list would change depending on the relative importance given to the ranking criteria. A screening tool would be beneficial to prevent wasting of limited resources. Because of the tight schedule, limited budget, and large number of source categories, a PCDD scan of ash samples was selected as a quick and inexpensive screening tool. Although the ash screening cannot be used as an absolute ranking tool, this method can provide a relative indication of which source categories warrant further study. Source categories identified by OAQPS along with sources suggested by State and regional offices will be screened. The results of the screening procedure will help verify the ranked list developed in this text and will help characterize source categories that will not be stack tested. 1.3 CONTENTS OF THIS REPORT Section 2.0 presents a summary of the literature review. Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) emissions data are presented along with qualitative information on source characteristics. A complete listing of the emissions information along with sampling and analytical methodology used to obtain the data is presented in Appendix A. Ongoing research is also identified in Section 2.0 The source category characteristics and emission rates summarized in Section 2.0 are used in Section 3.0 to identify factors that affect TCDD emissions. These factors include both fuel and combustion characteristics. The factors identified are based on experimental studies, source tests, and theoretical chemistry. No attempt was made to assign a relative importance to these factors. In Section 4.0, a ranked list of source categories is developed. The ranking procedure is largely based on the factors affecting TCDD emissions identified in Section 3.0. In addition, the size of the source category, the number of previous PCDD studies, and the potential for human exposure are considered during the ranking. As discussed earlier, the ranking procedure is largely subjective, and the final ranked list may be modified following the ash screening program. 8 Section 5.0 presents a testing program based on the ranked list of source categories. The testing program will include initial screening of all sources identified, followed by stack testing of the top ranked sources. Section 5.0 also discusses the costs of stack testing, the number of sources that should be tested in each source category, and the types of samples that should be analyzed at each source. Section 6.0 presents a short discussion on two proposed modeling tasks. The advantages and disadvantages of dispersion modeling 2,3,7,8-TCDD emissions from combustion sources for the purposes of assessing exposure, and development of an empirical or a mechanistic model describing 2,3,7,8-TCDD emissions from specific source categories are discussed. 9 2.0 SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE DATA A literature review for sources of PCDD and PCDF air emissions was made in 1983 by the Pollutant Assessment Branch (OAQPS/PAB).^ This review was used as a starting point for a more specific literature search concerning PCDD emissions from combustion sources in early 1984. In addition, contacts were made with key individuals to identify recently performed, ongoing, or planned studies that could be used to supplement the data base. Contacts included personnel from the Canadian Government, EPA personnel, and researchers from industry and universities. Primarily, members of the EPA's Chlorinated Dioxin Working Group and authors of key references were contacted. This chapter summarizes the updated literature review and provides the data base upon which the Tier 4 testing program was developed. Confirmed and potential sources of PCDD and PCDF air emissions are identified. Industrial, commercial, and residential combustion sources are identified by testing. Experimental studies suggest additional potential sources of emissions. Quantitative data are presented on TCDD emission rates, along with qualitative information on the source characteristics and feed composition. Theories are also presented on dioxin formation mechanisms and conditions that promote formation. 2.1 COMBUSTION SOURCES TESTED A review of the literature has produced a list of 12 broadly defined source categories that have been tested for dioxin emissions: Municipal Waste Combustors, Hazardous Waste Incinerators, Sewage Sludge Incinerators, Coal Fired Utility Boiler, Commercial Boilers Firing Waste Oil, Industrial Boilers Cofiring Wastes, Carbon Regeneration, Residential Wood Combustion, 10 Mobile Sources, Wire Reclamation, Lime/Cement Kilns Cofiring Hazardous Wastes, Accidental PCB Fires. Table 2-1 lists tested sources and the TCDD concentrations detected. Although the National Dioxin Study is focusing on 2,3,7,8-TCDD, most of the data found in the literature addressed TCDD and PCDD. TCDD has been used during the evaluation of the data base as the best representative of 2,3,7,8-TCDD emissions. Whenever possible, stack test results were recorded. Much of the literature is focused on analysis of ash samples due to the ease of collection. However, these samples may not always be representative of stack emissions. The possibilities of PCDD partitioning in the ash and PCDD enrichment on the fine particulate are discussed in greater detail on Section 5.0. General source characteristics are summarized in Table 2-2. Source characteristics are used to identify factors that affect PCDD emissions. Based on these factors, other potential sources of PCDD emissions are identified for the testing program. In several cases, PCDD studies have not been cleared for public use. For these studies, the sources are described, but no emissions data are provided. Appendix A provides a complete listing of the dioxin data bases. The data base lists levels of PCDD detected, source characteristics, precursors, and sampling/analytical methodology. Based on the information provided, the data are rated as good (G), poor (P), or incomplete (I). The rating is a function of sampling/analytical procedures, detection limits, and completeness. The following discussion summarizes the data available on source categories identified in the literature review. 2.1.1 Municipal Waste Incineration In 1978, TCDD's were detected in the emissions of the Hempstead municipal waste combustor (MWC) on Long Island. Since that date, this source category has received considerable attention .in the United States. The Canadian Government has identified MWC's as one of the major combustion 11 TABLE 2-1. COMBUSTION SOURCES TESTED FOR TCDD Source Category Number of Facilities Tested Sample Mean Range References Municipal Waste Combustors USA European Hazardous Waste Incinerators Incinerator Ship Land Based Incinerators Sewage Sludge Incinerators Utility Coal Boilers Commercial Boilers (Waste Fired) Industrial Boilers (Waste Fired) Activated Carbon Regeneration Residential Wood Combustion Mobile Sources Wire Reclamation Incinerators l ime/Cemenl Kilns (Waste Fired) Accidental PCD Fires 7 13 2 10(7)b 1 7 6<6)b 6(l)b 1 4 9(4)b 1 l 2 Stack Stack Stack Stack Stack Stack Stack Stack Stack Scraping Exhaust Scraping Stack Scraping 45.4 ng/m? 25.6 ng/nr NDa 3 0.56 ng/in C ND D 10.13 ng/m3 I.25xl0'5 ppb 0.3?9 ppb 4xlO"3 ppb .?34 ppb ND 44,000 ppb ND-240 ng/m3 ND-128 ng/nr ND 3 ND-2.5 ng/mJ C ND D ND-40.5 ng/m3 ND-5xlO-5 ppb ND-.777 ppb ND-ZxlO-2 ppb .058-.410 ppb ND ND-195,000 ppb 43, 44, 49, 114 23, 24, 41, 53, 86 2, 3 116, 98, 99, 81 117 44 39 22, 28, 31, 45 50 31, 83 31, 105 51 90 48, 79 ^NO = None di:lot:Led. Number of tests that have been performed, but the results have not been officially reported. ,, C - PCOl) scan only. PCDD concentrations ranged from 463 ng/nr to 1,140 riy/in with a mean of 739 ng/nr. 0 - Results have not yeL been officially reported. TABLE 2-2. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOURCES TESTED FOR DIOXINS Source Precursors Furnace Type Temperature Available3 Air Municipal Waste Combustors Conventional Refuse Derived Fuel boilers Cl-aromatics Cl-aromatics Hazardous Waste Incinerators Land Based PCBs, PCPs Incinerator Ships PCBs, PCPs Sewage Sludge Incinerators PCBs, Cl-aromatics Utility Coal Boilers Coal, low chiorine Correnercial Boilers (Waste Fired) TCP Industrial Boilers (Waste Fired) PCP, Cl-aromatics Activated Carbon Regen eration PCBs Residential Wood Combustion Low chlorine Mobile Sources Low chlorine Wire Reclamation Incin erators PCBs, PVCs Lime/Cement Kilns (Waste Fired) Cl-organics Accidental Transformer Fire PCBs Waterwal1 Spreader stoker 500-1000C 1000C Rotary kiln Dual chamber Multiple hearth Pulverized coal Small fire tube 1200C 1600C 450-950C X200C 1000C Liquid injection/stoker 1300C Fluidized bed 750-1000C Woodstove/fi replace Internal combustion engine Batch/conveyor <500C 500C Rotary kiln 1400C Uncontrolled PCB Oil Fire NAb Low Excess Excess Excess Excess Excess Excess Excess Limi ted Low Excess Limi ted Excess NA aExcess: High air/fuel ratio with efficient mixing. Low : Hiqh air/fuel ratio with inefficient mixina. sources of PCDD's in the Canadian environment. 202 Numerous tests have also .been cond,uct.ed. i.n rEurope and, J,apan. 23, 24, 41, 53, 86 MWC's can be classified as either large mass burn units, refuse derived fuel (RDF) units, or small modular units. Large mass burn units comprise the largest portion of this source category. These units are characterized by low combustion temperatures (500-1000C) and poor air/fuel mixing. Of the seven MWC's tested in the United States, three are large mass burn units, three units are RDF fired, and one unit is modular. The TCDD emission rates measured at these sources ranged from none detected (ND) to 240 ng/m3 (Table 1-1). The only study with no PCDD's detected was a spreader stoker boiler that cofired RDF with coal. 44 The furnace temperature was 1200C. Two other facilities with low levels of TCDD's detected are another incinerator boiler (3.15 ng/m3) and a small modular unit (1.2 ng/m3 )4^ Both facilities were equipped with secondary chambers for combustion of offgases. The remaining units, both mass burn units and RDF units, emitted higher levels of TCDD's (6.3-240 ng/m3 ) ^ ' ^3 These sources were characterized by no supplemental fuel, no secondary combustion chambers, and, in some cases, poor air/fuel mixing. One unit added a chlorinated biocide to the RDF.114 Many of these units are equipped with electrostatic precipitators or' cyclones to remove the large particulate from stack emissions. However, Karasek et ^1_ has shown that in some cases PCDD's enrich on the smaller particulate. 57 A large portion of these may not be removed by the above control devices. 2.1.2 Hazardous Waste Incineration The incineration of hazardous wastes can be divided into four categories: (1) Land Based Incinerators, (2) Incineration Ships, (3) Boilers Cofiring Hazardous Wastes, (4) Lime/Cement Kilns Cofiring Hazardous Wastes. 14 In each case, the feed material may contain elevated levels of chlorinated aromatics or PCDD's. Based on fuel composition, the potential for PCDD emissions is high. Fuel characteristics are discussed further in Section 3.0. In spite of the fuel composition, well controlled source design allows for high efficiency destruction of these wastes. 2.1.2.1 Land Based Incinerators. Four studies have been conducted in " llfi qq QQ 81 the U. S. with data from ten land based incinerators. * * ' In tests on two rotary kilns incinerating polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB's), *3 llfi TCDD emissions were low (ND-2.48 ng/m ). These incinerators were equipped with afterburners (1200C). In both bases, the addition of supplemental fuel resulted in no PCDD's detected. Tests on a controlled air incinerator firing polychlorinated phenol treated wood also showed no PCDD's detected. This incinerator was also equipped with an afterburner (1370C) and used supplemental fuel. 2.1.2.2 Incinerator Ships. Two studies were conducted with M/T Vulcanus incinerator ship. ' The first study was conducted during the incineration of Herbicide Orange. TCDD levels in the feed ranged from ND-2.4 ug/g. No PCDD's were detected in the stack emissions. The second study was conducted during a PCB burn. PCDD's were not found in the feed or stack emissions. However, PCDF's were found in the feed. This incinerator ship uses a dual chamber configuration. Furnace temperatures reach 1600C with a residence time of 1.35 seconds. 2.1.2.3 Boilers Cofiring Wastes. A review of the literature has produced five studies describing dioxin emissions from 13 boilers cofiring wastes. The Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory (IERL) in Cincinnati conducted studies on eight industrial boilers cofiring waste products. 22 Four boilers were cofiring chlorinated wastes and were tested for dioxin, A steam boiler firing waste wood contaminated with pentachlorophenol (PCP) and PCDD's emitted TCDD's at a level of 38-43 ng/m^. PCDD's in the feed were highly chlorinated isomers. PCDD's formed from PCP should also be highly chlorinated isomers. 32 The predominance of TCDD's in stack emissions indicates that dechlorination had occurred. Further analysis of the results indicate that the lower chlorinated isomers (TCDD's) 15 escaped with the small particulates and flue gas, while the higher chlorinated isomers are trapped with large particulates in the ESP. The three boilers remaining were tested for PCDO's at a detection limit of 1,000 3 ng/m . No PCDD's were detected. At present, more sensitive tests are being conducted on archived samples from these three boilers. Two unrelated studies detected dioxins in ash samples from boilers cofiring PCP wastes. 28 ' 94 In one study, stack emissions were tested. 28 No PCDD's were detected. However the detection limits were high (10 yg/m ). A final study found no-PCDD's or PCDF's in the emissions of a high efficiency industrial boiler firing PCB contaminated oil. 45 The detection limits in this study were again high. Dow Chemical tested two industrial waste incinerators; a 72 million Btu/hour stationary tar burner and a 70 million Btu/hour rotary kiln. In both cases, PCDD's were detected in the fly ash taken from the stacks. When supplemental fuel was added to the rotary kiln, no TCDD's were detected at a 2.0 ppb detection limit. 2.1.2.4 Lime/Cement Kilns Cofiring Wastes. One study has addressed PCDD emissions from cement kilns cofiring wastes. This study tested emissions from the San Juan cement kiln while cofiring pharmaceutical wastes (21 percent Cl). No PCDD's or PCDF's were detected at a detection limit of 3 14.9 ng/m . The combustion temperature of this process is 1260C, with a residence time of 1.5 seconds. The State of California is planning to test a dry cement kiln cofiring wastes. Details on this study are not yet available. 2.1.3 Sewage Sludge Incineration Very little data is available on PCDD emissions from sewage sludge incinerators. A Canadian study detected PCDD and PCDF emissions from a sewage sludge incinerator at concentrations of 0.739 ug/m and 1.213 yg/m , respectively.^ The incineration was a multiple hearth unit with a combustion temperature of 1000C. Currently, there are no U. S. studies available. However, the New Bedford Incinerator in Massachusetts has been tested. The results will be available before the Tier 4 final report is completed. 76 2.1.4 Coal Boilers The EPA conducted a national survey of organic emissions, including PCDD's and PCDF's, from coal fired utility boilers. 44 Seven large utility boilers were tested. No PCDD's were detected in the emissions. The boilers were large pulverized coal units operating at temperatures above 1000C. Several smaller studies recorded similar results. 62 * 29 * 47 The only study that detected PCDD's in coal fired boilers was a Dow Chemical Study. 31 TCDD's were detected in fly ash at a level of 38 ppb. In an experimental study, Dow Chemical detected PCDD emissions from coal combustion, but only when chlorine was added to the feed. A small spreader stoker coal boiler test will be tested in the near future by IERL. This testing effort will be expanded to include stack sampling for the Tier 4 program. 2.1.5 Activated Carbon Regeneration The regeneration of activated carbon has been studied in Cincinnati, Ohio.^ This carbon serviced the Cincinnati water supply for approximately 1 year. PCB's were detected in the feed. Parts per trillion (ppt) levels of TCDD were detected in the fly ash and flue gas samples. This facility operated a rotary kiln at 800C. The air supply was limited to prevent combustion of the carbon. 2.1.6 Wire Reclamation One PCDD study has been conducted on a wire reclamation incinerator. 51 TCDD and tetrachlorodibenzofurans (TCDF) concentrations in ash scrapings were 410 ppt and 11,600 ppt, respectively. Wire insulation incinerated during this process often contains PCB's and polyvinyl chloride. To prevent oxidation of the copper wire, both combustion temperatures and oxygen levels are kept low. 2.1.7 PCB Transformer Fires Ash samples from two PCB fires have been analyzed for PCDD;s. 48 * 79 In both cases, PCDD's were detected at elevated levels. At a third fired, PCDF's were detected in both the uncombusted PCB oil and ash samples. 54 In experimental work, Buser et al demonstrates the formation of PCDF's by pyrolysis of PCB's. 19 Buser postulates an intramolecular cyclization mechani sm. 17 2.1.8 Residential Wood Combustion Dow Chemical conducted two series' of tests on wood stoves. 31 * 83 The levels of TCDD's detected in ash samples ranged from ND-370 ppt. The feed material was untreated wood and residential wastes. Both combustion temperature and local oxygen availability are expected to be low. 2.1.9 Mobile Sources Two series of tests have been conducted on auto emissions.^* In a test series by Dow Chemical, TCDD levels in muffler scrapings ranged from ND to 20 ppt. This test series included regular and unleaded cars and diesel trucks. Currently, the Environmental Science Research Laboratory in Research Triangle Park is conducting emissions tests on gasoline and diesel vehicles. This work will be available in the Tier 4 final report. 2.1.10 Experimental Studies Extensive experimental studies have been conducted on PCDD and PCDF formation from combustion of chlorinated aromatics. Three categories of organics have been tested: PCB's, chlorobenzenes, and chiorophenols. The effect of inorganic chlorine on PCDD emissions has also been studied. The major focus of the experimental work identified is the formation of PCDD1s from the combustion of chlorinated phenols. Experiments by Rappe 92 , Jansson 55 , and. Ahling 5 * 4 demonstrate the formation of PCDD's at combustion temperatures of 500-800C. Above this temperature, PCDD's are destroyed. Formation mechanisms postulated are (1) dimerization of chiorophenates, (2) cyclization of predioxin, and (3) dechlorination of higher chlorinated dioxins. Buser investigated the formation of PCDD's and PCDF's from the pyrolysis of chlorobenzenes.17 Both PCDD's and PCDF's were detected in pyrolyzed samples. The formation mechanism proposed included^ chlorophenol intermediate. Buser also investigated the formation of PCDF's from the pyrolysis of PCBs. 18 5 19 ' 20 The yields of PCDF's were estimated to range from 0.1 percent to several percent. The proposed formation mechanism is an intramolecular cyclization. No experimental work has been identified on PCDD formation from PCB's. However, PCDD formation from PCB combustion has 18 .\ l .l' . / been demonstrated in two transformer fires. 48 * 95 Elevated levels of PCDD's were found in ash samples from both fires. During two series of PCB destruction tests, PCDD emissions from rotary kilns increased when PCB wastes were added to the feed. 115 Three recent reports have dealt with PCDD formation from combustion processes in the presence of inorganic chlorine. 78 * 113 * 73 Tierman found no detectable PCDD's or PCDF's emitted from the combustion of virgin pine. However, in the presence of HC1, significant quantities of TCDD's were detected. Mahle presents similar results when burning coal in the 78 presence of Cl, HC1, and NaCI. Liberati studied the combustion of vegetables/ When inorganic chlorine or PVC is added, PCDD's and PCDF's were detected in the emissions. 2.2 POSSIBLE, PLANNED, OR ONGOING WORK Table 2-3 lists PCDD studies that are either ongoing or being considered. Results from many of these tests will be available in the Tier 4 final report. The Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory (IERL) in Cincinnati, Ohio is conducting a series of tests. These include a batch asphalt plant in Maryland, a steel blast furnace cofiring hazardous wastes in Pennsylvania, and a spreader stoker coal boiler cofiring hazardous wastes. Two sewage sludge incinerators are listed. The New Bedford incinerator has recently been tested. Results are due in the near future. Testing of the Norfolk incinerator will start this summer. PCDD tests may be conducted at this site. Several regions have expressed interest in testing MWC's. Two studies that should be noted are the retesting of Hampton which is currently underway, and the retesting of Hempstead. The Hempstead study may not be complete during the Tier 4 program. Two important foreign studies are currently ongoing. The University of Waterloo in Canada is conducting a study on a Paris MWC. This study is attempting to correlate operating conditions with levels of PCDD emissions. 19 TABLE 2-3. POSSIBLE, PLANNED, OR ONGOING WORK Organization DOE ORD, EPA EPA Regional Offices State Offices Environment, Canada Source Type Coal/Waste Boiler Steel Blast Furnace Asphalt Plant Stoker Coal Boiler Mobile Sources Municipal Waste Combustors Sewage Sludge Incinerators Pathological Incinerators Hazardous Waste Incinerators Municipal Waste Combustors Dry Cement Kiln Municipal Waste Combustors Number of Tests 1 1 1 1 1 11 2 2 2 1 1 3 20 A current Japanese study is looking at the effect of control devices on PCDD emissions. 2.3 SUMMARY AND PURPOSE OF LITERATURE REVIEW The literature review has produced a list of twelve source categories that have been tested for PCDD's. Ten of the 12 source categories tested have been shown to emit PCDD's at detectable levels. Likewise, theories proposed for PCDD formation mechanisms and experimental studies which support these theories have been identified. By evaluating the proposed formation mechanisms and characteristics of the tested sources, a list of factors that may affect PCDD emissions have been developed. Based on these factors, source categories with suitable operational and fuel characteristics are identified for the Tier 4 testing program. The next section presents a more detailed discussion on the factors that are believed to affect PCDD emissions. 21 3.0 FACTORS AFFECTING DIOXIN EMISSIONS There are several unproven hypotheses concerning PCDD emissions from combustion processes. Dow Chemical's "Chemistries of Fire" theory proposes that PCDD's are a natural byproduct of fire and will be formed at some quantities in all combustion processes. 31 . However, experimental results by Buser and Rappe and an evaluation of data from the literature suggests that PCDD's are emitted only under limited conditions. The most prevalent theories, including Esposito's formation mechanism, involve the incomplete combustion of PCDD's or PCDD precursors. Although there is some disagreement on the definition of precursors, PCDD precursors are defined in this paper as chlorinated aromatics that can produce PCDD's through bimolecular reactions and thermal rearrangements. Examples include chlorinated phenols and chlorinated benzenes. When PCDD's are in the feed of a combustion source, they can escape with the fine particulate if thermal destruction efficiency is low. Additionally, PCDD precursors may be thermally rearranged during incomplete combustion to form PCDD's. Neither the Dow hypothesis or the precursor hypothesis have been conclusively supported or refuted. Recent studies involving pyrolysis of wood with and without chlorination, in conjunction with the studies of pyrolysis of chlorinated coal, suggest that inorganic chlorine at high levels with any organic material may very well lead to PCDD formation (see Section 2.1.10). This section discusses the various factors identified in the literature that may effect PCDD emissions. These are listed below. Based on the literature review, the following factors are believed to affect dioxin emissions: PCDD in feed, Precursors in feed, Chlorine in feed, Combustion temperature, Residence time, Oxygen availability, 22 Feed processing, Supplemental fuel. How these factors interact during the formation of PCDD's is not well defined. Therefore, each of the factors will be discussed separately below. Once the results of the source test program and ash screening studies are available and have been analyzed, an assessment of the relative importance of each of these factors can be made. In addition, now Dow's hypothesis and the precursor hypothesis can be tested with the additional information. 3.1 PCDD IN FEED 2,3,7,8-TCDD is an impurity that results from the manufacture of trichlorophenol, which is used to make the herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid (245-T). Pentachlorophenol (PCP) production will also result in a PCDD contaminant, primarily octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD). The primary end use for PCP is as a wood preservative. It is anticipated that limited PCDD contamination will also occur during the manufacturing of other similar chlorinated aromatics, particularly if the manufacturing process is inefficient or not well controlled. Therefore, PCDD's are expected to enter the environment as a contaminant of commercial products, such as wood preservatives and pesticides. The widespread use of these products increases the possibility of finding PCDD's in the feed of a combustion process. For example, PCP treated wood may be used to fire boilers. Runoff may carry pesticides to water treatment facilities where the organics are incorporated into a sludge. The sludge may then be incinerated. Likewise, contaminated waste streams from manufacturing processes may be incinerated as an energy recovery procedure. Two examples are PCP sludge incinerators used at wood preserving facilities and black liquor recovery boilers used at paper mills. The IERL industrial boiler study discussed in Section 2.1.2.3 demonstrates that PCDD's have been detected in combustion source emissions with PCDD's in the feed.^ If PCDD's are found in the feed of an inefficient or poorly controlled combustion process, it is very likely that they will be released to the atmosphere. 23 3.2 PRECURSORS IN FEED Although the Dow "Chemistry of Fire" theory has some backing, much of the experiments reviewed focused on the formation of PCDD's and PCDF's from precursors. Experiments by Buser, Rappe, and others are described in more detail in Section 2.1.10. Esposito et al_ presented detailed descriptions of the formation mechanisms of chlorinated dioxins from precursors. 37 This work organizes dioxin precursors into three classes: Class I - Polyhalogenated phenols, primarily with a halogen ortho to the hydroxyl group, with a high probability of dioxin formation. Class II- Ortho-halophenols and ortho-halophenyl esters where the substituted groups are a mixture of halogens and nonhalogens. Class III - Other chemicals having the possibility, but less likelihood, of dioxin formation. These include chlorinated aromatic compounds. The majority of experimental work to date has centered on three classes of precursors: chlorinated phenols, chlorinated benzenes, and PCB's. Table 3-1 lists the uses and annual production rates for these three classes of chemicals. PCDD formation from the combustion of chlorinated phenols has been tested extensively by Rappe92 , Jansson 55 , and Ahling5 '4 . The formation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD from 2,4,5-trichlorophenol is illustrated in Figure 3-la. Figure 3-lb illustrates the formation of OCDD from PCP. Dechlorination of the highly chlorinated homologs can result in the more toxic TCDD isomers. Chlorinated phenols are used as wood preservatives, herbicides, and sap stain control. Wood or vegetation sprayed with chlorophenols may be disposed of by incineration or used as a supplemental fuel in boilers. In addition, chlorophenol wastes are often disposed of in sludge incinerators and industrial boilers. The identified experimental references indicate that these combustion sources should be considered in the Tier 4 testing program. Buser investigated the formation of PCDD's and PCDF's from the pyrolysis of chlorobenzenes.^ The formation mechanism included a 24 Precursor Chlorophenols Chlorobenzenes PCBs TABLE 3-1. PCDD PRECURSORS Use Herbicides Fungicides Wood Preservatives Sap Stain Control Manufacturing Inter mediates Inert Solvents Rubber Production Pesticides Lubricants Pharmaceuticals Dyes Wood Preservatives Transformers Capacitators Insulation Hydraulic Fluid Plasticizers Dyes Quantity 63,000 kkg/y 215,000 kkg/j 570xl06kkg (1930-1975) 25 NaC! (2,3,7,8-TC DD) A: 2378-TCDD Formation from 245-trichlorophenol + 2NaC! Cl CITA r0H ci PCP B: OCDD Formation from PCP Figure 3-1. PCDD formation from chlorophenols. 26 chlorophenol and a polychlorinated diphenyl ester (PCDPE) intermediate. Figure 3-2 illustrates the possible formation mechanisms. Chlorobenzenes are used in solvents, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and rubber production. These products make up much of the organic chlorine found in MWC feed. The associated waste product may also be disposed of in an incinerator or boiler. Buser also investigated the formation of PCDF's from the pyrolysis of PCBls. 18 * 19 ' 20 The proposed formation mechanism is an intramolecular cyclization as shown in Figure 3-3. No experimental work has been identified on PCDD formation from PCB's. However, several studies have been identified that found PCDD's emitted from PCB f i r e s . ^ In addition, PCB's are often in solution with hexachlorobenzenes which have been shown to form PCDD's. Up until 1975, PCB's were used as dielectric fluids in transformers and capacitors. PCB's have also been used in hydraulic fluids, plasticizers, and dyes. The incineration of PCB's at waste disposal facilities or in boilers may result in PCDD and PCDF emissions. 3.3 CHLORINE IN FEED The chlorine content of fuel is obviously an important parameter affecting the formation of PCDD's or PCDF's. Shih et developed a ranked priority list of conventional combustion systems emitting polycyclic organic matter including PCDD's and PCDF's. 104 The rationale presented for source ranking is based on fuel characteristics and combustion conditions. Shih1s work places great emphasis on both the chlorine content of the feed and the concentration of aromatics in the feed. Table 3-2 lists the chlorine content of several fuels. Other authors have demonstrated the effect of chlorine on dioxin emissions. Mahle et al demonstrated that PCDD's were emitted from coal combustion only when chlorine was added. 55 Tierman et ]_ found PCDD formation during the combustion of pine in the presence of HC1, but no PCDD's were detected during the combustion of pine alone. 113 Liberti 27 Ao * PCDFs C 1m C lm- i OH PCDPEs CItn Cl m PCDDs Figure 3-2. PCDD and PCDF formation from chlorobenzenes1^ AT Figure 3-3. PCDF formation from PCB's^ Am +n 28 TABLE 3-2. FUEL CHLORINE CONTENT Fuel Type Refuse Derived Fuel Paper Wood Coal Residual Oil Crude Oil Distillate Oil Natural Gas PCP/PCB Wastes Source: Reference No. 104 Chlorine Content (ppm) 1,400 - 9,500 300 - 1,600 11 - 84 10 - 3,700 1 - 200 1.6 - 74 50 - 100 Several Percent 29 studied the combustion of vegetables. 73 When inorganic chlorine or PVC is added, PCDD's and PCDF's were detected in the feed. While the precursor theory has received widespread acceptance,these inorganic chlorine studies demonstrate that the specific mechanisms involved in PCDD formation are complex and not well understood. However, it can be generally stated that chlorine must be present for the formation of PCDD, and general trends indicate that increased chlorine concentrations in the feed improve the possibilities of PCDD emissions. 3.4 COMBUSTION CONDITIONS The remaining factors that affect PCDD emissions are combustion conditions. These are combustion temperature, residence time, supplemental fuel, and fuel processing. The combustion efficiency is a function of all of these factors. In order to destroy PCDD's or prevent their formation, the combustion efficiency must be high. This requires a combination of high temperatures, available oxygen, high Btu fuel, and long residence times. Each factor is discussed separately below. 3.4.1 Combustion Temperature Experimental evidence suggests that temperatures of 500-800C promote PCDD formation, while temperatures greater than 800C destroy PCDD's.*^*^ Buser et a]_ showed that PCB pyrolysis at 550-650C forms PCDF. However,' pyrolysis at temperature greater than 700C cause 99 percent destruction of PCB1s and no PCDF formation. Ahling et \_ produced similar results for both PCDD's and PCDF's during the combustion of chlorophenols. Combustion temperature is a function of the Btu content of the fuel or supplemental fuel, the available air, and the degree of fuel processing, MWC's are considered a major combustion source of PCDD's. 114 The large mass burn units are characterized by-low combustion temperatures. This is due in part to the high moisture, low BTU fuel; poor air/feed mixing due to the lack of feed processing; and lack of supplemental fuel. In comparison, many hazardous waste incinerators and high efficiency boilers are designed for efficient combustion. These units burn high BTU fuels or add high BTU supplemental fuels; and, even if the air/fuel ratio is low, the air/fuel 30 missing is efficient. The fuels are processed to decrease moisture and improve mixing. In many cases, high temperature afterburners are used for the combustion of offgases. Several studies have been identified that demonstrate the effects of high combustion temperatures on PCDD's and PCDD precursors. 116 * 90 ' 3 For example, no PCDD's were detected in the emissions of the Vulcanus incinerator ship during the combustion of PCDD contaminated Herbicide Orange. The combustion temperature during this project was 1600C. When selecting sources for the Tier 4 testing program, combustion temperatures will be considered. Source categories characterized by low combustion temperatures are considered potential sources of PCDD emissions. 3.4.2 Residence Time The residence time necessary to destroy PCDD's and the combustion temperature are inversely related. The higher the combustion temperature, the shorter the required residence time for PCDD destruction. Likewise, a low temperature source will require a long residence time for destruction of PCDD's. Sachter et aj_ showed that an increase in both temperature and residence time decreased the formation of PCDD's from chlorophenol c o m b u s t i o n . S i m i l a r results have been found at hazardous waste incinerators that run with 1.5-2.0 second residence times. Combustion sources with longer residence times and high temperatures are less likely to form products of incomplete combustion, such as PCDD's. 3.4.3 Oxygen Availability Oxygen availability is a function of both the air/fuel ratio and air/fuel mixing efficiency, both of which are of concern when burning solid fuels. Solid fuels and high viscosity liquid fuels (waste tars, etc.) burn as particulates or large droplets, and therefore portions of the fuel are burned in low oxygen or pyrolysis conditions. A low air/fuel ratio or poor air/fuel mixing will promote poor combustion conditions and the formation of PCDD's. Jansson demonstrates that an insufficient air supply increases PCDD emissions from chlorophenol combustion. 55 MWC are usually fired with excess air. However, large mass burn units have poor air/fuel mixing due to the lack of fuel processing. Activated carbon regeneration and wire reclamation 31 incinerators are both designed with limited air. All of these cases have been shown to emit dioxins. 49 * 51 * 50 Available oxygen will be considered during the source ranking. Sources with a low air/fuel ratio or poor air/fuel mixing will be considered potential sources of PCDD emissions. 3.4.4 Feed Processing The feed material for a combustion source may be a liquid, a solid, or a gas. Both liquid and gas fuels can be easily mixed with air resulting in a high combustion efficiency; solid feeds usually require some processing to improve combustion. Often solid feeds require drying, shredding, or separation to improve combustion. Similarly, high viscosity fuels, for example waste tars, require some preparations including preheating and atomization prior to combustion. Feed processing will determine in part both oxygen availability and residence time. Fine, homogeneous feed particles will improve air/fuel mixing and combustion. Larger particles will require longer residence times and may result in local oxygen deficiencies due to poor mixing. High moisture will also decrease combustion efficiency. Therefore, highly processed homogeneous feeds are less likely to emit products of incomplete combustion, such as PCDD's. 3.4.5 Supplemental Fuel When burning a low Btu fuel, the addition of supplemental fuel will increase the combustion temperature and improve combustion. Haile et al tested a boiler cofiring RDF with coal. The boiler temperature was 1200C, and no PCDD's were detected. Dow Chemical tested an industrial incinerator burning waste tars without supplemental fuel and found ppb levels of TCDD's in the fly ash. After the addition of a supplemental fuel, no TCDD's were detected. When selecting sources for the Tier 4 testing program, sources fired with high Btu supplemental fuel will be considered less likely to emit PCDD's. Sources burning low Btu wastes without supplemental fuels are likely candidates for testing. 32 -- \ f 4.0 DEVELOPMENT OF THE RANKED SOURCE LIST Based on the results of the literature review, a sampling plan has been developed that will provide data to allow a better definition of the nature of the dioxin emissions problem. Due to Tier 4 budget restraints, not all source categories identified by the literature search will be tested. In order to facilitate the source selection process, source categories will first be ranked based on factors identified in Sections 2.0 and 3.0. Source categories with the highest ranking will be stack tested first, and source categories ranked with a low potential to emit dioxins will be screened early in the test program. Source screening will involve collecting ash samples and analyzing these samples for PCDD's. Screening results help select which of the lower ranked categories should be stack tested and will help characterize source categories that will not be stack tested. The following chapter describes the rationale used to select and rank broad source categories for the Tier 4 testing program. During the development of the ranked source list, very broad source category definitions were used. All of the source categories can be subdivided further and, in many instances, it is anticipated that some subcategories will have a higher potential for PCDD emissions than others. For example, municipal waste combustion can occur in large field erected units designed for energy recovery or in smaller package units. The waste can be burned as is or can be classified in a number of ways including by air or by wet processing. In addition, refuse derived fuel can be cofired in boilers. As discussed earlier, each of these differences in subcategories can effect dioxin emissions. Due to the limited amount of information available, and the subjective nature of the ranking process, the authors felt that subcategorization was not justified for the development of the preliminary source list. As site selection for ash screening and stack testing proceeds, consideration should be given to the representativeness of the facilities selected. Subcategories of the major categories may well be justified especially during ash screening. 33 4.1 DEVELOPMENT OF PRELIMINARY SOURCE LIST The first step in the ranking process is to develop a fairly extensive list of the major combustion source categories. Table 4-1 lists the approximately 50 combustion sources considered. The sources listed can be categorized in one of the following groups: (1) Fossil fuel boilers, process heaters, oil engines; (2) Manufacturing processes; (3) Waste Disposal; and (4) Accidental fires. Source category size and precursor concentration in the feed are key criteria in the selection of these categories. Based on precursor content described by Esposito37 and chlorine content, many waste disposal categories and manufacturing processes were selected. A review of AP-42 and the 1981 NED1s Fuel Use Report suggested several fossil fuel and wood fired source categories. These sources were selected based on size and emissions data. From this list of potential source categories, a preliminary source list has been developed. These sources are most likely to pose a dioxin emissions problem. Source categories on the preliminary source list will eventually be ranked and considered for stack testing. Selection of source categories for the preliminary source list is based on the following criteria: (1) PCDD's detected in previous studies; (2) Elevated levels of chlorine, PCDD precursors, or PCDD's in feed; (3) Experimental studies that suggest the source is a potential PCDD emitter; and (4) Favorable combustion conditions for PCDD formation based on operational parameters described in Section 2.0. For example, wood stoves have been shown to produce dioxins. 31 Based on this work and the possibility of PCP contamination, wood fired boilers and wood stoves warrant further research. Municipal waste combustors, sewage sludge incinerators, and hazardous waste incinerators have all been previously tested, and PCDD's were detected. Precursor and chlorine levels in the feed indicate that both black liquor boilers and other waste fired 34 TABLE 4-1. COMBUSTION SOURCES Fossil Fuel Boilers, Process Heaters, or Engines Boilers - Coal Fired - Oil Fired - Natural Gas Fired - Liquified Petroleum Gas Process Heaters - Oil - Natural Gas - Refinery Gas Turbines - Oil - Natural Gas Internal Combustion Engines - Stationary - Mobile Home Heating - Oil - Natural gas - Coal - Kerosene Industrial Processes Catalytic Cracking Charcoal Manufacturing Carbon Black Manufacturing Coke Manufacturing Coal Gasification Asphalt Manufacturing Coffee Roasting Meat Smoke Houses Waste Disposal Operations Wood Boilers Refuse Derived Fuel Boilers Municipal Waste Incinerators Hazardous Waste Incinerators - land based - incinerator ship Sewage Sludge Incinerators Boilers Fired with - contaminated waste oils - off spec products - distillation bottoms - tars Cement/Lime Kilns (Waste Fired) Resource Recovery (Metals) Carbon Reactivation Pathological Incinerators Black Liquor Boilers Open Burning Wood Stoves Agricultural Burning Accidental Fires PCB Transformers Structural Fires Forest Fires Subway Fires 35 y boilers should be considered. Based on combustion conditions, activated carbon regeneration, charcoal manufacturing, and wire reclamation will also be considered. In each of these processes, both the combustion temperature and the air/fuel ratio are limited by d e s i g n . ^ Some source categories will be excluded from the preliminary list. Based on an evaluation of available data, these source categories are not expected to present a health risk. Therefore, these source categories will not be considered for stack testing during the initial ranking procedure. At the request of State or regional offices, these sources and others not listed will be screened using ash samples. Exclusion of source categories from consideration for stack testing was based on the following criteria: (1) Low chlorine fuel (natural gas, clear oil); (2) Low precursor level (less than 1 ppm); (3) Small source category (low annual tonnage); and (4) Intermittent source category. Based on previous studies and chlorine content, fossil fuel boilers, process heaters, and turbines have been excluded from the preliminary list. 44 In addition, processes using clean fossil fuels, such as carbon black manufacturing and coal gasification, have been excluded. Two exceptions are small spreader stoker coal boilers and mobile sources. Due to combustion conditions (poor air/fuel mixing and lower temperatures), small spreader stoker coal boilers will be included in the test plan. Dioxins have been detected in two previous studies on mobile sources. Sources burning low annual tonnage such as coffee roasting, meat smoke houses, or open burning have also been excluded from the preliminary list. Similarly, intermittent sources such as accidental fires or incinerator ships have been excluded. While on an individual basis, many of these sources may emit dioxins, these source categories do not pose the potential exposure problem that would be expected with large continuous sources. Table 4-2 lists the major exclusions from the preliminary source list. Table 4-3 presents the preliminary list of combustion source categories and rationale for selection. In the next section, the rationale for ranking the preliminary source list will be presented. 36 TABLE 4-2. COMBUSTION SOURCE CATEGORIES EXCLUDED FROM PRELIMINARY SOURCE LIST Coal: Tested extensively by EPA No PCDD detected Natural Gas: Clean burning Low chlorine Clean oil: Low chlorine Processes using low chlorine petroleum products Carbon Black Manufacturing Catalytic Cracking Coke Manufacturing Coal Gasification Asphalt Manufacturing Intermittent Sources/Low National Fuel/Feed Use Pathological Incinerators Incineration Ships Coffee Roasting Meat Smoke Houses Bagasse Boilers Open Refuse Burning Accidental fires Apartment House Incinerators 37 TABLE 4-3. PRELIMINARY SOURCE LIST OF COMBUSTION SOURCE CATEGORIES BELIEVED TO HAVE THE GREATEST POTENTIAL TO EMIT DIOXINS Source Hazardous Waste Incinerators Municipal Waste Incinerators RDF Boilers Commercial Waste Oil Boilers Industrial Boilers Cofiring Wastes Wire Reclamation Incinerators Activated Carbon Regeneration PCP Sludge Incinerators Sewage Sludge Incinerators Mobile Sources Wood Stoves/Fireplaces Wood/Bark Boilers Charcoal Manufacturing Black Liquor Boilers Cement/Lime Kilns Cofiring Wastes Small Spreader-Stoker Coal Boilers Rationale TCDD Detected TCDD Detected TCDD Detected TCDD Detected TCDD Detected TCDD Detected TCDD Detected TCDD Detected PCDD Detected TCDD Detected TCDD Detected Experimental results with PCP treated wood Experimental results with PCP treated wood, combustion conditions PCBs in effluent, PCP's in feed Precursors present Favorable combustion conditions for dioxin formation 38 4.2 DEVELOPMENT OF RANKING CRITERIA AND THE RANKED SOURCE LIST Shih et al developed a ranked priority list of conventional combustion 104 systems emitting polycyclic organic matter. The emphasis of this work was on PCDD's, PCDF's, and PCB's. The rationale presented for source ranking was based on fuel characteristics and combustion process characteristics. Table 4-4 presents Shih1s ranked list. Radian's efforts to rank combustion sources with the potential to emit TCDD is based on Shih1s work, with the following exceptions: (1) A greater emphasis is placed on combustion of wastes as fuels and on dioxin precursors in the feed. (2) Coverage has been expanded to include nonconventional combustion sources, such as waste fired boilers and black liquor boilers which are considered due to the potential for elevated concentrations of chlorinated aromatics in the feed. (2) Source category size (annual tonnage) is considered during ranking. (3) The number of valid tests previously conducted on a source category is also considered a ranking criteria. The following discussion presents supporting data, ranking rationale, and key references using during the development of the ranked source list. Figure 4-1 summarizes these procedures by means of a flow chart. Source categories from the preliminary source list are ranked into one of four groups. Rank descriptions are listed in Table 4-5. The ranking process was highly subjective since no realistic assignment of weighing factors could be made for each of the ranking criteria. The development of a ranked list would change depending on the relative importance given to the ranking criteria. The criteria used to rank the preliminary source list are based on factors affecting dioxin emissions identified in the literature review. In addition, the size of the source category, the location of the sources, the number of previous tests, and the results of previous tests are considered. Table 4-6 lists the ranking criteria. Table 4-7 summarizes source characteristics used in the ranking procedure. 39 TABLE 4-4. RANKED PRIORITY LIST OF COMBUSTION SYSTEMS FOR SOURCE TESTING Priority List for * Chlorinated POM Compounds Corresponding Priority Ranking for Brominated POM Compounds 1. Coal-refuse spreader stoker 2. Municipal refuse incineration 3. Coal-refuse suspension-firing 4. Wood combustion - dutch oven 5. Wood combustion - overfeed stoker 6. Wood combustion - spreader stoker 7. Waste oil combustion 8 . Bituminous coal - hand-fired units 9. Bituminous coal - overfeed stoker 9. Bituminous coal - underfeed stoker 11. Bituminous coal - spreader stoker 12. Wood combustion - hand-fired units 13. Lignite - other stokers 14. Lignite - spreader stoker 15. Bituminous coal - cyclone 16. Bituminous coal - pulverized dry-bottom 17. Bituminous coal - pulverized wet-bottom 18. Lignite - cyclone 19. Lignite - pulverized dry-bottom 20. Distillate oil - home heating units 21. Residual oil - packaged boilers 22. Residual oil - field-erected boilers 23. Distillate oil - packaged boilers 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 8 9 9 11 13 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 * Chlorinated POM compounds include PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs. f Brominated POM compounds include PBDDs, PBDFs, and PBBs. Reference Number 104 Corresponding Priority Ranking for PAH Compounds 10 12 16 7 8 11 19 1 3 3 5 2 6 9 13 14 16 18 19 15 21 22 23 Preliminary Source List Municipi! Waste Incineration Industrial Waste Boilers Mobile Sources Wood Stoves Wood Fired Boilers Spreader Stoker Coal Hazardous Waste Incineration Lime/Cement Kilns A Sewage Sludge Incineration Black Liquor Boilers Coronereial Waste 011 Boilers PCP Sludge Incineration Carbon Regeneration Charcoal Manufacture Wire Reclamation Figure 4-1. Ranking flow chart. 41 Rank A B C D TABLE 4-5. RANKING CATEGORIES Description Large source categories (greater than 1 million tons of fuel and/or waste burned annually) with elevated dioxin precursor contamination of feed/fuel. These categories have the potential to emit TCDD and require further testing. Small source categories (less than 1 million tons of fuel and/or waste burned annually) or source categories with limited dioxin precursor contamination of feed/fuel. These categories have the potential to emit TCDD and require further testing. Source categories less likely to emit TCDD. Source categories that have already been tested three or more times. 42 TABLE 4-6. CRITERIA FOR RANKING COMBUSTION SOURCE CATEGORIES Number of previous dioxin stack tests Estimated potential to emit TCDD Measured TCDD levels Presence of dioxin precursors in feed chlorinated phenols chlorinated benzenes PCB1s Chlorine content of feed Combustion conditions temperature local air availability supplemental fuel residence time fuel processing Size of source category Number of facilities Quantity of fuel burned Location of sources in category Potential for human exposure 43 TABLE 4-7. SOURCE CHARACTERISTICS Source Waste Fired Boilers Industrial Cunmercial MWCs Conventional Modular RDT Boiler Black Liquor Boilers Sewage Incinerators PCP Sludge Incinerators Carbon Regeneration Wire Reclamation Charcoal Manufacturing Wood Boilers Woodstoves Spreader Stoker Coal Mobile Sources HW Incineration Lime/Cement Kilns Size (Tons/Year) ZOxlO6 -- .-- IOx IO6 0.23xl0 4.5xl06 42xl06 1.5xl06 3.7xl06 60x10e 48xl06 lxlO6 Number of U.S. Facilities - 40 90 11 274 200 73 106 219 2-3 Fuel Composition Combustion Air/Fuel Temperature Ratio Air/Fuel Mixing Number of Previous Tests TCDD Detected PCBs, Cl-phenols PCBs, Cl-phenols Cl-orqnnics Cl-organics Cl-nrganics PCBs, PCPs Cl-organics PCPs PCBs PCBs, PVC PCP PCPs PCBs, Cl-phenols PCBs, Cl-phenols 1000C <1000*C Excess Excess 500-1000"C soo-iootrc 1000'C 1000C 1000C Excess Txcess Excess Excess Excess 1000C B00C 550C 500C 1000C <500C 1000C 1200C 1400C Excess Limited Limited Limited Excess Low Excess Excess Excess Excess Good Good 6(1) 6(6) ND-40.5 ng/m3 Poor Poor Good Good Poor Good Good Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Good Good Good 3 I 3 0 2 (PCDD Scan) 1 1 I 0 4 0 0 9(4) 10(7) 1 3.15-24D ng/m' 1.2 ng/m3 ND-29.7 ng/m3 483-1140 ng/m' O.P-3.4 ppb ND-SxlO"4 ppb. ND-.41 ppb .329 ppb ND-.02 ppb ND-2.5 ng/m3 ND Based on these ranking criteria, source categories in the preliminary source list will be ranked into one of the groups listed in Table 4-5. The Rank A group is expected to emit dioxins with the greatest potential human exposure. Rank B and C sources are expected to be less of a problem. Rank D sources are considered to be adequately tested for the purposes of the Tier 4 testing program. The implications of these rankings will be discussed in greater detail in the next section. Source categories with three or more valid dioxin tests, using modified Method 5 train sampling and GC/MS analysis for 2,3,7,8-TCDD, are considered adequately tested for the purposes of Tier 4. Results of three or more valid tests are considered sufficient to indicate the potential range of 2,3,7,8-TCDD emissions from a source category. Source categories meeting these criteria are assigned a rank of D. These include municipal waste combustors (reference 49, 56, 9, 44, 114, 43) and industrial boilers cofiring wastes (reference 94, 46, 22). Seven MWC's have been tested in the United States. Several fly ash and stack tests have also been conducted in Canada and Europe. After reanalyzing archived samples from the IERL industrial boiler tests, a total of six waste fired industrial boiler tests will be completed. The remaining source categories are ranked according to potential to emit TCDD's. Rank C source categories are categories that have been judged less likely to emit TCDD's, when compared to other source categories under consideration. The judgments made considered many of the ranking criteria including the level of TCDD's detected in previous tests, the anticipated level of precursors, and the combustion conditions. Rank C source categories include mobile sources, woodstoves, wood boilers, small spreader stoker coal boilers, hazardous waste incinerators, and lime/cement kilns. Mobile sources have been tested in two earlier s t u d i e s . I n both cases, TCDD's were detected at the ppt level. Chlorine content of the gasoline and diesel fuels are also low (0-100 ppm). The only case where significant quantities of chlorine may be found in gasoline is the use of ethylene dichloride (EDC) as an antiknock agent in leaded gasoline. However, with the increasing concern over atmospheric lead pollution, the 45 use of leaded gasoline and EDC is on the decline. Based on earlier tests and chlorine content, mobile sources have been ranked C. Dow Chemical conducted two series of tests on woodstoves. 31 ' 83 TCDD's detected ranged from ND-370 ppt. The chlorine content of wood is less than 100 ppm. Although the combustion conditions found in wood stoves favor the formation of PCOD's, the low chlorine concentrations and the low levels of PCDD's detected in earlier studies indicate that this category is less likely to emit PCDD's. However, 48 million tons of wood is burned each year in residential woodstoves. This source category is characterized by low stacks and high particulate emissions. Woodstoves will be considered during the ash screening. Likewise, wood fired boilers, which are more efficient combustion systems with higher stacks, will be ranked C. Boilers fired with PCP treated wood are considered under the waste fired boilers category. Small spreader stoker coal boilers have been placed in the Rank C category. This source category was originally considered because of combustion conditions that favor PCDD formation. These include lower combustion temperatures than the larger boilers previously tested, 44 and poor air/fuel mixing due to large feed size. However, the earlier tests on utility boilers did not detect PCDD in stack emissions^, and experimental studies demonstrate that PCDD's are emitted from coal combustions at 600C only when chlorine is added. 78 Both hazardous waste incinerators and lime/cement kilns cofiring wastes have been ranked C. Elevated levels of PCDD precursors can be expected in the feed of these source categories. However, previous tests have shown only low levels of PCDD's emitted. 116 ' 90 ' 81 This is due to combustion conditions. Generally, combustion temperatures for these sources are greater than 1000C, and the residence time for fuel ranges from 1 to 2 seconds. The use of high Btu supplemental fuel and afterburners also decrease the likelihood of PCDD emissions from these sources. Sources with high potential to emit are ranked A or B. Rank B source categories are smaller source categories (less than 1 million tons/year) or categories with lower concentrations of precursors in the feed. These 46 include PCP sludge incineration, carbon regeneration, charcoal manufacturing, and wire reclamation. Two studies have looked at PCP waste incineration. 28 ' 94 In both cases, PCDD's were detected in fly ash samples. Through experimental studies, PCP's have been shown to form octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (OCDD) during combustion. 55 Dechlorination of OCDD can result in TCDD's. 22 Annually, 19,000 tons of PCP is used to preserve wood. 213 Only a small percentage of this is incorporated in sludge which must be disposed. Typically, the sludge is incinerated at the wood preserving plant along with scrap wood. The lack of feed processing and the high moisture content of the sludge can result in poor combustion conditions. Therefore, while PCP sludge incineration is a potential source of PCDD's, the size of this category does not warrant the highest ranking for the Tier 4 program. Activated carbon regeneration has also been placed in the Rank B category. The thermal regeneration of activated carbon has been studied in Cincinnati, Ohio, ppt levels of TCDD's were detected in the fly ash. However, the spent carbon had been used to treat the Cincinnati water supply. Precursor levels in the carbon were low in comparison to what might be expected in carbon used to treat an industrial waste stream. In order to prevent the combustion of the carbon, the air/fuel ratio and the combustion temperature ("800C) are kept low. 209 These conditions promote the formation of products of incomplete combustion, such as PCDD's. There are approximately 73 carbon regeneration facilities in the United States. The actual amount of carbon thermally regenerated annually is currently not available. Charcoal manufacturing is another source category with combustion conditions that favor dioxin formation. Furnace temperatures are kept low (500C), and both air/fuel ratio and air/fuel mixing are poor. Source category surveys indicate that charcoal manufacturers are now using scrap wood from saw mills. Much of this wood has been treated with PCP products for sap stain control. The combustion conditions, along with the potential use of PCP treated wood, indicate that this source category has a high potential to emit dioxins. Approximately 3-4 million tons of wood is used 47 annually in the production of charcoal. However, not all of this wood is PCP treated. Herman has demonstrated that the combustion of clean wood (pine) does not form PCDD's. 113 In addition, the majority of charcoal manufacturing facilities are located in rural settings. This source category has been placed in the Rank B category. The final Rank B source category is wire reclamation incinerators. In previous tests, ppt levels of TCDD's were detected in stack scrapings. As with carbon regeneration and charcoal manufacturing, both the combustion temperature and available oxygen are kept low in this process. Wire insulation incinerated during this process often contains PCB's and polyvinyl chloride. The size of this source category is not known. However, there are 11 of these facilities in the Chicago area. 212 New York State has also cited this source as a potential problem. The remaining source categories are Ranked A. These are sewage sludge incinerators, black liquor boilers, and commercial boilers cofiring chlorinated wastes. Of the sources that have not been adequately tested, these sources are considered to have the highest potential to emit dioxins. Approximately 1.5 million ton of sewage sludge is incinerated annually. 201 The high moisture content of the feed can result in poor combustion conditions. Many of these incinerators have odor and particulate problems. In addition, sewage from an industrial district may contain elevated levels of PCB's and other chlorinated aromatics. In an earlier Canadian study, PCDD's were detected in stack emissions. Many newer units are operated on a fuel efficient system. In order to save energy, both the combustion temperature and the available oxygen are held low. Black liquor boilers are also Rank A sources. Approximately 13 percent of all fuel used in large industrial boilers is pulping liquor. 215 Some 42 million tons of this pulping liquor is disposed of in boilers. 216 Due to wood treatment at saw mills and pulp wood storage areas, and biocides used in the pulping operation, the potential for chlorophenol contamination is high. In addition, earlier studies have detected PCB's in the emissions from these boilers. 217 One subcategory of particular concern is black liquor recovery boilers. These boilers recover smelt from the liquor. The 48 black liquor is sprayed on the inner walls of the boiler. Smelt is collected at the base of the boiler while organics are incinerated. The temperature is kept low in these boilers to prevent oxidation of the smelt. The final Rank A source category is commercial boiler firing waste oil containing chlorinated solvents. Approximately 20 million tons of RCRA wastes are disposed of in boilers annually. 205 Many of these wastes are chlorinated aromatics. Commercial size boilers account for about one third of this waste disposal. These boilers are less efficient that the larger industrial boilers and are more likely to produce products of incomplete combustion such as dioxins. The low stack heights and urban settings of these boilers also increase the human exposure risk. Table 4-8 presents the ranked source list. As discussed earlier, this ranking procedure is highly subjective. In order to help validate the ranked source list, ash screening tests will be conducted on Rank B and C source categories. The final ranking of B and C source categories may change depending on the results of the screening tests. The following section presents the development of the testing program which is based on the ranked source list. 49 TABLE 4-8. RANKED SOURCE CATEGORY LIST Rank A Source Categories Sewage Sludge Incinerators Black Liquor Boilers Commercial Boilers Rank B Source Categories PCP Sludge Incinerators Carbon Regeneration (Industrial) Charcoal Manufacturing Wire Reclamation Rank C Source Categories Wood Stoves Wood Boilers (PCP Treated) Mobile Sources Small Spreader Stoker Coal Boiler Hazardous Waste Incinerators Lime/Cement Kilns Cofired with Hazardous Wastes Rank D Source Categories MSW Incineration Industrial Boilers Cofiring Wastes Rank A - Large source categories (greater than 1 million tons of fuel and/or waste burned annually) with elevated dioxin precursor contamination of feed/fuel. These categories have the potential to emit TCDD and require further testing. Rank B - Small source categories (less than 1 million tons of fuel and/or waste burned annually) or source categories with limited dioxin precursor contamination of feed/fuel. These categories have the potential to emit TCDD and require further testing. Rank C - Source categories less likely to emit TCDD. Rank D - Source categories that have already been tested three or more times. 50 k 1 5.0 SAMPLING PLAN DEVELOPMENT The objective of this chapter is to develop a sampling plan that will provide data to better define the nature of the PCDD emissions problem, prior to the development of a sampling plan, some decision regarding the scope of study had to be reached. Data obtained from the literature review has shown that PCDD emissions from combustion sources have been studied for some time on a piecemeal basis. Various hypotheses have been advanced concerning dioxin emissions including the theory that PCDD's are a widespread contaminant from combustion processes. The Canadian Government has taken the position that MWC's and forest fires are the major combustion sources emitting PCDD's. With this diversity of opinions, there are several alternative options that could be pursued to fulfill the Tier 4 objectives. Each option has a different focus and attempts to address different aspects of the dioxin emissions issue. Four such options are considered during the sampling plan development. Option 1 : Take the Canadian position to be definitive and focus the Tier 4 efforts on MWC's and forest fires. Address the two prime questions: (1) Do 2,3,7,8-TCDD emissions at the concentration measured from MWC's pose an unreasonable risk to the public? (2) If so, what can be done to minimize the risk? The work would involve several items including reviewing the previous risk assessment methodology, testing additional MWC's, and sampling forest fires. Forest fires could be sampled by perhaps sampling the plume from an aircraft or by taking ash samples. In addition, if the risk was significant, a detailed evaluation of an incinerator would have to be conducted. This would include determining the effects of various furnace operating parameters and fine-tuning the control devices. Option 2 : Test the trace chemistry of fire hypothesis for all combustion source categories. This option would involve testing as many combustion source categories as possible. The main question to be addressed would be: Which combustion sources emit 2,3,7,8-TCDD to the atmosphere? 5A A reliable and relatively cheap technique would have to be developed to allow a representative number of the hundred's of different combustion source categories and subcategories to be tested. Analysis of ash samples may be a viable technique. Option 3 : Develop a theoretical or empirical model of the combustion processes that lead to dioxin formation. The modeling results will be used to address the question: Which combustion sources have the potential to emit 2,3,7,8-TCDD? It is unlikely that the model could address the follow-up question: At what concentrations? Any modeling effort would have to be validated by some source tests which covered the range of expected types and conditions of combustion sources. Option 4 : Select a reasonable number of source categories to source test based upon the available data provided by the literature review. Attempt to select the combustion source categories with the highest potential to emit TCDD's and concentrate the available resources on these. This option would attempt to address the questions: (1) Which combustion source categories emit significant 2,3,7,8-TCDD? (2) What range of concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD are emitted from the source categories? (3) What source characteristics (fuel type, combustion temperature, chlorine level, etc.) have the greatest effect on 2,3,7,8-TCDD emissions? Recommended Option: Option four (4) has been selected by OAQPS for the Tier 4 study because it has the potential to provide the most information to the dioxin task force. In addition, the Tier 4 Working Group has decided to collect and analyze ash samples for PCDD's. This information will be used to help select sources for stack testing and will help characterize sources that will not be stack tested. Maximum use will be made of the available emissions information and, in addition, a broad range of combustion source categories will be covered. With judicial source category selection based on the literature review and ash analysis, sufficient information should be available from the test program to determine which source characteristics have the most effect on PCDD emissions. Even though insufficient information would be available to develop empirical models, the available 52 results could then be extrapolated to other untested combustion source categories to estimate the relative magnitude of PCDD emissions from these. Option 1 was not selected because it was felt that this option was too narrow in scope. The literature review indicated that only 15 or so source categories had been tested out of the potentially hundreds of combustion source categories and subcategories. One of the objectives of the Tier 4 study was to better define the nature of the problem. In addition, a detailed study of several incinerators has been or is being conducted to ascertain how PCDD emissions from these sources can be minimized. Instead of duplicating this ongoing effort, the Tier 4 resources could be better allocated. Option 2 was not selected because it was too broad in scope. Option 3 was not selected because insufficient emissions information and source information are currently available to develop a model. The available data in the literature are very scanty and, in addition, the data were taken with various methods and at various levels of accuracy. Development of an empirical model that covered the range of combustion sources would require extensive sampling and data gathering at multiple sources and would require more resources that are currently available. 5.1 SELECTION OF NUMBER AND TYPE OF SAMPLES TO BE COLLECTED 5.1.1 Stack Testing The Tier 4 stack testing program will use the EPA/ASME protocol developed last January. This protocol is based on a modified Method 5 train and includes continuous monitoring of various stack parameters. A summary of the EPA/ASME protocol is shown in Table 5-1. This has been used to develop a preliminary cost estimate for sampling at a particulate site. Depending on the number of sampling trains used and the complexity of the test site, the cost per source tested will range between 570,000 and 5130,000. The following documents the costs and assumptions required for five sampling scenarios. Assumptions 1. Three samples will be collected during a 1-week test period (on-site). 53 TABLE 5-1. SUMMARY OF DRAFT EPA/ASME PROTOCOL AND COST ESTIMATES FOR SAMPLE COLLECTION Sampling procedures will be based on the draft EPA/ASME protocol requi rements. Three separate test runs Sample quantities will allow for initial analysis and archived samples Each source will be tested and includes the following samples: total gaseous and particulate stack emissions inlet/outlet of control devices grab samples of feed/fuel bottom ash grab samples ash or slurry from control devices Precombustion air Quench water effluent Soil Standard EPA Method 5 train, modified to incorporate a sorbent module containing XAD-2. Emissions characterization. Stack temperature Moisture content co2 , CO 0 , NOA , TYHC, SOA , Opacity Total particulates Continuous monitoring Estimated Costs Estimated sampling costs: $70,000 - $130,000 54 2. Three weeks are required for each test site. The full crew will not be on-site the entire 3 weeks. 3. The site is "test ready", with sample ports, power, and scaffolding present. 4. There will be two categories of sites (Table 5-2): Simple - no control devices; Complex - control devices present. 5. Three tests will be run per site. These will be approximately 8-hour tests. If the site is complex, that will include six actual modified method 5 trains (3 inlet, 3 outlet). 6. The testing must be limited to 8 hours. Since there is no guarantee that PCDD's will be present, bounds must be established in the testing. 7. There will be one or two audits over the complete testing period. The cost is amortized over the complete program. 8. Van cleanup is amortized over the complete program. 9. There are two types of reports costed: only a listing of test data with discussion, or a complete report including the analytical results. 10. The resin trays, filters, and filter holder used in the Method 5 train will have to be sent to the appropriate analytical laboratory. Their return during the program for reuse is unlikely. The cost of replacement trays are included as part of the testing costs. 11. If furan samples are to be archived, two trains must be run simultaneously at each sampling point. 12. Cost scenarios include: a. labor; b. travel; c. per diem; d. supplies; e. shipping; and f. miscellaneous (extra glassware, etc.). Based on these assumptions, five cost scenarios, have been developed. Table 5-3 presents the costs and descriptions of the scenarios. Given the testing budget, 10 sources can be tested. Obviously, this number of tests 55 TABLE 5-2. COMPLEX/SIMPLE SITE COMPARISON Modified Method 5 trains Personnel on-site Complex 3 inlet 3 outlet 7 Simple 3 outlet 5 56 Scenario 1 2 3 4 5 TABLE 5-3. COST SCENARIOS Cost 70,000 77,000 85,000 90,000 130,000 Remarks Simple site, report is listing of data Complex site, report is listing of data Simple site, complete report including sampling and analytical results. Complex site, complete report including sampling and analytical results. Complex site, double trains, complete report including sampling and analytical results. \ 57 would be inadequate to characterize all of the combustion source categories on the ranked listed. In addition, there is marked uncertainty with the absolute ranking results discussed earlier since the ranking procedures are largely subjective. 5.1.2 Ash Screening A tool to screen source categories during the Tier 4 program would be very beneficial to prevent wasting of limited resources. Because of the tight schedule, limited budget, and large number of combustion source categories and subcategories, any screening technique would need to be quick to perform, inexpensive, applicable to many sources, and would need to be a responsible indicator of TCDD emissions from a source category. Unfortunately, there are no proven screening techniques that can be used to estimate TCDD emissions from combustion sources. Two screening methods have been considered. These are (1) a PCDD precursor scan and PCDD scan of the fuel, and (2) a PCDD scan of ash samples. The fuel analysis method has several problems. Although fuel analysis is considered during ranking of source categories and is discussed at length in the literature review, this method does not consider the combustion conditions of the source. In addition, fuels are often heterogeneous and difficult to handle. On the other hand, ash analysis may have some merit as a screening tool and as an indicator of those source categories which should be stack tested using the EPA/ASME protocol. The following paragraphs discuss the validity of using ash screening instead of the stack testing. Use of ash samples for screening of combustion sources has several advantages. These include: (1) There is usually a significant quantity of easily accessible ash in the hoppers of the control devices on combustion sources. (2) The ash is usually homogeneous and can be readily extracted without a lot of preparation work. (3) Taking of ash samples does not require a lot of sampling equipment. (4) Ash supplies can be shipped easily. (5) An ash sample can be screened for PCDD's for S500-l,000. 58 L v. There are several disadvantages to using ash samples. These include: (1) The dioxin in the ash is not a true indicator of the dioxin emitted in the flue gas. One study has shown that PCDD's can be enriched on smaller particles. A large portion of the small particles is not captured by the control device but are emitted from the source. Another study showed that there was selective partitioning of homologs between the flue gas and the particulate matter (fly ash and bottom ash). In particular, TCDD's concentrated in the flue gas while the higher chlorinated homologs concentrated in the ash particulates. (2) Absence of TCDD's in the ash samples does not indicate absence of TCDD's in the flue gas. Table 5-4 shows flue gas and fly ash analyses for several MWC's where both types of samples were taken. The data do indicate that PCDD ash analysis could be*used as an relative indicator of the presence of TCDD emissions. However, the data trends show that the PCDD data could not be used for estimating TCDD emission rates from the sources screened. Despite the above mentioned disadvantages, ash sampling and analysis will be useful in the ranking process for combustion sources. However, to get maximum utility from the ash sampling and analysis, some additional source data should be obtained at the same time as the ash sample is collected. For example, source characteristics that should be collected include fuel type and degree of processing, the combustion conditions, and control device specifications including inlet and outlet temperatures so that a thermal history of the ash can be ascertained. 5.2 NUMBER OF SOURCES TO BE TESTED IN A PARTICULAR CATEGORY The number of sources to be tested within a source category should depend upon several factors including the intent of the testing, the number of sources previously tested, and the budget. Preliminary calculations were made to estimate how many sources within a source category would be needed to statistically characterize the average emissions from the source category within a given confidence interval. 59 TABLE 5-4. COMPARISONS OF FLUE GAS AND ESP ASH DIOXIN CONTENTS Reference 43 (U.S.A.) 24 (Italy #2) 24 (Italy #4) 86 (9 facilities) 49 (U.S.A.) 24 (Italy #3) 24 (Italy #6) 24 (Italy #5) 44 (Chicago) 114 (Ames) * Furnace Ash ND= None detected Stack (ng/m^) TCDD PCDD 240 189.2 70.9 57 20.14 19 19 9.9 6.3 ND 2,300 48,997 4,409 1,540 - 7,509 587.8 1,030 45.4 ND ESP Ash(ppb) TCDD PCDD 170 0.25 46.4 93 7.3 ND ND 0.7 . ND ND 800 599.8 3,535 2,056 - 7.32 5.9 0.9 ND ND 60 The MWC source category was chosen as an examol number of source tests for this category, and s ? * SlnC6 there are a Nation characteristics. Appendix B i l l u s t r a T ^ 1"9 U knWn about the popu jlculations show that to statistically c h a r / ! ^ Ca)cu,at1'"s made. The ca c a t e g o r y with a 95 percent confidence in te rv a l u 6nZe ^ MWC source required. Thirty-nine te sts are required i f ai'l *39 W0U,d be f,, the calculations. Fourteen te sts are r e J r J ! ! ! / V1'US te sts are sed a r e dropped from the ca lc u la tio n s . The MWC w ith J ! hl'9h and ,0W va,v has undergone m odifications and is being / 9h Va1ve (Z 40 "9/ra3) valve (NO) was fire d w ith refused derived f llfll 6 ^ ^ MWC With the low usea up on one source capteegror, yo." r a - * " -- 4 A reasonable number of source tests and screens should be performed with each source category to enable an estimate of the mean emissions to be ,-rade. The confidence intervals around these mean emissions should be fairly narrow to allow comparison between source categories. The confidence interval around a mean is given by: x S The size of the confidence interval, therefore, varies with the size of the sample (n) and the value of the t statistic. The size of the t value varies with the degrees of freedom (number of samples -1) and the confidence level chosen. Some example values of the t statistic are shown below. Number of Samples 2 3 4 5 t Statistic 95% C.I. 90% C.I. 12.706 6.314 4.303 2.920 3.182 2.353 1.96 2.645 61 Inspection of this table shows that beyond three samples, there are diminishing returns. Similarly, the effects of 1/ r r diminish beyond n=3. For these reasons, a sample size of three was suggested as optimal for the purpose of this study. Based on the Tier 4 budget and the number of source categories considered, three source tests per source category is considered practical. 5.3 SELECTION OF THE SOURCE TEST PLAN Several options were initially considered for the source test plan. These are shown in Table 5-5. These include (1) complete coverage (3 tests) of all listed sources, (2) broad coverage of all listed source categories, and (3) a recommended plan. Option 1 is not acceptable due to budget restraints. Option 2 does not provide any statistical significance for the results. Following review by the Tier 4 Working Group and after considering comments by the various regions, Option 3 was recommended along with ash screening. The recommended test plan including ash screening is shown in Table 5-6. The testing would be phased. Complete stack tests would be initiated in 1984 for sewage sludge incinerators, black liquor boilers, and commercial boilers cofiring wastes. A portion of the testing budget would be set aside for screening of the remaining B and C ranked sources and other source categories recommended by the regions. Three screening samples would be taken from each source under consideration, and a total of three sources within a source category would be sampled. Analysis of the samples (PCDD scan) could be conducted for $500-1,000 each, and therefore 10-20 source categories (9 samples each) could be screened for the cost of one complete stack test. Early in the testing program, State and regional offices will be asked to collect ash samples and source information from facilities selected for screening. Results of the screening test will be used to determine which of the Rank B or C sources warrant stack testing. Other sources suggested by State or regional offices with high PCDD levels in the ash will also be considered for stack testing. 62 TABLE 5-5. SOURCE TEST PLAN OPTIONS FOR STACK EMISSIONS Source Number of Recommended Tests Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Rank A Sources Sewage Sludge Incinerator Black Liquor Boilers Commercial Boilers Rank B Sources PCP Sludge Incinerator Carbon Regeneration (Industrial) Charcoal Manufacturing Wire Reclamation Rank C Sources * Mobile Sources Wood Stoves Wood Boilers (PCP Treated) Small Spreader Stoker Coal Boiler Hazardous Waste Incineration Lime/Cement Kilns (HW) Rank D Sources MSW Incineration Industrial Boilers Cofiring Wastes 2 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 3 2 1 0 TOTAL* 32 10 10 Option 1: Option 2: Option 3: Three test coverage of potential source categories. Single source coverage of potential source categories. Recommended stack test plan, focused on source categories with greatest potential. * $10K - allocated to EPA Environmental Science Research Laboratory in Research Triangle Park for emissions testing. Retest Hempstead. 63 TABLE 5-6. PHASED SOURCE TEST PLAN FOR STACK EMISSIONS INCLUDING ASH SCREENING Source Number of Recommended Tests Number 1984 1985 Screened Rank A Sources Sewage Sludge Incinerator 2 Black Liquor Boilers 3 Commercial Boilers 2 Rank B Sources PCP Sludge Incinerator Carbon Regeneration (Industrial) Charcoal Manufacturing Wire Reclamation Rank C Sources Mobile Sources a Wood Stoves Wood Boilers (PCP Treated) Small Spreader Stoker Coal Boiler Ie Hazardous Waste Incineration Lime/Cement Kilns (HW) Rank D Sources MSW Incineration*3 1 Industrial Boilers Cofiring Wastes Other Categories^ 2-3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 30 a 1OK - allocated to EPA Environmental Research Laboratory for emissions . testing. Retest Hempstead. S Expand sampling and analysis of IERL Cincinnati spreader stoker test.a Identified by screening, these could include categories listed in the table, or categories chosen by the States having the highest PCDD ash screening values. 64 A small spreader stoker is being tested in the near future by IERL. This test effort could be readily expanded to include PCDD sampling and analysis. This source category is included in the recommended plan. In addition, approximately $10,000 has been allocated to EPA Environmental Science Laboratory in Research Triangle Park to obtain samples for PCDD analysis of mobile sources. 5.4 SELECTION OF TYPES OF SAMPLES AND ANALYSIS The intent of the source testing is not only to provide an estimate of the amount of 2,3,7,8-TCDD emissions from a given source, but is also to gather additional data about the source to determine if PCDD emitted from the source has contaminated its surroundings. In addition to stack samples, water and soil samples will be collected. Ash samples will also be collected and used to determine the levels of TCDD's in the solid wastes. Comparison of the ash analyses to the flue gas analyses will allow the validity of the ash screening tool to be checked. Table 5-7 summarizes the types of samples and analyses recommended for each source test. The analyses of these samples will include the tetra and above dioxin homologs as well as 2,3,7,8-TCDD. Analysis for furans homologs is also included. Sufficient sample will be taken to allow archiving of samples for future PCDF analysis when additional resources become ava ~ fuel/feed samples will also be analyzed for PCB's, total chlorinated phenols, and chlorinated benzenes, since thes,, __ ,_____ _______ precursors of PCDD's. Input Samples. Precombustion air will be sampled at sources where air contamination may be a factor in stack emissions. Heavily industrialized areas may have high concentrations of precursors or dioxin in the background air. For example, when testing a PCP sludge incinerator located at a wood preserving facility, precombustion air should be analyzed for chlorinated phenols. The decision to test precombustion air will be made during a pretest survey. If collected, precombustion air samples will be analyzed for PCDD's, PCB's, chlorinated phenols, chlorinated benzenes, and total organic chlorine (T0C1). 65 TABLE 5-7. RECOMMENDED SAMPLING AND ANALYSES Sample Inputs Precombustlon Air Feed/Fuel Outputs Stack (before control) Method XAD-2 Grab (every 4 hours) MM5T Stack (after control) MM5T Bottom Ash Ash from Control Device Quench Water Effluent Other Soil Grab (every 4 hours) Grab (every 4 hours) Grab (every 4 hours) Boring Recoimtended (Samples/Day) 0-lb Dally Composite 2 trains -Back half daily composite -Condenser rinse -Adsorbent resin -Front half daily composite -cyclone catch -filter -probe rinse 2 trains -Back half daily composite -Condenser rinse -Adsorbent resin -Front half daily composite -fi1Ler catch -probe rinse Daily Composite Daily Composite Daily Composite 1 Composite bBased on 3 sampling days. Sanmle to be collected If there Is a source of precursors in area. Reconnended Analyses Total Samples3 for Analysis 2,3,7,8-TCDD, Homologs, PCBs, TOCL, Cl-phenols, Cl-Benzenes PCDD Scan, Cl-phenols, Cl-benzenes PCBs, TOCL 2,3,7,8-TCDD, Homologs ib 3C 6 2,3,7,B-TCUU, Homolugs 6 2,3,7,8-TCDD, Homologs 2,3,7,8-TCDD, Homologs 2,3,7,8-TCDD, Homologs 2,3,7,8-TCDD, Homologs 3 3 3 TOTAL 1 26 During stack testing, fuel/feed samples will be collected every four hours and composited daily. These samples will be analyzed for total PCDD's, chlorinated phenols, chlorinated benzenes, PCB's, and T0C1. The sampling contractor will be responsible for analyzing the sample. Output Samples. Stack samples will be taken before and after control devices. The stacks will be sampled using the EPA/ASME sampling protocol with an EPA modified Method 5 train. Daily gaseous and particulate samples will be composited separately. Grab samples of control device ash, bottom ash, and quench water will be collected every 4 hours and composited daily. All output samples will be sent to a centralized laboratory and analyzed for 2,3,7,8-TCDD, dioxin homologs (and furan homologs). Environmental Samples. Soil borings will be collected at the source facility around ash handling and fuel storage areas. Composite samples will be sent to a centralized laboratory and analyzed for 2,3,7,8-TCDD, dioxin homologs, and furan homologs. This data will provide some historic information on PCDD deposition at the facility. When a facility has been located that emits high levels of TCDD's, ambient air samples will be taken around the facility and at the point of maximum plume impact. These samples will be analyzed for 2,3,7,8-TCDD, dioxin homologs, and fural homologs. This data will be useful in determining the extent of dioxin contamination and in risk assessments. 5.5 TIER 4 FINAL REPORT At the conclusion of the Tier 4 testing program, OAQPS will submit a final report to the Dioxin Task Force and to Congress. Table 5-8 presents a recommended outline for the Tier 4 final report. This report will summarize j the literature review and results of the testing program and recommend { options to reduce the emissions of PCDD's from combustion sources. fi 67 i I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. Vili. TABLE 5-8. TIER 4 FINAL REPORT OUTLINE Executive Summary Recommendations Introduction A. Background B. Objectives C. Methodology Literature Survey A. Summary of Available Data B. Postulated Formation Mechanisms C. Factors Effecting Dioxin Emissions D. Risk Assessments E. Planned or Ongoing Work Tier 4 Testing Program A. Source Test Plan B. Screening Test Results C. Stack Test Results D. Data Evaluation 1. New ranked list 2. Factors effecting dioxin emissions 3. Validity of screening tests Risk Assessment A. Review of Sampling and Analysis Methodology B. Worse Case Risk Assessment Minimizing Risk A. Evaluation of Control Devices B. Operation and Maintenance Procedures Data Gaps 68 6.0 MODELING PCDD EMISSIONS FROM COMBUSTION SOURCES During the development of the Tier 4 testing program, two modeling tasks were proposed. The first task was to use a standard gaussian dispersion model to determine the relative impact of generic source groups. The second proposed task was to develop a mechanistic model to determine operational parameters that affect dioxin emissions and to predict worse case sources. The following two sections present discussions relevant to these tasks. 6.1 DISPERSION MODELING OF GENERIC SOURCE GROUPS The original proposed task involved the use of a standard gaussian dispersion model to calculate maximum ambient 2,3,7,8-TCDD hourly concentrations resulting from combustion source emissions. These models were to be run with "constructed" source strengths and generic source groups. This analysis would be for the purpose of establishing relative source impacts and priority determinations relative to some sensitivity level. This task was to be done only if sufficient data was available. Several problems arise when extrapolating results from generic source group modeling to specific combustion sources. First of all, generic groups would be based on source characteristics such as stack height, gas flow rate, gas temperature, source density, and source geometry. Characteristics used to group sources identified in the literature include combustion conditions and fuel composition. The variability in modeling parameters of sources identified in Section 4.0 would produce vague modeling results. In addition, "constructed" source strengths would have to show the variability within a source category and the variability within a single source. For example, the levels of TCDD's detected in six MWCs in the U. S. 3 range from ND to 240 ng/m . Other tested sources do not have enough data to provide an accurate range of emissions. Variability from day to day at a single source would depend on several factors including fuel composition and operation conditions and would be expected to be large. There is insufficient data to provide statistically sound emissions data base for a modeling effort. 69 Finally, results of dispersion modeling are very sensitive to modeling parameters. Gschwandtner et aj_ discuss the sensitivity of three models 'I (PAL, RAM, and ISC-ST) to variations in receptor grid spacing, emissions f 1 release height, area source size, and source type. 204 Each of these parameters was varied, while other modeling parameters were held constant. Figure 6-1 illustrates the affects stack height. Changes of 20-30 feet will change the location of the point of maximum impact and will change the TCDD concentration at this point. Differences between models depends on how each model calculates wind speed as a function of height and whether or not I( the stack is above the wind speed measurement height. Figure 6-2a shows the effect of area source size or maximum concentrations using PAL. Point source emissions produce the maximum plume impact. Figure 6-2b shows significantly different results for the RAM model. In this case, the area source produces the greatest impact. This is because the RAM model assumes no pollution dispersion in the crosswind ji direction. This model should never be used to model an area source as a point source. As shown in the previous discussion, generic grouping and constructed source strengths would produce unreliable modeling results. Extrapolating these results to specific sources would prove to be useless when attempting to establish relative source impacts. 6.2 EMPIRICAL MECHANISTIC MODELING OF PCDD EMISSIONS [To be provided later] i * k aaiirsSi B i 71 a : PAL Model b: RAM Model Figure 6-2. Effects of source size on plume dispersion. 72 APPENDIX A: DIOXIN DATA BASE Page No. Key to Abbreviations............ .............................. A-2 Hazardous Waste Incinerators ................................... A-3 Accidental PCB F i r e s ........................................... A-7 Domestic Sources ............................................... A-ll Fossil Fuel Combustion.................................... A-15 Automobile Emissions........................................... A-19 Wire Reclamation Incinerators................ A-23 Thermal Activated Carbon Regeneration............ A-27 Sewage Sludge Incinerators ............ . . . . . . . ........ A-31 Boilers Cofiring Wastes.............. A-35 Experimental S t u d i e s.......................... A-43 Municipal Waste Combustors ..................................... A-59 A-l References listed with KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS are not cleared for public use. dscm ESP FA FG 9 GC GS HRGC HRMS M3 MM5T MS N/A ND ng NM3 ppb ppm ppr Mg Dry Standard Cubic Meter Electrostatic Precipitator Fly Ash Flue Gas Gram Gas Chromatography Grab Sample High Resolution Gas Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrophotometry Cubic Meter Modified Method 5 Train Mass Spectrophotomer Not Available None Detected Nanogram Normal Cubic Meter Parts Per Billion Parts Per Million Parts per Trillion Micrograms Data Rating: Good (G): FG Sampling by MM5T (or similar train), and analysis by GC/MS, and complete data. Poor (P): Inappropriate sampling or analysis methodology. Incomplete (I): Incomplete data on methodology. Lack of detection limits when ND is recorded. , ......uz r.*z*te incineeatces :sc 4 2 r - a? *s: #i *s: *31 *81 *3! *31 *31 *91 *81 SI *31 *3; *8 ! *81 *81 *31 *8 : *31 *31 *81 *=1 *51 *31 50 50 90 ?0 *99 *99 109 109 109 Hi Hi 1*U*** m tla iii 115 116 lie Ha Ha SCLFCE 'Y"E HEMES' KILNS Ha INCINERATORS rife* INCINERATORS .-x :-;::se=at:e3 h* incinerators Hfe INCINEEA'OFS Hfe INCINERA'IiRS Hfe INCINERATORS Hfe IHCINERATCRS Hfe :m::\E=ATMS Hfe INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS Hfe incinerates itinerates Hfe INCINERATORS HK INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS Hk INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS HK INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS HH INCINERATORS HK INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS HH INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERA'GRS HH INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS Hfe INCINERATORS FACILITY Sir. Juan Ceaer.t, Puerto Rico N/7 vulcanus M/T Volcanos JH Huber Carp. *.225, OH RC33, CM Ress, OH Ess5. OH Abet, SC Abco, SC Abes, SC Abes, SC Uajoh.t. TI lipishn, TX L'pjsr.n, TX Upjohn, IX ic.Cyanaaic, fev Ar.Cyinaiid, aiV Aa.Cysnasid, feV As.Cyanasid, KV Mitchell, NC Mitchell, NC Mitchell, NC Kitchell, NC DuPont, LA DuPont, LA DuPont, LA DuPont, LA ' M/T Vulcar.us M/T Vulcanus M/T Vulcanus M/T Vulcanus NJ NJ Los Alaeos Pilot Study Las Alaacs Pilot Study Los A!aacs Pilot Study Ensco, El Doradc, ARK Enscc, El Doradc, ARK Ensco, Ei Dorado, ARK Ensco, EI Doradc, ARK Ensco, EI Dorado, ARK Rollins, Sear Park, TX Rollins, Dear Part, TX Rollins. Dear Part. TX Rollins, Bear Part, TX Roil:ns, Bear Part, TX Rollins, Dear Park, TX scorch c-;ea:t. 1230 C. RT = I.S sac Incinerator Ship 17/77 - 5/77' incinerator Shi; (7/77 - 2/77> PCS rv-olysis -COCO C! Rotary Kii" Sotarv Kiln Rotary Kilr. Rotary Kiln 2 Stage Boiler 2 Stage Boiler 2 Stags Bciler 2 Stage Boiler Hsri:. Cyl. Thercal Cxidizsr Her::. Cyl. The-aal C::d::sr hsri:. Cyl. Thercal 0x;di:sr Horiz. Cyl. Thercal 0::::::er 2 Chanters 2 Charters 2 Chaabers 2 Chaabers Liquid Injeccicn Liquid Injection Liquid Injection Liquid Injsct:or. Rotary K:ln/Liqu;d Injection Rotarv Kiir./Liquid inject!or. Rctary Kiln/Liquid Injectiar. Rocary Kiir/L:qu:d Injection 1600C, RT=1.35, 13/82) 1600C, RT=1.35, iS/S2i leOOC, RM.35, (8/82) 100C, P.T=I.35, (8/821 Rotary Kiln *12000 Rotary Kiln (12000 Controlled Air Incineration (13700 Centralled Air Incineration (13700 Controlled Air Incineration (13700 Rctary Kiln with Afterburner (1200 0 Rotary Kiln Kith Afterburner (1200 CJ Rotary Kiln Kith Afterburner (1200 CJ Rotary Kiln Kith Afterburner (1200 0 Rotary Kiln with Afterburner (1200 O Rotary Kiln with A;terburner (1200 Ci Rotary Kiln Kite Afterburner (1200 Ci Rotary Kiln Kith Afterburner (1200 C) Rotary Kiln with Afterburner (1200 Cl Rotary Kiln Kith Afterburner U20C Ci Rotary Kiln Kith Afterburner (1200 C) EEF ?5nCCE32E5 zkY.-^i KE7HE3 SAfL2 Xu. extraction . Stair 7 stack 7 ifiid =7 Staci: >E1 -- E: -- *=i Stack *E; Stalk *2: -- *ri -- >21 Stack *31 Stack *s: -- * 2: -- >2: Eta:;: >21 Stack >21 -- >31 -- *21 Stack *31 Stack *21 -- *31 -- *31 Stack *21 stack *21 -- *31 -- *31 Stack *31 Stack 90 Stack 90 Stack 9v -- 90 -- *99 Stack *99 Stack 109 Stack 109 Scrubber 109 Furnace 116 Stack 116 Stack 11c Stack 11s Stack 116 Stack 116 Stack 116 Stack 116 Stack 11s Stack 11= Stack 116 Stscr ?5 FA/F3 F3/FA Feed Feed FS/FA r s/=A Fee: Fee: FS/FA FS/FA Fas: Fas: FS/FA FS/FA raec Feed FS/FA FS/FA Feed read FS/FA ' FS/FA Feed Feed FS/FA FS/Ffi FS FS Feed Feed FA/FS FA/FB FS/FA Liquid Ash FS F6 FG FS FS FS FS FS FS FS FS " 51 Zl'T ss HK5T SS cc " " 57 SS 2S KM.57 " 7 SS S3 " " 57 MM57 SS SS Kti57 K57 SS S3 Hits: HH5' SS S3 57 57 57 57 S3 S3 57 57 57 S3 S3 57 51 57 51 5T K57 57 57 57 57 57 4 Easelss 12 says / 6 KSEka 13 days / 6 'asks 4 tests N/A /A N/A m N/A N/A /A N/A N/A N/A N/A X/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A K/A N/A N/A N/A 10 Tests/13 Days 10 Tests/13 Days 10 Tests/13 Days 10 Tests/13 Days 3 nuns 3 Suns N/A N/A N/A 4 Hours 4 Hours 4 Hours 4 Hours 4 Hours 4 Hours 4 Hours 4 Hours 4 Hours 4 Hours 4 Hours Soxhlet/Eencece Basic Extraction Bas:: Extraction N/A So::hiBt/E:ri\isnc Cnlcride Soxii 1st/ethylene Chlorids Scxh!e t/ethylene Chloride Soxklst/KechylEne Cnloride SouhIi/ethylene Chloride Scxklet/Methylene Chloride Scxhiet/Methylene Chlorids Soxhle t/ethyl are Chloride Scxhlet/Hethyiens Chloride Eoxhlet/ethylene Chiortds Ecxhlei/Ksthylana Cnio-ice Soxh ie r/ethylene Chloride Ssxhiet/Meihylene Chicriae Sorhiet/Hsthylene Chloride Soxhiet/ethylens Chloride Soxhist/Methylens Chlorids Saxhiet/Keifcyiene Chloride Sexhlet/Hethylens Chloride Scxhlst/Xethylene Chlcide Scxhlst/Methylsne Chloride Eoxh1et/Metny1ens Chloride Scxfsiet/ethylene Chloride SosMei/Hethyler.e Chloride Soshlet/Kethylene Chloride Sorhlet/Hexane Soxhlet/Herane Sozhlet/Hexane Soxhlet/Hezane N/A N/A Soxhiet/Toluens Soxhlst/Tcluene Soxhiet/Toluene Sczhlet/Benzene Soxhlet/Bencene Soxhiet/BenzeriE Soxhlet/Benzfine Soxhlet/Benzene Scxnlet/Benzene Sozhlet/Benzene Sczhlet/Benzene Soxhlet/Eencens Scxhiet/Bencer.e SoxMet/Benzene ANALYSIS SC/M2 SC/SS c"/c (fV * h 2C/MS SC-'ME 2C/MS EC.'5 EC/MS 3C/M5 SC/MS GC/HS BC/MS SC/3 GC/HS SC/MS SC/MS SC/KS EC/HS SC/M.S GC/HS SC/MS GC/HS sc/s SC/MS SC/MS SC/KS SC/MS SC/MS GC/HRNS SC/KRMS SC/HRHS SC/HRKS GC/HS SC/MS BC/MS SC/MS GC/HS SC/HRKS SC/HRHS SC/HRKS GC/HRHS SC/HRHS SC/HRHS SC/HRHS SC/HRHS SC/HRHS SC/HRHS SC/HRHS hfilfiSDOl? fefi3" INdNE-ATOP: 5EF * DETECTION LiiilT: 14.9 ng.-s; 5 N/A * C.2 ppi 0,5 ug/r: : .N/A fSi N/A *31 N/A *21 N/A *31 N."A *31 N/A *81 N/A *S1 N/A *31 N/A *3L N/A *61 X A *31 m *31 N/A *51 N/A *31 N/A ' *31 N/A *31 N/A *ei m *31 N/A *21 N/A *3; N/A *31 N/A *31 N/A *b: N/A 90 N/A =0 N/A , 90 N/A =0 N/A *99 N/A *92 N/A 10? N/A 10? N/A . 109 N/A 116 .C7 nc life .2 ng 116 .6 6 r.g 116 0.5 ng life 0.45 ng 116 0.4 ng 116 0.3 n 116 (0.48) ng I5 f0.9i ng life .9 ns 116 0.5 r.gA IC?<in PCDD/FCDF TCDD T2DC PCDD/PCEF TCjD tc:f t:ds 7C0F 7232 T2SF TCDD T2DF T232 ICDF 7230 TCDF TCDD TCDF T2DD TCDF T2DD TCDF 1200 TCDF TCDD TCDF TCDD TCDF TCDD TCDF TCDD TCDF 2,3,7,S TCDD PC02 PCM/PCS? FCBD/PC3F PCDD/PCSF TCDD TCDF TCDD TCDF TCDD TCDD TCDF TCDD TCSTCDD TCDD ISO/EE 2G:;C. NO NO 0.95 pcs BO ND NO NO NO Ostsstsd Detected 15 ng/*3 40 ng/a3 ND Dstactsd MO fe.S ng/s3 NS ND ND NDND Detected ND 0.7 ng/s3 ND ND ND ND ND 47.5 ng/g ND N/A ND ND - 365 ng ND ND ND .072 ng/N23 0.56 ng/Ns3 0.171 ng/Ns3 2.14 ng/Na3 ND 2.4a ng/Na3 4.22 ng/Ns3 0.645 r.g/NcT 10 ng/Na3 ND 0.741 ng/Ns3 DATA vArlAilLi; "ECupeofe N/A N/fi NO - 2.4 ppc N/A N/A N/A N/fi N/A N;fi N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N'fi N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/fi N/A N/fi N/A N/fi N/A N/fi N/A N/A 25 - 30 ng/g N/A 0.3-3 ng/a3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N;A N/A N/h N/fi N/A N/A N/A Phars.Basis*{122:1j Hsrbi:ics ,ri'.:E r.sr:c::= Or=-qs FCEs Lis Or; t.C2-s.2ICij Liq urg i.il-i.ZlZl) L:q Or; .02-.222:) Li: Or5 ;,v2".`-Cii Li: Or: (.-6.6221) Lie Grg i.4-6.XIIi Liq Org i.A-fe.cSCIi Liq Org (.4-6.6221) Liq/Sasscus {21201) Liq/uasscus (Z12C1i Liq/Sasssus (212C1 Lip/Sasecus (21221 Ansiins Bast)0.15221J Ana-ins iisst:0.15-CI; Analine Nast10.15ZC2/ Analine feast;.0.I52CI) Liq Orgi.4-1221; L:q Qrgi.4-1221) Liq Qrq(.4-1221; Liq Grgi.4-1221) Liq/3ci(.05-16221) Liq/Sel 1.05-162CU Liq/Scl(.05-16221) L:q/Soii.05-16221) PCS-Cant. easts rCO-Cort. feasts PCB-Cont. waste FCS-Csnt. feasts Silver Herb:::is Silver Herbicide PCP Trsatsd *zzz PC? Treats: cud PC? Treated Bsc-: feasts Chs2i:a:s Basts Chesicais feasts Ciiss Plus F23s Basts Chea Plus PCas PCBs Pius Fuel Oil feasts Eheaicals feasts Cnssicals feasts Chen Pius PCSs feasts Chsa Plus PCSs PErs Plus rusi Oil FCSs Plus Fusi 0:1 A-5 V * SA-PJSS GSEA^ZATli T v 5 *51 fSl *81 *31 *1 *31 *81 *8 ! *51 tSl *51 *51 *31 *8 * *51 *51 *s: *3l *E1 *51 *51 *S1 *51 *el 50 50 50 rV*i *5? *99 105 10? 1'y 11; li li li li li li li li li li Mor.sarito Rssear:*. Cer: TR*i, In:. TRi, In':. Radiar. Csrp. R: Rl KS: MR: t.i.l7 me: *Rl m m wet itCT fR: MiC'oT JJfrT .wt*4e:4 !F MR! Mr.! MRI MSI mr: MRI MR! MRI TRa Tris TRi Trt Roy F. testen Soy F. testar. Los Alasos Nat. Lab Los lasos fat. Lab. Los Alases Nal. Lab TR/right St. U. Tfi/Kright St. U. TRii/iright St. U. TRH/iiright St. . TRK/Hright St. U. TRH/Hright St. . TR/Brigfit St. . TRbVright St. li. TRis/tright St. U. TRR/Uright St. 'J. TaS/i-ight St. . =cb f;; V * EGSCE *:=E 4= ACCIDENTAL FISE 4 ACCIDENTAL FIAS 45 ACCIDENTAL .-IRE r * ACCIDENTAL FIES 54 ACCIDENTA. prez 54 ACCIDENTA: rTRE 54 ACCIDENTAL FISE 54 ACCIDENTAL FISE 79 ACCIDENTAL FISE 7? ACCIDENTA. FISE 75 ACCIDENTAL FISE 7= ACCIDENTAL FIRE 79 ACCIDENTAL FISE ACCIDENTAL FISE 9; ACCIDENTAL FISE 95 ACCIDENTAL FISE 95 ACCIDENTAL FISE 55 ACCIDENTAL FISE 95 ACCIDENTAL FISE 55 ACCIDENTAL FISE 95 ACCIDENTAL FISE 95 ACCIDENTAL FISE 107 ACCIDENTAL FISE 107 ACCIDENTAL FISE -ACILITY N.Y. Stats Transferssr N.Y. Stats Transformer N.Y. State Transforssr Stcckhe'.o, Sweden Siocknels. Sweden Stockholm, Sweden SicckhoU, Sweden Stcckncio, Sweden San Fransisen San Fransisee San Fransisco San Fransieco San Fransiscs Chicago Skccds, Sweden Skoude, Sweden Sfcoude. Sweden Skcude, Sweden Sicoude, Sweden Skoode. Sweden Skouds, Sweden Skcude, Sweden Binghamton, N'Y Sinotieoion, NY EGIiFCE CHAr.ACT. m S/A m T-ans-or:er Staricn i?7S) Transferee: Statico I97S: T.-sosiorasr Station 19T; Transforeer Static: !19?S. Transforzer Station 197SI PCS Transferee: PCS Transferee: PCS Transforasr PCS Transformer PCS Transferee: PCS Transferer Cacacitor Battery Fire Capacitor Battery firs Capacitor Sattery Fire Capacitor Battery Firs Capacitor Sattery Fire Capacitor Battery Fire Capacitor Battsry FirsCapacitor Sattery Fire Office Building (Feb. 193!) Office Suiiding (Feb. 19SI --i A-7 fflf. 1 t pi ,nr '-ZZ p r fiST-Gj SAHPLi Niifi. EXTRACTION AiiAlYSi: f 2 */pw*' Licei5 ftps is/4 N/A fi/fi Ilf' 2 Capseiicr 5C2t 3S N/A :.VA N/A If 43 Gacae/Hall Liquid Kips N'fi K/fi N/A II 54 Intact Cap Liquid SS fl'S CW"tAT *T.p- :- -r ^r--rP .PIM J JC N/A 1 54 Cr Sr.- 2a: L:cuii era:me N;A hstarss Hera^e jtCV2Jig GC/NS SC/.'fS SC/JIS 1 54 Fetes Ash Scraping V'A If 54 Pins Nse/. Ash S3 N/A 1 74 K!~ Ltcui- S3 S7 A \ ?? rrft Lieu:: ?c W/A : 7? ifi/A Sc:: HipS K/fi 1i 7? N/A Hips N/A 1f 7? f:/A Scst KipS K/fi Hasans Hexans K/fi K/fi N/A N/A N/A SC.T5 SC/fiS N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A i 7? Si/A hips H/A II 95 In ?:-s Hips Tests K/A !/A N/A N/A nMrPt.*ArA/i.s Jji 95 In Firs SC3t Hips Tests N/A N/A HSSC/RS lij 95 In Firs Sect Wipe Tests N/A N/A HFSC/fiS ij; 95 Near Fi-e Sect 14:pe Tests N/A N/A HRSC/liS c5 Near Firs Sect Vipe Tssts K/A N/A HrSC/ilS 1' 95 Near Firs See* Hips Tests N/A N/A HRSC/NS 1' 95 iiailCr; Sect Hips Tests N/A N/A HSEC/iiE | 95 SsrchilOs) Sect Hips Tssts N/A N/A HRSC/1S I1 IC-7 Transfers. CWrWitb Scraping 2 fleers, 2 reel:. SoxkJet/Ber.2 ene EC/NS 11 07 Transfer?. Scraping 2 fleers. 2 rspli. Sexnlei/Benzene SC/KS ,1 j A-8 <-r*r 'r.Tf"; r*--~Z s E7 557111 ' K 7: 4E N/A N/A K/h 54 N/A C* fi/r. 54 n / a 54 N/A 54 N/A 7? m 75 Ufa f" N/A 75 N/A 75 N:A 75 N/A K/fi 55 N/A 5* N/A 55 M/fl 55 M/A 55 M/A 55 N/A z~ N/A IC1 N/A 07 N/A 7CDD 2.3.7,5 T " R riUrLn-r PCOr FCDF orr.r PCDr pf'"^ J*"C tcdd TEDF 7CDD 2,3,7,a er: rCDD/PCOF rfrc -1 "! ; !-- Ti-'-nr-. 7CDD PCD8 2,3,7,S TC20 7CD5 PCS PCBD ?CD3 2.3,7,3 TCDD ,,.',3 7J)F ISOMER CCNC. N/A 1.2 n; N/A N/A 73 pps N/A ND ND AVi if*^7/ |pii ND 28.5 ppo 0.324 ppc 0.035 ppo N2 2C n:/a2 100 r,q/a2 213 nc/a2 100 nq/s2 00 nq!s2 873 nq/s2 ND ND 2.85 ppa 155 ppa 'ATA VAP.IA3I.I7Y pt*c *** 30 - SCO pc N/A 20 - 400 p.2 .5 - 1.; pp* N/A 27 - 32 pps N/A N.-A M;A N/A N/A N/A M/S N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 120 - 270 ppfi ?p r = prSs PEEs PCS'3 rCSs ?CBa cC5s PCS 3 FCSs FC3s rCSs PCSs PCSs PCS 5 PCS 5 FCs PCBs PCSs PCSs rCSs PCSs PCSs PCSs, Chlor. Senzenss PCSs, Chlor. Benzenss A-9 REF * 5AHFL r *Z GRSRirfiTIG'i RATI <2 K,,V . S t S^k*Cm Jp e r H e a l t h 48 H. y . t c S e p t . o f H e a l t h I T 42 N,. v . S t a t e D e p i . e r H e a l t h T 54 N a t ., S&ed 1ST: E m . P r o t . B o a r d ] 54 N at,. E s s t * s r j V E r s t . B o a r d 7 34 N a t . S it-': sr. P ro t. Board r j Nat,. Site: U r E m . r r s t . Board 54 h a t . , Sited:is ti P rot. Board ? N/A T 1 T T 7? N/ T 7F N/fi T 79 M/A I 79 N/A 1 7? K/fi I 93 r>: v . e t J c e a , Steeden 95 IV. 5* S u a d e n 95 n i v . T L a e a ,, S x e c e n 95 L h i v . 2T 8S r S u a d e n 95 Uni v . n f U se a ,, S x e d e n 6 g s 95 Ur : v . a i U e e a , S p e s e n s I 95 L'niv, Dr U re a , S x e d e n * 95 L'r:v. o r e e a . S a e d e n T :07 NV S t a t e ;? Nv' S t a t e 5 5 ft-10 ,1 MlM All :cr=*:c solsces SGJF.ZE T-FS 31 DOMES7!: :i DCSE3TIC 3! DOMESTIC Tw* DOMESTIC DOMESTIC 31 DOMESTIC 31 DOMESTIC 31 DOMESTIC 3! DOMESTIC 31 DOMESTIC 31 DOMESTIC 31 COMEETIC 3; DOMESTIC 3! DOMESTIC 33 domes::: 33 DOMESTIC 33 DOMESTIC S3 DOMESTIC S3 DOMESTIC S3 DOMESTIC S3 DOMESTIC S3 DOMESTIC 33 DOMESTIC S3 DOMESTIC S3 DOMESTIC 33 DOMESTIC S3 DOMESTIC FACILITY H/A fi/fi N/A N/fl N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Caps Zci, MA Caps Cod, MA Caps Cod, MA Cape Cod, MA Cape Cod, MA Cape Cod, MA ' Cape Cod, MA Cape Cod, MA Midland, Mich. Midland, Hirh. Midland, Ni:h. Midland. Mich. Midland, Mich. SCliECE CHAEACT, 05 yr rid Firsplace 23 yr cl: Firs?!ace 25 yr old Fireplace 25 yr old Fireplace 25 yr old Fireplace 12 yr old Fire-place 12 yr old Fireplace 12 yr old Fireplace 12 yr old Fireplace Natural Gas Furnace Natural Sas Furnace Natural Sas Furnace Natural Sas Furnace Natural Sas Furnace m N-'ft N/A N/A N/A m N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A H/A N/A .1, -:r..-,,zzzz3 SVFtE ME7;.CG :: c-imkey 3; CHIOS' 31 CmIRNE" 31 CHIRM? Z CKlrNSv 31 CK-tttY 3: CHIMNEY :i chimney 31 CHIMNEY w -" 31 ESP 31 ESP 31 ES? 31 Ear E3 F;us r::e 23 flue r::= S3 Flue Pipe 3 Flue Pipe E3 Flue Pipe 53 Flue Pips S3 Fius Pips 33 Fiue rips 33 Chianey 3 Chicnsy S3 Chianey 33 Chianey S3 Chaney A3? ASh AS* ASM ASri ;=n ASh ASH fiH Ffi FA FA FA FA FA FA FA FA Ffi FA FA FA FA FA FA FA FA SCRANNE SCr.ArIKS SCRAFINc SCP.AFN3 SCF.AFIKS SCRANNE 5GRAPHS SCRfiFINS EGRA0INE 33 53 55 SS SS SS SS SS S3 S3 SS S3 SS SE S3 SS SS 63 5AMFLS U & . N'A K/A f(;A N.-A UtA N/A N/A N'A K/A K/A K/A K/A K/A K/A K/A 1/A N/A N/A N/A K/A N/A K/A N/A K/A N/A K/A N/A EXTRACTION N/A N/A K/A N/A N/A N/P N/H S/A K/A N/A N/fi N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A K/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/fi ASA-Y3IS SC/MS SC/MS SC/Ki 3/ME SC/MS g:/me GC/EC SC/EC SC/EG SC/MS SC/MS 3C/MS GC/ME SC/MS 5G/ME SG/MS SC/RS SG/MS SC/MS 'SG/MS SC/MS SC/RS SC/MS SG/MS SC/MS SC/MS SG/MS A-12  r % SCJSOS " ": FOSEU 3: FOSSIL -SSL V*- FOSSIL FUEL * i FOSSIL.FUEL +* FOSSIL FUEL T' zrzz" r:-: ".e:*' rt ; 44 F3SSIL rEL 44 FOSSIL FUEL 44 z*cz~T rur' -*r FSrSIL FLrl 44 *m- r^i*. 44 FOSSIL FJSL 4 FOSSIL FUS 44 FOSS:- FUEL FOSSIL rL`Ei. 44 FOSSIL FUEL 44 FOSSIL FUEL 47 FOSSIL FUEL 62 FOSSIL FuSL FA O I-IT N-A Midime "ich. Mielni "ich. Midland Mich. Midland Mich. Midland Mich. i7 CcaU-irsc Ltiliiy Flanes 17. Ccai-f:rae Utiliiv "Unta \Ti Ceal-firs: Utility "Unta C Cea--ire: Utility FU'te ?'. Caal-firse Utility Plants 71 Ccsl-f:rs*d Utility Plants 17; Ceal--ired Utility Plants 7) Osai-f:ret Utility riants i^ Ceai-firee Utility -Unta 7: _eai-nr=d uti.itv riants !7 Ooa-fired Utility Pianta ;7; Seal-firad Utility Pianta LUSM/A s:u=:s c-4=>::. Ora F l a n : Paws: r.cas Pesr ecas Fewer heuss Pesar hc*aas Feas- hcaaa Larca PC rciUr Larca FO 5c:!sr Lares PC BeiUr Larca PC BeiUr Larga PC BeileLarga -C Se:Ur Larga PC Seiler Largs PC Sellar La-ge PC Seiler Lares FC BeiUr Largs PC Beilsr Largs PC BeiUr K/A One riant A -- 15 ^ + GArLIhG Cr.GAh'I'":TM =A7i:;e :: De*. pi. 1 ? Do* L B i Z s l = 3 31 D:k ChESiZsl 7^ De* Cherirsl y * j ! Os Chrirai 3j Dr* Chrirai S 2 Do* Checira: 3 DCrt Chsiirai 71 Do* Chenei 71 D:w Cresiral \ LOli Chesirai 31 DOn Cheaicai 3 U 5 S 31 71 Boti Chrical CSK Chrirai "T Chrirai G G 8 S3 E-: Chrical 3 D:h Chrirai g aK S3 Dow Chrical s: 2dm ahssirai 5 g 33 Ddk Chrirai G fl Si 3 Do* Chrirai c% v. 3 12 W -T;25irai G 3 Do* Cneaira: H 53 G Chrical 5 3 Dou Cheairal S3 3ow Chrirai G s* I s3 Don Chsairai G i fi ij [t ii A-14 t*> IO :: 3::"::n --- *= T' C.04 szt -t r;.'h u9a *r V N/ <ii:ra T 0.34 pps 7 N/A li`A V?i N/A V.. j*..7* C.4C ?: 14/A 33 N/fi 33 S;A S3 i ::t "<>'rt 3 ppt N/A J7 2 321 33 N/A " 14 ppt 33 i. ir S3 S/A S3 N/A 53 N/ S3 N/A S3 /fi I3QM=3 ^ B *A*tl| '1= ! tc:d HCDD H7C22 rrrr ^322 HcCDD H7C2S 0.3.7.S 7CDD l2 HCC K7CDD OCDE TPT-" 7CDD H CDS u r s* H7CDD H7CDD DCDD GCDC 2,3,7.3 7CDD TC2D HcCDD H7CD3 DCDD i-'.viCr 'r\;r Av.it r'" 0.37 ppt 3. pps 1A1 *} ?* rih M2 0.23 ppt O.c; ppb rlt>vC7O u1h* .a ppb <4-VA ftiil 34 pp2 430 ppb 1300 ppb MD ?70 ""b h'fl 2c0 pat M2 3aC ppt ND 210 ppt 2: ppt 77- ppt 3100 ppt 7200 ppt 10600 ppt DATA VARIABILI7: m N/A N/A uilt.H\ N/A N/A N/fi N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A fi / h N/A N/A N/A N/A ' N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A ?RSC'.'?5CS3 scad JJA^ 4 S2Cd ccd saad seed seed idaed Natrai Sas starsi Bas Natura! Sas Natural cas Natural Sas 0 :1 Wrcd ri: * *30 d Oil Leed Gil Idead Oil, liaod Oil, Usad Gil, Head Gil, N:ad Dii, -sed '? % zCJFCz ~ -'r~ ~2E1z rJ~_ FOSSIL -EL T FCSSiL FLE. ' FOSSIL FJSL 3: FOSSIL FLr ?' FOSSIL FJFL 4* "jS33- rjL 44 FOSSIL -OIL 44 FOSSIL FUEL 44 F22zIL rCHl -4 mrs** err44 FOSSIL FUEL 44 FOSSIL FJSL FOSSIL FLSL 44 FOSSIL FUEL 4^ FOSSIL =L*E. 44 FOSSIL FUEL 44 FOSSIL FUEL 47 FOSSIL FUEL =: FC3SIL FUEL fa::.::y N-A 7idlan: .wich. f'.iclani ilidlanc ":ch. .lid!and fU:n. fiidiand iich. 17) Ica;--:rE2 Utility FIants '7. Csal-rir2: Utility Fla-ts 17) Caai-rirs: Ltiiity Plants i? Zz~i--i?3z Utility Flar.ts l?! C:ai-i:r=: Utility Plants 71 Ceai-rirsd Utility Plants 17; Ceai-- ired Utility Plants '75 Csal--fired Utility Flsnts 75 Ceal-firee Utility ?lants '7: Csai-rirad tilitv Plants 17! Ccai-firsd Utility Plants 17) CcaWirad Utility Plants U.3. N/ft s:u::i C-7F4::. Ons riant Fewer hiL== P:*sr r.euss Fewer heuss Peser heu53 Fess' reuse tares PO reilsr tares FO reilsr Largs PC Seller Largs PC Seiler Largs PC sells' Lares -C Be:i=r Largs PC Seiler Largs PC railsr La-gs PC Boiler Laris PC Seilar Largs PC 5s:1er Largs PC Bcilsr N/A One riant A-15 '4 r i -sscsssss samfls -z K 4 ^ * StiZ: Stack 3; Sea:/ *- Stch r* Z u z i Sue 4; Sta:-: 44 r:s: 44 :i:C 44 44 44 Stack 44 Slack A+A1 "EC 44 Faad 44 ::: 44 ES* 4" k / ; 2 Stack r; FA FA FA FA FA Til F3 FS F'3 z3 zz FA FA FA F4 FA FA FA FA SS SS 33 SS C*5 SS kiV'~T tv=~ 5: Mile" MM:T -: SS SS SS SS SS SS K/h SAM?IE K'JM. : Saeels >i/A fi/A i.-;A N/A K/A 3 Says 5 Says 5 Davs 3 Says 5 Days 5 SayE 5 Days 3 -ays 5 Dave 3 Days 3 Days 3 Davs 7 sassiea H/A SX'SASTIDit Sasic Estracticn H/A ii/fi S.`i N/A N/A Scsr.let/sKcfiRB Sc:'hi=t/S:.:s-E Scxhlet:3sn:B.iE Scshlet/rsr^sra Scshlst/SEnzEfia 3sxh!si/?er.:sr.E Scc.hiec/Bar.cans Esxh1st/Benzsbb ScKhlet/BenzERE S::;h'.st;'i3n:sn5 S c x h ls c / B a n c s n s S c iir.Ie t/ B a n c s c s Sax^1e t/B e n z e n e i24 h r) Hsxane/Acetons AK6LVSI3 SD/MS SC'MS D/!!E SC BC SD hag:/ms HF.SC/M3 HF.SD/MS hHSC/MS HF.SC/MS HSSD/MS HPSS/MS HESS/MS HSSS/MS HHSC/MS H ?.s:/rs HPES/HE SC/MS SD/MS A-16 j* T- fc'A V pCw w--*, '-"i + 4 it/H l-t'/H *' ; r* 4- -P7 4 oc* 44 T 4i CCT 44 crT 4 pp? ii 2CT 44 CT 44 !*pr T"f oc* ; CET 47 2 ppt 2 1 .2 ppt !51:-'. j%j-yb ih -H*' **#*y *#L* y .r*U^^* ;CDI f:d? 0 '" FC3F FCDD PCDF P2"ft "CE" SC5I prrm nJri TCDD Tero :h:e? iene. ,tK ne ^A -2 PP3 L CpC 4 ppt 24 3?5 NE NE* NE tfira NE NEND ND NE NE NS NE NO NE Eh7A s>AF,lAsE-IT'.' 5r"','5C'!S N/A LPl N/A csi an: W* m N/A cea! and Cla N/A ccal and eil U A real an: eil t!; ^n^1 Aill*N/A Coal N.'A Ccal N/A ia N/A C:al N/A Cea: N/A Coal NVA Coal N/A C a l uiw n Cea! f/H Cca N/A Csa N/A Cea! N/A Osai N/A Lew 3-Jur LCdi s 1 ii f s \ ft 17 MPLIiS ORSANIZAIf tails, Lsiu.'bis Ut Dca Chsaical Dca Chsaical Dca Ches:Cil Dca Chelical Ua Dhssical hRl "RI MRI BRI MRI SRI MRI BRI BRI UT MR: Sri U.s. EPA SATINS I 3 S i! q s U *11*+31 s 3 swm3 BmH S 3 A-13 FEF 31 31 "V- " 31 Ti ^1 Tl '' T! "* T* 31 31 4 V* 31 31 **t W* T1 tl03 103 *103 *:C5 *105 *03 03 lies source type kTC MUFFLERS AUTO MUFFLESS AUTO MUF-LERS ALTO MLFFLERS ATG MUFFLERS AUTO MUFFtERE AUTO MUFFLERS AUTO MUFFLERS AUTO MUFFLERS AUTC M'JFF.EES AT MUFFLERS AUTO MUFFLERS AUTO MUFFLERS ALTO MU-FLERS au:: mufflers ALTO MUFFLERS AUTO MUFFLERS AUTO MUFFLERS AUTO MUFFLERS AUTO MUFFLERS AUTO MUFFLERS AUTO MUFFLERS AUTC MUFFLERS AUTC MUFFLERS AUTO MUFFLERS AUTO MUFFLERS AUTO MUFFLERS AUTO MUFFLERS AUTO MUFFLERS AUTO MUFFLERS FACILITY rentia: Mich. Pontiac Mich. Pcrtiac Mich. Pcr.tiac Mich. Per,rise Mich. Detroit Mich. Detroit Mich. Detroit Mich, Detroit Mich. Detroit Mich. Detroit Mich. Detroit Mich. Detroit Mich. Auourn Mien. Auburn Mich. Auburn Mich. Auburn Mich. Saginaw Mich. Saginaw Mich. Saginaw Mich. Saginaw Mich. Saginaw Mich. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A SOURCE OHARACT. Rag gas / r.z Catalytic Conve-tsr F-sc gas ; nc Catalytic Converter F;sg gas ! ns Catalytic Converter Rag gas / nc Catalytic Conva"ter Rsg gas / ns Catalytic Converter iinisadsi / Catalytic Converter Unleaded / Catalytic 0coverter Unleaoe: / Catalytic Converter unieased / Catalytic Czzverier Unleaded / Catalytic Tenverier / .ow oilaage Unleaded / Catalytic Converter i so lileage Unleaded / Catalytic Cowarts- / uo* si1sags Unleaded / Catalytic Csnverter / Low aiieage Diesel 7ruc< Diesel Truck Diesel Truck Diesel Truck Diesel Truck Siasei Truck Diesel Truck Diesel Truck Diesel Truck Diesel Diesel Unleaded Unleaded Leaded Leaded Cnevstte-croken Eir.o Chevette-Ercken Sing A-I9 A.'2M:si:E emiseclis REF SFRGCSSSES SfiiFLE ME'HCC 31 MUFFLER ASK SCF.AFINS 31 MJrrlEF ASH SCRA?IMS 3: MUFFLER :: KJFFLER :: lef ASK SCRAPING ASH SCRAPINS ASH SCR^IhE !1 hL'FLEf. 31 fUrp-ER 31 MUFFLER AE-: HCRA5Ii.S ASri sc"a=:ns Ar-i SCRAPING 31 MUFFLER ASH SCRAPINS 31 MUFFLER ASH SCRA-IN3 31 MUFF-ER ASH SCRAPING 31 MUFFLER :: MUFFLER ASH SCRAPING ASH SCRAPING 31 MUF-LEF 71 I4-77`rt ASH SC?APING ASH s:p;=ins 31 MUF"LEF ASH SCRAPING 31 MUFFLEF ASH SCRAPINS 31 MUFFLER ASH SCRAPING 31 MUFFLER ASH SCRAPING 31 MUFFLER ASH SCRAPINS 31 MUFFLER AS" SCRAPING 31 MUFFLER ASH SCRAPING *105 MiUflar Asp SCRAPING *105 -Murfie- Ash SCRAPING *103 Mirier Ash SCRAPING *1C Hurtle' Ash SCRAPING *103 Ma*fIEr Ash SCRAPING *105 Harrier Ash SCRAPING *105 M i isr fish SCRAPING *105 fish SCRAPING SAMPLE MUM. M N/fi W/A N,A n'A N/A K/A N/A K/A f.VA K/A N/A N/A N'A K'h N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 Cars 2 Cars 10 cars 10 cars 3 Cars 3 Cars 1 car 1 car EXTRACTICf. m N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N7A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Methylsra Chlcrice/Hsxane Matny1sne ChIor:da/Hexans Methylsne Chicr:se/hexanE Methylens Chicries/Hexane Methylere Chlcride/Kexane , Methylene Chloride/feexane Methylene Chlorida/he^anE Methylene Chloride/Hexane ANALYSIS SC/MS aC/MS GC/MS SC/MS GC/MS SC/MS GC/MS SC/MS SC/MS GC/MS sc/ec EC;SC EC/SC GC/MS GC/MS GC/MG EC/MS GC/MS SC/MS GC/MS EC/MS SC/MS HRGC/HRMS HRGC/HRMS HRGC/HRMS HRGC/HRMS HF.SC/KP.MS HRGC/HRMS HRSC/HPJIS HRGC/HRMS ! A-20 ?' r ^ 7E3_13N LIMITS 3: 31 31 31 -! T1 ?| 31 :i 7! 31 3! 31 3! 31 31 31 3! Tt 31 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 :.o ppt 2 .0 put 14 ppt 0 pst S c** / !! l*/*i *r**-f E ppt N/A 0 .1 pat 0.: ppt 0 .2 pst 0.5 ppt 3.0 ppt 5 Aft? 30 pst h/A 1 .0 ppt N/A 1^ *ft*1 ic c** N/A 40 pg 40 pg 40 p; 40 pg 40 ps 40 rKi^? 40 pg 40 pg IS-jiEE 2.3.7,S 7CD3 72DD HoIDEr/C-'i,' GCOO 7210 H6CEQ H7C3D OCDD TC3D HiCDD H7CDD QCDD TEDS H6 wDD H7CBD Q20D .0,7,3 7C22 7CBD H6C5D H7CBB QCDD 2,3,7,8 7CDD 7CDD 2,3,7,8 TlDB 7CDD 2,3,7,8 TCDD 7ZDD 2,3,7,8 TCBB 7C5S ISCfiEr. Z3K1. N3 4.0 ppt NO HI Ifi pjt ND NE 14 ppt 8 pet rv>.*. ...L 0.5 ppt 2 ppt 8 ppt ND KZ 110 ppt 280 ppt 3.0 ppt 20 ppt 20 ppt ' 100 ppt 260 ppt ND NB 0.23 ng 6.5 ng 2 ng 0 ng 0.15 ng 4.3 ng 2ATA vAf.IfirIL17Y H.'fi 14i n N/A N.-A N/A N/A N/A N/A K/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A .ECLiHSQRS Seg-lar Sas Fecuiar'Sas Renalar Sas Regular Sas Ur.Isided Sas Unleaded Sas Unleaded 833 Unleaded Sas Unleaded Sas Unleaded Sas Unleaded 5aa Ur.ieaded Sas ui235i Fuel Diesel riicl Diesel Fuel Diesel Fuel Diesel Fuel Diesel Fuel Diesel Fuel Diesel Fuel Diesel fuel Diesel Fuel Diesel Fuel Unleaded Sas Unleaded Eas Leaded Sas Leaded Sas Unleaded Sas Unleaded Sas I A-21 PEP ? 71 * Twfi Jt 7* 7 7', 71 31 7( 31 7<.1* 31 ** 7 7h 7f 3! 71 31 7* ?f *IC: #105 #:o5 #105 *:05 #10: #105 #105 A?LIS3 ORSAIZATIC Deu ChesiCH: Den Clerical De* Chanca! De Cees:cal Dea Chanca: Dew Cha-ics: Dey Chseca; yen .rancai Dew Chss:Cai Dei Creccal De Chssical Dow Cheaical Dow Chad cal Bait Cha:i ca Dow Caseica! Den Cr.Esica: Dow Chao:csi Dew Chadcal Dow Chea:cal Dew Chasica Dew Chesical De Cssical .= . E"A U.S. EPA U.5. EPA !.S. EPA li.S. EPA L'.s. ErA .5. EPA L'.S. EPA rat; 5 6 S m * J 3 f* t* 6 m m0 5 g f* g c S C 5 6 c 5 m W n c 5 G S 3 tn A-22 i\? l RECLAMATICI lsCIKSRATCR SzF * S2LRCE TVrE Zi V. 'IF.E EICLAA'CN INCINERATOR E< w :P.E RECLAMATION INCINERATOR 51 IRE RECLAMATION INCINERATOR SM IRE RECLAMATION INCINERATE?. FACILITV fissstsrn USA ii; "i&sstarn USA 1 .^taestern USA l) iasastern USA !J SOURCE CHASACT. 3 r.cinsrtsrs 3 Inci^arsiars 3 Inair.sratcrs 3 Incineritars f i A-Zar A-25 Ul tJl Ifl Hl k"5 r.EC.A*STIC! IfsCINEHATjF. ErA EPA EPA EPA pa:; s g 0 c A-26 TH-.^AL b Z ' U X Z Z CARBON 5TMSiAT:SS H? * 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 source type CARBON REBENERATIOK CARBON REGENERATION CARSON REGENERATION CARBON F=3ERA7ISS CARBON RSSENSRhTIGH CARFuM REGENERATION CARBON REGENERATION CARBON REGENERATION CARBON RE3ENERA7I0N CARBON REGENERATION CARBON REGENERATION CARBON REGENERATION FACILITY Cincinnati, Ohic Cincinnati, Ohio Cincinnati, Ohio Cincinnati, Ohio Cincinnati, Ohio Cincinnati, Ohio Cincinnati, Ohio Cincinnati. Ohio Cincinnati, Onio Cincinnati, Ohio Cincinnati, Ohio Cincinnati, Ohio SOURCE CHSRhCT. Fluidized Be : Systes Fluidizes Bad Systes Fluidized Bad Systes Fluidized Bed Systes Fluidized Bed Systec Fluidized Bed Systes Fluidized Bed Systes Fluidized Baa Systes Fluidized Bed Systea Fluidized Bed Systea Fluidized Bed Systes Fluidized Bed Systes * . si; : A-27 L therkhl a: : : vatsc ca^bok kese^eratign V sfecceeses SAMPLE 5C -- 50 -- 50 Cyclone 50 Cyclone 50 ScrubCar 50 Scrubber 50 Quench 5C Quench 50 Staci 50 Stack 50 Stack 50 Stack Fees Feed fish Ash Sate.Saier Kater water FA FA F3 FS METHDI as ss es ss as ss as 23 MM57 M5T MK5T 5T SAMPLE .YJM. EXTRACTION 4 Tests/3 Save 4 Tests/3 Bays 4 Testa03 Days 4 Tests '3 Days 4 Tests/3 Bays 4 Tssts/3 Bays 4 Tests/3 Bays 4 Tesis/3 uavs 4 Tests/3 Days 4 Tests/3 Days 4 Tests/3 Days 4 Tests/3 Days Sexh:et/Msthyiene Ch!cride Sexhist/Metnyene Ch:ori;e Soxh1et/Methylene Chicri:e Scxhlet/Methylsne Chloride Scxbiet/Methylene Chloride Saxhiet/Methylene Chloride Saxhiat/Methylene Chloride Scxhlei/Meihyiene Chloride Scxhlet/Methylene Chloride Soahlet/Melhyiens Chloride Soxhiet/Methylene Chloride Ssahlet/Methyleng Chloride ANALYSIS HRSC/HRMS HS3C/H-KS HRSC/HRMS HRSC/HRMS HRSC/HRMS HRSC/HRMS HRSC/HRMS HRSC/HSrS HRSC/HRMS HRSC/HRMS HRSC/HRMS HRSC/HRMS A-28 T-iERMAi. ^CT:v'ATHD CARSO?;REjENERATIC1; :r r t OEi:crio:; limits 50 N/A 50 /A 50 N/A 50 N/A sr> N'A 50 H/A 50 S/A 50 N/A 50 N/A 50 N/A 50 N/A 50 .04 - 2 .0 ag/Kg ISOMER 2,3,7,S TC3B TCD2 2,3,7,3 TCjO 7300 2,3,7,S TCDD ICED 2.3,7,S 7CED TODD 2,3,7,3 TODD TODD 2,3,7,8 70DO* TCDD ISOMER CONC. ND NE ND i.H ppt .03 pat .075 ppt NC ND .033 ppt .133 apt .0025 ppt .0125 ppt DATA VSRIA3ILITV PRECURSORS N/A N/A N/A 0.2 - 4.1 ppt ND - .07 opt ND - .2 ppt N/A N/A .01 - .2 ppt .05 - .2 ppt ND - .01 ppt ND - .05 ppt Spent Activated Carbon Spent Activated Carbon Spent Activated Carbon Spent Activated Carbon Spent Activated Carbon Spent Activated Carbon Spent Activated Carbon Spent Activated Carbon Spent Activated Carton Spent Activated Carbon Spent Activated Carbon Spent Activated Carbon A -29 * IUJUl. SAKr^ISS jSBAKIZh'IG .'i BatelIs La:s 50 SatslU Lass 50 B a t H E Lab; 50 Batel1; Labs 50 Batel1= Labs ca Bsislis Labs 50 BatelIb Labs 50 Estslls Labs wV 5a-a*1c * a-e wV satalia Labs 5C E a t s ! Ie Labs 50 Batalle Labs r.h .iE V\ l T 7 * 7 T T T T I ! tI I i A-30 v. rn in IIJlEKA'jF. ELL'j SE imcineh^tqes :L jSE 1^ 1`IE- ATOFS Al TV G rtr:c Gritar d HACT. .5 rissrth In c. -OC'C CI s Hssrth In c. COO C: i i i \ i $1\ ! ji i A-31 iV i I Sir t'.vjIESESS SAMPLE Vfc t#}4* SAf?LE M-!. li" Stili: 117 -tick N/ft M/A S/P V sip;c rsri"5s N/fi 3 saspii rsr:c5 E2TRACT22K K/fl N/A ANALYSIS N/A K/A i ! A-32 ee-v 1f I tri t u i l A-34 i: haste eil r::.e; fi HASTE CIL rCILs.R *2 :N3 HASTE BOILERS INC HAST: S2IL2ES laste ecilers v IKD WASTE BCIuERS IND HASTE BCIuERS INC HASTE 5CILERS ---- IMS LASTE BOILERS IM HASTE BDILERS INC HASTE BOILERS INC HASTE BOILERS !?;: HASTE BOILERS 23 INS HASTE BOILERS Diu HASTE BOILERS 22 IND HASTE BOILERS rz INI; ASTE ECILERS 25 INO HASTE BOILERS 22 m WASTE BOILERS 25 IND WASTE BOILERS 22 3ND HASTE BOILERS w?i* TAT SURNER TAR 5RNSR ** TAR SUENER **1 TAR BURNEE 31 I'iBSTRIAL S IhCIHERATIOh t: INDUSTRIAL SH INCINErATION 3! INDUSTRIAL Sa IHCINSBA7I0N ? INDUSTRIAL Sw INCIKERATION 31 INDUSTRIAL SH ISCINERATIDK 31 INDUSTRIAL SH INCINEHATION 3! INDUSTRIAL SH INCINERATION 7* INDUSTRIAL S INCINEHATION 31 INDUSTRIAL SH liiCINERATIM -1 INDUSTRIAL SK INCINSRATIN 31 INDUSTRIAL SH INCINERATIQN 31 INDUSTRIAL SH INCINEHATION 31 INDUSTRIAL SK INCINSRATION T< INDUSTRIAL SN INCINERATIQN 3! INDUSTRIAL SH INCINERATJQN 31 INDUSTRIAL SN INCINERATIQN 31 INDUSTRIAL SH INCINERATIQN 31 . INDUSTRIAL SW INCINERATIQN *3= HASTE OIL EQILER 53? HASTE OIL BQILER 53? HASTE CIL BOILER HASTE OIL BOILER 53= HASTE OIL BOILER 53? HASTE CIL BOILER 53? HASTE GIL BOILER 53? KASTE GIL SQILSr 53? HASTE OIL BOILER 53= HASTE EIL BOILER 53= HASTE OIL BOILER FACILITY Aarpu. Switzerland Aarsu, Switzerland Site A Site A Sits A Site k Site A Site A Site fi SITE D SITE E SITE S N/A *K/fi N/A N/A N/A N/A m N/A N/A Midland Mich. Midland Mich. Midland Mich. Midland Mich. Midland Mich. Midland Mich. Midland Mich, Midland Mich. Midland Mich. Midland ich. Midland Mich. Midland Mich. Midland Mich. Midland Mich. Midland Mich. Midland Mich. Midland Mich. Midland Mich. Midland Mich. Midland Mich. Midland Mich, Midland Mich. Cffies Building Office Building Office Building Offic e Building Sresnhause Cassis Sreenhouse Caspii Greenhouse Caspi! Sre sahause Caspi SreenhcusE Locali Sreenhause Sreenhouse source charact. .`A N;fi .'eeisr CF Steas Sers-atcr Xseler F Stear Sar.e'atar Keeler C5 Steas Ser.eraicr heeler Cr Sts=2 Senera;zr Keeler C? Steas Generator Keeler C? Stesc rsnaraic' Keeler C? Sieac Seneratar S&ii kail-Fired Boiler Water Tube Bailer Firs Tubs 5s:Isr Industrial Boiler (oils burneri Industrial Baiisr ip:Is burner) Incustrial sailer (pile burner: Industrial Boiler (pile burner) Industrial Bailer ip:is burner} Industrial sailer ip:is burner) Industrial Bailer ipile turner! Industrial Sailer (pile burner) Industrial Bailer (pile burner) 72 ttiliicn BTU/hrwithsuppieaentai fuel igss) 72 sillier, STil/hrwithsuppieaentai fuel igasl 72 sillian 3TU/hrwithsuppieaentai fuel (gas) 72 sillten BTU/hrwithsuppieaentai fuel igas) Rotary kiln without suppl. fuel Rotary kiln without suppl. fuel Rotary kiln without suppl. fuel Rotary kiln without suppl. fuel Rotary kiln without suppl. fuel Rotary kiln with suppl. fuel Rotary kiln with suppl. fuel Rotary kiln with suppl. fuel Rotary kiln with suppl. fuel Rotary k:in wirh suppl. fual Rotary kiln without suppl, fuel Rotary kiln without suppl. fuel Rotary kiln without suppl. fuel Rotary kiln without suppl. fuel Ratary Kiln with suppl. fuel Rctary kiln with suppl. fuel Rotary kiln with suppl. fuel Rotary kiin with suppl. fuel Cast Iron Boiler Cast Iron 2oiler Cast Iron Boiler Cast Iron Boiler Horizontal Return Tube Boiler Horizontal Return Tube Boiler Horizontal Return Tube Boiler Horizontal Return Tube Bailer Harizontal Return Tube Boiler Four Pass Fire Tube Four rsss Fire Tubs Sr IF:ICCZEHS SAKr.S HETHCD sa^fle num. li Staik'SSf l s*:sci:'SS5 -- -- FA Feed Feed 22 Stair 2 "i Still FS/Ffi Fs/?a 2. Stair FS/FA 22 Furnace n^. Fuv.aae A=h Ash 2"' it F5/FA 22 Stick O'! Stack F5/=A FS/FA 28 Stack FS SB Feed Siudoe 2c Fes: Eludes 28 Fesi Eludes 2E res: Sludis 28 Cospssii Ash 28 Csapc-sit Ash 22 COttODslt Ash 22 Cospas:: Ash ** Scaci. FA 31 Stack FA :i Stack FA :i Stack eA 31 Stack FA 31 Stack FA 31 St3Ck FA 31 Stack FA 3! Stack ?/ Stack FA FA 31. Stack FA 31 Stack FA 31 Stack FA 31 Stack FA 31 Scrubber rA 31 Scrubber FA 31 Scrubber FA 31 Scrubber FA 3! Scrubber FA 31 Scrubber FA 3! Scrubber FA 31 Scrubber FA *:? -- reed *3? Stack *32 Stack rs *39 Stack *39 -- FS Feed *39 Stack F3 *39 Stack FS *3= Stack F3 *39 Stack *3? -- FS Feed 39 Stack FS N/A m GH SS fiyrr KK5T KNS~ 59 SS HM3T KK5T MM57 Train SS SS ss SS SS SS ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss S3 ss ss ss ss ss S3 ss FILIERE FILTERS* FILTERED FILTERED FILTERED FILTERED FILTERED FILTERED CA2n KK57 -MCI HH5T SS WK5T KM5T MtKilCw1*' MK5T unsm MK57 K/fi m 4 Teste A Tests 4 Teats 4 Tests 4 Teats 4 Tests 4 Tests K;A fi/A K/fi 3 Dave 5 Days : Daye 5 Days 3 Davs 5 Days 5 Days a Days 5 Days 5 sasplss 5 sascles 5 saoples 5 saopies 4 aacplss 4 saacles 4 saoples 4 sascles 4 sacoles 5 eacples 5 sasples 5 samples 5 eaaples 5 sacples K/A K/A N/A N/A N/A K/A N/A K/A c Trials L Trials h Trials e Trials 2 Trials 2 Trials 2 Trials 2 Trials 2 Trials e Trials t Triais EITSACTISK Rethyene Eh:aride Msthvene Chiaride Sorbist/Hethylene Chicride Semi et/fiethviene Chierice serhiet`'Methylene Ehicride SerbiEt/M-eiby:ene Chicride Scshiet/Hethyiene ghiande Soxhiet/Methyiens Chicrids Serbiet/Hethylene Chiaride Saxhiet/Methylsns Chicrids Soshlet/Methylene Chioride Soshlet/Methylene Chicride K/A K/A N-A K/fi N/A N/A N/A K/A K/A N/A N/A N/A N/A K/A N/A N/A K/A N/A N/A K/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A K/A N/A N/A N/A Soxhiei/MEthylenE Chioride Soxhiet/MsthyIene Chicrids Sorbiet/flettiviene Chiorice Soxhiet/Kethylene ChioridE Scxhlet/Methylene Chcride Sorbiet/tethylene Chioride Soxhiet/flethylene Chioride Soshlet/Hethylene Chiaride Sortiiet/Nethvlene Chiaride Soxhiet/Kethvlene ChIor:de Soshiet/Methylene Chiaride Af.ALvSIE storW ii*i.to SC/MS HRSC/HRME FS5C/HEMS HRSC/HRMS HRSC/HRMS HRSC/HEKS HRSC/HRMS HRSC/HRMS HRSC/HRMS HRSC/HRMS HRSC/HRMS SC/MS e:/ss S/MS SC/MS SC/KS SC/MS SC/KS SC/MS SC/MS SC/MS SC/MS SC/MS 6C/M3 SC/MS SC/MS SC/KS SC/MS SC/MS SC/MS SC/MS SC/MS SC/MS SC/MS SC/MS SC/MS SC/MS SC/MS SC/MS SC/MS SC/MS . SC/MS SC/MS SC/MS SC/MS SC/MS SC/MS SC/MS SC/MS SC/MS SC/KS SC/MS SC/MS ft oc v* h -, i r Lr E2TZ37!'.' l:v.T [k iiiijVh * i/A O.i pp: / i n"" C.4 r:;r3 ** 0 .- 12/1:3 22 0.4 ng,*>.3 72 22 ,^\.v**.' -r.fi.~ ** 1C0Q ne/s3 22 1000 pc/a3 22 .Wv liP.iV ! *tf"t "Pti}i/-'- ^* " ";*t C.C5 .15'': i. tt ".P!.**- 25 5,75 r.g/g 0>2 r.s/*3 5 cVi5ftrfUi^ AA .2 5.2 nc/g n; 5.3 ng/g 32 !.3 ppb N/A Tf N/A "1 N/A 7! N/A Ui N/A 31 m 1*14 N/A . . 7* N/A V . , 0 ppb T* 2 .0 ppb 3! C.5 Ppb *! N/fi m g N/A ?t N/A 31 N/A 3; N/A 'i N/A * N/A Tl(a N/A *; N/A *3? .04 - 2 .0 ec/kc 3= .05 - 3.1 ug/a3 3? w.10 us/Cv *35 0.5 - 3.1 ug/a3 *35 .04 - 2.0 ag/fcg *35 .05 - 4.5 ug/s3 *35 0.06 uc/c3 *35 0.05 - 2.0 u:/s3 *3= 0.0s ug/s3 *35 .04 - 2.0 ac/kg *35 .05 - 3.1 ug/se IzZ-'V, PCD3 FCDF mVr#m? TC22 2*3*7,5 'IDS iuL'lr pcb: 2.3.7.3 TEBD -PTs" CS2 w'nnunD .'Cl' FCDD/FCEt T/'"r TPr.r prr-r rCD* TCBD TCDF rpnr. rtAur* TCDB H6EDD H7CDD OCDE ^.v.T.c ImDB TCDD H6C3D H7C3D 3CDE 2,3,7,8 TCDD TCED niictjto H7C3S QCBD TCBD H6CBB H7C0S 2CDB TCDD H6 CDD H7CBB GC3D FCDB/FCBF PEED TCDF PCDF PCDS/PCDF FCDD TCED PCDF 1-UP PCC3/PC2F PCSS rn>J\ 2 *s 0.3 apis s,=5 p? NE Iiw 40.5 r.g/t3 75,5 n:/s3 nd' 51.5 ppb ND NE NO N3 NS N5 30s rtc/g 13.2 ng/g 2.5 eg/g 3.7 nc/g 20? ra/g_ 52.1 nc/g ND 7.6 ppb al ppb 306 ppb 55 ppb 7705 ppb 21225 ppb 164750 ppb 263000 ppb ND NE ? i safe j2 ppb 234.3 ppb 2500 ppb 3400 ppb 26000 ppb 42000 ppb 46 ppb 200 ppb 970 ppb 1200 ppb NE NE NO 1.3 uq/a3 NE 2.43 ug/a3 NS 0.73 ug/a3 NS NO 0.32 ug/a5 BATA VAF.IA53--2TV ^7*E*ZURSur.S n/A N/A N/A N/A N/fi 32 - 43 nq/a3 75 - 76 nc/s2 N/A " 35 - 65 cpb N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A ` O.S - 3,4 ng/g 1.2 - 7 ng/g 30.5 - 439.4 ng/g 37.3 - 124.4 ng/c NE 1 - 20 ppb 27 - 160 ppb 190 - 440 ppb NS - 110 ppb 3410 - 12000 psb [CO ~ sSOOO pps 2000 - 510000 ppb 3000 - 810000 ppb N/A N/A NE - 5.0 ppb 4.0 - 110.0 p:h S7fLt'_ TCf"tjAvWi"t ... N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A fi/A N/A . N/A N/A N/A 0.45 - 4.5 u;/s3 N/A 0.65 - 0.36 pg/a3 N/A N/A ND - 1.6 ug/s3 (-i5gfci-i *ifit4iiw* r*t*i*! l;ss3 lad. Oil ^515 lipid basis s:p: its Head Kftsic aPPC aicsts keep n3:tS ZZt casts HCZZ CL-3o:verts CL-Nasts 0:1 CL-Nasiss PEP / scrap kgc: PCF i sc-ap .* scrap tseed PC? / scrap coed FCP / scrap wood PC? / scrap coed PC? / scrap wccc ?Cr / scrap aset) PCr : scrap weed gas an: tars gas and tars gas ar.s tars gas and tars tars, Slij gas tars, 3, gas tars, Sis', gas tars, Sis', gas tars, SN, gas tars, SN, gas tars, SW. gas tars, SN, gas tars, SN, gas tars, SN, gas tars. 5w, gas tars', SN, gas tars, SN, gas tars, 3N, gas tars, SN, gas tars, 5U, gas tars, SN, gas tars, 3N, gas spiisd baste Oil Spiked Naste Oil spiked baste Oil Spiked baste Gil Spiked baste Qi: Spiked Uaste Oil Spiked Naste Oil Spiked baste Oil Spiked baste Oil Spiked baste Oil Spiked baste Oil m i f! *3 jj ! ! ^` i \\ I 1 | IHi | i 1 I 1 1 i V j \ 1\ fj 1 /I '1 1 ] { i; :\ 1 J f i IK If/ 1'V rr z I!i2 0S:A';l'A""2!i pat:*:: fui 2 k : =s Fs-z. "2s. :;t::n S;-:5= Fsd. Rss. Station Azurs.^/ Azurs; Z G Azurs; *^ Azurs; 2J HC'jrc 5 fi ** .. Azurs; Azurs; Azurs; 22 Acirsx AA Azurs; -S Azu-su Cars. *,Z Azurs-: Carp. 5 3 c T Azurs:: Czrp. Azurs; Carp. 3 g 2H Azurs; Cura. rc1/ Azurs; Carp. 22 Azurs; aru. 2 Azurs; Carp. 6 c** Km 22 Azurs; Cars. 31 Dca Chszicai g 31 Dow Chsaiaai . AHr T! Da Cher,zai g Tl Da* Cnedcal & T; I!zk Chesizd 3! UCK ChEaicl e T qk Cheeicl 5 31 Dsv Chssizsi B 31 Dow Cheaizai B *i Do nea:esl e De Chesiidl 31 Bau Checics! s 5 31 Daw ChSSCl 7wl Bok Chedcd E 31 Bbm Cheaizai T! Dow Cheaicai 31 Dca Chssiaal Tjl Do Cheaizai B B 5 31 Do Chemical S 31 De Cnesical B 31 Do Diedcal 31 Da Chssical 6 5 *39 EPA/B3A Carp P *39 SFA/SCA Carp *39 EPA/5CA Carp *39 EPA/BCA Carp ) *39 EPA/BCA 2arp P p P P *39 EPA/BCA Carp *39 EPA/SCfi Cerp *39 ErA/SCA Car: *39 EPA/BCA Carp r * c *39 ErA/BCA Carp P *39 EPA/BCA Co-p P A-38 1"1 F;' *35 *35 *35 **-3r5 *35 *3? *3? 3? *35 *35 *3? *3? 3= *39 43 94 54 =4 94 94 =4 94 V SGLRCE rvFz lifts!: OIL BOILER WASTE CIL BGILEH kfAETE CIL BOILER WASTE OIL Sui-ER Ars :i: boiler WASTE OIL B331EF WASTE OIL BOILER waste oil boiler WASTE OIL SOILS?. WASTE OIL BOILES WASTE GIL BOILER WASTE GIL BOILER WASTE OIL BOILER sASTZ OIL BOILER WASTE OIL BOILER WASTE GIL -BOILER WASTE OIL BOILER WASTE OIL BOILER IND WASTE BOILER IND WASTE BOILER IK WASTE BOILER ISO WASTE BOILER m WASTE BOILER 2ND WASTE BOILER ISO WASTE BOILER W WASTE BOILER isr WASTE BOILER FACILI!V Sreenhcuse Sresnncuse Greenhouse C*f:ce Suiling Ofrica Building Office Building Office Building Office Building Office Building Office Building Office Building Greenhouse Greenhouse Greenhouse creennouse Greenhouse Greenhouse Greenhouse Bay City, Rich. Eurcoean European European European European European European European SOURCE CHPRACT. Four Saas Fire Tubs Four Pass Fire Tube Four Rase Fire Tube Three rase Scotch Firs Tube Three Pass Scotch Fire Tube Three rase Scotch Fire Tuos Three Pass Scotch Firs Tuts Three Pass Scotch Firs "uhs Three rasa Scotch F:rs Tubs Three Pass Scotch Fire Tube Three Pass Scotch Fire Tube Three Pass Firs Tube Three rase Fire Tube Th.-es Pass Fire Tube Three Pass Fire Tube Four Pass Scotch Fire Tube Four Pass Scotch Fire Tube Four Pass Scotch Firs Tube High Err- Ind. Boiler Ind BOILER (PC? WASTES! Ind EOILSR (PC? WASTES) Ind BOILER (FCP WASTES) Ind BOILER (PC? WASTES) Ind BOILER (PCP WASTES) Ind BOILER (POP WASTES) `Ind BOILER fPC? WASTES) Ir.d BOILER (PC? WASTES) t RE? =:FF23ES3ES EAKrFuE HETHOB * Su riC E Stark *39 Et:i -- E ia :!: *39 Stack 3= E : * : : : *3= F i r s Tu5= *3= F i r s Tuts *39 F ir s Tuts *3? r i r e Tube #3? -- 3? Ets:> ` *3? S :s :L *39 S ta e l 3? -- f3r Stack *3? S ta c i 43 S tack 94 Bachcuas 94 Bseheuse 94 Bashauae 94 Baheusa 94 F u rnaca - 94 Furnace 94 Furnace 94 Fu -n acs FS F3 FS Feac FS FS FS FA FA F t* FA Fess FS TC Z1 Fees FS FS FS.'FA Hah Ash Ash Ash Asn Ash Ash Ash 3T HH5 SB t r M53T HH57 Si 3 35 SB SS HH5T tJzJTT se-''* i w l ss HK57 KRET HH57 SS SS S3 SS SS SS S3 SS SABELE NUR. i T ri is T ri is 6 T ri is *{/; T ra la i T ri is T ri is 3 T ri is 3 T ri is 3 T ri is 3 T ri is i T ri is T ra la i T ra la = T ri is T ri is 4 T ri is 4 T ri is 3 m ti/A /A /A K/A f/A m fi/A E TRACTIQK Seuhi s t / K e in y i ens Chi s r : de S c sh le t Methylene C ile r ie s Ssuhiet Hethvlcne C h is rid s S e th i si/M sth v ! one Chi e n d s Scehi et/H eibviene Chi arid e Scuhist/M etnylsne C h ;e ric s Soshiet/H ethylene Chicrid s S a rn ie t/M s th y la n e ChI er i de Soshlei/H eihylene Chlorids S e ih l ei/M ethylens Chi e r:d e S ssh ie t M ethylene C h lerid e S s :h i e t / Hs t n y1ens Chi s r i ds Sexhi et/H ethy lene Chi e r : :& Eeehiei/H eihylsne C h icrica Scnhiet/M ethylene C h lerid e S ssh le t/R e th v l ene Chi e n d e Seshlei/hethylene C h isrid e Seihiei/M sthylene C hleride S csh ist/fisth yie n e C hleride S c x h le t/T o lu le n e S o x h le t/ T o lu le n e S c n h ie t/T e iu le n e S a x h ie t/T c lu le n s Seshlet/T iuiene S sxh let/Telu lsn e 5o xh l8t/Tslu len e 3o ;:h iet/Tciu ier.e AlvALVS:! BC/HS 6C/RS SC/MS sc /hs :/" s c / ms b c / ms BC-MS EC/KS SC/RH BC/MS BC/RS sc/mb BC/MS s : / ms C/K5 ec/RS SC/MS BC/MS BC/HS SC/.HS BC/HS ec/RS BC/HS BC/HS BC/HS BC/HS ISOMER t:oj PCS," 7CDF PC5D SCD' TCDF r **Er TCDD PCDF TCSF PC05.-PCSF FCC3 > ry*j*.Tt PCS? FCDD/PCDF PCDS PCS? FCDD/FCDF TC33 <prvnfer* TCSF prr.r TCSS PC5D TCSF PCDF I5C1ER :osc. NS .232 ug/c3 0.034 ug/c3 *jP. ND 0.416 ti?'c3 NS 337 us/kg ND 27 ug/kc 177 ug/i.g NS ND 0.42 ua/s3 1Wn 0.33 ug/fi3 ND ND 0.9 ug/g 5.2 ug/g 0.90 ug/g 2, ug/g 0.31 ug/g 0 .0 1 ug/c ND ND SATA VAF.IASILITY ." Kc.uur'.curis N/fi ND ~ ug/: NS - .17 u2/s3 N/fi K/fi NS - UQ/B K/A ND - 5S3 ug/k; N/A 71 - 2,200 uc/kg 11 - 350 ug/ks 11/A NS - 1; u?/a3 N/h ND - 2.1 ug/s3 N/A NS - 1.4 ug/c3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Spiked este i; Saikai Waste Sil Spikes ^astr Oil Spiksc Waste il Spiksd Waste Oii Spiked Waste Spiked Waste Spike: Ueste Spiked Waste Spued tests Spiked teste Spikes teste Spiked tests Spike: tests Spiked Waste Spiked teste Spikes Waste Spiked teste Oil PCSs f500 ppal PC? PCP PC? PC? POP PC? FCP PCP k > r a o *:j o a o a o t:j ao a_Ai ESILEES C2F ASTES KS= * s a l i n e s *7C EFfi/SCA Ccr*39 ErA.'eCA Cor; EFA/SCk Ccrp *39 EPA/3A Cors *3: irn/c^A bCrs *3" EPA/SCA Ecr: *3: EPA/ECA o r ; *39 EPA.'SCA Ecr: *3? EFA/33A Ccrp *39 SPA/3CA Cere *39 Erfi/BCA Ccrp *35 EPA/SCA Carp *39 EPA/SCA Cc-p *39 EPA/SCA Carp *39 EFA/5CA Carp *39 EPA/SCA Ccrp *39 ErA/SCA Ccrp *39 EPA/S3A Ccrp 45 SCh 94 r.iv. s? se, Sweden 94 niv. d Usea. Ettadsn 94 iiniv. o9 Uaes, Sweden 94 niv. et sea, Sweasn 94 r.iv. et tinsi. Sweden 94 iir.iv, :f licsa, Sweden 94 Uiiiv. cf lissa, Sweden 4 Univ. ci Lices. Sweden RA7IS z p r ? ? p F P p s P r p r p p P ; S C A*3 ac S 5 ! i A-4? EXPERIMENTAL SUD:SS S=r 4 L 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 t? r 5 5 c 5 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 1? 17 1? 1? 17 17 1? 1? 19 19 19 19 19' 1? 19 20 31 31 31 31 55 55 55 55 SCUSSE TYPE EXPERIMENTAL EXFERIHcliTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENT EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAi. EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL FASILITY PII:: Scsis ircinersior Piiot Scale incinerate:Piiet Scale lucinera:or Piiot Scale Incinsraior Pic: Scale incinsraior Piiot Scale Incinerato:Piiot Scale IncinerataPiiot Scale IncineratoPiiot Scale Incinsrator Piiot Scale Ir.cinera*or N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Quarto Mini Aapouies Quarti Mini Aspoues Quarti Mini Aapouies Quarti Mini Aspoules Quarti Mini Aapouies Quarti Mini Aapcuies Quarti Min: Aspou.es Quarti Mni Aapouies Quarti Mini Aapcuies Quarti Min: Aapouies Quarti Mini Acpoules Quarti Mini Aapcuies Quarti Mini Aspsules Quarti Min: Aspouiss Quarti Miri Aapouies Quarti Mini Aapouies Quarti Mini Aapcuies Quarti Mini Aapouies Quarti Mini Aapouies Quarti Mini Aapcuies Quarti Mini Aapouies Quarti Mini Aapculss Quarti Mini Acpoules Quarti Mini Aapouies Quarti Mini Aapouies Quarti Mini Acpoules N/A N/A N/A N/A Piiot Incineration Piot Incineration Pilct Incineration Piiot Incineration BE-CSCE CHAPACT. Traatss tiocd Treated seco Treated Need Treated Wood Treated fclcod Treated Load Treated Hood Treated sood Treated Noes T-ested 'cod Open Pire/Treated too: Gpsn Fire/Treated Hood Open Fire/Treated Hood Soen Firs/Treated Need Open Fire/Treated fcoed user Firs/Treated licci Open Fire/Treated Hood Open Firs/TrEatEd seed Open Fire/TrEated koed Gpen Firs/Treatsc Need Tr:chlorobenzene pyrolysis Trichlorobenzene pyrolysis Trichlorobenzene pyrolysis Trichlorcbemene pyrolysis Tnchioroteniene pyrolysis. Trichlcrcbewene pyrolysis Trichlorcbemene pyrolysis Trichiorchemene pyroiysis Trichiorobemer.e pyrolysis Trichiorobsmane pyrslysis PCB Pyrolysis 550 degrees Ci PCS ayro:/sis icQC degrees Cl PCS Pyroiysis (50 degrees CJ F2B Pyrolysis (700 degrees Ci PC3 Pyrolysis :85? degrees Cl PCB ry-oiysis (550 agrees 21 PCB Pyrolysis (600 degrees C) PCS Pyrolysis (650 degrees C) PCB Pyrolysis (700 degrees Cl PCB Pyroiysis (850 degrees Cl PCB Pyroiysis 550 degrees Cl PCB Pyroiysis (00 degrees C) PCB Pyrolysis (50 degrees C; PCB Pyrolysis (700 degrees C! PCS Pyroiysis (850 degress CJ FCE Pyrolysis Cigarette Stake Cigarette Sscke Cigarette Seeks Cigarette Soaks Chloraphenol Treated Hood Chlorcphenol Treated Wood ChiorophencI Treated Hood Chlcrophenol Treated iiood ' j 1J11 ! j iI 1 j i , i i ! | j j 1 j ! % ; | T1:! 1 i j i ji:1 j | ] 1 *| j } i i lU 1f` rtf - m : z z z 2 E S SAMPLE METHOD Sharie lr. i K/A 4 N/A 4m 4 K/A 4 K.A 4 K/A 4 KA 4 K'ft M.;A K/A Tw Open Fi-e 5 Open Fir; " open Fire 5 Gpen Fir; r j;=r, Fir; 5 0:;: Fi-e t Open Fir; 5 Open Firs 5 Open Firs c Open Firs 17 Sl/A 17 fi/A 7 N/A **Ta N/A 17 a/A 1*f? V h 17 N/A 17 N/A 17 N/A 17 N/A lr N/A i: N/A IF N/A 1? N/A 1? N/A 1? N/A IF N/A IF N/A IF N/A IF N/A 1? K/A 1? ` N/A IF N/A IF N/A IF K/A 20 N/A 31 N/A 3! N/A 31 N/A 31 N/A -3 -- es -- 33 K/A 53 N/A r: FS FE F3 FE FG FG r FE is;.;; Broke Snoke Gscxe Escrg nci'a Books seeks Seek; Srofce FS FE FE F3 FE FG FS FE FE FG FG FG FS FG FE FS FE FE FG FS FS FG FE FE FS FS BROKE SMOKE SKEKE 3H3KE Feed ree: FG . FS K/A K/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/5 K/A Filter FiIte' Filter Filter Alte riItsFilter Filter Filter Filter K/A N/A N/A N/A K/A N/A K/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A FILIES FILTER FILTER FILTER GS EE Blass sDcl Glass cel 5 Tri1s 5 Trials 3 Trials 5 Trials 3 Trials 3 Trials 3 Trials 3 Trials 5 Trials 5 Trials > Eiserisenis c Experiaents s Esperisents e Experiments 5 E;:pariseli; E Espercents c Exps'isects 5 Experiaer.ts 8 Experiments 3 Esperisents N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A K/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 Tests 2 Tests 2 Tests 2 Tests 3 Tests 3 Tests 3 Tests 5 Tests A AM Em FACT'EM N/A K/A N/A N/A N/A :i/A K/A N/A N/A N/A Basi: Extraction Basic Extraction Basic Extraction Basic Extraction Sasic Extraction Basic Extraction Basic Extraction Basic Extraction Basic Extraction Basic Extraction Benzene Benzene Esnzene Benzene Benzene Esnzene Benzene Benzene Benzene Benzene Ben:ene/Hexare Benzene/Hexane Benzene/Hexane Ben:ens.`Hexane Benzene/Hexane Benzene/Hexane BEnzene/Hexane Benzene/Hexane Benzene/Hexane Benzene/Hexane Benzene/Kexans Benzene/Hexane Benzene/Hexane Benzene/Hexane Ben:ene/Hexsoe Benzene Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Soxhiet/Benzene Soxhiet/Benzene Soxhiet/Benzene Soxhiet/Benzene ANALYSIS N/A N/A N'A N/A K/A N/A N/fl N/A N/A ft:A SC/NS EE/KS SC/NS SC/NS EC/NS SC.MS 33/ME SC/NS SC/HS EC/KS SC/NS SC/NS SC/NS SC/NS EC/NS SC/NS SC/NS EC/HS SC/NS SC/NS SC/NS SC/NS SC/NS SC/NS EC/NS SC/NS SC/NS SC/NS SC/NS SC/NS BC/RS SC/NS SC/NS SC/NS SC/NS SC/NS SC/NS SC/NS EC/NS SC/NS Hass Frag. Hass rrag. Hass Frag. Hass Frag. >:?E=:-/Ti niciss SE1 4 "ETECTIGN limits ; N;A 4 N/A 4 N/fl N/A :m 4 N/A N/A 4 li/ i/fl T N7A 3 N/A 5 ` /A r K/ft 3 N/A r N/A 5 N/A N/A 5 N/A ? N/A 5 N/A 17 i.3-0.: cg/inject. !7 C.3-0.1 og/inject. 17 0.3-0.1 Ds/injEct. 17 0.3-0.1 ig/iriact. `j 0.3-0.1 e/injact. T 0.3-0.1 eg/iBjBct. 17 0.3-0.! e/inject. P 0.3-0.1 ag/inject. 17 0.3-0.1 a/ir.ject. 17 0.3-0.1 a/inject. 1Z N/A 1? /A L5 N/A 1? N/A 1- N/A 19 N/A 19 N/A 9 N/A 19 N/A 19 N/A 19 N/A 19 N/A 19 N/A 9 N/A 19 N/A 20 N/A 3! 10 pg/cigaratta 31 N/A 31 m 31 N/A 35 N/A 53 N/A Ww N/A 55 N/A :ECHES T.r;- PSCDD H6CDD H7CD dcd: TCDD PSCDD HaCDD H7C2D GCDD 7C0D P-CDD H6CDE H7CDC 3C2D T4CDF P5CDF H6CDF K7CDF OCDF TCSF P5CDF H6CDF H6CSF OCDF TCDD F5CDD HCSD H7C3D GCDD TCDF TCDF TCSF TCDF TCDF TCDF TCDF TCDF TCDF TCDF TCDF TCDF TCDF TCDF TCDF FCBF TCDD H6CDD H7CDD CED TCDD RCDD TCDD PC3D iscmes c:1::. DATA VASIAS!!"- F?.E*:UF52=S :9.S: *J3/g feed 2.4 - 23( ug/g feed Tr:ehlarlade.*.:!ate 34.7C ug/g fee-d 1 .2 - Si ug/g teso T-ichloracr.sr.lata 3.92 ug/g fssd ND - 9 gu/g ;se: Tricolorcpheoclais 1.72 ug/g feed ND - S ug/g ;s=o Triciicrcpr.anciata 1.32 u:/g feed HD - 6 ug-:g ;esd 32.5 ug/g feed 10 - 143 ug/g rssc Tsirsohiorcpder.oUcs 97.3 ug/g feed 14 - 240 ug/g fssd TetrachicrophsnQiate 154.4 ug/g feed 17 - 36C ug/g feed Tecrachiorcchenclats 43.3 ug/g feed IQ - 93 u:/g feed Tetrachicrcpher.oiate NS N/A Tsorschlorccnenciaie 1.4 ag/fcg feed ND - 3.0 pps 2,4,5 T ND N/A 2,4,5 T ND N/A 2,4,5 T NO N/A 2,4,5 T HD N/A 2,4,3 T 2.72 ag/kg feed ND - 3.0 ag/kg fsad 2,4,5 T 2.35 ag/icg fssd ND - 7.1 ag/kg feed 2,4,5 T 1.56 ag/kg feed ND - 4.9 ag/kg *eed 2,4,5 T 0.39 ag/kc read ND - 3.4 ag/kg feed ND- N/A 2,4,5 T n * S t. 300 ug/g fee: N/A TricMorobercere 2200 ug/g feed N/A Trichlorobenzene 1100 ug/g feed N/A TrichlorcbeRzane 100 ug/g feed N/A Trichlcrofcensene ND N/A 7r:chlorobenzene 0 ug/g fssd N/A Trichicrebenzene 40 ug/g reed N/A Trichlorchenzene ND N/A Trichlorobenzene ND N/A Trichlorobenzene ND N/A Trichlcrobenzene 1.6 t N/A 2452?4'5?Hexachlorobiphenyl 0.3Z N/A 2452'4'5'Hexsohlcreb:phenyl 0 .2 1 N/A 2452'4'3'hexachlarca:phenyl <0 .1 1 N/A 2452'4'5fHexact1are:ipheny1 <0 .1 2 N/A 2432'4'5'Hexachcrcbiphenyl 0.752 N/A Arcelor 1254 0.60 2 N/A Arcelor 1254 0.252 N/A Arador 1254 <0 .0 2 2 N/A Arco!or 1254 <0 .0 2 1 N/A Areolar 1254 0.52 N/A 2462'4?5'Hexacb!orcbipbenyl 0.52 N/A 2462'4,5'HaxaohIorcbipbeny! 0.35 2 <0 .0 1 2 N/A 242'4'5?H9xachlcrabiphenyI N/A 2462'4'5'Hsxaobiarobiphenyi <0 .0 1 2 N/A 2462'4i5iHexa:hlcrobiphenyl 0 .1 2 - several 2 N/A 18 PCS Isosers ND N/A Tobacco 3.0, 4.2 pg/cigaratt N/A Tobacco 3.5, 9.0 pg/cigarett N/A Tobacco 50, IS pg/cigarstie N/A Tobacco 0.7 ug/g rsed N/A X trichLorapbenoUts 11 ug/g feed N/A K trichlcrsphenulate 69.9 ug/g feed 1.8 - 230 ug/g feed K tricfticrephenalate 131.2 ug/g feed 6.2 - 385 ug/g feed K trienlaropher.olate i i !i A>I fi r i i \ I i I i if i 1! j j J | i 1 j j. s Ji 1 1 1 i i j *t 1 '1 i * <11 jfl il f ill] II zr-z?*i.z:anL a.ttkia r *t s o l i n g conization *fint.tu1 Sued. !f A Poll. Res. Ir.si. * M Sued. & l A Poll. Rss. Inst. i Sued. H arA Pell. Res. Inst. 4 SwBd. fci& A Pall. Res. Inst. * Sued. s 1 h Fell. Res. Inst. 4 Sued. * = A Pell. Res. Inst. 4* Swed. K 1 A Fell. Res. Inst. Owed, ti * A Poll. Res. Inst. 4 Sued, ii= A Pall. Res. Inst. 4 Sued. $ A Pail, Res, Inst. r Sued. UfcA Pellation Rss. Lab 5 Sued. ilLA Pollution Res. Lab 5 Sued. ti!-A Pollution Res. Lab c Sued. WiA Pollution Res. Lab <J Sued. tt'lA dilution Rss. Lab Snsd. Wlfh Fellutisn Res. Lab e rued. i&A Pollution Res. Lab c Sued. JfSiA Pollution Res. Lab 5 Sued. i&A Polluticn Res. Lab 5 Sued. W&A Pollution Res. Lab IT Swiss Fed. Res. Station 47t Swiss Fed. Res. Station 17 Swiss Fed. Res. Station 17 Swiss Fed. Res. Station 17 Swiss Fed. Res. Station 17 Swiss Fee. Rss. Station 17 Swiss red. Res. Station 17 Swiss Fed. Res. Station 17 Swiss Fed. Res. Station 17 Swiss Fed. Res. Station tC Swiss Fed. Res.Station 19 Swiss Fed. Res.Station 19 Swiss Fed. Res.Station 19 Swiss Fed. Res.Station 19 5wiss Fed. Res.Station 19 Swiss Fed. Res.Station ;9 Swiss Fed. Res.Station l? Swiss Fed. Res.Station 19 Swiss Fed. Res.Station 19 Swiss Fed. Res.Station 19 Swiss Fed. Res.Station 19 Swiss Fed. Res.Station 19 Swiss Fed. Res.Station 19 Swiss Fed. Res.Station 19 Swiss Fed. Res.StatiGn 20 Swiss Fed. Res. Station 31 Cow Chemical 31 low Cheaical 31 Cow Cneeica! 31 Dow Checical 5c5r UniY. of Stockholm univ. of Stcckhola iin:v. of Stooknole 55 liniv. of Stcckhola - 7 ; T i ? : I i i 6 I I I I 6 S S 0 I s s 6 E 6Arj 6 E R am 5 3A6 6 S G S B e S 6 3S 5 h 6 e G S G G G 5 Ei =E-:kE`:'A: ?.Er ? uc-e -.e 53 5; evi*e 3; `53 35 55 33 5 77 .* w "TT /^ 73 7T V 73 73 73 73 73 7 78 75 73 78 78 78 73 73 73 73 78 78 73 78 76 73 . 73 78 73 76 72 73 73 78 73 7S 73 72 57 sccece t "=2 EXrEr.I.^TAL EXPERIMENTAL EYrEFI-EhTfiL EXPERIMENTAL EXFE-inE'iTAL iriSlCAL EXPERIMENTAL E/FEEI"ENTAL EXPERIMENTAL exfe=:?e?;tal EXPERIMENTAL E'PERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMETAL experimental EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL FACLITY Pilt Incinration Pila: Incineraien Pile: Incinration Piiet Incinration Pi:et Incinration Pilot Incinration Pilot Incinration Pile: Incinsrtian Filet Incineratici! Pilot Incinration Piiet Incineratinn Vegetatie Coabition Vegetatie Eosbustian Vegetable Coabustian Vegetaci* Ccnheeticn Vegetacie Contestier. Vegetatie Cosbosticn Vegetatie Coabitatian Vegetacie Coobustian Vegetacie Consuetion Vegetable Coabustion Vegetable Cosbustior. Vegetable Coabustion vegetable Caahustion quart: sini aapouias N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A riuitfized 3ed Gven EC'-RCE CHARAC7. Cbio-cphenSi Treated Need Chiorapnsr.c Treated Kcsd Chicrahene: Treated seed Chisrcphsne: T-eatai keed Chicrcphenai Treated seed Chierap*.encl Treated Sscd Ch.lcrcpitensl Treated Need Chicropnenoi Treated fcccd Chicreptend Treate: '*:cd Chlorsphensl Treated ee: Chiersphenei Treated Sieed Chestnuts Chestnuts Chestnuts Chestnuts Miscsa Misssa Kifiosa Misesa Fruit/Vegetables Fruit/Vegetables Fruit/Vsgetabies Fruit/Vegetables Ail Vegetables Tested 500 - 00 C quart: tube (00 C) quart: tube (00 Cl quart: tube (00 Cl quart: tube (00 Z) quart: tube (00 C quart: tube (00 CJ quart: tube (600 Cl quart: tube (0C Cl quart: tube (00 C) quart: tube (00 C) quart: tube (00 Cl quart: tube (00 C quart: tube (00 Cl quart: tubs (00 Cl quart: tube (00 C) quart: tube (00 Cl quart: tube (00 Cl quart: tube (00 Cl quart: tube (00 Cl quart: tube (00 Cl quart: tube (00 Cl quart: tube (00 C) quart: tube (00 CJ quart: tube (00 CJ quart: tube (600 C5 quart: tube (00 Cl quart: tubs (00 Cl quart: tube (600 Cl u-- =y: E' H_ S.wU.ia l- =:::eee:: SAMPLE fiETrCD SAHFlE nuk. r- -- ___ TW-Z -- rr it/a 55 K/ft cr -- rr -- 55 N/A rr :;/a 55 -- " ft.'A rr S/A 73 N/S 73 N*A 73 K/A 7^ ./A * k/a 73 N/A 73 N/A 73 N/A 73 N/A 7: K/A 73 N/fi 73 N'A 73 /A ~i K/A 7E K/A 78 K/A 72 K/A 72 K/A 73 A 72 K/A 73 U! A 75 K/A 78 N/A 78 K/A 73 K/A 78 N/A 72 K/A 78 N/A 7S N/A 78 N/A 75 N/A 73 N/A 78 K/A 72 K/A 78 K/A 72 N/A 78 K/A 78 K/A 72 N/A 78 K/A 78 K/A 72 K/A 87 K/A Feed read F2 F5 Feed Fee; F2 r*: Feed F2 F5 F3 F2 F3 Ci Fu F2 F5 FS F2 F5 F FB FS FB Feed Feed reed Feed Feed Feed Feed Feed ^ * ** re F5 F FS FB FS F5 FS F2 F2 FG FS FB FS FS FS FS FS F3 FA 52 SS Glass liso! z.iZ3 so:! cr 83 8:ass fior Blase Loo: 22 21 see Wccl class o:i K/A K/A K/A N'A N/A K/A N/A N/A K/A K/A K/A N/A K/A N/A *s:l Trap liozl Trap Noel Trap Ucci Trap Kooi Trap Wool Trap isocl Trap bissi Trap Kcsi Trap Nod Trap Usci Trap Wool Trap ticoi Trap Usc Trap d:cj Trap Mesi Trap Nod Trap hissl Trap KssI Trap ' Keel Trap Koo: Trap Wool Trap Hoc! Trap oc! Trap Wool Trap (tool Trap itoci Trap Wool Trap ES 3 Tests 5 Tests 3 Tesis 3 Tests 3 Tests 5 Tests 5 Tests 5 Tests 5 Tests 5 T=sts 3 Tests K/A N/A N/A N/A K/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A K/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/fi N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/fi N/A N/A N/A N/fi N/A N/A N/A N/A N/fi N/A N/fi N/fi N/fi EXTRACTION c:fiiet/`Ber.:e."5 5:::hiet/5s;zane Scxnlst/Eer.zene Soxniet.renzens Sc^hlEt/rerzE'E Gaxhlet/ser.zsiE Soxhiei/Eenzerie xexhlet/renzene Soxriei/Bsr.zefie Scxhlet/Benzene SoxhEt/Senzene N/A K/A N/A K/A K/A N/fi N/A N/fi N/A N/A N/A N/fi N/A N/fi Soxhlst/Benzene Scxfiiet/3en:ene Soxhlet/Benzene Scxfilet/Senzene Scshlet/Benzene Soshiet/Benzene Scxhlefc/certzene Scxhlet/Benzene Scxhiet/Benzene Soxhiet/Ser.zer.e Soshlet/Benzene EoxMei/Eenzene Scxhlet/Benzene Soxhlet/Benzene Scxhlet/Benzene Sexhiei/Serizene Soxnlet/Benzene Soxhiet/Benzene Soxhiet/Benzene Soxhiet/Benzene Soxhiet/Benzene Scxhlet/Benzene Saxhiet/Benzene Soxhiet/Benzene Scxhlet/Benzene Soxhlet/senzene Soxhiet/Benzene Soxhlet/Benzene N/fi ANALYSIS Nsss Fra;. Kass Frac. hass F-as. iiass Frac. fiass Fra:. f.ass Frac. fiass F-a:. Nass F-ac. Kass Fra:. Mass Frac. has= Fra;. s:/ks * SC/."S e:/!s s:/k= SC/f!3 B3/7.S SC/NS BC/S3 SC/KS EG/NS SC/HS SC/"2 5C/RS SC/SS SC/KS EC/KS BE/NS GC/.NS SC/HS 6C/NS SC/HS SC/HS SC/HS SC/ SC/HS SC/HS SC/HS SC/HS SC/HS SC/HS SC/HS ec/HS SC/HS SC/HS SC/HS SC/HS SC/HS EC/HS SC/HS SC/HS SC/HS SC/HS EC/KS -M n=E=I!SS7AL !" - * V Z Z ~ I V . L77.IT3 5= !-/A 35 li!A rr H/A rr N/A rr K/~ rr N/A rr fi rr ii? 35 **'n* rr ii/A rWwr K/A /w 8 /fi 7? K/A ?T /A K'A ?i A '" N> 73 ii/A ^7 K/A 77 fi/A 7? N/A T--i H/A 77 K/A 73 ii/A 7c ii/A 70 0.07 ppb 72 0.03 ppb 76 0 .1 ppb '0 0.3 ppb '3 C.0C3 72 0 .C1 :3b 73 0.03 ppb 73 0.03 ppb 73 0.07 ppb 72 0 .1 Opt 7= 0.3 ppb '2 r* ff""b 73 0.03 203 72 0 .1 ppb 73 0.3 ppb 73 0.7 ppb 73 0.07 ppb 7S 0 .2 ppb 7c 0 ,2 p-pb ?3 0.3 ppb 73 0 .0b ppb 72 0 .1 ppb :? 0.3 ppb 7E 0 ,6 ppb 73 0.3 ppb 73 0.4 spb 73 2 ?=b 73 3 ppb 27 ii/A ::3wi= TCDD FCDD TCDD FC2D TCDD "COD rc:: PCH PCDD TCDD crrjr TCDD PCDD ' 7CDF PCD? TCDD fCDD 7CDF . FCDF TCDD FC20 7CDF PCDF FCM/FCSF PC20/?CDF TCDD HiCDD H7CDD CCDD TCDD HsCDD H7CDD CCDD TCDD HiCDD H7CUS OCE-D 7CDS HiCDD H7CD0 DC5D TCDD HaCDD H7CDD GCDD TCDD HiCDD H7CD2 CCDD TCDD HiCDD H7CBD CCDD TCDD i=:^n :ck:. :ata vAFih-iLir ?F."Cli?.SjS 0.4 Ug/O :=: i.4 uo/g feed 52.5 aa/c Feed 34i -5/: issi 0 .2 ug/: fee: 2.4 ag/g Fes: ND 0.23i uc/g Feed 12.3 ug:g Feed 0.44 uc/g tssd 15.44 ug/c feed Trace is uq/g feed Trace 29? ug/g teed 7-acs li ug/g Feed Trace 95 ug/g Feed 35 ug/g teed 202 ug/q Feed 21 ug/g Feed li? ug/g Feed HD N/A HD NO HD HD HD . ND ND ND HD ND ND ND ND ND O.i ng/g Feed 1.3 ng/g teed ND HD 0.5 ng/g Feed 2.7 ng/g Feed 1.4 ng/g feed 3.4 ng/g Feed 25 ng/g Feed 64 ng/g geed 1.2 ng/g Feed 29 ng/g Feed ?! ng/g Feed 290 ng/g Feed 2? ppb N/A Ns Tstraohirophsr.yl ft/A Ns Tstracnloropnenpl 10-140 ug/g -eed Ns Teiracblorophend 31*334 ug/g tese ris Tetraohio'ophsnol ft/h TatrsrbicrnphEncUtetCUsalts; N.A TstrachiorcphanciateiCUsalisi H/A TrtrsonicruphenoiaieiCljsaltsi HS - 0.3 ug/g Fee: TstrscbiorophenolateiCUsal'ts: N/A Per.tacnlo'ophsnci ND - 2 uc/g Fee: rentacniorcpheno] .9 - 41 ug/g Fee: ^entachioropbeno! N/A Vegetables plus Cl N/A Vegetables plus Cl N/A vegetables plus Cl N/A Vegetables plus Cl ii/A Vegetables plus 21 N-'A Vegetables plus Cl N/A vegetables plus Cl N/A Vegetables plus Cl N/A Vegetables plus Cl N/A Vegetables plus Cl N/A Vegetables plus Cl N/A Vegetables plus Cl N/A vegetables only 0.1 - 4.3 l . PCSPEs N/A Feed/Caai N/A Feed/Caai N/A t-eed/Ccsi N/fi Feed/Caai N/A Feed/HCi N/A Feed/HCI H/A Feed/HC: N/A Feed/HC1 N/A Cl2 * Air N/A C12 + A:r H/A C12 + Air N,A C12 + Air ii/A Coal * Air N/A Coal * Air H/A Coal + Air N/A Coal + Air N/A Coal * Air + NaCl N/A Coal t Air r NaCl N/A Coal t Air * Had N/A Coal + Air t NaCl N/A Coal + Air F HC1 N/A Coal t Air * HC1 N/A Coal + Air + HCI N/A Coal f Air A HCl N-'A Coal * Air * C12 N/A Coal * Air + Cl2 N/A Coal Air * C12 N/A Coal - Air * 212 N/A FCF/Hv:ocnl:rita e^ er^ ' al r -::n RSr ? \Z t t Z ' 71"' -*7Ar' 7 " *5 [ : \ . i ;. \ . \ ;~ ,J ; ; ,/ ; { ; ` ; j <n } ' TM A' `>1 *' wi w m i l ci iti in m J en m Tm it m n i m m o u m rr iiniv. s tGc.hcln EE ni. si Stcciihcl:: niv. s S:c:i:r.:;c 5E Univ. o- Sccckhsi:: rr Univ. c* Stcc-his t*s nh. s S:::-,:,:!: Univ. s Stocks:.: er Ur.iv. s StschaU n:v. s Stscihrls Univ. s S:::i:h:ls Univ. s Eiszl;r:;c Universit Rsu: Universit Rese universiis Rena Universit Esca Uriversits :ci= Universit 'sr. Universit Essa Universit Rana Univers:ts Resa Universit Rena Universit Rena Universit Rena Universit Essa liniV o* Uses Dow Chesicai Den Chesica! Dok Chssica! 2s Chesicai Dsk Chesicai Dok Cneeical Bdk Chesicai Dok Cascina; Bk Chesica! Son Unesica! Dsk Chesicai Den Chesicai Dow Cheeica! Ssk Chesicai Dok Ches:ca! Dow Chemical Dsk Chesicai Dow Chesicai Dsk Chesica! Scw Chesicai Dow Chesica! Dow Chesica: Bsk Chesica! Dok CheEica: Dgk Chesicai Den Chesica! Dsk Chesicai Dcw Chesicai S7 Krighi State University RAT 's cs 3S T 3 c 33 I 1 * 7 1r I I I i T e s ++ 0 35 s s s s s s Gs e s s As c 3 6jnN* a *% B n b A-50 BOLP.CE TYPE Z ; experimental EXPERIMENTAL c7 EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL m-- EXFEEIMENTA. S' EXPEPCENTAL 27 EXrFIKENTAL Z i EXPERIMENTAL 11 EXPERIMENTAL 11 EXFERIMEMTAi. 11 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL =2 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL 'TL EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL -2 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL 2 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL =2 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL =2 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL sr EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL ;- EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL =2 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL z*r EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL 92 EXPERIMENTAL FACILITY Fluidize: Bee Over. Fluidized Bad Oven Fluidize: Bad Over. PIddized Bed Oven Fluidized Bad Over. Fluidized Bed Oven Fluidized Bed Over. Flu::i:sd Bed Oven Fluidized Bed Over Fluidized Bed Qvsn Fluidized Bed Oven open Fire Gpen Fire Coen Fire Open Fire Open Fire Open Fire Cpen Fire Open Fire Gpen Fire Open Fire Open Fire Coen Firs Open Fire Open Fire Open Fire Open Fire Open Fire Open Fire Open Fire Open Fire Open Fire Open Fire Open Firs Open Fire Open Fire Open Fire Open Fire Open Fire Open Fire Open Fire Open Fire Open Fire Open Fire Open Fire Open rire Open Fire Open Fire Open Fire Open Fire Open Fire Open Fire Open Fite Open Fire sglpce m a r a c t . Paints: so:d Painted co: Paints: Need PC? cod PCP Woo: PC? k!o:c PCF Wood caoer iHvpocnlorite' Pacer (Hypochlorite) 'Paper Hyro:hIor:tSi Paper (Hypccnlontei CMcrophsnate Pyrolysis Chlorophsnais Pyrolysis Chlcrophensts Pyrcivsis Cnlcrochena's Pyrolysis Chlarsphenaia ?yr:.y=:s Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Chlorophe.nats Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Chiornphsnate Pyrolysis Chiorophenats Pyrolysis Chlcrcpherais Pyrolysis Chlcrop.ienatg Pyrolysis Ch:o"o:hsnate Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Chicrophsnats Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis ChlorophenaiE Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Chloropnenaoe Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Cnlcrophenate Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis Chiorophenate Pyroivsis Chiorophenate Pyrolysis lti?.: .`.EN'AL :7 !*cr H r f' r- Ufi: B7 N/fi 7 u a 57 K/A T N/A 07 N/A 57 Uh S7 /fi S~ u; 57 Ufi c- N/fi * A/A 57 Ufi C" K/h 51 Uh -. Ufi 52 N/fi 52 K/fi cr K/i ** ii/A 52 K/A 52 K/fi 52 Ufi 52 K/A 52 K/A 52 fi/fi 52 K/fi 52 Ufi 52 N/fi 52 N/A 52 K/fi -1* 7* U f i 52 K/fi 52 K/fi 52 K/fi i*' K/fi 52 NVA 52 K/A 92 Ufi 52 Ufi 92 N/A 52 K/A 52 ' K/fi 52 K/A 52 K/fi 52 K/A 52 K/fi cn Ufi 52 K/ft 52 K/A 52 K/fi 52 K/A 52 fi/fi 52 K/A SAfiFLE SAUCE UN. r-A FA -A FA fa rfi FFA T-hf ft Fes: Fee: rsil Feed Feed F2 Fa FE Fa FE fish Ash fish Asr, fish FE FS FE FS FE Fa FE Fa FE "c FE FE FE "5 FS Feed Feed Fase Fe s : Feed Fc FE Fa FE Fb reso FS FS EE EE SS EE EE :: **C EE EE EE EE EE EE 55 EE SS Char. F;it Char. Fiit Char. Fill Char. Fi1t Char. FiIt EE SE SS SE SS XAD-: Flit XAD-2 F:!t XAE-2 F:lt SAD-2 Flit XAS-2 nit Char. Filt Char. Fill Char. Filt Char. Fii: Char, Filt XAD-2 Flit XAS-2 filt XfiS-2 Flit XAD-2 Filt XAD-2 Filt SS SE S SE SE Char. Fill Char. Flit Char. Fii* Char. Filt Char. Fii: SS Char. nit Char. Filt K/fi K/A K/fi K/A K/A K/fi K/fi K/fi K/fi K/fi K/A N/fi K/A K/A N/fi K`A N/A K/A K/A K/A K/A K/fi N/fi K/A K/fi K/fi N/A N/fi K/A K/A N/fi N/A U fi K/A K/fi K/A fi/fi N/A N/fi N/A N/fi K/A K/A N;A N/A N/fi K/A K/A N/A K/A N/A N/fi N/fi N/A =7r.-:" 2\- Ufi ft-r TA !>ifi N/fi K. N/A Ufi Uh N/A K/fi SonnietMstnyisns Chiends Scnhiet/Kathyieite ChIoride ScnhletMethylene Chlorids Sc::hlEt/histhylsn& Chlorids SonhletMethylens Colorite SonhletMsihyisna Chor:oe EcnhletMsihylsr.s Chlor:de SaxhletMethylene Chlorids SenhletMsthvlene Chloride Sor.h1st/fsthvlans Ch1or:2 Soxhiet/.1stfeylene Chioriss Sa::hist/Msthylsne Chior:de SoshletMsinyiene Ch:orids SonhletMethylsne Chlorids SonnietMethylsns Chior:ds So,"hist/flsthylsns Chloride Eoshlet/lathy1sns Chiorids Sesti!et/Methylens Chlor:de SonnietMethylene Chloride Sentiiet/Nettiviene Chioride SenhUt/fisthylene Chlorids Soxhlet/fiethylene Chloride SexhieiMethylsns Chlorids Sexh!et.Methylens Chlor:fis SorbistMethylene Chlorids SentiieiMethylens Chlorids SonhlstM ethy1ene Chior:de EaxhieiMethylens Chloride Soxh!et/Hethyiens Chlorids SentiietMethylene Chloride SonhietMeihyiens Chloride SonhietMethvlene Chloride SonhletMethylene Chion ce SarchietMethylene Chioride SentiietMethylene Chlorids SorbetMethylene Chloride SonhietMstnylene Chloride Se-rhletMethylene Chicrice SoxhletMeihyiene Chloride SoxnletMathviene Chloride Sonhiet/letftylene Ch:or:de SonhietMethylene Chicrise SorbietMethylene Cnicrids ANfi_YE:: 5CMS ECMS 2C/.S E2/f!E SCMS SCMS ECMS SCMS SEME EC/hE 5C/KS ECME SCMS SCME EC/hE ECME SC/1S ECMS sc/:s EC/NE SEME ECME SCMS EC/hE SCMS EC/hE SCMS EC/hE SCMS SC/fiE SEME SCMS ECME SCMS SEME. SCMS SCMS ECME ECMS ECME ECME SCMS SCMS SCMS ECMS SCMS SCMS SCMS SC/SS SCMS ECMS SCMS SCMS SCMS i A i~<' :.ir - e- !:/A r .VA z" h/A S.A 37 E7 N;i =7 n/: h/A 57 X/A K/A 57 fi/; 92 0.91 - 0 .2 0 1:2/5 52 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/c 92 9.01 - 0 .2 0 u:/c C"- \ \ .cu 5 .5 52 2.01 - 0 .2 0 uc/g 52 0 .0 : - 0 .2 0 ug/g 52 0 .C1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g 52 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ag/5 92 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g 92 0.0: - 0 .2 0 uc/g 92 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g 3*5 0.0 1 - G.20 ug/c 92 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/q 52 0 .01 - C.2 0 ug/g 52 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g C'74 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/c 52 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g 92 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g 52 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g 92 0 .0 1 - C.2G ug/g 52 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g 92 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g 92 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g 52 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g 52 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g 92 G.01 - 0.20 ug/g 92 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g 92 0.C1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g 92 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g C7 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g 92 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g 52 0 .G1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g 52 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 1 ug/g 92 C.OI - 0 .2 0 ug/g 52 0.01 - C.20 ug/g 52 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g 92 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g 52 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g 92 0 .01 - 0 .2 0 ug/g 92 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g 92 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g 52 0.0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g 92 0 .0 1 - 0 .2 0 ug/g ISO1*" FC2I 7""FCiF reor ;r r.r, t:o7 f:ef TCOO ICO" FCDF 7222 F5S0D He":: H72DD GODO t:dd P5CED HCDD H7CDD 3C52 reso P5CBB H62DS H7CSD GCDD 7C2D F5C30 HSE3D H7CBD GOOD TCDD P5CB3 HiCBD H7C&B GOOD CDS P5G3D H5CCD H7CS0 0C32 7CSD F22D2 HGSB H7CDD c:os TOSO P5C3B H6CDC H7CDD GCDD peso 7CG8 F3EBD :S2NEF 2CS2. l'7 ecclO: 302 :i7 aafc 47 pah 324 ps: 57 p=s 241 :?t i pc: 24 ::: 4 ape 12 pct 0.7 ug/g feed 5.2 ug/g feed 5.5 us;g feed 3.6 ug/g feed 0.7 ug/c feed 35 ug/g fasi 90 uc/g feed 30 ug/g tee: S ug/g feed 0.3 ug/g fase 17 ug/g feed 5H ug/g tesa 74 ug/g feed IS ug/g :eec i.4 ug/g resi 26 ug/c feed 55 ug/g read 57 ug/g feed S ug/g feed 0 .2 ug/g feed 56 ug/g fase 120 ug/g fesa 110 ug/g feed 65 ug/g feed 1 .2 ug/g feed 210 ug/g feed 357 ug/c feed 347 ug/g feed 29 ug/g feed 1 .2 ug/g feed 0.4 ug/g feed 3.5 ug/g feec 5.3 ug/g feed 2 .1 ug/g feed 0.3 ug/g feed 30 ug/g feed 34 ug/g feed 32 ug/c feed 3.2 uc/g feed 0.4 ug/g feed N& 2100 ug/g feed 5.0 ug/g feed - r v .-fi...;.* PEEEUESuRS K/A F-F/Bypcchlcrits Hj ; FCr/Hypscslsrite fi/A PEF/HypccMcrite fi/A PC?/Hypsehisrite Ii/A PCr/Hypcchlcrite N/A PEP/Hvpcchlcrits N/A F2?/Hype"Isrice S/ft FEP/Hycschlcrite N/A PC?/Hypccilarice N/A Fu?/Hy:schiarite K/A ?C'/Hypa:hcrete S/fl SERVANEli K/A SERVARE! K/A SERVARE! N/A SERVARE) K/A SERVARE! N/A SERVAREX/Sircr. N/A 3SRVAREX/S:re* K/A SERVARSX/Birch N/A SSRVAREX/Bireh K/A SERVAEEX/3'.rch N/A SERVAREI/Brch N/A SERVARE!/Birch N/A SERVAF.EX/3ir=h K/A SERVARE!/sirch N/A SSSVAREX/Eirch N/A SERVAREI/Brcft N/A SERVARSI/Siran N/A SERVAREX/Birce N/A SERVARE!;Birch N/A SERVAREX/Birch N/A SERVARE):/yasd MesiN/A SERVARSI/Naca sai N/A SERVAREX/iioad sci N/A SERVARE!/Ucsd Issai N/A SERVARE!/caa licci N/A SERVARE!/sad lice: N/A SERVARE!/head sci N/A SERVARSI/Sicsd Caci N/A SERVARE!/Ucci Vosi N/A SERVAREX/Haad Usai N/A kY - 5 N/A kY - 5 N/A kY - 3 N/A feY - 5 N/A kY - 3 N/A KY - 5/Birch N/A KY - 5/2:rch N/A KY - 5/21rch N/A KY - 5/3:rch N/A KY - 5/Birch N/A 2t4.-Tr:-2i-Fhens:e N/A 2f4,-Tri-C-PenatB N/A 2,4.6-Tri-C-Fheiuts f::r 5 SA^-'.S z r iirigr.t ;ia:s Uriv=r.5it> c~ fcrigh: Stats University 37 'irr: State University 37 t-igst Stats University rigr.t : : e ;; University "7 wrier: Stats Un;ve-=itv : Urieht ::s:e Urivarsity 37 brig:: Scats Un:ver=:ty 7 Orient Stats University z m irisr: StatE diversity 37 bright Stats Ur:vers:tv ** Univ. cf Uaea, Sweden c2 Univ. c? iicsa. Sweden 7* Univ. :f Ursa. SsEcsn L;:.iv. cf Ursa, Swede:. 92 tin:v. cf Ursa. Sweden 92 liniv. cf Usee. Sweden 92 Liniv, cf Usea, Sweden 92 liniv. cf Uses, Swecer 92 Univ. 2* iicsa. Sweden 92 liniv. zi Usea, SwEder. 32 Univ. cf Uaea. Sweden 92 liniv. cf liiisa. Sweden. 92 liniv. cf lisea, Sweden 92 2n:v. 2* liaea, Swecen 92 Uriv. cf Usea. 5weden 92 lir.iv. cf Uses, Sweden 92 Univ. of Uaea, Sksseh 32 lihiv. cf Ucea, Sweden 92 Univ. cf Us e s , Sweden *2 Univ. cf Uaea, Swsdsr. 32 Univ. cf Uc&a, Swsdsr. 92 Univ. cf liaea, Sweden 92 Univ. cx beea. Sweden c*r* liniv. cf liaaa, Sweden 32 Univ. cf Uaea, Sweden 92 lir.iv. cf Urea. Sweden 92 Univ. cf Ueea, Sweden 92 liniv. cf Uaea, Sweden 92 Univ. cf liaea. Sweden 92 Univ. cf Uaea, Sweden 92 lir.iv. of Uaea, Sweden sn Univ. cf lisea, Sweden 92 lir.iv. cf lisea, Sweden 92 liniv. cf licsa, Sweden 92 Univ. cf lisea, Sweden 92 Univ. cf lisea, Sweden 92 Univ. cf Licea. Sweden 92 Univ. cf Usea, Sweden 92 Univ. cf lisea. Sweden Univ. cf :Jasa, Sweden 92 lir.iv. c? Uaea, Swscen 92 Univ. cf Usea, Sweden 92 Univ. cf Uaea, Sweden REF i 3" C**m ?2 7_ -- +u ;c*' 100 :oc:oc 100 :oc 1;1 :oo 100 ICO 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 ICO 100 13s 113 i:: 1:3 sou-:* type EXPERIMENTAL EXPEEIMEN7AL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL E/FERlMEfrAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPEF.IMEii'AL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMEK'AL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTA. EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL experimental EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL FACI.IT'r C-sen firs Open Firs 0;sn Firs Open firs Open Firs Goer Firs Span Fire Span Fire Open Firs -hicrspnsnsi Ccabustisn Chisrcphsnol Caabusiicn Chicroptienoi Cceaustion Cniorophenol Ccabustior, Chlarnshenoi Casbustion Cbicrepnenc! Ccahustiac Cnlcrcphe/iel Caaausiicr. Chlsropnenci Casbustion Chlarochenal Casbustion Chiarcpnenci CoabustiBR Chlcraphencl Coebustian ChiGraphenol Coabustisn Chiorapnenol Coebustion Chlorcphenal Coabustion Chicrsphenci Ccshuscicr. ChicrcpheRsI Casbustion Chioresner.al Ccahusticn ChloropbEnol Cosbustian Chlcrachsnci Combustion CblorcpRer.al Casbustion Chlcrophsncl Casbustion Chiorashenol Casbustion N/A Quart: Tube Quart: Tubs Quartz Tube Cnlarcanar.cie Pyra'.ys: Chlcrcar.snsii Pyrolysis Chloropnsnsts Pyrolysis Ch:cropnsna:s svro:ys;s Ehioraphscats Pyrolysis Ch:croonsnats Fyro1ys:s Chicrophsnats Pyrolysis Chlorcpftenata Pyrolysis Chiorapnenste Pyrolysis N/A 700 C, 15 700 C. 15 900 C. 35 K/ft N/A 700 c, 0.7 se: 900 -!, 3.4 sec 70C C, 0.7 sec 900 *> 3.4 se: N/A N/A 700 r*** 0.5 sec 900 C, 1.6 se: 700 E, 0.5 sec 900 c, 1.6 sec N/A N/A 250 C 900 C. 0.67 sec 25C C 900 C, 0,67 see Treated Paper and Srass Virgin Pins Pine and HCi Fine and HCI it i"-33ZEGEG EAr1^! r'H22 EAfiFLE Kr.. 91 N A 92 N;r 92 N/h 2 h/A r .\ A N/A *-- N.r cr N/A T _ H/A 100 Lie t urr. 100 L: Fur-, no La: F.r: * >V Lab Fur: ioo Lab Fur:) CJL? La: Furr :X La: Furr. ICO La: Fur: 100 Lab Furr IvO Lit Furr; ICO Lab Furn 100 Lab Furr 100 Lab Furr 100 Lab Furn 100 uab Furr 1j Lab Furr 100 La: "urr 1*fvtfVt Lab Furr *. Lab Furr 100 Lab Furr 100 Lab Furr 00 Lab Furr ICS K/A 113 N/A 113 K/fi 113 H/A FE Crar. Fil: FS Char. F:1: r; Char. Filt fs;l 35 F: 2har. Fil: FG Ora-. Fil: re Char. ri:t F5 Char. rii: FE Char. Filt Feed S3 FE "etr. Tra: zz 1a:r Trap FG ..leth Trap read BE Fee: 33 zz flstr >a: FG hetr Trap F3 fistn Trap F5 lath Tra: ;3e: 5: rEsd zz FG flat: Trap FE Hsih Trap FG Hath Trap F5 Hath Trap reed sc Feed GG FG ilcth Trap FG leth Tra: FG leih T-ap FE leth Trap F3 Gaa Adsorp FG IAB-2 Trap FS 3JAC-2 Trap FE LAE-2 Trap K/A K/A H/ft H/A U/h H/A H/A K'A KA K/A H/A K:A N/h H/A H/A Hih N;A N/h H/A H/A K/A H/A H/A H/A H/A H/A K/A H/A K/A H/A H/A & Trials H/A H/A K/A EraOTlGK Eruf-isi/Fiatb/lsna Chloride Scsriet/lethyiers Chloride Souhiet/leorvlers Chloride Scshlst/Msthvlere Crier'.es Scuhieo/Ietryleoe Chio-ide Scrhlsi/IrthyLere Chloride Goal:at/Kethylera Erlcrioe Eoxhiet/laohylsre Chloride Eouhiet/heohylene Chloride Trisodius rn-sprats Trisodiur Phosphate TisobiuE Phosphate Triscdiuo Phosphate Trisodios Phosphate Trisociae Phosphate Trisodius Phosphate Triscdiu: Phosphate Trisccice Phosphate Trisobiuo Phosphate Trisodiuo Phosshaie - Trisodius Phosphate Trisocius Phosphate Triscdius Phosphate Triscdiui Phosphate Trisediisf Phosphate Trisodiur Phosphate Trisodiuc Phospnate Trisodiua Phosphate Trisodiua Phosphate TisodiuE Phosphats Trisodiue Phosphate Senzene/Ketharol m H/A H/A ANALYSIS 5C/K5 SC/fiG SC/1S SC/fiS e:/is 3C/HS 2/HE BC/KS SC/1S GC/fiS EC/ifS SC/15 EC/1S 3C/1S EC/SS SC;.15 S2/1G GC/1G SC/IS SC/IS SC/IS EC/1E SC/1G S3/IS SC/HS SC/1G EC/IS SC:15 EC/1G SC/IE SC/IS SC/1G GC/1S 2/1: SC/IS A_ cc " * -!, '.il u.1..; ?" k o : - o.;o -:/? c~ CK: - 0.-0 ug/g -2 OKI - 0.20 u:' zn OKI - 0.20 ug/ :r 0.K - 0.20 ::s/g ; CK; - V.20 ag'/g CK1 - C.20 ug/: CKl - 0.20 -3/; irr CK: - 0.20 u;.* id ;Va;*.mm. ici ib%*:"* 100 N/A KO N'A IO) K/A KO ?:'A #--1 i:/i fO N/A KO ri/fi ICC K/ft 100 N/A KO N/A *00 W/A KO N/A KO N/A KO N/A 100 N/A KO N/A 100 N/A KO `H KC N/A io N/A KS N/A 113 N/A 113 N/A 113 N/A ;.>= hc:o ptcd: gco: F2DC Tfr* ps"r:tj "::o H7CD3 22E-J FCDD/F2D? P3E2/PCS" PCD/F::tcdb/teof PCrS/rCSF TCDD/TCD? TCOD/73DF FCCD/FCDF pcbd/fc:7C0B/7C2F PCDD/PCSF 7CDD/TCDF 7CCC7TCDF -CDS/PCS" PCD2/PC2F 7CDD/TC2F TCBB/TCBF TCDS/TC2F TC3:TCDF FCDB/PCBF PCDD/PCDF 2,3,7.S TCDD PC3B/FCBF TCSD 2,3,7,S TC2S :ss?. 3ATA KFKEKITi "-rCll~~2r. 1.0 -g.g rs=: 3.0 ug/g fssd .C ug/g fssd *SD 3.2 u/g 14 j/.g resi 54 us.g ?sad 172 a.' fssd 7K ug/s fssd 0.13 flg/kq fssd 95 ag/k fssd 415 sg/kg fscd 31? cg/fcg fSEd l ng/k fssd lc e/kg fssd 3? cg/kg fssd 2 ag/fcg feed 771 eq/k feed 30? ag/kg Feed 24 sg/kg fssd 292 aq/fc fssd 4 ag/kg fssd 0.6 sg/kg feed 24? e/k fssd 134 ig/kg rssd .s ag/fcg resd 70.4 ag/kg resa 5 sg/k fssd 1.4 sg/k fssd 30 ag/k fssd 47.4 ag/kg fssd 0.375 ug/ TCP MO " 21 r.g/ asaz 0.6 ng/g wood N/A 2,4.-Tri-CI-Panais N/A 2.4,-Tri-O?her.sis N/A 2,4,s-7r:-Ci-Pr.sifie ND - 0.9 u;/g fssd Fsniacnicrephsnats N/A* * Psntarniarcpssra-.s N/A ^n'acr.lsraahsr.ats N/A Fsr^schlcrspr.snits N/A Psntactlare:ns-ais N/A Fsntaehloroamenais N/A 2 4 3 TCP N/A 2 4 2 TC? N/A 2 4 5 TCP N/A 2 4 5 TC? N/A licsd 3rits 24 N/A V.zzi Brits 24 N/A fcaac Brits 24 N/A tizzi Brits 24 N/A 'zzi Srits 24 N/A ND3d Brits 24 N/A Alchaa 4133 N/A filcrisa 4135 N/A A:chea 4135 N/A Ai:hec 4132 N/A Alchss 4135 N/A Alchsa 4135 N/A Dipicrk Sludge N/A Diptark Sludge N/A Dipteri; Sludge N/A Diptark Sluice N/A Dipicrk Sludgs N/A Diptcrk Sludge 0.12 - 0.63 e/ 2.4.5 Trichicrcpnsna: N/A Pins and HC1 N/A Pins ar.d HC1 N/A Pins and HC1 =? SAfiFLlN 3R5A;IZAtI3K Ri": Oniv.'c: tinsi. Easdsn *_ Uriv. iiasa. S*s:sn c- Un:v. cr tinsi. =3: "" u::v. c: tirsi, Sv.scsn C'* 'jr.lv. ci Ossi, Ensdsn -~ triv, :: Urea, Stfsssr zr uri;. c: irsi, Swebs* *^ ,r:\. :r jasa. nascer. 2 un;v. c* 'Jcss. Hs:=n :c: Env. Ciriri/iissnbc'n Env. io: E'.. Cirsc/DsanSp-n Env. Ber. 100 Env. Eanada/sarbnrn Env. Ssr. 100 Er\. Carabs/Deanbcrn Env. Ser. 100 Er..-. Canscc/QeanBorn Env, Ssr. iceEr.v. Eanaii/Csinbern Env. Ssr, ro Env. Caiaza/Osarcsrn Env. Ber. ICO Env. Csnabs/Cscnbcm Env. Esr. 10C Er.v. Sanaci''Osanbern Env. Ber. 100 Env. Ciracs/DsanbeT- Er.v. Ber. toc Env. Canaia/jeansars Env. Ser. 100 Env. Canaci/Csinbcrr: Env. Esr. toc- Env. Ci'sCi.'Oiintc-n Env. Ber. 100 Env. Earaci/Osar.bcrn Env. Ssr. :oc Er.v. Carida/Jeansora Env. Esr. :00 Env. Canaca.'jeanbcrn Env. Ssr, ICO Env. Car.i-i;Osar.berr. Env. Ssr. 100 Env. Csnaba/Ssanbarn Env. Ssr. ICO Env. Canasa/C'&a'ibcrr. Er.v. Ser. 100 Env. Ccnaca/SEanscrn Env. Ssr. io: Env, Car.aca/Dsanborn Env. Ser. ICC Env, Carasi/Deanhern Env. Ser. l'Or Est.- Cherica! 11" rigbt Etite University J.** Brighi Stara University 113 Brighi State university r z r. z 3 6 n S S E e E a S s E z E 3 S 3 a 5 5 S E E S s 2 *3 i E A-58 UA3TE Oj MSjSTOFS := * SGUROE TYPE FACILITY 3 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS W. Oersany. MI? iSM 03-elJ 5 municipal waste combustors W. Ssrsany MIF ISM 2331 3 municipal baste cgmbustors N. Sersany MIF iSM 2945 3 HL^ICIrAL WASTE COMBUSTORS W. Ssrsany MI? (MA-LfUJ ' munic:=al baste combustors W. Seroany KIP iS-LtUI 3 MUNICIPAL ftASTE COMBUSTORS L. Sersany MI? LFI-Nk`) ! KUMI33PAL KASTE C3H25TCF.3 a . Ssrasny, Pcwer Plant iccsU .*3 MUNICIrA. hAST? COMBUSTORS 13 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTOR: European Buropesn 13 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS European 13 JiliSIC:cAL BASTE COMBUSTORS European 13 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS European 13 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS European 13 MUNICIPAL UAS~ COMBUSTORS European 13 MUNICIPAL HAS'- COMBUSTORS European 4 m MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS European f 7 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS European 13 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS European 13 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS European MUNICIPAL'BASTE COMBUSTORS European 13 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS European 13 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS European IS MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Zurich, Switzerland ifi MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS *",7* MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS Zurich. Switceriand Italy 41 24 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS Italy 1 24 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS Italy 1 24 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS Italy #1 24 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS Italy 11 Italy 1 24 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS Italy 11 24 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS Italy #1 24 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS Italy 11 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS Italy *1 Italy il 24 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS Italy 11 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Italy #1 24 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS Italy #1 24 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS Italy *2 24 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS 24 .MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Italy *2 Italy 62 Italy #2 Italy 12 Italy 62 Italy #2 Italy 12 Italy #2 Italy #2 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Italy 62 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Italy 92 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Italy f2 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Italy 42 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Italy 12 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Italy 42 SOURCE CHARnCT. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Hi A Inc. without any treatment inc. without any treatsent Inc. K-.tnout any treatsent Inc. uithout any treatsent Inc, without anv treatsent Inc. after recycling Inc. after recycling Inc. after recycling Inc. after recycling Inc. after recycling Inc. after coapost production Inc. after coapost production Inc. after coapost production Inc. after coapost production Inc. after casosst production NVA N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A S/A N/A . N/A N/A N/A N/A . N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A CC:;3!J2?R= `E- i- SAMrLE METH2D z KVA: ' s N/A e N/A N/A N/A 8 N/A 0 -iH *T V N/A r* w7 fi/'A 13 K/A 13 fi/A 1! NVA: 13 N/A 1? 1w N/4 li/tr*. 1 * VA. tT m 13 fi/A 13 N/A 13 N/A 13 N/A i? U NVA 18 tad/ES? is 5td/F 24 Sta::-: 24 Stad 24 Stad 24 Stad 24 Stack 24 Stad 24 S t a d 24 S t a d 24 S t a d 24 S t a d 24 Stad: 24 Stati 24 Stack 24 S t a d 24 Dust C d . 24 Sst C d . 24 Dust C d . 24 Sagt*Cd. 24 Dust C d . 24 .Bust C d . 24 Bast Cal. 24 Staci; 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stad* 24 Stack 24 Stack FA Fk FA FA 'R =A FA FA FA FA FA FA FA FA FA Tk FA FA FA FA. FA FA FA FA ` FA FA FA FA FA FA FA FS FS FS FS FS FS FS FA FA FA FA FA FA FA FA FA FA FA FA FA FA FS FS SS SS SS 3 SS SS SS SS 3S SS SS zz zz SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS N/A NVA Trais Trairi Trair Train Train Train Train Train Train Train Train Train Train Train SS es SS es SS SS SS Train Train Trai.n Train Train Train Trin Train Train SAil^LS Milt!. NVA N/A N/A m N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/h N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/h N/A N/A h/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A K/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A A-60 EXTRACTION Tolu:eng/NetNancl Tddens/Methand TddenE/Methand Id uiens/hethand Tddene/Methanol Told sne;Medians! Tddene/Nsihand Soxhlet/Tddene Soxhlet/Tduiene Scxhlet/Tcidene Scxhleo/Tduiene Soxhlet/Tduiene Sed let/To!dene Soxhlei/Tddene Scxdst/Tddene Soxnlet/Toiulsne Scxhlet/ToIds-e Soshlet/Toidene ScxMet/Tsiu:ene Soxhlet/Tduiene SorfilEt/Toldene Soxdet/Toidene Methylene Chloride Methylene Chloride Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane ANALVS: - SC/MS SC;"S S2/f;S 3C/MS e:/Ks SC/HS SC''.IS SC/NS SC/NS SC/MS SC/fiS GC/HS SC/MS 3C/ME SC/M3 SC-`MS SC/MS SC/NS s:/fis SC/NS GC/KS SC/MS EC/MS SC/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS HRS2/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS HRBC/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS HRSC/MS & ::?a. hasts cc^ s^ ps i 2ETE-2TXGN Lift" i 0.1 ppb cy .1 ppb 2 0.1 ppb 3 0.1 ppc S 0.1 ppb c 0.1 cpb O.i ppb 47 a/ i l N/A '7 N/A i : N/A 13 N/A 13 N*A nm 13 N/A 13 S/A 13 ' N.'A 13 K/A 13 N/A 13 N;A 13 K/A 13 N/fi l N/A 16 N/A ' 24 N/A 24 N/A 24 N/fi 24 K/A 24 N/fi 24 N/A 24 N/fl 24 N/A 24 N/A 24 N/A 24 N/A 24 fi/A 24 N/A 24 N/A 24 N/A 2J K/A 24 N/A 24 - N/A 24 N/A 24 fi/A 24 m * m 24 K/A 24 N/A 24 N/A 24 N/A 24 N/A 24 N'A 24 N/A 24 N/A ISQIEF CDD OCDE OCDD QCDD OCDE 0232 OCDE HsCDr K7C2F HODE GCDF OCDE iiCDF H7CDF HCDD GCDF GODE HCGr H7CDF HCDD 000F CODE PC3D PCDF T40DD P5CD3 HCDD H722D 03CDD 740DF OSOSF T4CDD F52DEH6CDD H7C20 GSCDD T40DF ' 33"DF TCDD F50DD HCDD H70DD OCDE T2DF 02DF TCDD P50DD HCDD H7CSB GCDD TCDF 3CDF TCDD PSODD ISOiiES CO,NC. <0.0 ag/kg 1 ug/l:g 13 ug/icg 15 ag/kg 520 cg/ic 00 u/kg <0.5 ag'fcg 33 ppc 4?.3 ppb 90.c ppb 43. ppb 120 ppb KD ND - ppb ND 12 ppb ND ND 5 ppb ND 5 ppb 0.2 ppa 0.1 ppa 1.1 n/Ns3 2.7 N3/rM3u 11.5 n/Ns3 1.03 ng/Na3L! 5.0 (ig/Na3'J ND 2.2 n/Ns3U 19.6 ng/NaT 27.9 ng/NcS 17S.2 ne/Ks3U 159.6 ng/Na3U 63.9 ng/Ne3U ND 59.3 ih/Nb3U 0.25 ppb 1.7 ppb 294.0 ppb .9 ppb 295.0 ppb 0.46 ppb 15.3 ppb 172.2 r/Ha3 172.3 ng/Na3 12015.0 ng/Ns3U 573.0 rt/Nn3U 7312.0 n/N&3 75.0 ng/Na3U 2953.0 ng/Na3U 17.0 cg/Nso 107. ng/Na3U DATA WSIAfiLI7: N/A S/fi N;A N/ N/A r*/A N/A 39 - 135 ppb 30 - 5 ppb 42 - 145 ppb 31 - : ppb 90 - 152 pcb N/A N/A N/A N/A N/fi N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A* N/A N/A N/A N/A N/fi N/A N/A m N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A ` N/fi N/A N/A N/A N/A K/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A FEE3UR3GES KSK ft "SK ."Sa iSs MSH !5* HS BSS HK MSH ?*SH MSH 3W NS* fi3y fiSU H3N flSis MS HSk Nun.&Ind. S.s. Kan.&Iad. S.is. MSH MSH MSH usa MSH 'MSB MSH MSW HS HS MSH NSK MSH MSH m MSH MSH MSB MSH MSH MSH m HSU MSH HSK SU HSw MSH MSH MSH A-fil s AMPLINE GRGANIIA7IC:. RATINE 2 Uiv. si Lia, Ssrcanv E iiriv. si Lia, Bereanv 3 Ln:v. of Uis, Esrsanv e sf LIs, Beraar.y 2 Ur.V. Ot L!5, GerEsOV = unir. of LIs. Eernarv univ. or ilio, Gersar.y 17 Inst. IrQu:r. Atass., CNR V Inst. Ingoio. Aerea., CNF. 13 Inst. Insule. Atass.. CHE :3 Inst, Irguin. Atass., CNF. 13 Inst. Inquin. Atass., CNR 13 Ioni. Incula. Atoos., CNF 17 Ir.si. Insula, fiteas., CNF JT Inst. Inguin, Aires.. CNF -;7w Inst. Inquin. Ateo., CNF. 13 Irsi. Insula. Atass., CNR <V7 Issi. Inguln, Atass., CNR 13 Irsi. Inculo. Atass., CNR 13 Inst. Insule. Atass., CNR 13 Issi. Insula. Atass., CNR 13 Inst. Inguin. Atass., CNR li Saiss Fed, Kes. Station U Saiss Fed. Res. station 24 Ut Prsv si Igiene e Prof 24 Lab Prsv c: Igiene e Prcf 24 Lab Rrsv si Igiene e Pro? 24 Ut Prsv si Igiene e Prof 24 Lab Prsv Si Igiene e Prcf 24 Lat Prsv di Igiene e Prof 24 Ut Prsv di Igiene e Frsf 24 Lab Pr3v Si Igiene e rrsf 24 Lab Prsv di Igiene e Prof 24 Las Rrsv di Igiene e Prcf 2A Lab Prsv Si Igiene e Pro* 24 Lab Prsv Si Igiene e Prof 24 Lab rrsv di Igiene e Frsf 24 Lab Prsv d Igiene e Prof 24 Ut.Prsv. Si Igiene e Rrof. 24 Lab.rrsv. Si Igiene e Prcf. 24 Lab.Prsv. si Igiene e Prof, 24 Lat.Prov. di Igiene e Prof. 24 Lab.Prsv. Si Igiene e Prof. 24 Lab.-Prov. di Igiene e Frsf. 24 Las.Prsv. di Igiene e Prof. 24 Lab.Prsv. Si Igiene e Prof. 24 Lab.Rrsv. ci Igiene e Prof. 24 Lab.Prsv. Si Igiene e Prof. 24 Lab.Rrsv.- Si Igiene e Frsf. 24 Lai.rrsv. ci Igiene e Prcf. 24 Lat.Prov. si Igiene e Prof. 24 Lab.Prsv. Si Igiene e Prcf. 24 Lab.Rrsv. ci Igiene e Prof. 24 Lab.Prsv. si Igiene e Prcf. -2 r. z e G G e ? : : I * r i T I I I t : I I I T G G 6 S s I G G E e E 5 I E S .E 3* s *E c E 6 6 3 E E S G E A-62 '.i-.S'E C O M ' Kr S SOURCE TYPE 24 K'J'.'ICIrAl AS" COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL ivftSTE COMBUSTORS ]i MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 HUNICI-AL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 X'JKIZl?-;. WASTE CO^USTGRE 2 MU.MCIP4L n.iSTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUMCIFftL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS 2* KL'KICI^AL AST* COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICFAL BASTE CCMS0S7GR3 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPhL waste combustors 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUMCIFAl WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS ? MUNICIPAL WASTE CCMEUSTCRS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 -MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS ,24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS ' PACLir Italy :2 Italy *2 Italy #2 Italy $2 Italy #2 Italy S3 itaiy #3 Itaiv S3 Italy 3 Italy S3 Italy #3 Italy S3 Italy 13 Italy S3 Italy S3 Italv #3 Italy S3 Italy S3 Italy 3 Italy S3 Italy S3 Italy S3 Italy S3 Italy #3 Italy S3 Italy S3 Italy S4 Italy 14 Itaiy #4 Italy #4 Italy S4 Italy 14 Italy 14 Italy #4 Italy #4 Italy #4 Italy #4 Italy 14 Italy S4 Italy #4 Italy S4 Italy S4 Italy S4 Italy 14 Italy 14 Italy S4 Italy #4 Itaiy 15 Italy S5 Italy S5 Italv #5 Itaiy 15 Italy 15 Italv #5 . source ihaea:: M/A K/A N/A N/A. N/A h'A N/A X.'A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A m N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A' N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A m N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A xrr |:F23SrE SAr:=2E 'E'HCr 24 rtscr ~L S - 5-* 2* Bta:k 24 Stack 2- S.ack 24 Dust C::. -T UU=t L C -. 24 Dus; Col. 2- Dus; =:. 24 Dust 2;:. 24 Dust Col. 24 Dust Col. 24 Stack 24 Siad 24 Stsif 24 =;=;: 24 Sts:l: 24 3t=d; 24 ;ad' 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Dust Cel. . 24 Dust Col. 24 D.st Dei. 24 Dust Col. 24 Dust Coi. 24 Dust Zzl. 24 Dust Col. 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stace 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Scad24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Dust. Cel. 24 Dust. Cd. 24 Dust. Cal. 24 Dust. Cal. 24 Dust. Col. 24 Dust. Cel. 24 Dust. Col. Z} CS FS rs F- "r FA r* FA FA FA FA FA "A FA FA FA 'A FS FS FS zr. FS FS FS FA FA FA FA FA FA FA FA, FA FA FA FA FA FS FS FS FS FS FS FS FA FA FA FA FA FA FA T-ain Train Train Train 22 SS esss ss ss Train Train iTSi" Train Train Train Train Train Train Train Train Tram Train Train SS SS SS S3 SS ss ss Train Train Train Train Train Train Train Train Train Train Train Train Train Train SS SS SS BE SS S3 SS SArr.E NUN. N/A .N/A N/A Pi:A !i/A /A N/A N/A i*'A N/A is/A N/A Pi/A /A Uk k :a N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A K/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A K/A N/A A-64 U a .InU ;.Ui. rtExare 'Hexane Hexane Ha;, ans Hexane Hexans HsxanE He,1;3ns Hexane Hsuana Ha;:ans Hexane Hexans Hex ans Hexans Hexans Hexane Hexans Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexans Hexane Hexane Hexans Hexans Hexane Hsxane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexans Hsxar.s Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexahe Hexane Ksxans Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexans Hexane ANALYSIS HF:SC;N k r s c /h s HF2C;*S HFSC/MS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HESC/ME HR3C/NS H.as:/ss HFEC/HS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HF.SC/HS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HREC/N3 HF.SC/HS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HREC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HRSC/RS HREC/HS ^*-'-'1CI- *A7 Cj^5L3~Cn= =? D E T E S T I 2:1 L I N I 7 : */ N; fi - - :i/h *. N / i 2i fwfi 24 N/fi ril*i? N/A 24 N/A N/A N/fi _ T N/A 24 N/A 24 N/A 24 K/A 24 N/A 24 N/A 24 li/A 24 K/A 24 N/A 24 N/A 24 m 24 K/A 24 N/A 24 K/A 24 N/fi 24 N/A 24 N/A 24 K/A 24 N/A 24 N/A 24 N/A 24 N/A 24 N/A 24- N/A 24 N/A 24 K/A 24 N/A 24 N/fi 24 K/A 24 N/A 24 N/A 24 N/fi 24 ' N/A 24 N/A 24 N/A 24 N/A 24 N/A 24 N/A 24 N/A 24 N/A 24 N/A 24 N/A 24 N/A ' 24 N/A 24 N/A 12 He 722 H7C22 QCCD 722? Q C IF 7C2D S CZ22 H5C3D K 7 C I5 cesi TCDF GCDF ic s : F5CD2 HSCC7 H7GDD QCOD TCDF GCDF -TCDD P5CDS fifiCDD H72DD QC23 TCDF GCDF 7CDD P3C0D H i 2 OD H7CDD 2CDD TCDF GCDF TCDD F5CDD HCDD H7C0D CC0D TCDF QCDF TCDD P5CDD H6CB0 H7CDD 3CDD TCDF QCDF TCDD P5CDD HCDD H7CSD QCDD TCDF 322F : SOME? CGNG. CsDC.O r;/ N - 3 7 2 7 2 .2 rc/U&VJ 1 1 7 2 .0 r<c/Ns3U 103.2 re/N rEli 4390.0 n=/Kc3U ND 0 .2 2 ppb 1.2 pp: 3 . ! ppb 1.5 pps O .S ppb 3 .3 ppb 0 .0 3 7 rV/N*3U 0 .3 rg/Ns3U .7 no/Ns3L 0 .2 rc/Ns31i 1 .7 ng/Ns3U 2 .5 7 rg/NsEG 0 .0 3 ng/Ns3L! O .O S n g /N s3 'J ' 4 0 . C rto/Ns3L: 54 2 .0 rg/Ne3U 1 2 4 .0 n g /K s3 'J 776. G ng/KsSU 4 2 5 .0 ng/NcU 1 0 1 0 .0 ng/Nfi3U 4 6 .4 ppb 5 .4 ppb 2 4 9 ,0 ppb 3 7 .9 ppb 3 4 1 .5 ppb 1 .7 ppb 2 5 5 .0 psb 1 0 .9 ng/Na31i 2 .3 ng/Na3U 0 .5 4 ng/No3U 3 .2 ng/Na3U 3 9 .0 rc/N fi3iJ 3 .7 n g /N i3 ll O.Oa ng/Hs3U 6 0 .0 ng/Ns3Q 5 3 .0 ng/No3U 1 3 9 0 .0 ng/Nfl3U 167.0 ng/Ns3U 2 7 0 3 .0 ng/Ns3U ` 1314.0 ng/Na3D 1760.0 ng/Ns3Ll C .7 ppb 0 .0 5 ppb 0 .0 2 1 ppb 0 .0 0 7 ppb 0 .1 ppb 1 .1 5 ppb 0 .0 0 1 5 ppb DATA V A F IA S IL IT V N `fi N/A N-'fi fi/4 K/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/fi N/A N/A Ir A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A K/A N/A N/A N/A N/fi N/fi N/A N/A N/fi N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/fi N/A N/A fi ; A N/A K/A N/ft K/A K/A N/fi te rre te MS:-: Ms i i KSW rS i MSK fissi fisti fiSK KStl " Sii m NSK N5U fiSti fiSis' " SN NSW sa SU sa hsw 1S, fisti fiSii MSN N5N KSK fiSu sa MS fisa usa fisa !45 * fisti usa fisa sa fisa fisa usa fisa risa fisa Nsa NSW sa fisa fisa fisa sa risa NSW NSW fiL'.'ilCIPAL ^ ,3*22TGF : : * SAMPLING OPSAriZATIGN PATIMS 24 Lab.Prcv. di Igiene a Prof. mr * .afc.Prov. di le:sne e Prcf. 24 LSS.F'SV. ci Igiene E ProT*. 24 l.r'DV. di Igiene e Prof. li" Lab."'C\. d; igiene E Prof. 24 :ab.Pro.. ci Igiene e Pro:. 2** L=b. Prcv. ci igiene e Prcf. 24 La:.Prcv. si Igiene e Frof. 24 Lafc.P-cv. s: Igiene = Prof. 24 Lab.Prcv. di Igiene e Prof, 24 ah.frov. di igiene e Prof. * cab.Prcv. di Igiene e Prof. 24 Lab.Prav. ci Igiene e Prcf. 24 Lab.Prcv. di igiene E Prof. 24 Lab.Prov. di Igiene : F r a * . 24 Lab.Prcv. d: Igiene E Prof. 24 Lab.Prov. il Iciene e Prof. 24 Lab.Prcv. di Igiene e Prof. 24 Lab.Prov. di Iciens e Prof. 24 Lab.Prov. di Igiene e Pro*'. 24 Lab.Prcv. di Igiene e Prcf. 24 Lab.Prcv. ci Igiene e Prof. 24 Lab.Prcv. -i; Igieni e Prof. 24 Lab.Prcv. di Igiene e Prof. 24 Lab.Prov. di IgiEns e Prcf. 24 Lab.Prov. di Igiene e Prcf. 24 Us.rrcv. di Igiene e Prcf. 24 Lab.Prav. di Igiene e Prcf. 24 Lab.Prav. d: Igiene Prcf. 24 Lab.Prcv, di Igiene e Prof. 24 Lab.Prcv. di Igiene e Prof. 24 Lab.Prcv. di Igiene e Frof. 24 Lab.Prcv. di Iciene e Prcf. 24 Lab.Prcv. di Igiene e Prof. 24 Lab.Prcv. di Igiene e Frof. 24 Lab.Prcv. di Igiene e Prcf. 24 Lab.Prcv. di Igiene e Prcf. 24 Lah.prov. di Igiene e Prcf. 24 Lab.Prcv. ci Igiene e Prcf. 24 Lab.Prav. di Igiene e Prof. 24 Lab.Prcv. di igiene e Prof. 24 Lab.Prcv. di Igiene e Prcf. 24 Lab.Prcv. di Igiene e Prcf. 24 Lab.Prcv. di Igiene E Prcf. 24 Lab.Prcv. di Igiene e Frof. 24 Lab.Prcv. ci Igiene s Prof. 24 Lab.Prcv. di igiene e Prof. 24 Lab.Prov. d: Igiene e Prof. 24 Lab.Prcv. di Igiene e Prof. 24 Lab.Prcv. di Igiene E Prcf. 24 Lab.Prov. ci Igiene e Prcf. 24 Lab.Prcv. di igiene e Prcf. 24 Lab.Prcv. ci Igiene e Prcf. 24 Lab.Prcv. di Igiene e = T C f . c c S S S ! S S 3 s s e S S S G 3 G 5 epi 3 S g As Q 5 D i* a n m 8 N 5 G S 5 c 5 c e c s c w A 3 municipal haste combuetgfs REF s SOURCE TYPE =ACILi": 24 mu?:i::-al waste combustors 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL ASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS 2^ MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MLNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS . 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 24 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 34 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 34 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 34 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 34 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 34 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 33 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 33 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 33 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 35, MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS -- MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 3s MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 36 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 36 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS i MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 4! MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 4! MUNICIPAL ASTE COMBUSTORS 4: MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 41 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS Italy S3 Italy #5 Italy t5 Italy #5 Italy #3 Italy S3 Italy S3 Italy #3 Italy 15 Italy #5 Italy 85 Italy #5 Italy 5 Italy 83 Italy 86 Italy 86 Italy 86 Italy 16 Italy #6 Italy 86 Italy 16 Italy 86 Italy 86 Italy 8s Italy 86 Italy 86 Italy #6 Italy #t Italy 86 Italy 86 Italy 16 Italy 86 Italy 86 Italy 86 Italy 86 Ontario, Canada (1) Ontario, Canada (1! Ontario, Canada (1! Ontario, Canada ill Ontario, Canada (1) Ontario, Canada (2; Ontario, Canada i2) Ontario, Canada (21 Ontario, Canada (21 Ontario, Canada (2! Japan ill) Japan (821 Netherlands Ontario (81) Ontario (82! Cess, Italy Cone, Italv Coso, Italy Cose, Italy A CT SOURCE CHARAC". N/fi N/A N/ft K/fi N/fi N/A N/ft N/A N/ft fc/fl m B/A N/A N/A N/A N/ft N/A N/A N/A N/A N/fi N/A N/A N/A N/A N/fi N/A N/fi N/fi N/A N/A N/fi N/fi N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A > 500 degress ! > 500 degress i > 500 decrees 1 1 500 degrees ! EEF =:Sl2:;:E: SAMELE MErH22 SA'iF-E ii'Jh. 'f fttSCff Stack 2 Stack "4 Stack 24 Ecsc'r. 24 S-.ac! 24 Stack 24 Stack *TM I Sta:!-: 24 --i. 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Scat 2:1. 24 Dust *2:1. 24 Du=t Col. 24 Dust Col- 24 Dus: Cci. 24 jus: Col. 24 Dust 2c:. 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack Stack 2 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack 24 Stack 34 S3? 34 rftp 34 ESF 34 ftp? 34 ftftS 35 E3F 33* ES? *lw ESP ?r VV ESr 7S ::: 3a ESF 36 ESr 3fc ESF 3 ESF 3 ESF 41 Stack 4i Stack 4! Stack 4' Stack rA T'a:r. N/A FA "rair. N'TA FA Trair H/4 FA Tra:n ft-*" FA >a:n *;/a FA Tra:n K/A FA Trair N/A Train !i:A F Train K`/A FS Train K, A FS Train N/A FS Train N/A FC- Train K/P FS Train N/fi FA SS N'A FA ss .N/A FA SS N/A FA S3 N/A FA SS FA ss FA es N/A N/A N/A FA Train N/A FA Train N/A FA Train N/A FA Train N/A FA ?-a:n N/A FA Train K;A FA Train N/A FS Train N/A FS Train N/A FS Train K/A FS Train N/A FS Train N/A FS Train N7A FS Train K/A FA WHEELY SS 8 weeks / 3 rep. FA WEEKLY SS 8 weeks / 3 rEp. FA WEEKLY SS S weeks / 3 rep. FA WEEKLY SS 8 weeks / 3 rep. FA WEEKLY SS 2 weeks / 3 rep. FA SS 5 replicaticns FA SS 5 replicaticns FA SS 5 replicaticns FA ss 5 replications FA ss 5 replications FA ss 1 Sanple FA ss 1 Sasple FA ss 1 Sasple FA ss : Sasple FA ss 1 Sasple FS KKSi 17 Saspies/S Months FS KK57 17 Saa:les/9 Months FS KM3T 17 Saopies/? Kantha FS KK3T 17 Saples/9 Months EiTF.ACTIDK Hexane He\ans Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hasans Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane Soxhlet/Ber.ceneils hr) Scxhlet/Senceneilft hr) Saxtuet/Benceneili: tr) Soxhiet/Benseneiii hr: Soxhiet/Ber.reneilE nr) tilfcrascnic/Benzenei: hr) UHrascnic/Benzenei! nr) U!trascni:/3er.2enen hr) L!1trasonic/Benzeneil hr) 'Jitraacnic/Bsncsneil hr) Scshlet/Benzene Ssxhlst/Bentens Scxhlec/Benzene Soxhlet/Senzene Scxhiei/Benzene Hexane Hexane Hexane Hexane fl-6 8 ai V*: HESC/KS . HF.3C/MS L*:cr:uc HFSC/fiS HF.S2/M2 krsc/ks HESC/KS HESC/KS HESS'ME hes:/ms FESC/KS HF.SC/KS HESC/KS HESS/MS HESS;MS HF.Su/KS HREC/KS HREC/KS HESC/KS HESC/KS HESC/KS HESC/KS HRSC/KS HESC/KS HRSC/HS HESC/KS HESC/KS HESC/KS HESC/KS HESC/KS HESC/KS HESC/KS HESC/KS HRSC/KS HESC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS. SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS ?_"7 ^ iC"C I b I I * #W ^ <H :' iPPCCSSEEE SA/FuE 37*02 3A?lE EXTRACTIOP ; Sis; *ri Stack 1*1 Stack 4: Stark 1 ziiZY 41 Stati 4: sts:!. 42* ZZlZr. 42 Furrare 42 Furcate 4! Stark 42 atari. 47 Slack 47 Stark 47 Start 7 Stark 47 Stark 4= Start 4? Stark 44 Stark 4? Stark 49 Stark 49 Stark 49 Stark 49 Stack 49 -- 49 -- 49 Starr 49 Stark 49 Stark 49 Stark r? w*> stack c5?3 stark stark 53 stark 5c Brats 5c ESF 5" Stack 57 ESF - j ESP 57 ESP 57 ESP 57 ESF 72 Furnace 72 Furnace ~r Furnace 72 Furnace 72 Furnars 72 ESF 72 ESP " ESF 72 ESP 72 ESP 72 Stack FS FS FS rS F2 cr. FA FA Ash Asn FS/FA FS/FA FS FS FE Fa FS FB FB FE FB FB FS FS FB read Feed FS FB FB 'FB FS/FA FS/FA FS/FA FS/FA ASH FA FE FA FA FA FA FA Ash fish Ash Ash Ash FA FA Fh FA FA FA *57 KK57 *57 K:157 57 BE 5S BE :: 57 K5T MK5T Hi's: 57 551 57 57 57 57 M"uf!r2*i 57 57 57 SS SS M5T 57 57 57 Train Train Train Train SS es SSAS 63 53 S3 SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS S3 es 17 SaepIss/9 Honths HexanE !7 Sacrise/9 Months *s>:ans 17 Saepies/9 Kcntns Hexane 17 SaeciBs/: antes Hexane 17 Ear;:55/9 nethe Hexane 17 Saspies/9 retag hexane 1 Saapis ii/A 1 Saspie fi/A 1 Sac;:s S/A i Sasple Hi A N/fi N/A K/fi m 5 Sasples N/fi 5 Sasples N/A 5 Sseples N/A 5 Saaplss N/A 5 Easpiee N/A 2-4 Days Hexane/KOH 2-4 Days Hexane/KGH 2-4 Days Hexane/KDH 2-4 Davs Hexane/UGh 2-4 Days Hexane/KDH 2-4 Days Hexane/KQK 2-4 Days Hexane/KOH 2-4 Cays Hexar.e/KQH 2-4 Days Hexans/KQH 2-4 Days Hexane/KDH 2-4 Days Hexane/KOH 2-4 Days ! Hexane/KDH 2-4 Days Hexans/KGH 2-4 Days Hexane/KOK 12 test N/A 12 test N/A 12 test N/A 12 test N/A 3 - Sasples Soxhiet/Kethylena Chloride 3 - Saeples Scxhlat/Kethylene Chloride 3 - S Saaples Soxhiei/Kethylene Chloride 1 Saapie Oltrasoaic/Benrene 1 Sample Oitrascric/SEnrene 1 Saeple liltrasoeic/SenteRe 1 Saeple Ultrasocic/Benzer.e 1 Saeple Ultrasoeic/BsnrenE 1 Saeple Scxhlet/Benzsns 1 Saeple Saxhiet/BenzenE 1 Saeple Eoxhlei/Benzens 1 Saeple 1 Saeple Soxhlet/Benzene Ssxhlet/Benzene 1 Saeple Soxhlet/Benzene 1 Saeple Soxiiiet/Benzene 1 Saeple Soxhiet/Benzene 1 Saeple Sexhlet/Benzsns 1 Saeple Soxhlet/Benzene 1 Saeple Soxhist/Benzene A-72 A-iA-YS:: BC/KS BC/KS e:/ks sc/s EC/KS SC/MS SL/HRM3 S3/HENS sc/hrks SC/HRKS s:/ns SC/KS EC/KS EC/KS EC/S EC/KS EC/KS SC/HRKS EC/HEKS SC/HEKE SC/HRKS SC/HRKS SC/HRKS SC/HRKS SC/HRKS SC/HRKS GC/HRH5 EC/HEKS BC/HRKE EC/HRKS SC/HRKS EC/KS EC/KS SC/H3 3C/KE BC/KS EC/KS sc/s GC/BS EC/KS SE/KS BC/KS BC/HS BC/KS BC/KS EC/KS EC/K3 e:/ks bc/ks BC/KS EC/KS BC/KS BC/KS BC/KS -T li/-*, n/ i;.4 fi.A \*'k/A y ;A 'T .'n U/H '.'.'A i;" L r`t K.-A ;/a N/A K/A N/A K/A N/A K/A N'A K/A fi/A K:A K/A K/A :;/A K/; fi/A K/A K/A K/A N/A K/A K/A N/A H/A K/A fi/A K/A K/A K/A K/A K/S H/A K:A K/A K/A K/A h-*'A K/A T5pti,-J- TCDD =5c:d HCDD K7CDD s::-: -:""*.r "CDF 'TCDD fscdd H6CDD K7CDD CDD TCDF ""r TCDD F5CBD H6CBD H7CDD GCBD 7CDF DCDF TCDD F3CDD H6CD3 H7CDD dcdb 7CDF OCDF TCDD F5CDD HSCBD H7CDB OCDE CDF CCDF TCDD F5CDD HcCDD H7CDD CDD TCDD F5CDD HiCDD H7CDD OCDD TCDD TCDD TCDD TCDD TCDD TCDD P5CDD HCDD H703D DDK-?. CDfiC. :r `iF1.-,5i_1`"* 0.34 n/NsC 2. n/K-31; 196.0 n/fi'C ".= n:;fi3 173.0 -z/tel2 73.3 pg/foSU 3.2 r./N=3 ?. n''?<s3L: 21.C q/fojL1 323.0 ng/Ncifa 4s.0 n:/K23C 244.0 n;/K=3L` 3c5.0 ns/NaS =?.0 fi:/fin3L ND KD NE C.0012 ppb 3.a ppb KD i.=3 sii ND 0.010 na/Ka3 0.2S n/Na ND e.si 2/fi23C ND KD I5. RC/teU 11.0 n;/Ns3J 4S0.0 n;/Na3 .0 t/Nsii 71.0 n/NaSU 27.0 rg/Nn3 24.0 ng/N&3U 13.5 ppb 23.2 ppb 25.3 ppb 14.9 ppb .3 ppb 9.a ppb 15.0 pah 15.0 ppb pb 0.4 ppb 4 .6 R ? /; 5.5 r./: 2.4 n/ 10 n/ 9.3 sfl/g 12S.4 n/Nca KD 366 n/fiar 256.3 ng/Nce K/A K/A K/A ?;/a K/h K/h N/A K/A K/A :.7A K/A M/A K/A NVA N/A `/A H/A K/A K/A K/A K/A H/A K/A K/A K/A H/A K/A K/A N/A K/A K/A K/A K/A K/A K/A 3.2-27 ppb 3. - 45 ppb 2.2 - 53 ppb 1.1 - 43 ppb 0.4-26 pps 6.7 - 11.0 poh 12.0 - 20.0 ppb 11.C - 17.0 ppb 2.3 - 4.3 ppb 0.25 - 0.33 p:b K/A N/A K/A K/A K/A 7 - 1*27 ns/Ncs 13 - 2030 n z f i i zi 15 - 3306 nq/Ncis 12 - 2334 /N i e r.-a -U r.a fia* Sis fisi afa Kli si* 3K rSs iSS "sfa' Sii KSK Sw r.zi Ksfa' KSK Hsa S "Sfa fiS KSfa Sfa' r.sfa Sfa Nafa KSK Sfa SK Sfa Ss Sfa ffSs "fa fisfa fiSfa fas KSfa Sfa KSK .Sfa ."Sfa KSfa Sfa KSfa Sfa Sfa Sfa K3 f!3 Sfa Sfa KSfa KSfa KSs ir: T.- ? *Z . F.4TK2 24 L2b Prev, i leises s Prcf. it ;wG.- rrcv leises s Prcf. 24 La: Fr:v ei leises s Prcf. 0 3 a 24 .Frov bi leises s Prc*. 5 2 L5- Zrz-v bi leises s ;*:f. 7h Lab Pr:v j; leises s Prcf. 5 E 24 La: -rsv :: leises Prof. c 24 *-.rro\ ei Igises e "ref. 24 U: Prc; A- leises s :ref. e 24 La:.Fro* 1 leiees s Prof. 3 La: Frov ei leises s Prof. E 24 Lab Fr:v d: leises s Prof. c 24 La: rrcv bi iisns s Prof. 24 La:,rr:v bi leises s Prcf. S a 2L La: rrcv :i Igises s F'of. I 24 La: rrcv bi leises e rref. 24 Lab.rrcv bi leises s Prcf. I : 24 Lab.Frov. bi Iciene = Prof. 5 - 24 La: Pr:v d: leises s Prof. 2. 24 Lab.rrcv d: leises s Frof. I 24 Lab -rev ZI leises e Prof. 24 La:.rrcv di Iciene s Fret. 1 24 Lab rrcv di leises s Prcf. S i 24 Lab.rrcv. d: leises s Prof. E 24 La:.rr:v di Icisee s ?rcf. I i 24 La:.Frov. di leises e Prof. 5 La: Frov d: leises s Pro-. 1 24 La:.'rev. bi isises s Prof. I ;fl 24 i.a: rrcv. bi leises s Prcf. 5 2 La:.rrcv. di leises s Prof. e \ 2 La:.Prc;. di Igises s Prcf. s l 24 Lab.rrev. di leises 6 Prof. 3 i 2 Lab.Prev * igises s Prof. 5 t 2 Lab.rrcv. di gises s Prof. E i t, Vf,Ei.1 24 Lab.Prev. di leises s Prof. 34 Oct. Mir.. cf tes Eev. 34 Get. Mir.. er ths Eev. S s 5 34 Ont. Min. er ths Env. 3 34 Get. Min. o ts Eev, N 34 Ont. Min. of ths Env. rr Get. Min, of ths Eev. U G Get. Min. of tlE Env. 3 3: Get. Min. cf ths Env. 0 it 32 Dnt. Min. of ths Env. E i Trt Gnt. Min. cf ths Eev. 3 J 36 L*niv. cf Kyc:: E I'- 3 Univ. cf rivots G 3s niv. o* Assisrdao 5 J; K 3 Ontario Ministry of Eev. 1 3 Dr.tar:: Ministry of Eev. 3 ti 41 Inst. Pears. Res.,Milan,Italy 3 1 4; Inst. Pbars. Pea.Milan.Italy I 4 Inst. reare. Res.,Milar,lian G 41 Inst. Pham. P.ss..Milan.Itaiv S A - 70 ^ m ::?al feiSTE :3=:r:"s :? i SGURCE TYPE "AGILITY RUKICIrfi-L WASTE CGJiBUETO^r Csa=. Italy 41 municipal waste coksjstgre 303, Italy 4: MUNICIPAL KASTE CQS9U3TDR3 Css:. Italy 1 MUNICIPAL RASTE COMSUSTGRE Coric, Italy 4i mmci-al waste cdmbjetcfs ^1 municipal waste combustors Ccrs. Italy Case. I_aly 42 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Municipal Incinerator (USA; 42 ii^ICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Municical Incinerator [USA; 42 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Municipal Incinerator [USA; 42 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Municipsi Incinerator (USA; T*> MUNICIPAL ASTE CCMS5TGRS Li.5. '43 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS U.S. 47 MUNICIPAL WASTE CGM5UETQRE U.S. 47 MUNICIPAL WASTE CGMBSTCPS U.S. 47 MUNICIPAL WASTE CCMBUETCRS U.S. 47 MUNICIPAL WASTE CCM3USTGRS U.S. 47 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS U.S. 4? MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS U.S.A. Facilities 4? MUNICIPAL WASTE CCMESTOP3 U.S.A. Facilities 4? MUNICIPAL WASTE COMEUSTORS U.S.A. Facilities 49 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS U.S.A. Facilities 49 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS U.S.A. Facilities 4? MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS U.S.A. Facilities 49 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS U.S.fi. Facilities 49 MUNICIPAL WASTE CO"BUSTORS U.S.A. Facilities 49 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS U.S.A. Facilities 49 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS U.S.A. Facilities 4? MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS U.S.A. Facilities 49 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS U.S.A. Facilities 49 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS U.S.A. Facilities 49 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS U.S.A. Facilities 53 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Beveren, Bsiciua 53 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Severed, Selgiua 53 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Severed, Belgitua 53 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Severed, Beloit:: 56 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS N/A 3s MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS N/A 5s MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS N/A 57 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS France il) 57 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS France ID 57 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS France il) 37 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS France il) 57 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS France (1) 72 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Urban Inc:iterator, Italy 72 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Urban Incinerator, Italy 72 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Urban Incinerator, Italy 72 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Urban Incinerator, Italy 72 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Urban Incinerator, Italy 72 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Urban Incinerator. Italy 72 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Urban Incinerator, Italy 72 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Urban Incinerator, Italy 72 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Urban Incinerator, Italy 72 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Urban Incinerator. Italy 72 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Urban Incinerator, Italy ft IT source charact. > 5CG cec-sss 2 > 500 csgrses 2 i 500 decrees C > 500 oegress Z > 500 degress 2 > 500 degrees C N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Seal: Mosolar Ssall Modular Ssali Modular Snail Modular incinerator/Boiler `Incinerator/Boiler locinerator/Bciler Incinerator/Boiler Incinerator/Boiler Incinerator/Soilsr Industrial Soreader Stoker Industrial Spreader Stoker Industrial Spreaaer Stoker Industrial Spreader Stoker Bonestic/Industriai Wastes Domestic/Industrial Wastes Bcsesti:/Industrial Wastes Dcaestic/Industria: Wastes One Plant One Plant One Plant 950 decrees C 950 degress C 950 degrees C 950 degress' C 950 degrees C N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/fi N/A N/A m F 3. r._ =1 : r:: :ir Z :rE::i2f. -:*:= : VA J S/A ' VA 4 VA T ii*<;r. - VA 4 6 :=t 4 3; ::: 4 3 ::: :: :t 43 N/A 43 N'A 4' 0.04 n; 4: 0.04 r r s; 41 0.-> f.g 4; C.C4 ns 4: 22 po.'c2 22 pg/a3 - 120 :gi*3 4: 120 pg/e3 4? 22 C3/.-3 25 p/r.3 := 120 p/a3 7 120 a.c3 49 -'- r-t*-4? 120 p/s3 49 25 3.'S3 49 25 33.23 4: 12C pg;s3 49 12C* pg/ae N/A r- N/A 53 N/A 5:w N/rt 56 C.ls/ C C.i ns/; 56 C.003 ng/1 57 100s; - 200 pg/g 57 100p; - 200 pg/'g 3` iOp - 200 pg/g 57 Cp - 200 pg/g 57 lOOp - 200 pg/ 72 * 1;A N/A T' N/A 72 N/A 72 N/A 72 N/A 72 N/A 72 N/A 72 N/A T1" N/A 72 N/fi ::dd =5207 H622F ;J7'" :::= 7102 7227 *272' ir 7222 PCDD 1222 2.3.7.B 7222 H222 H722D SIZ'D 2.3,7.3 7C2D rese 2,3,7,= 72DF 7C27 2,3,7,3 72D2 7CDS 2.3.7.3 7CDF 7227 72SD 7CD7 2,3,7.3 TCSD 7322 2.3,7,3 7227 720= 7202 FCDD 7C2F P2DF 2.3,7,3 "CDD -,;fb 1222 2.2,7,3 722D 7220 P5CDD ' H6CDD H72DD 02OD TCDD P5C2D H6CD2 H7CDD Q2D5 TCDD =5202 HCDD H72DD 0222 TCDD .*t~ r: n_s...."- 125.9 r/Ns 309 ng/Nsa 22C.3 g/Nsr 314.2 ng/SOE 215.1 ne/Nsa 123.5 r./Nsjr. lo.ooo'ppt 45.000 pat 45 ss: loco ppt 0.24 us/a5 2300 ng/a3 31.46 ng 1.9 ng 42.2 n; 10 no ND* .295 ng/23 1.2 r.g/s3 5.4 n/s3 1.1 ns/:3 1,05 ng/s3 3.15 n/a3 10.3 ng/a3 21 ng/a3 ND ND 9.1 rg/n3 29.7 ng.a3 99.5 r/s3 279.5 ng/a3 N/A N/A N/A N/A ND NS ND 275 n;/ 7.3 ng/g 21.8 ng/ 2.4 ng/g 135.3 n/o Trac. 4 ng/ is n/g 1s ng/ 35 ng/g Iras. 6 ng/g 53 ng/ 55 n/g 50 n/g 40 ng/g unir vAr.lASIII7Y 19 - 31 r;/K: l7 - 234s r:/N:r 17 - 2261 r.g/Nsa 22 - 2=2S pg.fisr 25 - !/!4 :.;Nk 17 - 749 ng/Nec K/A " N/fi N/A m !i;A N/A - 42.2 ng 0.5 - 2.5 ng .'D- 7s ng ND - 25 ng N/A .29 - .30 n:/s3 1.1 - 1.3 n/s3 2.3 - 7.9 r/o3 8.3 - 14 n/c3 1.1 - 1 n;'ce 2.5 - 3.S n;/3 1.9-24 ng/c3 4.5 - 47.7 ns/s3 N/A N/A 5.6 - 9.6 ng/s3 29.3 - 30 ng/aZ 35 - 14 ng/s3 247 - 312 ,ng/s3 0.1-7 n/s3 52.1 - 433 ng/a3 2-30 ng/a3 37 - 306 r:/3 N/fi N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A =72237=27= 'S n=K MSk "Sa . si; MS* K2H fissi "5b M3N "3k MS "Ss MSN rrssessd MSN Frasessad O Prcsesss MSN Prccessed MSU KSK/astB Oil H3/aas:e Sii M5N/iiasie Oil MSN/Naste OU MSs/Naste DU KS/Ksste Zi 32F RDF PDF PDF PSss, 72?s P2?s, ?C?s p:ss. fcps PCBs, FCPs MSK/Csai KN/Caal MSN/Csal m MSs Sii SW SK ' MSN/PCB MSB/FCE SSK/FCB MSN/PCB KSK/PC3 MSN/PC3 fSK/PCH MSN/PCE MSN/PCE MSN/PCB HSM/PCS A 7'3 IRA. AS"= :2KEL=:2RE RE1 ? SAh-LliiB CS2Ai;:iAr:0N RAULS ;i Ins;, Pharr.. Res..Man, Italy 41 Inst. rhare. Fs=.,KiIanrItah a ii :r=:. rr.arr. Res..Man,Its:v u 4: Ins:. Fnare. Res..Milan,Itsi a 41 Inst, Phare. Ess..Man.Italy 41 Inst, Fnarc. Ess..?1.:Ian.Italy 42 Ur:v. cf Nebraska 42 Un:\. of Nebraska a a z | 42 Lniv. of Nebraska 3 42 bniv. or Necraske E *7 ; *i 43 m MOT 9 S 47 U.3. ERA 9 i 4? L.S. EE47 :J.5. ERA ** 2 47 ii.E. ERA b 47 Li.3. ERA ii 4? Systsch Cor:. S C a i 49 Systsrh Cor?. 5 l 49 Systech Cor?. | 49 Evstecr. Cor?. S 3 jS 49 Svstech Cor:, S i 49 Systsch Cor?. 49 System Co-o. 5 5 Systech Cor?. 1 1 4' Systsch Corp. P 45 SystEch Cor?. 1 49 Systsch Carp. 1 <? Systsch Corp. |; 49 Systsch Corp. 0 B 9 B 1 49 Systsch Corp. e I 53 iiniv of Antwerp B 1 33 liniv of Antwerp 8 m B f7 iiniv of Hr.twErp E | 53 liniv of Antwsrp 1 " Aass Lab, Iowa St. iiniv. e* Ases Lao, Iowa St. liniv. E |] - Ases Lab, Iowa St. iiniv. e 1 57 iiniv. of Waterloo, Ontario m iiniv. of Waterloo. Ontario 1 57 E 57 iiniv.-of Waterloo, Ontario B 1 11 liniv. of Waterloo, Ontario a 1 57 Iiniv. of Waterloo, Ontario s EL Lab. Inouin. fttsosferics, Roes ft 72 Lab. Inguin.' Atoosferico, Rose 5 mK i Lab. Inouin. Atecsferico, Rcee S 71 Lab. Ir.guin.AisosfsricD, Rose E 72 Lab. Inouin.Ataosfericc, Rose S 72 Lab. Ineoin.Htsosfericn, Roes S 72 Las. Ingiiin.Ataosferico. Race E 72 Lab. inocin.fttecsfericc, Rose 5 72 Lab. Inouin.Atoosferico, Rose E 72 Lab. Inouin.Atscsferico, Robe E 72 Lab. Inouin.AteosrEricc. Rose 5 A-7d *v EF ? SC'Jr.CI "YPE rs-- --r-v MUNICIPAL KASTE CuMSUSTGP.E ?- MUNICIPAL ASTE CCHBUSTORS Ursa?; incinerator. !:aiv urban incinerator, Italy MUNICIPAL rAETS "CMB'JSTuRS U-:ar. Incinerator, Italy haste ccmeus'gfs Urban Incinerator. Italy T4 -ijmicifal aste ccmeustgfs Bologna, Italy 74 muk::i=;;l waste combustors Ti MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS ` 7 municipal haste ccmbustgfs =4 municipal kste cgmbustof.e Bologna, Italy Sciogr.a, Italy Bologna. Italy Boioo-a, Italy 74 MUNICIPAL hkETE COMBUSTORS mi-f9 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS Soioc-r.a. Italy Bologna, Italy 74 ftiilCIPfiL KASTE CCMEUSTOES Bologna, Italy 74 MUNICIPAL KASTE CCKBSTJRE Bologna, Italy ?: municipa:. waste ccmsustore Milano. Italy 74 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS Milano. Italy. 74 MUNICIPAL KASTE CCMEUETGFS Milano. Italy 74 MUNICIPAL ASTE COMBUSTORS Milana, Itaiv 74 MUNICIPAL KASTE C5KB57D33 Milano. Italy 74 MUNICIrAL KASTE C3M3USTCRS Florence. Italy 2* MUNICIPAL KASTE CCMBUETORS Florence. Italy 74 MUNICIPAL. ASTE COMBUSTORS Florence. Italy 74 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS Florence. Italy T4 MUNICIPAL KASTE COKBUSTOPS Florence, Italy 74 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS Florence. Italy 74 MUNICifAL KASTE COMBUSTORS Florence. Italy 74 MUNICIPAL NAHTE COMBUSTORS Florence, Italy 74 MUNICIPAL ASTE COMBUSTORS Florence, Italy *4 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS Florence, Italy 74 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS m 74 MUNICIPAL ASTE C3MBUS7DF3 N/A 74 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS N/A 74 MUNICIPAL KASTE C0MSU570RS N/A .y MUNICIPAL ASTE COMBUSTORS N/A '4 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS N/A 74 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS N/A 74 MUNICIPAL ASTE COMBUSTORS N/A 74 MUNICIPAL ASTE COMBUSTORS N/A 74 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS N/A 74 MUNICIPAL ASTE COMBUSTORS N/A 74 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS N/A 74 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS N/A 74 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS N/A 74 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS N/A 74 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS N/A 74 MUNICIPAL LASTE COMBUSTORS N/A 74 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS N/A 74 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS N/A 74 MUNICIPAL ASTE COMBUSTORS N/A 74 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS N/A 74 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS N/A 74 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS N/A 74 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS N/A 74 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS N7A 74 MUNICIPAL ASTE COMBUSTORS N/A OwuT -z . N/A N/A ii/A N/A Urban Incinerators Urea: Incinerators Urban Incinerators urban incinerators L'*ba: Incinerators Urban incinerators urban Incinerators iiroan Incir.sratcrs Urban Incinerators Jrcan Incinerators Urban Incinerators Urban Incinerators Urban Incinerators Urban Incinerators Urban Incinerators Urban Incinerators Urban Incinerators Urban Incinerators Urban Incinerators Jroan Incinerators Urban Incinerators Urban Incinerators Urban. Incinerators Urban Incinerators lUl*h>O*Un Incinerators Urban Incinerators Urban Incinerators Urban Incinerators Urban incinerators Urban Incinerators Urban Incinerators Urban incinerators Urban Incinerators Oman Incinerators Urban Incinerators Urban Incinerators Urban incinerators Urban Incinerators Urban Incinerators Urban Incinerators Urban Incinerators Urban Incinerators Urban Incinerators Urban Incinerators Urban Incinerators Rural Incinerators Rural incinerators Rural Incinerators Rural Incinerators Rural Incinerators r.lZllSlz S^-_E vit 71 *i-s*w'.. ,71 Stall ?r Stack _ StiCK FA Tr. FA * 3; ES nz SS 74 ESF FA tc 74 ::: y-i- ss '4 lz: F- EE 74 ESF FA ss -urr.ace Ash 3S *i F.rr.ace A=: SS 7^ Furnace Ash EE 74 Firnace Ash ES 74 Furnace -i act Ash .r SB SS "4 ESF FA zz 74 rat FA SC 74 Er FA S 74 ESF FA ES 74 Stack FA KST 74 Stack FA HH5T 74 Stack FA NK5T 74 Stack FA KKT 74 Stack FA NN5T 74 Stack FS KfiST 74 Stack Ft - KK57 74 Stack Ft KK5T 74 Stack F3 KH57 74 Stack Ft KN5T 74 ESF FA ES 74 ES? FA ES 74 ESF rfi ES 74 ESF FA SS 74 ESF FA SS 74 ESF FA SS 74 ESF FA ES 74 Furnace Ash ES 74 Furnace Ash- SS 74 Furnace Ash SS 74 Furnace Ash ES 74 Furnace Ash ES 74 Furnace Ash ES 74 Furnace Ash ES 74 Stack FA Train 74 Stack FA Tram 74 Stacr: FA Train 74 Stack FA Train I ' Stack FA Train ll. Stack FA Train 74 Stack FA Train 74 ESF FA ES 74 ESF FA ES 74 ESF FA ES 74 ESF FA SS 74 EE? FA SS BAKFLH Nt1!. 1 a:.;le 1 Sacple : Eartle ! tac^is ii.?i m K/ nrfi/A r;-i K/fi N/fi K/ft N `A N/A N/A N/A m N/A fcVA m K/A K/A K/A N/A K/A K/A N/A K/A K/A K/A N/A H/A K/A N/A K/A K/A K/A N/fi N/A N/fi N/A N/fi K/A K/A N/A K/A K/A H/A K/A N/A K/A K/A N/A A-76 EXTKAZTI2SI SoxnUt/Eencene Sinhlet/Bencene Sc.-rhiet/Ssncsns Sinhlet/Bencene Scxhiet/Xviene Scxhlet/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Soxhiet/Xvlene Soxhiet/XvienE Scxh:ei/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Ser:hlst/Xylene Scxhiet/Xviene Scxhiet/Xyiere Soxhlet/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene So::h:st/Xy:enE Soshiet/Xylens Soxhlet/Xylene - Soxhlet/Xylene Scxhlet;Xyisne Soxhiet/Xyiene Soxhlet/Xylene Soxhiet/Xyiene Soxhlst/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Soxhlet/Xyler.e Soxhlet/Xyiene Soxhlet/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Scxhiet/Xviene Soxhiet/Xyiene Soxhier/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Scxhlet/XvIenE Soxhlet/Xylene A-sALYS: sc/ks EC/ sc/ks E" K: EC/ e:/k= SC/KS SS/?!S EC/K SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS sc/ks BC/fiS SC/KS ES/NS SE7K3 SC/KS SC/KS SC/ffS SC/KS SC/NS BC/KS SC/KS SC/NS SC/K5 SS/NS EC/MS SC/NS BC/KS SC/KS BC/KS SC/KS BC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS BC/KSSC/KS EC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS BC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS BC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS mETE CCNrUSTCF. - "A 72 K/; 7' fi/A T1" K.-A i- '/A 74 N/A 74 N/A 7;"* N/A 4 N/A ." H/fi 74 ri/A 74 N/A 74 N/A 74 N/A 7: M/A -i S/fi 74 ri/A 74 N/fi 74 S/ft 74 S/ft 74 N/A 74 fi/A 74 h/rt 74 N/A 74 K/A 74 N/A 74 N/fi 74 S/fl 74 fi/A 74 N/A 74 N/fi 74 N/A 74 N/A 74 K/fl 74 N/A 7* N/A 7^ N/A 74 N/A 74 N/A 74 N/A 74 N/A "4 N/A 74 'N/A 74 N/A 74 N/A ?4 N/A 74 N/A 74 N/A 74 S/A 74 N/A 7i N/A T4 N/A 74 N/A 74 N/A 74 N/A C" "~ i H=:r: j OCDD ;:3B/7*:cr ?3crD/?s::" KiCi2 /n;2DF HTCDI/H/ZI-r tcdc/tcdf P5CSS/F5CCF HaC::/HsC5r k7:dd/h7:df ococ/qcdf r:M/rc!F :2D:7F52Dr H6C3D/HsC3F H7CDD/H7CDF GC3D/0CBF TCBS/TCBF P5CDD/P5C3F HiCDD/KiCS? H7CDB/H7EBF GCCj/QCDF TC3D/TC3F P5CDD/F5KF HaCDB/HsCBF k7cbb/h7cdf 3C2B/GCBF TCDfl PSCDD HfcCDD K7CDD QCBB H7C3F CCSF "SB F5C3B CDS K7CBD OCBD H7CDF QCDF TCSD F5CBB HaCDD H7CS0 DC3S H7C2F CCjF TCSD P5CSC CDS H7CDD CCDS ISCiiSn CjNI. IK- n:/e 540 r<g;Q 900 n3'2 900 ng/g :i2 ppb 205 pob 235 p:b 343 :?b is pnfc 20 ?ps 33 ppb 133 ppb 390 ppb 51 ppb 115 ppb 177 ppfc 310 ppa 547 ppb 175 ppb 240 ppb 185 ppfc 400 ppb 570 cpb ND ND 125 ppb 105 ppb 31 ppb 20 ppb 100 ppb l&O ppb 230 ppb 490 ppb 70 ppb 50 ppb la ppb 20 ppb 33 ppb 90 ppb 340 ppfc 25 ppb 50 ppb N/A SO. 3pc ISO ppb 290 ppb 510 ppb 110 ppb 0 pcb N& NQ NC 30 ppb 40 ppb n *r*7 On!.- Van:AS1.77; N/A N/h N/A N/A N/A fi/A N/A N /h N/fi N/A K/A N/A N/fi N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A K/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/fi N/fi N/A N/A N/A N/fi N/fi N/fi N/A N/A * N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A f=::jf=2fs vSli/sC= f!S*/CS KSW/FCfi KSWFCr Untreated !iSk Untreated flSfc Untreated fiSlsi Untreated HEN Untreated NSW Untreated "SVi Untreated NSW Untreated NSW Untreated MSS Untreated NSW Untreated NEW Untreated K3S Untreated HSU Untreated NSW Untreated NSW Untreated NSW Untreated NSW Untreated NSW Untreated NSW Untreate: NEW Untreated NSW Untreated NEW Untreated MEW Untreated H33 Untreated NSW Untreated MEN Untreated NSW Untreated NS/ Untreated HSis Untreated SEN Untreated NSW Untreated SEN Untreated NEW Untreated NEW Untreated NSW Untreated NSW Untreated NSW Untreated NSW Untreated NSW Untreated NSW Untreated NSW Untreated NSW Untreated NSW Untreated NSW Untreated NSW Ag Products Ag Products fig Products Ag Products Ag Products I | 1I j ] fli s:- s 2=j =.5;*:: RATILB - - Leo. Ingoio. Atcosrsri::, Bors 12 U:. Inculo Htosfsr::o,, R o s e 7 " L i ': . Inerir. AtscTsricc, R o s e 1 1 L:. Inoui: Ataosisrioo. Boss 74 Ir.5t. culi Inuin Atros, R o s e 74 S d Inu:r Aesos. Ress '4 Issi, culi logui: Atnss. Ro s e 7: Irtfit. Bell Inu:n Ataos. Ro s e ^4 :.e=t. Bui: locum Ataos. R o s e "4 Insi. Bull Inouin Ateos. Rens i Inst. Bul Inuin Ataos, R o s e *4 ini:. Bull Inuin Ataos. R o s e 74 Inst. culi nuin Ataos. Ross 74 Insi. Bull Inuin Ateos. Ross > >st. BlII Inui' Atsos. Bors 74 Ins:. Sull lnu:n Aines. Ro s e 74 Inst. Sull Inouir. Ataos. Ro s e 74 Inst. Bull Inouin Atoes. Ro s e 74 Inst. Sull Inuin Ateos. Ross 74 Inst. Bui: Inouin Ateos. Ro s e 74 Inst. Bull Inouin Atsos, Ross 74 Inst. Bull Inuin Ateos. Ross 74 Inst. Beli Inuin Atsos. Ross 74 Inst. Bui! Inouin Ataos. R o s e 74 Inst. culi Ingt-in Ataos. Ro s e 7 Inst. Suii Ir.uin Atsos. Reas 74 Inst. Bull Inuin Atsos. Ross 74 inst, cul] inuin Atsos. Ross 74 Inst. Bull Inuin Ateos. R o s e 74 Inst. Bull Inouin Atsos. Rose 74 Inst. Bull nuin Atsos. Ross 74 Inst. Bull nuin Atsos. Roas 74 Inst. Suil Inuin Atsos. Ress 74 Inst. Sul* Inouin Atsos. Roas 74 Inst. Bull Inouir. Atsos. Ro b e 74 Inst. Bull Inuin Atsos. Ro s e 74 Inst. Sui! Inuin Ataos. Roas 74 Inst. Sull Inuin Atsos. Rose 74 Inst. Sull Inouin Atsos. Ress 74 Inst. Bull Inuin Atsos. Ress 74 Inst. Bull inguin Ataos. Rase 74 Inst. Bull Inuin Atsos. Ro s e 74 Insi. Sull Inguin Ataos. R o b e 74 inst. Sull Inuin Atsos. Ross 74 Inst. Sul: Inuin Atsos. Ro s e 74 Inst. Sull nuin Ateos. R o s e 74 Inst. Bull Inzuir, Ateos. Ress 74 Inst. Bull nuin Ataos. Roas 74 Inst. Sul: Inuin Atsos. Rees 74 Inst. Sull Inouin Atsos. Ress 74 Inst. Bull Inuin Atsos. Ro s e 74 Inst. Bull Inuin Atsos. R o s e 74 Inst. Sull Inuin Ateos. Ress 74 Inst. Sull Inuin Ataos. R o s e a c c 0 5 3 3 - S s s S c e 5 5 h B 5 9 I T 5 5 5 8 e 8 G h* _S R G 5 s E e E 5 3 I T 1 T T fl_7Q ::e :3!i5L=T:== zr: ?vrr T- ml;:cifal haste cafisusTo^s *T MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS TT municipal haste cd^ lstgf-"V municipal haste ccmbuetors 74 MUNICIPAL NAS"a COMBUSTORS municipal aete :iie:j="== 74 MUNICIPAL LASTS COMBUSTORS 7a municipa. %aste combustors T4 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS "4 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 74 MUNICIPAL HASTE CCMBUS70RS 4 MUNICIPAL AE7E CCitSiiSTQRS ' 4 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 74 MUNICIPAL HASTE CC=U57C== 74 flL^EC;.-AL LASTS COMBUSTORS 74 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 74 municipal lasts combustors *4 MUNICIPAL LASTS COMBUSTORS 74 KLMCIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 74 MUNICIPAL LASTS COMBUSTORS 74 MUNICIPAL HASTE CCMSUSTORS 74 MUNICIPAL sAETE COMBUSTORS 74 MUMICIPAl sAETE COMBUSTORS 74 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 74 MUNICIPAL ^ASTE COMBUSTORS 74 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 74 MUNICIPAL iiASTE COMBUSTORS 74 MUNICIPAL iiASTE COMBUSTORS 74 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 74 MUNICIPAL iiASTE COMBUSTORS 75 MUNICIPAL iiASTE COMBUSTORS 75 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS T7*f5Jf MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 75 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 7=: MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS ?t tri MUNICIPAL sAETE COMBUSTORS 75 * MUNICIPAL HASTE CCM3US70RS 75 MUNICIPAL iiASTE COMBUSTORS 75 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 75 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 75 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 75 MUNICIPAL iiASTE COMBUSTORS 75 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 75 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 75 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 75 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 75 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 75 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 75 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 75 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 75 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 75 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS 75 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS racilitv N/A S/A m N'A N/A N/A N/A N/A VA N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Italy is) Italy (} Italy ia) Italy it) Italy (6) Italy ia: Italy ii) Italy ia) Italy (a) Italy (a) Italy !B) Italy ia) Italy (6 ) Italy ia) Italy ti) Italy ia; Italy ia) Italy (a) Italy (1 Italy (6 ) Italy ia) Italy Cc) Italy ii) Italy ia) :rv;r."r Rural I-::r:sratcr= R^ra; :7:::.sra-:rs Rural Inainsratcrs R_:al I^ci^srats^a Rural Ir.::r.sra:crs Sural :r.:ir.srs::r* Rural In::aerat3r= Rural Incir.aratars Rural Ir.::r.sra::r= N/A K/fi N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A . N/A N/fi N/A N/A N/fi N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/ft N/fi N/A N/fi N/A N/A N'A N/A N/A N/fi N/A N/fi N/fi N/fi ii/ft N/fi N/fi N/fi N/A N/A N/A N/fi K/A SF ?:r i z z i m i V"-" 74 '4 ::: 71 Furr.aze 74 Fumare ^j rurr.ace Fu-nace 74 Fumare 74 Fumare 74 Fumate 74 rumaze Farraes 7* Furrises 74 Fumare 74 Fumare 7: Farrees 74 Fumare ?4 Sia:; 74 staci: 74 Z Z & 74 ztZY. 74 Start 74 Staci 74 Stazk 74 Furrises 74 Fumare 74 Fumare Fumare 74 -umaze "4 Fumare "4 Fumara 75 ScazL 75 Stasi: 75 Stazi; 75 Stazi: -r Stazi: 75 Sta:.-: 75 Stazi: 75 Stszk #w Stack 75 Start 75 Cyzione 75 Cytiene 75 Cyzisne 75 Cydene 75 Cyzione 75 Cyclcne 75 Cyclcne 75 Cycisne 75 Cyricre 75 Cyzione 7C; rurnazE 75 Fumare 75 Furr.acs 73 Purnace 3^r* FA Siudre SIUZZE SldZZE SlLZZr S-uzis Siusgs Sludge S3uzza -- " r= S3UZZE Sludge S3UZZE S3UZZE S3UZZE -k f; FA -A FA FA FA Sludge Siedee Siudge Sludge Siuzze Sludge SUZZE FE/FA PB/FA FS/FA FS/FA FS/FA FS;"h FS/FA FS/FA FS/FA FS/FA Slucge Sludge Sludge SiUZZE Sludge Sludgs SludgE Sunge S3unge Sludge Aar. Ash Ash Aah SS ES SS ss c-= ss ss -C ss ss ES ES SS ss s: T-a:r 'rain Train Train Train Train Train SS ES SS ss ss ' ss ss HH5T KFI5T HK57 HH5T HH5T HK3! HH5T H!ET H5T tiST SS S3 ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss SAHrLS NL*. N/A N/A fi/A il/fi fi/A N'fi \*h K'A fi H N/fi K/A N/A K/A S/A K/A S/fi K/A ./A N/A K/A K/A N/A N/A K/A K/A N/A K/A K/A K/A K/A N/A K/A N/A N/A K/A K/A K/A K/A K/A K/A N/A . K/A K/A K/A K/A N/A K/A N/A N/A N/A K/A K/A N/A K/A EXTRACTlu'i Souhiet/XvienE Somisi 'Xvlene Srxhlet/Xylane 3cuhlst//yler.s Sochisi/Xviene Scshlst/Xvlens Szuhlei/Xyiene souhist/XvisnE Sashlei/Xylene Sochiet.'M ene Soxhlet/Xylene Earn:et:Xylane Sochiet/Xy!ene Scuhiet/Xyiene Soxhlet/Xylere Sruhiri/r.lem sochlei/Xylene SochiEi/Xylens Ss&hlet/Xyiene Ssxhlet/Xyiene Boxhlet/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Soxfilet/Xylene Sochiei/Xylene Ssrhlet/lylens Somlet/Xylene SoxhUt/Xylene Ssxhlet/Xylene Sochist/Xylene Soxhlet/Xylene Xviene Xylene Xylene Xylene XylEne Xylene Xylene Xylene Xylene Xylene Xylene Xylene Xylene Xylene Xyiene Xylene Xylene Xylene Xyiene Xyene Xylene Xyiene Xylene Xylene fl_o n ANALYSIS SI/KS EC/NE SC/HS s:/k= c'/yr EC/HS ec/ris sc;r.SC/HS SC/HS EC/HE ec/rts SC/K5 SC/HS SC/HS SC/HS EC/HE SC/HS SC/HS EC/HS SC/HS SC/HS SC/HE SC/HS SC/HS SC/HS SC/HS SC/HS SC/HS SC/HS SC ec SC sc SC EC/HS SC/HS SC/HS SC/HS SC/HS SC sc BC SC ec SC/HS EC/HS EC/HS SC/HS SC/HS EC SC sc sc "i - o * j - j -i .i - - i - . i - - i --j - . i - . j - . i - . i i -.j -.i -( -.| - j -j '-i -i -* -i i l n i u i u i ( . ' i n i i . n i n m i . n n i n m i l d *rt I n f n a n fl V* ta # H f 11 t u _n* ' " . I fc- l ' - . f V* J '*! i * i* 4* if 3R zsz if- ? c J * t `> x i se s e SR SR s : SS K SR se ` s ,. x > x > X * X T > X * :i> X * te X j* : n K v V - IfT VT! S I S C ^ SR se re se s r se v r X * i - X * X * i> X * n > X - 3 > :i> i > x u > rr- - I '*1 h- J - r * rt< h* 4 ^ r N -O JT * afl 4 .1 -.1 - I ' *' - h * J .! ;i s> s; z ai XX zz x v > :i> X ' 1 ' :t> T * 3% f ' X - X * 1 * x < * T * -J.' in 11 'i Ml Ml "j * :) i * :ir -I lu ra:i 3ni***. et"`nUiC-TH CaT X'-1 onu-: C'IU -i enu CMXII XCITT`*tTnJ --CTc oIT :'nr`.ircnii's nnm iiiItTu ;Cr*:| nXLl- TlI I n n n u u Uul rji UI UtrJi Crlu IaU UCIl ttuu UI ttuu wtu tri tu ttuu trui (vvji om 1Cl1 tluu atu uiti t.ZM U - m X n : "O r n :j ; X :i: XX TJ n : : : n ; ` (I :r nU I - 1 u C l C * 1 1 n I U r j IT c % T r i M l n IT IT n IU u - e n " 1 1") ` -I a '* 1 C f ' (1 1 -1 o 4 C l ' i r* C T M l 1T M l < J M J n ( 1 M l ! 1 1 1 *> (-1 C T < T n IT e n -- t u -i Mi i j t i i j I U t u r u C l t u a u U I t n I U t u i : j t u t : : i t J C l U U l ; j M O C I t u n e u t r i t u r * l ; ; l C I t * j t . i l;.*t tu 'n T l tu tu n O T l T l tu au ru LU U T l -n a t u t u r ; i ( V i ' l l T l U t . C T m t u T l T l . 4 IO r :j Ml ,1 1 m ' "E 11 11 :r * r* a* 11 r i *i i 'i 1 .J :c M i> m i *j in t t I J p- - 4 ^ I J 9 ^ -- M H O * C f' O u t U * o O e n U I r-* 4* M en o U1 to O I CD UI tu (m 4 J I-* (U r a 4 * O -* *31 (1 1 o- t*| OOOO en O lu en O tu O ;> e u i . n O e n 11 en O U u SI SJ * J iCJ U C J SV S i S J U U I u = J S> u ai i O en n U ra 0 3 i a m SJ n U 03 SI SJ SJ n 03 03 SR o 03 ri o SJ U Cl 0 3 na SC SR T J T 3 SR SR X SR 33 T3 SR SR SS SR SR TJ t u I U 3 3 3 3 u s e n ( :;i (n i U I T 3 'C l t u r u t u U ' i : i n 1 1 t u t r tn- cr* 4 T l /7J` SC i SC lu n r i F i 33 'M 13 U C * C !( frCJ I 1 tati 0 3 U1 iCI < n O 03 n 03 > n es Cl LO an on IC I CS e s 0 3 C3 o n t r r r C I" J !J r* Mi eu :x IT I ;i i (T c :i SR 11 ; r S C S R S R S R S C S R 1 C S R S C S R S R S C ; c ST* S R s e S R S R S R S R S C S R S R > 3 > X * X n > Lt> X 3 > > X * x> 3> X> X> X X * X - n> X S R SR S R S R SC s r s r . srt S R s e S R S R SR SE - SR SR S i SR SI X * X p J> x> X * T * > x i 3 > X * X > 3L> x i 3 > X * r > > n > X - * 3 ' X ; r --- ; e S i -- rt. x i :r > i n > -r> X ;< i !l> r ut : :K u j: ecrna nriserns k:k : i-i rn* e;rs u:i* m: e u: wurie u:je>i eKrne t;xkn: t:Kvn' u5i: ku iu ui e tsne tn k: u u i : u "M T l T l T J " U 11 T *1 T ' J T T *1 u : :r X re 3 : X X : c X zxz O n o L l o O u O o (3 13 U n u I J o o > C l a i 13 f l n n a i 11 M r 14 U t? o 13 14 1 t t On n u u I I F i i> I I n L3 L l L J I J u i l 13 n (3 X- X* :i> X * 3 > 3> X * X i H U i C3 o *1 1 * 1 r.-f >1 J r n :rc : k ( 3 o 0 3 0 3 O 13 e s 0 3 o s l O i l 3 t r i O n 0 3 ro n i ru tu m rji m ru rn n i ro ru 10 m L * rc SS :j u n S i I J ; i u r j n S J : j 11 r m to U I U i m a ;; m : vn M - > M * - H * *' M M 14 N M t* r t f J N I I H :c M l LQ :c ui :r m re :c :x Ml Ml U i *TJ - f l Tl TJ T o T' TJ Tl * : t ; tir: n z p u r - * 1 *1 1 T *1 T '1 T T O U C J 13 O U o 11 f i j * . * * .. * *. c e t a c e M e s r e r e C l f e ta r u to ro tD m n i m ta m ro ru m n i ; r S R i r s e S R V , r : r c i ; v : (L r- r c e I L r e t e t :e r e I L c e u . C e u c e I L an* f J u ( 1 L J n O c i V1 M r i n a i n n n i: n * * r f t f < r f- r ' V r r r I* :c m :t fO :c r i li> t u ; k IM V K : : r M l M J M J ir j (U : c. : k u i tn r * ZK. : " (1 T J f J J t r t (13 U i m TJ i TJ fu *ti o u tu mt uu ui an m n UI Ui UI C l u i K &z C n ; SU m : f f : as: s r: n o c I I T J T J T l T V t :j ' U m U I n i ru m ru Ili T * f ^ i '1 T T " 1 :u m ij i," :n Ml MJ ;u Ml ."E.- k EAfrlINs 0=3AS:ZhT12K RAT "4 -5*. 3-.1 Inosin A:a:=. Rocs 74 Irst. Eul: Inosin fitros. Rcss 74 Ir,st. Sei: Inruin Aires. tes "4 Irst. 5,1: Ingeln Ataos. Rocs Irst. Euli Irsutr. Atccs. Rocs 7^ Irst. SlI; Iro-.'.n Aires. Ross 74 Irst. -11 Ir.o-'.ir. Aires. Rocs 74 Irst. Sll Ingeln Atsos. Roas 74 Irst. -21 Inguir Aires. Rocs Ti Irst. seil Irre:.* fitros. Rooa 74 lost. -22 Ingu:r. fitaos. Rocs 74 Ins:. S-12 Incuin fitcos. Rons 74 Inst. S-.II Ingum Aieos. Reas 74 Irst. s-i! inguir Ataos. Roas 74 Irst. 2-11 IrtLir At.oes. Ross "4 Inst. Etil Inguir Aires. Raas 74 Inst. '-;! Ir.guin Aieos. Roas 74 Irst. Suil Inguin Aieos. Ross 74 Irst. ul: Inguin fitses. Sons 74 Inst. Soll inguin Aires. Rons 74 Inst. S-1I Inruin Aisos. Rors " Inst, sei: Inseln Aisos. Rons 74 Irst. ul* Insdr Ataos. Sons 74 Inst. Sll Inruin fiieos. Rane 74 Inst. Sali Inseln Ateos. Rcae 74 Inst. SulI Inguin Ataos. Ross 74 Irsi, Culi Ir.guin Atros. Rose 74 Inst. Bell Incalo Aieos. Rese 74 Inst. Sol Intuir. Ataos. Rese 74 Inst. Sol Irgolo Aires. Rose 75 Irst Ch:a Anaii, niv di Rosa 75 Inst Chic Anali, Uriv di Sosa 75 inst Chis An3ii, niv i Rosa 75 Inst Cha Anal!, r.iv di Rosa 75 Inst Chis Ansi, Uriv i Rosa 75 Ins: Chic Ans:, niv di Roes 75 Inst Chic Ansi. r.iv ri: Rosa 75 lost Chic Ans!, r.iv d: Rosa 75 I-'st Chis final:, niv d: Rosa 75 last Chin Anali, Univ di ora 75 Inst Chic Anali, r.iv di Rosa 75 Irst Chis Anali, Univ di Rose 75 Inst Chie Anal:, niv di Rosa 75 Inst Chie Anali, Univ di Rosa 75 Inst Chic Anali. Univ di Rosa 75 Inst Chie Anali. Univ d: Roas 75 Inst Chia nai, Univ di Rosa 75 Inst Chie Anali, Univ di Rosa 75 Inst Chic finali, Univ di Resa "5 Inst Chii Anali, niv d: Rosa 75 Inst Chie Anali, niv di Rosa 75 Inst Chic Anali, Univ di Rosa 75 Inst Chie Anali, Univ di Ross 75 Inst Ch:s Anaii, Univ di Rosa - T T 1 ? * : . I T T I I I 1 I I I I I I I I ! I I I I I I c 5 G E 5 I G 6 6 e G 6 5 G 3 G B 5 G S G 5 A-82 il* ' z~:r"T rz rz r tr 7- 75 ~3 :r 75 7C re re 75 re rr rr *5 75 77 77 T7 TT 77 T- 77 "7 7T 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 7if; 77 77 77 `34 *34 *34 ` 34 *34 *34 *34 *24 36 36 26 Si 86 nL'ilCIPAL A27E CC'iEUETORS municipal ^ bte cgmbustcre municipal aste coBaTGRr Mj;:::f;l ae'e ccmbuetors municipi hAsts cgmeuetcre -iJNCIPAL sAETE 33.13737335 MUNICIPAL r^ASTE CCMEUETORS MUNICIPAL .-=373 lLMsUETCRE mjnicifa- ua=7e ccmbustgrb MUNICIPAL sA=TE ClMBlSTCRS MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBURERE MUNICIPAL BASTE CGM3iiE"R3 municifa. *;aste cimbetges k*js:c:fal ^aete cmele" m& icipal baste ccmbustcre mu;cipal aaste ccmbustgrs KUKICIFAL BASTE CSMBUETC'SS HUMICIPftL BASTE C0M3UST2RS MUNICIPI BASTE CGHBUETDRE MUNICIPAL BAS'E COMBUSTORE MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORE MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORE MUNICIPAL ASTE COMBUSTORE MUNICIPAL BASTE CCMSUSTRS MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS HUNICIFL BASTE COMBUSTORE RUNICIrAL BASTE CMBSTDRE municipal baste combustore UNICI?Al BASTE COMBUSTORS MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORE MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORE MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORE MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORE MUNICIPAL BASTS COMBUSTORS MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORE MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTGSS MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS MUNICIPAL BASTS COMBUSTORS MUNICIPAL BASTS COMBUSTORS MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS MUNICIPAL BASTE 00M2USTCRS MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS MUNICIPAL BASTE COMBUSTORS -a:;litv Italy (61 Its!-/ (6) Italy (6i Italy (6) kaiy is) Italy ic; Italy (6? Italv is) Italy 16) Italy tal itaiy !6) Italy 16) Italy 16) Italy (6) Itaiv (al itaiy 161Italy lai Italy la) Italy 16) Italy 161 Italy 16) 25 Installations 25 Installations 25 Installations 25 Installations 25 Installations 25 Installations 25 Installations 25 Installations 25 Installations 25 Installations 25 Installations 25 Installations 25 Installations 25 Installations 25 Installations 25 Installations 25 Installations 25 Installations 25 Installations 25 Installations U.S. U.S. U.5. U.S. U.S. U.5. U.5. uWlCMl Arnhai, Netherlands Arnhes. Netherlands Arnhea, Netherlands Amhec, Netherlands Arnhes, Netherlands SOURCE CHARACT. K/h A;tsr Rsiyoiing After Parve;mo After P=rvolino After Reoyolmo After Rstytling After .Recycling After Recycling After Recycling After Csnpcsi Production After Cor:ret Production After Coroost Production After Ccspsst Production After Cooccst Production Aker Cocoes: Production After Coreos: Production After Coopcst Production After Csspost Production After Coopcst Production After Coopcst Production After Cospost Production N/A N/fl n;a N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Incinerator-Boiler Incinerator-Boiler Incinerator-Boiler Incinerator-Boiler Converted Coal Boiler Converted Coai Boiler Converted Coal Bailer Converted Coal Boiler N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1 as:= CC'iEJSTM: 11 1* "" irv.i.::::: 5A?'F-E met-}: SAMPLE SUM. 1 EUSAZTIDfi ~i Furnace A=h ss ty:E.-.e 75 Cyclone Eludes es s.A Xylene 75 Cycles Sludge SS N/A Xvlene 75 Cyclone Slucge 3S i 75 Cyclone Elucoa C-S N/A N.fi Xylsne Xylene \ 75 Furnace Ash EE N/A Xylene 1 *5 Fa-1 5 :5 Sat 35 75 Fu-r.ace Ash SS N/A H !k XylerjE Xv:ene *5 -uT.ace Ash 7C rv,,-. Sludge SE 5S N/A Hr- Xylene Xylene I 75 Cyclcr.e Sluocs =5 1 75 Cvclone SIuccs 53 ! 75 Cyclers Eludes S3 K/fi N/A N/A Xyisne Xylene Xylene 75 Furnace Ch SS K/A Xylene 75 Fur'aca Ash SS N/A Xylene 75 Fares:" -ah 85 N.'k Xyiene 75 Furnace Ash 35 NH Xylene 75 Cyclone Sludge SS N/A Xylene 75 Cycions Sludge GS K/A Xylene ! 75 Cyclers Sludge SS N/A Xylene | 75 Cyclone Sludge SS |i 77 ESP FA S3 77 SSF FA SS K/A N/A N/A Xylene Soxhiet/Hexane Soxhiet/Hexane 77 ESF FA 53 h'A Soxhiet/Hexane B " ESF FA es 77 ESF FA S3 N/A N/A Soxhiet/Hexane Soxhiet/Hexane 77 ESF FA ES N/A Soxhiet/Hexane 77 EE? FA SS N/A Soxhiet/Hexane 77 ESP FA ES N/A Soxhlet/Hexane 7" ESF FA ES N/A Soxhiet/Hexane 77 ESF FA ES N/A Soxhiet/Hexane 7? Stack FA N/A N/A Soxhiet/Hexane 77 Stac? FA fi/A N/A Soxhlet/Hexane 77 Stack FA N/A N/A Soxhiet/Hexane 77 Stack FA N/A N/A Soxhiet/Hexane 77 Stack FA N/A N/A Soxhiet/Hexane 77 Stack FA N/A N/A Soxhiet/Hexane 77 Stack FA N/A N/A Soxhiet/Hexane 77 Stack FA N/A N/A Soxhiet/Hexane 77 Stack FA N/A N/A Soxhiet/Hexane 77 Stack FA N/A N/A Soxhiet/Hexane *54 Stack FS/FA MM5T 3 Tests/4 Days Methanol/Hexane *84 Stack FS/FA 57 3 Tests/4 Days Methanol/Hexane *S4 Stack FS/FA HM5T 3 Tasts/4 Days Methanol/Hexane 1-, *94 Stack FS/FA 57 3 Tests/4 Days Methanol/Hexane *34 Stack FS/FA KK5T 3 Tests/2 Days Methanol/Hexane 1 *34 Stack ' FS/FA 57 3 Tests/2 Days Methanol/Hexane *54 Stack FS/FA 57 Z Tests/2 Days Methanol/Hexane *34 Stack FS/FA 57 3 Tssts/2 Days Methanol/Hexane 86 ESP FA SS 5 sanihs Sexhl9t/ToluIene{24 nr; 36 ES- FA ES 5 sooths Soxhlet/7olulenet24 nr! E5 ESP FA 55 5 sonths Soxh!et/Tclulenef24 hr! 3a ESP FA 35 5 sooths 5oxhlet/Tclulene{24 hr.i 6 ESF FA GS 5 sooths Sexhiet/Tclulenei24 nr) A-84 ANALYSIS 32 32 SC 32 af'/BC 2 32 rC/MS mc-m 2 SC EC/MS 52 #EL^ SC SC/MS EC SC SC EC/MS EC/MS SC/MS 5C/MS 5C/MS EC/MS SC/MS EC/MS SC/MS 32/MS SC/MS SC/MS EC/MS SC/MS EC/MS 3C/MS BC/ME SC/MS SC/MS EC/MS EC/MS SC/MS EC/MS EC/MS EC/MS SC/MS EC/MS SC/MS EC/MS SC/MS EC/MS SC/MS SC/MS SC/MS - V -V - Z 7 ~ Z Z OZZ z D" 2C7:"N -/'32 -T S-'ft ri/4; ~C !i;4 M*,Jr4 K'4 T *V#/**; 73 N/A 7" i/4 T ,|t('-7j* *TT hi*:Ih-a *.i;.*i#" .7A 7: N/A fi/A T N/A 75 N/A N/A 7^ K.1' 7- K/A 75 N'A 7^ N/A fi/: N/A *.l!i/4 4/ M/A /i i*/rt 77 K/h 77 N/A 77 K/A li:ii *7 K/A 77 K/A 7# K/A 7T K/A 77 K-'A ?" K/A "7 K/A 7- K/A K/A 7? N/A 77 K/A #54 K/A #34 K/A #54 K/A #54 K/A #34 K/A *84 K/A #34 K/A *34 N/A Es K/A s K/A s K/A Es N/A Si K/A Tcnur? VS' yt^*r*xfe j?" n;TX * H=K K7CDI OCDD Qr"r risCDD H7CrO 0 :3 3 c:se Lrr-Ti H7CDD nrra GCDB HaCBIH7CB3 rHpWfir GCDD tc:d P5CDD HC2D H7CDD 0022 TCDF F5CDF of H7CDF GC3F TCDD ?5C2" KCDD K7CD2 OCBD TCDF F5CDF itmrtinflr K7C2F QCDF TCOD o1rnn TCDF FC2F TCDD PCDD TCDF PCDF TCDD H6CBD CC2D TCDF H5C2F f;2 : ">': 12 n:/: 10 na/: NS : ng/g n7 ;7 6 r.:/: KD 5 nc/g 5 ng/g ND N2 *1 "FV/-s 3 ng/g KD 1 ng/g 1 nn;n N2 54 ppb 122 ppb 32 ppb 255 ppb ls p:b 111 ppb l1i>, fr-f-K TJiu*f f**n|hS 177 ppb 15 ppb 100 ppb 800 ppb 1370 ppb 1370 ppb 3:0 ppb 40 pcb 50 ppb lOO ppb 1130 ppb 140 ppb 443 ng/s3 3.221 ng/e3 2512 ng/s3 5583 f!/s3 l. ng/s3 34.3 ng/s3 15.5 ng/s3 31.? ns/a3 24 ppb 13 ppb 51 ppb ?1 ppb 32 ppb S:TA vAFIArluIT' K/A. U iK :N/K K/A K/A K/A i11;r." K/A K/A K/A K/A K/A K/A N/A K/A K/A N/A K/A K/A K/A K/A 5-110 ppb 31 - 455 ppb 90 - 1200 ppb 190 - 902 ppb 110 - 2 ppb h - r?T ibk 42 - 510 ?:b 109 - 370 ppb S? - 407 ppb 20 - 2 :pb K/A K/A K/A N/A K/A K/A K/A K/A K/A K/A 253 - 770 ng/a3 l,23 - 4,257 rts/aZ 97 - 9,350 ng/a3 1,9?1 - 5,350 ng/:3 0.4 ~ 3.5 r.zIsZ 7.7 - C.3 nc/a3 3.2 - 30.3 nq/e3 2.0 - 1?.2 r.q/s3 N/A K/A K/A N/A N/A frzCJSSCR tItHCV> *= NSK u::: m 1K.r-itl' KSK NSK KSK KS MCjj KSK v1>qwiA: fCeUn MSN Hab HSU KSK KSK NSW K5H K31; HSU KSK usa KSK KSK NSt KSK NK KSK K5K MSN KSK Mij!<ii KSK KSK KSK KSK .KSK Seiusa Setuse Seruss refuse RDF RDF RDF R2F KSK fic.wtSrlft KSK usy KSK xahte co^ uh::== E3F .1?LI!i3 SRBAOA'IQN RA_I5 75 Inst Cric Anali. Univ si Resa 1.15t Unii Anali, Univ di Roca 75 Inst Chis Aral:, Univ di Roca 75 Ins: Chin Anali, Iiniv zi Roca ^C. Inst Chic Ana::, Univ zi Rosa "*r Inst Chic Anali, Univ di Reca 7=: Inst Chic Anali! Univ 2: Rosa 75 Inst Chis Anali, Univ di Rosa 75 Inst Chic Anali Univ d: Resa 75 Inst Chi? Anali. iiniv di Roca 7;r<j Inst Chic Anali. Univ di Rosa 75 Inst Chic Anal:, Ur.iv di Rosa 75 Inst Chis Ar.aii, Univ di Roca 7E* Inst Chis Anali, iiniv ci Roca 75 Inst Chis Anal:, iiniv di Resa 75 inst Chis Anali. Ur.iv ci Roca 75 Inst Chis Anali, Univ di Rosa 75 Inst Chis Anali, Univ di Rosa 75 Inst Chis Anali, Univ di Rosa 75 Inst Chis Anali, Univ di Rosa 75 Inst Chis Anali. iiniv d: Rosa 77 Ur.iv. ST Assterdas 77 niv. o Aestercas 77 Ur.iv. o fissierdac 77 niv. o Asstsrdas 77 Univ. o H S 5 t S r C 2 2 7? niv. o Aesterdas 77 niv. c Assterdas 77 niv. c Assterdas 77 niv. o Assterdas 77 r.iv. c Assterdas 77 r.iv. o Assterdas 77 niv, o ABsterdac 77 niv. o Asstsrdas 77 niv. o Aesterdac 77 Univ. o Assterdas V niv. o Assterdas 77 niv. o Assterdas 77 niv. o Assterdas 7/^ Univ. o Assterdas 77 niv. o Assterdas *34 Scott Env. Services *34 Scoti Env. Services * 3 4 Scoti Env. Services *34 Scoti Env. Services *34 Scsit Env. Services *34 Scott Env. Servics5 *34 Scctt Env. Services #34 Scott Env. Servic5 8 Uni'., c Aesterdac 9 Univ. o Asstercar. S niv. o Assterdas 5 Ur.iv. o Assterdas S Univ. o Aasterdas 5 3 3 3 ; 3 3 3 1 3 3 I T 3 3 3 : 6 5 T E E s 3 S 3 e 3 E c S 3 5 3 E S S 3 c 3 E 3 5 s 6 S e 3 A-86 w i M^ICI^AL KASTE COMBUSTORS REP ? SOURCE r:?E 3s MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Si MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Sc MUNICIPAL ASTE COMBUSTORS 3s MUNICIPAL WAS" COMBUSTORS s MUNICIPAL KhS`E COMBUSTORS 22 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS S3 MUNICIPAL LASTE COMBUSTORS S3 MUNICIPAL LASTE COMBJS70ES 22 MUNICIPAL ASTE COMBUSTORS Ss MUNICIPAL LASTE COMBUSTORS S3 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Ss MUNICIPAL LASTE COMBUSTORS as MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS 33 MUNICIPAL LAS" COMBUSTORS a: MUNICIPAL LASTE COMBUSTORS3 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS 22 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS 33 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS S3 MUNICIPAL KASTE COMBUSTORS 3a MUNICIPAL LASTE COMBUSTORS 93 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS S3 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS S3 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 86 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS S3 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS S3 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS S3 MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS S3 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS S3 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS S3 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS S3 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS S3 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 53 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS S3 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS S3 ' MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 36 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 86 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 86 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Ss MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 53 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS - So MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS S3 MUNICIPAL WASTE C0M3USTGR5 36 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 36 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Ss MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 36 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS S3 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS S3 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS S3 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS S3 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 53 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 36 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 33 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 33 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS FACILITY Arnr.es. Netherlands Leewarden, Netherlanes Lsewarden, f-ietherianes Lsswardsn, Nether1anas Leeaardsr.j Netherlands Leswardsr., Netherlands Lsenarden. Nethsrian:= Leiden, Netherlands Leiden. Netherlands Leiden, Netherlands Leiden, Netherlanes Leiden, Netherlands Leiden, Netherlands R:;ns:nd, Netherlands Rijnnsnd. Netherlands Rijnnnnd, Netherlands Rijnacnn, Netherlands R:jnsanc, Netherlands Riinaand, Netherlands R=3sends3l, Netherlands Soasendaal, Netherlands Rsasendaal, Netherlands P.snsendaai, Netherlands Rcneendsal, Netherlands Ronssndaai, Netherlands Rstterdas, Netherlands Rniterdsa. Netherlands ftetterdae, Netherlands Rntterdac, Netheriande Ratterdae. Netherlands Rotterdas, Netherlands Aikaaaar, Netherlands Aikaaaar, Netherlands Aikaaaar, Netherlands Alkasaar, Netherlands Aikanaar, Netnerlands Aikaaaar, Netherlands Asstsrdaa, Netherlands Assterdas, Netherlands Assterdas, Netherlands Aasterdas, Netherlands fiasterdac, Netherlands Aasterdas, Netherlands Zaanstad, Netherlands Zaanstad, Netherlands Zaanstad, Netherlands Zaanstad, Netherlands Zaanstad, Netherlands Zaanstad, Netherlands Zaanstad, Netherlands Zaanstad, Netherlands Zaanstad, Netherlands Zaanstad, Netherlands Zaanstad, Netherlands _ A-7 SOURCE CHARAC7 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/fi Ink N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A iU;fAM N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A re- r- cr-rserr SA"?LE ke'hcc S-Mr-LE N'JK. EXTRACT!3K :: ::r :i EE? ZZ re; Si rcc Si ES? S: ESSi EE? Si ESr Si ES? Si ES? Si ESr Si ESr Es Si ES? ;: zzz Si ES? as EE? Si ES? Si ESF Si ES' Si ES? Si ES? si ES? Si ES? Si ES? Si ES? ESP Si ES? Si ES? Si ESr Si ES? 5c ESr Si ESr Si ESr Si SE Si ES5 Si ES? Si ESr Si ES? Si ESF Si ESP Si ESr* Si Ec Si ES? Ei ES? Si ES? Si ESF 2i ES? Si ES? Si SS? Si ESF Si ES? Si ESF Si ES? FA S3 5 canine Sorhlet/Taiuiens'iA hrJ FA S3 a earths Sashlet/Tdulere(24 hr) ?; S3 5 earths 5ochlet/Talulene{24 hr; FA SS -A :: 5 2Ktha 3 earths 5sshlet/?oluleRei24 hr) Soshlei/TakieneiSA nr; FA 2: Z souths Saxh:st/7ak!enei24 nr) FA SS 5 earths Sc^hlet/To;uien:24 hr) =A SS 5 earths Soxhisi/Tciulene&A hr: FA S3 5 earths Soxhlet/TckleneiCA hr) FA 3= 5 esr.'ns Sashiet/Tc:u;enef24 nr1 FA SS FA zz 5 S3r.ths 3 scr.ths SashIeiPciulere(24 hr; Saihiet/Tcluleneu*1 hr) FA S3 5 earths Soshiet/Taiuienei24 hr) FA SS 3 canins 5orhlet/Tolul6nei24 hr) 5- SS FA :: 3 earths 5 Earths Sash:et/To!a!e:sei24 hr; Sesh;st/Tala:enei24 nr) FA SS 5 aonihs 5ashiet/Tcia]enei24 hr) FA S3 3 earths Sochlet/Talulenev24 hr) FA SS 5 earths Soxhlet/Tolu!ene(24 hr; FA SS 5 earths Scxft!ei/Tciu!enei24 r.r; FA SS 5 earths Scxhlet/Ts]a:ensi24 hr) FA SS 5 souths Sa::hiet/Tsl:.lenei24 hr) FA SS 5 earths 5oxhlet/Toli:lene!24 hr; FA ES 3 aonths Eoxhlet/Taluiene(24 hr) FA SS . 3 earths SaxhIet/TsiuleneiZA hr) FA SS 3 earths 5oxhlet/Toiulsnei24 hr; rfi SS 5 earths 5anhlet/Tcia:e.nei24 hr) FA SS earths Sc=hlet/Tolulensi24 hr; FA SS 5 souths Soshlet/Toiulene(24 hr: FA SS 5 eonths Scxhlat/Tclulenei24 hr) FA SS 5 earths Ecrhlet/Tclulsne:24 hr) FA SS 17 Sasples/1.5 years 3oxhiet/TolLiienei24 hr) FA SS 17 Saapies/i.5 years Sexhlet/Toklene(24 hr; -A SS 17 Saeales/l.S years Sashlet/7aiul5nef24 hr) 5A SS 17 Saeples/1.5 years Soxhlei/TcluleneiZ* nr) FA SS P SaspIes/1.5 years Sashlst/Talulsnei24 hr) FA SE 17 Saaples/1.5 years ScxhlEt/Toiulenei24 hr) FA ES 14 Sasples/1.5 years Saehlet/Tali;Ier;si24 hr) FA SS 14 Sasples/1.5 years 3asnlet/Talu!ehei24 hr) FA SS 14 Sseples/1.5 years Soeh!et/Tolulene(24 hr) FA ES 14 Sasples/1.5 years Soxhlet/Tcialenei24 hr: FA S3 14 Sasples/1.5 years Soshiet/TcIulenei24 hr) FA SS 14 Saaples/1.5 years Soxhlet/Tcliiiene(24 hr) FA SS 23 Saeplss/1.5 years So::hlet/Tclulens2* hr) FA SS 23 Saeples/1.5 years SashiEt/Talu:enei24 hr) FA SS 23 Sasples/1.5 years 5aehlt/TalLiensi24 hr) FA es 23 Sacaies/l.S years Scrhlst/Tciulsne(24 hr? FA SS 23 Sasples/1.5 years Sorhlst/Tcluifinet24 hr) FA SS 23 Saeples/i.5 years Sash:et/TduI06(24 hr) FA Coni. S 10/2 hrs Sesftlet/Toluienei24 hr) FA Cent. S FA Cant. 3 10/2 hrs 10/2 hrs Saehlet/Tolulene(24 hr) 3cxhiet/Telalenei24 hr) FA Cant. S 0/2 hrs 5oj;hlet/TBlulenei24 hr: FA Cant. S 10/2 hrs Soshiet/Tcklenei24 hr) A-88 AN'ALYS: SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC KS EC/KS =:/= "/! cr-we - SC/KS SC/KS EC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS sc/ks SC/KS 6C/HS BC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS GC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS SC/KS V i detctign li*:" K/A K/A ci N/A :i S;A 5c m . 2C HIr Si M/A es N n 55 N/A C i N/A 5s K/A 55 m Si N/A Si N/A c: K/A Si K/A Si K/A Si K/A Si K/A Si N/A Si NVA Ss K/A Si K/A Si N/A Si N/A Si N/A 3c N/A ci N/A Si N/A Si N/A Si N/A Si N/A Si N/A Si N/A S N/A Si N/A Si K/fi Si N/A Si N/A, Si N/A Si N/A Si `N/A Si N/A Si N/A Si N/A Si N/A Si K/fi Si N/A Si N/A Si N/A Si N/ Si N/A Si N/A Si N/A ISCKEi GCDF TCDD HiCDD o;dd Tt r ,r HiCDF oc: F TCDD HiCDD ccd: TCDF HiCDF SCOF :co: hscdc CCDD TCDF HiCDF GCDF rese HiCDD OCDD TCDF HCDF CCDF TOD HiCDO OCDS TCDF HiCDF CCDF reso H6CDD QCOD TCDF HiCDF GCDF CDD niCDD OCDD TCDF HiCDF QCF TCDD HiCDD .OCDD TCDF HiCDF GCDF TCDD P5CDD HiCDD H7CSD CDD . ISDISF CONC. P?3 22i ppb 5iC ppb 110 ppb 24C :?fc 230 ppb 10 pib 212 psb 51V psi: 550 psb 220 pp5 530 ppb 110 ppb KD lO ppb l ppb 50 ppb 60 ppb 10 ppb 40 ppb 530 ppb 150 psb 110 ppb 150 ppb 40 ppb 13 ppb 140 psb 150 ppb 70 ppb 70 ppb 20 ppb 113.5 ppb 435.2 ppb 5i.4 ppb 220.1 ppb 421.2 ppb 1S ppb 14.1 ppb 152.2 ppb 401.0 ppb il.5 ppb 123.3 ppb 23.0 ppb 106.5 ppb 730,9 ppb 353.7 ppb 211.0 ppb 590.0 ppb 60.15 ppb 83.3 ppb 435.5 ppb 157.3 ppb 1701.5 ppb 1372.i ppb fl o n DATA 1/A=:A3IL:TV N/A N/A N/A N/A h'/; N/A N/A K/A N/A K/A K/A N/A K/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A K/A K/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/fi K/A N/A 30 - 20i 190 - S92 ppb 22 - 23i psb 7s 410 ppb liC - 1260 spi 0 - 126 ppb 2-29 ppb 40 - 233 ppb 23 - 1565 ppb 12 - 34 ppb 25 - 237 ppb ND - 97 ppb 19 - 295 ppu 49 - '1608 ppb 37 - 1017 ppb 20 - 471 ppb 32 - 1330 ppb 4 - 223 ppb il - 135 ppb 242 - 33 ppb 1070 - 2030 ppb 1160 - 2140 ppb 595 - 1550 psb PFEC'JF.iF. m "SK M34 m 13 .13 13* 1SK .13* 15 13 15 >5 13 13 K5B isa isa 13 isa sa 13 sa 13 13 sa sa 13 2 13 13 13 12 13 1SW 13 13 13 13 13 ISi. 13 1S 13 13 13 12 ISM 13 13 13 15 13 13 airs a."=U"5s f sk?l:ke as&:i/nou r.ATIKB Si Univ. 2? Asstertiax 3 S ni\. cf ftsstsrdsa S Sc Univ. d Aestsrdac 5 Ei Univ. cf Aastsrdac = ntV. o1 Asstsrsa.T S zz lin:V- ci Acsterdar. E zb Jniv. zi Ansiaras 3 c; lini'., s? Assterdas 5- nv. et asi=ras S I Sa Un/. Arstercas z 36 r.iv. o? Asstarcas 3 I Be nv. er ftcsterdaa 5 S r.iv. o* Asstsrdao c S Univ. cf Asstsrdao I Si r.iv. sf AsaiErr z Sc r.iv. cf Assiardac S S r.iv. cf Assistas S Univ. af Acsiardar z ! S r.iv. cf Acuerdan 3 S Univ. of Aasterdac He Univ. cf Asstardas c 5 S niv. cf Afisterdas E S Univ, cr Acsterdas S Univ. sf Afisterdas 3 A3 S nv. cf ficsterrias Si tiniy. cf Assterdas fi si Univ, cf Ansiaras 3 S Univ. cf Aastsrdaa 6 S Univ. cf Asstsrdas e S Univ. sf Asstsrtias S Univ. cf Afistardas 6 H S Univ. sf Asat&rdas S Univ. cf Asstsrdas E S Univ. of Attsterdae 5 S Univ. cf Acsterdae S S Univ. o*' Aastsrdaa S Univ. cf Asstsrdss S Univ', cf Aesterdas 3 S S Univ. of Afistardaa S Univ. cf Aastsrdaa S Univ. of Assterdae S Univ. of Aastsrdaa E 6 a 5 S Univ. of Afisterdas S . Univ. cf Aastsrdaa S r.iv. of Absterdas E we R S Univ. of Afisterdas S Univ, cf Aasterdaa Se Univ. cf Acsterdaa E a 5 S Univ. of ftcstercaa S Univ. of Asserdac S iniv. of Aastsrdaa S fi n S Univ. of Aastercaa S Univ. cf fiesisrdae S Univ. of ssterdac 5 r3 6 A-90 MUNICIPAL REF A SCUPCE :v?s Si MUNICIPAL WASTE CGMBUS70FE Si MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS ri MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS ZL NUNICIP.- HASTE COMBUSTORS C:i:. MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS MUNICIPAL LASTS COMBUSTORS sa MUNICIPAL AS" COMBUSTORS SB MUNIZI=AL WASTE COMBUSTORS : NUN!ZIFA. WASTE COMBUSTORS Be MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS S: MUNICIPAL WASTE C2MEUSTQRS :: MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Sa MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Sa MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS sa MUNICIPAL WASTE ECMSliSTSRS r MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 7 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 87 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 27 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS sa MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 29 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 5- MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS B= MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 5= MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS S9 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMSUS'DRS S? MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 3? MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 97 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 97 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS Z**i MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS V MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 97 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 101 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 101 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 101 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 1C1 MUNICIFAL WASTE COMBUSTORS n o MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 114 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 113 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS 112 MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS ns MUNICIPAL HASTE COMBUSTORS Issneiad. Netherlance Zaansiad, Nethsr:ends laanstad. Netherlands Iasn=t3i. NetherIar.c-s Zaansted, Netherlands laar.scad, Netherlands laanstaa. Netherlands laanstad. Netherlar.es laanstad. Netheriana laanstad, Netherlands Zaansrad. Netherlands laanstad, Netherlands laanstad. Netherlands laanstad, fistherlsr.es laanstad, Netherlands m N/A N/A K/ft SsflRA Plant, Canada SHABA Plant, Canada SWARA Plant. Canada Sw'AEA Plant, Canada SliARA Plant, Canada SWARA Plant, Canada 3UARA Plant, Canada SsARA Plant, Canada Chicago Nil Chicago NH Chicago NH Chicago NH Ases, Iowa 5 Incin. (North Aaerican) 2 Incin. (North Aaerican) 5 I.ncir.. (North Aaerican) 5 Incin. (North Aaerican) KVA, Zurich-Jcsefstrasse Heapstead Utility Plant (II Utility Piant (11 Utility Plant 11) SOURCE CrASACT. N/A N/A S .'A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Spikes MSN Spiked MS* Scikad US Spiked MSW Traveling Srate Boiler Traveling crate`Boiler Travelins Srate Boiler Traveling Srate Boiler Traveling Srate Seiler Traveling Srate Boiler Traveling Srate Boiler Traveling Srate Boiler Raw Refuse Incineration 500 Raw Refuse Incineration 500 Raw Refuse Incineration 5CC) Ra* Refuse Incineration 500 Coal/RDF Incineration (12000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A BDF/Energy Recovery N/A N/A N/A ii*;ii , *nZ tZ - ?.l~ 5C"EE5=* z NE7KCE sample nun. EXTRACTION Si i; Si ::: FA Cent. 3 FA CKt. S 10/2 hrs 1/2 trs Sechiet/Tciu]enei24 hr) Soxhiet/TsluieneiCA nr) Sc ESP FA Cent. S !0/2 nr= Ssshlet/7oluiens(24 hr) Zt zzf FA Cent. S 10/2 hrs Soshlet/Tc:jiensi24 hr) :: ~zz FA Cent. S 10/2 hrs Scxhiet/7-:-luIens(24 hr) Si SUZY. =3 Train U sacsles/1.5 years S2c*nlet/Tcluienei24 hr) Si Stazi: FE Train 14 sar-piea/l.S years Scchlet/Tclu!eRel24 hr) Ss Staci; F2 Sc Stack * r: *ra:n li saacEs/l.S years Sechist/Talulene*124 hr! Train sac;lea/1.5 years Scxhiei/7olu:ene:24 hr) Si Staci: =2 Train 14 sane!ea/l.5 years Soxhlet/TciuleneiCA hr) 35 Staci: FS Train 14 sasples/1.5 years 3ox.nlet/Talulene(24 hr! Si Stack FS Train 14 sacples/1.5 years Soxhlet/Tolulene(24 hr) Si Staci: FS Train 14 sae:les/1.5 years Soxhlet/TcIuienei24 hr) Si Staci: FS Train !4 sa&ples/l.5 vea'S Scxhlet/Talulenei24 hr) Si Staci: 7 Staci. FS FS/FA Tram 14 sasples/1.5 vears Soxhlet/Tc-lulene(24 hr) K/fi s Sa-tpies N/A ST Stack Fa/Fft N/A 6 Sasples N/A 37 Stack FS/Ffi N/A i Sasples N/A S7 Stack FS/Ffl N/A t Sacoles N/A SS ss -- rese SS read SS 15 Runs 15 Runs N/A N/fi ss Srate ss arata s? ESP ss ESP e? Stack Ash Ash Ash fish FB/rft ss ss Ci ss W.57 15 Runs 15 Runs 15 Runs 15 Runs 15 Runs N/A N/A N7A N/A N/A es Stack fs/fa 97 Furnace Ash KK57 ss 15 Runs 10 Qavs N/A Soxhlsi/Benzene (8-24 hr) 97 ESP FA SS 10 Days Soxhlet/Benzene -24 hr) 97 Stack FS UN57 10 Says Soxhlet/Ber.zene iS-24 hr) 57 Stack FS NN57 10 Days Sczhlet/Benzene (6-24 hr) S7 Stack/ESP F5/FA NK5T/SS 5 Days Soxhiet/Benzene (8-24 hr) 10! Stack FA Filter 5 Sasples Soxhlet 101 Staci: FA Filter 5 Sasples Soxhlet 10! Stack FA Filter 5 Sasples Soxhlet 10! Stack n o Stack 1:4 Stack FA FA/FS FA Filter Filter SSAS 5 5aaplee N/A M Sexhist N/A Hethylene Chloride 113 ESP FA SS N/A Sexhist 18 Hopper US Stack FA es FS HK5T N/A N/A Soxhlet Soxhlet ANALYSIS BC/NS SC/NS BC/KS SC/NS SC/NS SC/NS SC/NS ec/KS SC/NS SC/N5 SC/NS SC/NS BC/r.s SC/NS BC/NS SC/NS SC/NS SC/NS ec/NS 6C/KS EC/NS SC/NS GC/BS SC/N5 SC/NS BC/NS SC/NS BC/ftS SC/NS BC/NS SC/NS SC/NS SC/NS SC/NS SC/NS SC/NS ec/NS SC/HPNS ec/NS SC/NS SC/NS A-92 Er f DcTiCTIC;.' : -1 V-; 3 r:.a Ci fifit ic ti;s f.'A zz N'i 3 N/A c: Ci S'A zz N/.; z i N/A Si Hin Sc N/A Si S/ C N--A S7 K/fi E7 N/A S7 K/ K/A 3= m :: H/A 39 H/A St K/A 3? H/A = h/A 25 fi/A S= .-n 57 0.3 ns/a >7 0.5 n/ " .25 ng/dsaa 57 .25 n/dsci 7 .25 ng/dsca 10! 0.5 ng/ :oi 0.5 R3/8 :oi 0.3 r./ 10! 0.5 ns/g m 114 N/A *I N/A iIS fi/A IIS fi/A *wr- ::sf FSCDF HiCDF K7CDF DCDF 7CCD F3CDD hcd: K'CDD dcde 7CSF =scdf HiCDF H7EDF CCD" 7CDD =CDD 7CSF PCDF -CDD "CD" PCDE -CDF FEED FCDF PEDE* PCDF PEDD/FCDF PCDD/PCDF 237S TEDS TCDD FEDD/FCOF TCDD PCDD TCDF PCDF PCDD/PCDF TCDD PCDF PCDF PCDF :c^:e- cc:.*:. DAT- yASIAcniT' FEECLiESIEr S2.7 ::b ?=- SiC.i 34:.5 94,2 pa: 37.1 ng/Ns3 132.I r=/K53 435.3 177.0* ng.'hcC 931.7 n/N:3 151.1 ng/NsC 133.2 ng/NcC 52E.4 ng/Ns3 204.2 ng/Ns3 7.6 ng/Ns3 21.5 ng/s3 544 ng/s3 4S ng/c3 435 ng/nJ 19.S ng/s 2.3 ng/g C.5 ng/g O.a ng/g 23. n/ 4 ng/g 3.63 u/a3 7.S3 u/c3 fis ND C-41 n/dsns .3 n/dscc D 20 . n/ 235.5 ng/g 45.7 n/ 517:3 ns/g N/A 19.1 ng/sasple Detested Detested Detested IOS - 291 :pt =14 222 - S:= :pt 555 - 1310 f-ik 3=7 - -= pp: 37-145 :pb fSK 10 - CIS n;/Ni3 fies 22 - 714 n/NtZ MSH 11! - 1:33 ng/f.s3 iSfc 124 - 922 r.;/c3 25 - 3711 na/Ns" MS r.sii 4c - 55 ns/Ns3 Ss 109 - 702 rg/N.:3 nsu 174 - 1437 n/Ns3 m 153 - 504 ng/Ns3 3 ND - 201 n/Ns; HSK 14-31 n/3 !SN and Ci Bersene 329 - " 01 r./a3 MSW and Ci sen:ene 26 - 5 ng/s3 "Sii and CU Senaere 316 - 93 n/s3 NSN and Cl Semens 3.7 - 97.5 n/ SDF ND - 25 ng/g UDF ND - 3.3 ng/g EDF NE - 3,9 ng/g EDF .2 - 94.2 ng/g EDF 12 - 103 ng/g EDF 1.3 - 11. u;a3 RDF 3.7 - 12.5 i/sj EDF m Eau KSN fi/A Ra* tiSK N/h Rau nsa K/A Ea KS N/A 337. Csal/lS7 EDF 2.4 - 35 ng/g MSN 31.2 - 203.1"ng/g 4.4 - 209 ng/g MSN sa 4.0 - 2353 r./g 4 - 50 ng/s3 msn usa 1.2-35 ng/saEple EDF/Bicaida N/A fiSW/Csal N/A HSH/Coa; m MSN/Csal A-cn uEi::?h_ kAsT: :!!s"=7:=5 rrr $ SAKELIMS SSSftMIATHit . RATINE =i Lin::. o; Aosterdar 3s bniv. of Aistsrda: Es iir.iv. of Aasterdao Ss Jniv. of Aostsrdas S: ilsiv. of H5tSrdsS S3 Univ. of Aesis^oas Sr Jr.:--. of Hosierdan 3 :' liniv. of Acsteriac :: Ur;:v. of flcstsriafi Br Oriv. of Aosteroas Bi lin:v. of ftastsrdas S Univ. of Assterdas S !!r.:v. of Assteroas Ec Ur:v. of flostsrdar S un:\. o; Hesiercae =7 iir.iv. cf Ansterdas B7 Iteiv. of Asets*dac 7 L/niv, of Assterdao 7 Liniv. of tasterdas 3? Dntaris Ressarcn Found. so Ontario Research Foard. S? Ontario Research Found. 9 Ontario Research Found. 5= Ontario SeaEarth Found. S= 0r.tar:o Sssearch Found. 2? Ontario Research Found. 29 Qnta-io Sessaron Found. 7 T3H 97 TSii 97 Tkh 97 Ink 97 7Rk: 101 Texas fiS-M Univ. Col of Vet Wed 10! Texaa AiM Univ. Col of Vet Med io: rexas A&K Univ. Col of Vet Med 10! Texas A&M Liniv. Col of Vet Med 110 Dabendorf, Suit, F.M.T. .1. 114 liright Stats Liniv. 119 SCE n s DUE H P SUE 3 a s a 3 5 s a a s 5 e 6 S I *t I 1 c a s 6 c 5 8 n S e s s F c 6 6 r A-Q4 APPENDIX B. DETERMINATION OF SAMPLE SIZE PROBLEM: Determine number of municipal waste combustors that should be tested in order to estimate the average dioxin emission rate within a 10 ng/nr interval with 95 percent confidence. Municipal Waste Combustors: Total population = 40 Site TCDD (ng/m3 ) A 240 B 29.7 C 6.3 D E 31..215 F ND Assume: Sampling from a finite population without replacement d2 (N-l) + Z2 SD2 n = sample size N = population size = 40 Z = reliability coeff = 2 (95% confidence) SD = standard deviation 3 d = confidence interval = 5 ng/nr Case I: (all sites listed) x = 46.7 SD - 87.0 n = 40 (2)2 (87)2 = 3g 52 40-1) + 2Z (87)2 Case II: (drop sites with highest and lowest average TCDD levels) 10.1 SD = 11.46 * = 40 (2)2 (11.46)2 = 14 52 (40-1) + 22 (11.46)2 SOLUTION: In order to estimate average dioxin emission rate for municipal waste combustors, 14-39 sources should be tested. Based on 95% confidence, results would be within 5 ng/nr of true mean. B-l APPENDIX C CURRENT REFERENCE LIST C-l LIST OF REFERENCES PERTAINING TO CHLORINATED DIOXIN AND FURAN AIR EMISSIONS 1. Ackerman, D. G., et al. (TRW, Inc.) At-Sea Incineration of Herbicide Orange Onboard the">l7T Vulcanus. EPA-600/2-78-086. April 1978. 2. Ackerman, D. G., et a K (TRW, Inc.) At-Sea Incineration of PCB Containing Wastes" E5nboard the M/T Vulvanus." (Prepared for U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water) EPA600-7-83-024, April 1983. 3. Ackerman, D. G. (TRW, Inc.) Destruction Efficiencies for TCDD During at Sea Incineration of Herbicide Orange. (Prepared for the Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park), Contract No. 68-02-2660, March 1979. 4. Ahling, B. and A. Lindskog. Emission of Chlorinated Organic Substances from Combustion. From Pergamon Series on Environmental Science Volume 5 - Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds Impact on the Environmental. 1982. pp. 215-225. 5. Ahling, B., et al_. Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibensofurans During Combustion of a 2,4,5-T Formulation. Chemosphere. Volume 6, 1977. pp. 461-468. 6. Arsenault, R. D. Pentachlorophenol and Chlorinated Dibenzodioxins in the Environment - A Study of Environmental Fate, Stability, and Significance When Used in Wood Preservation. Proceedings of the American Wood Preserving Association. Volume 72, 1976, pp. 122-148. 7. (ASME) Study on State-of-the-Art of Dioxin from Combustion Sources. (Prepared by Arthur D. Little, Inc.) 1981. 8. Ballschmiter, K., et al_. Occurrence and Absence of Polychiorodibenzofurans and Polychlorodibenzodioxins in Fly Ash from Municipal Incinerators. Paper Presented at the 3rd Internation Symposium on Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds. Salzburg, Austria, October 12-14, 1982. 9. Barnes, D. G. Assessing TCDD Emissions from Municipal Waste Combustors. Presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds. Salzburg, Austria, October 12-14, 1982'. 10. Barnes, D. G. Dioxin Production from Combustion of Biomass and Wastes. (Prepared for Energy From Biomass and Wastes VII, An Institute of Gas Technology Symposium) January 24-26, 1983. C-2 11. Benfenati, ., et al. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDF) in Emissions from an Urban Incinerator, 2. Correlation Between Concentration of Micropollutants and Combustion Conditions. Chemosphere. 1982. (Volume No. 12, No 9/10). 12. Bridle, T. R. Assessment of Organic Emissions from the Hamilton Sewage Sludge Incinerator. Environment Canada, Environmental Protection Service, Wastewater Technology Centre, Ontario. 13. Brocco, D., et Polychlorodibenzodioxins and polychloro- dibenzofurans in the Environment. Physico-Chemical Behavior of Atmospheric Pollutants. (Proceedings of the Second European Symposium, Varese, Italy, September 29 - October 1, 1981.) B. Versino and H. Ott, ed. 1981. pp. 82-88. 14. Brooks, G. W.. (Radian Corp.) Summary of a Literature Search to Develop Information on Sources of Chlorinated Dioxin and Duran Air Emissions. Final Report. Prepared for Strategies and Air Standards Division, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, October 1983. 15. Bumb, R. R., et al_. (Dow Chemical) Trace Chemistries of Fire: A Source of Chlorinated Dioxins. Science. Volume 210. October 1980. pp. 383-391. 16. Buser, H. R., et al_. Identification of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-pdioxin IsomersTound in Fly Ash. Chemosphere. Volume 7, 1978. pp. 165-172. 17. Buser, H. R. Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) from the Pyrolysis of Chlorobenzenes. Chemo sphere. Volume 8. 1979. pp. 415-424. 18. Buser, H. R., et al_. Identification of Polychlorinated Dibenzofuran Isomers in FlyTsh and PCB Pyrolyses. Chemosphere. Volume 7, 1978. pp. 419-429. 19. Buser, H. R., et al_. Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) from tHe Pyrolysis of PCB's. Chemosphere. Volume 7, 1978. pp. 109-119. 20. Buser, H. R. and C. Rappe. Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans from the Pyrolysis of Individual PCB Isomers. Chemosphere. Volume 8, 1979. pp. 157-174. 21. Cassitto, L. and P. Magnani. 2,3,7,8 TCDD Monitoring in Flue Gases from an Incinerating Plant. Recent Developments in Mass Spectrometry in Biochemistry and Medicine. (Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium.) Alberto Frigerio, ed. Volume 1, 1978. pp. 563-568. C-3 22. Castaldini, C., et al (Acurex Corporation). Emissions Testing of Industrial Boilers Hofiring Hazardous Wastes - Sites A, D, E, 6. (Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, IERL, Cincinnati), 1983. 23. Cavallaro, A., et al_. Sampling, Occurrence, and Evaluation of PCDDs and PCDFs from "Incinerated Solid Urban Waste. Chemosphere. Volume 9, 1980. pp. 611-621. 24. Cavallaro, A., et al_. Summary of Results of PCDD Analyses from Incinerator Effluents. Chemosphere, Volume 11, No. 9, 1982, pp. 859-868. 25. Choudhry, G., et al_ Mechanisms in the Thermal Formation of Chlorinated Compounds Including Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins. Proc. of Workshop held at Instituto Superior de Fanita, Rome, Italy, October 1980. 26. Crosby, D. G. *and A. S. Wong. Photochemical Generation of Chlorinated Dioxins. Chemosphere. Volume 5, 1976. p. 327. 27. Crummett, W. B. (Dow Chemical). Environmental Chlorinated Dioxins from Combustion - The Trace Chemistries of Fire Hypothesis. From Pergamon Series on Environmental Science Volume 5 - Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds Impact on the Environment. 1982. pp. 253-263. 28. DaRos, B., et aj_. (Acurex Corporation) Measured Multimedia Emissions from the Wood Preserving Industry. (Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio) Contract No. 68-03-2567, Task' 4028. March 1981. 29. DeRoos, F. L. and A. Bjorseth. (Battelle-Columbus) TCDD Analysis of Fly Ash Sample. (Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC) EPA Contract No. 68-02-2686, Task 113. June 15, 1979. 30. des Rosiers, P. E. Remedial Measures for Wastes Containing Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and Dibenzofurans (PCDFs): Destruction, Containment, or Process Modification. British Occupational Hygiene Society, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp 57-72, 1983. 31. (Dow Chemical) The Trace Chemistries of Fire - A Source of and Routes for the Entry of Chlorinated Dioxins into the Environment. The Chlorinated Dioxin Task Force, the Michigan Division of Dow Chemical U.S.A. 1978. 32. Dryden, F. E., et al_. (Walk, Hayde, & Associates). Dioxins: Volume III - Assessment of Dioxin-Forming Chemical Processes. (Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Cincinnati, Ohio). EPA-600/2-80-158. June 1980. C-4 33. Duckett, E. J. Dioxins in Perspective: Knowns, Unknowns, Resolving the Issues. Solid Wastes Management. May 1981. pp. 56-57, 88-89. 34. Eiceman, G. A., et_ al_. Variations in Concentrations of Organic Compounds Including Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Fly Ash from a Municipal Incinerator. Analytical Chemistry. Volume 53, 1981. pp. 955-959. 35. Eiceman, G. A., et a K Ultrasonic Extraction of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Other Organic Compounds from Fly Ash from Municipal Incinerators. Analytical Chemistry. Volume 52, 1980. pp. 1492-1496. 36. Eiceman, G. A., et al_. Analysis of Fly Ash from Municipal Incinerators for Trace Organic Compounds. Analytical Chemistry. Volume 51, 1979. pp. 2343-2350. 37. Esposito, M. P., et al_. (PedCo Environmental). Dioxins: Volume I Sources, Exposure, Transport, and Control. (Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio). EPA-600/2-80-156. June 1980. 38. Esposito, M. P. and D. R. Watkins. Airborne Dioxins: The Problem in Review. Paper Presented at the 73rd Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association. Montreal, Quebec. June 22-27, 1980. 39. Fennelly, P. F.#<et al_. Environmental Characterization of Disposal of Waste Oils in Small Combustors. (Draft) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Contract No. 68-02-3168. August 1983. 40. Fishbein, L. Trace Organic Contaminants in the Environmental Chlorinated Dioxins and Dibenzofurans. International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences. Volume 2, 1976. pp. 69-81. 41. Gizzi, F., et al_. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and Poly chlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDF) in Emissions from an Urban Incinerator - 1. Average and Peak Values. Chemosphere. Volume 11, 1982, pp. 577-583. 42. Gross, M. L. et al_. Analysis of Tetrachlorodibenzodioxins and Tetrachlorodibenzofurans in Fly Ash and Bottom Ash. Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, N.E. 43. Haile, C. et jil_ (MRI). Assessment of Emissions of Specific Compounds from a Resource Recovery Municipal Refuse Incineration. (Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances) 1983. C-5 1 44. Haile, C. L., et al_. (MRI) Comprehensive Assessment of the Specific Compounds Present"Tn Combustion Processes. Volume 3, National Survey of Organic Emissions from Coal Fired Utility Boiler Plants, Vol. 1, EPA-560/5-83-006, September 1983. 45. Hall, J. et al_ (GCA Corp.). Evaluation of PCB Destruction Efficiency in an Industrial Boiler. (Prepared for IERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) April 1981. 46. Hall, J. M., et (GCA Corp.). Evaluation of the PCB Thermal Disposal Process in Unit 3 Boiler at Northeast Utilities' Middletown Station. Draft Final Report, (Prepared for Northeast Utilities, Hartford, Connecticut). GCA-TR-81-82-G. 47. Harless, R. L. and R. G. Lewis. Quantitative Determination of 2,3,7,8TCDD Residues by GC/MS. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1982. 48. Harless, R. L. High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Methods of Analysis for Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans. Human and Env. Risks of Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds. Pienum Publishing, 1983. 49. Higgins, G. H. (Systech Corporation) An Evaluation of Trace Organic Emissions from Refuse Thermal Processing Facilities. (Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.) Contract No. 68-01-6071. July 1982. 50. Howes, 0. E., et Determination of Dioxin Levels in Carbon Reactivation Process Effluent Streams. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Contract No. 68-02-3487. 51. Hryhorczuk, D. 0., et al. A Wire Reclamation Incinerator as a Source of Environmental Contamination with Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and Tetrachlorodibenzofurans. Archives of Environmental Health. Volume 36, 1981. pp. 228-234. 52. Hutzinger, 0. (Editor) Chlorinated Dioxin and Related Compounds Impact on the Environment. Pergaman Series on Environmental Science, Vol. 5, 1982. 53. Janssens, J. et a]_ Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Emissions of a Municipal- Incineration Installation. Presented at CEC Physico-Chemical Behaviour of Atmospheric Pollutants, 2nd Symposium, Italy, September 1981. C-6 54. Jansson, B. and 6. Sundstrom. Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) During a Fire Accident in Capacitors Containing Poly chlorinated Biphenyls (PCB). From Pergamon Series on Environmental Science Volume 5 - Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds Impact on the Environment. 1982. pp. 201-208. 55. Jansson, B., et a]_. Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins During Combustion of Chlorophenol Formulations. The Science of the Total Environment. Volume 10, 1978, pp. 209-217. 56. Junk, J. A. and J. J. Richard. Dioxins Not in Effluents from Coal/Refuse Combustion. Chemosphere. Volume 10, 1981. pp. 1237-1241. 57. Karasek, F. W., et al_. Distribution of PCDDs and Other Toxic Compounds Generated on Fly Ash Particulates in Municipal Incinerators. Journal of Chromatography. Volume 239, 1982, pp. 173-180. 58. Karasek, F. W. Dioxins from Garbage: Previously Unknown Source of Toxic Compounds is Being Uncovered Using Advanced Analytical Instrumentation. Canadian Research. September 1980. pp. 50-56. 59. Kayser, R., et_ al_. 2,3,7,8-TCDD - Intermedia Priority Pollutant Guidance Documents. Prepared by the Office of Toxics Integration and the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. July 1982. 60. Kearney, D. C., et jil_. Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the Environment: Sources, Fate, anti Decontamination. Environmental Health Perspectives. Volume 5, 1973. pp. 273-277. 61. Kimble, B. J. Comments on "Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Related Compounds in Incinerator Effluents." Chemosphere. Volume 10, 1981. pp. 243-244. 62. Kimble, B. J. and M. L. Gross. Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Quantitation in Stack-Collected Coal Fly Ash. Science. Volume 207. January 1980. pp. 59-61. 63. Kooke, R., et al_. Extraction Efficiencies of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Polychkirubated Dibenzofurans from Fly Ash. Analytical Chemistry. Volume 53, 1981. pp. 461-463. 64. Kriebel, D. Dioxins: Toxic and Still Troublesome. Environment. Volume 23, Number 1. January/February 1981. pp. 6-13 65. Lahaniatis, E. S., et _al_. On the occurrence of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Fly^sh from Waste Combustion Facilities. Chemosphere. Volume 6, 1977. pp. 11-16. C-7 66. Lamberton, J., et al. The Determination of Polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins in Pentachl oropTienot Wood Treatment Solutions. Journal of the American Industrial Hygiene Association. Volume 40, 1979. pp. 816-822. 67. Lamparski, L. L. et al_. Photolysis of Pentachlorophenol-Treated Wood. Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin Formation. Environmental Science and Technology. Volume 14, No. 2. February 1980. pp. 196-200. 68. Lamparski, L. L. and T. J. Nestrick. Determination of Tetra-, Hexa-, Hepta-, and Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Isomers and Particulate Samples at Parts Per Trillion Levels. Analytical Chemistry. Volume 52, 1980. pp. 2045-2059. 69. Lee, K. W. et ^1_ (Radian Corporation) J. M. Huber PCB Destruction Process TriaT Burn Report. (Prepared for J. M. Huber Corp. Borger, Texas, October 1983. 70. Levin, J. 0. and C. A. Nilsson. Chromatographic Determination of Polychlorinated Phenols, Phenoxyphenols, Dibenzofurans, and Dibenzodioxins in Wood Dust from Worker Environments. Chemosphere. Volume 6, 1977. pp. 443-498. 71. Levin, J, 0., et al. Use of Chlorophenols and Fungicides in Sawmills. Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health. Volume 2, 1976. pp. 71-81. 72. Liberti, A., et _al_. Evaluation of Organochlorine Compounds in the Emissions of Urban Incinerators. From the Pergamon Series on Environ mental Science Volume 3 - Analytical Techniques in Environmental Chemistry. 1980. pp. 157-166. 73. Liberti, A., et al_. 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