Document gaBXRMGpgqzORLnRRKRargNqV

0007--SWP--040510 873 Handbook 0007-SWP--040511 0007-SWP-000123902 0007-SWP--040512 0007-SWP-000123903 : * :,i *C t-. :.V scrupulous parties have used variousother substances, in whole or in part, as a substitute ior Linseed Oil. Some of them have seemed at first to serve the purpose, but none have proved equal to the article they are imitating, and only result in reducing the actual value of the paint; therefore we must accept Linseed Oil-as the chief ivehicle for carrying the "coloring matter" (dry pigment) of the paint, and the only other liquids which should be used in connection with this aire such as- assist in the proper spread ing, drying and hardening, to imnrc constant consistency , or to adapt a sur face erpeciaJlly for subsequent special coats of paint or varnish, and none of ihe oddest liquids should be used tv p-oporh&n: larger or smaller than ate required to cause * in some manner th* complete mixlure 6esi to fulfill (he purpose for which if is- intended. JPi&nents Now as ito the " coloring matter," which we shall from custom term the pigments, meaning itbe dry material be fore uniting=to -1 thb 'liquids.; Their pur pose is to *jgi$*c body or consistency and color to ihe prepared paint, and it is very important" that as far ns possible thore pijfrafcirtis should be used which re main >on hjr -irosiade :to;rwhid3 the paint ds applied as lodgte-po^riblef.unharmed 'bv eiitpOfnaire, .^Sameof tbeprincipal'pig-menis used Isrc cdrbonate of lead, cmde of zinc, oxides of iron (yellow ochre. Venetian Red, umbers, etc.), and several others, of both natural and artificial pro duction . The characteristics of these articles are very imperfectly understood by the public. Unfortunately, works on these subjects have not been published in any great numbers, nor have they been introduced in any of our ordinary schools; and the indiscriminate use of paint pigment has been governed by the mercantile class-only. So it is no wonder that the subject of paint m the scientific and chemical relations of its elements are so little known by the public generally. But times are changing, progress is being made in all directions. Quite a revolu tion has taken place in the last genera tion in 'the knowledge! and- use of the ' material we ate discussing; Many, improvements i have been made Jmprove- stnd are baugmadein paints. The color meals of -a desired paint being decided upon, to select suqhjucaterLate as arc best suited ito the ultjmats;ends and the use of them an such proportions one to the other as -also secures .the desired results, iu where the ^pianufa^tmar or manipulator finds employment W his best skill. The all important element,1 Linseed Oil, which has already.beenrjUtte,fully explained? Beiu^qcys^ted [life-giving element of s'hauid 6c to unite with Ike ailrSveh pigments in such pro- ;ir 7-SWP040513 0007-SWP-000123904 portions as tssili lest withstand the in fluent/ brought to bear upon ike painted surface, and prevent itfront disintegrat ing andperishing, as every one kndivs it will; sooner or later. On a surface in the best possible con- dition it is desired and expected that the pigments and vehicles will remain united so as to wear out together. Now as most smgle pigments are, from their natural equalities, not bcsl suited to ;;)! requirem*rt , jir. .ir.il cap-renet ba Led up lx- ssi"rtih. ,-nd cr.em-al UjuL-rige ci rn.-. ir L r!-.i' n tin w i-ij , . nJ L'f.inp iHi-1 pi/i1 *r`w tK 9 if -e:ve .q c pMr'xjsr Nearly all tie 1***1 lr inerts 'an I, lif'i*' ftdv. an* d -ad Pa1'? f*>r id >u l -). e, th* White Lead ino~'3 : r.ic e ' 1 ;tc lead [E bis Cl jut r*e rvir jthr* <i "H V or <\ vc:'P2 . but then tt I -s^t ai5~ cdvintate n thn requires .c Ot at `to rr,er .. j> ,n :h*r V dc i ojnp uiJher "b,4e jigrrif wj um > oi# 1 .kf idli * J VilCl ^-^1 ar-d-ti-jge ir th\t v-bes used Slot t * a or pr uciiii sirVc. j it* " `he lire* d oil h *r 1 i * fi * jetty *i ?Ul mt i r nnii il cAi.-iicsc'1i . 't"2 12].' 1**,1 | -hr f ril l f I'.f pii-iTl'- .'.ci, 1 ' l> l'lg'11 j t ' s 'I* ' S-lOiTn- .& Or Oil Cl t t i)ln i.. tion of this fact is frequent where exteriors of buildings have been covered with pure while lead paint, when say from a few months to two or three years one may. by rubbing the hand over the surface, find the white powdery lead coining ofl like flour. Almost countless instances of this have come to our notice, where the house owner who had believed that pure White lead was the best paint to use and 5o had taken pains to have it applied, seeing the result, in his ignorance of the real nature of the article has been ready to blame the manufacturer or the painter, believing the paint was not what was -represented. Now we may speak of the merits and ziru -demerits ofanother white pigment,: name ly, oxide of rinc. This in its nature is quite the opposite of lead in the matter of its particles, they having an affinity for each other, joining together and forming. -as it were, an almost impervious^ film, so that even after-the oil has: dried out, if -the -surface wasin good condition the film still remains.' -Another advantage of this pigment is, :in Consequence of the -shape of its particles,-a. given quantity will spread over-a fargreater surface than -other -white `pigments.. Now what are the disadvimtages'.of>kinc ?- The oaly.one `W'\iniportance,'is'-'fe6t` a fault .when the surface on^whith the paint is used is in proper condition; but when''applied to porous'snrfaces after the oil has become 0007--SWP-040514 0007-SWP-000123905 t'' ':J?3 completely dry, heat and cold acting differently on the outside surface and in the structure back of the film of paint something must give way, and naturally the film of paint cracks and peels off in pieces instead of powder, as in the case of: load. The- reader should not con clude from this that all instances of paint peeling off result from the use of zinc. Far from.! it- There arc other -causes. Comparing the two pigments as above, we have fairly illustrated the charac teristics.of other pigments, and yet there are others that have certain merits over either the above, but possessing other faults, or being of undesirahle color, todcrive-benefit from them .they,must be used within certain,.limits, :S0,-that-.the final .result; will bc'a positive,advantage. To./go on further .with illustrations :;of pigment.-.would :carry- us into-a great variety -of color -pigments haydnd the scope- of this - sirticle,,'inasmnci-(a when certain ccdor . are 'demanded- they-must 1>e,urn-si,-'becauhe.to change-theiricharac-le - would ichange -the cndOrt-^-Ager .-the Move quite lengthy eacpUhationjgf-jcavisc and reflect,in the.-component iparts .of paint, mbraKrf.TV ~t>knout:tliit,\tuelJtdxe net overrated the .necessary iftthUligeHee' 'KrfKtredieiehe thesAnciermls tindfrem ike kxesuiedgfjif/sreffiitSein^knr.u^i put then (egaher inrauch^ir&posrtions antditn ftth ateuttmet etkot ihe.-ifdsltf 'jfcjrfie durability dnd,beemty-i>fjb.e,,peimed^sur- S8&& face will he all that is passible in human power to accomplish. There are many reasons why paints Machinery prepared by machinery are better than nr. band paints prepared by hand. made Remember in paint making, as in every other line of business, the world has progressed, :and is progressing. Things have changed ; they have ad vanced ; they have improved. People not so long ago, used to grind Qanfo(s their own corn, spin their own yarn. They used to bum candles and travel by stage coach. They don't now. When a woman spun her own yarn, and ground her own com, she felt she could do this work better than it could be done for her by machinery. She had been doing it so long and had become so accustomed to it, she could not all at once, trust iti to anybody else. It's the. same with paint. Painters Painters have been so long mixing their own paint, in their own way, it's hard for theta to believe it can be dpne as well in any. other-way, . Habit is strong. But improvements pn,,as always make their way. It's the world's * habit to progress--it's the survival of the fittest all the time. ... Prints prepared by machinery are an improvement over paints prepared, by band, and, tSjey-ydJJ-make their dag-- just as sure as die sun rises apji, seta. 0007-SWP-040515 0007-SWP-000123906 Perfect Method A compartsoni muA lead arid Oil HpHE following comparativetabic shows X the dt/tercdcc between thcLead and Oil process s.nd Perfect Method, and gives numbci ol coats and number of days between each: coat of each on bodies- LEAD' AH3> OIL. - PERFECT METHOD. Bodies PrEtnJnc Putty Sana Paper Oil Lead 6 day i dayi J1 4j.. CCmocit BBooddyy FFDillJeerr ;t ddaayy ':.36-. C.1 It V-v. ' .FFiilltleerr >t. ddaayy f * * < .*. Filler a da/ it ILebvac - >dip | lL GiiidOt aCt.ost - - 1* ddaayy i Let Stand ;, ndif h Let Stand : . Ida/' 13. PSaei-dplcorrflCf -olo` r id. Re-pewy ' I'lLijlSdad for Color . iji 1$. 17. llit Color i Clot<Vnnk1k' Hair oC (; day j tUyt ; ,- . rih as. FUt Color it3*rC<5lor Yir&iiV ,44. Hair off tdy 3 days- t. Clew RuWtinj tj|. o*w ^ |i 4 dayi J ;i'ii<j5.||]|CRlfec&arORuutb bing ' 4 days. *0, Fi3lo! '! '1 ty. Finish _ 1 day ixy OperaQQtii ... j day*- Undsp Jfcf,Lead suad.Oil System you will notice *'tfor) half and half. This is_ a.^^^gLhalf>iLcad^and1.-hall Rough Stj U, winches used-by most painters in custom-shops, ^nd'^aVes the place of a coat of .Rough, .Some painters do nerc use a guide-coat; where they not it is.not .necessary to use it with Perfect Method.; jf. it is barely,possible that some painters- will not give sir. days for priming to dry Mn with the Lead and Oil process, but more will give a Longer time. You will notice under No. xa, in the Lead and Oil pro*' cess we say "Rub out, two days'*; where they wish to rush the work they may let it stand only one day after the last coat of Rough Stuff is applied before: rubbing out, bat ofteaer they would let it stand longer. We have endeavored in this table to be as conservative as possible., as to the length of time required to do a first-class job in a custom chop with Lead and iCil -and we have not shortened the time nec essary to do a .first-class job with Perfect Method. It 5s customary in both meth ods On bttstbm'work to give more than one coat of Clear Rubbing for a first-class job, but as'-the time for these coats should be the fiame^ whether Lead; and Oil were used o^erfett Method wc have taken no acGoimtfof . We Tiext^pPesent a comparative table showing lhe difference lictween the Lead and' iOil Jprooissfi `anil Perfect Method, and giving the number of coats and num ber of days between each coat for each, running parts. - V' ' a fob /. vixf , Hex \h< i WmM"- " 0007-SWP--040516 0007-SWP-000123907 .Running parts LEA. AND OIL. PERFECT METHOD. KID. RtllKdMG VAKTS; MO. XVHNIHG JAXTS. ji Primlue 4 *yi *. Priming * day it. Pultjr : day a. Putty or Clauie t day i|.i Sana Pitur ilOil Laid 3 3. Sand Paper day* !. PutlV ' Sana Paper y.\ Dead Lead a day* 4. Gear Filler 1 day Cl : Sandpaper x day; -iiiii Color Varnish * day,, 5. Solid Robbing 1 day : 6. Hair off i:u Clear Rubbing aroays 17. Clear Rubbiug * days. rj<: Rub Down iL Rmb Down Strim? iO. Stripe tfl-Finldi:. s day .ip, Finish 1 day fL'OpenfjcBS iS days ij c (^peratioas ? days. As in the case of the table prepared for body work, we have endeavored to. re duce the numberbfiHays required for tie lead and Oil prqce65.ro the lowest pos sible irait necessary .log !good painting. Several of these opqtations would be given .longer time! ordinarily.. Some of tlem/might be shortened slightly on a. iush, .but we have tried to be as fair as possible. ..The,.table :.| briefly to- Brush,Lead,. wlsipk ii ajij.'with a- IWnsh. JPi.-i'esj ifiieir ii'.ng R>3) Lead, which is fi|r|.!iI uhll a li:-:ls mu! then iiubbed in : iiii i: ei him*!,"might not use both a CO.1.', h i- < )i! 1 r.i ;1 r-id a < oat o Dead lead, but would be ob'iged, in order bn pro-dace. first-class work., to give the Hub Lisad eight lor. ten day. to dry, lim'd die labor of applying 'one coat of Rub lead would hie equal, and probably cost as much, as to apply a coat of Oil f. t2&&dttilxe. Lead and Dead Lead with a brush, and the time would be even longer. We not only save time on each of the undercoats, such as primer and filler, but we save coats, and the labor of ap plying them, which constitutes our sav ing in cost. We do not claim that our Priming costs less than Lead Priming or our Filler u/i.r. less than a coat of Lead; but we do chum that we save coats and labor which causes- a vehicle painted with Perfect Method to cost no more, if as much, as though painted.:with Lead and Oil. Oil Jead is, a Lead containing little Turpentine.,or, Japan,,and while not as ejastic^.an'pil.lriming.is more elastic than the Dead Lead, which is generally madc .from. the keg dead thinned with Turpeptine.anddtjittle Japan to make it dry-:::Cfj.'Mi JJaroish^^us employed in the Lead 'and Oil process;: ft either made frpjn ffilfSfe S^hiWlffi'Wlti Japan Color tiiinnednjdPffSTiiSidti.^i&upcntine which qapses rffgp .feftje^^lgstic. than: Clear iRubbing Varnisi|,^p^spti^ ft is manufact ured by. the Varnish maker from Dry Color and sh, It is not so strong as the'ES hang Varnish and musfjb.pjpi Ltd FlatjColor. iigmentB,e?pecse,*nd*!firrt- PWP^of^aftVSdloriSc^. Rubbjng, fpr 0007'SWP-040517 0007-SWP-000123908 is tougher and more elastic than Color Varnish made from Japan Color or Color Garnish made bp the average Var nish maker. Under Lead and Oil process, No, n means that the Color Varnish is nibbed .with curled hair, or moss, to clean off 3ic,y specks that may appear in the Color Varnish, or on lit; it also roughens the surface* of the Varnish slightly, or rather removes the gloss, and produces a sur face over which the ' Clear Rubbing can be used without; crawling, Under; the Lead and Oil process,- No. rg "cneans that theClcai Rubbing Varnish is rubbed withj pulverized pumice stone and water so as to produce a'perfeetty smooth,surface/** - = ' Perfect Method Gear Filler-53 :grdund o f fine as any Flat Color and r applied with a taoxLclhifr brush." !,|t cdtuJe^ueritly irequirfe-no-sanding.- * 1 br.. KiiEinxhg parts should be sknded with Ntf. o Sand Ptfpcr. i ^GoarferSamtl^aper elite1 toO 'deeply! hid * 'cuts down gather ifcas.'fcfntijbths the suHaefe.''* ' 5 :-',r v Samples, ? ^mpleS ;should ticver'be^iVciiil'ticepi Freesamples ^`OS? o^othelr^lfStimsUindfe fhst feift^oh^WUisc wil 1 lie taiatta fri fthetn fiidaodrUHay, and bn'v mi Cl* ifnl given 'Jo1 TnakeUfie neces sary k h n h or iri.{l,`the'!mattear:3Lo%e :foI- * lowed up by inquiry, whether the sample has been used and with what result. Free offering of samples is hurtful and wasteful of our goods. Complaints regarding matching of special goods may be avoided if samples Samples to sent in conform to the following specifi- match cations. ` Disregard of them adds need lessly to the difficulties of the Manufac turing Department, and materially to the possibility of failure. First: The goods should be taken from bulk, in jthe form in which the goods are, purchased, and should nol be in'the foirm in which they are used, un less used without change. Seconds The-sample! should be of sufficient size to permit of thorough in vestigation, - Never less than one-half pound of paste, or one-haLF pint of liquid gokjds. - Third; Samples should be so plainly and "distinctly labeled as to be easily identified.* ,-. 'FokriK; 'Aj specific [-statement as to how the goods are used; or what is ex pected of; them,, -carefully written out in full, should accompany each sample. r^f,, ; . *.,A11 obds afepilt tfp regularly in sizes of pajikflgiamndioitod/ih ithc :list. Other sires are only:, putniptwhen '.very large 0007-SWP--040518 0007-SWP-000123909 '111, - n " 'Weight of Turpsj TJftited'Sta.tcs Standmd,' 7 - lbs.s to' the galldh;-'-Imperial, Canada, R# lbs.' / *' ' ; I * Site of TJnitcd States^Standird.`gallon, 231 cubic inches. -- : ' < -.* Size of Imperial :*gaUooV 37f -cubic -inches. * ** tvS v? :j * Usual method of mixing Stricdy Pure White `Lead, as dcscnbed;:m National Lead Co/s 1898 circular. 1 oolbs. White Leadin.Oil' Makes 4 lbs. Tinting Color about 5 1 galls. Raw Linseed Oil pint Turpentine > 6% tr. s.' 1 pint Japan As mixed at our 1898 Convention: ioolbs^ White. Leadin Olll , 4 galls. Raw Linseed Oil I , TT o % pint turpentine f -s? .. ' i pint Japan J. K ' 1 gallon of U, S. lead and Oil as ordinarily mixed by painter will cover 225 square feet, two coats. 0007-SWP-000123910