Document gNqMY9byXXb3rm10OBoM6VJQ

LIA10775 i Bm t Lead tnduatriea Aaeocletlon, Inc. lead Health Safety Coaoitta* Lead Hygiene A Safety Bulletin ii - mi mi - mi 1964 1966 1965 - 196* 1967 (Not. 90 - 140) (Noe. 155 - 164) (Noe. 161 - 170) v N279  - LIA10776 L ^e d Hyytfjp + * $D- \H0 r/u fimmw'm -'n h w -I'm liMW<liWJff!g|,y ilf il LIA10777 *1 LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION 4M UUIMtOM tVIMM CCTrTDt^riAL MCW TOM 10. M. V. I r?T V1-.'" T''E'CAIIO ---------- toeber |, 1CI4 i/jo hTH-TM .*> ; iArrr i f 1 i.' . j i- .* ao \ i 1 :< s o t ^'t . rT`i:v!;rs w -rr --*rr r To iUeaber* of the leed lavdurtries aatoelntioni -i Allegations are cften t-ade In the pub', lo prese about Iced and It* toalo effeet on adults or children w.-tleh, to / the leart, appear open to aerloue qveatlCT.lnr, FMcg givrn wideapreed rtroo* lotion they note* unpleasant rolling for the 1 ad producer, cauae our induetri-a serious iuo'9 end, wit of t>.j tine, ree-dlesa alsra to tho publl. *e hro advised ovir r^kbori ocsaslooelly of examples taken fro* tho preaa, onl tho reaulta of our levaettg*.ttons* i 1 In recent year* increasing attention ho boon given to load poisoning In ohl 1 iron, t-mpneels tocstnr froa tho tine, book In 1528 I beliovc, vhon an* doctor rocacnendod tho uto of the X-rwy lr. detecting the preaonoe of leod In tho booet of children. Be i attracted by tho 1 f hypotheaia that became leal .toes Into tho bones la leal poisoning, tho I-ray eovll be uatl to detoot the heavy oatal la bcoce-oertainly a high* ly dealretle short-cut, If true, coopered with laborious laboratory eon- f ir-at ion, Today it la oaaaon tharafore, to find hospitals us l.ng tho . X-ray alnort sxcluc ively aa a dlegr.oatlo tool to detect Wd poisoning In children# for ieveral yeerx . eevar, it haa a-era4 to ae thet the me of the X-ray va open to serious objection and that the r.'s-.br of alleged eaaea cf lead poisoning la children T greatly Out of proportion to e.-y po#-iblo publlo expor-tre. After the appearance of an article la Tecorher 21, 1X3 las'-io of "Tine" o-tltied "feint Cet.rs* 1 doteraiAed to nan c. thorourh investigation of the entire rubjeet with the reault aa indicated on the attache! preltairary re port. i i Alth^ je.h y laves* 1/at Ion hat not tear ccaaplat-d, 1 aa convinced } that er.ea a-eln lead hee racelrel the blanr for nary ei#i of ill-vsi ? which ere r.ot aserlbatle to It. I aa hopeful that, ae a rtsjlt of ey in vestigation and further ork c.ntva,.led, ivv ne'leal profession, itself, will correct the itpresslon which ia r = 1 leap-ead t-,t tho T-ray alone la an aoeurete Hafyieatto tool in leal poisoning # a.-vong ohtldren. It has given a rraat plaaavire ta work with doctor* lh rarloue nedteal olrolea ard hospl'.ata who hove t*n aa da.ply ln'vrst*-j In thle f proMun as ! have. I found th*a all sincere tclantlais ro!y to aod 1 fy tialr *Ui as avlier.eo prov-tt it lr earr^nt a^alailoiva unt.ijtlla. o <xrrT>r. f#nr truly /Ware, iv r tary. I N 279.01 TIME MEDICINE tM Eofart U cWJ W Otm twfcfc* Ua Qwik a* itatnaRA* W b u t ba % br*4 r*.'rf. Ma*t ***-- tbai Ufcr UmrW m U fm Ufi |W^4 *ak k*4 tut aoC *4 ?%nMrt* imLw ih-- cbU!r-- tkk/v4 m Lh i> ,(*hl r.* liari tbrarja< katf pwra *# aiadr*-*.-* a*4 Mhif pfcc**, i fir-- imu * p Sr* ibcr t.T^ oCy ra* % puB (Til* wrk puaL) Jb*4 M nMf ixtan mJi iW m , r--tqwirt W tb# ptete mmb if 1 ili>Vn pcy W atafM^f. Laai m4 . 4b 1o a*4 par--u I--raatf lb* **t -- ' Ir-- -- a/ixlt ta <b# famrmat af W<r af Ck^r. by Dr. taatfalpfc fc--*4/dr lmi * t-- Wit CuMib ; Era-- L--4. f\_a. rtf \ fiM 1^9 C>f fc*4 # hum?b rb-- ' iWn a-- nor* t* Iratf pr--nda tbaft * |j rr< ismt/patiea, pcg?n. rtf ijfrtJU, --era-- djcr^in tfiy--** ad y*4 la iba kwf b--d **4 ib* I f--*- S> aotktrtf tkrt k -- lf>l pmaal J kbi d ?cr*4 ptv'tMafWBJ^ Ira-- aa* . a--i batorv p--jcaUy lf**4 tba etfacts ha iba Bho4 umn tf -- doina, tf ' ab-- it batf ird pai-- aau--. ) AJ Ud --a rbki-i, I> Lord 4k w w <4, *i Kb--4 laihiraa. Oaly I-- bad I--I l Q k. 4*4 W iba tr* rr* -- rt*uc tb-- tkry <04.4 --t k*r* ***>. Mart atf ( tW s<Wf (bi-Vra *-rr* -- kuc*4 (fi). t* la ?4 > *n4 ii USar*4 tb-- Ifc^y a*4 ( --pa-- au*4 **<*a4 (Umm -- -- pr arb--tf r*w*r**y. Oka kUi pr1 ba )val la a-- iba-- buitf, a*4 a-- raj--W ftvm acbaatf tat drarlaf r-- ; '.W 4--ta *4 iba para*> tff WP : pw.i ,n i.'iyy>.'^ii "WJUPPWWWI.'UII * ipp LI A 10779 or -HUD k t 3t z m5 arm s c l l r e i 1*0 40 mir^n uir o ? ims: ^a t ic x cy : - . * !'" >: t . ` `I V Cl* r,. The "Tine" Article Its SaeicTounf*" *1 >> *3 **r On th* c^ab*r fO, 1WJ issue of 'll**,* cn Fa^e *a * artlaX* appeared entitled, "ihltt etera,*1 a copy of which t* attached. -ui of the rrcttsr.r.* ..Iren *o this a listed lorjr*-*'>* 1 iMldtr.ae of -*- poisoning tn children, sr-d the seriousness of ths iapiicatic.'is, an iAKCiate Inrsivl tlee wi aadtruiMt 'V* . v i* - ' ^ .*1^' -'# * /*i* 1 * ta^an by procuring a *0F7 of the Scrws.er, 1S43 issue of xt Uteri can Journal of Blsaaiea of Children" ooetalr.injc the paper by Lr Randolph K Dyers and Elliabeth I. Lord, Fh.B. (deceased) la lotto a, entitled, late iffootj of Load Poisoning cs Asr.tal LwTwlcpxauet," cn whlsh the *?Laa* article ml based, sol studied It carefully* The artlole consists of ? para# and describes the histories of W alleged ea*o of load poisoning In Infancy contrasted by chlldroti chawing paint cn crib* aul toy*, .i oast being invest l-atod In liter year* for after offsets and shewing sub*neraal aontnl dovelcfsaar.t la tha childrens Aay one ucfutlllnr with lend poisoning would be greatly iaproasod with the poertneo of the artlelc, Is fact, proetigo and outhorltatlrcnoe* wo* glroa It as the Ajeorleen hod I eel Assleotlcn nedv 1% the 1 jed Ing article la tho Bor- oaber lftuo of tho '^*rloun Journal af Dlioasci of Children#* Crltlcl i of article The papar of Byers and Lord l*t however, epeo ta *rlent eritioisa ca sany Important points, both free theceonoaiet of the sltuatloa and the adloal aspects, at foll^at (1) Sowharw deaa any analysis appear of the paint ar toy* alleged to hare o*-i the load polscnlc; casts dtserlbad tad yet IMi is aaslar ta 4a thaa .i<o l 1o 1 analysts of blolopical net-wial for lead* (Sen* years ago cur Assoelotion gordueted an Industrial Surrey ta ascertain .irvet.-.sr or nut orlb .-txaufj* U.r*rt r# uslr.^ ny lead paint cn thslr serf'-nd 1 *, and, ts wat to be sspeeted, rotolvod on alto^st.-.er negative r per.aa* Pnlct* used nowadays by orlb aanufasturart are yrtetrily copaeade4 wlt-i lna culd*, titu:.l<sa or lltlvpor.s, t/^of ` ~ 'l b t`..-, * r,.* ; 'r to us tvr.r. li, In addition, the ehaoau* or af.y .*,>.! -iwiUi wiTw 1 Ja4 arii r- - a* i,ee-dlylr.g t.vuaols of 4 tiro udiu, libhep-ji.o or tltaniia boso nro gonor illy u*ed la f'Jl-nl tnra point*) (f) Ro laboratory aonfiraatlon of any lead oasa It givan at ae tluod aul,< tr -riot analysts cf th* children for lead wr* rada* < (5) fororal of tha oastl are tenfllctlog In the evaluation of the Bedleal trldsnoa givaas N 279.03 SWp-Wr mmvammmmmm LI A10780 line Kmr * ij-rerr E'.xirriH S3. -13 8 (4) The X-ray v*i used In all cates and wherever it alwwred a dense band at the grcwir.g edgea cf the lo.-.g tenet the eaaa mi diagj.eied aa load polsonl-gi la fast, the X-ray li given primary and alaaoet sole consideration la practically every .`lead* eaaa deaarited. fbt C. I. Publto Health Jervtoe findings It <0 happens that tha work cf r. Fairhtll of tha tTi I.'Publlo * Health Serrtoe, desnriitd, In Publle Hoalth Eepert So. *, Tola M, February iZ, 1541, entitled, *1'.er.tlfleatlon of It*ad in Eena Ileayo,* hee shown that tho X-ray ia wrtMan aa a ditrr.ottia tcci to detsrlciln# v* pratetaco of lead In tho tonal primarily teqauao the amount of lead ami eh lc taken up by tho bor.oa la the human body ia too ana 11 to bo di tooted by. tho X-ray* Again thl a night to cunooted. The hveren body can not to lorn to lnrge amounta cf lend in tho blood and if tha donao bands shown by tho X-ray1, cliogod to bo lend, are lx.*, then the poor children naat hero rrasa of lend In their banco, whieh ia absurd, aa at moat the at of louTVcTid bo in fractional hilllgrapa per gr_a cf bano* For nor.y yuara (ilneo 12T3) nod 1 or. 1 B. tern turn he 1 or.rriod rtfereneoo to tho ui< cf thj X-r.;y in dutcmining the proaonoo of lend poiaonl&g la ohilirsn, it being anlataiaod trr.t w.-u-a tha X-ray diaolctod dcaao benda around tho extremities of tho long bonoa, aa shewn in tho din&rua bolcm, thcao donao arena wore lend* ' * . ` " 1**4"/m* Z/' f/yjtrr* 6c/ir' Wn'.t "j r+s ' Aa important croup of doe ten today firmly bollero tho X-ruy finding! to be corn lull t o ooaplto tee fact that the dai.ao wide bond it known to bo glvuu by pheapheroue, titanium, otlelua and probably other oleaenta* And, to tottplicato tho situation further, the to-erllod *lxd liao* la known to occur in rlee^ti, a eomca -llnunt in ohlldron, It wo not, however, until tho reoort work cf r. r-.lrrull, r-forred to ctova, that doubt wna oc.it upon tho value of tho X-ray aa tho aelo dicjcottio Vool la land oaaoe among growing chi 1 dron. *. C*>'oat) tr.i to fr. Thirh'll'a' Cor.elullena /iteeuie ir, fairhali'a work wwa dots on dogs, ita ralue la diaeounted by ona X-rwy icn.el which clai.ua teat tha phinocaer-a t.nay describe cnly ooeurt in growing ohildren. Inasmuch aa Ir, Falrhell1# orh * I net dene on growing dora they altera It wee not ennalusi ve| That it where the o-n'roerty reatf today. My feeling, from rather careful readieg of all the literature on the aubjiot, inclines me to believe that even if the growth ftotor la eon- 'WMaJjups1wyyyiwri **.** pww -mw * LIA10781 - Ua o Kraus* i o a t h i ivura so. i$ *j- idr*4 It irlil hor* r.a *ffet on titering Dr, ocneluten* lr Falrhali p-'lnti v.T that ll.i d*n* trade* li procably eau.ad 1/ calolun Bad not by l*ad * - , * , 1 > '* * '' i Inttrri e* wi th Dr. Byer* k t Kim th* kind !lt*'.o* *f Dr# Aub of tho Harvard H od t4*1 Sehcolj I X 1*4 a frank tod friendly dlatuatlon with It , Sywr* and 11*. Crothara of tit* Children'* .-;\tl In button about hi* paper. Aa * rrjlt I fool that nay r futur* Urrotti^atlcs of allogwi lead poiionlag on*** la th* Children'* Kepl- f tal, or any tn*r heapltal la o*tn, will be acr* thoroughly dan* and that t-.oro *111 b* Vxl centImr.ttan of tha *xpouro, If m.y, u:.J alto laboratory . *orf iraaticn of th* oxlttor.:# of lead* 1 polattd cut to Vr, Eyora that cur- rant iaodica.1 pruett*# l&iiioj-i to th* view l i.i It rn* ataoiuioly uctlKry to hey* laboratory oonf1 rsa ti ca, *hifiy through urln* amlyxe# and blood xaal2stlca tlaad contest ira bo*;p.MU* arsrtjattoa tc*t) to ceocr.atmt# th# protege* of loci la h_noa yton I found t re. t Dr, cyvrt wo* not dior* Of Lr. folrScil'a iqrettijrntioa ca tho X-ray a* a dla^et'.io teal la load poltorinj cut* sad.h# deplored th# notoriety that had toon rlrea hi* papr k Or* Byur* ~r-t deeply latcruttod la ay ebaorruiloa# and 1* arjtlout to laTeti- \ (atothlo oubjoet further to ascertain th* truth* .* My ocaolutlea, aftar ocnaultlsg rarlou* oxpirt# la !o*toa, Bathlagto* and Ciaoln.-j.tl, i* that, vhll* thr* my h*r toon *cco load pollening aaoag children la Bui tor.. It hot noror toon conclusively preroa and, that tho ct* mdo out by Dr* Eyoro and Lord that tr.oro l* o connection bot\ rct*.rf*4 nantal deewlcptoent la lotor ywart and lead po 11or.la.; ltiolf, i* far frc f proTon, A# It 4 Aub told a# ha folt tat oMliroo who ho t o eut-nomel appo* tit**, or th* dlooo** kaeva "ploo* which ca.tod that to ohm on laodlbl* .artlcloi, wars *ub-acm*l to tart *1 thl > lirrootlrotlea of John# S*oJtin* X-ray Studio# " ' - '* In th# oourt# of ay lnroitlgatloa I found It *** nocotiary to rorlM th# ll*.#ratur# oror naovy-or* oa th# *ufc ' m t of X-ray *hodo<#* la th# boo## cf ohlldroa. Tr. Iyori la I-oaton bad roforrod a# to th# work at John# Hopkina aa tola# taolo in th.# fl#id. I, thorofuro, read susorctu pap*r# oa th* tubJ*ot and diaoororod that only ooo cf th*a proa#nt*d any anaiytioal rrldon** that th* (C-oaliol *>hauci*' in th* boo# 1* actually du* to tno proiooo* of larr* aruojet* of load itiolf. /J few ehlldroc allowed to b* load oo* died opt autopty fer oorroboratiT* erldoaoe ai rare* Thl* #-. th* fjndaivmtal dlffloulty whleh Dr. Jhrk * mi other* rad Into whan thoy wrote thoir artlole, "J-Jay Shndow* in Crorring Loa* Produced by Leod t Tholr CiKraotoriitlc*, Ciu*e, A nr. tool col Counl*r;<irt In th* Pott# and tlfforoutlatlco* on la;crViOt ptpjr which r.p;r.rud la tho Xuu*t, 19JJ lttuo of th "dourml ef Pod in trio*.* Thl* popar lw> boon t .*1 derod a highly r.uthorlV.tlTJ Xr tlo *tu.)y cf tho rubjoet r.r>l 1* U lci-.r, Th* cnly aacl/tlrol oriduao* 1 oonld find in it oppoor* on ^t.g* J)h cf thu Jen rat l atul ro>.d* n* follow*. * *Th l-4 1* *> ohlof rn-l prcv'>'1 u *"* c!d"*.!tl 9v:j^ , of th* *r.\dr*r, If tho or#.iyl of Auk la Vurt1* e t, r.rvd tho hrclyeo# t! la toff*y'i r hr.d fur other*. ' Vuft'* c** A':b found that In th* doino area* at th* .rvl* uf th* lor.o* th# loaf p*r rra,a of bone *a* ai.i tr,* oalelua 0,114 gran#! Th* ratio of 1**4 to oalalua t 1 ni-<WWme I'WCt <> * 'I!.W|>I LIA10782 ms HToin-" i c*.?rrr Er_inn ;iv V3 , 4 v ii r**.*r ta*o i to li In * 1 jns of dryMai Ulna frca th# d*n* ton* yi*ldd Q' trtm of 1m4* V -p It eo happen* that the anlyelt r-oted by Cf7 fe'rVee heflnj been'** Hid* by A-b m fortunately dene at.'.Urrerd, *r.ere our cell oil reeereh h* fceen centered for stay year*., lo&ordingly, It e* ecty for a* to cheek the i aaalyee* quoted# -. Important t>ror Dliolooed .;' '- * ' i ! dl*opYra<l, te ay pwt eurprt*e, that Cr. Perk end hit aa too latee had nod* as attn-ailr-g errcr. T.~.y had rlaouctud Cr. Act1. analyc .^1 tha dealgnatlcn C.S1T grasa laatoac of a; 1. i,-rvr.. Is. o'r.tr o r-i* , they repcrtod l.vvv tlc.e a. euoh lead ia the t-u* .radoe thaa Actually occur* rodl ! alto eh-ecked the ether reference, that cf Dr. Ceffoy, end fouAd .that c iiallar errer had bass rado, that lacteal of C.T rtac of lead it< should hove bcca C.7 nl 111 gram, a aether error of About ipOO tlao* the correct aaoust* the ocaoluelcQ, therefore, of Dr* Perk -id.hi* AAtoelatoi ot to the ratio of Iced to oalolus la* cf course, Incorrect* , > Doaflrrcation frea X-ray ISanufaoturcr - ,*. 1 then felt that ay lnreetlgatlca had reeolred Itself Into a staple eaglaserlng prcblwa, naaely, .oca the X-ray detcot, by t differential shadow, the prt.enoe of uvoo grans cf lead iper graa of dry bcnel Is other eord*, If ve hare taro cc.-graa places of bone to exaaine, cot coopletely leed-free aod the other containing *<XX>5 (iv.i of lead diffused throughout, er>uli the X-ray plate *hc a difference la the two ifcaV.-iiT ~ I took thle problaa to a specialist la the X-ry Capartaant of the General Electric Cuapaay aad he aasured ne that they had difficulty enough* ee It n<, to preiues X-ray shadows and that thair technique had not bees aufflciently d* re loped to detect such extreaaly alou'.e difference# 1a the lead contest of the bonece After completing thle Investigation I thca arranged to call oa 0re Park at John* Hopkltt, wr.ere 1 was court*ouly r.talrod. It , Park'* work haa gone unquestioned fer aaay yeare but ha eeinowlodggd the error and he wee eorry that it had occurred. He pr cml sed to sake a correction In a future article* , * I called Dr. Park's attention to ny ayetlflnatloa la accounting for the -air.y r,us of leal poisoning allogei to hare oc:urr*>d In tha F*ltlore area freh cf.lilrcn chrwlnr, paint off crlbe ard toy*, particularly ae knew that 1 cal a r-->t uoJ for that p.rpceo, aithcrugh it protebly wnuld bo uacd oa the oraterlor of ho*m, I orprotod turprlie that r.'*cf th taff of the Hospital had tor takun tha tro,*h)o a*\*ly*e tb- pnlnt m top-* cr orlba to a*o rum -!.cthor or r.ot load aae proiont. fr. Perk eald ho would do eo 14 tho f.ture, or eend a taaple te ua. for aaolytla ms* "^WLgMitfOi---- LlA10783 LEAD nYOISSS b WETT F-UDuTIX SO. 40 6- 1 Dr* Park, hcw*r, j MU facia that r#n If lead itself any cot be present la the o-*lled lc anouate sufflclar.tly great to be that lead poleoned chilirw. #?w 'ha nanlfastatlon of a shadow to that It cay b# aoaatlaa yet before <aa eauieal authorltlea abandon th* X-ray altogether la diagnoalng load poltooirg aacng children* Incidentally, Dr* fairhall haa aada son* exporlaenti la actually landtag bcoa atructurei of doji to ahow that even htchly leaded bona will not produoa an 2-ray ihadcw dlat'.r.r.:lthabia frcca coa-lcaod tor.*, This work la dasorlbod la Dr* Falrhali'a bulletin previcutly seaotioaed* X bar* alao laterrlewed Dr* Cowglll of the Tala kedlool School, who ha* den# a lot of work oa lead* Ha ho* la*a unable to ooefira th# "land* shadow phenomenon la bona*. /Lac 1 vt 1 a 1 Cork ca flood drjdno 11 w.for Load Dr. Park daicrlbad to am tcae of tha laadad cate* among children* Cna caia I rmaLibcr particularly because tha child had b-**r. alleged to hare 1 cad la tha blood but train't excreting it la tha urlna - which alao IHai etrenge to at* X* o wattar of faat, tha aaalytleal work being dona la Btltloore oa blood la aaothar iub>ot which 1 am currently lrrroatig*ting at hra, toe* X caa not raaonclla mu of tha local finding! with knowledge of the pee*lbllltl ca of u adequate land oxyorure to provide for either load absorption or lend poisoning In chlldron* 1 Conclusion This Investigation has net boon concluded, but to Into cotnrlneot saa that or.oo again load haa t-oeo unfairly attacked In tho public proaa* (tore work will h.-.rc to bo done, and I think thould bo dcoo* to provido a oonploto answer to tho questionable prcrr.1 aaoo of load poisoning in ohlldrcn# This lntroitigatlon thews that tho nodical profession pottotsot a mental picture of pulnt that it far fren reeurate* 1 foxr they b.llwc that all point oontuln* load whtroos wo Vr.oo that It far from correct* Tory truly yours* 1 Seor clary*