Document gNKr73nZXw874Y0XZxD36JOe

1088 CHAPTER 47 . 1956 Guide REFERENCES 1 Drying, by W. R. Marshall, Jr. and S. J. Friedman, Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 3rd Edition, 1950. Indicated material supplied by W. R. Marshall, Jr. and S. J. Friedman, authors of the Section on Drying in the Third Edition of the Chemical'Engineers' Handbook. Permis sion to use this material has been kindly granted to The Guide by the Editor, John H. Perry, and by McGraw-Hill Book Company, publishers of the Chemical En*gTinheeerDs'ryHinangdobfoFooko.ds, by W. R. Marshall, Jr. (Heating, Piping and Air Condition ing, September to December, 1942, and November and December, 1943). ' Drying Materials in Trays, by C. B. Shepherd, C. Hadlock and R. C. Brewer (In*dDusrytriniagl aonfdSEonlidgsinebeyrinTghrCouhgemh-iCstirryc,uAlaptiroiln,, 1b9y38W). . R. Marshall, Jr. and O. A. Hougen (Transactions, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1942). `Heat, Mass and Momentum Transfer in the Flow of Gases through Granular Solids, by B W. Gamson, G. Thodos and O. A. Hougen (Transactions, American Ins*tiMtuatsesoTfrCanhesmfeircainl EthneginFeloewrs,o1f9G43a)s.es through Granular Solids Extended to Low Modified Reynolds Numbers, by C. R. Wilke and O. A. Hougen (Transactions, Ameri can1 LInimstiittautteio,nosf CofheDmififcuaslioEnngEinqeueartsio, Tns94in5)D. rying, by O. A. Hougen, H:. J. McCauley and W. R. Marshall (Transactions, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1940). `What the Air Conditioning Engineer Should Know About Drying (Heating and Ve'n'StilpartainygD, Dryeincegm, bbeyr,B1e9n42B).. Fogler and Robert V. Kleinschmidt (Industrial and Eng10inAeneIrnintgroCduhecmtioisntrtyo, CDoencevemcbtieorn, D19r3y8in).g and Drying Calculations, by V. P. Victor (Heating and Ventilating, Vol. 41, Dec. 1944, p. 67). BIBLIOGRAPHY The Temperature of Evaporation, by W. H. Carrier (A.S.H.VJE. Transactions, Vol. 24,1918, p. 25). Thermodynamic Properties of Moist Air, by John A. Gofi and 8. Gratch (A.S.B.V.E. Transactions, VolF. a5c1t,o1r9e4I5n, fplu.e1n2c5)in. g the Performance of Rotary Dryere, by C. F. Prutton and C. O. Miller (Transactions. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Part 1, February, 1942; Part 2, August, 1942).* Drying of Solids by Through Circulation, by W. R. Marshall and O. A. Hougen (Transactions, American InsFtitauctteorosf CThheamt iIcnaflluEenngcineeDerrsy,e1r94P2e).rformance, by A. Weisselberg (Chemical and MetaUurgicdl Engineering, AugTuyspt,ic1a9l32D).ryer Calculations, by O. A. Hougen (Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, January and MarScyhm, 1p9o4s0iu).m on Drying, Articles by W. K. Lewis, W. H. Carrier, A. E. Stacey, Jr., R. S. Fleming, R. G Metz, G. B, Ridley, C. 0. Lavett, D. J. Van Marie (Industrial and Engineering, Chemistry, May, 1921, pp. 427S-4t6u0d)i.es in Rotary Drying, 2 and II,: by S. J. Friedman and W. R. Marshall, Jr. (Cfiemical Engineering ProgPSrryeimsnscp,ipo1l9se4ius9m)o. foDn rDyrinygingLu(mInbdeurstarinadl aHndumEnidgiintyeeDriinaggrCahme,mbisytryH, .19D3.8)T. iemann (Forest Service Bulletin, 104, 191T2)h. e Drying of Solids, by T. K. Sherwood (Bulletin, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Noa. 237, 247, andR2a5d8i)a. nt Energy Drying with Heat Lamps, by T. P. Brown (Metal Industry, Vol. 07. Dec. 1939, p. 607). Drying by Sublimation, by E. W. Flosdorf (Food Industry, Vol. 17, Jan. 1945, p. 607). Evaporative Drying System, by F. H. Slade (Food Manufacturing, Vol. 18, Much, 1943, p. 70). High Frequency Methods in Gluing and Drying Wood, by I. R. Berkness (Wood Products, Vol. 45, 1940, p. 1D2e).velopment of the Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering: Drying, by T. K. Sherwood (Chemical < MTehtealSluprgraicyaDl Ernygeirn--eeItrsinPg,oVssoibl.il4it2ie, sp.in21I4n)d. ustry, by D. W. Biocheno (Food Manufacturing, Vol. 19, June, 1944M. epc.h1a9n5i)s. m and Rate of Drying by Near-infra-red Radiation, by L. E. Stout, K. J. Caplan and W. G BaiSrdom(TeraEnsnagcintieonesrinAgmePrricoabnleminsstitouftethoef ChNeemwicaVl eEgnegtianbeleers,DVeohly. d41ra,1ti9o4n5, pIn.d2u83s)t.ry, by W. B. Van Arsdel (A.SEl.eHc.tVro.En.icTDreahnsydacrattiioonnso, fVFool.o4d9s,, 1b9y43V, p. .W4.9)S. herman (Electronics, Vol. 17, 1944, p. 94). Air Conditioning and Engineering, American Blower Co., 3935. EDlreyminegntisnoIfnCduhsemtriiaclaPl Elanngtisn,eJe.rOing. ,RbosysBCaodmgepraannyd. McCabe (McGraw-Hill Co., 1931). . .. Fan Engineering, Buffalo Forge Co. Die Trockentechnik, by M. Hirsch (Julius Springer, Berlin, 1932). Drying (Kent's Mechanical Engineers Handbook). Prying, by W. H. Carrier (Mark's Mechanical Engineers Handbook). Kiln Drying of Lumber, by A. Koehler and R. Thelen.'New York, 1926. Kiln Drying of Lumber, by H. D. Tiemann (Lippincott, 1920)................. CHAPTER 48 TRANSPORTATION AIR CONDITIONING Railway Passenger Car Air Conditioning; Streetcar and Trolley Coach Heating and Ventilating; Passenger Bus Air-Conditioning; Automobile Air Conditioning; Aircraft Air Conditioning; Ship Air Conditioning, Heating and Venti lating, Air Conditioned Space Treatment, Systems and Controls THE principles of air conditioning applying to stores, restaurants, hos pitals, theaters, and homes are applicable to railway passenger cars, passenger buses, automobiles, streetcars, trolley coaches, airplanes and ships. However,- equipment used for mobile applications differs from that used for stationary purposes in that it must meet additional requirements. Equipment must be compact, accessible for quick inspection and servicing, light-weight and unaffected by vibration and impact. Freedom from vi bration which could be transmitted to supporting vehicle and thus to pas sengers, is essential. RAILWAY PASSENGER CAR AIR CONDITIONING The railway passenger car represents a very difficult air conditioning problem. Space is strictly limited so that all equipment and ducts must be reduced to minimum size. Electric power ' supply and water supply also are limited. All equipment must withstand severe vibration and shock, and must be very, reliable since servicing points are frequently far apart. During the heating season it is necessary to heat conventional cars with steam from the locomotive at pressures that may vary from 250 psig to only 5 or 10 psig bn the last car in long trains. Passengers in window seats must sit only a few inches from cold outside walls and windows, and must also be very close to standing radiation installed along sides of cars. Sud den changes in load may be caused by changes in sun, wind, or train move ment. Even in coldest weather, outside doors must be opened frequently. During the cooling season, the problem is further complicated by a high concentrated internal load due to the passengers. Also, air distribution problems are increased by low ceilings and short air throws. Heating The heating of passenger cars is accomplished by using a split system consisting of an overhead air circulating system with heating and cooling coils, and standing radiation (floor heat) along car sides. The floor heaters, which usually consist of finned :.tubing, may be made more efficient by using covers designed to increase gravity air circulation, and to direct the warm air from finned heating surface along'cold outside walls and car windows. In some new cars, wall convector panels are used and extend the full length of the car, with air intakes along the floor and outlets at win dow sill height and at window head height in dead-light panels. The heated panel protects passengers from cold.outside walls, and the chimney effect of the panel duct increases air flow and improves heating surface efficiency. Floor heat is supplied by introducing steam into an inner tube within a finned tube or by means of a separate steam-to-liquid heat exchanger. 1089