Document gEyDqLNkjqEMOJJJ9eyroaVM9

TLVs Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances in the Work Environm nt Adopted by ACGIH with Int nd d Chang s f r 1987-88 OLI 3677 1986-87 CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES TLV COMMITTEE Ernest Mastromatteo. M.D., University 01 Toronto -- Chair James R Crawl. CIH. US Navy 0 Dwight Culver. M.D., University of Califorma-lrvine James W. Hammond. CIH. University of Texas John L.S- Hicky. Ph D.. University of Nonh Carolina Trent R. Lewis. Ph D , NIOSH Jesse Lieberman, PE. US Navy Frederick T. McDermott. CIH-Deceased 1986 Waiter W. Melvin. Jr.. M.D.. Sc D.. Colorado State University Mary K. Murphy. OSHA Leonard D Pagnotto. CIH, Massachusetts Dept of Labor and Industry Ronald S Ratney Ph.O.. CfH, OSHA Meier Schneider. PE. CIH. Metropolitan Water District Of Soutnem California Robert Spinas. Dr. PH. National Cancer Institute Vera F. Thomas. Ph D.. University of Miam. William D. Wagner NIOSH Margie E Zalesak. USDLA'SHA CONSULTANTS Gerald L, Kennedy. Jr. Georg Kimmene. M.D., German MAK Comm sson u.a son William S. Lamhan. M D. George Roush. Jr . M.D. Raghubir Sharma. Ph D.. CIH Marshall Sternberg. Ph.D Theodore R. Torkelson. Sc.D Ralph C Wands Elizabeth K. Weisburger. Ph D . Correspond ng _.a son Richard A. Youngstrom, CIH. CSP Mitchell R. Zavon. M D. 2 3 & INTRODUCTION TO THE CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Threshold limii values refer to airborne concentrations of sub stances and represent conditions under which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed day after day without adverse ettect. Because of wide variation in individual suscepti bility. however, a small percentage of workers may experience dis comfort from some substances at concentrations at or below the threshold limit: a smaller percentage may be affected more seriously by aggravation of a pre-existing condition or by develop ment of an occupational illness. Smoking of tobacco may act syr ergistically with airborne chemicals encountered in the workpiece, e g . asbestos Individuals may also be hypersuseeptible or otherwise unusu ally responsive to some industrial chemicals because of genetic lectors age. personal habits (smoking, other drugs), medication, or previous exposures Such workers may not be adequately pro tected from adverse health effects from certain chemicals at con centrations at or below the threshold limits. An occupational physician should evaluate the extent to which such workers re quire additional protection. Threshold limits are based on the best available information from industrial experience, from experimental human and animal studies, and. when possible, from a combination of the three. The basis on which the values are established may differ from sub stance to substance; protection against impairment of health may be a guiding factor for some, whereas reasonable freedom horn irritation, narcosis, nuisance or other forms of stress may form the basis tor others. The amount and nature Of the information available for establishing a TLV varies from substance to substance; conse quently. the precision of the estimated TLV is also subject to vari ation and the latest Documentation should be consulted In order. to assess the extent of the data available for a given substance. These Hmlts are intended for use in the practice of indus trial hygiene as guidelines or recommendations in the control of potential health hazards and for no other use, e.g., In the evaluation or control of community air pollution nuisances, In estimating the toxic potential of continuous, uninterrupted ex posures orother extended work periods, as proof or disproof of sn existing disease or physical condition, or adoption by countries whose working conditions differ from those in the Uwvnmietwerads Statesa#ovt Armrwa* *rvic^sa annrdwwea mhtct substancatmanadi 0n01rwa^ooaea^astea differ. These limits am not fine lines between safe end dan gerous concentration nor are they a relative index of toxicity, end should not be used by anyone untrained in the discipline of Industrial hygiene. The Threshold Limit Values, as issued by ACGIH, are recom mendations and should be used as guidelines for good practices. Example B.l: Air contains 0.t5 mgftn' of lead fTLV. 0.1S) and 0.7 mg/m' of sulfuric acid (TLV, I). 0 IS . i 0.15 0-7 0.7 I Threshold limit is not ex C. TLV tor mixtures ot miners! dusts. For mixtures of biologically active mineral dusts the general formula for mixtures given in A.2 may be used. APPENDIX 0 Some Nuisance Particulates1* TLV-TWA, 10 mg/m**1 -Alumina (At}Oj) Calcium carbonate Calcium silicate Calcium sulfate Cellulose (paper fiber) Emery Glycerin mist Gypsum Kaolin Limestone Magnesite Marble Mineral wool f<ber Pentaerythritoi Plaster of Paris Portland cement Rouge Silicon Silicon carbide Starch Stearates Sucrose Titanium dioxide Vegetable oil mists (except castor oil. cashew nut or similar irritant oils) JZinc stearate Zinc oxide dust (e) the fPut is tor uui oust containing no asbestos and < ito crytaane tika (n) As definad in the introduction t See Nonce of Intended Changes. APPENDIX E Some Simple Asphyxiants* Acetylene Argon Ethane Ethylene Helium Hydrogen <n) A* defined to * Mioduchon. Methane Neon Propane Propylene 46 APPENDIX F Particle Size-Selective Sampling Criteria tor Airborne Particulate Matter For chemical substances present <n inhaled air as suspen sions of solid particles or droplets, the potential hazard depends on particle size as wen as mass concentration because of; 1) effects of particle size on deposition site within the respiratory tract, and 2) the tendency for many occupational diseases to be associated with material deposited in particular regions of the respiratory tract. ACGIH has recommended particle size-selective TLVs fix crys talline silica for many years in recognition ol the well established association between silicosis and respirable mass concentrations It now has embarked on a re-examination of other chemical sub stances encountered m particulate form in occupational environ ments with the objective of defining 1) the sizefraction most ctaaely associated for each substance with the health effect of concern, and 2) the mass concentration within that size fraction which should represent the TLV. k The Particle Size-Selective TLVs (PSS-TLVs) wil be expressed in three forms, e g.. a. Inspireble Parncutote Mess TLVs (IPM-TLVsi for those materials which are hazardous when deposited anywhere In the respira tory tract. b. Thoracic Particulate Mass TL Vs (TPM-TLVs) lot those materials which are hazardous when deposited anywhere within the lung airways andjhe gas-exchange region. e. Respirable 0ticulate Mess TLVs (RPU-TLVsj lor those mate rials which are hazardous when deposited ir the gas-exchange region. The three particulate mass fractions described above are defined in quantitative terms as follows: a. Inspirabie Particulate Mass consists of those particles that are captured according to the flowing collection efficiency regard less of sampler orientation with respect to wind direction: E - 50(1 -k exp(-0.06 d,]) 10: for 0 <d,<E 100 pm Collection characteristics for d,>l00 pm ere presently unknown. E is collection efficiency in percent end d, it aero dynamic diameter in pm. b. Thoracic Particulate Mass eoneistsol those pedicles the* penetrate separator whose size collection efficiency * described by s cumulative lognormal function with median aerodynamic diameter of 10 pm 1.0 pm and with a geometric ttandard deviation of 1.5 (0.1). c. Respirable Particulate Mass consists ot those particles that penetrate a separator whose size collection efficiency is 47 described by a cumulative lognormal function with a median aerodynamic diameter of 3.5 |im 03 *m and with a geometric standard deviation of 1-5 (0.1) This incorporates and clanTies the previous ACGIH Respirable Dust Sampling Critena These definitions provide a range of acceptable performance fot each type of size-selective sampler. Further information is availa ble on the background and performance criteria for these particle size-selective sampling recommendations.'1' Msimcm 1. ACGIH. Pirace Sat-SHecM Smutting n me Won&ta SO gg Cincinnati Ota 11984) APPENDIX G Chemical Substances and Other Issues Under Study Information, data especially, and comments are solicited to assist the Committee in its deliberations and in the pos sible development of draft documents. Draft documen tations are used by the Committee to decide what action, if any, to recommend on a given question. Gbandcaf SuAstMcas Acetomethylchloride Acetophenone Acids and bases Adiponitrile Allyi chloride Bentonite Benzyl acetate Borax and boron compounds Bromochloromethane Bromodichioromethane Bromoform 2-t-Butytozo-2-hydroxy-5- mefhythexane Carbon monoxide Ceramic fibers Chromium Dibutyl phenyl phosphate Dichlorodiphenyl aulfone Dichforocydcpentadiene 3,4-0 (2,4-Otehiorophenoxy acetic add) 1,3-Dichloroprapene Dichlorvos Diglycidyl resorcinol ether Dinitrotoluene Diphenyl carbonate Eprchlorohydrin 2-Ethyl hexanoic acid Formaldehyde Gasoline (unleaded) Graphite fibers Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Hexamethylene diamine Hydrazines Jet, petroleum and diesel fuels Inorganic acids Inorganic gases Inorganic lead Malathion Methyl bromide Methylene diamine 4,4'-Methylene dianiline Methyl hydrazines Mineral wool fibers Naied Mitromethane pentachlorophenoi perchloroethylene Persuffates Petroleum solvents o-Pnenylenediamine propylene bichloride Terephthalic acid 1,1,1.2-Tetrachloro2.2-difluoroethane 1.1.2,2-Tetrachloro- ' .2-difluoroethane 1,1,2.2-Tetrachloroethane Tobacco smoke Trichloroethylene Vinyl cyclohexene Outer Issues t. Solubility. 2. Dusts and fumes. 3. Should the TLVs currently expressed as "total dust" be changed to "inspirable paniculate mass." as defined in Ap pendix F without changing the numerical value? 4. Application of TLVs to altered work schedules.