Document gE8w6ZnZkdqJb3OQ45OyGO0Z3

APPENDIX A U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION Title 29 CFR Part 1910.1001 (Plus Amendment, November 4, 1983) ASBESTOS (OSHA Standard) * DE 000249 OSHA 1910.1001 - ASBESTOS (a) Definitions For the purpose of this section. (1) "Asbestos" includes* chrysntile, onthophyllite, and octinolite. crocidolite, tremolite, (2) "Asbestos fibers" means asbestos fibers longer thon_Lmicrometers. (b) PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE TO AIRBORNE CONCENTRATIONS OF ASBESTOS FIBERS (1) Standard effective July 7, 1972. The 8-hour, time-weighted average airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be-, exposed shall not exceed five fibers, longer than 5 micrometers,'per cubic centimeter of air, as determined by the method prescribed in paragraph (e) of this section. (2) Standard effective July I, 1976. The 8-hour, time-weighted averoge airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed two fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air, as determined by the method prescribed in parograph (e) of this section. (3) Ceiling concentration. No employee shall be exposed at any time to airborne concentration of asbestos fibers in excess of 10 fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimer of air, as determined by the method prescribed in parograph (e) of this section. (c) METHODS OF COMPLIANCE (I) ENGINEERING METHODS (I) Engineering controls. Engineering controls, such as but not limited to, isolation, enclosure, exhaust ventilation, and dust collection, shall be used to meet the exposure limits prescribed in parograph (b) of this section. (U) LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION (a) Local exhaust ventilation and dust collection systems shall be designed, constructed, installed, and maintained in accordance with the American National Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, ANSI Z9.2- 1971, which is incorporated by reference herein. DE 000250 V (b) See Section I9I0.S concerning the availability of ANSI-A9.21971, and the maintenance of a historic file In connection therewith. The oddress of the American National Standards Institute is given in Section 1910.100. (Hi) PARTICULAR TOOLS All hand-operated and power-operated tools which may produce or release asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, such as, but not limited to, saws, scorers, abrasive wheels, and drills, shall be provided with local exhaust ventilation systems in accordance with subdivision (ii) of this subparagraph. (2) WORK PRACTICES (i) Wet methods. Insofar as practicable, asbestos shall be handled, mixed, applied, removed, cut, scored, or otherwise worked in a wet state sufficient to prevent the emission of airborne fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, unless the usefulness of the product would be diminished thereby. (ii) Particular products ond operations. No asbestos cement, mortar, coating, grout, pl?fter; or similar material containing asbestos shall be removed from bogs, cartons, or other containers in which they are shipped, without being either wetted, or enclosed, or ventilated so as to prevent effectively the release of airborne asbestos fibers in excess of the limits prescribed in poragraph (b) of this section. (iii) Spraying, demolition, or removal. Employees engoged in the spraying of asbestos, the removal, or demolition of pipes, structures, or equipment covered or insulated with asbestos, and in the removal or demolition of asbestos insulation or coverings shall be provided with respiratory equipment in accordance with paragraph (d) (2) (iii) of this section and wim special clothing in accordance with paragraph (d) (3) of this section. (d) PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (I) ' Compliance with the exposure limits prescribed by paragr^h (b) of this section may not be achieved by the use of respirators or shift rotation of employees, excepti '(0 Rjring the time period necessary to install the engineering controls and to institute the work practices required by paragraph (c) of this section; (ii) In work situations in 6hich the methods prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section are either technically not feasible or feasible to an extent insufficient to reduce the airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers below the limits prescribed by parogr<ph (b) of this section; or DE 000251 (Ill) In emergencies. <iv) Where both respirators and personnel rotation are allowed by subdivision (i) and (ii), or (iii) of this subparagraph, and both are practicable, personnel rotation shall be preferred and used. (2) Where a respirator is permitted by subporograph (I) of this paragraph, it shall be selected from among those approved by the Bureau of Mines, Department of the Inferior, or the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Department, of Health, Education, and Welfare, under the provisions of 30 CFR Part 11 (37 P.R. 6244, March 25, 1972), and shall be used in accordance with subdivisions (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) of this subparagraph. (i) Air purifying respirators. A reusable or single use air purifying respirator, or a respirator described in subdivision (ii) or (iii) of this subporograph, shall be used to reduce the concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator below the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, when the ceiling or the 8-hour, timeweighted average airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed no more than 10 times those limits. (ii) Powered air purifying respirators. A full facepiece powered air purifying respirator, or a powered air purifying respirator, or a respirator described in subdivision (iii) of this subporograph, shall be used to reduce the concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator below the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, when the ceiling or the 8-hour, time-weighted averoge concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed 10 times, but not 100 times, those limits. (iii) Type "C supplied-air respirators, continuous flow or pressuredemand class. A type "C" continuous flow or pressure-demand, supplied air respirator shall be used to reduce the concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers i the respirator below the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, when the ceiling or the 8hour, time-weighted average airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed 100 times those limits. '. (iv) ESTABLISHMENT OF A RESPIRATOR PROGRAM (a) The employer shall establish a respirator program in accordance with the requirements of the American National Standard Practices for respiratory Protection, ANSI Z88.2-I969, which is incorporated by reference herein. (b) See Section 1910.6 concerning the availability of ANSI Z88.21969 and the maintenance of an historic file in connection therewith. The address of the American National Standards Institute is given in Section 1910.100. DE 000252 V (c) No employee shod be assigned to tasks requiring the use of respirators if, based upon his most recent examination, an examining physician determines that the employee will be unable to function normally wearing a respirator, or thot the safety or health of the employee or other employees will be Impaired by his use of the respirator. Such employee shall be rotated to another job or given the opportunity to transfer to a different position whose duties he is able to perform with the same employer, in the same geographical area and with the same seniority, status, and rate of pay he had just prior to such transfer, if such a different position is available. (3) Special Clothing: The employer shall provide, and require the use of, special clothing, such as coveralls or similar whole body clothing, head coverings, gloves, and foot coverings for any employee exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers, which exceed the ceiling level prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. (4) Change rooms: (I) At any fixed place of employment exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, the employer shall provide change rooms for employees working regularly at the place. (ii) Clothes lockers: The employer shall provide two separate lockers of containers for each employee, so separated or isolated as to prevent contamination of the employee's street clothes from his work clothes. (iii) Laundering: (a) Laundering of asbestos-contaminated clothing shall be done so as to prevent the release of airborne asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragr^h (b) of this section. (b) Any employer who gives asbestos-contaminated clothing to another person for laundering shall inform such person of the requirement !n (a) of this subdivision to effectively prevent the release of airborne asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure \ limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. \ (e) Contaminated clothing shall be transported in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers, and labeled in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section. (a) METHOO OF MEASUREMENT , / All determinations of airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers dwll be mode by the membrane filter method at 400-450 x (magnification) (4 millimeter abjective) with phase contrast illumination. pE 000253 CO MONITORING (1) Initial determinations. Within 6 months of the publication of this section* every employer shall cause every ploce of employment where asbestos fibers are released to be monitoried in such a way as to determine whether every employee's exposure to asbestos fibers is below the limits prescribed in parograph (b) of this section. If the limits are exceeded, the employer shall immediately undertake a compliance program in accordance with parograph (c) of this section. (2) Personal Monitoring (i) Samples shall be collected from within the breathing zone of the employees, on membrane fillers of 0.8 micrometer porosity mounted in an open-face filter holder. Samples shall be taken for the determination of the 8-hour, time-weighted average airborne concentrations and of the ceiling concentrations of asbestos fibers. (ii) Sampling frequency and patterns. After the initial determinations required by subparagraph (I) of this paragraph, samples shall be ofsuch frequency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of employees. In no case shall the sampling be done at intervals greater than 6 months for employees whose exposure tc asbestos may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the limits prescribed by parograpn (b) of this section. r (3) Environmental monitoring \. (i) Samples shall be collected from areas of a work environment which are representative of the airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers which may reach the breathing zone of employees. Samples shall be collected on a membrane filter of 0.8 micrometer porosity mounted in an open-face filter holder. Samples shall be taken for the determination of the 8-hour, time-weighted average airborne concentrations and of the ceiling concentrations of asbestos fibers. (ii) Sampling frequency and patterns. After the initial determinations required by subparagraph (I) of this parograph, samples shall be of such frequency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy \ the levels of exposure of the employees. In no ease shall sampling - be at intervals greater than 6 months for employees whose exposures to asbestos may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. (A) Employee observation of monitoring. Affected employees, or their representatives, shall be given a reasonable opportunity to observe any monitoring required by*this paragraph and shall have access to the records thereof. DE 000254 (g) CAUTION SIGNS AND LABELS (I) Caution Signs (i) Posting. Caution signs shall be provided and displayed at eoch location where airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers may be in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. Signs shall be posted at such a distance from such a location so that an employee may read the signs and take necessary protective steps before entering the area marked by the signs. Signs shall be posted at all approaches to areas containing excessive concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers. (ii) Sign specifications. The warning signs required by subdivision (i) of . this subparograph shall conform to the requirements of 20" x 14" vertical format signs specified in Section l9IO.I45(dX4), and to this subdivision. The signs shall display the following legend in the lower panel, with letter sizes and styles of a visibility at least equal to that specified in this subdivision. LEGEND NOTATION Asbestos I" Sans Serif, Gothic or Block Djst Hazard 3/4" Sons Serif, Gothic or Block Avoid Breathing CXist 1/4" Gothic Wear Assigned Protective Equipment 1/4" Gothic Do Not Remain in Area Unless Your Work Requires It 1/4" Gothic Breathing Asbestos D;st May be Hazardous to Your Health \ 14 Point Gothic Spacing between lines shall be at least equal to the height of the upper of any two lines. (2) Caution Labels (i) Labeling. Caution labels shall be offbead to all raw materials, mixtures, scrap, waste, debris, and other products containing asbestos fibers, or to their containers* except that no label is required where asbestos fibers have been modified by a bonding agent, coating, binder, or other material so that during any reasonably foreseeable use, handling, storage, disposal, processing, or transportation, no airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section will be released. DE 000255 (ii) Labe! specifications. The caution labels required by subdivision (i) of this subparagraph shall be printed in letters of sufficient size and contrast as to be readily visible and 'sgible. The label shall state: CAUTION Contains Asbestos Fibers Avoid creating Oust Breathing Asbestos Oust May Cause Serious Bodily Harm (h) HOUSEKEEPING (1) Cleaning. All external surfoces in any ploce of employment shall be maintained free of accumulations of asbestos fibers if, with their dispersion, there would be on excessive concentration. (2) Waste disposal. Asbestos waste, scrap, debris, bags, containers, equipment, and asbestos-contaminated clothing, consigned for disposal, which may produce in any reasonably foreseeable use, handling, storage,processing, disposal or transportation airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section shall be collected and disposed of in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers. (i) Recordkeeping (1) Exposure records. Every employer shall maintain records of any personal or environmental monitoring required by this section. Records shall be maintained for a period of af least 20 years and shall be made available upon request to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and to authorized representatives of either. (2) Employee uccess. Every employee and former employee shall have reasonable access to any record required to be maintained by subparograph (I) of this paragraph, which indicates the employee's own exposure to asbestos fibers. fa) Employee notification. Any employee found to have been exposed at any time to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of. the limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section shall be notified in writing of the exposure as soon as practicable but not later than S days of the finding. The employee shall also be timely notified of the corrective action being taken. (j) MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS ' (I) GeneroL The employer shall provide or make available at his cost, medical examinations relative to exposure to asbestos required by this paragraph. DE 000256 (2) Preplocement. The employer shall provide w make available to eoch of his employees, within 30 calendar days following his first employment in an occupation exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers, a comprehensive medical examination, which shall include, as a minimum, a chest roentgenogram (posterior-anterior ift x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include forced vital capocity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at I second (FEV 1.0). (3) Annual examinations. On or before January 31, 1973, and at least annually thereafter, every employer shall provide, or make available, comprehensive medical examinations to eoch of his employees engaged in occupations exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers. Such annual examination shah include, as a minimum, a chest roentgenogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at I second (FEV 1.0). (4) Termination of employment. The employer shall provide, or make available, within 30 calendar days before or after the termination of employment of any employee engaged in an occupation exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers, a comprehensive medical examination which shall include, as a minimum, a chest roentgenogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at I second (FEV 1.0). (5) Recent examinations. No medical examination is required of any employee, if adequate records show that the employee has been examined in accordance with this paragraph within the past I-year period. (6) Medical records. (i) Maintenance. Employers of employees examined pursuant to this paragraph shall cause to be maintained complete and accurate records of nil such medical examinations. Records shall be retained by employers for at least 20 years. (ii) Access. Records of the medical examinations required by this paragraph shall be provided upon request to employees, designated representatives, and the Assistant Secretary in accordance with 29 CFR I9l0.20(a)-(e) and (gHi). These records shall also be provided upon the request to the Director of NIOSH. Any physician who conducts o medical examination required by this paragraph shall furnish to the employer of the examined employee oil the. information specifically required by this paragraph, and any other medical information related to occupational exposure to asbestos fibers. r DE 000257