Document gE6Vdqwbz9Rm8r2zgEQENzMBN

waakly <*(<( m tivirmiMiarMat |m>Mui1om Um law, Ilia maikati, (ha taehnuivyy AIR/WATER pollution report- including air and water news PubHahtr: LEONAROA. EISERER Editor ERIC 8. EASTON Vol. 13 No. 52 December 29, 1975 Page 511 Senate Unit Issues New Clean Air Act Draft...........................................................................Page $12 *EPA To Regulate PCBi, Hatardoue SpUls............................................................................. Page $13 Ten States Join NRDC Bid to Ban Fluorocarbon Sprays......................................................Page SIS State Legislatures Support Houae Clean Air Bill................................................................. Page SIS EPA Reports on Carcinogens in Drinking Water................................................................. Page SIS Train Halls Some Uses of Chlordane, Heptachlor.............................................................. Page 514 Senate Adopts Compromise Allocation Formula................................................................. Page SI7 SLANTS & TRENDS WITH AN ELEVENTH-HOUR COMPROMISE on the tax cut extension, Congress adjourned for a month Dec. 19. Before leaving town, however, the House voted to reject President Ford's proposal to defer spending more than S35-million in funds appropriated for Envi ronmental Protection Agency programs (A/WPR, Dec. 15, 1975, p. 491). Resolutions of disapproval covered $2-million for air pollution research, $4.6-miliion for water quality re search, $3.75-million for state air pollution control agency grants, SlO-million for state water quality agency grants, and SI 5-million for the clean lakes program. Also disapproved was deferral of S50-million in rural water and waste disposal grants. ** RESIGNATION OF REP. JAMES HASTINGS (R.-N.Y.), effective Jan. I, 1976, to become head of Associated Industries of New York State, Inc., poses serious problems for the fragile House Commerce Committee majority. Throughout subcommittee deliberations on Clean Air Act amendments, Hastings worked to develop several compromise provisions which, while acceptable to Republicans and conservative Democrats, rarely undermined the basic majority position. Holding the proxy of Rep. John Heinz (R.-Pa.), a relatively strong pro-environment Republican preoccupied with a difficult Senate campaign, Hastings gave the subcommittee bill an important bipartisan aspect. FULL COMMITTEE VOTING ON TWO amendments to reverse subcommittee decisions shows just how important that bipartisan aspect can be. One proposal, weakening EPA's authority to control four potentially carcinogenic pollutants, was defeated 19-17. The other, hedging EPA's mandate to set a one-hour ambient NO2 standard, was defeated on an I ft-18 tie vote. In both cases, all Republicans present joined dissenting Democrats in support of the weakening amendments. Three Republicans - Hastings, Heinz and Carlos Moorhead (R.-Calif.) - did not vole. IT IS REASONABLE TO ASSUME that Heinz will continue to miss full committee meet ings, and Moorhead can be expected to vote to weaken the subcommittee bill. Hastings' re placement will be nominated by Minority Leader John Rhodes (R.-Ariz.), after consultation with key committee Republicans, and. as a newcomer, will probably toe the party line. That should give Rep. David Satterfield (D.-Va.), who has so far spearheaded the conservative effort, enough votes to win some important battles. Even if enough Democrats come back in to the fold, any appearance of bipartisanship will have been lost, leaving the bill wide open lo floor fights in the House. Publithad waakly by Builntti Pubitihvrs, Inc.. P.O. Box 1067, Stiver Spring. Maryland, 20610, 13011 687-6300. Sub let iptIon ratal' 6146/yr.. U.S., Canada and Maxtco: $170/yr. In all othar cowntriai tmclurtai Air Mail). Multicopy ratal on raquett to Hanry E. Klainar. Jr., Buiinaaa Managar. Publiahinf Comultant, Stanlay 8rarm. All rlfitl raaarvad. Aaproduction in any form wdiatioavar forblddan without axpraw parmiiiion from the pwblliher. MONS 031819 lErarJSlTM_____ AIR/WATER pollution report. Page M2 SI-NATF UNIT ISSUES NI-.W Cl.I AN AIK ACt DRAFT To cxpcdilc action on (.'lean Ait Act amendments when Congress returns from its holiday recess, Serin tv Public Works Committee staff last week issued a formal Staff Woiking Print No. 6. dated Dec. 22, which incorporates and clearly distinguishes between amendments reflecting committee decisions and those wl^ich have not yet been appioved (A/WPK, Dec. 22, 1975, p, 502). Of the print's 41 sections, only )? Have not yet been adopted, at least in principle, by the committee. Many provisions which have been approved, however, appear for the fust time in legislative language and will be subject to further revision. Section 4, for example, which declares that the statutory 0.4 grams per mile standard for auto motive oxides of nitrogen emissronv shall be a "research objective," requires each manufacturer whose sales represent st lesst 0.5% of all U.S. sales to build and demonstrate vehicles meeting that objective in model year 1978 and each year thereafter. Another example, in Section 23, authorizes Federal Energy Administration to allocate continuous emission reduction systems so that such systems are "first provided to sources subject to (coal conversion] orders... in air quality control region* in which national primary ambient air quality standards have not been achieved." Most of the Issues related to stationary sources, as well as significant deterioration and transportalion control provisions, have nor been decided by the committee. Discussion on those issues begin last Friday, when tire committee approved most of the civil penalty provisions. One change was made in the subcommittee draft to delete the minimum $15,000 per day fine for certain violations; maximum fine of $25,000 per day was retained. Still pending is a proposal by Sen. James Buckley (R.-N.Y.) permitting successful defendants to recover litigation costs at the court's discretion. In genera), the stationary source provisions under consideration would provide that a state or EPA could issue cnlorcerocnl orders for the additional time needed to achieve applicable emission limitations. Orders would require compliance at the earliest practicable date, but in no event later than Jan. I, 1979. State orders would prevail unless Environmental Protection 'Agency objects in writing within 90 days and proceeds to issue its own enforcement order, if a source intends to comply by closing a facility, replacing a facility, or changing the production process, it may be allowed until Jan. I, 1979, to attain emission limitations without being required to meet a complete compliance program. Such source would, however, be required to posf a bond or other surety. Extension for Innovative Technology In the case of a major emitting facility which proposes to comply with emisiion limitations by re placing existing production capacity with an "innovative production process" or using an "innovative conIrol technique" which could result in emission reductions "significantly greater than required,'' or with an "innovative system that will have potential for industrywide application at a significantly lower cost than (he systems which have been determined by the Administrator to be adequately demonstrated," the com mittee is considering compliance dale extensions to Jan. 1, 1980 or 1981. Otherwise, enforcement orders would be required to include specific timetables and schedules of compliance and would be conditioned upon an amendment to be added no. later than Jan. 1, 1978, setting forth a delayed compliance penalty which would be payable on a monthly basis beginning after Jan. 1, 1979, if the source had not achieved compliance by that dale. Source would also be subject to an abatement action by the slate <>1 EPA afrci Jan. I. 1979. As noted above, the committee has already agreed to authorize EPA to seek dvil penalties against violator* In the courts. Penalties would be Imposed by the courts and, in general, be limited to $10,000 per day of violation. Fines may be assessed against corporations and responsible corporate officer*. In cases where a person Is In knowing violation and (I) where there has been no request for an enforce ment order extending the date of compliance, or (2) where a knowing violation of an interim step has occurred after receipt of a delayed compliance dale, or (3) if the source fails to pay a delayed complbmrr penalty. tich person shall be subject to a maximum fine of S2S.000 per day of viobfion. Ik'fmtrious applicable <0 u.Hion.iiy souicc provisions have not yet been agreed to, but the commiHiT is coiiKuhuittg (be following language: (I) "nnisxion limitation" mean* a "requirement established by a state 01 the Ailminisiiator which limits the quantity, rate or concentration of emissions of air pollutants on a continuous basts, including a detailed schedule and timetable of compliance;" (2) "sched ule and timetable of compliance" means a "schedule of remedial measures Including an enforceable se quence of actions or operations leading to compliance with an emission limitation, other limitation, prohibition or standard;" and (3) "major emitting facility" means "any stationary source of sir pollu tants which emits, or has the potential to emit, 100 ions per year or more of any ait pollutant." Other key stationary source-related provisions which have been approved, in addition to coal con version and civil penally measures, include the requirement that EPA study a possible NOx emission penally system for stationary sources and authorisation for EPA to promulgate a hazardous emission standard in terms of design, equipment or operations if found necessary. The Randolph amendment on expansion in air quality control regions is included in (he print as undecided. NOWS 0 3 1 fliO _____ AIR/WATER pollution nport iy m \ lil'A MOVI S TO RI'.(iUI.ATI'. DISCHARliLS Ol KB# Contending that polycliiormalcd biphenyls "constitute a significant hazard to human health and the environment and must he immediately and effectively controlled with every means at our disposal," fcnvironmental Selection Agency Administrator Russell fc. Train announced list week that his agency will establish requirements for tire virtual elimination of PCBs from industrial wastewater discharges (A/WPR, Dec. 22*^.1975, p. SOI). Aim of die agency is aero discharge of PCBs, but where that is not possible, EPA hopes to reduce discharges to two to three ounces. Train explained at a press briefing Dec. 22. Under a directive from Train, regional officials must complete within 60 days ongoing surveys of the 37 facilities that manufacture transformers and capacitors using PCBs and the single U.S. PCB manu facturing facility of Monsanto Co. These surveys will determine the manner in which PCBs enter the water, air and land and the precise measures Chat can be undertaken at each facility to eliminate or drastically minimise PCB contamination of the environment. "I have further directed our regional offices to assure immediately thereafter that all water discharge permils issued to these facilities are revised to require that all those measures affecting water discharges arc undertaken expeditiously, and to further assure that such measures are also undertaken by facilities which discharge into municipal treatment works and are not therefore required to procure sueh permits," Train said. Survey results will also be used to determine whether an air emission standard should be et for PCBs and to develop measures for avoiding further Iand contamination from PCBs. Train expressed optimism that in most Instances control of PCB discharges can be achieved at a reasonable cost through process changes, substitution and/or installation of control technology. EPA hopes for Ute cooperation of industry to attain such controls expeditiously, he said, but noted that if such co operation is not forthcoming, "I am prepared to exercise my authority under Section 504 {emergency powers provision] of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act*to ensure immediate action in individual cases." In order to ensure the safe handling and disposal of PCBs now In use, Train said he has urged the major electric utility companies and other major users of large capacitors and transformers to assume re sponsibility for controlling the uae and disposal of their PCBs. Train will meet with industry representa tives in January to discuss specific programs, and pledged to issue regulations where needed and the authority exists. Expects Substantial Reduction of Risk "We would expect these actions to substantially reduce the potential risk from the large quantities of PCBs which are presently in use, and to thereby avoid their eventual addition to the existing environ mental burden," Train said. He also announced intention of asking the American Notional Standards In stitute to develop and implement guidelines and a code of good practice for the maintenance, handling, servicing and disposal of existing equipment containing PCBs. Other actions planned by Train are: (1-) meeting with manufacturers of equipment using PCBs to discuss plans for developing environmentally acceptable alternatives; (2) request to state governors to apply their authorities to the PCB problem; (3) request to Federal agencies^to inventory their uses of PCBs and PCB-conlalning material* and develop plans to assure their safe use and disposal; (4) investi gation of PCB discharges from major waste recycling plants and development of appropriate effluent guidelines and limitations In discharge permits; (5) investigation of the casting industry to develop ap propriate standards and guidelines for its air, water and solid waste discharges, (6) development of guiil ancc for proper disposal of PCBs in municipal and industrial solid wastes; (7) joint program with Corps of Engineers to deal with the difficult problem of PCB-contaminated sediments in rivers, lakes and coastal waters. EPA estimate* that about 300-mfiUon pound* of PCB# are In the environment in the U.S., either in landfills, air, water, soil or bottom sediments. Each year, it says, 10,000 pound* are discharged into II,S. waterways from electric equipment manufacturers and the one Monsanto manufacturing facility; I- to 2-mUlion pounds are spilled or leaked by equipment manufacturer* during production, handUng and disposal of PCBs and PCB-containlng products; and 10-mttlion pounds are introduced by other source* through ipUs, servicing, handling, recycling and salvaging of PCB-containlng equipment end products. Train stressed that- dip EPA plan of action "will not lead to a quick and easy reduction of the current levels of PCBs in our environment and particularly in the commercial and sports flih taken from waters most contaminated. Hopefully the control of discharges will arrest the rapid growth of the prob lem. Ultimately, however, only the reduced use of PCBs will yield a significant and permanent solution." Thus, he concluded, because of the hazards posed by PCBs and the environmental burden that already exists, "it Is plain to me that we must, as a society, accept and work toward a goal of totally elim inating the production, importation and use of PCBs as rapidly as possible." But, he noted, until Con gress passes a toxic substances control law, EPA bar. little legal authority to actually restrict the use and distribution of PCB*. , ,,, , . (Continued on following page) . T ? B te O SNOW Ita ember ?'>,yVHr' ___ AIR/WATIR pollution report. Page 5)4 II'A TO HKOHOSI HAZARDOUS SHI LI RULLS (Cont.) In a general attack on hazardous materials' contamination of the environment, Train told reporters (hat I,PA wilt purpose regulations governing the control of hazardous material spills, including those of IH'Hs, and will move as rapidly us possible (o finalize the rules. Regulations, which will appear in the f'riierol fy'Kister shortly, would designate more than 300 chemicals as posing an imminent and substan tia) danger to public health and welfare when spilled into waterways. If designated as hazardous, a tubstance is considered to be nonremovable; a harmful quantity is determined, and penalties are assessed for spills in excess of that amount. Train explained that designation of a substance as hazardous depends on evaluation of both toxi cological data and production, distribution and use Information. "Substances on the list are therefore those which are hazardous and have a reasonable chance for spillage due to their widespread use." Although the proposed rules state that the substances are nonremovable, Train said, such a determina tion "does not relieve the discharger from the responsibility to take emergency response action to limit a spill's harmful effects on the environment." He also noted that mitigating actions could reduce the penalties imposed for a spill. Federal Watci Pollution Control Act requires that "harmful quantity" be defined for each desig nated substance for purposes of spill reporting and enforcement action. To simplify this procedure, EPA has proposed that the substances be ^ouped into four classifications based on their relative po tential hazard to the aquatic environment, with a relative harmful quantity assigned to each classifica tion. Classification system is based on one proposed for use by Intergovernmental Maritime Consulta tive Organization. Harmful quantity is determined by the aquatic toxicity of the substances which Is measured by the concentration of the substance that is lethal to 50% of lest organisms over a 96-hour period (LCso). The most toxic substances would be listed as Category A, having an LC50 of less than I part per million and a harmful quantity of I pound. Category B would be those substances with LCjq that is greater than or equal to 1 ppm and less than 10 ppm, with harmful quantity set at 10 tb. Category C substances would have LC50 that is greater than or equal to 10 ppm and lest than 100 ppm, with harmful quantity set at 100 lb. Category D are those substances with LC50 greater than or equal >0 100 ppm and less than or equal to 500 ppm, with harmful quantity set at 500 lb. in special waters, defined as those which are drinking water reservoirs, part of a designated National Wildlife Refuge System or part of a designated National Forest Wilderness, National Park Sys tem or National Wilderness Preserve System, EPA proposes that any quantity of a designated substance be considered a harmful quantity when discharged into such waters. More Stringent Penalties for Gross Negligence Under FWPCA, EPA has the discretion to set penalties on the basis of $$00 to $5,000 per dis charge or on the basis of $100 to $1,000 per unit of measurement, with a maximum of $5-mi!!ion f'01 vessels and $500,000 for onshore or offshore facilities. EPA proposes that the former system be used "unless the Administrator determines that gross negligence on the parU,of the owner or operator of the vessel or facilily is the cause of the discharge, or that after the discharge has occurred, the owner or operator has displayed gross negligence in minimizing or mitigating effects on (he public health or welfare." When pose negligence k found, penalties will be aaaessed under the latter system. To set penal ties in that manner, EPA has determined the unit of measurement for Category A substances to be 1 lb., Category B to be 10 lb., Category C to be 100 lb., and Category D to be S00 lb., and has assigned a base penalty rate of $1,000 per unit. But because all substances within a category do not exert their damaging effects equally, agency proposes to further subcategorize the substances within each category according to their physical, chemical and dispersal characteristics and assign adjustment factor* for each aubcjiegory. Suhcatognnc* withm each category aml (heir adjustment factors are: Insoluble Volatile Floater (0.1). Insoluble Nonvolaiile Fhwtcr (0.33). Insoluble Sinker (0.36), Soluble Mixer (0.49), Precipitator (0.f>3), Soluble Sinker (0.75), Soluble Floater (0.88), and Miscible (I). Thus, if a Category A sub stance is an Insoluble Volatile Floater, the penalty rate would be $1,000 multiplied by the adjust ment factor of 0.1, toSqual $100 per pound. An Insoluble Volatile Floater in Subcategory C would have 1 penalty rate of $100 per 500 pounds of spilled materia). For discharges of mixtures or solu tions, rate of penalty will be the sum of the rates for individual hazardous components if the quan tity discharged equals or exceeds the harmful quantity for the mixture. Comments on the proposed regulations arc due within 60 diys of their publication and may be sent to EPA, Hazardous Substances Branch, Office of Water Planning and Standards (WH-595), Wash ington, D.C. 20460 MOWS 031822 December ?*>> I'WS ____AIR/WATER pollution roport r,w n i n TEN STATES JOIN NRIK. IHI) TO RAN EUIOROCARHON SPRAYS Ten slates - Colorado, Honda. Massachusetts, Michigan. Minnesota. New Hampshire, New Yoik. Oregon. Vermont and Wisconsin ~ joined with Natural Resources Defense Council. Environmental De fense Fund, and Minnesota Public Interest Research Group last week in filing a new petition will) the Consumer Product Safety Commission to ban fluorocarbon-propelled spray cans. Petition, the third filed by NRlk< on this issue, concludes that the bulk of evidence today, including the results of recent highaltitude tests, overwhelmingly suppoits predictions dial continued use of fluorocarbons will lead to a substantial decrease in stratospheric ozone and corresponding increases in skin cancer. "Most impressive," according to NRDC scientist Karim Ahmed, 'Ms that In spite of the rigorous scrutiny with which the scientific community has examined the predictions of ozone loss, nothing in the put year and one-half has come close to contradicting any of the original findings." Noting (hat CPSC has the lepl authority to ban the use of a major portion of alt aerosol products containing fluoro carbons, NRDC attorney Thomas B. Sfoel said the commission's refusal to enact the ban "violates its obligation to protect the public health." According to industry spokesman James P. Lodge, however, "it would be inappropriate to impose restrictions on the use of fluorocarbons without proving the hypoth esis, and we have a few years to do that." NRDC first petitioned CPSC to ban fluorocarbon-propelled sprays in November 1974. hi early July 1975, after NRDC sued CPSC for illegally delaying a ruling on the petition, the commission denied the request by a 3-2 vote, maintaining (hat there was insufficient information linking aerosol products to ozone depletion to justify such a ban. Later that month, NRDC and four states petitioned the Food and Drug Administration to ban aerosol products under its jurisdiction. FDA denied the petition pend ing a report from the National Academy of Sciences due in April 1976. In a letter to CPSC, NRDC asserted that it is unlikely that NAS will reach conclusions significantly different from those in the NRDC petition in view of the "remarkable unanimity on this issue within the scientific community." In a related development. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration reported last week that a new remote-sensing technique it Inis developed will permit scientists to calculate the actual rale at which nitrogen oxides destroy the earth's stratospheric o/.onc shield. New ground-based spectroscopic technique measures the light spectrum produced by such sources as the sun and moon shining through the earth's atmosphere, by isolating that portion of the spectrum interpreted as caused by nitrogen di oxide, the amount of that chemical in the atmosphere can be estimated. Once that is determined, ac cording to NOAA's John F. Noxon. "we can calculate the amount of daytime nitric oxide, which is the real enemy of ozone. And when wc know that, we know the rate at which ozone will be removed." * STATE LEGISLATURES SUPPORT HOUSE CLEAN AIR BILL In a letter to members of the House Commerce Committee, the National Conference of Slate Legis latures this month offered its support, with souk qualifications, for the Clean Air Act amendments now pending before that committee as H.R.I0498. "While the bill does not agree with conference policy in all respects, and wc still recommend a few amendments, the bill shows a good attempt to accommodate state needs and interests," NCSL said. "This is essential if the nation's air pollution efforts are to be effective," the letter states, suggesting that, subject to three further amendments, H.R.10498 is s good compromise. First, NCSL said, "it is essential that the *substantia) evidence' test for judicial review of Environ mental Protection Agency rules and regulations be deleted from Section 305." This language would re quire that in order to affirm an EPA role or regulation, a court must find "substantial evidence in the rulemaking record... taken as a whole." According to NCSL, such language would suggest that Congress intends to impose a more stringent evidentiary requirement than that now imposed on EPA to defend an action apinst the charge of "arbitraty and capricious." That, in effect, would "transfer the burden onto EPA to show why its action should be upheld, thus inviting more frequent legal challenges by increasing the odds that an action will be struck down." In addition, NCSL pointed out that since EPA approvals of state clean air implementation plans and program grant applications arc specifically included among the actions to which the substantial evidence rule would apply, "it could wreak untold havoc on state efforts. Even if stale plan and grant approvals were Insulated from th stiffer requirement," the letter says, "state planning and programming could still be disrupted by long delays in the resolution of cases involving important Federal directives." Other amendments proposed hv NCSL would iciain current 1978 deadlines for auto emission conIrol improvements, especially lor hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide control, and insure that no state with large national parks or wilderness areas would be precluded from further development by sigiulicant deterioration provisions of Section I0K, so long hx best available control technology is applied. "Some Males," NC'St pointed out, "such us Vermont and West Virginia, could have substantial areas of (Continued on loJiowmg page) HONS 031823 Dt^-mi,cl ;. i>75AIR/WATER pollution report. Put SU, VI A l l s, I.OCAJ. <;Vi;RNMI.NTS SUPPORT ll R.I049H (Coni.) mm I'VUnNl him) iu winch mujni emitting lucililics needed lor economic growth could be effectively pro hibited. Suitable language to remove this prospect would go far to allay these states' fears." I'jtlicr tliis month, the National Association of Counties and National League of Cities also indi cated theft.support for H.R.I0498 in letters to the committee. Uke NCSL, they were particularly pleased with the bill's proposed solutions to intergovernmental relations problems. According to NACo, the bill "offers a rational approach to achieving the clean air standards of the country while affording reasonable deadline extensions for achieving these standards. H.R. 10498 also ensures the proper involve ment of those levels of government charged with the actual task of implementing pollution abatement programs," NACo said. NLC pointed out (hat the bill, as reported, "reflects the careful consideration of intergovernmen tal relations problems identified by cities throughout the country during the initial stages of Clean Air Act implementation. Further," NLC said, "the bill is conceptually and in a number of cases explicitly endorsed by the Environmental Quality statement adopted by the League's 15,000-city membership In plenary session last December." On other specific issues, NACo singled out auto emissions and indirect source control provisions of ll.R.10498 as particularly deserving of support. NLC endorsed both those provisions, as well as those dealing with coal conversion, compliance date extensions and nondegradation. Subcommittee Chairman Paul G. Rogers (D.-Fla.), who had the letters published in the Congressional Record, suggested that they serve as evidence of the "balance which this legislation has achieved and why it should meet Congres sional approval." * * EPA REPORTS ON CARCINOGENS IN DRINKING WATER Studies have found 2S3 different organic chemicals in the nation's drinking water, most of which have not been tested for potential carcinogenicity, but even "in the case of recognised carcinogens, the actual risk posed by ingesting very low concentrations is not known at this time," Environmental Pro tection Agency has concluded in a report to Congress on "Preliminary Assessment of Suspected Carcino gens in Drinking Water." Report also points out that EPA's in-depth survey of drinking water supplies in 10 cities "was not extensive enough to demonstrate conclusively that the environmental contamination found was likely to he present nationwide." Report's section on the cost of removing carcinogens provides detailed figures on expenditures for removing the precursors that react with chlorine to form chloroform and other trihalomethancs. For a 100-miUion-gallon-pcr-day facility, report says that furnace cost for one- to three-month regeneration of carbon is SI. I-million; cost of initial carbon is 1988,000 for 2.6-million pounds; engineering fees, steam generator and quench tank are 3% of furnace and carbon costs; and labor for regeneration is S1S.000. Data arc for the use of granular activated carbon as a replacement for the granular media used in con ventional water treatment. To remove arsenic V and 11 (oxidized) from drinking water, EPA estimates cost would be 121 to 151 per 1.000 gallons fot a l-million-gallon-pcr-day treatment facility using chemical coagulation and lime softening. For asbestos fiber removal, report says that estimated cost of water from a new 30miiiion-galloii-pcr-day direct filtration plant capable of removing particulates and asbestos fibers is about 7i per 1,000 gallons. In existing plants currently operating to remove particulates, additional cost to up grade treatment to handle asbestos fibers would be small, EPA says. ** TRAIN HALTS SOME USES OF CHLORDANE, HEPTACHLOR Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Russell E. Train last week ordered an immediate hull to use of chlordanc and hcptachlor for lawns, household pest control and turf, ruling that such uses would create an "imminent hazard" of cancer in humans. Train's order, which overrules an earlier recommendation by un EPA administrative law judge, permits use of (he chemicals against insects in com through Aug. I, 1976, for control of pests in minor crops, and for underground termite con trol. Environmental Defense Fund said it will appeal the EPA order in Federal court, seeking a com plete ban on all uses. * In a related development, General Accounting Office this month criticized Federal pesticide pro grams, contending that EPA has failed to insure that only pesticides which do not cause unreasonable adverse effects are approved and that Food and Drug Administration has failed to adequately regulatcpcsticidc residues in food. Various kinds of Information concerning environmental effects of pesticides arc not presented to EPA prior to registration, GAO said, urging that EPA improve its testing of in ert ingredients and improve labeling requirements. HONS 0 3 1 8 2 4 / th-mnber 2`L V75 ___ AIR/WATER pollution roport. hr M7 SUNATU ADOPTS COMPROMISE ALLOCATION FORMULA Legislation authorizing JM-billion in sewage treatment plant construction grant funds, II.R.5247. was approved by the Senate on Dec. 17 and sent to the House for action next year (A/WPR, Dee, 15. 1975, p. 495). Following shows the allocation of additional funds among those states which would have benefited from redistribution of reserve funds under the Senate's TalmadgeNunn amendment. Reserve Allocation Talmadie Nunn Formula New Funds Redon I: * Connecticut.............................. $ 155,091,800 Maine......................................... 78,495.200 Massachusetts........................... New Hampshire........................ Rhode Island............................ Vermont.................................... 295,809,100 77,199,350 4S,599,600 22,506,600 Region II: New Jersey.................. New York.................... Puerto Rico................ Virgin Islands............. 660,830.500 1,046,103,$00 84,910,500 7,794,800 Region HI: Delaware...................... Maryland...................... Pennsylvania............... Virginia........................ West Virginia.............. District of Columbia. 56.394.900 297,705,300 498,984,900 251,809,000 59.419.900 72,492,000 Region IV: Alabama............. Florida............... Georgia.............. Kentucky.......... Mississippi......... North Carolina. South Carolina. Tennessee......... 43,975,950 345,870,100 117,772,800 90,430,800 38,735,200 110,345,000 82,341.900 107,351,400 Region V: Illinois..... Indiana.... Michigan. Minnesota Ohio....... Wisconsin 571.698.400 251,631,800 625,991,900 172,024.500 497.227.400 145.327.400 Region VI: Region VII: Arkansas....... Louisiana...... New Mexico. Oklahoma..... Texas............. Iowa........ Kansas..... Missouri.. Nebraska. 39.822.700 .71,712,250 15,054,900 64.298.700 174,969,850 100,044,900 53,794,200 157,471,200 38,539,500 Region Vlll: Colorado............... Montana................ North Dakota...... South Dakota...... Utah...................... Wyoming.............. 43.113.300 12,378.200 2,802,000 5.688,000 21,376,500 2,930,650 Region IX: Region X: Arizona................. California.............. Hawaii................... Nevada.................. American Sgmoa. Pacific Trust,../.. Guam.................... Alaska......... Idaho.......... Oregon....... Washington. 18,833,450 945,776,800 51.903.300 31,839,800 738,200 2.672,800 6,399,200 25,250,500 19,219,100 77,582,900 103,915,600 SI 15,740,000 46.566.000 252,558,000 53.226.000 38.075.000 21.555.000 407.682.000 829.971.000 102.240.000 5,049.000 33.264.000 319.140.000 392.382.000 214.308.000 160.614.000 20.124.000 113.463.000 388.098.000 198.603.000 128.745.000 76.311.000 204.678.000 123.804.000 150.075.000 459.009.000 194.283.000 355.014.000 149.058.000 461.781.000 182.853.000 92.853.000 121.509.000 31.059.000 115.974.000 436.716.000 105.300.000 94.968.000 178.268.000 49.482.000 86.256.000 21.276.000 17.838.000 18.288.000 47.682.000 15.885.000 85.275.000 865.845.000 60.381.000 33.579.000 2,952,000 16.515.000 10.656.000 38.151.000 34.290.000 81.603.000 139.221.000 S 17,329,500 21,434,700 101,194,100 69,487,050 42,137,900 80.830.200 38.314.200 37,575,800 94,333,000 41,462,100 42,723,600 37,525,600 53.030.300 49,796,750 16,004,100 51.675.300 261.746,150 5.255.100 41.173.800 20.791.800 10.942.500 43,142,700 8.897.800 15.036.000 12.600.000 26.305.500 12,954,350 66,441,550 8,477,700 1,739.200 2.213.800 13,842.200 4.256.800 12.900.500 15,070,900 4.020.100 35,305,400 Total. 9,000,000.000 9,000,000,000 1,417,968,050 MONS 0 3 1 8 2 5 ttrirmhci I'f, f>7iAIR/WATIR pOlhltkO nfiOft. Page $18 POLLUTION ( ON ! KOI. INDUSTRY NEWS American Air Killer Cu., Inc., Louisville, Ky., ha* received an order in excess of J.VmilJion for envi ronmental control ayatema to be used at four nuclear power stations. Standardised Nudear Unit Power Plant Systems, a project of five electric utility com panies, ordered the systems for nuclear plants being constructed in Burlington, Kan.; Fulton, Mo.; Durand, Wis,; and Sterling, N.Y. AAF will design and supply four containment coolers for each of the 1,150-mogawatt plants. Proposed regulation of OCS operations. U5G5. Dec. 19 FR 58862. Guidelines to OCS Order No. 14. U.S. Department Of Interior. Dec. 19 FR 58873. Revision to Virgin Islands air quality implementa tion plan. EPA. Dec. 22 FR 59204. Proposed redesignation-revision of environmental impact statements for program-related instructions. Farmers Home Administration. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Dec. 22 FR $9214. Resources Conservation Co., a joint venture owned by Reading A Bate* Offshore Drilling Co., El Paso Co. and Boeing Co., hat sold two cooling lower water purification and recycling systems to Public Service Co. of New Mexico and Tucson Gas A Electric Co. for more than $3-milllon. First unit is being used at the utilities' San Juan No. 1 plant In northwestern New Mexico; second unit will be installed at Ssn Juan No. 2 in 1977. JBK Scientific Corp., Burlington, Mass., is offer ing a testing service to provide dels on the dispersion characteristics of dredged material and sludges to use as sn input to environmental impact statements and for planning purposes In selecting disposal sites. Samples of sediments and sludges are analysed to allow quantitative prediction of the descent, impact, mounding and spreading characteristics of the ma terial when dumped at a specified site. Actual lab oratory teats on the sample provided are scaled to full scale for (he specified site. Notice of meeting of Science Advisory Board Hazardous Materials Advisory Committee. EPA. Dec. 22 FR 59241. * PEOPLE IN THE NEWS Jack Roderick has been named Deputy Commis sioner of Alaska Department of Natural Resources. John Cobb has been appointed to the Colorado Air Pollution Control Commission. Kenneth A. Konz has been appointed special as sistant to New Jersey Environmental Protection Com missioner David J. Bardin. John Ik. Gubsnich will succeed retiring John I. Barr as president and chief executive officer of American Water Works Co., Wilmington, Del. Leon W. Weinberger has been named chairman and chief executive officer of Environment Control Corp., Painesville, Ohio. American Paper Institute said laxt week that capital expenditures for pollution abatement equip ment at pulp and paper mills in 1975 has been esti mated at S644-milHon, accounting for well over one-third of the total capital expenditures at these mills. Operating expenses for this equipment totaled about S200-miliion this year. Ecodyne Corp., Lincolnshire, HI., this month an nounced plans for a new, multimillion dollar manu facturing and office complex at Conroe, Tex., to provide firm's MRM Division with a base for over seas shipment of equipment and better access to southwestern markets. Fenbcrthy lloudaillr's Water A Waste Water Sys tems Division has moved to new headquarters in Ctdar Falls, Iowa, where It will be located with the Viking Pump Division of HoudaiHe Industries. FOR THE RECORD Procurement undo grants for construction of treatment works: state and local assistance. Environ mental Protection Agency. Dec. 17 Federal Register p. 58602. Miscellaneous amendments for energy related au thority. EPA. Dec. 18 FR S6644. Delegation of authority, to Washington local agen cies for national emission stsrfdsrds for hazardous air pollutants. HPA. Dec. 18 FR $8646. Labeling and importation of catalyst equipped vehicles. EPA. Dec. 18 FR 58646. Proposed legal authority for South Carolina im plementation plan. EPA. Dec. 18 PR $8663. Richard L. Klimiech has been named head of the Hnvironmental Sciences Department at General Motors Research Laboratories. David K. Edwards has been appointed direciot of research and engineering for Penberthy Houdaille's Water A Waste Water Systems Division, Cedar Falls, Iowa. MISCELLANEOUS GRANTS AND CONTRACTS Environmental Protection Agency has awarded Bolt Berenek and Newman. Inc., Cambridge, Man., 882,800 for development of noise control technol ogy for specialty truck components; University of Rhode Island, Kingston, $64,982 to conduct sn environmental impact assessment; Science Applications, Inc., McLean, V#., $$$,200 for development of technology and legal review for loaders and dozers; Development Sciences, Inc., East Sandwich, Mass., $53,900 for development of environmental perform ance criteria; Damea and Moore, Cranford, N.J., $52,900 for preparation of draft environmental impact studies for tracked and wheeled loaders and dozen; Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, Calif., $52,831 to research capabilities of quick response to very specific areas of environment; Boot Allen Applied Research, Division of Boot Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethetda, Md., $30,000 for technical repori for cost analysis and economic Impact relative to snowmobiles. Proposed order ami guidelines for diligence in Office of Naval Research has awarded University I Outer Continental Shelf oil and gas operations. U.S. (iVological Ntirvry. |>t'<\ 19 FR 58862. of Delsware, Newark, $61,$81 for research on coastsl environments. ,, MONS 0 3 1 8 2 6 December 24*,^lt*75 ___ AIR/WATER pollution roport. Pae 519 EPA WASTEWATER TREATMENT GRANTS KPA regional administrators have awarded 4* construc tion grant! totaling t),tl,Mt to kelp finance waale treat ment facilities. Grant Profect At: AH: Lakeview............... t'A.' Amidiw................. Kin| . Point Arens........... S, Lake lehoe....... Tuolumne ............ FL: Gainesville............ ID: Avery.................... IL: Bureau Junction.... `97750 II.2$0 543,875 60.225 7,$00 89,250 6,264 200,660 4,838 9,000 Plant planhina Plant planning Interceptor Plant design Plant planning Plant planning Plant planning Plant planning Plant planning Plant planning Damtanvtllc Water Dlst........... Mount Carroll....... IN: Shipshewsna......... IA: Anita.................... Homsstead............ KS McPherson............ 3,000 11.850 1,925 10,120 7,720 248.2SO Plant planning Plant planning Plant planning Plant planning Plant planning Interceptor KY: Calvert City........... Hodgcnville.......... Jackson................. Louisa.... .............. Owlnisville........... Viccn.................... LA: Ktolr. Springs........ W. Quachifa Sew. Dili............ 29,571 22.500 24.144 17,745 18,750 11.693 3,750 331,050 Plant planning Plant planning Plant planning Plant planning Plant planning Plant planning Plant planning Plant daeign Ml: Dundee................. Sun field................ MO: Goodman.............. Van Buren............ Ml: Helena.............. NIC Purhsm................ NC`: Cteedmoor............ Hertford............... Merehsll............... Yancayvilla........... OH: Clayton................. Cuyahoga Fells..... Fort Jennings........ Summit Cty.......... HI: Coventry .............. TX: Cotdspring!........... Glen Rose............. Odessa.................. Tye....................... in : Cattle Dale/ Orangeville......... WA: Pe Ell.................... Wl: Milwaukee Cty...... 19,050 21,300 4,500 9,000 15,000 121,435 22,500 9,750 14.492 I6.S00 23,775 935,400 4,135 $47,950 60,000 11.100 197.895 27,750 3.852 19.500 11.250 10,725 Plant planning Plant planning Plant planning Plant planning Plant planning Plant daeign Plant planning Plant planning Plant planning Plant pfenning Plant planning Plant Plant planning Plant design Plant planning Plant planning Plant Plant planning Hint planning Plant deaign Plant planning Plant planning ** WATER RESEARCH GRANTS AND CONTRACTS Environmental Protection Agency hai awarded W.A. Wilder A Aeeocialce, Palo Alto, Calif., $299,600 for evaluation of the coil effectiveness of aquifer dewatering; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, St 70,11 $ to study occurrence and effects of organict in drinking water mutagenic and carcino genic effects and studies of metabolic activation; American Petroleum Institute, Washington, l).(\, $75,000 for refinery sour water stripper studies; Resources Administration andDevelopmenl, Inc., Fori Colling*, Colo., $46,098 to study relevance of water quality control slat\ite*and administrative agencies to irrigation return flow quality control; University of South Carolina, Columbia, $33,980 to develop standard bioaatay methods for iarvtl arlhopods using flow-through system; Virginia Mason Research Center, Seattle, Wash., $28 ,t 34 to develop instrumentation suitable for moni toring of total dissolved gat pressure in natural waters; University of Maryland, College Park, $26,638 to study impact of waterfowl on microbial popu lation of estuaries with apecial reference to dissem ination ol potential human pathogens; Jnhfis Hopkins University. Baltimore, Mil . $24,962 to study impact ol waterfowl on itm-mhiNl population of estuaries with special reference to dis semination of potential human pathogens; Univenity of Rhode Island, Kinpton, $14,500 to develop method for stabilizing indicator bacteria In water samples; National Sanitation Foundation $6,000 for con ference on onsite wastewater systems. Office of Naval Research has awarded Bermuda Biological Station for Research, Inc., St. George's, Bermuda, $39,948 to determine the extent that hydrocarbons in the open ocean are associated with colloids; Univenity of Alaska, Fairbanks, $36,269 for re search to determine quantity and composition of gates entrained in sea ice. AIR RESEARCH GRANTS AND CONTRACTS Environmental Protection Agency has awarded IIT Research Institute, Chicago, 111. $298,959 for study to determine the interactions of various air pollutants on causation of pulmonary diaeaae; Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica, Calif., $94,962 for survey of compliance status and study of air pollution problems and controls at petroleum refineries; New York University Medical Center. New York, N.Y., $68,922 for comparative effects of respirable particles, gases and mists using pulmonary function and particle deposition and clearances in donkeys and man as the model Tor pulmonary irritation; Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, Calif., $60,000 for conceptual design of scrubbing systems for rocket moton; Pedco Environment! Specialists, Cincinnati, Ohio, $60,000 for maintenance plan development for air quality maintenance area in EPA Region Vill; APT, Inc., San Diego, Calif., $55,349 to study . effects of high temperature and pressure on particle collection mechanisms; California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, $49,851 to conduct modeling of plumes from multi ple cooling lowers; Institut fur Aerobiotogie der FraunhoferGeaeUachaft, West Germany, $34,000 to design and (eat the performance of an aerosol mass distribution monitor; Automotive Testing Laboratories, Inc., Denver. Colo., $26,000 for study on the effectiveness of an air-bled/exhaust gas recirculation retrofit. Office of Nava) Research has awarded University of Arizona, Tucson, $45,775 for research on meas uring ozone in air. Aberdeen Proving Ground has awarded Hydronaullcs, Inc., Laurel, Md., $39,520 for basic studies on high volume sampling techniques of chemical agents in the atmosphere. HONS 0 3 1 8 2 7 j>cce!nber 1'K \>m _ Altt/WATIB pollutilUt Ttfift. Pl Sib EPA WASTEWATER TREATMENT GRANTS EPA regionet administrators have awarded 46 construc tion |riMi totaling $3,691,519 to hefp finance warir treat ment facilities- Grant Project At: SprtHviitf........... I AH Ukrttrw CAs Amador................. Kin|...................... Point Arena........... 8. Lake Tahoe....... 9,750 11.350 343,875 60,33 5 7,500 89,2*0 Plant planning Plant planning Interceptor Plant design Plant planning Plant planning Tuolumne............ Ft' Gainesville............ ID: Avar*.................... IL: Bureau Junction.... 6,364 300.660 4,836 9,000 Plant planning Plant planning Plant planning Plant planning Oamtanvtlfe Water Dial........... Mount (arroll....... IN: Shfpthcwina......... IA Anita.................... Homaateed............ KS: McPherson............ KY: Calvert City........... Hodgenvillc.......... Jackson................. Louisa.................. Owln|ivllle........... 3,000 11.650 1,925 10.120 7,720 348,250 29,571 22,500 24,144 17,745 18,750 Plant planning Plant planning Plant planning Plant planning Plant planning interceptor Plant planning Plant planning Rant planning Plant planning Rant planning Vfcco... LA- Krolr Springs........ 11,692 3,750 Plant planning Rent planning W. Ouarhlle Sew. Diet........... Ml: Dundee................. Sunfleld................ MO: Goodman.............. Van Buren............ MT: E Helene NH: Durham................ NO: Creedmour............ Hartford Marahail Yanceyvillc........... OH: Clayton................. Cuyahoga Fain..... Fort fanning!........ Summit Cty.......... Rh Coventry.............. TX: Coldiprlnga........... Glen Rose............. Odessa.................. Tya...... UT: Cent* Dale/ Orangeville......... 331.050 19,050 21,300 4,500 9,000 15,000 121,425 33.500 9,7*0 14,492 16,500 23,775 935.400 4.135 547,950 60,000 11,100 197,89 5 27,750 3,652 19,500 Rent design Plant planning Plant planning Plant planning Plant planning Plant planning Plant dtalgn Plant planning Plant planning Rant planning Rant planning Plant planning Plant Plant planning Plant design Rant planning Plant planning Plant Plant plennins Plant planning Rant design WA: Pa Ell.................... WJ: Milwaukee Cty...... It.250 10,725 Plant planning Rant planning WATER RESEARCH GRANTS AND CONTRACTS Environmental Protection Agency hat awarded W.A. Wahkr A Aaaociaioi, Palo Alto, Calif., $299,000 for evaluation of the coat effectiveneu of aquifer dewatering; Unitereity of Chtclnnall, Cincinnati, Ohio, $170,115 to atudy occurrence and effects of or ganics in drinking water mutagenic and carcino genic effects and studies of metabolic activation; American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC., $75,000 for refinery sour water stripper studies; Resources Administration and Development, Inc., Fort Coillngs, Colo., $46,098 to study relevance of water quality control statute^ and administrative agencies to irrigation return flow quality control; University of South Carolina, Columbia, $33,980 to develop standard bioaasay methods for larva) rthopods using flow-through system; Virginia Mason Research Center, Seattle, Wash., $28,134 to develop instrumentation suitable for moni toring of total dissolved gas pressure in natural water*; University of Maryland, College Park, $26,638 to study impact of waterfowl on microbial popu lation of estuaries with special reference to dissem ination of potential human pathogens; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., $24,962 to study impact of waterfowl on microbial population of estuaries with special reference to dis semination of potential human pathogens; University of Rhode Island, Kinpton, $14,500 to develop method for stabilising indicator bacteria in water samples; National Sanitation Foundation $6,000 for con ference on onsite wastewater systems. Office of Naval Research has awarded Bermuda Biological Station for Research, Inc., Si. George's, Bermuda, $39,948 to determine the extent that hydrocarbons in the open ocean are associated with colloids; University of Alaska, Fairbanks, $36,269 for re search to determine quantity and composition of gases entrained in sea ice. * AIR RESEARCH GRANTS AND CONTRACTS Environmental Protection Agency has swarded IIT Research Institute, Chicago, 111. $298,959 for study, to determine the interactions of various ait pollutants on causation of pulmonary disease; Pacific Environmental Sctvices, Inc., Santa Monica, Calif., $94,962 for survey of compliance status and study of sir pollution problems and controls at petroleum refineries; New York University Medical Canter, New York, N.Y., $68,922 for comparative effects of respirable particles, gases and mists using pulmonary function and particle deposition and clearances in donkeys and man as the model for pulmonary irritation; Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, Calif., $60,000 for conceptual design of scrubbing systems for rocket motors; Pedco Environmental Specialists. Cincinnati, Ohio, $60,000 for maintenance plan development for air quality maintenance area in EPA Region VIII; APT, Inc., San Diego, Calif., $55,349 to study effects of high temperature and pressure on particle collection mechanisms; California Institute of Technology. Pasadena, $49,851 to conduct modeling of plumes from multi ple cooling towers; Institut fur Aerobiologie der FraunhoferGesellschaft, West Germany, $34,000 to design and test the performance of an aerosol mats distribution monitor; Automotive Testing Laboratoriaa, Inc., Denver, Colo., $26,000 for study on the effectiveness of an air-bled/exhaust gas recirculation retrofit. Office of Naval Research has awarded University of Arizona, Tucson, $45,775 for research on meas uring ozone in air, Aberdeen Proving Ground has awarded Hydronautlcs, Inc., Laurel, Md., $39,520 for basic studies on high volume sampling techniques of chemical agents in the atmosphere. HONS 031028