Document gDqG4REv367djVGk8arVrwBYL

EVOLUTICS! OF PAINT AND OTHER HIOTGCTIVS COATINGS Tho us c of paint as a decorative and protective coating has come to us down through the ages from prehistoric tines* Noah "pitched the ark" within and without - Genesis 6-lij. There are other references to paint in the scriptures* Its use for decoration and picture painting began ouch earlier in Altinira* Spain and other locations in Western Europe where remarkable pictures have been found which wore drown by cavemen possibly 25,000 years ago* These prehistoric pictures are real masterpieces and are far superior to pictures of battles and hunting scenes on the vails of Babylon erected about 2500 years B.C.* and wall paintings found in tombs in Thebes dating from 1500 B.C. In the British Museum tro many snsunies elaborately decorated, the old est of these is that of Menkara who lived about 1*000 years B.C* Many beautifully painted things were found in the tomb of King Tutankhaaen where they had lain undisturbed for 3300 years* These references sea to establish the use of paint at least 1*000 years before the coming of Christ* In New England are many frame houses which have been keep in good con dition as long as 300 years through continued protection by good paint* Among the best of these arei 161*6 1660 1680 1680 1680 - Noyes House* Newbery Port* Maes* - 3asmel Clarke House - Newport* Bhode Island - Pardee Morris House - Hew Hsr a* Conn* - Edward Devotion House - Brookline* Mess* - George Bradfield House - Kingston* Mess* Beyond those there are many others from ICO to 200 years old* One of the best examples of paint protection ia George Washington's home at Mount "Vernon. See the attached booklet by Lonare Kent* "Armour Against Tine". This fine old mansion great ly suffered for lack of attention up to about 1856 when a group of women organised the Mount Vernon Ladies Association to care for this estate. Washington's home records indicate that Mount Vernon was paint ed with white lead thinned with "oyla" and turpentine* Before the paint wee dry tho painter was to sprinkle white send on it so as to stake it look like stone* At the above time practically ell the paint used ves mixed up by the painter fro%njtaaxy raw materials* vhito boing made by the method just described. The first odSfaring of a prepared paint was by e man named Ouarteman in Hew Toxic in 181*2* Hie had been a practical painter beginning in 1827 and later gave up this profession and established e paint store selling paint in cans. Being made of white lead at that time* the paint naturally set very hard end was very difficult to stir up. In i860 the W&terall Company of Philadelphia also tataredildto the manufacture and sale of prepared paint* Heckal records Waterall's statement to the effect that he "put up point in pint to one-gallon cans and illustrated some with color cards." This was probably the first color card of the industry* 0007-SWP-000007335 2 Os July 16, 186? D. R. Avetrill of Kewburg, Ohio (suburb of Cleveland) receired patent No. 66773 on a paint compound in ready-mixed fora. Reea&rch developed"-that Avexill sued other manufacturers for infringing on his patent* Tha courts decided that the work of Quarternan, Waterell, and others did not in fringe. and thus definitely established that 181*2 was the date of the earliest manufacture of prepared paint in the United States* The above facts were revealed through research by Mr. Heckel scree years after the publication of his booh entitled, "The Paint Industry*, in 1928, The paint made on Avert11*a patented fannula was of such poor quality that painters soon developed well-deserved prejudice against any prepared mixture. This prejudice still survives to same extent and many painters think that lead and oil is the very best paint. Sven the National Dead Company until November, 19h6 stated in their advertising that Dutch Boy White Dead oted with linseed oil was the vary bast paint. For sene months they did not advertise at all and then came out with an advertising campaign extolling the virtue of a new paint made with blended pigment containing lead, dac, and titanium. This paint might have been "new" for them, but the paint industry had been supplying paint made with lead and sine sines i860 and lead. Bine, and titanium Since about 192C. The U. S. Government decided about 19lt0 that lead, sine, titanium paint was the best for painting exterior wooden buildings, Cciacidcnt-with the davulopuiant of exterior house paint, maay ettiempafnts- fog-such- usee wage offwed. The Sherwin-Williams Co. offered the first high-grade exterior point in i860. Among other things it was recommended for floors, but slow-drying made it not altogether satisfactory. In 188U The SherwinWilliams Co. first introduced special floor paint which "dried over night". In 1896 Sherwin-WllH ana developed a complete line of prepared flat interior wall paints. In 1903 a line of interior enamels was introduced modified with oil to facilitate the brushing quality. Coincident with the development of new products for household use. Hie 5herwiri-Wi.IH.sms Co. were making special paints fear railways, steamships, bridges, agricultural implements and many other industrial products. In 1875 W. II. Glover, one of the partners who was Bellirg paints to implement manu facturers, developed a oothod of dipping irregular shaped objects into a tank of liquid jaaint, allowing the surplus to drain back into the tank, . Up to about 1920 there were many varieties of prepared paints, enamels, and varnishes produced to suit special requirements. At the close of World War I in 1917-18, the duFont Company found themselves with large chemical plants which had become idle through dLscontinuirg the production of explosives. Casting about for some other produet to occupy this equipment they experimented with celluloid and other nitro-cellulose compounds. At that time special ingredients wars used only in lacquers for coating brass, etc. Research developed a formula which would carry the pigment and also so modified as to be more elastio and have better wear ing qualities. About the seme time the automobile industry found tint the painting of ears proved to be a bottleneck In their production. Oars were then painted with a coat of primer, four or five coats of rough stuff filler, one or two coats of flat color*;* coat of color and varnish, and a final finishing varnish. It took about three weeks to paint a car. 0007-SWP-000007336 -> DuPont research had developed sufficiently by 1920 to prodice a pigmented lacquer* It wee tried on the Oakland ears In 1925 year* It was found to be entirely satisfactory and in 192h was adopted as a standard on all Oakland oars* By 1925 practically all ears were finished with lacquer and thus EDuco" became the standard automobile finish* About the same time ShcndLn-WlIlia.-aa were devoting research to tills same problem and Opex lacquer far automobiles was developed in 1922* This development of lacquer took business away from the oil* varnish* and enamel manufacturer* and to save his product* research developed a "four* hour" enamel which was found more satisfactory than lacquer for some parts of automobiles* These conditions brought about the development of synthetic varnishes* it being found that the natural resin varnishes could not be produced satis factorily or in sufficient quantity to take care of the greatly increasing demand* These synthetic Tarnishes are very superior in quality of working* drying* and durability and economy* and consequently natural resin Tarnishes have almost disappeared frcra the market* Ingenuity of the paint manufacturer and the requlrments of industrial manufacturers have brought about the development of a wide variety of entirely new product*. These are made to specially resist the corrosive action. of chem icals* to provide better and harder finishes on furniture* and one thousand and one special conditions* Sherwin-Williams has been the leader in several of these developments* Among thm are the following Edmaneo* a lacquer to apply a two-tone affect with one coat to furniture anil appliances* . Heetclad* hot spray lacquer greatly minimising the thinner necessary to produce spraying consistency* This also qjplies in one operation a protective coating equivalent to that resulting from two coats of the lacquer* Homoclad* a finishing system for wood furniture canUning the primer end finishing coat in one operation* Day-Glo and a great many other special products* Continuing research and development ere applied to satisfying demands from the consumers for special purposes* Also* many new products are developed through ingenuity of the foxnmlators* 9/3C/52 0007-SWP-000007337