Document gDZkyM9OLQabd9rD4DjZJ8yLV

FILE NAME: Kelly Moore (KM) DATE: 1974 Jan 2 DOC#: KM020 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Letter from Johns-Manville RE Dec 1973 Seminar Asbestos & Health with Attached Presentation Johns-ManvPv Sales Corporation Greenwood Plaza Denver, Colorado 80217 (303)770-1000 January 2, 1974 Dear Customer: We were pleased that you could participate with us recently in our short seminar on Asbestos and Health. We hope the presentation was as beneficial from your point of view as it was from ours. Since those meetings in Los Angeles and San Francisco in early December, we have had a number of requests for transcipts of the presentations made by our Johns-Manville team. In light of those requests we have prepared transcripts of each talk and are sending a full set to each of the people who attended the meetings. In addition, we are sending a set to each of the people who unfortunately were unable to attend as planned. We hope this material will prove useful to you. Of course, if you have any questions regarding any of the topics covered or not covered in our presentations, we would be pleased to hear from you and will make every effort to provide answers as soon as possible. Thank you again for your participation and your interest. Yours very truly, K M 1002 Asbestos and Health Presentation December 3 and 4, 1973 Asbestos and Health Presented by w. 3. Reitze Manager,.Accident Preventionand Industrial Health Asbestos and Health Presentation December 3 and 4, 1973 Introductory Remarks by: F. J. Solon, Jr. Vice President, Environmental Affairs Johns-Manville Corporation KM 01014 CUSTOMER PRESENTATIONS December 3' and 4, 197-3 Remarks; F. J. Solon, Jr. Vice President, Environmental Affairs Johns-Manville Corporation Good morning, gentlemen. We're,very glad to be with yuv .. We'll plunge right into our subject because we have a lot of ground to cover "and we're mindful of the fact that your'time is a very valuable commodity. Our subject is asbestos and health. It's a subject we feel we know quite a bit about and we want very much in this meeting to transmit'as much of that knowledge to you as we can..... Our J - M .team of presenters are all competent people who have been involved in this field -for a long time. I believe they'll be able to answer most of your questions - and we are willing to stay right here until 'the' last question' is'"answered; We are going to attempt to give you not the other side of the asbestos-health question, rather the perspective ... in its proper context and based on hard facts. 5- the material is brought up the bronchial tree so it can.be removed ~ in some cases swallowed, in others, spit out. So, we have discussed two dust collection systems. The first is the hairs in the nasal passages, the second is the cilia system. There is a third, called the macrophage system, which we'll discuss later. Now a word about the site of the diseases -- where they usually occur. First, we have asbestosis-- which is one of the pneumocniosis diseases. There are several diseases that fall into the category of pneumoconiosis. Siderosis is one which is caused by the inhalation of fumes or dust containing iron particles... silicosis is caused by inhalation of free silica (or quartz) dust... anthracosis, commonly known as black lung disease, is caused by inhalation of coal dust., byssinosis is caused by excessive inhalation of cotton fiber dust... and of course, asbestosis which is caused by the inhalation of asbestos dust. These are all pneumoconiosis. They are non-malignant-- non-cancerous-- pulmonary abnormalities. Although these diseases can occur anywhere in the lungs, they usually occur in the lower lobe, and both lungs could be affected, and usually are. -6- The next disease that can be caused Jby asbestos, smoking and a few other things is bronchogenic cancer. Nov; just the mere mention of the word cancer is enough to frighten many people, and it is the kind of sensational headline word the press often likes to latch onto. Bronchogenic cancer, while it can occur any place in the lungs, usually develops at the major junctions of the bronchioles ~ up in the central part of the bronchial tree. Bronchogenic cancer is caused by many agents including asbestos. One of the leading causes of bronchogenic cancer among both asbestos workers and non-asbestos workers is cigarette smoking. The third disease is called mesothelioma ~ which is another form of cancer. It affects the lining of the pleural cavity, or it may affect the lining of the peritoneum -- which is another name for the lining of the abdominal cavity. ~ Mesothelioma is by far the most serious of the three, diseases I've described. It is 100% &tal, and there is no treatment for it. Death usually occurs in 18 months. It is, however, an extremely rare disease. It is not caused solely by asbestos. There are other agents which cause mesothelioma -- in fact, there are now more cases of mesothelioma listed in the world registries where asbestos has not been involved_than there are cases where I'm sure anyone who uses asbestos fiber in his plant and who reads the popular newspapers or magazines must have asked himself at one time -- what's the truth behind all this talk of asbestos and health hazards. Unfortunately, the popular press is out to sell papers and usually presents the sensational side of a question. But there is another side -- the medical scientific press -- which is mainly there to convey knowledge and usually presents the more factual side of health questions. While there are two sides of this question -- the sensational and the factual -- there remains but one question that is important to all of you: Can asbestos cause a health problem? In all honesty, we may say yes. Asbestos can cause health problems if it is improperly used or improperly handled. If an employee or person is subjected to_high levels or air borne asbestos dust in the air he breathes, serious health problems can result. But, if the person is protected -- if the normal, prudent dust control systems which we will discuss later are instituted -- a person's health can be safeguarded and he or she can still work with asbestos fiber. Just about everything has a dose relationship when it comes to health, and asbestos is no exception. Every product we use in our plants, every product we use in our homes, -2- is potentially dangerous. It doesn't matter what it is -- whether it is asphalt or asbestos in our plants, or whether it is cooking flour or table salt in our homes. They are all potentially dangerous substances if improperly used. But properly used, they can be of great benefit in our everyday life and in our industrial processes. m Yes, there is a safe level for exposure to asbestos -- very definitely a safe level -- and this is what we have come to talk about. This level is one which a person can be exposed to and yet suffer no ill health effects. There are other questions I'm sure you would like to have answered: How was this safe level established... what diseases are caused by asbestos over-exposure... are there different health risks from the different types of asbestos? We'll discuss those and the biological reaction of human tissue to asbestos fiber. But, before doing that, I think it would be wise to briefly review some of the anatomy of the respiratory system. SLIDE The air we breathe enters through these passageways, in the nose, down into the trachea, which is the round -3- The trachea separates into two main-passageways, called the bronchi -- a left and a right -- and the bronchi in turn get smaller and smaller as they go down the bronchial tree. They just keep dividing into smaller passageways until they reach the bronchioles... and then later a portion of the respiratory., system known as the alveoli. SLIDE We often refer to the respiratory system components as part of the bronchial tree, and you can see why it is called a tree. Here again, we see the same trachea-- the left and right bronchi -- and how it divides gradually. This is a very important urea to remember when we talk about the formation of disease later. SLIDE I mentioned that the small passageways terminate event ually into alveoli. That's what we have here... these bulb-like structures are called alveoli, and here is where all the action takes place as far as our respiratory system is concerned. These small * structures are encapsulated with minute capillaries -- blood vessels -- and it is here where the oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. Incidentally, there are 750 million of these small alveoli in the human lungs. 4 This again is important to rememberwhen we talk later about disease destroying these alveoli. Since we have 750 million of these small.structures, several thousand, even several million can be destroyed without any adverse effect upon a person's normal respiration. SLIDE This part of the human respiratory system is what we refer to as a garbage collection system -- our own filtration system. It begins with the small hairs in the end of your nose. These are pre-filters -- they filter out the larger asbestos fibers, the larger particles of dust, or anything else you might inhale. This area here, in the inner nasal passages, and down into the trachea into the smallest bronchioles, are lined with what are called ci-lial cells. These are small cells with a whiplike structure protruding from the. top. There are literally millions of these cells lining this particular cavity, and their function in this waste filtration system is to sweep the dust you inhale out up from the lower depth of the bronchioles, all the way up the trachea,-and out, so they can be removed by expectoration. These cilial cells are coated with a mucous-like layer which catches the dust'particles. With the_sweeping motion, Page 4 Today, products containing asbestos are in our hones, schools, factories, offices, hospitals, theaters, spacecraft ... and I could go on and on. The point is ... there is no one material that can outperform asbestos economically or in quality in the majority of these applications ... and indeed, there are many products that, without asbestos, could not be made at all nor could they do the job they were intended to do. Asbestos fiber is more in demand today than ever before, and we have expanded our mining and milling facilities again to meet that demand. Yet ... even the .$75 million we just finished spending on a new mill at our Jeffrey Mine in Canada is not going to enable us to provide asbestos fast enough to meet all the demands of all our customers. We'll get there ... but we are finding the pace a little faster than we expected. Now let's talk the health problem ... and let me be quite, frank. No matter what has been said nor how much has been learned about the asbestos-health problem, we d i d n 't have to do anything. We could have just sat back, continuing to sell as much fiber as we could deliver, and let the other guy, the government, or someone else worry about the health problem and what to do about it. Yes, we could have done that. Page 5 But, gentlemen we didn't ... and we--never will. And that's Fact Two. For the last half-century ... from the first indications that there was a health problem involving workers who inhaled too much asbestos dust ... we have taken the initiative. We didn't wait for someone to tell us what the health risks were ... we sought them out. And, J-M wasn't the only company to take action ... the asbestos industry as a whole has been active in asbestos health research both here and abroad for some time. Together, we have- funded and encouraged a great many studies. We have worked with Federal, State and Local governments in eliminating problems and setting appropriate exposure standards. And, at our own J-H Research laboratories in Denver, we are not only conducting research into asbestos, but into many other materials. In addition, we frequently cooperate with other researchers and groups by supplying fiber samples for study. In short, gentlemen, we have always put" our money where our corporate conscience was. Page 2 We won't insult you by contending we're not biased on this`subject. But ... let me assure you from the start that this is not going to.-be a propaganda session. We have nothing to gain by trying to hide the facts or cover them with meaningless rebuttals. At Johns-Manville, we firmly believe that while it is dangerous to pretend there is no problem and do nothing, it is just as dangerous to pretend the the problem is so great that total abstinence is the only cure. Our customers ... and indeed your customers, can ill afford to live with either extreme. Between the time any health problem is identified and the time a cure or final solution is found, there is always a period of prevention and control. That is the period in which we find ourselves now. And, it may well be that prevention and control will be the cure in this instance. We already have indications to that effect. Now, those are concepts, and what you want are facts. Let's start with three Page 3 Fact O n e : Johns-Manvilie is the leading producer of asbestos and asbestos-containing products in the U.S. ... although this still accounts for less than half of our multinational business. We know, better than anyone else I would imagine, how indispensable asbestos has become in our modern society. You've probably heard that asbestos now is used in some 3,000 different products worldwide ... most of them in daily use. Speaking .of asbestos, let's make sure we review the facts on our main character. Asbestos is the name given a family of fibrous minerals -- not one forr. or one product. These minerals have occurred naturally in our environment for as long as our planet has been in existence. Characteristically asbestos minerals are resistant to extremes of heat and cold, are flexible, lightweight, and durable, as you know. There are four commercially significant varieties of asbestos-.in use today -- and one variety, chrysotile asbestos, accounts for 97% of all the fiber used in the 9 United States. The other commercials forms of asbestos are crocidolite, amosite and anthophyllite .. and it is important to remember that these three forms differ from chrysotile physically and chemically as well as in use. Page 6 We weren't always happy with what we. learned. Frankly, no one"likes to learn that because of a lack of knowledge not just on their part, but on the part of the medical-scientific community, labor and govern ment, that the health of some employees was unknow ingly endangered. But ... neither did we hide from the fact once it was known ... and that brings me to Fact Three. J-M also has been a leader in cleaning up ... in controlling those occupational hazards we helped identify. When the equipment did not exist to control a certain situation, we developed it. In fact, some of the equipment and systems we developed to control our problems are now being used by other industries with similar problems. We have a coprorate policy at J-M ... a policy that has been quite widely publicized ... and one which we all live by. Since it puts what I have been telling you in perspective, bear with me while I quote it: Page 7 "It is our Company's policy to equip our plants for the highest degree''of personal safety ... provided it is technically possible and economically feasible to do so. "When technology is not available .. or when it is not feasible economically from a competitive standpoint to make these installations/ I can assure you we will elect to discontinue a particular operation rather than knowingly endanger the health or life expectancy of a single employee." We believe in this philosophy. We believe that you must agree with this philosophy or you wouldn 't be here today ... to listen/ to learn, to discuss. You want to know what the asbestos-health question is all about and what it means to you. You want to know how to control occupational hazards, how to comply with new regulations. You want to know, I'm sure, what J-M has done to make your job easier as well as what we are doing and are willing to do for you. in the -future. Page 8 Those are the areas that our four speakers will address themselves to this morning. Afterwards we'11 open up the meeting for your- questions. Ed Fenner, who is Director of Technical Relations in our Environmental Affairs Department, will discuss OSHA and EPA standards. He'll tell you what the standards are, and what they mean to you. He'll also tell you what you might expect in the future, and what we and the industry are doing to strike an acceptable balance between extremism- on both ends of the spectrum. Ed, a 33-year veteran with J-M, earned a B.S. -degree in Mechanical Engineering from Worcester Polytechnic Institute in Massachusetts. Prior to this assign ment, he was Director of Environmental Control for the company, and had all of our industrial hygiene laboratories under his direction. After Ed, you'll hear from Noel Hendry, who is vice president of Johns-Manville Sales Corporation and general sales manager for Asbestos Fiber. A 24-year veteran with Johns-Manville, Noel earned an engineer ing degree from the University of British Columbia and a master's degree in geology from Cal Tech. He, of course, is responsible for all of us being here today. -- . Page 9 Noel will focus on a topic I'm sure is of interest ... what J-M is doing to eliminate any dust problem for you -- our customers. You'll find that we have done a lot and are willing to do a lot more to help you with your particular situation. Next, you'll hear from Don Hillier, our Director of Environmental Engineering. Don earned an engineering degree from the University of Michigan and began his career with the Armstrong Cork Company as an industrial engineer. At J-M, he has progressed through a number of production engineering positions to his present assignment as head of Environmental Engineering. With this background, Don is well qualified to discuss the various fiber handling methods we have developed within J-M and how they can be applied to your individual situations. I'm sure Don is going to tell you that dust problems not only can be controlled, but that in most cases, the equipment, technology and expertise are available now. Our first speaker is Bill Reitze, Corporate Manager 0 of Accident Prevention and Industrial Health for Johns-Manville. Page 10 Bill Reitze's knowledge is well-recognized in the health field ... he holds a degree in bio-chemistry and has done graduate work in physiology. And he has had extensive experience in medical research, toxicology and industrial hygiene. Let me now give the podium to Bill Reitze -- . -7- SLIDE Getting back to the cilial system, since it is extremely important that we discuss our built-in defenses against dust. In this microscopic section showing the cilia, you will note the hair-like whips which sweep the dust particles that adhere to the mucous layers up and out of the body. SLIDE In. this oversimplification of the bronchial tree, you can see small outpouchings. Usually, asbestosis starts here in these small outpouchings. SLIDE Now about the biological reaction to asbestos fiber. When an asbestos fiber is inhaled into the body -- and this applies to many other types of fibers -- a few things can happen. Either the fiber is encapsulated in what we refer to as macrophages, or giant cells, and becomes coated. It becomes what some call an asbestos b o d y f but is more scientifically referred to as an ferruginous body. The other alternative is that it remains in a naked state -- uncoated. If the fiber is encapsulated and becomes a ferruginous body, then the fiber, for all intents and purposes is harmless. If the fiber remains in a naked state, then a biological reaction may.begin.: you get cell proliferation -- an almost uncontrolled, growth of"cells. Collagen is formed, which is another name for scar tissue, similar to what you get on a cut. When collagen forms in the lungs, it destroys the tissue -- you no longer have a functioning unit, there is no more exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Your vital capacity in this case is greatly reduced -- your lungs can't hold as much air as they did before be cause these alveoli have been destroyed. Because this vital capacity is reduced, you also alter your bloodgas exchange, and the overall effect is poor ventilation and belabored breathing. How do we spot this in a patient -- what are the symptoms? It's done two ways. One is_by x-ray, where several views of the chest are taken. The physician, looking at the x-ray, can spot various types of shadows, all of which will mean something to the trained radiologist. The physical symptoms are unusual noises called rales, which the physician can hear with the aid of a stetho scope. Rales can be caused by bronchitis, colds, pneumonia and a number of other things besides asbestosis. Another physical symptom is clubbed fingers. Why this occurs is a mystery. It may be caused by the alternation in blood gas exchange. Continuing on asbestosis, the first noticeable signs usually are that a person gets very tired on exertion and has difficulty breathing. As far as bronchogenic cancer is concerned, the biological mechanisms in the development of this disease are not really that well understood. It is a cancer, like mesothelioma. When we unlock the mysteries of these diseases, as well as other forms of cancer, I'm sure we all will be very happy. SLIDE Now, about the different types of asbestos and their roles. Chrysotile, as I mentioned is the most used form of the fiber in this country, and comes mainly from Canada. It is usually referred to as the white fiber. We have crocidolite -- or blue fiber -- which is found largely in Africa. The third major type of fiber is amosite, or brown fiber, again found mostly in Africa. SLIDE ~ There are chemical differences in the types of asbestos, nH the most significant one is in the magnesium, content as you see here, chrysotile has 38% magnesium, while crocidolite and amosite have virtually no magnesium. -10- This is a major chemical difference in the fiber types. Anthophyllite, which is used in plastic reinforcement and is.largely supplied by Finland, is similar to chrysotile in chemical composition and from a biological point of view as well. The important thing to remember is that the usage in the United States is primarily chrysotile asbestos. SLIDE The physical difference in the fibers make a very big difference in the biological reaction of the fiber to the human tissue. In this 400 magnification of crocidolite -- the blue fiber -- we notice that the fiber is rod shaped.. The size differential is tremendous -- they go from particles Less than one micron in length up to 50-60 microns -- all harsh, very rigid fibers. Amosits has basically the same physical characteristics. SLIDE Now, when we look at chrysotile, we notice there are some differences in the type of fiber. This.is Canadian chrysotile from our Jeffrey mine. Notice how flowing these fibers are, how they resemble wool in their appearance They are not rigid rods such as the other types, particular! the crocidolite. SLIDE Now, what does this mean in terms of* biological effect on the lung tissue. Again, in this schematic of the bronchial system, we see a harsh fiber like crocidolite and here the softer fiber like chrysotile -- both approximately the same diameter and length. Yet, when we inhale the harsh fiber, it tends to zip right down the bronchial passageway. However, chrysotile, because of its wavy-like appearance, actually presents a larger fiber diameter, and these fibers tend to impinge on the sides of the smaller broncioles, where they are brought up by the cilia systems so the body can get rid of them. Therefore, the physical characteristics of a fiber are extremely important in relation to its biological reaction. In order to cause pulmonary disease, a fiber or particle must penetrate deeply into the lungs. In order for a particle to penetrate deeply into' the lungs, it must be below 3-1/2 microns in diameter. In the case of a fiber, the diameter must be below 3-1/2 microns but the length can be considerably above that figure. SLIDE It was with that thought in mind that investigators decided 0 to find out if there is a difference between the clearance rate in lungs of the various types of fiber. This study was undertaken with a group of rats, which were exposed to known concentrations of the fibers. One group of rats was exposed for 30 days to crocidolite, another to amosite, and another one to chrysotile. At the end of 30 days, some of the rats were sacrificed, and an estimation made of the amount of asbestos fiber in the lungs of these animals. These figures show the amount present at the end of 30 days' exposure. m Thirty days later, another group of these same rats was sacrificed and the amount of fiber measured. An then, 30 days later, the third group of rats were sacrificed. From this graph you can see that the results of this study showed that chrysotile is more readily cleared from the lungs than either amosite or crocidolite. SLIDE I mentioned that another of the cleaning mechanisms in the body are the macrophages -- which are large cells that encapsulate the fiber as-it enters the tissue. This is what they, look like. By process of encapsulation, the formation of asbestos bodies -- or ferruginous bodies -- takes place. SLIDE Here we have a more advanced stage of the disease in a guinea pig. We can see the beginnings of the disease in these outpouchings -- which I described earlier. SLIDE A natural progression again is shown in this- slide. The darkly stained areas are where the disease is beginning to develop, destroying these small structures I pointed out before. As I said, we have so many million of them, you can destroy a few and not even know it. SLIDE Here, we have further destruction of this particular tissue. Collagen is beginning to form, and once this area is covered by scar tissue, the normal respiratory function ceases in that particular area. SLIDE _ Here we have further formation of collagen or scar tissue. Looking closely, we can see small black lines, which are the fibers -- in this case, about one micron in length. These are crocidolite fibers. -14 SLIDE Now, asbestos bodies in themselves are not harmful. Once the fibers have been coated, they become harmless from a biological point of view. This is what an asbestos body looks like. In this case, we are talking about an asbestos fiber, but it can be any type of fiber ' around which an iron-rich protein substance is formed. SLIDE Here we see the inner fiber coated with iron-rich protein. SLIDE Now, about dosage standards. How-do we know that the federal regulations of five fibers per cc now, are the safe levels? This chart was taken from the study of Dr. Corbett McDonald, who is head of the Department of Epidemiology at McGill University in Canada. He did'a survey of almost 10,000 Canadian miners and millers of asbestos in Quebec's eastern townships. Two separate groups were used, one at Thetford mines, and the other at our Jeffrey mine operations in Asbestos, Canada. almost identical. The results are 0 -15- In analyzing these figures, we see McDonald used both the number of years of exposure and the exposure level itself. Some investigators use only one or the other, but most epidemiologists believe that unless you use both the exposure level and the number of years at that particular exposure level, your figures are not valid. Dr. McDonald uses both here. Dr. McDonald's work clearly illustrates that the ill health effects of asbestos exposure are not seen until . the exposure levels exceed 20 to 40 fibers per cc. SLIPS Again, this is a chart adapted from Dr. McDonald's study, and again we see the death rate is insignificant until we get up to higher levels, where we really have some significant health changes. This is how we have established that the five fibers per cc level is safe. SLIDE Here we have a comparison of three studies. The first, of 632 insulation workers -- a very small study was done by Dr. Irving Selikoff of Mount Sinai Hospital in # New York. These workers were exposed to Canadian chrysotile, amosite,' and crocidolite, plus they were exposed to solvents and other dusts. These are the men that cover the pipes, and ducts with asbestos insulation materials. -16- The second study was done by Dr. Molly Newhouse in England, and involved factory workers only. Again, the factory workers here were exposed to three different types of asbestos but probably not the mixed dust and solvents to which the pipe workers were. The last study is Dr. McDonalds -- 9,981 people -- a population that was exposed only to Canadian chrysotile. It is significant that when we look at the rate of lung cancer and mesothelioma in these different groups, you can see that the higher rates of these diseases were in. groups exposed either to all three types of asbestos and other materials, or all three types of asbestos alone. When we look at the figures for those workers exposed only to Canadian chrysotile, we see quite a difference. The percentages are very low -- almost nil on mesothelial tumors. SLIDE _________________ - This study revealed some significant facts. It is adopted from Dr. Phillip Enter lines study of a group of Johns-Manville retirees from our operations all around the country. The significance here is that it wasn't our production workers who had the heaviest ex posure, rather our maintenance service workers -- the people who sweep the floors, maintain the dust collection systems, repair broken bags, and so on. They will have a heavier exposure, and therefore, should be carefully -17- ins stress here, thaL all these deaths X hive been talking about -- from asbestosis, bronchogenic cancer and mesothelioma -- are the result of exposures that took place, 20r 30 or 40 years ago, before we knew there were any problems -- and before the medical scientific community, labor and government realized the severity of the problems. These diseases, particularly mesothelioma, have a long latent period. They take many, many years to develop even the first symptoms. SLIDE Here we get an idea of what good dust controls can do to solve the problem. This is a study done by Dr. John Knox, who was medical director for Turner Brothers in England. In this particular plant there was no dust control at all until 1933", when_they decided to install dust control equipment. He divided- his plant population into three groups. Group one had over 10 years work experience in this one plant prior to any installation of dust control equipment. Group two were those who had some exposure prior to 19 33 -- prior to dust control installations -- but less than 10 years. Group 3 had no exposure prior to 1933- and the installation of dust control, equipment. However, all of these people had at least 30 years exposure -- $ either with or without controls. " Now, in the group with the heaviest exposure before controls they expected to have about 10 deaths, but in reality they ha<y 1^. /In group two, with some heavy exposure prior tb-edntrols, they expected 8.4 deaths and they got 6. And in the last group, which worked only in the plant after dust control equipment had been installed, we see that while they expected-to have 5 deaths from lung cancer, they only had two So we can see that dust control equipment does pay off and from this study, we can see that the results are dramatic. You can protect the lives of your people by the use of dust control equipment. SLIDE - Another important point is that smoking and asbestos just do not mix. In this adaptation of Dr. Selikoff's work, it is significant that the cases of bronchogenic cancer all were in asbestos workers who also smoked cigarettes. Those asbestos workers who did not smoke cigarettes had no greater rate of bronchogenic cancer than the normal non-smoking population. Based on these hard facts about the co-carcinogen effect of smoking and asbestos dust inhalation, we at'Johns-Manville have done all that we could to discourage smoking among # our people who work with asbestos.' SLIDE Now, as I conclude, let me say a few words about the difference in asbestos products. I 'm sure you are getting questions from your own customers -- such as: Will this product be harmful to the end user? Basically, asbestos products fall into two groups -- the bound products and the unbound products. In the unbound products, you do have to be concerned with the generation of dust. In those products that are bound by physical, chemical or thermal means, there is little cause for concern since the normal use of these products will not release significant amounts of asbestos fiber into the ambient air. SLIDE What all this means can be summed up in a very few words.. First of all, we must realize that asbestos can cause some very severe health problems if the proper steps are not taken to reduce the exposure of the individual. But these health risks can be controlled. There is a safe exposure level for a s b e s t o s . i t can be handled safely... it can be used by the end user -- the consumer -- safely. I think most of the responsible medical-scientific people in the country today feel that the levels that have been established by the Federal government" under OSKAfive fibers per cc time-weighted average, and 10 fibers per cc peak average -- are safe levels for any employee. And that includes all the diseases I mentioned. All these diseases sure preventable if .proper dust control measures are .taken. Asbestos and Health Presentation December 3 and 4, 1973 Fibre Handling Systems Presented By: N. W. Hendry Vice President, Johns-Manville Sales Corp General Manager, Asbestos Fibre Division Johns-Manville Corporation ASBESTOS & HEALTH PRESENTATION BY N. W. Hendry My subject is Asbestos Fiber Handling. In addition, I will show you some of the things we have done and are doing at Jeffrey Mine in this regard. By way of introduction and since I will be speaking of the Jeffrey Mine, here are some of the major features: Slide 1: The Jeffrey Mine is the largest producer of asbestos in the world, with annual production in excess of 650,000 tons annually. It is located approximately 100 miles east of Montrea in Asbestos, Quebec, Canada. The Jeffrey open pit is over 1 mile in diameter and 950 ft. deep. For six'days a week some 35,000 tons of ore are hauled to the crusher and more than 100,000 tons of waste rock and overburden are hauled to th waste dump. Slide 2: This is mill 5 with the fiber storage warehouse in the foreground. Mill 5 is 12 stories high and has 20 primary rock processing lines. Slide*3: Slide 4: This is an overhead view of the 72" Gyratory crusher which is handling at present 35,000 tons of ore daily. This crusher replaced 4 jaw crushers. This is a view of the upper portion of the concentrator dryer complex. The entire complex is under rigid dust control; note there is no visible emission from the dryer stacks. As you realize, asbestos fibre is very important to our division. We produce and sell upwards of 775,000 tons annually from our 4 mines. Our objectives are to deliver asbestos fibre to our customers in a form and in a manner in which there is no dust problem and such that the employees of our customers have no actual contact with asbestos. Many of the methods and systems which I plan to describe to you today will accomplish these objectives. We are prepared to work closely with your personnel to assist you in the achievement of these same objectives. By way of indicating our confidence in the future of asbestos fibre, we have completed an expenditure of 75 million dollars in re-locating and in expanding our mining equipment at the Jeffrey Mine. Now let me describe Briefly some of t h e t h i n g s we h a v e done and are doing relative to fibre handling. THE BULK TANK CAR We have, in conjunction with the Ford Motor Co., and Procor in Oakville, Ontario, developed a bulk tank car and we have been shipping short asbestos fibre grades in it on a successful basis over the past 3 years. C.J.M. alone spent approximately $150,000 in the development of the car. Slide 5: This car will hold 55 to 57 tons of the fibre grade being supplied to Ford; we have 6 bulk tank cars supplying the Ford plant requirements. Slide 6: This is a schematic of the bulk tank car with a listing of the specifications and working data. We load the car at the mine by pumping the fiber into the 7 compartments. At the receiving location plant, air is attached to the car to fluidize the fiber and cause it to flow into the storage silos. The contained fibre can be pumped out in 4 hours. Slide 7: This is a storage silo at Jeffrey Mine with a capacity of 25 tons. A Vibra screw hopper on the bottom is essential to keep the fiber from packing. Slide 8: This is-a fiber pimp in use at Jeffrey Mine to load the car. There are definite limitations, to this system# including: 1. The length and openness of the fibre. * 2. The capital investment'required - the investment is in the order of $100,000 and on a rule of thumb basis it does not appear practical unless annual usage is in the order of 2000 tons. Advantages of the bulk system, include: 1. No handling of bags. 2. No contact with fiber by personnel. 3. Lower handling costs. 4. East of monitoring dust levels. The entire bulk fibre system at Jeffrey is monitered for dust control and fibre counts are maintained under the 5 fibre/C.C. level. 2. IN-PLANT FIBRE HANDLING SYSTEMS Slide 9: This is a schematic of an in-plant fiber handling system based on equipment developed and tested at Jeffrey Mine. The system'includes a bag breaking station and a fiber pump. The fiber is pumped to the mixers or to weight hoppers. The entire system requiring approximately 3,500 cu. of air. The cost of this system would be in the order of $14,500 plus the cost of piping. Slide 10: We have developed cost estimates-for the installation of a bulk fiber system. The figure of $96,000 is a reasonable estimate. Slide 911: We have talked about a fiber pump, which is a C.J.M. development, but there are other items of equipment on the market which can be used to transport fiber. One such item is the Vanco Blower. This model can move 100 lbs. per minute of GP 7 fiber. We have several such systems at Jeffrey and we axe moving fiber 35 ft. vertically and 2000 ft. horizontally with these units, with the entire operation under dust control. There are two models of this Vanco Blower, ranging in price f?om"$2,000 to $3,000. 3. THE AUTOMATIC BAG OPENER Slide 12: This is an automatic bag opener as developed by the Jeffrey engineers. Slide 13: The operator places pressure packed bags on the feed conveyor and the bags can be paper, cr polyethylene and the machine cuts the bag, automatically dumps the fiber into a chute and deposits the bag at the far end. Slide 14: This part is the bag disposal section. A bag baler-'is under development to automatically bale the empty bags. Slide 15: Here you can see the detail of the dumping mechanism^ The contents of the bag are dumped into a bin and the' empty bag is carried to a disposal station. Dust control requires 800 C.F.M. of aspirating air and dust counts taken through the complete cycle were less than 2 fibers/ C.C. The cost of the machine ranges from $9,900 to $12,500 depending on the various controls specified. Fairmount Engineering, Inc. of Hackettstown, New Jersey has developed a bag opener which appears to have merit, the quoted price is $8,500. 4. IN-PLANT HANDLING SYSTEM Slide 16: This is a fiber handling system employing the bag opener. The-fiber feeds to a Vanco blower. The capacity of this system would be approximate'./ 10 tons per hour. Our estimated cost of this system installed in a plant is $29,000 and that would include a bag baler. 5. FIBER PACKAGING Slide 17: $ Here are our 3 standard types of pressure packed bags being used to package fiber in the domestic market. 1. Standard Kraft multiwall paper. 2. 6 mil polyethylene film. 3. Pulpable Kraft paper multiwall bag. This slide illustrates a very important concept in fiber handling. For example, the pulpable bag was developed for use in the asbestos paper industry so that bag and contents could be dumped into the Hydropulper or vat, thereby eliminating the need to have a man open the bag. In the same w a y , the polyethylene bag is used in the asphalt paving in dustry and in limited cases, in the floor tile industry. A^ain the bag and contents are dumped into the pug mill or mixer. Unfortunately, this concept is limited to suitable .materials .from._which-a~bag can be constructed, as well as the ccmpatabil.'. of the bag composition with the product formulation. 6. UNITIZATION Slide 18 Here we have a 1-ton unit consisting of 45 pressure packed bags. The unit can be shipped on a cardboard deck sheet or a wooden pallet and the bags can be glued locked. Similar units of one or two tons can be shipped if required. Slide 19: Shows the same unit covered by shrink polyethylene; we have the equipment a t J e f f r e y - to shrink poly film if our customers r e q u e s t i t . # Unitized shipments of asbestos fiber in bags glue locked on wooden pallets, with or without shrink poly, suffer l e s s damage and undergo less shifting in a car than any other m ethod 7. THE ASSIGNED CAR In seeking added measures to insure improved condition of arrival of asbestos in bags, we have developed the "assigned car" plan. Over the past 18 months approximately 450 cars, each 40 ft. long with double doors have been in assigned service to J.M. plants in the United States. Under this concept, we unitize and glue lock the pressure packed bags on wooden pallets and employ inflatable dunnage to stabiize the load. Slide 20: This is an assigned gar loaded with bagged units, on wooden pallets with inflatable dunnage. Slide 21: Here you can see the inflatable dunnage in more detail; there are two bags _in each car. Slide 22: Here are the wooden pallets in more detail. They are heavy duty, double faced, four way entry style, hardwood pallets. Our experience over tRA period of 18 months has been excellent, whereby the condition of arrival of the asbestos shipments has been greatly improved over previous standards, A limited number of these assigned cars fully equipped with inflatable dunnage bags and pallets are available for test shipments. If after receiving a trial shipment you decide to accept this new concept, we estimate it will take approximately 6 months to acquire the necessary cars and dunnage. Our experimental work on improved asbestos fibre handling systems is continuing in two directions. 8. HIGH DENSITY BLOCKS Slide 23: Shows a compressed block of fiber measuring 9" x 12" x 16" with a density of 100 lbs./cu. ft. For comparison, is a standard pressure packed bag of fiber having a density of 50 lbs./cu. ft; The blocks are dust free and our evaluation work to-date with a large paper manufacturer is most encouraging. Slide 24: This is a 1-ton of compressed'asbestos blocks on a wooden pallet and covered by shrink poly. Slide 23: Here for comparison, are an equal weight of pressure packed bags and compressed blocks. Note the difference in cubic content. In addition, we have -developed a compressed paper pallet which is under evaluation for asbestos in paper use. We have engineered and built a packer to produce compressed blocks but more time will be required before blocks can be 4 termed a production item. 9. PELLETIZED FIBRE Slide 26: Here you see 100 lbs. of pellets loose, the same weight of pellets in a paper bag and for comparison a standard bag containing .100 lb. of pressure packed fiber. We have a Sprout Waldron Pelletizing Machine under evaluation at Jeffrey Mine and have successfully produced pellets with G? 7 fiber grades using water as a binder. Pellets have a loose density of 65 lbs./cu.ft. and they lend themselves admirably to shipment in closed hopper cars or in bags or in other types of containers. They are largely dust free. _ In conclusion, I have outlined the work we have done and are doing in the asbestos fibre division to meet our objective of delivering asbestos fibre to~our customers in a form and in a manner in which there is no dust problem and such that you will have no problem in meeting the OSHA regulations as these relate to asbestos. We will be pleased to work closely with any of your personnel in the development of a fiber handling system that fits yours particular requirements. END -11- Asbestos and Health Presentation * December 3 and 4, 1973 Asbestos Handling Methods Within Johns-Manvilie Presented By: D. E. Hillier Director, Environmental Engineering Johns-Manville Corporation AFO CUSTOMER PRESENTATIONS DON H I L L I E R : ASBESTOS HANDLING METHODS WITHIN JOHNS-MANVILLE GENTLEMEN, I'M SURE ONE OF THE QUESTIONS YOU HAD ON YOUR MIND WHEN YOU CAME HERE TODAY WAS: CAN ASBESTOS FIBER BE SAFELY HANDLED AND USED? THE ANSWER IS Y ES . JOHNS-MANVILLE HAS BEEN IN THE BUSINESS OF HANDLING AS8EST0S FIB ER AND CONTROLLING ASBESTOS DUST -- AS WELL AS MANY OTHER TYPES OF DUST -- FOR MANY Y E A R S ...A N D WE ARE CONTINUALLY DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING BETTER METHODS TO ACCOMPLISH OUR GOALS. S O , OUR YES ANSWER IS NOT JUST WISHFUL THINKING. SO FAR THIS MORNING, YOU' VE HEARD ABOUT THE BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE ASBESTOS-HEALTH S IT U A T IO N .. .ABOUT THE DUST CONTROL STANDARDS OF OSHA AND EPA* -- AND THE STEPS J-M HAS TAKEN TO INSURE DUST FREE SHIPMENTS TO OUR CUSTOMERS. NOW, LET ME TACKLE THE MORE ABSTRACT AREA OF WHAT YOU CAN DO TO CONTROL DUST PROBLEMS IN YOUR OPERATIONS. I SAY ABSTRACT, BECAUSE IT IS IMPOSSIBLE FOR-ME TO KNOW WHAT PROBLEMS YOU HAVE. I T ' S QUITE POSSIBLE YOU HAVE N O N E ...O R YOU MAY HAVE ONES THAT ARE EAS ILY SOLVED BY -2- EXISTING EQUIPMENT ANO TECHNOLOGY.. .O R MAYBE YOUR PROBLEM IS UNIQUE ENOUGH TO REQUIRE SOMETHING THAT DOESN'T YET E X IS T . WHATEVER THE CASE, THE MOST IMPORTANT TASK FACING EACH OF YOU IS TO ID EN T IFY THOSE PROBLEM AREAS, I F ANY, AND THEN DO SOMETHING ABOUT THEM. TO HELP YOU ACHIEVE THAT GOAL, I AM GOING TO OUTLINE SOME OF THE METHODS WE ARE FOLLOWING IN J-M PLANTS TO HANDLE, STORE, AND USE ASBESTOS FIB ER . THEN, I ' L L T E L L YOU HOW JOHNS-M ANYILLE CAN HELP YOU IF YOU HAVE SIMILAR PROBLEMS. NOW, AS I DESCRIBE SOME OF THE THINGS WE HAVE DONE WITHIN OUR PLAN TS, I URGE YOU TO VIEW THEM NOT AS SYSTEMS YOU HAVE TO HAVE TO SOLVE A PROBLEM, BUT AS PRINCIPLES ANO EXAMPLES OF HOW THINGS CAN BE DONE. ALTHOUGH THESE SYSTEMS AND METHODS MEET OUR NEEDS AND MAY NOT MEET YOURS, THE POINT TO REMEMBER-IS' THAT THE TECHNOLOGY IS T H E R E ... IT CAN BE SCALED UP - SCALED DOWN -- OR ALTERED TO MEET YOUR PARTICULAR NEEDS. I ' L L BEGIN AT THE B EG INNING ...W ITH THE UNLOADING OF ASBESTOS FIBER FROM BOX CARS. (S LID E NO. 1 ) . AS NOEL HENDRY N O T ED , EFFORT IS BEING MADE TO OBTAIN MORE LEASED R A IL CARS WITH LARGE DOUBLE DOORS SO THAT FIB ER CAN BE SHIPPED IOCS ON PALLETS WITH IN FLATED DUNNAGE.'..AND THEN UNLOADED AT THE DESTINATION POINT ENTIR ELY BY FORK TRUCKS. LuJ THERE ARE FOUR BASIC RULES THAT SHOULD BE APP LIED TO UNLOADING OPERATIONS, WHETHER IT BE" FROM RAILROAD BOX CARS, OR FROM OTHER MODES OF TRANSPORT. NUMBER 1 . UPON ARRIVAL OF SHIPMENT, CHECK TO DETERMINE I F THERE IS ANY LOOSE FIB ER ON THE BAGS OR ON THE FLOOR. I F THERE I S , THE AREA SHOULD BE VACUUM CLEANED. NUMBER Z . IMMEDIATELY SEAL ANY BROKEN OR TORN BAGS BEFORE UNLOADING. NUMBER 3. FOR MANUAL UNLOADING, CLEAN PALLETS SHOULD BE' USED, AND, AFTER U S E, THE PALLETS SHOULD BE CLEANED BY VACUUM OR WASHED DOWN WITH WATER. NUMBER 4 . A LL BROKEN BAGS - AFTER RESEALING - SHOULD BE TAKEN TO THE POINT OF USAGE - AVOID PLACING THEM INTO INVENTORY. - (PAUSE) THESE RULES MIGHT APPEAR TO REQUIRE AN EXCESSIVE AMOUNT O F TIM E AND EFFORT AT FIR S T . B UT, THAT'S NOT THE CASE. AFTER A L L , I T ' S NOT REALLY ANYTHING MORE THAN PLAIN GOOD HOUSEKEEPING, WHICH, IN A W ELL-OPERATED PLANT, WOULD BE A DAILY REQUIREMENT. ALL YOU HAVE TO DO IS MAKE SURE THAT I F DUST IS CREATED, CLEAN I T UP IMMEDIATELY. SLIDE NO. 2 HERE YOU'LL' SEE THE REDUCT ION' IN FIB ER COUNT WE ATTAINED IN UNLOADING R AIL CARS AT J-M PLANTS. (READ SIGNIFICANT ONES, USING POINTER) IN ALL THESE EXAM PLES, THE IMPROVEMENT IN FIB ER COUNT WAS ACCOMPLISHED BY ADHERENCE TO THE JUST MENTIONED RULES AND GOOD HOUSEKEEPING PRACTICES. SLIDE NO. 3 HERE YOU SEE THE METHOD OF STORING ASBESTOS FIBER IN ONE OF OUR PLANTS. I F YOU SEE NOTHING UNIQUE--IN TH IS METHOD, I T ' S BECAUSE THERE ISN' T ANY. I T ' S THE SAME METHOD USED TO STORE MANY OTHER M ATERIALS. IN FACT, BECAUSE OF THE PRESSURE PACKING OF ASBESTOS BEFORE IT IS SENT TO YOU, MORE POUNDS OF MATERIAL CAN 8E STORED PER SQUARE FOOT OF SPACE THAN IS THE CASE WITH OTHER PRODUCTS. THE PLASTIC COVERS YOU SEE HERE ARE FOR LONG TERM STORAGE - ANOTHER METHOD THAT- MAY BE SUITABLE FOR YOU. SLIDE NO. A HERE WE HAVE ANOTHER METHOD OF FIBER STORAGE. NOTICE THE CORNER PROTECTORS AND THE SEALING OF BROKEN BAGS. FROM INVENTORY, THE BAGS OF FIB ER ARE TRANSPORTED TO THE POINTS OF USAGE. NOW AT POINT OF USAGE, OUR PLANTS ARE USING SPECIALLY CONSTRUCTED BAG OPENING'DEVICES WHERE BAGS ARE OPENED AND THE FIBER CHARGED INTO THE B IN S , BEATERS, HYDRAPULPER, MIXERS AND OTHER BLENDING DEVICES. HERE, THE IMPORTANT THING IS TO PROVIDE PROPER DUST REMOVAL F A C IL IT IE S SO THAT THE OPERATOR IS NOT EXPOSED TO ASBESTOS FIBER DUST. SUCH BAG OPENING DEVICES MAY BE AUTOMATIC -- WHICH IS RELATIV ELY COSTLY BUT WORTH IT I F YOU HANDLE LARGE VOLUMES OF MATERIAL -- OR A SIMPLE BAG OPENING STATION WHERE THE B AG .IS OPENED AND THE EMPTY 3AG FED INTO ANOTHER PAPER OR PLASTIC BAG. THESE DISCARDED BAGS CAN THEN BE USED IN A PAPER OR F E L T MILL AND/OR BURIED IN A LAND FILL AREA. HERE ARE SEVERAL D IFFER ENT TYPES OF BAG OPENING DEVICES DESIGNED FOR PARTICULAR NEEDS FROM SIMPLE TO SOPHISTICATED. SLIDE NO. 5 __ THIS IS A SIMPLE OPENING DEVICE THAT PROTECTS THE OPERATOR AS THE BAG IS OPENED UNDER A HOOD WITH NEGATIVE PRESSURE. NOTE THE BAG IS ASIDED THROUGH A CHUTE INTO AN EMPTY BAG. SLIDE NO. 6 HERE IS ANOTHER VIEW OF THE SAME TYPE OF BAG OPENING DEVICE AT ANOTHER J-M LOCATION. -5- SLIDE HO. 8 THIS VIEW IS OF A F IB E R BAG OPENING REFEED STATION INTO A MOODY FIBER FLU FFER . WHEN THIS PICTURE WAS TAKEN THERE WAS NO PROVISION FOR S ID IN G THE EMPTY BAG. HOWEVER, THIS FEATURE CAN BE EAS ILY ADDED. SLIDE NO. 9 HERE IS A MORE SOPHISTICATED BAG OPENING DEVICE AT THE MANVILLE T E X T ILE OPERATION WHERE LONG FIBER ASBESTOS IS USED. S LID E NO. 10 AND 11 THIS IS ANOTHER VIEW O F THE SAME U NIT. THIS VIEW SHOWS AN OPERATOR BREAKING UP A CUBE OF FIB ER . SLIDE NO. 12 THIS SHOWS HOW THE EMPTY BAG IS ASIDED AND THIS VIEW SHOWS A CLOSEUP OF THE WASTE BAG CONTAINER. I F IN YOUR OPERATION THERE IS A PROBLEM WITH DUST GENERATION, ADEQUATE DUST CONTROL F A C IL IT IE S SHOULD BE DESIGNED AND INSTALLED . I T IS IMPORTANT THAT YOU PROTECT YOUR EMPLOYEES FROM ASBESTOS FIB ER DUST JUST AS YOU WOULD" ENDEAVOUR TO PROTECT THEM FROM EXCESSIVE HEAT, FUMES, TO XIC CHEMICALS, OR DOZENS OF OTHER MATERIALS. I WOULD LIK E TO SHOW YOU SEVERAL TYPICAL EXAMPLES OF SPECIALLY DESIGNED DUST COLLECTING SYSTEMS FOR PARTICULAR OPERATIONS. >* SLIDE NO. 13 YOU WILL NOTE THE DUST COLLECTING HOOD HERE ON AN ASBESTOS SHINGLE PUNCH PRESS. SLID E NO. 14 (TRANSITE P IP E MACHINE) H ER E'S ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF HOW WE DESIGNED A DUST COLLECTOR FOR AN OPERATION. OF LARGE TRANSITE P IP E . HERE WE MACHINE THE ENDS WHAT IS NECESSARY IN DUST CONTROL IS PROPER DUCT S IZES (A MINIMUM DIAMETER OF 4 TO 5 I ITCHES AND PROPER AIR DUCT VELOCITIES -- 4,000 T O 4 .5 0 0 FEET PER M IN U TE). -"W U $ SLIDE NO. 15 (MACHINING SMALL TRANSITE PIPE) HERE WE ARE MACHINING SMALL TRANSITE P IP E . NOTE THE DUST COLLECTION F A C I L I T I E S , THE'HOODING AND DUCTS. PROPER HOODING IS E S S E N T IA L , WITH FACE V ELO C ITIES ACROSS THE WORK STATION OF 200 TO 250 FEET PER MINUTE. S LID E NO. 16 (MACHINING BLOCK INSULATION) H ERE'S A DUST COLLECTION SYSTEM SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MACHINING BLOCK IN SU LATIO N. SHOW AIR FLOW). [POINT TO COLLECTOR & I 8 - SLIDE NO. 17 (DRILLING HEAVY DUTY BRAKE BLOCK) D RILLING HEAVY DUTY BRAKE BLOCKS ALSO REQUIRED DUST CONTROL, AND A SP EC IAL SYSTEM WAS DESIGNED TO DO THE JO B . SLIDE NO. 18 (SURFACE DISC BRAKE-SEGMENTS) THE SAME WAS THE CASE H ER E, WHERE WE WORKED WITH DISC BRAKE SEGMENTS. (POINT TO DUST EQUIPM ENT). THE DUST COLLECTION SYSTEM HERE ENCOMPASSES THE WHOLE OUTER CIRCLE. SLID E NO. 19 (CLOTH COLLECTOR AT WAUKEGAN) AND HERE WE HAVE A TYPIC AL CLOTH COLLECTOR AS USED IN THE TRANSITE P IP E DEPARTMENT AT OUR WAUKEGAN, ILLIN O IS PLANT. I T 'S S U FFIC IEN T TO DO THE DUST COLLECTING JOB THAT'S NECESSARY. SUCH EQUIPMENT CAN BE SCALED UP OR DOWN, DEPENDING UPON MAGNITUDE O F JO B . IT IS IMPORTANT THAT THE PROPER CLOTH COLLECTOR BE USED WITH AIR TO CLOTH RATIO OF NO MORE THAN 3 TO 1 FOR A SHAKER TYPE OF COLLECTOR. S LID E NO. 20 (JE F F R E Y SYSTEM) __ THIS IS ONE OF THE LARGEST CLOTH COLLECTORS IN THE WORLD. I T ' S LOCATED AT OUR ASBESTOS MINE AND M ILL AT J E F F R E Y , CANADA. TH IS SYSTEM ENCOMPASSES THE ENTIR E TOP FLOOR O F A 12-STORY BUILDING WHICH IS UNDER NEGATIVE PRESSURE. THERE ARE 80,000 BAGS IN THIS COLLECTOR AND 32-350 H .P . MOTORS DRIVING FANS THAT GENERATE 5 M ILLION CUBIC FEET PER MINUTE. THE FIBER COUNTS AT. A LL O F THESE STATIONS AND OTHER SIM ILAR ONES ARE WELL BELOW THE FIV E FIB ER PER CC SLIDE. NO. 21 L E T ME SAY A FEW WORDS ABOUT THE PERFORMANCE OF J-M PLANTS IN LIN E WITH THE OSHA STANDARDS OF 5 FIB ER PER CC AND THE PROPOSED 2 'F IB E R PER CC STANOARD WHICH WILL BECOME EFFEC T IV E JU LY 1 , 1976. AT THE PRESENT T IM E, J-M HAS 943 ASBESTOS FIBER WORK STATIONS IN U . S. PLANTS WHERE WE MONITOR ASBESTOS FIBER DUST COUNTS ON A REGULAR B AS IS . OF THESE STATIONS, 860, OR 9 U OF THEM ARE AT OR BELOW F IV E FIBERS PER CC. WE ARE CURRENTLY WORKING ON A LL OF THE BALANCE OF THESE STATIONS TO BRING THEM B&OW THE F IV E FIBERS PER CC T L V . OF THE 943 FIBER STATIONS MONITORED, THERE ARE 545, OR ABOUT 5 8 X , WHERE WE ARE BELOW TWO FIBERS PER CC. HERE WE HAVE MORE OF A JOB TO DO AND OUR PLANS CALL FOR MEETING THE OSHA PERFORMANCE STANDARDS WELL BEFORE 1976. THIS IS TO BE ACCOMPLISHED BY: ~ 1 . IMPROVED HOUSEKEEPING 2 . IMPROVED METHODS 3 . CHANGES IN OUR PROCESSES 4 . INSTALLATION OF IMPROVED DUST CONTROL F A C IL IT IE S S LID E 23- ( j . m LOGO) NOW, YOU MAY BE WONDERING WHAt ALL I HAVE SAID AND SHOWN YOU HAS TO DO WITH YOU AS USERS OF ASBESTOS FIB E R . FRANKLY, J-M HAS SPENT " M ILLIONS OF DOLLARS TO CONTROL ASBESTOS FIBER D U S T ...A S WELL AS OTHER D U S T S ...A L L TO PROTECT THE HEALTH OF OUR EMPLOYEES. B U T, AFTER A L L , WE ARE A LARGE COMPANY...WE USE ABOUT 160,000 TONS OF ASBESTOS FIB ER EACH YEAR. AS I SAID I N I T I A L L Y , WHAT WE HAVE DONE IN J-M TO CONTROL DUST SHOULD BE VIEWED AS PRINCIPLES TO WORK FROM-- NOT EQUIPMENT YOU MUST HAVE IN ORDER TO SOLVE YOUR DUST PROBLEMS. OVER THE PAST 30 Y EA R S , J-M HAS DEVELOPED EXPERTISE IN THE HANDLING OF ASBESTOS FIB ER NOT ONLY FOR PROCESS REASONS, BUT FOR DUST CONTROL. WE HAVE LEARNED THROUGH EXPERIENCE THE EQUIPMENT BEST SUITED TO HANDLE A PARTICULAR TASK OR SOLVE A PARTICULAR DUST PROBLEM. WE HAVE JUST AS MANY, I F NOT MORE, L IT T L E OPERATIONS AS YOU HAVE. GENTLEMEN, JOHNS-M ANVILLE CAN HELP YOU. OUR RECOMMENDATIONS ARE T H ES E. 1 . I F YOUR INDIVIDUAL PLANTS OR WORKSHOPS REQUIRE A GOOD JOB OF HOUSEKEEPING, THEN THIS IS THE FIRST STEP. A GOOD INDUSTRIAL VACUUM CLEANER SHOULD BE USED. I F YOUR . PLANT ALREADY HAS DUST CONTROL F A C IL IT I E S , WE STRONGLY RECOMMEND THE USE OF VACUUM CLEANING SYSTEM AS A TA K E-O FF FROM THE PRESENT DUST SYSTEM BY INSTALLATION OF A BOOSTER FAN AND A SMALL CYCLONE. J-M W ILL BE GLAD TO PROVIDE YOU WITH A TYPICAL LAYOUT AND SCHEMATIC O F SUCH A SYSTEM. 2 . I F IN YOUR OPERATIONS YOU HANDLE AND USE ASBESTOS FIB ER AND YOU HAVE NO DUST CONTROL F A C IL IT I E S , THEN I CAN ASSURE YOU THAT YOU HAVE A PROBLEM AND PROBABLY A TWO-FOLD O N E ...O N E BEING THE EXPOSURE OF EMPLOYEES TO ASBESTOS DUST ( O S H A ) ... THE OTHER BEING EXHAUSTING ASBESTOS DUST LADEN AIR OUT OF YOUR BUILDING (EP A ). I DO NOT ADVISE YOUR SPENDING ANY MONEY TO HIRE J-M OR ANY OTHER COMPANY TO COME INTO YOUR PLANT AND MAKE AN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE SURVEY. ALL THIS WILL ACCOMPLISH IS TO GIVE YOU NUMBERS FOR PROBLEMS YOU ALREADY HAVE. * -12- RATHER THAN EMPLOY THE SERVICES OF AN INDUSTRIAL H Y G IEN IS T , WE RECOMMEND YOU ARRANGE FOR AN ENGINEERING SURVEY WHICH IS GENERALLY QUITE REASONABLE IN COST. SUCH A SURVEY WILL RESULT IN A REPORT TO YOU WITH SCHEMATICS (D ET A ILED DRAWINGS, I F S P EC IFIED ) AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON HOW TO CORRECT YOUR DUST PROBLEMS BOTH INSIDE AND OUTSIDE YOUR PLANT. THE SURVEY W ILL BE ADEQUATE ENOUGH TO PERMIT YOU TO OBTAIN FIRM. QUOTES ON THE COST OF THE PROJECT. JOHNS-M ANVILLE CONDUCTS ENGINEERING SURVEYS AND W ILL PERFORM SUCH SERVICE ON A FEE B ASIS, THE SAME AS A NUMBER OF OTHER RELIAB LE ENGINEERING FIRMS. 3. FURTHER. JOHNS-MANVILLE IS EQUIPPED TO HANDLE THE PURCHASING AND INSTALLATION OF DUST CONTROL F A C IL IT IE S ON TURN KEY B A S IS . I F SUCH WORK IS D ESIR ED . IN FAC T, WE ARE IN THE BUSINESS OF S ELLIN G ENGINEERING S ER V IC ES , THE SAME AS OTHER ENGINEERING FIRMS. THERE ARE MANY GOOD ONES IN THE F IE L D . 4 . THE REAL TIMES FOR INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE SURVEYS ARE: A . I F YOU ALREADY HAVE DUST CONTROL F A C IL IT I E S , YOU SHOULD ARRANGE FOR A HYGIENE SURVEY SO YOU WILL KNOW HOW WELL YOUR F A C ILIT IES ARE PERFORMING AND WHETHER OR NOT YOU MEET OSHA STANDARDS. B . I F AFTER AN ENG INEERING SURVEY, YOU IN S TA LL F A C IL IT I E S , THEN AN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE SURYEY SHOULD BE A PART OF THE INSTALLATION . AGREEMENT TO ESTABLISH THE R ELIAB ILITY OF THE EQUIPMENT IN S TA LLED AND WHETHER OR NOT THE STANDARDS HAVE BEEN MET. IN CLOSING, GENTLEMEN, L E T ME AGAIN EJ-PHASIZE THAT ASBESTOS DUST PROBLEM S- I F YOU HAVE THEM-- CAN BE CONTROLLED. THE MEANS TO CONTROL DUST IS ONLY AS FAR AWAY AS DECIDING TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT I T ...A N D I DON'T THINK YOU WOULD BE HERE TODAY I F YOU D ID N 'T FEEL IT WAS IMPORTANT TO FIND THOSE SOLUTIONS. ND, I HOPE YO U 'LL AGREE THAT WE WOULDN-'T BE HERE TODAY I F WE WEREN'T SINCERE IN OUR*DESIRE TO HELP YOU IN YOUR EFFORTS. (PAUSE) NOW, I ' LL TURN THE ROSTRUM BACK TO JACK SOLON, WHO HAS A FEW CLOSING COMMENTS BEFORE YOUR QUESTIONS'. Page u CONCLUDING REMARKS: Thank you, Don. Now, gentlemen ... I'm sure that was a lot to digest in a short period of time. I hope we covered most of the questions you had on your mind, but before we get to those we missed, I hope you'll indulge me a few more minutes to summarize. As Bill Reit2 e told you, we have learned a great ' deal about asbestos-health problems in a short period of time -- because we wanted to learn about them. W e 're still studying and still learning. " We learned a great deal at the last major meeting on asbestos and health, held a little over a year ago in Lyon, Prance. It was there that a majority of scientists from all over the world who are actively studying the bio logical effects of asbestos, met under sponsorship of the International Agency for Research on Cancer ... which is a division of the World Health Organization. There were 130 participants from 20 countries at the meeting ... thus the report of that grouprs Advisory Committee on asbestos cancers bears a lot of weight. Briefly, these researchers reported: Page 12 -- There is no evidence of lung damage by asbestos to the general public. # -- There is no evidence of an increased risk of cancer resulting from asbestos fibers present in water, beverages, food, or in the fluids used for the administration of drugs. Regarding lung cancer, the committee reported that there is no detectable lung cancer risk above normal when occupational exposure to asbestos has been low ... and further noted that these low occupational exposures have almost certainly been much greater than the amount of asbestos to which the general public has been exposed. -- And regarding mesothelioma -- a rare cancer of the lining of the lung or abdomen -- they said there is evidence from population studies thatja considerable number of mesothelioma cases have no known association whatsoever with exposure to asbestos. A lot more came out of that meeting, such as the incriminating evidence against cigarette smoking as a very probable co-carcinogen. And we learned that there are clear differences in risk with the type of fiber and nature of exposure. Page 13 Now, gentlemen, add those facts to others we have known for some time -- that asbestos-related health risks today are almost exclusively confined to the occupational setting ... that the effects of excessive inhalation of asbestos are both time and dose related, and thus there are exposure levels that will not result in any increased risk of disease. And, most of all, remember, that, because of the long latent period for asbestos-related disease, the disease being found today among some long-time employees is not an indication of present day conditions -- rather it is a result of conditions existing decades ago, when neither industry, government, nor the medical profession knew very much about the health effects of asbestos ... and even less about the proper means for their control. Today, as Ed Fenner told you, we have to live with a number of regulations and standards OSHA standards in our plants and EPA standards outside them. But these standards can be met, and we ... indeed the entire industry ... will be in there battling for proper controls, regulations, and standards not needless controls and regulations and standards. Page 14 Noel Hendry pointed out that we are not only concerned about our problems, but yours as well".* We will continue to make every effort to assure that the fiber # you receive from us in no way adds a problem for you. And if it does, or you need some special consideration because of your operation, we want you to call on us to help. And, I think after hearing from Don Hillier, you know we are able to help ... that we have the expertise and the people to help solve your problems. (START PROJECTOR AGAIN) Still, there are other ways we may be able to1 help you. As some of.you may know, we have established an Environmental Affairs Department at Johns-Manville, * and our goals are geared not only toward our own people, but to you, our customers. One of our projects has been the compiling and publish ing of a number of position papers on Asbestos and Health. SLIDE: Asbestos...A Family of Minerals paper. Asbestos...A Family of Minerals is one. It describes the characteristics of the four commercially signi ficant varieties of asbestos. Page 15 SLIDE: Lyon Report paper. Another paper is titled the Report of the Advisory * Committee on Asbestos Cancers to the Director of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, which we have nicknamed the Lyon Report. It outlines the major conclusions from a 1972 meeting in Lyon, F-rance of respected researchers from all over the world who were studying the biological aspects of asbestos and health. SLIDE: Asbestos and Health paper. The third paper, Asbestos and Health, discusses the occupational health risk-s from asbestos dust and what J-M and the industry has done to eliminate or control them. SLIDE: Q & A paper. Paper number four, Questions and Answers on Asbestos and Health, provides answers to the most commonly asked questions about asbestos and health. SLIDE: A/C Water Pipe paper. And number five, Asbestos-Cement Water Pipe and Health, discusses the results of studies to determine if drinking water that has passed through asbestoscement water pipe poses any health risks. Page 16 We are planning a few more/ one which 'discusses studies on the asbestos health risk to the public, 4 and the other on environmental health research supported by J-M and the asbestos industry as a whole. You will find copies of the five position papers I mentioned in the folders we will hand out in a few minutes, along with an order form in case you want more. In those folders y o u 111 also find ... SLIDE: Poster and Brochure. ... a copy of this poster on Safe Handling Practices for Asbestos Fiber, and a small pamphlet, which contains the same information. These were produced mainly for our -customers and others who might find them usefu l . and. ,,of-- course, they can be found through out our plants. If you would like to order some of these for posting on bulletin boards or distribution to employees, just fill out the order form in the folder and send it to our Service Center. SLIDE: Green Asbestos Employee Booklet. Page 17 Another project of ours which ydu might find of value to you is this employee booklet'on, "What Every Employee Should Know About Asbestos." It # has been distributed to all our people, and it is available to you and your employees. In fact, if you would rather not have J-M's name on it, it has been set up so that we can easily reprint your company name on copies -- even though that would have to be done at your cost ... which would be minimal. I also know that Noel's group is planning a newsletter for Asbestos Fiber customers to keep you all up to date on what we are doing and what is new in the area of asbestos and health. And, lastly, I call your attention to the fact that we have established in our deparment a fairly extensive medical library. We have copies of most of the important medical studies on asbestos, and have been and will be making copies available to anyone who needs them. You're welcome to give us a call...the man to get in touch with is Walt Cooper...and we'll try to provide any information you may need. (TURN OFF PROJECTOR) Page 18 Sc, there is a lot we want to do and can do for you. The first step, however is yours. As Don said, we don't,know what your problems are -- or even if you have any. But, if you do, we can help you identify them and work out a solution. What it all boils down to is this. We will continue to work towards assuring that not only w e , but our customers, control any health problems that may be involved with asbestos. We will never take the position that the benefits of asbestos -- or any other material for that matter -- .outweigh all the health risks. What we will maintain is that the growing need for asbestos demands something that we believe J-M has, and something you have proven you have by your presence here today. That something is conscience. All that remains now is for us to work-together to turn that conscience into action. PAUSE And now gentlemen (and ladies) , let's have any questions that remain on your minds. You can direct them to me, or to any of our speakers. Page 19 (A;:ter Questions) Nov, before .you leave, I would like to have my colleagues hand out to you the facts folders we have prepared especially for you. Aside from the position papers, the Safe Handling poster and pamphlet, a copy of our employee asbestos booklet and the order forms I mentioned, you'll also find a set of the five booklets published by the Asbestos Information Associa tion, this pocket size reference guide on OSHA, and this Facts About Asbestos Booklet published by the Quebec Asbestos Mining Association. Also, in the back of the room, we have a number of copies of today's presentations. If you would like to have a transcript of the talks given by our team today, be sure to pick one up as you leave. Now, let's adjourn for lunch. * # #