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Federal Register / Vol. 51, No. 119 / Friday. June 20, 1986 / Rules and Regulations
22677
permissible exposure limit for allowable recommended standard, OSHA has
airborne concentrations of asbestos. The chosen not to adopt a product and
AIA/NA argued that lowering OSHA's process categorization scheme in the
current PEL of 2 f/cc was not possible
final standard for asbestos. In addition
because of the inherent sampling and
to the objections to such an approach
analytical variability inherent in the use discussed earlier, OSHA notes that the
of the OSHA method (fora discussion of AIA/NA's recommendations are
the variability issue, see the Methods of intended to apply predominantly to the
Measurement section in the Summary
installation of new products in the
and Explanation for General Industry
construction environment, and would
(Section X. below). As discussed in
thus not address those construction
detail in the Preamble section on
operations that so many commenters
Technological Feasibility (Section VII), pointed to as being the most hazardous:
OSHA has determined that achieving
Asbestos renovation, demolition, and
the new PEL of 0.2 f/cc as an 8-hour
removal operations.
time-weighted average is feasible in the
The Advisory Committee for
great majority of workplaces with the use of engineering and work practice controls alone, although respiratory protection may be required in some
Construction Safety and Health. At several critical junctures during the asbestos rulemaking, OSHA has had the benefit of the Advisory Committee's
operations.
review of various draft versions of the
The AIA/NA's recommended
asbestos construction standard. Most
standard was similar in many other
recently, CACOSH reviewed a draft ,
respects to the standard recommended standard at Its September 28-27,1985
by the BCTD (Ex. 330). For example, the meeting (see transcript of CACOSH
AlA/NA's recommendations include the proceedings for that date). In addition to .
adoption of a product classification
providing specific reviews of successive
scheme that would rank asbestos-
drafts of the asbestos standard for
containing products used in construction construction, the Committee also
in accordance with their potential for
developed, in 1980, a comprehensive
releasing airborne concentrations of
document entitled Report on
asbestos. Implementation of the AIA/
Occupational Health Standards for the
NA approach would require
Construction Industry (Ex. 84-233).
manufacturer certifications and the .
Although this document is not directed
validation of empirically determined
specifically to asbestos, many of its
product classifications, including the use findings apply to the revised
of objective data or exposure studies
construction standard. For example.
conducted by fully qualified testing
. CACOSH expressed concern about the
laboratories and empirical Geld testing - difficulty of applying many traditional
by OSHA inspectors and.others to
health standards requirements in the
confirm these test results.'
construction setting; specifically, the
According to the AIA/NA, examples . Committee noted that medical
of products qualifying.for Category A
surveillance, the use of engineering
status (the least hazardous grouping)
controls, and extensive recordkeeping
include products in which asbestos
. often pose problems in this high-
fibers are bound, coated, or enclosed by tumover, out-of-doors; short-term work
other materials, such as mastics,
environment (Ex.- 84-233). .
mechanical packings, oil seals',
In the context of OSHA's revised
compressed gaskets, sealants and
asbestos standard for construction, the
caulks, roof coatings, and electrical
Committe voted overwhelmingly in
insulating paper (Ex. 84-307, p. 23).
favor of the issuance of a separate
Category B.products would include
standard for the construction industry
' those certified by their manufacturers as (Ex. 84-424). CACOSH also
being incapable, under reasonably
recommended that the PEL for
foreseeable conditions of processing or construction be set at "the lowest .
use, of releasing asbestos fibers in
feasible level" (Ex. 84-424, pp. 11-13), as
excess of the PEL "when one or more
OSHA. has in fact done (see the
specified Fabrication Installation or
Preamble section on Technological
Removal Methods are used' (Ex. 84-307, feasibility, Section VII). At a later
pp. 23-24). Category C products would meeting (September 28-27,1985),
include, under the AlA/NA's
members of the Committee noted their
classification scheme, products
support for many provisions of a draft
presenting the greatest.exposure
final standard submitted to CACOSH
potential. These products would . .
for review; this draft was substantively,
consequently be subject to the most
similar to the standard published today.
stringent regulatory controls.
For example, committee member |oe
As explained in detail above in
Adam urged that the traditional
connection with the BCTD's
hierarchy of controls be reflected in the
revised standard, i.e., "engineering controls'first, work practices, and then the final [choice of method] being personal protective equipment" (see transcript of CACOSH proceedings). On other issues raised by requirements of the draft under review. CACOSH urged' OSHA to refine particular provisions. OSHA has generally incorporated CACOSH's suggestions. For example, in response to the point made by Mike Deis of Better Working Environments that respirators should be qualitatively fit tested with every wearing, OSHA has revised the final standard specifically to cross-reference 29 CFR 1910.134(e). Section 1910.134(e)(5)(l) requires employers to ensure the proper fitting of half-mask respirators by checking the facepiece fit "each time he [or she] puts on the respirator." In addition, CACOSH noted several minor errors in the draft standard being reviewed, particularly in the draft respiratory protection section, and these have subsequently been corrected.in the final standard (see transcript of CACOSH proceedings). The final standard thus reflects, in a large number of provisions and in many ways, the expert advice received by the Agency from the Advisory Committee over the course of this asbestos rulemaking.
X. Summary and Explanation of the Revised Standard for General Industry
1. Paragraph (a). Scope and application..
Like the existing asbestos standard and other OSHA health standards such as inorganic arsenfc (11910.1018); lead ( 1910.1025). DBCP (S 1910.1044), and acrylonitrile (11910.1045), this revised standard applies to all "occupational exposures to (asbestos)." OSHA has not defined the tenri "occupational exposure" in the regulatory text However, because of increased public awareness of the hazards of asbestos and its ubiquitousness, inquiries have been made to OSHA concerning the applicability of the standard to exposures in buildings which may not result from manufacturing, processing or installing asbestos products. Significant areas of concern expressed were exposures to office employees in . buildings where, asbestos products has been installed and to employees who work in the vicinity of asbestos . abatement and renovation activities..
In both situations the exposures are occupational and are covered by this standard,The employee's presence in the workplace places him at increased . risk from asbestos exposure regardless of whether the employee is actually working with asbestos.
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