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FILE NAME: Goulds Pumps (GLP) DATE: 1946 Jan DOC#: GLP020 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Trade Magazine Article - Control of Working Environment is Important & Adv Index Listing Gould ftttfK /C TR U C K S n*/zeflZD MMDS DU//fit)BATTEM& SOUTHERN DIVISION OFFICE 915-101 Marietta Street Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. Sales Agents in New Orleans St. Louis Dallas El Faso Houston Bluefield VlgThtee in War and Peace! Now that wide war-time experience with unit loads has proved battery-powered electric trucks the most flexible, safe, cost saving equipment for handling materials and finished goods-- make this knowledge pay off! Go the whole way by powering your electric trucks with the amazing new Philco "Thirty", the high capacity battery that gives 30% longer life! It will save you money. Write for the new Philco "Thirty" specification catalog. Philco Corporation, Storage Battery D ivision, Trenton 7 , N ew Jersey PH IL C O FOR 50 YEA R S A LEAD ER ! I IN I N D U S T R I A L S T O R A G E B A T T E R Y D E V E L O P M E N T Editors-- Francis C. Smith Eugene W . O'Brien Souihwesfern Editor: Hunter R. Hughes, Jr. Texas FtreBrick--A New Plant with ModernMethods, By Hunter R. Hyghes, Jr...................................................................... 44 .. Automatic Arc Welding, by R. M. Daniels............................................... 47 Production Mgr. : W. E. Coogler Managing Director : E. W. O'Brien Low Temperature Refrigeration, by F. R. Zumbro and Terry Mitchell. . . 48 Music for Southern Industry, by Hunter R. Hughes, Jr............................ 52 Business Representatives Arkansas Solvent Extraction Plant, fey Jane I. Gordon............................ 55 1 O, L. Rogers, 18 E ast 48th St., ! Room 1904, New York 17, Automatic Roof Cooling, by Leonard A. Holder..................................... 56 N Y --Phone, Plaza 8-2565 William K. Hoffman, 26 Bowdoin Safe Handling of Barrels............................................................................. 59 St., Maplewood, N. J.--Phone So. Orange 2-2484. Electronics Maintenance, by R. C. Roetger............................................ 60 Maynard L. Durham, 67 Coving ton Road, Buffalo 16, N. Y.-- I Phone, Amherst 6832. Dielectric Heating In Furniture Manufacturing, by W . H. Hickock........ 64 A. E. C. Smith, 206 Auditorium Building, Cleveland 14, Ohio t --Phone, Cherry 7352. Industrial Hygiene, by N. V. Hendricks................................................... 68 P. 0. E. Johnson, 168 North Michigan Ave., Chicago 1, 111 --Phone, Central 4131 . The G reat Gam e of Getting Ahead, by Harry C. Walker.....................82 L B Chappell, Auditorium Bldg., 427 West 5th St., Los Ange les. Calif. -- Phone, Tucker 6363. 1 Hunter R. Hughes, Jr., 1341 Lib- j erty Bank Bldg., Dallas, ] Texas.-- Phone, Central 7673. Training Disabled V ftb ra n s.................. ..................................................... 92 - Rope Service Pays Dividends. by Russel Ralph........................................ 94 1 History pfPower, by Carl J. Eckhardt, Jr.................................................. 98 Annual Subscription--$1.00 Canada--$1.50 ; Foreign $2.00 PRACTICAL DISCUSSION I Published Monthly by How Much jfeafc U Lost ; i . ; f Belt Slip on fan Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 6 W . R. C. SMITH vExperience a t i m t flwwW#* i #, > ;Rjrf|cieney t a p W j b * ' Slow Motion fay s .............................106 Repairing Leaky Faucets....... . 108 PUBLISHING CO. Maintenance fcf Tape^in Tapped w * * Placingj^ |g Trolley Beam......... ... .108 Saving Leather witb_pivoi B ase., t u f S*oj> fo r Stripping Machine.......... .,..110 Publishers also o f : Cotton, Elec Effiient$r<^ Drive , 'o . , ....... - W Impairing; Setam Rectifiers,-.... , , .110 trical South, Southern Hardware, Southern Automotive Journal. Motor JaMlation Resistance . lu ' Kecpfcg f ile from dogging.................106 Under Water Welding ............,.,,,1 3 0 fffw finga* ffct&ew ............... 101 I W. J. Rooke, P resid e n t; R. P. Smith, Executive Vice-President; 1 T. W. McAllister, V ice-President; E. W. O'Brien, Vice P resid en t; A. E. C. Smith, Vice-President; J. C. Cook, Vice-President; O. A. > Sharpless, T re a su re r; A. F. Rob erts, Secretary. Editorial and Executive Offices %-\f.f 7 . I * 'V ^ 'ea V' i ,, % * pr tkemonth . , . , 11.2 ; %u AXOG8 or tm moots:. . . :132 1>|X, Q H i ADVERTISERS. . .168 GRANT BUILDING ATLANTA, GEORGIA Qpmpany 3 IN D U ST R IA L H Y G IE N E ------------ Control of W orking Environm ent is Im portant This third installm ent is a discussion of the working environm ent -- its problem s, their evaluation, and recomm ended control. E VERY important factor in fluencing our lives and one which is given little consideration is the environment in which we work. The general environment dictates our requirements as to the clothes we wear, the food we eat, and to a certain extent our mode of living. The average individual will spend at least eight hours a day at some occupation. The re maining portion of the day is usually spent at home. It is obvious that two distinct problems of en vironment exist: the home or com munity, and the working environ ment. There are certain safeguards thrown about the community as providing safe drinking water, proper sewage disposal, collection and disposal of other wastes in cluding garbage, and immunization programs. The importance of these protective procedures in a com munity has been long recognized. Their accomplishment is measured in terms of reduced death rates from various communicable di seases. Some diseases which in the past have taken great toll of life By N. V. H endricks Chief Engineer Industrial Hygiene Service, Georgia Department of Public Health have by these methods been re duced to a point of minor signi ficance. As civilization has pro gressed with an accompanying complexity in our living, the neces sity for public safeguards in the community has been given more and more consideration. It is only through these approaches that the proper public health measures for the community environment can be applied. For a number of years, consid eration has been given to the de velopment of certain methods by which the working environment of an individual may be modified or adjusted to more healthful working conditions. Many plant op erations by the very nature of the materials processed and by the mechanics of the operation pro duce an atmosphere of toxic or otherwise harmful substances. The final objective in any industrial hygiene program is the alleviation of health hazards incident to in dustrial operations by the use of scientific methods. Occupational Diseases Industrial operations require the use of many materials, some of which are toxic and produce harm ful effects on individuals who are exposed to them. In addition, there are certain physical conditions which exercise harmful effects on the worker. The deleterious effects produced by these materials and conditions may, in a broad sense, be termed occupational diseases. In some states, industry has been legally responsible for the effect on the worker which is brought about from such exposures. Where legal responsibility has been desig nated, codes or schedules have been established for a rate of compensa tion covering occupational diseases. Such codes vary from all inclusive loss to those which cover only specific occupational diseases. B EFO R E ANO AFT ER IN ST A LLA T IO N OF VAPO R ABSO RPTIO N SY ST E M IN M ER C ER IZIN G D E P A R T M EN T OF B LE A C H E R Y AN D D YE W ORKS. 68 SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for JANUARY, 1946 In considering the potential de velopment of occupational diseases and the responsibility and cost in cident, management cannot escape the fact that the condition of the working environment is an eco nomic factor expressed in terms of the overall cost of production. Proper consideration to the status of the environment, in many cases, will directly lower the cost. Recog nizing these facts, management should take every possible means of improving and controlling the working environment. For many occupational diseases there is no known medication and the logical method of control is the adjust ment of the working environ ment in order that the exposuie from which occupational diseases result may be removed. Processing And The Environment The working environment in any plant will be dependent on these factors: (1) materials, (2) process ing methods, and (3) process equip ment. Many of the raw and pro are known to produce harmful by-products are formed and liber cessing materials used in industry effects on individuals exposed to ated. are specifically toxic and toxic them. Equipment plays an important compounds are often liberated as The method of processing is im role in determining dispersion by-products of certain operations. portant as it will determine the ex since the design of such units may ( In any case, the type material and tent to which materials are dis call for open or closed operations, f its presence in the working atmo persed into the working atmo rotation at high speed or close or I sphere will determine the existence sphere. Important factors associ frequent observation on the part of a hazard. Fortunately most pro ated with process methods in of the operator. Specific design ` cessing materials are non-toxic. clude: (1) temperatures required would determine the extent to However, with many industries it for various operations, (2) agita which certain control installations | is impossible to avoid the use of tion and other mechanical details, such as local exhaust ventilation < certain specific compounds which and (3) specific operations where might be applied. 70 SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for JANUARY, 1946 SOU! Environment Problems Of importance to industry is the matter of controlling dust. For tunately, there are relatively few types of dust which are specifically toxic. The more important from an industrial standpoint are silica, as bestos and finely divided salts of toxic metals, such as lead. Silica and Dust Exposures to free silica are more important from the standpoint of population exposed and deserve more consideration than those to asbestos dust. However, asbestos dust is just as toxic as free silica. Wherever sand or materials con taining free silica are processed, exposure to the dust is likely to result. This is especially true in foundry operations, abrasive clean ing, blasting, and the like. Suffi cient exposure to concentrations of free silica often results in the pro duction of fibrotic growths in the lungs of the exposed individual. This condition is known as silicosis and is one of the prime disabling occupational diseases and has cost industry considerable sums of money for compensation. Asbestos dust although specif ically toxic, does not result in a numerically great number of ex posures due to its infrequent in dustrial applications. However, in the production of asbestos cloth and other products, a serious prob lem of dust control is presented. Certain heavy metals and their salts produce specific toxic reac tions. Many industries employ lead and cadmium, and their application to plant operation usually results in the creation of an actual or po tential exposure. Lead compounds are particularly important in such operations as the manufacture of storage batteries, printing indus tries, and the production of paints or pigments. Gases Gases are usually classified as either asphyxiant or irritant. In dustrially the more important as phyxiants include carbon monox ide, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen cyanide. Of these, carbon monoxide occurs more frequently. This gas is associated with the combustion of carbonacious materials and is ex tremely toxic. On entry into the body it exerts an affinity for hem oglobin which is about 300 times the affinity of oxygen resulting in a tremendous decrease in the abili ty of the blood to carry oxygen and produces a condition of as phyxia. The more common irritants found in industry include sulfur dioxide, chlorine, ammonia, and the oxides of nitrogen. Although these gases are extremely toxic, they are suf ficiently irritating so that the in dividual exposed usually has some warning as to their presence. Under these conditions the worker can normally remove himself from the exposure before too much damage is done. However, these materials do occur frequently in industry and the importance of ex posures to them should not be minimized. Vapors Vapors come from organic com pounds both of the aliphatic and aromatic series. They play a tre mendously important part in mod ern production and their number and use is limited only by the ingenuity of the chemist. They are used widely as degreasing agents, intermediates, solvents and clean ing compounds. Most of these materials are ex cellent fat solvents, and on entry into the body tend to go to the nervous system. This is true of the aliphatic series, including distil lates and petroleum. From the standpoint of pure toxicity, prob ably the most important of these materials would include benzol, its homologues and the chlorinated compounds. Sufficient exposure to these compounds results in chronic disturbance and in some cases dis ability. Mists Acid and alkaline mists are as sociated with plating, stripping and cleaning. Chromic acid mist is probably the most important of this class of material and results from electroplating, anodizing and similar operations. Exposure to such mists may result in perfora tion of the nasal septum, and if cuts or abrasions are present on the exposed parts, ulcers may de velop. Fumes Fumes are usually associated 'H; with welding, cutting, or other op- fv | erations where metals are heated.''; ;j to high temperatures. From an in- f j dustrial standpoint, lead, zinc, and11;' j cadmium are probably the most '!- j important. Atmospheric fumes of: 1 J this type are often found around^; I pouring of brass, welding or burn- ,1 ing of galvanized metal or on high >> j temperature operations involving v 1 surfaces coated with lead bearing 1 paint. The physiological response to the inhalation of these materials may vary considerably. The less serious, ' condition is known as metal fume > 1 fever which carries symptoms of zinc oxide. It is of short duration and no permanent tissue damage: is done. The more serious condi tions arise from the exposure to fumes or metals which are specifi cally toxic. Physical Conditions Physical conditions such as working positions, temperature, humidity and abnormal pressures, play an important part in the abil ity of the worker to produce. The correction of such conditions is primarily a problem of engineer ing and when given proper consid eration will do much toward in creasing production and lowering costs, through improvement of f quality of the final production, re duction of spoilage, and increase in the final plant safety. Evaluation of Environment In order to properly evaluate the exposures in an industrial plant, a detailed engineering study and analysis is required. Such a study in the form of an industrial hygiene survey is a mechanical means by which the plant is ob served department by department for the purpose of noting occupa tional hazards and unsafe practices so that they may be appraised. Such a survey should include a work analysis, analytical procedure rating of hazards, analyses of the hazards and recommendations for control. The work analysis should be made by noting each and every job carried out in the plant, method of process, and hazardous conditions to which each worker to- 74 SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for JANUARY, 1946 ited op- ited ln- and - lost of in d rn- - 1 igh 1iXn1S in g the la y 5US me of ion ige d i to .fi- as re, 5S, ilhe is ;r- 1 d- n- ig` of ' ese , te k al y a al il )* H - J J :S i. t a e c r e y s r 6 COMMON PROCESSING MATERIALS WITH SAFE CONCENTRATION AND P H Y S I OLOGICAL SYMPTOMS TOXIC MATERIAL INDUSTRIAL USE SAFE CONCENTRATIONS PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE Acrolein Ammonia Aniline Arsenic Compounds Bromine Benzol Cadmium Carbon Disulfide Carbon Monoxide Carbon Tetrachloride Chlorinated Diphenyls Chlorine Chlorobenzene Chromium Compounds Ethylene Dichloride Formaldehyde Hydrochloric Acid Hydrogen Sulfide Lead Mercury Silica Dust (Free) Sulfur Dioxide Sulfuric Acid Toluene Zinc Organic synthesis; mfg. m ilitary gases; soap and varnish ; fertilizer. Organic preparations; refrigeration ; bronz ing; dye and color mfg.; sugar refining. Organic, synthesis; dye mfg.; paint and varnish; disinfectants; explosives. Faint and pigments; leather industry; in secticides; mining and smelling; aye and varnish mfg. Organic synthesis; dyes; bromides; ex plosives. Solvent; paint and varnish removers; dye; varnish mfg.; rubber industry. Alloys; cadmium salts; electro-plating; storage batteries; lead and zinc smelting. Solvent; mfg. vixose raj on; varnishes; insecticides ; carbon tetrachloride. Mfg. iron and steel; enamel; illuminating gas; kiln operations; smelting. Solvent; mfg. cleaning compounds; dye; paint and lacquer industries. Electrical equipment; lacquer mfg.: paints, wax mfg. Organic synthesis; textile bleaching; water purification; chlorination. Solvent for cellulose acetate, resins, oils, fats; dry cleaning. Dyeing; metallurgy; electroplating, print ing; tanning. Organic synthesis; solvents; thinner for lacquers. Organic synthesis; dyes; rabbet goods; leather; synthetic resins and lacquers Leather industry; organic synthesis; dye stuffs; mfg. chlorides. Reagent; analytical chemistry; viscose rayon spinning; leather tanning, mining and smelting; paper mfg. Chemical equipment lead pigments; alloys; storage battery mfg.; insecticides. Prep, mercury salts, scientific instruments, chemical processing. Foundries; stone industry; abrasive clean ing; blasting. Refrigeration; bleaching; cellulose; paper; mining and smelting. Fertilizers; refining, explosives; organic synthesis; leather; textiles; chemicals. Solvent ; paint and varnish ; organic prep arations; dye and varnish; rubber industry. Metallurgy ; galvanizing, brass foundries-- smelting. 1.0 ppm 300 ppm 5.0 ppm 0 5 mg/M* I 0 ppm 300 ppm 0.1 mg/M" 20 ppm 100 ppm 100 ppm 1.0 mg/M" 1.0 ppm 75 ppm 0.1 m g/H fl 100 ppm 20 ppm 10 ppm 20 ppm 0.t5 mg/M" 0.1 mg/M& 5,000,000 p.p.c.f. 10 ppm 2 0 ppm 200 ppm 15 mg/M- irritatio n of skin and mucous membranes of eyes and respiratory tract, dyspnea, bronchitis. Irritatio n of respiratory passages, cough, pul momiry edema, severe eye irritation, caustic action on skin. Muscular weakness, vertigo, cyanosis, faint ing, nervous symptoms, loss of equilibrium, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Pains in stomach, \omiting. diarrhea, head ache, gastric disturbances, skin diseases, loss of liair, weakness. Irritation of air passages, bronchitis, conjunc tivitis, skin eruptions, discoloration of skin. Headache and vertigo, gastro intestinal dis turbances, hemorrhages, injury to blood form ing organs with changes in blood picture, in jury to blood vessels, heart, liver, kidneys, etc Loss of appetite, weakness, nausea, inflam mation of the lungs, cough, >oreness of chest. Headache, vertigo, weakness, mental disturb ances, irritation of skin. Headache, painfulness of eyeball, throbbing of temples, weakness, nausea, vomiting, increased respiration and pulse, collapse. Irritation of nose, throat aud eyes, nausea, headache, vomiting, confusion, narcosis, injury to liver, dermatitis. Acneform skin eruptions, jaundice and atrophy of liver. Acute cardiac paralysis, burning, blistering, cough, bronchitis, chronic anemia, nasal and bronchial catarrh. Headache, giddiness. Blood changes. Bronchitis; bronchopneumonia, anemia, neph ritis, ulcers of skin and membrane, perfora tion of nasal septum. Irritation of eyes and nose, vertigo, uncon sciousness and death if exposure is prolonged. Irritation of mucous membranes, conjunctivitis, severe dermatitis, degeneration of liver. Coughing, bronchitis, destruction of teeth, con traction of throat, caustic action on skin. Conjunctivitis, exhaustion, pallor, pain in eyes, nose and throat; headache, convulsions, paral ysis. Weakness, pallor, loss of appetite, lead line, anemia, constipation, cramps, colic. Inflammation ol gums and mucous membrane of the mouth, necrosis of the jaw. enteritis, anemia, trem ors of the hands and face. Fibrotic lung tissue, development of silicosis. Brorchitis, coughing, laryngitis, bronchopneu monia, digestive disorders. Acute and chronic bronchitis, bronchopneu monia. decay of teeth. On the skin, pain, edema and ulceration. Narcotic effect, headache, vertigo, gastro intestinal disturbances, injury to liver and nervous system. Metal fume fevers; irritation of respiratory tract, headache, nausea, chills, pain in limbs NOTE: P.F.M. == Part* ot substance per million part v of air by volume m p.p c f -- Millions of particles of substance1 p ,t cubic foot of air mg/M" -- Milligiams of substance per cubic m rter of air SOUTHERN POW ER & INDUSTRY for JA N U A R Y, 1946 75 is exposed. Toxic materials when present are investigated from the standpoint of the liberation into the atmosphere; physical state, whether or not the employee is re quired to be in the area where this material is dispersed, and the probable effect on the individual. Analytical procedures usually in clude the collection of field samples and their analysis and the comple tion of other measurements when necessary. Atmospheric samples are collected from the breathing zone of the exposed worker and are taken in such manner as to be representative of average working conditions. Actual sampling and analysis of the atmosphere is the only scientific means by which a known exposure may be ac curately evaluated. Some toxic ma terials make their presence known by odor and other properties, but these do not offer a means of de termining their concentrations. The rating of a hazard or ex posure is a measurement to de termine the degree of a condition and the effectiveness of existing control methods. Much work has been done in establishing safe permissable concentrations for some of the more common toxic ma terials These threshold values of fer a means of determining the ex tent of individual exposures. By an analysis of processing methods, rat ing of hazards and study of ef ficiency of existing corrective measures, a baseline for adequate control procedures may be estab lished. In most cases processing methods will determine the type control indicated. Application of Data When the industrial hygiene study has been completed and ob servations and data analyzed, it is necessary to translate this infor mation into terms of specific con trol procedures. Unless these data finally result in corrective meas ures, a great waste of time and ef fort will take place. Although the plant or process engineer may not be primarily concerned with ac tivities other than strictly process ing, this individual should take ad vantage of information obtained through the industrial hygiene sur vey. In many cases, a study of environmental conditions under which a job is carried out will of- ier the production engineer a means of increasing the efficiency of the particular operation. The plant engineer should also be concerned with the industrial hygiene information because the control procedures applied will be based on an analysis of these find ings. The design and installation of such control procedures as local exhaust ventilation should be worked out with the plant engineer in order that the final installation may be entirely consistent with processing requirements. Control Procedures Hazards associated with indus trial operations can either be eliminated or reduced to harmless limits by the application of public engineering methods. Procedures for the control of such exposures usually consists of one of the fol lowing: Isolation of the process. Fre quently a job which is productive of dust or tends to disperse other materials into the work area can be removed and located at a point so that the liberation of such ma terial will not contaminate the gen eral working atmosphere. It is oc casionally possible to close off in dividual operations so as to isolate them from other areas and control the exposure. Substitution of non-toxic ma terial occasionally offers a good method of alleviating specific ex posures. Where toxic materials are used and it is possible to replace them with non-toxic substitutes, the exposure can be removed in the easiest possible way. Wet methods can sometimes be applied. These are frequently used in the stone industry in drilling, crushing, and grinding. Where ma terials being processed must be kept in the dry state, this method is obviously eliminated. Personal protective equipment offers an excellent control pro cedure where the exposure is in frequent or of a short duration. Where this type of equipment is used, care should be exercised in its selection in order that the equip ment used be designed for the particular exposure. Only equip ment which bears the stamp of approval of the U. S. Bureau of Mines should be purchased. Some exposures may be con trolled by means of general venti lation. By this procedure a suffi cient amount of air is introduced into the work area to dilute the contaminant to a point below the toxic limit. This method has cer tain disadvantages, such as the handling of excessive amounts of air, and the failure to reduce con centrations of the material at its point of liberation. It is usually at or close to the point of liberation where real exposure occurs and general ventilation, in most cases, does not correct this situation. Local exhaust ventilation offers the most effective and generally the most efficient means of con trolling individual exposures. A hood or similar type of collecting device is located as close as pos sible to the point of liberation of the contaminant and sufficient air handled in order to remove this material in such a manner that it is not dispersed into the work area. This type control should remove the material before it has an oppor tunity to come into the breathing zone of either the worker on the individual job or the workers in the surrounding area. In considering the mattei. of local exhaust ventilation, it is high ly essential that these installations be properly designed and engi neered. In too many cases hoods and the entire exhaust systems are installed by mechanics or .other individuals in the plant and no thought is given to their design or the principles on which they should operate. Unless such systems are based on good engineering design there is no assurance that the in stallation will operate in such man ner as to control the exposure. The next article of this series will cover organic solvents and similar in dustrial materials, their properties and uses as they influence the en vironment and health of the worker using them. 1945 INDEX Available t o Subscribers If you keep your back issues -- write the editors for a free copy of this Index Se e P a g o lie 76 SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for JANUARY. 1946 I t I No diving suits allow ed! Biggest problem was water* proof, pressure-proof casings. Cast-iron wouldn't do -- too porous. So we turned to fabricated steel -- tough, durable -- and lightweight too! Then w e found that fabricated parts could be successfully welded together to assure water-tightness. For proper magnetic characteristics, we decided to use field yokes of one-inch rolled steel. Things look better! We reinforced end-housings, doublechecked insulation, made sure exposed parts were leak-proof. Nothing left to do but pul our baby in the test-tank, check it regularly, and hold our breath. 90 days later--we took a good look. Motor still running and not a drop of water inside! That called for a short cheer and wide smiles all around. Mass produc tion of these motors followed. There's a M oral: Every time Allis-Chalmers engineering solves special motor problems, we discover new ways to build better stand ard m otors for you. A l l i s -C h a l m e r s , M il w a u k e e 1 , W is. . HEAR THE BOSTON SYMPHONY: Every Saturday Evening. American Broadcasting Co, SOMt u c d m orA A /cD e. ik in iK T O Y f ,, . i a r i i i a r y ioaa 7 Tr 7 Tr'^8!k\ scaap** ^ a k tam- vyA # * < * * .* si*mns*s V/a ond ' ' /l S ^ ' -1'/*" 07 , * ' V * . * 1* ^ THE M Here is a typical case with no name mentioned, because it is a defense plant. The industrial com pany and their contractor decided to standardize on Sarco for all steam traps and temperature control because in their years of experience in connection with many other jobs, there was no other line as. broad and versatile and as reliable. The illustration above shows the extent to which eight different but related Sarco products were used in this one plant, and the wide range of sizes required. Team work "in operation was obviously secured. actory Other advantages of standardization with Sarco are: Ease of inspection and cleaning without disturbing the piping. Small number of spare parts required in stores. Ease of obtaining duplicates for addi tions or extensions, and the knowledge that all parts were made in one plant by one company. WHEN YOU PLAN get the Sarco HOOK-UP r BOOK which will show you how completely and satis factorily Sarco products can serve your plant. i lit'-V'''"'." . . (STARS : . O U R E PENNANT S A V E5 TO SARCO "ICE ' f THE WAR EFFORT St I A W 'J Represented in Principal Cities _ ^ Torontol,Ont. COMPANY, INC., 475 FIFTHAVi,,NEW YORK 17,N.Y.*SreoC<mo<t,MM5 * * * * * * " ^ n ilT U C D k ! DrvVA/CD *, 1M H IK T D Y t IAMl IADV IOIL WHY WORTHINGTON HIOH-PRESSURE PUMPS excel in a ll th ree. . . 1 . DESIGN --W orthington has hanger experience in manufacturing high-pressure centrifugal boiler]feed pumps . . . has acquired unique constructive ideas from power-plant operating engineers. T h at's why you'll find such superior design features in W orthington high pres sure boiler feed pumps as: a balancing device construction that mini mizes wear; bolted ring-type pressure joints; impellers shrunk on the shaft; oversized Kingsbury thrust bearings. 2 . MATERIALS --W orthington has greater facilities for research. That's why you'll find the right materials in W orthington highpressure boiler feed pumps: stainless steel for internal parts--to pre vent destructive corrosion and erosion; forged steel casings--tested and proved by years of power plant operation. S. APPLICATION --W orthington Pump Application Engineers are thoroughly versed in every phase of applying the most complete line of boiler feed pumps for high or low pressures -- capacities from 50 to 3500 GPM . . . pressures from 50 to 2500 PSI. T hat's why Worthington will fit the right feed pumps to your feed cycle. For further details on W orthington High-Pressure Boiler Feed Pumps . . . or for an appointment w ith a Worthington P.A.E.*, Write us ortelephone the nearest of our 36 district offices. You'll find AS EASY TO DISMANTLE AND ASSEMBLE AS A SPLIT-CASE PUMP Complete rotor assembly of Worthington HighPressure Boiler Feed Pump can be withdrawn in one piece on a portable assembly truck without disturbing suction or discharge piping con nections. Simplifies inspection, replacemant or repair of internal parts. that there's more worth in Worthington. Worthington Pump and Machinery Corporation, Centrifu- SISUt gal Pump Division, Harrison, N. J. *Pump Application Engineer mXg WORTHINGTON fB E WORT-' LARGEST lANU*AC`tW* E,l OY TUMPS For B oiler F o td :Srvict opocit5 frcni 30 to 'X 500 ffVV- m. 1H0e0a0dsfeefrtom 1:8:0 to for Hotwfll, Con dWe nasteart,e , gCehniel lreadl Service >;Cqp a cties;fro,rrv 150 to 1300. 9 . p. m . Heads from 110 to '500 feet, F.or B o ile r F e e d S ervice Capacities from 25 to 1450 g . p . m , ;;Hcad* f/om .2 2 0 to . 600 feet. fo r 5Woter W orks, ''Circulation, Orem *9, General Service Capacities from 5 0 0 vtol600g.p.m . Heads' 90 0 .to 3200 feel. . fo r B o ile r fe e d .Service C apacities from 200 to 1600 g . p. m. Heads from 9Q0 to 3200 feet. fo r B o ile r fe e d v ' V" '.:'35evce C ap acities from.500 : to 30 0 0 Heads from . 2000; to 7000 feet. j L 3 WARREN Pumps in Xecco plant round out two decades ' M s e k of service !' SOUTHED ki W arre n Pumps in the N ew Eng lan d Confectionery plant in Cam brid g e, Massachusetts, include Boiler Feed, Condensate, Vacuum , Sp ray Pond, Chilled W ater, Brine, City W ater Booster and Process Spray. M an y of these pumps h ave been in continuous service for more than two d e ca d e s 'and show every evidence of their ability to continue serving satisfac torily for many years more. W hatever your pump problem s -- put them up to W arren . WARREN STEAM PUMP CO M P A N Y , INC. WARREN, MASSACHUSETTS I Akill ADV ID L 13 I ; , You w ill want to investigate Worthington i:<' Multi-Stage Steam Turbines for either con densing or non-condensing service. W orth- i, ington's fam iliarity w ith all phases of steam ; power and specialized knowledge of Steam Turbine engineering account for low mainte- f nance and smooth, dependable economic operation. Low steam consumption is inherent in the fI design of these turbines, built in sizes from 100 HP to 10,000 HP for operation on high or > low pressure steam and for speeds up to 9000 RPM. For full descriptive literature, write Worthington Pump and Machinery Corporation, j Harrison, N . J. WHO USES THEM? Worthington Multi-Stage Steam Turbines-- condensing and non-condensing types -- are now driving blowers, generators, pumps> line shafts, refrigeration compressors, airconditioning units, paper machines, cane shredders, etc. Data that proves there's more worth in Worthington is available on request. W O RTH IN G TO N S o u t h e r n p o w e r & in d u s t r y for Ja n u a r y , i w k & , WiSiSiiS, W hy has this blow -off valve becom e "sta n d a rd " in over 12,000 boiler plants? W hy is it today the universal choice of leading engineers for new boiler installations ? T he answ er is in the engineering reason behind the valve. It is SEATLESS. T here is no seat to score, w ear and clog with mud, scale and dirt. P o w er plan t operators hailed this seatless-design valve m ore than 25 years ago when it was first introduced. It elim inated a source of continual trouble and expense co m m o n w ith conventional type blow -off valves. Since then constant mechanical and m etallurgical re search, aimed to m eet new and m ore rigid service requirem ents, has m ade im proved Yarway Seatless Blow-Off Valves the last w ord in insurance against boiler blow -dow n troubles. See Yarway Blow-Off Valves, hear the seatless principle explained by Lowell Thom as in Yarway s color m otion p ictu re " T h e re Is An E n g in eerin g R e a so n ." It's avail able w ithout charge for group show ings. W rite today. Roger A . M artin, Southern Rep. YA R N A LL-W A RIN G COM PANY Bona A llen Bldg., Atlanta 3, G a. 19 G et your 2 I4S E Power w ill be needed--and how--for indus try's great program of post-war production! But, more than ever, power engineers must watch cost figures..-figure out new economies. Consider seriously therefore the question of modernizing your boiler room through the installation of Todd Oil or Gas Burners. Savings up to 1096, on the one hand... increased power on the other . . . for Todd Burners' in stantaneous response to fluctuating demands produces more steamon less fuel consumption! You pay less for maintenance with Todd, too, because Todd Burners can be operated auto matically to meet changing load conditions. Whether you are producing power and heat for industrial, commercial, or marine purposes, investigate the efficiencies and economies of automatic Todd Combustion Equipment. Todd specialists, like the deeply-experienced Todd organization itself, are ready to solve your liquid and gaseous combustion problems. Ip a B r- in -------------- COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT DIVISION m TODD SHIPYARDS CORPORATION 601 W est 26th Street, New York 1 , N. Y . NEW YORK, BROOKLYN. ROCHESTER, HOBOKEN. NEWARK, PHILADELPHIA, CHICAGO, S O . PORTLAND, ME., BOSTON, SPRINGFIELD, M A SS., BALTIMORE, WASHINGTON, DETROIT, GRAND RAPIDS, TAMPA, GALVESTON, HOUSTON, MOBILE, NEW ORLEANS, LOS ANGELES, SAN FRANCISCO. SEATTLE, TACOMA. MONTREAL, TORONTO, BUENOS AIRES, LONDON 30 SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for JANUARY, 194* S First they bought one .. . and it proved so satisfac tory that now 22 Yarway R em ote Liquid Level Indicators are on boiler room duty in four plants of this great rayon company. T h a t's the way the g o o d w o rd a b o u t Y arw ay In d i cators is spreading. P lant after plant is finding that here at last is an instrum ent that gives safe, positive check on overhead water gages right dow n at con venient eye le v e l. . . o n a b rillian t scale that is visible even in total darkness. Yarway Rem ote Liquid Level Indicators are accu rate because they are operated by the boiler w ater itself . . . by the pressure differential between a con stant head of w ater and the varying head in the boiler drum . Indicating m echanism is perfectly balanced on jew elled bearings, and is never under pressure. T herefore, no stuffing boxes are required. A ction is instant, constant, frictionless. M ade for panel m ounting or wall m ounting, and suitable for all pressures up to 1500 psi. N early 3,000 have already been bought for indicat ing boiler w ater levels, superheater pressure dif ferentials, feed-w ater-heater levels and other liquid levels. W rite, for Bulletin W G -1821. Roger A . Martin, Southern Rep. YARNALL-W ARIN G COM PANY Bona Allen Bldg., Atlanta 3, Ga. 1946 83 for "User's Choice" of Piping Materials it's the Complete CRANE Line ONE SOURCE O f SUPPW ONE RESPONSIBILITY ONE STANDARD OF QUALITY Piping systems operate under varying conditions. What con ditions should dictate your choice of piping materials, you can best determine. Then Crane helps you meet those specific requirements with the world's largest line of valves, fittings, pipe and piping accessories for all applications. By demonstrating the merits of all types of materials, Crane, with 90 years' experience, enables you to choose correctly for every need. O rdering from the Crane line simplifies all piping jobs. Your Crane branch o r W holesaler supplies all m aterials. Y ou're sure to g et a b etter installation and better performance w ith all p arts of uniform quality, backed by single responsibility. This complete C rane service is made-to-order for your peacetime program . SERVICE RECOMMENDATIONS: Crane Standard Iron Body Globe and Angle Valves meet all general service requirements with w orking pressures up to 1 2 5 pounds steam. Brass-trim m ed valves are recom m ended for steam, w ater, and fluids non-corrosive to brass o r iron; all-iron valves for fluids th at corrode brass but not iron. Also available with choice o f com position discs for steam, h o t w ater, cold w ater, air, oil, and o th er services. In sizes from 2 in. u p --w ith screwed o r flanged ends. C rane also m akes iro n body globe and angle valves in all-iron; w ith brass trim ; and w ith com position disc; in sizes from K to 2 in . R a te d a t 1 5 0 p o u n d s ste a m , 2 50 p o u n d s co ld . See y o u r C rane catalog. Pages 143 to 151. CRANE CO., G eneral Offices: 836 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago 5, 111. Branches and Wholesalers Serving A ll Industrial Areas C R A N E iAkin i nv/ iAil VALVES FITTINGS PIPE PLUMBING HEATING PUM PS i i i 9ui*|,6r wpany, Carbon r Mth bating war. >val of bolds le and e and st op ted in 'e car1 butses or lower wall guishelease ck for * may ervice t the seting 5 size ndus- bury, >ed a vhich t in1 one mely 1,HEW EQUIPMENT--Continued Portable G reasing Unit Pressurelube, I nc., 609 West 134th Street, New York 31, N. Y., have developed a new completely portable `greasing unit. ' Equipment can be supplied with a grease gun for every purpose and is ` available either with battery pow ered or gasoline driven motor. Flex ible, economical operation is assured by its complete portability--no elec tric cord or air hose is required. Unit delivers up to 12,000 lbs., steady, con sistent pressure which is instantly ' available to clear the most obstinate | channel stoppages and effect complete | lubrication of parts. Compact design r increases portability. New High-Speed Pneumatic Tool For Making Electrical Connections I Burndy Engineering Co., Inc., New Fork 54, N. Y., have announced a | new, bench mounted, pneumatic "Hyt press" for installing "Hydent" (in} dent-type) connectors on small elec trical wire and cable. The complete :ated strucon- pro- ilow l or connection is made in one quick, de automatically controlled stroke of the con press which indents the connector trol onto the wire at the same time the insulation grip is closed. Bui* The die sets are tilted at a slight angle in order to make it easy for the operator to see that the work _ * PACKING SELECTIONS MADE EASY You can alw ays put yaur finger on the RIGHT choice for every service when you standardize on PALMETTO Packings. That's because the PALMETTO line is SIMPLE, yet COMPLETE. No com plexities, no uncertainty . . . for each grade gives good results in a broad range of applications. PALMETTO High-Preure folded Albertos Casket Albertos Metallic Sheet Packing Albertos Metallic Gasket Tape NOW AVAILABLE Our handy Packing Application Chart w ill help you. m ake a selection for trial . . . w rite for your FREE copy. GREENE, TWEED & CO . Bronx Boulevard at 1381k Stre et, N ew York 66. N. Y . Plants a t New York, N. Y., and North W alas, Pennsylvania C U TN O for a lk a lis . M JP F R C U TN O (b lu e SPALeMETi fTOf PACKINGS asbestos) for acids KlfcRO for foods NEW EQUIPMENT--Continued any used previously, virtually eliminates wear and replacement. Further details are given in Bulletin 49P. Flexible Tubing The Warner Brothers Company, Bridgeport, Conn., have developed a new type of flexible tubing, noncollapsible under plus or minus pres sures and retractable to about oneeighth its extended length, for port r able or semi-permanent ventilation or any handling of air, gases or light solids. ^ A feature of the Spiratube construc tion is the method of spiral-stitch- , ing the spring core within the fabric. The inside surface is free of wire, ridges, providing far less resistance, to air flow and no obstruction to the , passage of solids. Sharp bends can be made with only slight reduction of air flow and without the use of elbows or special fittings. The tubing is con-' siderably lighter than metal duct or moulded tubing, and takes up less space when retracted. The standard Spiratube is made of long-fibre duck, having a bursting strength of 170psi; the fabric is processed fire-resistant and covered with tough, durable ther moplastic. It is furnished in standard diameters from 3 inches to 16 inches, and in lengths of 10, 15 and 25 feet. Continuous Duty Electronic A ir Filter HORIZOHTAL PUMPS American Air F ilter Company, 125 Central Ave., Louisville 8, Kentucky, announce the latest addition to their lines of electronic air filters, the Electro-Airmat in which the collec tor element is electrostatically charged Airmat paper. Introducing an entirely new principle in Elec tronic air filtration, the arrestance rating of the Electro-Airmat is 90% or better with atmospheric dust or smoke. The filter weighs 40% less than Electronic filters having metal plate collectors and requires 30% less floor area. Peerless (form erly Dayton-Dowd) H orizontal Centrifugal split case or solid volute pumps, single and multi-stage are found wherever reliability, de pendability and economical operating are desired. Engineered and manufactured with a view to long life, Peerless Pumps are available for all classes of pumping requirements. The right pump Ter the right oh. AH inquiries and sped /cations processed by trained engineers. PEERI PEERLESS PUMP DIVISION Food M achinery Carp. 120 Condensate Sewage Chemicals VERTICAL PUMP TYPES: Deep Well Turbine Hi-Lift (Moyno Type) Centrifugal Sewage Jet Shallow Well Hydro-Foil (propeller) Airmat is American Air Filter's umps I trade name for composed of a a cellulose number of product piles of porus, tissue-like sheets formed of short cellulose fibers. It is unlike any other filtering media. When an FACTOM BS LOS ANGELES 31 , C A f'O R N IA 301 W eit Avenue Twenfy-*** I electrostatic charge is applied to Air H mat, the plies tend to separate and QUINCY, ILL * CANTON 6 OHIO each individual fiber becomes a col lecting electrode which attracts and holds the dust and smoke particles. SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for JANUARY, 1946 Simplify Steam Condensate Meter Maintenance . To maintain normal volu metric capacity of your steam con densate meter units, periodic over haul and re-standardization are necessary. YoH,?an sPeed up and sim plify conditioning of your units for accurate recording of steam flow adopting this performanceproved Oakite maintenance clean ing method. Immerse meter drums in so lution of Oakite Composition No. 24 or other recommended Oakite material. Then rinse. If lime-scalc and rust are present, immerse units in solution of Oakite Com pound No. 32. Rinse and neutral ize. You will find that this lowcost method saves time; does a thorough job; restores full record ing efficiency. Send for FREE Digest Now! Send today for FREE 20-page Digest describing successfully used Oakite materials and techniques that will help you expedite this and 70 similar main tenance jobs! OAKITE PRODUCTS, INC. 23A Thames Street, New York 6, N. Y. Teelinico/ Service ftepretenlal/ves toeoierfrn All Principal CiK.. of r t . UmW SloiM and Cana*. O A K IT E CLEANING mithods s * y 128 { H y g ie n e j (Continued from page 90) 3 r (5) See that all engineering sketches, prints, and other data have been correct*?* and posted in order that engineering accounting records may be complete. Som e Things to Check at Varietur I (3) See that the men and machines are T im es properly equipped and ready to start on the job, (4) Check the number of men to do the (1) Check the progress of men under you? job. supervision to see if they are advancing in the craft art and in the general under During the Day standing of the work they are supposed to do, (1) Check against lost motion or lost time (2) Maintain cooperative relationships with other foremen and other depart 1 t I due to workmen waiting on material. (2) Check or observe workmen to see ments, (3) Maintain proper human relationships ?* that orders and instructions are thoroughly with the men under your supervision, understood and being carried out properly, (3) Check for the proper use, distribution (4) Watch the job continually to see that S any suggestions made are passed on for and temporary storage of materials on the proper consideration, job, (5) Watch yonr labor turn-over: (4) See that tools and equipment are returned to their proper places when not (a) Try to appreciate cost of labor turn-over, in use, (5) See if there are too many or too (b) Maintain the proper type of dis cipline, few men on the job. (c) Watch the progress of men in re (6) Be always ready to listen to com gard to wages and promotion, ment on or suggestions offered by work* men, (d) Keep the man on the job that he likes and can do. (7 ) Any orders given on the job should be double checked to see that they are (e) Be fair and impartial in your treat ment of the men, clearly understood, (8) Check the handling of materials and (f) Be fair and square in your criti cisms and inspection, tools by the workmen on the job to see that such handling is done in accordance (g) Study and analyze the company's policies, especially those in regard to with standard practices and is done safe ly, economically and easily, wages and working conditions in order that you might interpret them properly (9) As the workmen inspect their own work as they finish it and you yourself to the men. (0) See if you are getting the most pro check the jobs as they are done, check materials being wasted or thrown away duction possible from the workmen. which can be salvaged, (a) Check yourself as to your instruc tion and direction, (10) See that all warning devices and guards arc placed, (b) Check your attitude as to com ments and suggestions, (11) See that all necessary protective de vices such as goggles and safety belts are (c) Check youTself in the way you give orders to the men, worn. (d) Be sure that you rate your men on a At the End of the Day fair and impartial basis, (e) Check your men continually for 1 physical and mental suitability, (1) See that all materials, tools, and equipment are stored away for the night, ( t ) Be on the alert for human prob .1 lems. f (2) Sec that all salvaged or returned ma terials and junk are properly accounted (7) Take advantage of every opportunity to improve yourself. tor and prepared for disposal, (3) Check all necessary items to be in (a) Attend foremen's conferences, (b) Study everything that you can get cluded in daily reports, (4) Make all necessary daily reports, not your hands on that will help you with your job, h allowing them to accumulate) (5) Record all data necessary for weekly, (e) Consult with other supervisors In other departments in order to learn monthly, and end of the job reports. Do not trust your memory. about their jobs and thus improve your own methods. ) (d) Take advantage of every oppor* End of the Job tunity to learn more about the preven tion of accidents. (e) Keep informed of all the latest (1) Check in all equipment and tools, methods and ways of doing the various noting condition as well as type and num jobs which come under your super ber, vision, (2 ) Make all necessary arrangements for (f) Watch for changes in materials, the next job to be done, checking to sc tools, and equipment, how It ties into the job just finished. (g) Keep yourself informed not only on (8) Check all returned material, salvage, the things pertaining to your job but and junk for proper disposal, to those things which will make you a (4) See that all necessary reports have well-rounded, well-balanced man as well been made and forwarded. as a foreman. .................. TEMPLETON RETURN STEAM TRAPS I lor Pumping, Boiler Feeding, Draining, Pumps Water at any temperature or pressure. Open float cannot burst or waterlog -I Valves and Seat Bronse or Stainless i Steel. Sizes 1 in. to 4 in. inlet and outlet. Capacity 2500 lbs. to 60.000 lbs. water discharge per hr* Ask for catalogue and prices TEMPLETON BROS., INC. 699 Main S t. Walpole, Mass. SOUTHERN POWER * INDUSTRY for JANUARY, l?46 SOUTh  DESIGN f o r JO O C tfi TEMPERATURE CONTROL Final steam temperature control with an all convection type superheater invariably requires a compromise between two limiting conditions. FIRST--when furnace exit temperatures to the superheater are high enough to obtain the desired control range, slagging of the boiler and superheater surfaces may result. SECOND--when gas temperatures to the superheater are low enough to prevent slag ging, the desired control range cannot be met. The necessity for compromise can be eliminated by using a combination radiant and convection type superheater. Slagging in the boiler and super heater can be eliminated and a high final steam temperature maintained over a wide load range. SOUTHERN POWER 4 INDUSTRY for JANUARY, IM i SouT, FINAL STEAM TEMPERATURE FIRST* The first high pressure public utility steam generating unit designed for 1000F. final steam temperature will go into service during 1946 at the Atlantic City, N. J. station of the Atlantic City Electric Company. Capacity is 310,000 lb. steam per hour at a pressure of 1550 psi. This marks another milestone in design progress for high-pressure, high-temperature steam generating units. problem The engineering problem here was to design a superheater which could dehver steam at 1000F. find temperature over a wide load range, and in addition, satisfy the second condition of slag-free operation. SATISFYING BOTH CONDITIONS The Foster Wheeler combination radiant and convection type superheater satisfies both requirements. Offsetting characteristics of the two superheater types balance to yield an almost constant final steam temperature over a wide load range. As the load increases the steam temperature from the radiant section decreases, while temperature from the convec tion section increases. Condenser type control provides what regulation is necessary to maintain a steady 1000 over the load range of 130,000 lb. to 310,000 lb. steam per hour. The second condition--freedom from slagging--is the resut of combining radiant and convection heat-absorbing surfaces, permitting the specified temperature of 1000 to be obtained, while furnace exit temperatures to the convection superheater are kept below the slagging point. FOSTER W HEELER CORPORATION 165 Broadway New York 6, N.Y. k.iniicTDY JANUARY. 1946 155 A D V E R T IS E R S IN D E X The Advertisers' Index is published as a convenience, and not as a part of the advertising contract. Every care will be taken to index correctly. No allowance will be made for errors or failure to insert. A Ace Co............................................................. Adel, Ga,, City o f.......................................156 Airetool Mfg. Co.......................................... 140 Aldrich P um p Co.......................................... 24 Allen B radley Co.......................................... - A llen-S herm an-H off Co............................ * AUis-Chalm ers Mfg. Co............................ 7 Alipax Co., In c.............................................. 124 A m erican Coal B u rn er Co........................144 A m erican E ngineering Co. (S to k e rs).. 2f> A m erican E ngineering Co. (H o ists). . . . 91 A m erican Locom otive Co............. 72 and 73 A m erican M onorail Co...................... 42 A m erican P ulverizer Co............................. 131 A naconda W ire & Cable Co..................... 93 Anderson Co., V. D.................................... * April Show ers Co........................................ 130 A rkansas F uel Oil Co................................ 14 A rm strong M achine W o rk s.................. ..145 Audel & Co., T h eo .......................................152 B B ab b itt Steam Specialty Co.............. ...150 B abcock & W ilcox (B o ilers)................. Babcock & W ilcox (R efrac to rie s)........ * Bacharach Industrial Instrum ent Co... B adham In sulation Co.............................. * Bailey M eter Co............... 23 B aldw in-D uckw orth Division ................ 137 Belm ont P ack in g & R ubber Co............. * Betz, W . H. & L. D.................................... 22 B ird -A rch er Co............................................. * B tack b u rn -S m ith Mfg. Co., In c............... * Bowser, In c.................................................... * B rad-F oote G ear W o rk s........................... * Brown In stru m en t Co................................ * Brownell Co.................................................136 Buell Engineering Co., Inc................... 123 Buesman Mfg. Co....................... 148 and 149 c Caine Steel Co........................................... 29 Oalmes Engineering Co........................... 15 Carborundum Co........................................ * Carolina Refractories Co..........................152 Chain Belt Co............................................. 137 Chapman Valve Mfg. Co......................... 40 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co...................... 153 Cities Service Oil Co................................ D Classified Ads ............................................156 Cleveland Chain & Mfg. Co.................... * Clipper Belt Lacer Co.............................. * Cole Instrument Co.................................. 140 Cole Mfg. Co., R. D.................................. * Combustion Eng. Co., Inc...........20 and 21 Combustion Equipment Division........... 30 Condenser Service & Eng'g Co.. l i e . .. * Continental Gin Co.................................... 152 Cooper-Bessemer Corp............................... 95 Crane C om pany........................................ Ill o Dampney Co. of America. . ... * Dart Mfg. Co., E. M.............................. i i 4 Davis Regulator Co................................... K7 Dayton Rubber Mfg. Co......................... * Dearborn Chemical Co........................... * De Laval Steam Turbine C o ............. * Detroit Stoker Co...................................... 14 Eagle Mfg. Co.................... Sagle-Picher Co......................................... 17 Edward Valves, Inc.................................. 77 Elgin Softener Corp...................................if9 Elliott Co..................................................... 18 Engineer Co................................................ * Ernst Water Column & Gage Co.........152 Everlasting Valve C o............................... * F Fairbanks, Morse & Co........... ....147 Fedders Mfg. Co., Inc...............................124 Fisher Governor Co.................................. Flexible Steel Lacing Co..........................157 FlexitalUc Gasket Co.............................. 81 Foster Engineering Co............................. * Foster Wheeler Corp................154 and 155 Foxboro Co.................................................... 26 Frick Company ........................................ 150 F ulton Sylphon Co...................................... * Fyr-Feecier Spreader S toker Division. .144 G Gardner-Denver Co................................... Garlock Packing Co.................................. 33 General Cable Corp....................138 and 139 General Coal Co......................................... General Electric Co....................... 38 and 39 General Electric Co. (Bridgeport)......... li Golden-Anderson Valve Specialty Co... 32 Goulds Pumps, Inc.................................... * Gould Storage Battery Corp.................. Green Fuel Economizer Co., Inc........... * Greene, Tweed & Co................................115 Grlnnell Co.................................. Back Cover Grlscom-Russell Co.................................. 107 Gulf Oil Corp..................... ........................ 37 H Haering & Co., Inc., D. W .................... * Hays Corporation .................................... * Hercules Float Works..............................126 Hoffman Combustion Eng'g Co. .34-and 35 Huyette Co., Inc., Paul B........................144 i Ingalls Iron Works Co............................. Ingersoll-Rand Co........................................ 83 International Nickel Co., Inc.................. * Iron Fireman Mfg. Co............................. * j Jenkins Bros....................Inside Back Cover Johns-Manvllle .......................................... Johnson Service Co................................. Jones Fdy. & Mch. Co., W A............. 142 K Kewanee Boiler Corp................................ * Kirk & Blum Mfg. Co............................ 151 L Layne & Bowler, Inc.................................132 Leavitt Machine Co.................................. * Leslie Com pany........................................ * Liberty Engineering &Mfg. Co............... 151 Lilie Hoffman CoolingTowers, Inc___ 143 Lincoln Electric Co.................................... * Link Belt Co............................................... 89 Lowell Wrench Co.................................... 142 Ludlow Valve Mfg. Co., Inc.................. * Lummus Company .................................. * Lunkenheimer Co........................................ 97 M M. & H. Valve & Fittings Co.............. * Manzel Brothers Co.................................. 146 Marsh Corp., James P............................. * Marion Machine, Fdy. & Supply Co.... 130 Mason-Neilan Regulator Co.................... * Mechanical Equipment Co...................... 156 Midwest Piping & Supply Co., Inc....... 16 Moccasin Bushing Co.............................. * Monarch Fuse Co., Ltd........................... 125 Morse Chain Co......................................... 79 Murray Iron Works Co........................... 144 N N ational A lum iuate Corp.......................... 1 National Boiler Protector Co................ 146 National Electric Products Corp................ 4 National Valve & Mfg. Co..................... * Niagara Blower C o . . . . . ............................127 Nicholson & Co., W. H........................... 146 Northern Equipment Co......................... 99 Nugent & Co., Inc., Wm. W .................. * O O akite Products, Inc.................................. 128 Otis Elevator Co........................................ 28 Owens-Corning Fiberglass Corp............ p Peabody Engineering Corp......................146 Peerless Pump Division ......................... 120 Permutit Company .................................. * Philco Corporation .................. Front Cover Pittsburgh Piping & Equipment C o.... 87 PUbrlco Jointless Firebrick Co.............. 132 Powell Co., Wm......................................... 141 Powers Regulator Co................................ 126 Prat-Daniel Corp....................................... Pritchard & Co., J. F .............................119 Q Quaker Rubber Corp................................ 136 R Raybestos-Manhattan Corp.................... Readlng-Pratt & Cady Division.............105 Refinery Supply Co.................................. * Reliance Electric & Engineering Company ................ Inside Front Cover Republic Flow Meters Co....................... Republic Rubber D iv isio n ...................... 2 Richardson Scale Co................................ 121 Rockwood Mfg. Co................................... * Ross Heater & Mfg. Co.......................... 36 Roto Division ........................................... 101 Round & Son, David................................ * s Sarco Co., Inc..................... 9 Shearhouse, James D...............................156 Shell Oil Co., Inc....................................... * Shepard Niles Crane & HoWt Corp.... 117 Sinclair Refining Co.................................129 Skilsaw, Inc................................................ * Skinner Engine Co.................................... Smooth-On Mfg. Co.................................. 136 Snap-On Tools Corp................................ 2 Socony-Vacuum Oil Co........................... 31 Southern Natural Gas Co....................... * Southern Railway System ...................... 69 Southern States Iron Roofing Co......... * Squires Co., C. E ..................................... 142 Stow Mfg. Co., Inc.................................... * Strong, Carlisle & Hammond Co................ * Sturtevant Co., B. F ................................ * Swartwout Co..................... * Syntron Com pany.................................... 150 T Taylor Forge & Pipe Works...................160 Templeton Bros., Inc............................... 128 Tennessee Corp......................................... * Tennessee Eastman Corp........................Iu6 Terry Steam Turbine Co., The. 134 and 135 Texas Co..................................................... 1 Todd Shipyards Corp. (Combustion Equipment Division) ......................... 30 Trico Fuse Mfg. Co..................................15< Troy Engine & Machine Co................... uUnion Asbestos & Rubber Co...84 and 85 United States Rubber Co........................109 V Voss Co.. J. H. H......................................133 Vulcan Soot Blower Corp........................124 wWant Ads .................................................. 156 Warren Steam Pump Co., Inc................ 13 Watchemoket Optical Co., Inc.............. * Webster Engineering Co. ...................... * Westinghouse Electric Corp.................... * Wheeler Mfg. Co., C. H........................... 142 Wilson, K. R...............................................140 Wing Mfg. Co., L. J.................................103 Worthington Pump & Machinery Corporation ............................ 11 and 15 Wrigley Jr., Co., William........................118 Y Yarnall-Waring Co........................ 19 and $7 158 SOUTHERN POW ER & INDUSTRY for JAN UARY, 1946