Document g646QEYmZx0GoVyJEdZyYmd3

FILE NAME: National Safety Council (NSC) DATE: 1940 Oct 8 DOC#: NSC067 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: NSC - 29th National Safety Congress - Presentation Governmental Safety Service in Industry - Many Articles il l " ^V^wirV^'Xiiev^.^'^sibn-^.yifTas^^ v^.rdtrr^i'^ ?M :jCn;drm .sm;i'Vpyta;`A V ru l^ t;e ;v G h a ir uiMn Ind u strial Commission. Maui son, W ts, who presided. In his opening rem arks the Chairm .ui discussed briefly the scope and importance of the service which government ticularly m assisting in th e 01 ganization oi standard safety m easures. H e then', in tro duced tlie speakers m ordei, as follow s; Srs a fi_e_g u a rdj i: _n_g HMf f .a...n...p.. .o....w...--e r [f,,o rr , nG. --r e a te r CPVrrovd u c t i o n . By V. A. ZIM M ER D irecto r D ivision of L abor Standard, U. S. D epartm ent of L abor, W ashington, D. C. ^ ^ VU m today engaged in the greatest am ple m anpow er to operate o u r w ar unpl< M C S f v S m iig n d n a D history of the v odd, incuts, c\cn against the rest o t the woih a lO-hilhon-dollat cam paign:^U pbnf:ts% ucs; | | i L | n r c c 5 t ^ j | B t i t | ; ^ ^ cess depends' the .security and the w elfare mechanics is certainly n o tlim itless,.a-x l-in - 1.-..1Hrj u' T,r .i.-iC it .'^tii V jB i. l'il , M g .f. < ' . .j,-;- hem isphere ................ .... ., . ., , .alniicoroparison .-with this colossal under- ta k in g " to r the .isafcty of 'civilization, any effort to save thel.lives and lim bC of a few ihousind human b u n , s mas to the uper fiend- m in d ,.seem trivial. In reality the re verse 1 tru e \ c v e r has there lx.cn more uu.'rnt need for .safety"'action than now. * exnosiires u n d e r a 'v astly , accelerated;;pacejf>M raK*W .1* , ot production. , -v Accidents and otherf employment under ordinary operation o W < - a n n............. j . dustry annually cause about 16.0W dead s | and one a n d a hr m illion disabling 11 , , | juries. These disabilities tanks are no protection against a m edian- render mem unaeeepiao.r TM zed invading force. Thev are eft liv e only military duty. N o country' can afford tlis,, when actually on hand and ready for action labor wastage when preparedness, produv ; , -J j 'T hese'-.vita"l. /..im.plements l-or diel-iia:;:,arc:i;y,;,n:o..n , i'-s w orkinfg"'a3raln5t'^ya,::tCtcaayllnc.^;T^Nv;rMl;M^^':T'','^l'k,^'{; tashdiioionnecdd routit i o ft i; rraaww' :materrials , bDAv .IhIuU1mLa4JnJ .:........A\s2 i1tC stands today undvewrpj,l*a-ns---; and4 at>; * , , hands . skilled .'.Iti . c ra fts m a n sh ip . and .-trained p ropriations alread y ' made,"Ilt v tl i n s c V i^ lK P f- in production-.met ltods..iHere- in this co untry grant will involve' the-' em ploym ent* o f %.n we .-have raw .m aterials . aplentv : a su p p ly estim ated 4,500,000 men,- over a -petiod p ra c tic a lly .in e x h a u stib le . .'T o o , .we ' nave four to fise years O f these, 3,000,000 w 11 1 w ` 107 "iM'fui ri 1 PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT __________________________ ___ m | g L wmmmm 108 29th National Safety Congress be skilled o r semiskilled workers, ami only 1,500,000 will be classified as unskilled. How to get and how to keep this vast arm y of trained men in continuous, uninterrupted production' is the essence of the whole de fense problem. It is im perative, of course, that we im mediately speed up our processes for train ing more mechanics to keep pace with the demand for more output. Fortunately plait' to this end are already well advanced, p la n ' which are sufficiently broad in -co|>c to in'tire a continuous source of -apply u| kjii which industry may draw. The United States nepartm ent of Labor has its particular part in the concerted drive to develop m ore r e sources of sound era ft'm a n 'h ip 'O c n e m ia l to the production of needed im plem ent' of defense. It has already, under the sanction of the Congress, expanded its apprenticeship p ro m otion functions and is devoting i t ' full lacililies to the development o f apprentice ship program s in industry. T he Office of Kducation, the CCC, the Youth A dm inistra tion. and the W l'A are all engaged in build ing lip a reservoir ot trained prtxlurtion manpower. Hut while we arc setting in m o tion th e m achinery t<> augm ent our 'k illed lalior supply, w e. must concurrently' make every effort to avid th e unnecessary h i" o f men who are already skilled, and who are now engaged in iru{Kirtant productive work. M echanics are not made overnight. It may sharpen this jk<int to keep in mind that four re a rs ' time is needed to turn out the fullfledged m achinist, which incidentally is e x actly the time required to produce a ju n io r arm y officer in our greatest m ilitary school. And incidentally, ju-t as the officer is the key man in his unit ot the Arm y, mi is the -killed mechanic the key man in the p ro duction unit. Replacement of either i- too co-tly to be lightly regarded. F ortunately there is no rca.-on why indus trial accident and health hazards should con tinue to sap our supply of -killed w orker-, h v ery experienced safety man in the country know - by experience w hat are the prevail ing causes of accidents. They know that every work accident has a definite rau-e, and tltat usually it is one that can Ik- easily remedied or corrected. Those men know well that the old adage "Accidents will happen'' is true only if there has Ix-cn fail ure of management to provide -afe condi tion'. or failure o f workm en to observe safe work practices. The substantial tru th of this statement has been proved by the experience of scores of our leading industrial enter prises. Many of them have almost completely eliminated lost-time injuries incident to w o rk ' operations simply hv diagnosing the acci dent oau-e- and then removing the cause'. T ht-e results were not obtained through the u~e of secret form ula, patented p ro c esses or highly technical procedure, but through a practical common-sense applica tion of know ledge acquired th ro u g h <-x1'ierience and intelligent o bservation. Tinonly kin-hip to genius aliout these siicces-fu! program s h e ' in trie fact th at safety, like geniit-. con-ists of infinite atten tio n to detail T here would probably be no reason for the pre-ent concern a 1tout the con -creatio n of mantvower in industry I F the safety lesson learned .and applied by some of o u r largest concern- had in-pin-d the m ajority of our industrial en terp rise', includin'.: the large mmtlK-r ot relatively small uni'.-, to follow suit. U n fo rtu n ately this is not th e case, ashmvn by reference to the annual toll of death- and injuries. These heavy casualties plainly are occurring in the m any ojx-ratiotis wherein management, for one reason or another, has failed to adopt sound acci dent prevention method-. We have already entered the fir-t pha-e of a vast preparedness program which probably will not reach its peak for another year. C ontract- for goods and supplies are W-ing widely distributed among relatively -mall industrial unit-; new w orkers are being brought in older and m ore experienced mechanics arc Iveing recalled a fte r a long period of idleness or interm ittent employ ment. T h u s we have the ``green" and the "ru-ty" w orker facing new ami unfam iliar h azard-, o ften brought about by change- in processes and methods. Records have shown clearly that work accidents and injuries occur most frequently among newly employed workers. The recent report of the Bureau of Labor Statistics -hows that industrial employment in this country increased approxim ately one-half million in the m onth of A ugust, an increase larger than in any sim ilar period since 1920. Along with the increased accident hazard incident due to this great influx of new w orker-, it can 1xr expected that as the (rovt-nnucntal Safety Service in Industry 109 tempo of production increases, a substantial increase in accidents may lie expected, even among t)u- M.-asonrd plant ixvrsonnel. Irt the mailt, labor w astage through work injuries is largely a small plant problem. If we can prevail upon these smaller e n te r prises to adopt and apply preventive m eth ods, -o successfully used h_\ leading indus trialists. we will be able to reduce materially, T even eliminate the m ultitude of disabling injuries which fashion a dragline on p ro duction. \ \ ith tins thought in mind, the Secretary of LaUir recently developed and announced a plan w hereby any industrial unit in the l'm u d States, no m atter how small, that is engaged ujion G overnm ent cuiitiacts, -ran, without cost, have the advice, the counsel, and .(he technical services o f leading .Amer ican ex|-erts in the field of accident preven tion. Under this plan these experts will not iw -upplted from W ashington They will be supplied by industry itself. f r o m -unic O! the foremost ln d u -trir- in ditlcrent MXtions of the country ihe d e partm ent of I_alxjr has secured the volun tary service of a group of highly trained, thoroughly experienced safety engineers, who stand ready to -e ric the (rovcm incnt and the 1ctense P ro g ram . These cxisrrth a \e placed their services at the disposal of any plant m anagem ent producing goods or m aterial- for the Federal Government. They -tand ready to go into the shops and fac tories, and upon request, to appraise existing health and safety exposure-, to analyze the conditions, and to give u> management d e tailed advice-on the correction or control o: iiir-e exjsosures. T hey will aid in setting up and instructing plant safety com m ittees; they will advise about m ethods o f educating employees in sa te w ork practices; they will suggest means for gaining the w orkers' co<il*erat:u!i in accident program s. In -hort, these safety specialists from within industry itself, will bring to .small ojicrator- everywhere exactly the same tal ent and technique with which large industry suecc--fiiily com bats these hum an loss-. 1 should like to make d e a r that this is not a policing project. O ur voluntary safety expert- are not enforcem ent officers; they are not factory inspectors. The plan' docs not -uppiam the regulatory authority o f the S tates as applied to all w ork places. It is expected that plants oisernting on G orern- ment contracts will continue to comply with all of the requirem ents of the S tates in which they operate. Neither does he plan add any irksome or restrictive regulations to any existing F'ederal standard. It simply bring- into play along our entire defense production line the highly qiecialized en gineering and educational facilities which can lie expected to .w ip e out that persistent enemy to the sm ooth flow of production, namely disabling injuries of our trained workers. Perliaps it would not be an overstatem ent of the situation to term this project an all profit pool, in w hich the G overnm ent, m an agement and labor participiale and share equally in the liencfits. M anagem ent profits through uninterrupted and less costly pro duction. Labor profits by uninterrupted wages and earnings. G overnm ent profits by an assurance of on-time delivery of u r gently needed defense materials. As i>ari of this plan there has been -et up a National Committee for M anpower Con-ervation, composed of widely known indus trial safety promotion experts, together with representatives of labor, having a primary interest and concern in accident control. A idM by this com m ittee, the I >epartment of Labor has already prepared arai issued a special bulletin outlining the m ajor factors in the elim ination of w ork injuries, as well as im portant in fo rm atio n in respect to methods for controlling health exposures through the application of relatively simple engineering devices and techniques. This bulletin i> largely directed to the attention of the employer,-who alone can bring about the proper physical conditions requisite for control of work hazards. Special Bulletin No. 2 will lie off the pres iti a few days, and it is directed definitely to w orkers in defense industries and will a t tempt to -how concisely w hat the w orker ran contribute to accident prevention pro gram s. n this latter undertaking we have had the full cooperation of advisers from lalior organizations, who will actively assist in arousing keener interest of labor in the -afets-tor-defense movement. These bulle tins will Ik; follow ed by a series of others dealing in g reater detail w ith various -pccific exposures and inform ation aliout acceptable and practicable methods of control. To sum m arize in a single sentence w hat I have said in this ta lk : If we are to lie assured I.. :. .. f ;'; '.'"y- ;; ;. -.; ; ., ; y-.-'. : r ...-.j; ,; ;--rJ ,1' 'r '- j 'j i l -" *>y '*"<!("j ' V V'Sy . ..:rll:^,--^?^;v;;:y '!-.,.".':V'\*'.V-' ' : '' v 1 |iU 20..loo 400 100 `.up llIjS ikO ||| P S : |S|gn5?i:'iri' fS S S S S k I l i l i l l i p i l I i l |f 5 0 |i i i ' 100 W /'l ItifeisifiiS iiiS I 5, 5 pad o7em3 wie) ;?'-7^5's,rv viJ:'^: Q r b o a ; t t r d 3 io r io e 1 0 0 100 Cbkxrirae 0 .3 5 IX) C h k tro w i^b rb ^^ 5 C h b ro d * p h * n g te 5 G lttools IjO 0 0 0 1000 Stfzsl I to 5 1.0 ""ar Mb JU^ivL;i ;c V1if Vi;- ^^fjitesnctwrcj ;f i\ t :}' ,;r-:'-. M ethyl toeteol N rtroge oxides fM itrobm rol [liirii wmsm Sft.ld jiff? S uipburj dksude :/ ChkirtStbatlia T tf^ re c h k jre tfc o jte fa e T r datonetfayteoe T o lo b l T u rp en tin e Xgkd :ZSie^^CRKwdk I ^ Mi&i*}; 15 Mp i'ject.vcoraposed o f ',industrial .physicians, -vcn v.itiillmatioonn'i mU igprn ccervvi.imndduussttrriiauli;, insurance 1cari ca n - be ' realised :practically?iwhile.?<a':niore^mS^i n.rji,giuid ''-stan..d. ar. d''w.o.u-!li--d>ib1'siri-"'j--"ftlf.r--e,Yj"e.*c-,ted, and w e *** i trs.'and toxicologists, who are trying to set should be leftW ith. up W a r d for use in industry. ^ t . I TM *>* W`U^ to - p t J a K j \ o . . t a , mc have dealt conclusively only loai rather than no bread, but ^ i r t A ' wtMtkn t h'tw two o:'gases leases i iand ana . A i two wo : s{V vu ola uu ttle k. , ; S o l y t s , . . u ..l ^ t o w 1 d i t c h , . . . o f . ~ ^ "cairlbuon1 m o6noxide and. .hy. drogen sullpihitde, .; rO\ c- w~ p a t t oTn4..W^ ^rt*^* 6 JirtWillmsT to ffO hrtirol and carbon drsulphide. T he limits higher than 7a ppm , and Y ai^ ell Hender , e adopted ><sor. the p resent, are,, shown, on the sou. o f Yale,.V r a te . t P"*" * ^ "u comiianviriK '.'chart. 'Benrol stands at 100 . against 100 ppm., saying--that- if 20 ppnt. is .......... - ppm chiefly because o f the insistence of our feasible for hydrogen sulphide and carbon in'iirance members that this is an ideal that disulphide, he can see no reason why it is SSI iSf.-'i m K m l< 'fs i P p ^ ic | ^ ' 1 __, IO1 5 >0 -100 fSTMn,te 25 M uisw ttce i ,, - ,D " * ^ 1,1 ' ' 1 ;V;l: m ip : Wk ted^anilinft andfem trobm m w 4lim lh< !Jntol^loxi< ^t^raiu^ljalK iraior> V f^i" v./i-i-T;ij. j ' 1 f;roup;l \ \ re h ave' little'data'W ith' rcgajrd;t<V-;l'=f(!]iO'isiblc|, to /rfstabliNii _rrrtam, faiKUiiu iit.vl ^ ; i ' 1i,the'other chlorinated hvdrocarbonsj' V xceplY ^facts 'For^instance" the'Laboraton ** a b le1to u * * C l, 15, aliout which we do know .somewhat 1 state that 'the ?p ircm tage'of, tuberculosis in * m o te A s to ' th e j ('I l'h>-. , , ^ l i,,- ' h,.,~s- rw-rY**<t :i,nr,n Lr w o rk e rs: m a i l , estldl 1ls h - . iimitN chicll> from pharmacologists who; non-toxic agent tor cases o f hookworm tn- something Kvmmg ;'foffCOurse,vn^siejsei? ; tettio i. which is not the same thingA'astiin-y 'arilv dust in the air, perhaps low w ages, (hisiri.d poisoning trotn tunics ....... k `......................................................................... Donald Cmornings, ot Sanm ac. urges the , I d pass over to that \cr\ controvci sial ; adoption o f tw o lim iting concentratioi s ' ot held, obcosis, 1 need hardh emphasize, the i tree.silca-;&rrst3thc-^'primao-!Sthrei.hol<liltaii~'"'''i*_;uact,-:isoevident m the ::accompanying>diartv.l co..n...c_c_n_t_r_a_ti.o,--n , -o f, .du. s.t . in. ' Mw..h...i.c_hv .. a...,h, ealths that tnere is still much contusion ami little nun inav .be tmplo>cd.throughout his w o r k ' ; agreement among the .authorities, as..to ..the.... i tg life without a disabling, .injury., st und, :aineHintrot-; dust vcon taiiimg':,'varv'itiK:ipropor-.!ii`,;tbc.iiv`lseondarj-ii.lhreshold/';,iaT/CorKeiit)ationiP!Mfe! tions ot tree sihea that mat be permitted in m which a healthy man will ' "met itable id l workshop. T his is to be expected Poison- contract sii;encidTf&^ ing from .gases'and tunics, even it slow, does -cvt-ral' \ ^nOt.etakC-'-'^ ***-"*" si-"lt-si'.'94\ :i-ii*it'*z; f*I f `fie t - -'d'T f ifhl1*V silicosis , from .lifeci the dangerous character o<` a giv lake loundry diisi h n.av Ik rich m u Att. while consumption H W ashington m 1938, this formula w a^ Jtemussible concentration o f frec^jHhca m | s howm;itth e fcsilicail content;to'f - the./ifp r m e r i ^ p ^ iL ^chiefi>5;irk th e iU a rg e i'd u su p a rtic l^ '.^ a jd ^ fth e ^ K iiw p ^ particlr su e decreases, the n e t silica falls, non, good practice; while 30 |>cr cent 1 i n;iIl.l,fnvitJkfm. . .ayi;,%, ,e, auth:;WfnTr orn!f3erpta.VrnleciIfcyi":!k|waIdJ;e'^hi^'SilUn;^ilAkd:i:;iU1l?nillik*lSiraeticlei;,'Acblll(i'imsratiwffilli; u c fo n i? |^ ly tp a * :rb ftli|o rg e y ttru o p e 5 ;^ ^ lfI$ ||w > c r< ^ T iu < i# lio w w rri;:in o ty tra ^ ckh to undrv d u st caused bv sa n d b la stin g a n d b j Iio th NlW l o rk ,lnd M a v s K h u w u ha more chipping is needed on steel castings toundation excavating Kcw York recorn- j It om knowledge ot the minimum dose mends tor du<t containing less than 10 per t ^ requned to produce poisoning needs amph- cent free silica, 100 m illion p a r t i c l e ; (i||'JP$ lvutp, tins is sail tinei o f our knowledge ot 10 to 70 per cent, 10 million'; fot 70 p, i cent, ,, ^ <nhat cotv-utiitrs dangritous dust concentre- and ovrr, 5 million Foundry dust, aw raging f ^, tions Here the Public Health Seivice is do 20 pci cent tree silica, should be kept down ! mg much valuable work T h ru two monu to 25 per cent; the dust from ab nisiir blast * I mental investigations, of the Vermont gran cleaning, aveiaging 70 pier cent down to 10 , ,; ' iie industry and o f P w n s y h r a n i a } ; a n ^ . i ^ t t ^ .m U l i p ^ M s a c * i ^ ^ ^ J |^ ^ ^ ^ i ||i o ^ e ^ i ^ ^ ^ | ^>3\ikiiV: 'V4t.;''miritrxcr*'?havevcarried ''mVdone'W/aviforwinL^M) fnimdi-ike''-.f.lO,niiirioni:for.ttrmnitei,,!sto'i&eimills5SfMasiiIrff ;l i l l || *':y. m & \- 1^' *1Hii.'rir Vl f>^VrVi?- '.r.'.;'-`7 -v^;'r, |v)7?'-ii*`;^ V'-)' >-Nv f<r<il'tVJ f - ''L'-'- J ^ ^ S ^ S S P p i^ lS fllilf P iS lililiilP (t l f l ? $ i ^ l : . ;S ;# W e ^ ^ , u w l rMETBgeo? ;II llll| -:v i.1'1,^:y.yK*\":-J-^'-\-'/.'.V.-1.:.r.:>V n % Coaii-4% ' .)i^*if Jjg I y : - 00^000 ^ M ur ve u-. The title o f this address might w ell have lx til "Dtmocracv m Action", for I know of no other place m our National life where ' , There are still those, of course, wbo'say,.'^ y democracy has gone Lo work in more t>p~ that State Govemm enls l u t e no busines' in r ic il fashion than in the field o f developing the field of industrial" safety--that,"' g h c .i ' State industrial safety requirements. I imag- enough time, industry- itself, will ta -ry i their, tne e te n o n e promoting the art o f safety has methotls and stlf-d eselop ed standards to ^ I ' at one time or another visualized him self in tie r s nook uid come'' o f industrial A m u - the io!e of Safe-tv Dictator o f the United States and, as such, has "laid, down the law " to abolish all the- conditions, which, sear alter year are responsible for identical 'accidents happening in the same old w ) -- o \c r and over again ica. T o thest let me suggestjdth^attstthl.ey-'titrrMadiee' '! places with the State Workmen's i'om jiti Isation Commissioner who is daily , eon -' , fronted with an ever-increasing J m e -u p o t'y , j .M'j ''victim s of accidents and see, if under t h e e '1',,, cireumstancts, he could refrain iro ,n "doing > By one stroke of the pen you unified auto* mobile hand signals and standardized the method ot making a left turn. You outelawcd-.the`'maker-shi ft dadder,-.', and, y o u ^(nadc.-, it a prison offense to sell an unguarded machine Hut then vou cam e1 to a safety rrKctirig like- this and realized that about something about u "-~trom trying to , <petd r up the spiead o f the Safety Mover ent The y ; States are now demurely "m the sv im " and'1 , , ;have, as has already been demon 'rated in", > a number o' jurisdictions, an accepted plait in the fight to prevent industrial accidents' t and occupational disabilities. , J / f`" JO.OfXJ other people also have some good The problem now is not w hi ther the ^ f ideas ,and that, while perhaps slower, the eitates should be promulgating esitorccable ,\i^ Democratic way w a s after all, best. "D em onacv in Action" in the field o f in dustrial caletv regulation is a slow educa tional piocess o f "give and tike," of trial and error It means con su lting, the victim safety codes, but rather' that these cod es1 r , which art developed shall follow a 'lo g ic a l' . / 1> National pattern-- free from con bets and 1 di'.crcparicits; m other words, hat they ,, shall, be consistent with regulationsVheing-' ' foot 1the b ill and the v-orkei who has to A* we look overr the m c t h ^ s |^ p l o 3 ^ !^ .1 nd regulations R e^m uonsptjT C oeni conveinions o f the International Association o f Governmental L.iboi O fficials, committees o f ,, ( .......^ Som e tantes write the technic1 details lnto die basic statutes w-hcre, 'n sorry tin 1 , guidance in the interpretation' and appli i i ibn.fltb]i;,k : i ^ f j j ftiTiyr^/^r'l5V'?f>:.V bfitlifidr i;:^;rr-vJi;:C1--if* vr.Vi*vi.?i;-.V;c/7?;v/voir rjtVvr'i'-frfir'-Vaai-r'iHsVi;k*aV-jastfioi?iv fra u l|^ t n .^ vva`';v^:fe'-M;-;/-,"'iiv-vv-vj'-v.f.Wv,^.-5ir-(ii'i ~e<hire la v. men trie <-Un<Iar<l> art- to foe v.lndi e:\iMed m oste o f our n onfovtoteu i i:'rit^`0lOP" ^ ^11;;~*'!i*k-S?cYra;3;d;~: dK SffiStaes:W hW SrwoSt!w^ i+?5 m l*> 'lM O U R V M E N r 1 1 itMtmms;< m m m m g sm fm m w ffm w sm sB ^ ^ 0i^ ^ M m S^iv 'i;wM;'!i'-^i'^;^jSi'torv:-iiii`:; --iW^iiKi:::Si;'!k!;^ yS^iffi^^vifS^ ;';U^'Vt^;;.1j^^/1?>f^,;^^'-^'^^?'^t-r>^'^i">vVi'''']:,!r^>'Kv',:-v-'-'"`rV'^;'v:''^''-i-'v`--^-'^ '^ 'i.''-1T;'.i:-:>}>J.'^V-'r/];V'-.'-'-v^rr!>J;;J.:.-*-.--.-it"-`!s V'-v:'t--.`^-a.v<i::..' -^ '`-fx*hVii.r<.^i'-itpj 7?yi':r:T^t-5,., V .................... . !" " B ^ 'H ..... . * M M 111 '^lll |lf ^ M :GvV# P :4& ^ (X i Uj>.itiouN ex|x>sed to Siliceous d u s t ......................... ^ ^ iS^ fX on silicieou s dust. / ................ j <.enct.il population . . . mm 20-- mC-srf'M'-i .^ 4 5 --" !^ V'yiiii'i2y iiK-V3$). Si 1.1, ' 0.5 ' iic ly .O S j ^ I 3 .7 l p ; ijS44':6?Jf ;t453;i7. 'l i i i 4.9 , 12.8 g 4 i:8 H ; i i | 5 9 a | | 1.7 5.4 13.3 Sf28.8;!$ 49.6 a is ilii iM i '^ f[ t- >' t-^llt,t" w w e found Among 344 cmplo>ees o i ......... tWoajUhriAcilr ;rninin^'roYF>n:ii'n*'-^ii , Richer' Oldsc, the hi costs or tuberculosis among m i who rept _____________ ^ Influence nod Pneum onia vhA'A9i^vS':A'*:v:;^.:W ^ ;^ ^ ab i I; w^?i^.-L'--^*t i j>enod 45 to 65 \ca rs the rate amoris? biti ..'. . . . .:;:li:v,:,_ ...... - ................. --lAsw,mi>n'WatiV}. Jfarw*^trt^ &*-. icl* \li underground workers Hew i rs* and getters Males in u m r social class. . . , ;ma!es}gii 11 Ratio of ra te fo t hewer*and'get: ter* to rate for same social class: 302 111 Indiana, M issouri, and \V> orrung cor ..vS..v.,vxM,*vvpared.ii*ithid9.kjw.r'cait.iamongRbothfefarme. - . . ' . e ..- .................................;'v,;;. , a yr.* if Aaai.^vyCi.'if';L44y\ *cC^ifiL<5tvJ4CJC444cfi'^4JiJ 1 (5 .,,.:w^'idnfluenziai:;and|pneumontaf;dcal:hsi;;consthuttd,.. iiM ili .....'. fat m et' ;= ^ = s= ^ ..... ...... ... :...........------------- ..r-frk ' iri-le" 'M S i j V|f ^ if i Annual iJeath Rate ier 1.000 Age iY-nod 6 g u re s ^ o r^ V y ill^ ;B a im t^ p n S p f y ^ t^ j ^ < ^ y ^ | | i i )V'.'-fiinL-:>1v'^Vs'il ./''i Bituminous All Industrial Coal Miners .W hite M ales1 |iliAUi>Ag<Mi1,:|; ! S i S 5 0 ^ 1 i i l : : 22.3 latrgeljS|*nK&$atr!^ IffiiisSsISI I lS ^ is S is S f' 17.5 j;;faliv j-tfc|^d ^ i 62^:1 g |||4 S -6 5 ||i vir^i i';V^lc`. 11.7 . ... ................................................'. '.^ v ^ -^ k tle`(ronps .1rn/;^r ; 1.^C.::l::!:?:' ';'i:/!:--w'w-A q-w'-.;-: -.^.^v^^ ';rii^ | | @ f y K r m e r s l W ; * i>fWp^1^^;''Th er n aleskid V.2W:. W C?.^v-:.~:,:y .Ty.:^.'i.':^'-1:1f*1<>'!^''j;:'f:i^A'v:3010 ;oi('Si29.<)RejoR3(>.'0Mg-tol43XXtPfe1Q.ti;SyfgX:;idS ^T1!1iVr-:dd ti-i;il;: iirl:':rt.i-coorrdd<'-ftuorr, K.-oifftt--ccooaall >immiimm.r-rr'*-::'wweerrcc eobhuiiaiince-tdi Ii"tuo>mmi 1155 oDiaial-li-vritofnduiltniritt'i:i'-:.Wcnui.rm)Xiit^s.:no ii ;rl.ati^!'-> n"*a*-, -191fac- - ....... .....'i':;v.'J0. i:c!uovo, min s ;*:1c9-1:a9-c; o5 n,vnt ni deuvseiiv Mt`.',iTshtcuiiriKi ;::t!9U1 7f-oJtI.f'arnrcalteit-*ivaen;d afnodi' "t;ht<ll',<ft}'ti>h r.inmdatl<arl-''e7owaja-sp::rtitbx*i,,u'idn<:urd: col;mie- frotrr thR 2d-SileW:.pIlRoy x<)aKminirig.copiii^^rid aIso itoin 5 a^ncui: lira! cim:iti`..of iMioni-d--i<'.npi1'deaeait(hs'c.irom:'.thtsicau>e'<comparcd.7#-M;:iacd-.in':;j)ur5uits.*otlter-i-tliaiJi:-coiil.-ini.mjnK.5>n-3.:i3#-3r iti:i-'":i-l ::7(-!t)>r-;-tnriU" ` tthb-a,n.. W:; ;.iaid-dn?n.!i Sa v i en-ni.i l:ec'p;-m'W 'il>k. e -R a rre .X'a n*iib- y ic iw iT Jie'pcrC cm agC 1'fc-l<' rl1 es.'.-?n':!--'J930ri\yered29.y tq r |d h c d ^ troni dmfluenzpiantdciMj^^itu in o n ia Upr.^;7::VVi:i v^- inai n ine * and In to r 'al! otlur n.ak-> ' gii tthiioto-cc^.ilwoiv ggrrou pps-i;lbby\ k a- g e lfiiq r ;>tli e %y t^gM ggi..'.g..g. ik '/h " 1^ l ^ 1" eJndt-niic ili, bitum inoli^ mnier-> at :Vyhchnpncdv5''3fid9.3pior|XuitHrA^^ A^i $r*If 'Vl:JV;a.'!,V$-.';S::--`lVfi.PPo?p;V"*, 0 di::CQ'::.i ulTe-r\e<,*.tvi 3ia`.yv.y; etxxccee5s5ti''i'n'uinr-r;tPttxc<bmMTnpiaarrrcddt>' wviiitKhbpl]31/-3\n.stf q t p n i a ]u ^ Illijlllfie!'^^^ ;a,!y buty:.th<S:i:iihii;t.)Ms!&(;Sct;TaM !:tWn tia!sm orial!\-H ;aP.:rk d iq uiiie'P''' o'' 'p rca t'':rv;Pd':fa':.'Kvi^lay;: '` g T u b ercu lo sis yi ! Jt'Vl'j ' \5-r1.'.a n ti.V f:e ri r> ^ o / 1 J . / V ? n i y / j ;H',92^..KCrHi^^aTiiii'rh^ al;^2jiiinnincr5;;ii'W'' } ned imi and W alt.- th<_ ckath rati, troni in ^ n u Ih ila. tultenuioM - 5rma tei |aar[rpraarrttrnh tJ y 0 0 : ; S P t bu en /a and pni limoniti. I'e i-2 3 , iva- about !o\v altbuiigh n n n e ri at th, ccial tace 5 S7 2 h i a m c r i 'aliuCTr 1;y! thhaarnte;;aimnoonngi-;:vnn'ia7l,ela5el;; it,i :H;e' H,:?i-,9- s?.tb:ee:t7`a!`:i-ib-a-.s-c' ,im 9rc;hap|ptfe ^ I @ ! I f l '?nj.IaVfia*b1lec'vJ^p-orc!a1-stat >;'T:W.ja !;c.la>^3 )R;:Thp'! ersv-untKirground iandvvorkcfs.-abo ve; ground. ........ .,,l'.lfeli (iXKdv-vO'iliiic'ob^vPiii.A1^wV:a'sedo end :;'lo 'i'Ht-XalSpllniciv o tlic,: .Kj'IiRultW tiyniorelkcoitHnv'^tigAitipnsdsoeTnfy^ PifeiSX sbibpbabR ibiTror;oiannc:;ixlincrenceypvhkh: i i . io1_W_d_on trad icty:t hcXXyu mju jonfiiiha t^ ^ ^ rc u p lp iito : ;i tf!l$5>|||diWilahil>'icajki.gnihcant .;variatiqnd'ViThusW anRivlossiisX';'itiK-ppot.i.rvccugiaTOon.clicoaljdtyiniT^^ flIg^X aiiiicirinnl :2 niorla!ity2yt rbnnydnilncnza Xiand SX-invveeiiuga tioni InW?^h"^Vd.^hXSch'ij:I f o i|S| is|pf^jXcXiX;inWtlld ' i t )y ,R.itidjcfii ed.yiaiiion: ;scr nc^W:r:<`jh;>ritc<3/Rit>W.1.93/jk:d>e ica te- ,th a l rhi-, 1 -uppo-edV exeniptipn;ii;fi-crale;minergfi'rompi fillMslXkbbibSRRXdCiial--b o iH p ia n ilir a c ilR -i'a n d R jiili! ..,,, ................... ::y. . gui i gggf gg, i:- K g| ||^S^^|y^^> r E n cb n c l-R iiiy v v y n ea iy in P A n itirc aa W itu lx irciilq y iA b n iajV l^ ld u R k p 'ia ian iW R5-CWr tyvBripa,5nXexyioso^,t WWP)n>jKr.C.c1kr-i^latitW'i-RI<i1riipVtrXi ;cSrTvii>:ire-;fI irV-iil^finjiV-iV.kVii'Twi-Ai i&'/'iti :.5 ,ar.C,, 1. lliiii l,irljjf;Tl-I.'i'ivi*.WSri-i.J.lil"Vl>llii.-t'Sr?'\i*l.b*-!y'..^K_^.^(~~P ^!'Ib-Jk;-;r,,k.o' o1e"Jrta--il.yr-*pi*o/v'pe\u"' l'a"tiol,Vny.1'--/1--vv";e^r'e'' \ y J y ., . . . . ,^VXT.a'S-V^.-vywuiv.iP.v ,-.. a:s l i < 6 :0p arid.cS5:3rb:re-X:;b:;; n ^ ^^n.tl,dsuppXirtk$tiey!thec^yiliaty y>4iy ''e t i u h -iJnmiiiialrVirt.,v,..hfiggu'UrcT.C-,Sv..:,':if`orr.-'bi?;imnfl tl,`,T'1",n *' ni tu'! lfie^t he -'.in il rtc`i:"ii:-li9>4--.'^^- nX a. 1 u i r c 4 / l 4( ( md io - re- ta li tl\ 7/i;vp - '.I liX;.',.V,dyryv-;,i:l*^:;.'; |^ p } ^ p |i^ oy Prund;iL:e.4-an .'ovit'st: ^ i 'i`X V 't;uV',Wfci..:V'i-.t-oeRfvdR'-t,.ly.-i:.e--.^.!st,atis: ^yri)nic ri - j n.;i he : r aor 11i11n'rvynio rta j :l ', pneum nnia noi onh ;Vfdi;W -:yKrCyltpity^'ic-s/KXxb-u'"t.Rt Ua.ivivoOTt>thh.eVe.;r ._ . .. .... . .../ir.,--, ;,...:yy vi KVfX:.,v-^ id': f o ' | Pi'iblic ^ H c ltliy ^ S c r.v ic (tr"'a tl^ a le n < ^ | t^ 'p tjlm o ^ jp !^ t u ^ . c j i ] ^ 3 ^ ^ < ^ ^ | ^ ^ j in 'd 915-23; aipivl90;25yyXhard-coa! .1 in fluenza.2and .'^n eum onia^JS w a5.:S !ightlxpe|s^hra'^^^|f$]^ndth!tuglJ^^^5 i fo r:'40 per -cent of ' th: total 'W itudlett atrirtorr:- r rt^ u ,! -2 general.^lqfy.Xi; .iyi(| w a ^ ,ic r : ,.i6 ( ir......................_r i i n . . .........................,,v, , , . . , . , ,, , , ,, r , i r . . M, , - W( ,W T O TM, Uil,, , ^ , . - ,, fflM l M B gpi ............... |tli$fepr?H < v5." ..M ortal.ityJiper!li`;6o^ ?i?lNonsiliceous dustS m ;, r;-.v....; d'i'SlIjllSiiAces,at DearI;|S, > pV yvo!niW tfJajrajLjv^ ' ^Mortality' mmm .'.F,Kurex( jy-UO-fc:]''2 5 3 ;`i|::|;:35||||| 45|| :l m 0 $ |||||(j|p n iS ii 4i::9>:'i:;71491;46; ;M !:is3i3(>.7!i';|:2i8777i'11:f2 3 ;9t;m m m ;]}4 ;j;];l.i;pih|lpi;24.2f9 mm&m iiiiiy i | :jsi5^} cai[ t|o n s'cs; |;: liil -if''-S$i$Si 1icjcoiisidus K ];;;:<:.KG;i ;ja; ^ i;iJCCOUS'Yiust.'ij'v^ 4775.49}; i .tat population / nduen/a .. lliiiii fliiiii 4 8 m i 3:7:9;f7;,}40,6 * ife g l4 19 3;:2j;?t e ^ zfi: i ' . ^ i K ^ '^ . 9 . , 5 ? ^ : ^0i> ^ S. i^S Si KV^ ' 1 .ii-U'-1i t ^ 1 the rate lound ,m the central iwpuhtion. ' f * " i ) J*xi^{()fr F U f& f ^ ^ ^ ^ n icSBghcM?pre,raicnce.''bf c lim c a l'p u lm ia ^ i^ ^ S X h f e in d d ^ c ^ f & 'u b e rc u lo s i^ li^ ir S u t- h f f l i l ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ u jjq ^ ltj^ g ip q a jn -je d ^ a ro o n g -th c rrc k w ork- higher m metal mines than m coal (nitnes;;^|%jivi ^ ^ ^ |^ T ^ |n > c n X 4 w lk > :e lia ^ v d > ^ ^ e m p l6 v e d fin ^ iro c ^ ^ ^ u ^ i'iw ld o u b t^ ib ^ { M s u r e /:t^ u s tl^ n ta im > n ( s ^ ^ M ^ ( f V ? !^ rl a Ml,\prcscnted.:}eykiencSdTf|i]>ulmphar^ :|ll!;!|i"isP u',4,PPat^ |4 ul>crPulosls-^;'-In', a '#orm<*r;.anthradtei'w orltB ^ldeath^rate^iV om '^Pulroona^^tubcr.culolls.^ j^ M ^M iM C Tt5i^lw ch^><iyik>trm clude^\^knoW 'caifc<^T l>ct,,mortalitv^ratcifor>tu^KloV>i?f^rJla.i,^ | ^ | ^ lor pulmonaiv tutx 11 ulosis ih ese tind.n^s arid 1912 and 229 7 tot 1913, actuidmi n . 0^^W oW l l a p ^ r 3 ; t Q ^ prr<^ r --iS-cliool -7of a-a i ci b^cltihci^n':it';1o:-.'tvfKtU?a.."t;b c\ ^9tk^?-.';Ortta.n.i9i-i.s.uthtVi'cc,r;:^.,'o;'5dthipdclir2*li!':^.4h.:aVt'nh2dac.veS"ia5'Uctcaotrc<1^i ] ^ ^ . i^4si''f4i ^ . ^rU 'i,;la'1^ ^ ttp H | ^ ^ ^ \a < a t ^ a tfih ^ ^ u ^ ^ |-c x m p U p n J irc ra ||g e o i3 n t^ ^ n titu l rc u lo s ^ ^ ^ i.g p ^ i^ j,i^ iK ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ u l^ p ilo s is t T 7 c p ^ iin * n c r s ? is ; er roneous-ducdiiCalwidard'yearrS:! 91-2'et hereto\vcrej|720^.jj;rdUCea.Ut ii.'siiii'jijSI ?P;Cor*"<i<^d;'r9i.iaiJ44pst^gprriier-e as;; evidencce ;ii|!;Siamonj!im|ne^ <.ro u p s l n d tr | | | | ; i | 0 o n i [Wriiim 1 | 0 7 1 5 - 6 4 : | |: ? 1 2 4 .'m h a ia c ite m irieis. . M alts in o th e r in d u strie s ivi39!8| |4 5 ; V i ;;;25 28 7 ........ ,. .,, \ Ke s Iisvi f-Jj, 25-34 |:3 5 2 4 4 || ' 45 54 i '55-04 mm tisti 67.9 46.2 . 4 2 .9 3 1 8 , J` 39]y 1 : 3 1 ;a lf i 4 6 :8 ;j ||i|i3 ,3 | Hi iil''.,..., rt? iV^Wlaneiif i7 jCTHVd,^ ^ ______ ____ J m* i hU'/l ` .\/ninu/ S\-t turn /ji! | i PH `Pneumonia ' -Mi^ I S l i f'lo / i, highi 1 i ^ giM;-f it rt<i_/fii J^rnoderatiiMf lj^v'higtii''",,!i' 1"':',''; high 'hitch. .... ,:1 ;|S !ii^ ! I \nmial otigm * , "VloJwv/, , / / '5"'| ;'wMtii 'lo w >'-V;i:^'i'Ui^';>-'v':`''^^:\,f>-iy<ivl'-jhlfli taimL** *aVtrJ /4tfhi~iC : r-t"1trt ayw#-i-y-i>IS* ^feimeclium'jisl h . Kh mm tefWi?;' I ......^..v-kn kn-i'm Si^SVl t|M i M il pathological condition o f i/in li^ a tio n io fls ilic ^ i'd io x ^ ts as a w hole ib experienced b> Am i vic*_art If.'lhard-coal miners , is clear from the accurate idea o f the prevalence o f consump- 1 M 1 m l',V' PG!,f'rfi`-vA' f i l l pllflllyisijp' il d|W < W illi llS ilil r rf*AA';, ; -"r vr:"- O lW 'NWiM. I r o n Jul\ 1, 1927, to June TO, 19.2. tht gtropoIita*vpilp feviiInsu raCncepi(3op;^t i ^ tm i || :.^S-;):,lir;i;i ip jip s p j S B iiiB y p g a ll p EsM ?^?SAQ 53pipidiy!.d u a iPlS P P i Alapapi;AA i- ' X ,;J<r,Ai':'.'0-."Hx,A;vjiViV\^.i:!,!-7A1v242irm<;!ihh.ron<s;itsc:*'pntlnucs'.!i:ttuttKbierr/c^uttJloris^its atrvwidl .dCTAO\ ^uvr.i_-............ piSS^S& ^ii'fiferNiisvlifehJKiiSiEhe'ichieticanPsn fiifelfeisapsfii:fa' KsU'Sii'-iSj'VgS i ta * ";S;'i;1v.'.la-.va'PrJ'tP-xA1;Sri?.,':111X-5?. 1 pajub^r ii 1v*S-3'i H in PJi;Khc:`;'.i rlAlpAlLipi Junsp/rjp t|; jji b r oticJSi'rnor.-V- 3 3 U 3 l 3 p P I ? ? l l 3 'J I 5 |P A I I B )<P ^ ^ i r.l^.3!Kifiii th,p;bu t;p:becau se A;I ^ ?.Ni a;/vJ^ I P a ^ T;K S -~ jfea ^ S ilP ':a. ,iS PJ ?JWijiSPfOSTtliVS:?;siaIicraie:duhst-;tiDlOyS^`iS^i siitlsdyiielhia'cr^^at^rplS':c<^^-V;...-. ; i tbc'nia b intyp to^puIrnpna^^nP'PpJ- AApP riciicatcpiaIsop:,iKa.ti5siIica>;,.clusta in c r ^ ^ p th e iS s j p p a A P p B ip C jA iA iA 'A S P iA p h 'a b iiity Jh o p o th e rx ^ L&.li 2agisi S ; ?' m m m fife>is3;i-4:s i-S-.'-v iiB s ip i n U fJ flllf iis ia iiii ;:-~v4 Thfrj% ^pivp(rheiY csultppfp>drt^ it' fip pAHf}ag rp m c n t;T e g ard in g 3 h ep ig h ';p io rta ln > p rate ^ g p > p (j -- g ' -- ' : gP /S''J^ iiP v' 7irom ':ataiiulwb 'crricilurilsoKs'iAsf^nffc-.raJ'iinnr!dnuc:sft.r>ie-.p'' piinp'p'-.u..1J.iwjclJ-Ilhp p-pa ; '''s' large >num bers ho t p m e n p a r p j p x ^ s ^ P a S p --- P I p ! j c a :;haza r d p T hesc* rat e f P r c 5soVhigIgtha 'y>,]!ii'p.=":-i-!-^;-;".-'i-ilr.": fp r^''<iotit> o 1. S ';;A'Am?l i ' h t :; 5 P j; cietyj'. of| A m en caf/and f1 hef|A s ^ ia i: io n fo f| | | |/ |; . I :;P ^ P iid ;d n s u r a h c e p M ^ ir a l':;D h ^ ^ that there were 65 deaths v.heir 6 w en ex,-c looted (about 11 times th e,exp ected tw im -p ' V- her) ;roin tubeiculosis m 1925 1916 among iwAfSpP;pKr pupi|io f |( ii n d c r g r o u r i^ |( m in ip > p f 3; \hho u g h ,m dust m.n he harm tu! U T lie redurt.on .,, th, u.udcnce o t ,, h u ^ s 'V ,! J b l *. *&s ^ f e s l ^ d i S j l ^ l t Hl I S o S t h S v i r i r a S f e i n e ^ l r r i e O T * TM O ra!ed, b' the data presented here that sho* le-cm m css o f the control measures, exn ? fe 1 oii.ih aou , d Ms industries than m the gen ,m e dust concentration ae a gu.de m ^ tt.n g ' { ^HsA:^?i-S^v<irit5onrfo.t.Mpneum oconiosis iin-i'cl u ^ t \ ^ i n < i S i i l l i i ip p iite !V- p?f:(;ij 'IS;i ||Exa^m ined u .o ro 13,200 ': v!2,5:'.l .,,,,.~ f .-..r - t-- . - .............. ...... "IfNumbt-r of , Rate t,f Miner `iIicom r \u in tried p^ ;s;i;Annual Iy$M. ': ' 19 ><>2 9 . !i' 1929^2t& ' 39 i2-35 fe |i||;|l| K r c e n S fia L ri;i'i t waslinpl 9 2 0 ^ S S m o n |f t i i P t l l l ' ........^ jflp fjig rb u p T a ffm in H ig id n ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ n jiosu re':avcraecd f !cs>:than:FtmHHoniparttelcst p ip : ip if ciitnc:'tw i t.^of -f^ ^ ^ T he^nmalCTce^oranthracosHitfosiig.aiiioVigy p d l p e n ti re':'groi!p,;-o i ieinp]oyw s|w a^:'t oundyto.;; p>eiabout 23'Percent,- - * #&;# : froe'r:,siIi vari ckiMi rom^--l0":per `ce^it among those who had uork>d m concent*-.! non', of les'y than 200 million particle- per tt..'U among those who had been employed .' ..nioreythan 25. yca.rs ::-in- lust 'eunerniri! ions exceeding 300 million jui tides p< r 1$** " `lS 'V* 'V "1 13 S flitlltltitflltllfe lS ty i^ riL'ia,'d,(-'"' ul V< Per sc appeared to pi a mmui rob iiiswv"WK"---.'-v'.-i , , a -.-' - l articles per ,cubic toot 39 jx;r per cubic foot would p r tx k -*. a ntgbgibk ! |^ . n n Hio n |||n u m & r lo f^ ^ ^u artiiiC o in ten tlo fa^ " SP35;^- cfPi 911 13 | f e | ^ ,S i if [ 3 I I I I ' : j I I I ............ r,'-111-.T, M444 V ^ lp -U Ir; ^ . , ,, . Jr ,</, . {,. . t .. . A ,,0, f \v^rage|;Putf:oncentniton ` r IMillion Particle# f>er Cubic Foot} tj ' , \iim lier of pneumoconiosis casts. , . . Nu mber. of .worker* exp osed ............................. IN tu nt with pneu mot om oiis ... Suiutx.! of pneumocomosi-, casts 1 Number of workeis exposed............................ Percent with pneumoconkwis;; \ s -IV .Number of pneumoconiosis a s o . .................. \u m ln i of workers exposed................. . . Percentwith pneumoconiosis. _ ............. ! . . Ml and over | Number of pneumoconiosis cases , Nu mber of workersiexposed................ . . Perron uih!:pneumoconio*is:J;MNNJc;i'r;!ii!';i I iilM i , 5-9 J'f<i.*:!k-CJii .9 ' (3?!?-Vn $i'CiC0.i'::!?..C4ri-:'.9 $ $ l t f t & yt8tmm0 m m tii' fM m 'iV.V;:A;7,VA ;Ak':NA-p. rb'.O.M ^W'Vi'.'i'ftiir' lilifb g f 81OA! nr/ 1 9 13 'Iflp |i20?aiti mm IwflaOuwVauC. I 1i/AvrJ/iA' S? itl, 1* | V ; ' " H O # 1 I 0. 123 94 0rc 1. }l1!^0%1 J443300:!;;;.g s i f e o A i ; fCoJc. i ' 0% "0 4 MSCi 44 1 % rc 3 . 9.7% ig l 2f>9.9% lUiifc1e7- 1 C.:.v';:3|M; I g j # t l l$Sg n l i - iAAi-'~iA-iAK'Al ! i , ....n c * - . y . # 1 , i ; , v .rw l . . ,, ' `3 r>i ' ' s M VW c :S S f 1-rcubic;jrfPOt-eS;!-Xhe'-\Jimitiio"fCitbP;- J 1 n ation for rod. worker-; wa- set tentatively the magnitude o f I .it a to 10 million particles per cubic foot o f affected arid both air Smulai results were ootained bv the posure varies in dif Ij Public Health Service m an mvrstigat on1o f pending, to a 1. | putoniocwiioM*. arobhiz.-CmicsiKanid^tvermaritef^'is-ii-iv^-- *'* ^A , P the trends between per >', 1 .'A--;_..<. .=1`v.:.'TIa V.^iP:mpi. K-..- :.' ....,{-; - <?* j- ."'.'.v:.:.-.-,------ \ \ ^ o 'K ^ %c ^ ToJfc S U p i i i s i p i i ISp* ;p i i * i * l i p * i j< 6$ CH/Zr1'^,r' ;5 < i^ H!;$i${ oyed F ig u re 1.-- R e la tio n o f a v era g e d u st co n cen tra tio n and d u ration o f dust i x p o su reS IS lfB fto ^ h e ^ p e r c e n ta g e of w ork ers found to have p n e u m o co n io sis. B ased on <. a ta p te- ^ f sente^ m n. ' r !rf'.'m nrnT 1t : `.rt-ir.; in :Ivernre i e r a hie: 1o n r . -- vn tn in -r iui Arev e r t a ft i r i n ', r t.ed.( . - . V . - e - \ : |t x i^xnedjin-': thc|,iut u r;K aidu|ttprm a|||?c|dur< q5^ ^ ^ ^ ^ i i o n l^ d ^ u s t^ ^ P C T ia if - a r fc l'b rd u g h tf iin tic r .;v\ipa |l!!!!i||fp;cpm rqli1m ;ih c s e i a n d p ':S im i)arn n d iiitn cs,:? ; i 3 S p f '; ; ^ ... . - - pHng: : ' i s . p o r a i p i i c a . t q ^ 3 - ^ y - M ethods o0f. Oust;.Con1 troL'AAAtprrivrf'rr^ipAAqAp;/Uiate^najirrv.;l'.jijdlulisft,inn(*ei;si;s;^rp,(1rfnntec ihamdKdV.t v-r.re , '^"fl^siiS'^BSvAttcrKthe.i-peli*vi^iiic^wrnri.v^ai^nfdVi'einsgvirnierer'Krr;rnnaivoimvi'.ei.-n-.v-t';s^fto ^-vme"o--.m-.ive;n,*t.riA isin g lc 'd u st.'c o i-mwtir1e'P irprrMiisid;r'*qr!:. awWkanwdi:ov4obherv'ation.-and-.cxpeninaitation;sit'>!'`--,*'i,'*i.n<v-f,>;t.*:ais-a..*c. ; av*MK'p'*a&a$^v fcw;conceturations,'t;at'.>isr;5.tn*c,..*..i-unctionroHt;l-)e:?.cnr^.?ijrifa'-n-*d>?-j-j'-'i~v^eSrv:' novindication dot .i.jhe.sav, e-ra-g^eA.^"e'AX,rr;.}sitri.:".Vei,>;A;.r ip!tife^;v.\v"iiincerrtoeval uaMte....d. he hazardm....v;a particular:)'.--.v-;?,j':v'.p--o-su,,r-e?'=;otn,liac.r.worker:ovcr/aipertod.oh!iVtars.,sa'V;'4.'ii;:-* ili({8tei)^a*i:ndustr\,ii-plant;'.ortvro.in;c;)ta:.n.d,vid.-cv-i'!..i`.err.rocasurc.s..B^^-'e'fs-p'f'e. cia.-^l-ir-vrv^.1-1.;..jh.ve~, hasvnot;;:worked:continuou,swl.yqvm*iiri:tTM&*irK-i: s*'1'**v i j *i*- *1io**jyti*^3 sLifTt 11 W1.3"n^-ations,rthesrnum- berriotrrKi irsonsi.inveach: and r- p ro p c ra ijn c a su rc M o t d u st e x p o s.u rtiE re ^ '!9 tlie^,.!va.r-i*o..u.s.-iactivnties.1a n d r ti'm;;!,c ; 'rv. ,de;/^v:Eoqtuieredi3.a;'r-pi.cttuore.A. ,,:oi.,.>th.erva. nat.ion.s'r:m, f.<aluss.i-;iM!;ii5-ife'ft i v u .0 * u i k c u ,, _______ _____ __ . i J v '/ '-m Aver.ige vNumber- Job. Numix-r o f u P of \ `cars Men " > Average oNfuYmelaiersr ` ^oVf / :iSho velcrs';hcl |>ers:(bruno g :./iS'i.v.VKi/i1 ;NInchnetrien (driHers);; :!# .men).; y;y; ///i y t>.'eS'.-' 8 ,1 Powdermen , Shovelers ;b.,!gy;i3iiftb:bi^' is 1 m i ^ X 0 : Shove! b o ss i.i )ri ile.rs 'helpe rs (d u m mies > - yS.,4 .:/!rK:'7.9i;.i;:b (.roundUism -s Trackmen . . . - - ..........- 0 ;x b-aSE'te Root ti inline: ;. . . 'b. ':7.: ,;. .. ! 1. r. 7--;265i'S' than;ihad ;ltrn/u!t>tvtedvHhc';ditTe.rence;.eoniys 48'vhV,vbi\VV^(d:rS(!!rg:',/d!`(i(^' Ip liii1 ?'A' US ISIS W illi: IS `" r Wisting `cmtrelv o f dust too hm to be -dc- s up it ion Ml -ex am in ed were d iv id e d -in to [,TM. ;;tec t i;,l> y :th e'p ld erin ieth < ^ Y ;;;T h e,im p o rtan ce^ |,o! 'control .of/drilling; d u s t. as a .measure of-;,: the piever.non o f i- ili c i^ is dem onstrated hy/tlie/iact.'that.the incidence of silicosislhas|f ;.remairied.7|!tconsisterit ly sand ;iyconsidcrahh/]' |l)igheriantong/.tTtachinc/'(irillers! thatt among;;:? dtose/Sdio/havc .never/work}/machines andip .thc.:i\\TeSs;.inC!dence;'amoiigtiiachine:f!rillers{; i;iw iv g rp u p s ^ t hose ex n o & w -loiiaree;anw ^ fbi^.duitt^.jfiiioiiexemplovedgattttieifac^.pund.^^ ^ ^ ^ it hose Vexposed i to/relativclyysrnall^ .:.a..m...o...u..n. `ts,f ilp S ip : '(tho/e'away from the face) In the order of ^xposuirdd^the; (lust hazard,t .-.tacei-induded-ihovelcrs'ft-'h e lp crsl'ttsh o v e le r^ lf?^ ^ 'drili'Sthclpcrs.lfemadiincmen^-traclanai^'rdoff trimmers, poudennen, shovel Ixijses, and dtas;:|.Kxn./in,;direct, proportion! to; the amount.! nt tone <.*^.nt t';o n 1Osk drilling rieciipattonsiOtJ face-workers' the-kazard^was^ ^ f illf a&Untl#r'dauvel}dfiVccentlvidriHinc'.voi pholcs'i-j .-.greateriiforitshovelcrs-thelpers'sandsshovdersifelA^i. | fo r/jihla stirtg |;was!f,a %ncgl ig i1)1eiiSpri^uccr^Vo i/ifi 1u 5,^M 1 rt')aH.s-.tiri'Ci:?-';1ri''coal...:mincs-e-spcc.iaIKiit - MiH'dlitliM t/iarithracne^ criterion -It is 1noted-from-ta'blc^n-'that'-'tlie""?^'*4"' operated;,a tiger .drill produces.verychttlc.: fine;.! average? numwtrloK y e a f s j w p r f e } ] ] ^ ^ ;idiJSi,iibu t.S.wit hif t he-Vex tens ion 0 f; m ec h an iz ed jii i4 r ,S .^ W p ^ ^ d SSI "sboveIcr5*<w:iS ^ !8 ^ m d l& ^ feif^ uiuningepower/.iid rills are becom ing 111ore -and. ye'arsji.restiectiycly.y ,. ;iU jb restS ^ tial/an d .':so m c;.of;:theiii";:trei{heayy^ men was H 4 vears fs'lSSsifsfiipI, producers of. finely divided d u s t; this ii iii;-y/y;a amiii !>'especiany.vtnjciof.v.rcciprocatingvdnll>.''Ot:1:tlii:`i /jack h am m er .s.type,'.vdrilling/!dr>ty and using;!/ dti(w ^hand(loadn|giof:fcm K -thyw ^intpy h ^ | ^ SM i| $epmf>rsedi;a'j,m^ air ot thy w orking place considerable quan-i in foal o r in root o r floor m aterial titles --of.-.dust,-'butthe amount-ii.s-aboutonVs''!'4-|ii| 1 'BUssting --T h e 1ex cep u o n alh heavy met-', [ tenth th a t caused by- some types- oism echan p TM;:iH . S a t^ tlj;^ t* ^ lic .p > rsfa m } ^ o c li^ n ll,w n c rji|m ^ ical loading T he g r tu th increasevl '' o ccu r-1*1 ' ^^.peripdiofitheigold^m ining.yndusiriij/ .:rcncc.:'tot'.i.dust.;.--trom>fmccnanicaliS-loadmKS. 'litiSSo ut H;iA i n ca" wa sf due.`;:to?t hef ex po su reS ,duct-.not&onh%-tO-vthe-^tnir>ng4ol!jth<ad u s ttm to f a ^ f ig}l f o f f thellriKk^dri Ilyinin cry no tydnh'St'oi/drrinngfiS dh'c^r.-5bvf:.thc;i;loading.5machiricBitficmselv?iP ; ^ u t s a ls o /t 9 .* th c ^ r e a it c r :t:ra p id t.t..v ^ ( f^ n c a k in 0 iS '' ibl;1a'S11n^;/fvand '1"r.efjiier1.11y.s;td tiy c;,inha la tiortt>fife: (<lownfam'd. talcing -Tcoalfifrom*U4^ a & ~ ^ r^ ff fln |y | which increases o th er d u st-producinir1proe-iN''* !Sya'ifnj:tianrouol4ibfkhcSkritanj;idum ducedltrybW^ esyp''0-,'.6 'csscsiVcspccial j v b last in g ,% u tt i n g ^ a n d l K a t i i i ^ ^ ^ ^ P {pla n iiiti-1H^SI'i^.1aSI-*.nS ^ u9-^.S T;i. quantities of verv fine dust, the finest fra c t i o n s ysfow hich rt end ft o rem ain1suspendedi n t idhejtT tincsaitj^ lon g tim e/u n less; removed' ;hv7?yent'ijat:i p t l | ^ '^ S h ^ ^ l m ^ J ^ r 0 ^ u c k i n g . ~ l n - - ` the.",1Fidier,; ;i.0k largest udyj^^ / [/Show/; thcrj! iiir t-1at.ion Sh ip | ; o t heiCdu tieii;pf;i.;thcS:men>ito5<ii 7-7'''Poprly/cons tructed |p r ^ ^ 'pit cars or over-topping"of co a lia m y a rsiT a l^ t1!. v,,, lows fall .off;,or:.fine.;:materia!7to5;siftithroughfvf% |l4| ;to''thc'dracks..to.:,beigrouna::.'urKleritheA\vheels%.:iSlf#S ot -ro llin g `Cquipm ent-ori th e/h o o fs; ofii-mules^7^^TM*' arid then to be throw n into the a tr hv speed 'ing! ca rs'o r Lsh u ffl ing mu .. . $ fr ii *' h4 1 j v ' , ............. i- i 1 ~ , - - V"/ 0-~'w r \w/> wiww, V"1/ a'-wo**i ^ llUBliiUUV.^Ki; ''4 hc'Coal s/dropped -or'thrown1which`'occurs^'A,ftand^(5) tempcraturc'.wT ,,h^ ^^"'^ v^''',',''l''''(l:I,',' at the 'dischargeile|enrdidss^fnl:;^'Al,sp','^where,S1 com evors arc;, used condiittiioonnss-at the face - ' \ ;,n>e- mat et:uf`.m" ,ouveemB,ecnutl, Vo 1f 1s li r *, froinjtht-i;TMdiffer from .tih1o' siet' ex--perience"di ' with,"> t,he bsfurfa^ce. ' tthhrroouugghh *- tthhee*'1 wwoorrkkiinngg'- ffaw.e W^ w * older methods o f work.ng in that the miners pla`-eS' aiKl,.thcn * * to `he > m iM x is by all arc closer together,-there is a tendency with ' n] ^ nS lhc m ost-im portant, consideration to the m ote sW eniatic working foi a larger e**ect,ng a^wl,"ate ventilation o mievtand ;;num ^f|oT|the; men to perform dust-raising m protcttlnbr `he health and ion*, aid in g and o p oation s at the same time, and the air ma]ntaimng the working effiotnc speed at the faces is higher * These condi- undcr rotlnd v,orker$. If adequate quantities} ti< ns, if not conti oiled, tend to met case the o f pure a, r arc d,rcc*ed 'to ** iffaccsMhereiSii dust exposure* to the face v. orkers ..............- !,icn ra0ii m roQu " ' health and -many o the 'detnands ot: <:ajetvv M achine coal c u ttin g -- W h en coal-cutting will be well served.1" ' | machines came into the picture early in the present century to sujiersede in large part , ... , < ' _ 1 ventilation probably is the m ost effective ;;; both hand cutting and blast ng off the solid <lu',V<-ontro1 m st>re ^though ondei some : the icallv heave producer o f coal dust that 7 ^ duons ' ranks second to w et m ethods' ' 'th? worker has bad to endure was at hand' ` ' " 1,cie '**> * can be applied effect th . and this was esjKc.ally - true, fob. the chain <lu' t ^ ** ^ > y t d from, the a r, o r its coo- j mac! m ts operated h> electricitv Top cut- `-'-'itratioc can be so diluted as ro rim iu ir yiS;M-:ai^ie,-^-r.ri.^-iisVr.*u-a'cK-^o^o r*^rrv^rAr-VA/1L^'V;iv-1/T"^/^**V-*n-H!"^a. m g p 'f c lla m g f ^ d r in m t B M e S ;b f ^ , | ! ^ f s K p ^ I >>t dust ts thrown * - - .,...,v. K!^ > '^ % ^ ^ s'sw iR r'-`^ * ^ `-U`.!!'-.>"V?-6iinng.;area,i!.asSslHi\.i i > the t* 1 Ij i w u -, than 10 per .ait tiee uhci) in confinili tlons m \ lr and W ater Flow 1 Itrough ^ 1 "Wet drilling shall mean the contimi tiUtion. the an m ust lie well distributed,, ,, IrVfeldra'f fll is i 'j *' fi ,, IM S IS I h S sm " i f i l , ....................1.... !........... ' ' ' ss mt riwu dulling pwb.itions.ji in a<man> ... 3,: ih e .a tin o jp iK r e jw asvbrattu,icd-oifntil, v , , P j ^ P p | B p sfactoD; to .th e Imlust'rial'-'Conimi^ 371m inu ter iteri blastingj|wheai th cb ra ttieef^ f r | | l oe | S ^ # T h e ^ ntake-''ior 1thev ventilating..s..y...s'/i^1'was,praised1' ,e tem must be' located at iree rpm{\ ,,stalled1 to, about'f15O f^0lflr^ ith e?faefJW ,# l l l f - - -- y "d ^ ^ S $ i i lj ^ ^ 5 ^ R a s t r o g W ^ : wtii-conccnlraiion to drop to JS0 tick s per cubic foot, jmd 70 mm P to 15 million partit Lv. pci <ubic 6 *"'" The .equired ventilation mav be ob- H ie in o m p a n jin g table s h o ts die a m ., < r^cl rninut cq ired iifqH|tlie|dus tScia " us prov ided the dust concentra- < <`n to drop r o m l8 2 5 lin i!lio n fta r tic le s lS r S ll air at thc,brcatlung zone o f the ' LUbic soot to 5Q '' that required in Rule 33-2.3 and the appa- if rent conditions i.ituv s ottieruisc acteptable to the Indu ' " ............ .. ' f ' 1`ST*1'=1 1 R f ntilaitiOTfhall;Si: S to S l^ i^ W .tyfLe .isxdd tvwsnhecn-.'..\.<..rL,,:-n-c-'cc..'.-.'.-.a. rv to reduce - sVVinhtthilautoinrgf ' Condition ' Time; in 'iiim iio., to drop fumi 825,OttO,OOi) p1>ajrrticles p i iul>i< io.t ti ile a d - j ' ' tr a c t if c -- M etlioxdNs. t Natural ventilation Mechanical ventilation i:121K ilOSwi 20 r^cr.u----^ '1 SilS^ iSi'cbhtro llinf'-Ssdiistiis..,^ !S ;u lii.K i i ,i;5u iiiiu ^ ..... .,..., :V ^ r ',.~s >r'".r-, ;ideter-'ffiSjtiJn a d d itio nn',;t:htlieeipnllaa/c-ei"!;,(/w.rasllllse,'-sifilrouosr-, roof 5 3 ^ r ^^ ^ ..^ y t... . .v j t^ a lw a.guiiKri:>u^caufy>isr.Mnes f | | | | | |tp sta p slK :observation::'a n d ie icp e n m e n t^ o r top, and tim b ers) should be w rttea |^ ^ ^ g a H |^ ^ b l e ,b ) s tin i g 'i s H o t lld ) t >tdQne''at.:thC';y^.vvater;':blast'shouldibc'Usedsdurlng..and:aftcr^'.v:.... || ^ ^ ^ e^ d fb ^ tK fW rkin ^ h ift'?b r.?b n ^ W i ffsh tft:'^Vtle^blasting T h e reg io n ' shouli be lo tte d /;' ; ||S ||||; :raTm'i'a|TQrtHbroughlyTdiltited:| h c i q ^ aK p||l!||iiien|;:retuni^.to|A v'O rlo||yentilationiis,;'an'fes:,s%sshquW 1 1 1 -1 1 i tv]J?^g;errcy'ii cl och=nngai'thi>i;:vtr;V-!:ss;h-er c^.NiisvT-ii e;;itiii N oadeii^SutVNas; lb cjfwa iT iriinotiecm)>" l i i f l P l l i f t t ' it^ ifi ffliia s l;'been*d onei;iRc:si:i s f ot;:inyies ti-T T'la >`sT:UHcJ;-''<i u st'T outlxa s o .i i i? trso r 0 l^ $ l|i|^ ^ n $ 'ffe fe thic~|JB: u: r'ra.-u :& ^ ; : s v , : eelliimmi namti ntgn; , p-; ;^ |a e SiW KEM S&Ssettliriirerale'nfci'l-iiie-t i`an t t^ v ild u c tin n -'.... a ,.-isli>l fvT. tT. h- a. r--n i iu>Li f ^ -- ' '-'-- ....... .s.-* ^|;r,, u ;-- ;,"r':" 1 1 11 " i? i ii, >" a atiS 1is s i s ^ so tath ejailasted m ateria w ere, ro n . ' ` S j i ^ ^ ^ M t e ^ :liS ^ M i l H s..M U 9 ^ ^^ tp -% d iJ^ tc tefeid d st^^ th 'f^ d u n f 'p r ^ t W w h c ^ t i ^ 'M a ^ v i K ^ w i ^ K B ' ^ ustTcoricori tra o fmat erfaliiisprayecl,|;i^ ^liciu rsSL&Tore^l ^^iffOft^).i:-1etriuppro"tc9im *aHt-et!>\''a:;5;'50,.(TXmKi)1.1'inoiril"-';^w(iia|dmuricnkginifgsih',vovvaes:':inbge-'Ig:}uonsvastfetrmau1ci^h'-eHloersosuJigqhhiavrd-- : 5 ]i ^ i 11di oi-2n,^jt1(|oi^urti^isciiiaensdj)r,i>5e0^ sp r in k l ed^Js bef^ e^ an ciSii ri ng f^iours<v|;thei'ei^ tiiigres! tS^af f iiibicfpoti ?, SHIsp-ridlf.iioKEi^'-ttiod^isi fi! is ig > ^ 11 ]l;imprcgriated.^vmth;ii;dust"?:aind nicUJCKU Nhouid be used UuE will tend lo underground .work are examined and cerii-j , , * rtsjuce/v the ^(|uantitylof?fexplosives.v usai i.and fied to l>c p h\sicall\ fit and free o f am di*,-*' ,v se'"i:arid du-t produced In this con- ease o f the respiratory organs and then re , ^V}t;v:^v?-viKXttoilWill-"-be:^iOtmd fthari.:lhr\v-!isp - nf^'^rvaminM^rv^n'rh^rnnrith'i-jfn inetprrnmeiiann!/ stemming o. of some t ^ ^ g^ow ^;rajlaW e^,w ni';ic^ . ....... _ ___ ___ _ ,. .................... . ....................... me oxplosixc. hence, increase its efficients' that max h a .c developed. In this wav com- ..ikI riuceAith<5>fquantiivj!:oticxplosivc;:;USsdteiparablcirecoraSi>cani:bcobtajncds;t.oriimeasut .mu also reduce,:^.the;!;amountvyofepOlsrvnoiisv^^jnf/A'A-th^nrD^p^^nf^nnr^iimorririinsKiJ.annrh'th A1' produced and jKrssibh reduce tl ltiKt ol the blast and its trndenev to raise.,' anions' em plbysffr6n|i^J^t^vfJ$G i5T O ' dust and i!isseniuiate:; it ,into .the .surrounding wiiparablejirecords ^villinotiiDcieobtainedfi.unles m, It would be well tor user, o f explosives periodic examinations are conducted m SiRKiitattoo^>i.mn-isttigiraate;v:ttxvtj)xcs'::('o! :ivet xoplocssiivxeessr.ththaatit;'aarreeSi'sistatanrdidaradraiziieeddiwaaxv,2?porreetfetiraabblIxviIbnwaa?Dpenrmnaann<ent known to give off minimum quantities o f medical board compos^^oiiphysinanslfspc.Sl .i'^t4&'hariiul.i.gaies:ytion.*detonation:-rand.vtoivusec'*aaJJvzttram edi''and.#havingadequatc^exj)en}ii them; aho, the discontinuanccvor the tw: ot enee m the diagnosis o l puhnTOMr>yxl.i&rage^ ^ g ^ ^ f inii^si| i auii^d| .tthhe^ suubbsvt ittoutito. in<jo^fo f i d e c t i r i c i ! b l a s t i n ^ | ^ | s ^ | ) | ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ | i ^ ^ ^ | j ^ j ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ | would ud m i educing the anioum o l {kjiso u - Summary `.rw been held in .storage too long or that 1 I he have been stored under unfavorahl* condi- which the miner is subject are bronchitis, ions j- to rnoi'turc temjKrature, etc, are influenza and pnrmnoma, pubnonarx tube hkcix to give oft max.muin quantities o f culosis, anthracosilicosn, and silicosis , harmful gases, it the-\^ detonate at all; 9. Statistics indicate that much higl oemi . utmost cart should Ik taken in tlie storing 01 tx p k is in ' to see that thex arc not held 1 . long Ik . ort b ong used moibiditx and death r-tes trout pulmorurx > diseases are experienced in dustx than in nondustx .ndtisU.cs, esrxciaih here sfl^a, 1',-i l h m I r .jy .n ii.ir fn/i>it<o, 'Ih.s dust is iw d or produced method1 ot control 0ot1 at.r dust.iKss , s unsat- 3 lnvesUglitlcmi be the PPublic li j|B g ^|0|actpniv;^^m,'' u' ndJerg' round mining except tor ^ lcc rt^ ea] thjt hard-coal im nrstsffrl a m ^ u s e fc in f emergerle ics Although :, "hi ,.g,h,, rmo, r^tality rateiMffroomml-;influenza and dm , respir..a..t..o..r..s.. . g.ve ....a..d. equate p-ro_t.e:.c.^ti`o" n``,^ p nlmc cuummoonmiaa ^ .n:-o-tvv. f ir in g influenza cPi- agiinst (hist, thex afford the ca ter essen- dejT1,es but at other times aiss;iivveel!l!lrilh|1.9153 "p>r t ^ i iC3tn^ t exxic^;ort;_asp aridiy11990066--22t55,fminffiluueiet-tnza, and pneumonia taring gacts u,d are too lum lxrsom c and wcrc reslK>ns,bic {or 40 per cent of the total m mir omlortable tor constant ca r deaths among hard-coal miners compared 1he Hurt an 01 Mints has established a with 2s per cemt among males at ages 15 to ahtdtile ot minimum requirements 'or 65 ho were engaged m pursuits olhei than jB f?S f!|fm w h a.n icaJ|^ip iratQ rsH w ie|ty ^to j^x v h !ch h s]|S y C o aJ;|i;.m in m g g ^ for protection against dust generated b> dis-' miners had pulmonan,- tuberculosis i Com-it 'nt^g.aiion as in drilling and blasting pared with 2 per cent in 'the adult male 3:5,1 bou t nira tors ih a v ti been! ' ! tevsteal , lam m ation -M tnemgh strictlx 4 Anthracosilicosts a s found m about sh ak in g phxMcal examination is not a dust- 23 per cent o f 2,7U employees of' three control measure,1it is an important means o f 'an th racite mining companies studied by the fcK wmm w k HDjEsri i|H ||s | I I P fifeWMiSK.^SjKjM? mwSj'j pS|S-:1 HI iR M IfF I ' ' %--i?'""ijw^W 1W'Klr-^'*5,`.t i/ ''`Aiwut 63 per1 cent o^ 1^o^ umi^ the quartz^contrat'V'tie .d u n cosihcosis showed evidence^ oh, disability, i , less than 5 f*;r cent; when th e silica con compared w.th less than^lO per cent'm the < tent' ,s. about 13 per, cent' 10 to Ti m.Ihon control group- Moderate and marked , d e - - , particles appears to be a sa D lamit grees o f disability handicapped * approxi- , 1 | r ' mately 21 per cent o f those with anthraco , 10 T1,e amount o f h arm lu lid u t meat d v,llJco is compared with less thaniZ.per,,cent, ! arlou.s- a c t is itio ,,in.miningf can In. <k .ternuned byl- sampling the- atmosphere m ^^^^.-^.ilihC'iipccupational.ttgroupsii/in-i.anthracitc' mining, arravtd by the Public Health Strv ict according to extent o f physical impair ment, are ( 1 ) rod, workers, (2) regular their vicinity md counting and dcntdvrij the dust particles Sampling o f air is .Iso means oi checking the dhcieney o i dust cm trol measures tuners, (3) all others exposed to more than 100 million dust particLs per cubic foot oi air, and (4) men in haulagcw a\s except 11 Die impmgcr is the di st samplinj, m struinent used most frequently m d e l m ini rock workers 6 The principal pulmonary disease m metal mines is silicosis .md the chief menace in silicosis is tubercle infection Apparently silica dust alone increases the liability to pulmonarv tuliereulosis 1 Joint studies made by the Actuarial So ciety o f America and the Association ot Lilt in m ance Medical Directors'* revealed that there wtre 65 death where 6 were expected (about II times the txpected number) from tuberculosis in 1925-1936 among a group o t underground miners, most ot whom were employed in metal mine T ubcrculo is death were fourteen time the expected among copper miners, nine' times the ex pected among gold and silver miners, and eight and a halt times the expected am ong iron miners In an earlier tudy'3* covering the scars 1915 926 theie were 18 times as manv deaths a exjrcctt-d am ong lead and zinc miners 7 \ s dust is the greatest contributor to the excessive mentality from pulmonary diseases in tne mining industry, the pnn cipa! method ot preventing these diseases is to eliminate as l tr as possible or reduee to harmless concentrations the dust in t}ie breathing rone ot the woiker 12 1 lie dnstie t operations m m mug au drv drilling, blasting o i dry rexk or" rue shoveling or mucking, loading and haulage and machine coal cutting 13 I he principal measures for controlling the ill effects ox dust m m ining oiwrr tioi ue ventilation, wet method , prop r blast til} practice, the use ot personal re ptjarorv proto tiou and physical cxrunm ition ot 14 The tticinrcv o f these w a s t re u die reduction ot the incidence o f dust riis^a is atti sted bv the experience in th mines o i South A irica where among h e whole bosh ot miner* the liability to com ract silicosis ,n 193b <7 was less bv 65 por^cent than it w m 1920 33 \rnong the "new Rand nun, r ' w h o entered the industry b; way ot imtit! examination since 1916 and echo have Iiol i exposed soltlv to the progressively miprov mg o cupatiurul conditions that Lur of tamed suite thit date, the ability to con tract silicosis v,as less by 8 pet u n t th > tl c s iiilar liability among ah m iners wotL mg tor an equal period in '920-^3 I h r ^ ` new Rand im rers' constitut'd 7 per tent or all working miners examined k* ' tlj i'1 ' mi $ w S ip MW || b The aim should be to eliminate the dust entirely from the air br< athed W here tilts is not alwav nasible it may be possible to reduce the dlls' to a concentration that will not cause disvbihtv during a working lift 9 Allah sis oi dati collected b\ lilt Pub he Hialth fetivict to determine sate limits of dust exposure indicate that tmplov merit m an atmosphere containing less than >0 million d u 3t particles r ctihic toot pro ducts a negligible num b r of cases ot sill C o n clu sio n Tin n ortahtv and tnorbi i v irmu pul moiiarv diseases are excessive in tlu m inng mdustrv as a itsult ot exp isi rc to large amounts oi dust in the air Incathid here t o n , i on trol ot the dust f az. rd is nice s \ to prevent these dis. sc \ `o s npd lntrisjrc of control is applicable to all dusts opu tions and piocexses, thereiorr all tilt means or prr u n tio n must be practiced to m enu success in the seilution ot ihe problem Ifel m m m i| - - II J 1 -- I fs^ g siB lM . S^X^S2S?TS* i fl $^vti'iSwMiff'i-.j I I II - I 2 2 S^ a p#a ^t- f iS2f p^Ss ^.-T^*._h"pfSsys-.J-r'?"'5..;.w1-su^*,sCWa;: _iip SSS;itSgj,. I I Wmm 1 " i , ,."MU:>- y P &&?:*? sSai<s ~a' HTf5c; ; * A - O'J?s-^S' O OS35'<0'- 3 */~2; g. 3g .;- _' ^ ^ ^ mfmesgffSs^sI!mis^fife-i M im im ism m u $ m sm im ^ m m t si ^ Jilt? W$$ ."SSftS&3|. : : j i i p | f j | j ^ ,: fefer^ m m ^ m tK & $ $ .rr,Y'}'.--' :.'V'',rJ.;'^-v';:;-;--*':;V.i':.J-:':'>'-,V.^;/.';,-.'ri'.i--v';jI:r',.f^,;'::r-r?',-:l-r':-;>^\rvVi;^.i^'--:I:,^;f.Ti?A IS IlllB S iiliil  ttiip in J *j. . w,n(ji -H \ P iu u u 'i, Publie Scrwcc ( o ot \ o i ^V!'.'.v^0cV. i1ii--i^C hain>n uia'n**~." "~ n - t t \ i.Vi--K C J.' T~i '' t \ *'`v/r* ;0M:$J:S t `'lary ~ > ^ . :IiH fl0 n y 'n n g \ o m iittc t'-- K. Vr .j/n'i* '! 'n '<>*''' I R. iil > WH : v5fiQift:^;/iis;S' C ?S ;!pS P ifP > H W P ^B ioC H K T pR iA 'oK ''p / K w 0i^00:y0i0s L0Jfir)0yam m 0tr^~}i:j ScAf iXKK0(:ClHtir>iia>t)S C t W 'l OI h. ^ ( _. -. : ' - ;. T7!';'.' ^U.--- " y *0' Ssr;vic;;Go..uRfoio rido;.,t><-nve (pp io iki? ) ! (J ibfiXD, Alabam a Pow er Co Birmingham, M a' IP r' v, P^C^- ; f ^ r;iiA>i!#/^TM:^M:A'^'X'.,,:;vv..c>,'Aiv''A|.t'1. ;...;. // o -tv t,;ty ^ y n a la c h a w I l^ tric R o .c r^ G ^ 3 K > ^ ^ ^ ^ P 'r p jiiP P iP iP P .l^P^:SB;feM rp"p |i^s;^orhwestrn;KlectriccC'>Port|iand,; ^,. v:;^:;i?^,;;J l p S ^ j l l ^ ^ f M i m ^ v ^ e r a ^ ^ V:ira;-ilrl-c pAi u t h jirC'ipi ^pfeyj/pa,i>t1a;n poiwjiy:S|ijlT'aicilCnh ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ P i ^ ^ ; I A!h :f i & fI1^1A1St e a s ^ ^ ^ii lM: Pi i^!iaI*;C; P^K J "Ir ir.l ; Itili! li `p-m I-KW ^1n>>verd(&e;L;gh l|i'^PIai i'cojr\\>i lpii l M ('Me t iliip ^ I lt S S 8 lf t e S s r P P P ! p F p o^ i P ^ ^ 4 G ^aiji\ii E l& trical.iE i:;gh^rii^qtti< ij; i f t 'i ' ' GtOKi.t ( >w` D e'ron td i'-o n C o . D itro it, M k h h V t r ^ ' P M* l 'H 'i n , Illinois B d l Telephone C o, Chiesa, 111 W i ''<- '"'rC `i. K n i \ Texas, Pow er & ight C o , Dal.^ " U v.<iSS-)1, T Y i f l Scorr, Fumati of S a m e , In<\, Chicago 111 1 ' , ' ', ^ L C 1 fiH U k T , < o n io l,dated F d n G> i,i X 'i , lu e , New Y ork. N V ( \ i , \ ) V|; i^ F !>lj jy i E 1c^ric ) ^S"^Ca.CP 'i^ J " |g ! 'p " '/ , / O ffic e rs 1940-1941 ^L t Genera! L hatrinm ~ uxki.YsY.3iowpE>;YOhY.!YblicvServ;ce ;Co.;'i;Al]ianc.OhipYY.Y j , *,v f v' T i f i Chairm an--F5 L G H e s e g u o . P e n n -\lv a m a P o w er & L ig h t;.C o i, tientow r PatYL J f Secretary-- D C I ) t,\c \, Appalachian E lectric Power C o , Blucficld, W. Va i''1' , , ^ / omet ring Conumtt. -- I F McCabe (Chairman) DuqucsncsLtBhtiCo^Pittsburgh.pPBv-^ a^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H ^ l^ B K ftN h V N Y % g n s H d a tc a ^ G a ^ E lc c tric tG g n 'g '& ^P oT vcrfC ;o. B altitnbre.T % fd. Y i C G G i 1 1 W F Bi \ kv Fcnnc-sce A^ailex-.Authority,-Yhauanooga, Y e n n Y Y L V i ^...f...^.......,- E C B o o k m\ v, Virginia Electric & Power C o, Richmond, Va '........ V ..-;W V Y L r {?!Si##'%YAUL;!iT\G K uH x::TennsY haniaiEdiiK )n;G G V A ]toonaV '.HawT^TiAC-'-:'^T^TLriLSC'T'-''tr'-O:,;...:-:o; -, -CKCYs E0M0iiM`i^W]\Aii::GK CpL^Kiari>as;',CityF?o;VYVFYlL 'L-oWi :iV LYY'G l^t ^ W ffi^ ^ a ^ S K S S lib S l sc o : ServicesrdiiLCNe\c^Wrk,::K;:ThiL;'SiPLLii:iLii!PscLLLPL:i:fLr-^',;- w.>.- g " C '1 1 M. SxKiKt, St lo^cph K.aih\a\ Light, H eat & Puwet C o, St oeeph, Mo ^ifMtismm:e!!!atasShcet'eSu^Coiii)nittee-~.-hT:y-O'Briex-/C /tatrntanJ. Jersey Central.; , ^ . * ^ 0 . Asbitrv Park. K -1-- >.--- - ------ -- - -- Povi ei ,K ! i |i || ;Y Q ;|P S k t ix ;^ ^ h Y o n G n iE lc c tr iL P p w e r 'C o .:L ^U lv\aukee,(l;Wi,;L',:F;.;Y |||||M||YliE*iLiiFMTZ.GhiiAlY,iOhi0 iEdispn,iCoL'Sr>ringfiel(il,Ohio;;;vic.,?;v>:;rx*,ii-cicw!t i r-,iS i |i |li iy lW |iK M S S A P l}jS::Xorthern;;India!iaiuhlictScryice^CpVHan'iniond;;,]n<i m$fmij^$bmfiaf.e-tyieIjtstniC:iMn*Cliirdnub-Cammiitfii'^\\\vVim:KYvAVMc.HTK(j*hijaj iiriuM, ijauhu). fi;pifeiteBM bhcv;ServTceeU'f^ P g p p v P ite n p iip ; J p ^ ^ f ^ ^ ^ iS S e S ^ h ib h i^ p ^ m ^ 'e ^ ito liF iiio KWy'.'r. lM* ,'> - W . J I -if OtKW mjci, Indian ipoiis Power & Light C o , Indianapolis Intl WS ,Jl tcr and S a ie ty Ktnks l ammtttee-- E M ( USE (Chairman), Central Vernjont Publ i , ff *' r'icc ( o i p , Umland, V t i K -A \ WON*D; ROLJLJN`S. ;X i tSM liTn P n h l t r 'si**rv*<'i" ' f V ir n AV*5*-rn K ir .r ''i \ \ Hl 'tKScaiwiWii^ .;....... ...... * i ' v.uum_, .-- ---- Iok\ \ U c L > j ' i n . Ontario Hjdru Pow.tr Commission, Toronto, O m , Canada 1. S S hinv, Carolina Powt & Light C o , K a l e i g t f i N l C i t e ; i S Ii . m b i r s a t l a r , , , - ' ,i/C' H I B fk r o s, Con samt r. l' m u r l t , , Tackson, Mich ' ' J , *' Ji ,}A \is ( ommonweahh Ldwir, U , t hicago, 111 C. H DiNsvtow, Wisconsin Power \ Light Co, L P D r u m , ( onsolidatcd Edison Co of X. V.. Inc, New ( X I \ \ k l sik\ w, (. Irvt'and I itctric Illumir atinh (. o ( lew at d Ohio ( oitnalitrs ( P a n General Chairman) - >, . ( 10 B J r t f !ohn I SUk u h , i h t Lach dt ( . ^ Light t o . St Louis, Mo t Km'irr, Wisi.on'-in Publu Xtrwct ( orj>, M ilw auUt, M , , i (> \ Ooj u t u . Dayton Power X I igln t o , Dawon, Ohio S p h >a;Co;,- Pit:t.sbtj rgE,:' l ' J %C S-:"-it- UwSUUttAViuUMAg^au^yEElcytricahEngp 'i.i^IcCvu-ocn^Bureau o f :Saf ctysinc.. Cli.cago. 1 ifliis iiS p , ..r ,..,.r>>./ J ! , ,, . , ^ , ; . , : , . .... i,:,, V'. ' ..i\7!''" ~s,..v--'S.,?-.-,-J> M`C1> WIV15,^U 1I ... C U . ScoTr. I5r.rean o f S afety. ine., Chicago, 111 / System;;1Pittsbur'gSh?h;^ P a / u W ' ^ 5pe, uil Representaiiva-- S C iC i'X iteftlllliH JVA.X*S"v'-;"T.>CP*^TCT"^*V<C^*P"u*^-'`'i*cy,'cSwe-*nnicve.oliC;)\Q/'-'i',j;f'vVl'i*>"'aN^to/irthheenrni;;;,.IinoiiiyCiiicag^I I! ' C ^ c y '.9" .Pjle c ^ ic ^ C ^Ip^' 'r j ^ u O i -- it