Document g3vJdd7MjXRRaXxDkQ2aeGMG

KBiO,-ALBUM on A FI CGrAM F THE EJTCEJiSION OF THE FACILITIES OF THE KEITH IKG LAB0FA1QU OF APPLIED riilSlOLCGE FOE UiVESTICAilOK ALB IHETIUCTXGH JM 'IKE F IEID OF INDUS'!! IAL MEDICINE AND HEALTH Introduction This memorandum has been prepared in such a manner as to provide merely the outline of facts and -circumstances, which, in the opinion of the writer* m&y be useful in aiding executives of Ethyl Corporation to arrive at a conclusion as to the part Ethyl Corporation should play in the proposed plan. It is anticipated that questions may arise concerning details or additional facts/ curing the discussion of this matter. The background of the proposal was presented earlier, when, in ls*45, the Board of Directors of Ethyl Corporation agreed to appropriate bl>J,bu j .u j toward the sum then believed 10 be required lor the purpose. The present memoran dum repeats the former only in such matters as would seem to be oi major- Importance, or in those which require brief mention n relation to new conditions. In essence the memorandum attempts to fate vhst is proposed for accomplishment 11' possible, what facilities are needed to accomplish the intended purposes, vhat will be the cost of obtaining such facilities, and vhat advantages may be expected to accrue to American Industry, and specifically to Ethyl Corporation, from expenditures made therefor, fuggestions are made as to an appropriate means of proportioning the coat of the- enter prise among those who have made contributions toward these ends in the past, as well as those who may reasonably be expected to do so at this time. Those suggestions should net be thought of as repre senting the wishes of the writer or of the university of Cincinnat j., with respect to any contributor*, out only as one means, which may c Ihe writer takes this occasion to express his personal and professional appreciation and that of his associates in the Laboratory and in the University of Cincinnati, for the generosity and the point of view toward the Laboratory and its work, that have characterised the executives of Ethyl Corporation throughout the year*s- As the recipient of such generosity, and the beneficiary of such a viewpoint, the University and its representatives in this project would indeed be lacking* in self-respect and in gratitude if they were to make further appeal to Ethyl Corporation, except in so far as the further financial support of Ethyl Corporation may be expected to be mutually advantageous. the fresent Status of the Laboratory She growth of the Laboratory since its construction in 1^3j has been considerable and steady, with reference to its physi cal state, in terms of special adaptation ana use- of space, end its technical equipment, and also as to the size of its staff, the variety, volume and quality of its investigative work, the numbers of industrial organizations that have come to it for assistance, and the size of its annual budget. Exhibit A {attached; gives some figures which pox-tray the present value of the property in terras of its cost. It will be remembered that the original building and certain of its iixed equipment became available in l^j, through the joint gift of jl]kJ,joj.jj to the University by Ethyl Corporation , I;;. i. du Pont tie Nemours and Company {$>:j ,j Ou .c o ; and irigid&ire Corporation j j ;. fince that time Ethyl Corporation has made direct contributions of aggregate sums approximating $75#oOJ.JO for the building and certain fixed equipment, zart of the latter sum was employed for extensive remodeling to meet the changing needs of KE 0014228 2* che experimental work {$*0,^o o \o -j ) , and p&rt provided an addition to the original building and the installation of special equipment ior the study oi the philological effects of flight at high altitudes (v33#bOo.uo). iVhe latter may be .regarded in large part as a direct contribution to the war effort.; other items of equip ment have been purchased from time to time out of the regular annual budget of the Laboratory for supplies and equipment, funds for such current requirements have been made available by Ethyl Corporation as veil as other sponsors of the work of the laboratory from year to year, and by this means the facilities have been augmented steadily. It can be said, therefore, that every industrial organisa tion that has financed any significant part of the experimental program has made some contribution to the equipment and other operating facilities of the Laboratory Ihe result has been the development of a remarkably veil equipped and highly adaptable laboratory in which a vide variety of experimental work can be conducted with a high degree of convenience and dispatch. ihe number and variety of industrial organisations for which the Laboratory has worked is shown in Exhibit B. It is of some special importance, in relation to the present situation,that a disproportionately large number of large organisations have come to us with their problems since 1L44. Much of this somewhat sudden interest has been quickened by chemical developments, in the wake of the war. Me are at a distinct disadvantage here, in that these recently acquired clients, so-to-apeak, cannot be expected to provide any large proportion of the funds required for enlarging the Laboratory at this time, since their association with us, in many instances, is too recent to have yielded either proper perspective as to their own future developments, or confidence in the servica- Ke' 001422!) >. bility or tills laboratory for their purposes* On the other hand, their coming to us has great significance for the future It is apparent, from a number- of facts that have developed out of these new relationships, that the need for work of this type is very great and quite urgent in many instances, that the facilities available in this country are sadly inadequate, and that this Laboratory, if it were prepared to do so, could increase the scope and volume cl it vork several fold. It should also be said that because of the dearth of adequate facilities elsewhere, and by virtue of the fact that this is now the largest, best known and best equipped laboratory of its type in this country {now that the Industrial hygiene ivision of the U* S* .Public Health Service has restricted its field of work) v have some responsibility to try to meet the present needs of industry, to an extent is compatible with sound organisation and proper performance of our job. ihe increase In the volume of the work of the Laboratory since its embryonic development in the Eicfcberg Laboratory of Physiology in the College of Medicine in 1^25, and extending from its actual founding in X3I?l through to the present time, is best portrayed in term of expenditures made in groups of years, as shown in Exhibit 0. It will be seen that the cost of work done on matters of concern to Ethyl Corporation increased from the average annual sum of pl7*5Cu.Oij during the first four years, to the average annual sum of *5,000*00 for the next ten years, and on to an average of *-Jl, j j O.u u per year for the next four * She expenditures in this direction decreased in 1343 to {partly by reason of the pressure of work for others, and partly because one carefully planned program of investigation of lead metabolism came to an end K* 0014230 In the middle cl that 3ear;, increasing again to the peak of 433,572.00 in 1945* Despite this trend, the work done lor other industries has increased at a disproportionately high rate, so that in 1946 only 52 per cent of the expenditures of 'the Laboratory vere incurred in investigative vork for Ethyl Corporation * It does not appear from the figures, that the interests of Ethyl Corporation have been neglected while the experimental program for other indus tries has been expanded* It may be suspected, and is in fact true., that the unit cost of work done for Ethyl Corporation has actually decreased, because of the increasing effectiveness of the research organisation. It is also fair to say that the overall quality of the experimental work has increased considerably* the total expenditures of the Laboratory for experimental work Ircm 1925 through 1946 nay be seen to have amounted to a large sum, averaging about ;4,ouo.oo per* year of which 75 per cent was borne by Ethyl Corporation- As seen in the budget for 1547 and its anticipated allocations (Exhibit ! ), the gross expenditures of Ethyl Corporation are not expected to expand greatly. As a matter of fact. In view of the nature of the vork that is under contemplation for the next several years,it seems doubtful if these expenditures should bo expanded to any large extent even after certain additional facilities can be provided* She reasons for this statement will appear later* Exhibit D also serves to reveal the seriousness of the present problem of the work program. the implication that Ethyl Corporation is asking that its experimental program be increased to a level Involving expenditures of $1u 1,o j u *Oo ia not strictly true, as indicated previously. However, every other sum set down under KEf 0014231 '*J * *unds Available" has been provided in the hope that all of the work desired can be done* More funds cannot be accepted because more work cannot be done. Yet it is not to be supposed that all of the industrial organizations represented among the sponsors of work in 1^7 will be willing to make large or even small contributions toward the provision of further experimental facilities. Some of them are known to be planning laboratories of their own for such work and are anxious to have our help meanwhile. We believe these plans for privately operated laboratories to bo uaviae, excepting as the scope of the work is limited to problems of industrial health among the employees of the industry concerned* Even under these circumstances, ouch work, when carried out effectively, is unduly expensive and is generally wasteful, since the results arerarely published and thus the work is likely to be replicated In a number of such laboratories. In oui' opinion, the building up of hygienic information for the general use of industry by the application of sound experimental methods which are subjected to open examination and appraisal, is badly needed, and considering the generallack of adequate facilities to this end, every effort should be made to avoid duplication of effort sad inefficiency in the employment of funds and facilities. However, we cannot oppose or discourage the efforts of industrial organisations to solve their own problems of this type, nor can v influence the present trends except by our own more adequate response to current needs. Ihere is adequate evidence, however, that such facilities as ve can obtain will be employed to the fullest extent in the immediate future and for a long lime to com* KE 0014232 7 Medical Education and the Laboratory Coincident with the growing need tor investigative work in industrial hygiene in our rapidly expanding industrial community, there is urgent necessity tor the training of practicing physicians* Uo a lesser degree, engineers), ihls need has been recognized for some time, and some efforts are being made in university and industrial circles to meet it. Unfortunately, in our opinion, most of these efforts are being made by persons and groups lacking experience either in the field of medical education or in that of industrial practice. Any program of instruction that Is to be effective must meet the practical needs of the day's work within Industry, but must also bo built upon the firm foundation of modern medical training and research. We cannot ignore our responsibility in this University for working out and executing a program of training that will produce medical men with the special knowledge and skills that are required. Wo expect to do this on a small scale, and in such manner that the experimental and clinical facilities of this .Laboratory and the varied general educational facilities of the Colleges of Medicine, Engineering, Lavpand Business Administration in the University, will serve our purpose. Our associations with our colleagues in these faculties of the University are such that this can be done, and the plan now visualized can be carried out without encroachment upon the space and equipment designed for investigative purposes. Moreover the expense or this work, as we have planned it initially, will be negligible, rpecial funds will be required only for establishing fellowships, with stipends to individuals lor two years in succession, 'these will not exceed per person per annum, and will be limited to two for the first year. Ve have re&ecn to believe that a number of industrial organizations will provide such fellowships as a means of encouraging HZ' 0014233 the development of personnel with special training In this field, Ihese stipends are larger than those granted to undergraduates and to certain types of graduate students, but ve shall accept only persons vho have completed their medical training together with two years of hospital experience- Such men will rarely be able to (ontinue further training on their own resources, and many of them, over any considerable period of years, will be married. 'Ihey cannot be expected to make more prolonged and more serious economic sacri fices for the sake of this highly specialized training. On the other hand, we have found it possible to obtain the right kind of applicants for fellowships of the type specified. Iwo have been offered as follows: first Year second fear tingle Persons Married feroons v 2,7-j , A third year In an industrial service ox- In a series of such services ^on salary; is planned to fulfill the need ior practical experience. During this period the work will be carried out under the joint responsibility of the University and the Medical l^taff oi the industrial organization, in much the same\iashlon as a hospital residency is authorised and conducted. feme adjunct instruction for engineers is contemplated, in a working relationship with the College of Engineering, but the means by which this is to be done have not been worked out as yet. Our role in such a plan is likely to be minor, and will involve only some expenditure of time. the ?Ian for Expansion A forme: memorandum indicated our belief that the laboratory building should be enlarged to approximately twice its present size. K 0014234 by the elongation of the present short wing vhich is on the ground floor only, and by adding three floors above this level, so as to complete a substantially symetrlcal building of tvo wings at right angles to each other* In this space the additional laboratories now needed could be housed, together with the clinical facilities (on the ground floor.; that are badly needed, as veil as the animal quarters (on the top floor and roof) without vhich the general experimental program cannot be augmented. The enlargement of the building to this extent was believed necessary, not so much to double the vork as previously conducted, as to augment it in those respects in which it is found to be most lacking. Certainly the staff of the Laboratory, vhich nov numbers fifty-seven, will not be greatly increased, since most of the projected space would be occupied by the present staff if it were available. Present work is considerably handicapped by the shortage of office space, among other things, rtorage space is almost non-existent. Certain laboratories are overcrowded with equipment and personnel. Indeed, the effort has been made during the past several years to increase the staff as the growth of the work required, and to adapt the available space, at whatever incon venience that might result to individuals, to the necessities of the situation. There can be no doubt that this procedure has reached the LO point of diminishing returns in a number of respects. `While it could co c q be justified as a temporary necessity. It cannot be continued much *--i longer without serious consequences. Therefore, we shall have to Go expand the laboratory to conduct even the present volume of work, hi and if ve are to turn out more and better work, our requirements can not be reduced much below the level contemplated in our original plan, Following approval of the plan, which,as originally proposed in lp44, involved tentatively estimated expenditures of 42o 0,u -j j .j J, the architect engaged by the University (the architect of the original lu. building) drew up final plans and specifications in accordance with our carefully vorfced out requirements, these plans differ from those prepared for the original structure, in that what is needed at this time, with but lew exceptions, can be set down in detail and with precision, without prejudice to a very considerable flexibility. In large part, and certainly in those respects in which our needs are greatest^the completed space can be put to use at once, the necessary services and facilities being brought to completion, instead of being brought to a convenient point for subsequent application. Certain of these service facilities could be held in abeyance for later development if this turned cut to be entirely necessary, but not, v believe, without curtailment of the contemplated program of experimentation, and not without some degree of unnecessary expense at a later date. An appreciable decrease in the cost of materials and of labor at some later time might offset this disadvantage, but such a circumstance is not pieclccable. In any case the plans and specifications, as now available, have been used as the basis for bullber*s and contractors estimates (not bids). It is no surprise, in view of the events of the past two years, that these estimates are outrageously high. the facts are summarized briefly in Exhibit X::. (the plans and specifications for the new building and its various services are also available for examination.) It is believed by the architect that the situation in the building tz-adea in Cincinnati has stabilized to some degree since these estimates were made, and chat the cost will be somewhat less than that indicated here. It is also believed by the-architect and by the writer, that certain coats established by present specifications can be materially reduced by the re-examination of the specifica- K 0014236 u c-ions, item by item# and by substituting less costly but not less satisfactory materials, so far as they are obtainable, there is little extravagance in the specifications, but there is some, we think, and these can be eliminated# with savings which may range from $S5#vx>o.ou to JO. This has not been done# for the reason that neither ve, nor the architect, wish to spend further effort and time upon these plans, until some decision has been reached as to what general course is to be followed. the great increase in the cost of carrying out our plans has made it necessary to reconsider our entire program- V believe that ve should net postpone our efforts, for reasons indicated previously. On the other hand if ve are to go ahead at this time, it would seem that the cost of the enterprise must now be shared by a larger number of industrial organizations, lor this reason, ve have now cone what ve formerly hesitated to do, having approached all but a few of our most recent sponsors, inviting them to share in the creation of the additional facilities necessitated in part by their requests ibr assistance- The responses to these approaches have been generally reassuring, ihe actual appropriation of funds has not been accom* plished to the degree which justifies a full statement of the situation at this time. However, the allocations represented in Exhibit f are based, partly upon receipt^ of contribution1, partly upon pledges* partly upon reasonable expectations and partly upon hope. rIhis Exhibit as here presented will be corrected and made factual as to the status of each item, as events permit. It is not too far from the truth to be employed as the background on which the judgment and advice of executives of Ethyl Corporation can be baaed. thought has been given to other means of financing some portions of this project. It vus thought at one time that certain HE 0014237 12 charges could be assessed against each project accepted hereafter from organizations not listed among the contributors to this fund* By such means funds might be accumulated and employed as required in the future for obtaining additional space and equipment, or for retiring obligations incurred at this time* On careful consideration of this procedure, some considerable doubt may be entertained as to whether It is in keeping with the policies and legal rights of this University* Certainly the Birector of the Laboratory cannot authorise or carry cut such policy without the approval of the Board of Birectors of the University* Our definite impression is that such approval would not be granted. Certainly this would be the case in relation to our assumption of financial obligations for later retirement whether privately or with the official backing of the University. Ve could encourage and even solicit contributions toward endowment funds, but obviously these could not be made a condition to our acceptance of problems for investigation, either directly or by subterfuge. For these reasons we incline to the opinion that ve should accept the decision of our present sponsors as to the degree of feasibility of our present program, adapting ourselves thereto, without other commitments or present reservations as to future developments. ihls opinion represents a reversion to a former viewpoint, which, from the University aspect would appear to be sound * namely, that cur work is determined, in large measure,, by the recognized needs and interests of the industries served, and that we should live within the means so provided, until and unless other and independent means come to be available, this then is the present position, on the basis of which the good advice of executives of Lthyl Corporation as to our best course at this time, is needed sought. He 0014238 13. ?Ihe Status of the laboratory In delation to Ethyl Corporation and Its Hygienic Problem there remains only the necessity for presenting the facts as to the services now being rendered by the Laboratory to Ethyl Corporation, as well as those which seem to be required in the future. Here, in effect the write? must divorce himself, so far as possible, from his concern for the present and future of medical education and research as a member of the faculty of the University of Cincinnati, and consider &b realistically as he may, his pro fessional responsibilities to Ethyl Corporation, i'.eg&rdlese of vk*the? this can actually be done, it is necessary to bring to the attention of the Executive Committee various phases of the work of the Laboratory which are carried out feu Ethyl Corporation, as veil as certain additional problems which seem to require further careful investigation. In exhibit O are listed a series of items of work, carried out in the year 1^4n, by members of the staff of the Laboratory. It should be.recognized that these items of work and the expenditures made in their performance, are entirely separate, administratively and otherwise, from the regular work of the physicians of the Medical Department of Ethyl Corporation. Ihese things are done by the University of Cincinnati, on the request, so-to-speak, of the Medical Director of Ethyl Corporation, and at the expense of Ethyl Corporation, in exactly the sane manner, theoretically, as such work would be done for any other acceptable Industrial organization. Every service that is commonly x'endered by the Laboratory to Ethyl Corporation from year to year Is represented here in more or less characteristic form and quantity, with the exception of the provision of office space for the conduct of the medical affairs of Ethyl Corporation. If the two activities^ were actually separate in every respect,the entire pro- KF 0014239 m. o c-:> *^3< O o U4 * fession&l and clerical staff of the Medical department would require space# office and medical equipment and various services in dupli cation of the facilities nov available in the Laboratory, from time to time ve have considered that it might be advisable to have such a separation of activities. Lately ve have come to the conclusion that any serious criticism of our somewhat complex professional activities would probably be the result of malice rather than mis- > understanding# and would therefore be unavoidable in any case. An examination of the items of Exhibit C- discloses some rather unusual and scattered ramifications or the business of Ethyl Corporation with respect to toxic hazards, whether actual or suspected. It is of some interest, to recognise that the contacts of the Laboratory with various aspects of the highly organized commercial life of the community are numerous and varied thereby giving us a considerable awareness of many matters that seem to be of small importance but may xurn out to have real significance. 'without question the more valuable services of the Laboratory to Lthyl Corporation are represented in Exhibit H,. It is in this field of investigation that ve have been enabled to sound out the p future, so-to-speak# and to obtain the basic information on which to base long-term policies In relation to the safety of the public, and that of the employees of Ethyl Corporation who are engaged in hazardous work. At another time and for another purpose, the several items of this Exhibit might veil be commented on in some detail. Suffice it here to list them in reasonably understandable terms as the basis for demonstrating that extensive investigation has been required for the purpose of dealing with current and long-range hygiene problems cl the Corporation. It night be thought that the program of hygienic invests- 15 gaticn could be reduced progressively from some time in the near future onward. This, It should be aid with emphasis, cannot be done except at considerable peril. the commercial activities of Ethyl Corporation ;do net stand still, nor do the industries' so closely related to Ethyl Corporation remain quiescent. New problems are created every time a distributor of petroleum elects to employ new methods of producing or marketing a product which contains tetraethyl lead or any other lead compound. New potential hazards of unknown significance are created by changes in the design of motors and motor cars, and by different procedures for servicing, repairing and operating them. Host of such changes are insignificant In their effects, but one never knows when some significant move will be made. `These are matters of minor importance, however, when the narrowness of Che present margin of safety in the matter of public lead absorption is recognised . Certain facts will serve to Illustrate the point. Ke have been studying the sources and the order of magnitude of the lead intake of the ordinary normal person in this and other countries for many years, partly because of interest In the problem, of course It is a fascinatingly complex biological yxodlem. however, we should have been unable to justify the expen ditures made on behalf of Ethyl Corporation, in all honesty and fairness, if ve had not been convinced that this Is the key to the manner of conducting the business, so far as its relationship to the public health is concerned. If and when there should be reasonably acceptable evidence of danger xo the public, additional safeguards would have to be created. Recently ve completed an elaborate study, of several years duration ,of the fate of Iced taken in vith food and beverages. Many significant facts were established, but the important one for present purposes relates to the amounts of lead which can h e 0014241 Xo safely be taken in with the food every day over a period of many years by the healthy adult, 'ibis is of the order of magnitude of half a milligram of soluble lead. Actually the mean value of that which is taken in with the food and drink of the average American is three tenths of a milligram. Ihe importance of these facts is very great, and on account of them we have concluded that we must determine the significance of inhaled lead with the same care ve have applied to the solution of the other problem, 'this will require some years of study, but ve now know that under* present conditions the lend in the atmosphere breathed by certain segments of the population is of the order of magnitude of one tenth of a milligram per day. It seems reasonably certain that this situation has changed but little within the past decade or two, but the operating factors, including the concentration of load-containing exhaust gases discharged into the atmosphere, which may influence this situation, are numerous and varied, ihe combustion of coal and wood, the distribution of smoko and soot, and the proximity of highways and industrial plants to population masses ate* all factors. the facts in these matters, and the manner of disposition of the inhaled load in the body, should bo known in some detail. We propose to establish the facts, because ve believe the safety of the public is involved. We also believe that Ethyl Corporation needs to know these facts,because the manner of conducting its business is involved. If there is actual danger, or an unduly low margin of safety, ve shall be the first to know it, and Ethyl Corporation will be fully advised. Moreover, by following the course ve have laid out wo will be the source to which public health authorities and others will be bound to come for information, there is no question about our present status as investigators of this KE 0014242 17* subject, end If ve maintain our prestige by hard work* rather than by professional or academic self assertion/ we shall be able to maintain and consolidate this status, the importance oi` this in relation to inspired or misguided measures which might do serious harm to the Indus try , may well bo considerable. It may be remarked in passing# although it is of mere than incidental impoi'tance, that the- information which enables us to appreciate the public pcsitlon# with respect to lead hazard, will also, as in the past, provide us with the means of protecting the employees of Ethyl Corporation and those of its customers against the hazards of their occupations. In calling attention to the foregoing matters, we do not take the attitude of the alarmist/ but rather that of the realist, who undertakes to foresee the worst that can happen, and to act up suitable means for offsetting It. Ixx this instance, "the worst'1 Is not conceived of in wholly imaginary terms, but as certain ''proba bilities'J \ln the technical venue) based upon /mown facts,the lull significance of which cannot be appreciated without further investi ret ion. the experimental work contemplated. in connection with the general problem referred la above, will be approached systematically and spread over a period of years. By this means it will not assume the character ox" urgency, and it will be fitted into the general experimental program of the laboratory. Its cost will be kept at a moderate level thereby, and will be spread over seme period of time. Ke consider this good policy ill relation to both Ethyl corporation and the Laboratory, in the latter instance because a continuing large and veil-financed iters of work contributes greatly to the K 0014243 18. social and economic stability of the Laboratory. Concluding Statement the foregoing paragraphs represent our viewpoint on this entire situation In fairly comprehensive outline. Our request, for our own guidance, is that the Executive Committee of Ethyl Corpora tion determine vh&t investment the Corporation should make toward this project, out of.broad consideration of its own interests- Me have considered the problem from many aspects, and have been somewhat too deliberate perhaps in our presentation of it. lor many reasons, it is important that there be no further prolonged delay in arriving at a decision. >e are prepared to plan our course on what can reasonably be done at this time- As the large contributor in the past, and as the largest single sponsor of the current experimental program or the Laboratory > the action of Ethyl Corporation will be decisive. However, we feel strongly that this fact should not be t-rmilted to exert an undue influence upon the decision. Our concern for the Laboratory is that It should fulfill an Important purpose over a long period of time* This can be accomplished only if it builds upon the firm foundation of the actual needs of its industrial sponsors Any such sponsor, convinced against better judgment, or led by other means to contribute beyond its recognized desire, will probably with draw his support one day. the writer hopes to have no part in bringing about that day. lobert h . Aehoei director April P, 1r^7 Lettering laboratory of Applied rhysiology, College of fiedicine. University cf Cincinnati KF 0014244 louiiari a i lUAliijUiLi DAj .'A } .1 li-G litBOKlVi O.t ~ 01- r,- >, i.V/ j X * oi i'iitijX*.>Xi'il-- * Uhl sfl-ivox^x oi* C.lbbi.hhAiI tpi exiiaate Value of Property in ..erms ol cost voui id ing ant) equipment Gave been maintained In excellent OOI'iG -i. t x GA by careful supervision and replacement, The cost of maintenance, replacements oi' equipment and additions w c eq Ux -..'uen t has been reflected in operating costs, vhich have been Gi stributed among contributors *..o all experlinenta 1 pi-Ojccts during the past ten years. replacement value of piopei Ly nov greatly appreciated . j uildiiig und fixed equipment iher operating equipment, oiiice 2 ixlures one libra; \ facilities .. o x a l .. ,`3.0X -0.n.U O i/o-V . l -J l; . ,;.OA a >. iij x o or]...'0X-t v;Oii u . oor vjOii ii'xd o ^ o; ; C t L Ox Kf 0014245 JOailEI1! B COMTEIBlflOES Og LED EXPIIE IMPELAL WQKK OF LEE LABOIALOEY from ly;:>j to the end or 1947 Ethyl Corporation L. X. q u Pont de Hemours and Company Monsanto Chemical Company Erigidaire Corporation Commercial Solvents Corporation Chicle Development CompanyStandard Alcohol Company Mead Johnson Company Eagle Ficher Lead Companyrow Chemical Company Love Brothers Company C- F. Kettering Foundation Harrison radiator Division of General Motors Procter and Gamble Company Giaselli Chemical company { 111on-Davis Company Remington Arms Company U. 0 . Government ^Office ox Lcientitic research and Development, Ccr;tail tee for Medical Hesearch, tyaartermastcrs Depaxtmen!, Army) Kenton Pharmacal Company 3. F Goodrich Company Pennsylvania Salt ftanui'actusing Company American Oyanamid Company She Geigy Company P aIke-Da vis C omp&ny tue Fexas Company hooker Electrochemical Company Universal Oil Products Company Wright Aeronautical Corporation JohnsSon Bronze Company the Institute of Paper Chemistry the Lithographic technical Hesearch Foundation Lhe Barrett Division oi Allied Chemical and Dye Corporation Since 1944 Standard Oil Development Company Standard Oil Company of Indiana Professional Cold Wave Manufacturers Group Armour' and. Company Swift and Company American Petroleum Institute velsicol Corporation Lehman Brothers U. L. Government (Public Health C- P* Hall Company Service) Maliinckrodt Chemical Borks Purdue Research Boundsticn Wyando11 e Chemicals Corpora11on I* cynolds Metals Corporation Aluminum Company ox' America Hamilton County, Ohio - Coroner*s Office S:/lvania Electric Products, Inc. 001424t EXHIBIT c T9AKCTAL DATA xa.TTEr.IIjG LABQKATOi Y OF APPLIED r'HYS10LOGY , COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, OLIVEBSm Or CiflCilKTATI Operating Cost of Laboratory From Time of origin to Present Time Cost of Experimental Work carried in Physiology Laboratory College of Medicine, from -1925 to 19pG v 70,o u j .j u Cost of Experimental Work carried out in Kettering Laboratory, from 19yj through 1945 total Cost of Experimental "Work \j 23 o 1.,4j 7,1-v j .C7 Approximate Distribution of Cost of Experimental Work Prior to 15j3c Ethyl Corporation 19DO ' hr o1' iph 1 ft; Ethyl Corpora tion other Sponsors 1541 r.hrou oh 1C44 IV thy 1 0 or porati on Other Sponsors 0 os t v70/.PE;t JO JO I * oO 95,hr;. 0 0 >54,949. 11 526 j9f6. 53 Eercentaf.-: 1. j 0 05 10 59 41 Ethyl Corporation Other sponsors 1946 F.thyl Corporation Other Sponsors 1955 through 1946 Ethyl Corporation 01he r Spons or s **>} i o9,458. 0 0 37 3,J7S. 00 63>755 79 1/071,507. 77 --xotopo 90 vl,4o7A4o. 07 48 55 o2 48 75 24 loo i'XHIBIl D .:;<a k c ia .i.. l a *: a c,-;.:.: '.:x id ox Ci x m* c V- 1..C i vJ iS C. > J;!i i Vi.h. -Jc c i j.Hi-y. i d . o l ci' . u g .c c y - s Lci-i!i&i& i'ivi s Ciher i liaeiU&i ^rsic:iia i.-Vf 1Y-, ^ dd, il r.:v.` . ' c t in& r e J21&03 istribut icn cl da.ll&dc : sandy ond ; GI ii t iOjC ,. Oc.' I i . .'ii . 1: i . va LxCi. ..' i. v " Vc.-C CJ. c i\ < code Ui c ^ ccn* ; c.-e c I - t. . ' CtX . ! Du ioni ;; c .onicurc ecu; . c. iCnsant o oddcd -no-on; dn&crdui Cclvoinc -co -orodc-n .; . deaden .oc;: no ','exmuj Idnd ::. i, Cbnui'aciur-ici, c- i-illCj' .;.C4.>vkl .' Ai .C-iiii',. L'M- L '. - J 1UV 'U'..' C t- ' '-v--I ncivcrcai ..*.1 . uci..; ..c-.c ore, -i.1.4 C- u. >. O'1. . -..v i. i. '. V' i` . . .1M S. t - J ' iciiccc'... .._x v.. v:, .ic"iii;x\\. '. Ci'- ... >..-- .;.C..-; \,i -- J.. 1 . ,C.. -. .*!*^ \-I.-O'C .iC-CCC- . . r vCi OCOCCO-d . i; dVC :. crc.i C'. t U; 11j 'i l C 0.00 v CiTi ''.'- ... cvin ird :, ccrceaij di^ricnii I C'troie vdi A. n k ;/ dbnid.a utlcerc .'XiXjc'iCiaC'G 1 chiCiU.cal i a;cuc i c e u : cti : ccno&tlca r-;^ari6oi-t.e Iheraica^ corpo?aiicci le^ncldc* Co:; corat lc.u i.ici*J-Tiun cCTTpax3y oi ^>12.0] . cc-i l^ivanla ...ioctrcc : ccuc ;. :i , -no. yoloicoi Corporat-icii Iciiilton . ocjii j ;..'orcnei ; <j .. *_ v..* V ClPiKiOii V c - t-j.' *1.1 . t . U i -i c o ; - * } ' V - . ^ ' ^ ' . .. * , - 0 i < V : > . . l;} ; ; * - ' ./ > . . - . ./ ; >.C 1 .. . , 1, - * -.J . l > ;c -* .; .. '- f i - ... - ,< : r.cj } ,, ; . % _. .> . ..; ,, j j p .* ; ' T, *- - S ' j* . L ' * > .> ~. ..' i . J .: . .,; i Ca * i . 1 tZ ; ; L ^ mj > -- - ,* * ' * - - ? *1 * ' n ; * ' ` ,v * * ,-. . : . : T * s ' ' .1 -i ** . j;-! ' * x 1 > 7 - * * ,^ ; 7 ?C ' - .> ; cr t ` c s 1 . . ll I. \ 7, ; .' 1 r * C . 1i * - > ' *> jo un rV J. X .0 d 1 %* - 3 `1. d X *5 . C'C iC -/ cc;; c... v ,i . v.. .a ...;.* ci ;l ...iCt.Ci J] 'i .j.iL . C ... ',. c 'C 1 1 Y C- C C u c.' '..'i'i'i, - :c. id, c-c bit.- i: ; C C '. j :.;C VC;1 Cw'CiC CY: ! OTlir m '. i' C *.'i- ^ ,, j. . (.C ..t-CCi' O' Ci'i ., .' is.'Cccici Is vied :-..istiii. u ccciu . ; a ..-; I orvt: erd In r .** X. X x V 00142 XJCHIBIV f EIHAKCJAL L-AvA '..1.1 IKG MAO}-AUG? 1 OX ArPLXil) tuiXXGLGG1 iilDXCIAE , JKIVII VV-1 Ofr .ClAAAAl GA AsuiasieG cost ox additional iabilities by architect in .December of 1944, on basis of irhoimal discussion of pi enable requirements Estimated Cost of additional facilities Irj architect in September 1946, after completion of plans and specifications for building and specialized fixed G> Q equipment (air cendit ioning, etc.; as voriced out. in detail with staff of babor-at o t j Builders estimate \ o\.i l s id o) includ; --i fired fee of P20 * jj Other blanches oX 'A O X 1\. (.* L 0 A- 0 -L >.. IS t* .Lma t (j(i as j Oiiv't') Electrical Air- Conditioning Heating and lentil at Ing -1 O ).) !* ' J J . ! > Plumbing It 1 e vs t o :? s and 6 urn c Uli Vj X-' a! -?r~T77" Adjustment clause 1 >.j 171 - : OliSl Aichilect*s fee f-,on ais c-sTimate oi v m Grand total Estimated cost of remodeling present building (can be deferred) Estimated cost of additional operating, equipment in new building 'total to complete facilities ,/j i.-o,lp \- S' "i ' -1' S' /. ' , / *( . 1' J) -u - -s -/ J 1J , j '-J'.j . j ; *1512,lo uu.) KH 0014249 e x h ib it f VIKAKCIAL DAIA XKG lABObATCKS 01' APPLEED j-rtICSGLGCl OF MEDICINE, UKIVEBSITX C5* CINCINNATI Suggested Distribution of cost of Nev Facilities Among Industrial Sponsors, based upon approximate proportional use of all facilities of liberator;/ from 1944 through 1947* or in subsequent years so far as can be ascertained. 'Total not to exceed * p\> 0 f -J -) wit Sponsor* Percentage Contribution Ethyl Corporation Monsanto Chemical Company h- I. u Pent ce Nemours and Company Commercial Solvents Corporation K111 on-Davis Company ?ihe Texas Company Universal Oil Products Company Barrett Division of Allied Chemical and Dye Corporation Miscellaneous jscenc Sponsors - 0 F Goodrich Co. Vyandotte Chemicals Corp. C-eigy Company, Inc. f tandartJtfGIl Co. (Ind i- tanciar&^Desveiopment Co Mallinckrcdt Chemical Vorlcs Aluminum Company of America U'-J 5 1o b 1 2 9 Cp . .> -i IV . , Jfr J b,-A- .'.-.j 1 , JUO . ul*** 1 , P w' * 0 .5 4 3, U 0 - . 0 v T Ol u X regarded as adequate If present program is relieved available from anonymous contributor. Unmarked sums received or formally appropriated . * 1 of this sum previously appropriated. ** -v 15,j j j .j O of this sum received - balance unsolicited as yet. *** Under consideration at present. Size of individual contributions uncertain. KE 0014250 LABOI AVO; Y 0'/ ALfhjL _*il' X0ij0*.'ii . OF MEDIC Ih baiure, scope and approximate cost of routine services rend excel in the course of a topical year (iplo j in obtaining necessary information for the detection and control of current hazards of bus iue s s oper a t ions of' Ethy 1 0 or poration a c t u a l com X. Lead analyses in connection "with the operation of baton Kouge 'i.L.L. Manufacturing plants (a) Quarterly samples of feces and urine obtained from representatives of all occupations (approx. 1- > v .j u .rJ (b} foot samoles of olood and urine in connection villa regular examination of ail employees of lead area (approx, ibjop J,i tj.pj pc} loot samples cl urine and cicod ft cm smelter personnel (approx. ->- / ^eed analyses in connection with tnt o'oeia i:a.or ihe research and testing lCDorai.oii.es o .l per oov a tion Samples scs and urine V-4 . bead analyses obtained in connection with diagnostic .u coionic me.t ^.n x lolo oy .n.e c tw.i i oi. `..iie ^.ehj ..cai Be par taient of the Ethyl Corporation among blenders, persons exposed to leaded gasoline with complaints or allegations cf injury (appa ox I pi . Jj 4. Lead analyses of sludge, scale and other . materials obtained from tanks and ether containers employed in the transpoxtation and storage of gasoline (approx. lJd) poo. jj 5* lead analyses of materials from all parts of country, including food products, edible oils and drinking water sent in by individuals, commercial organisations, and field representatives of Ethyl Corporation (approx. o. Consultation advice in connection with a vide variety oi problems related to loaded gasoline, posed by industrial cigania&tions, governmental and military 03 ganisations, private individuals and public officials. Opinions and advice based on experimental evidence vilh ox vl.hout interpretations o: specific analytical data Ke 0014251 G r* r. # t Time. Approximate value of time inot less than l.//* f total time) = Micx oscopic examinations of flood riims o d caineci physicians of Hectical Department of Ethyl o; peration in course of regular pas-iodic examinations a mixing personnel Clinical microscopy by Kettering Laboratory eomiical staff (not physicians) carried out in onnection with examination of Ethyl Corporation ad Ethyl Specialties personnel who came to Cincinnati or examination or consultation Statistical work in the study and interpretation of nalytical data obtained from routine and special lead nalyses on operating personnel of Baton Louge Manu red uring plants 1JjoO 4 t J .j O . j 0 vj \J l ,%> J J J ocal cost of routine services fyt 7 ; ) . J'J K 0014252 r .ax l IBj A il KEOTEI IHG lABOI'-A'i Oi l OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY , COLLI GJ OF MEDICIhE, UhiVIHSIif OK CILCIhbAl I Eatm-e, scope and approximate cost of experimental programs can-led cut in connection with immediate or long-term problems or devolop.tczius of Ethyl Corporation bearing upon industrial or public health Curing a typical year (1946) if ri lU'k.' .* . "ir UmrSu.ri r- r, c. 1. Systematic investigation of certain phases of the behavior of lead in the human organism, and the problems of lead absorption, distribution and excretion in relation to load poisoning ;he threshold of salety with respect to the ingestion of lead with food and beverages from day to cay, on the part of normal individuals, as part of the background of the business of Ethyl Corporation in its relation to the health of the community (1 subject studied in 1946) -u J) f / i > j' J (b) ihe fate of lead absorbed during occu pational lead exposure, in terms of the rate of progressive elimination and i.be raeans of altering the rate ytopa-ox. 4 pa 11 en t n s tud i eci j (c; the therapy of lead, poisoning (1) Effects of the administration of ammonium chloride (2; Effects of the administration of potassium iodide (y) Effects of the use of B.A.L. (6 patients studied) (d) Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of lead poisoning - miscellaneous work in study of lead poisoning in children and adults 9. Investigations of the toxicity of certain h&logenated hydrocarbons employed or considered for employment in the manufacture of antiknock compounds - 2 compounds studied cursorily in 1>'4 J-.) 2,-J'JO.dO cl , \J j b Investigation of the toxicity and mode of action 0014253 } ox certain amines and other incidental chemicals employed in manufacturing processes in the owton jouge plant of Ethyl Corporation - materials examined in preliminary manner 4. investigation oi the toxicity, mode of action of Xylictine and moiioiuetnyl aniline, and. of the practical hazards of their use as antiknock compounds in motor fuels . (Comple cion ox' fairly comprehensive work begun on behalf of Ethyl ioiporatlon and Associated Ethyl Go* Ltd. during the vai J 4. investigation of the iiamediate toxicity of certain detergents for use in Lthyl cleaner- 10!Lthyi Specialties Corporation ^ j O p mvest agar .ten 01 lire ex foots ox contact human skin vita ithyl Cleaner and its constituents KcZ\': human sub ec/cs studied in }ao j investigation oi' the cutaneous irritant pro perties of impermeable gloves developed for use by _pthyl Corporation r-ese&x ch laboratories in the : .]:, L. manufacturing plants and elsewhere fox human raojecrc studied in l.C4jj 7* Library work in literature xese&rcL and compila tion of bibliographies, oy library stair ana xieucc-rs ox research staff of .Laboratory (About A ye;A/.to items of work of variable size ana scope .in luLtg together with systematic accumulation anti ciase.uioaL.lon of ici'e-xences and reprints on load compounds, ha 1 o g c na i ed hyd rc c nr- bons and d etc>r ent s , h investimation of analytical methods fox ieac in biological materials > including a rhori screening method fox- diagnostic purposes, and tho ae\ertnination of radioactive- isotopes of lead - jy T ,0'JU _-L investigation of the distribution of lead and certain other materials (Bromine) la the air of Cincinnati In .relation to various environmental factors, including automobile and aeroplane exhaust i-.il: (Begun in October; total Cost cl Investigative work, with exception of certain overhead costs,including those of top taoervision and administration JZL Ah,794 \r) Kb 0014254