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- a ,J.V (. ( <J> mi * - $ far --/ Monsanto Chemicals-Plastics </i_______ THE BULK TANK STORAGE OF PLASTICIZERS ' C'<- /'!' >) Monsanto Technical Bulletin No. 0--69 Rovisod, October, 1952 Monsanto Chomical Company, Organic CHomieals Division, St. Louis, Mo. The purchase of plasticizers in bulk tank car or tank truck quantities is becoming increasingly common for it frequently offers the possibility of effecting attractive economies and operating advantages. There are, however, certain require* ments associated with the handling and storage of large volumes in bulk that should be given thorough consideration. This bulletin briefly outlines a generally applicable system for the bulk tank storage of plasticizers. Included are draw* ings of typical equipment types and arrangements, and data on pertinent properties of various Monsanto plasticizers. Adaptations of the system may be made to meet the particu* lar storage requirements of specific installations. The Monsanto technical staff is available for consultation and further detailed information. : In addition to single unit tank cars and compartment tank cars for shipment of mixed plasticizers, Monsanto can promptly service most of the United States with compart ment tank trucks from strategically located bulk storage stations. Your local Monsanto office will be pleased to dis cuss your plasticizer problems and further explain services available. ;s c5 H 2* m-i o "70 a m s s SO | a < -i m L X3" rs: -a S3- Mz A 0619999 ] | 1 TOWOLDMONOQ39073 TABLE of CONTENTS Page MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION.............................................................................. 2 STORAGE TANKS........................................................................................................ 2 PIPE LINES.................................................................................................................. 2 PUMPS AND FILTERS................................................................................................. 3 TANK CAR UNLOADING............................................................................................ 3 PREPARING EMPTY CAR FOR RETURN................................................................. 3 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS............................................................................................. 4 DRAWINGS Vertical Storage Tank (Fig. 1)...................................................................................... Typical Run of Steam Traced Pipe (Fig. 2)............................................................... Flow Diagram From Tank Car To Storage Tank (Fig. 3)........................................ Storage Tank With Ladders and Platform (Fig. 4)................................................... 3 6 7 8 DATA ON MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS Specific Gravity, Crystallizing Point, Flash Point............................................... Viscosity Curves Phthalate Plasticizers (Fig. 5).................................................... Viscosity Curves Phthalyl Glycollate Plasticizers (Fig. 6)................................ Viscosity Curves Phosphate Plasticizers (Fig.7)................................................... 9 10 u 12 061<t99S TOWOLDMONOQ39074 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION )n general plasticizers present no great corrosion problem in their storage or handling. All of the standard materials of construction such as common steels, stainless steels, Monel and nickel c an be used without difficulty. Common steel is usually recommended for new units however, be cause of its lower cost. The other materials find use principally when existing equipment is converted from other services. STORAGE TANKS A Construction Figure 1 shows the construction of a typical steel storage tank. Tanks recommended are verti cal steel units of 15,000-23,000 gallon capacity. Other sizes commensurate with storage re quirements can be used, of course. The top is fitted with a 24 inch flanged manhole for in spection purposes, four 2 inch flanged nozzles and one 6 inch nozzle. One 2 inch nozzle is fitted with a 2 inch iron pipe goose-neck for vent purposes and another is used as a charging inlet. The other pair of 2.inch nozzles and the 6 inch one remain as spares. There is in addition a 2 inch flanged nozzle located at approximately one-half the height in the side sheet with a 2 inch pipe extending through it to the bottom for unloading purposes. The unit is heated when necessary by external steam coils. The coils consist of % inch to 1/j inch steel pipe installed in two sections. One section is made in approximately 18 inch spirals placed directly against the bottom. The other is wrapped on 18 inch centers over about the lower third of the unit. The coil area is then shielded and insulated as shown in Figure 1. Steam pressure on the coils should be of the order of 60--110 pounds. The tanks are equipped with a vertical ladder and guard, ascending adjacent to the outlet nozzle and a working platform with adequate guard rails is installed on the top of the unit (see Figure 4). Additional devices such as liquid level gauges and temperature regulators may be added where desirable. B. Preparation For Use Thorough initial cleaning of steel storage units is necessary. Sandblasting of the inside is usual ly the first step to assure clean and smooth surfaces. When this operation is completed, the sand is removed and the tank swabbed or mopped with the plasticizer to be stored. This should be done as promptly as possible after sandblasting to prevent re-rusting, particularly under condi tions of high humidity. After mopping, which removes most of the dirt, a few hundred pounds of the plasticizer is charged to the tank to conjplete the cleaning. By means of a pump, temporary filter and hose, the plasticizer is pumped from the tank through the filter and sprayed through the manhole down the walls of the tank. This is continued until all of the dirt is removed. Sandblasting may be omitted if the unit is essentially free of rust, although the other steps should be followed as given. PIPE LINES Recommended piping throughout the system is 2 inch flanged steel. Garlock No. 900 or similai material is suitable for gaskets. --2-- 061^96 TOWOLDMONOQ39075 Heating of the lines when necessary is accomplished by tracing with a 3/8 inch or lA inch paral leled steam line carrying 100 pound steam. Steel, plug type valves are used throughout the system. PUMPS AND FILTERS Self-priming, steel or bronze lined centrifugal pumps are recommended, though almost any pump can be used. The location and installation should be such that both the unloading of taok cars to storage and subsequent transfer of product from storage can be accomplished with the same pump. Valves should be located on both sides of the pump to provide shut-offs necessary during repairs or repacking of the pump. Asbestos type packings have proven satisfactory in most in stances. It is recommended that a cartridge type filter be installed on the suction side of the pump to re move extraneous matter and dirt. It is difficult to prevent contamination of the product by air borne particles or tank car rust. A filter as suggested is usually effective however, in removing such materials from the product. A diagrammatic piping arrangement is suggested in Figure 3. TANK CAR UNLOADING It is recommended that tank cars be unloaded by pumping out through a standpipe placed through the dome opening. This is preferred to bottom unloading because of the lesser possibility of product loss by leakage. Air pressure is not recommended for unloading because of the possi bility of car rupture or loss of product by pipe failure. Care should be exercised to prevent entry of moisture or other foreign matter into the car. The dome opening should be protected when the car is opened for sampling, final unloading or at any other time. The following unloading procedure is recommended; 1. Spot the car, set brakes and block the wheels. 2. Open car vent pipe and check to insure that there is no blockage of the line. 3. Provide a protective covering and then open the dome cover. 4. Place a 2 inch standpipe in the car and connect to the suctiofa side of the unloading pump. 5- Line up the valves to direct the product to the intended receiver and pump out contents of car. 6. When car is empty, stop the pump, close all valves necessary and disconnect and remove standpipe. In very cold weather it may be necessary to warm the car contents before unloading. In such instances (following step 3 above) steam of 30--100 pounds pressure is connected to the heating coils of the car. Steam is held on the coils until the contents are heated to 30C. The remainder of the above procedure is then followed. PREPARING EMPTY CAR FOR RETURN After the standpipe has been removed, close the dome cover and all other connections securely. If the heating coils were used, all steam condensate must be removed. To do this the coils are drained and then blown dry with compressed air. -3- TOWOLDMONOQ39076 L)o not permit water or other foreign matter to enter the car. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Handling of plasticizers generally presents no serious safety hazards. Plasticizers are in general of low toxicity and do not give off appreciable vapors at temperatures ordinarily encountered in handling. However, before entering a tank which has contained a plasticizer it is advisable to to blow clean compressed air into the unit for a few hours. Entry can then be made wearing an air helmet as an added precaution. Although flash points of plasticizers arq rather high, open flames should be kept away from and out of storage units or tank cars. If welding for example must be done in a unit, boil out with water containing about 1% caustic soda, flush out and reboil with clear water. Air out the unit as above and check the safety of the atmosphere within the unit with an explosion meter before proceeding with welding. Plasticizers splashed into the eyes may be somewhat irritating but no serious eye injuries have been reported. The standard FIRST AID treatment for such is immediate and copious washing with water for at least 5 -minutes. If discomfort persists, a physician should be consulted. If gotten on the skin, plasticizers should be washed off using soap and water. They should not of course, be taken internally. -4- Q6U996 TOWOLDMONOQ39077 PLAN AT TOP TOWOLDMONOQ39078 o-.si #14 Wire 4'-0" c.c. Figure 2 TYPICAL RUN OF STEAM TRACED PIPE -606 1 6000 TOWOLDMONOQ39079 TOWOLDMON0039080 Plan of Ladder G6iS0Q<l TOWOLDMONOQ39081 DATA ON MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS SPECIFIC GRAVITY - CRYSTALLIZING POINT - FLASH POINT Plasticizer Specific Gravity at 25 C. Crystallizing Point Flash Point Tricrcsyl Phosphate 1.162 _ Less than ( --35C.) 470F. (245C.) Dibutyl Phthalate 1.045 Less than (--35C.) 340F. (170C.) Diethyl Phthalate Dimethyl Phthalate 1.120 1.189 Less than (--0.3C.)fl* oc. 305F. (152C.) 300F. (149C.) Dioctyl Phthalate (DOP) 0.983 -55C. (Gel) ' 425F. (218C.) Santicizer* 140 1.208 Less than (--35C.) 450F. (232C..) Santicizer 141 1.090 -- 54C.(Pour Point) 435F. (224C.) Santicizer 160 1.116 Less than (--35C.) 390F.(199C.) Santicizer B-l6 1.097 Less than (--35C.) 390F. (199C.) Santicizer K-15 1.180 20C.<1) 386F. (197C.) Santicizer M-17 1.220 Less than (--35C.) 380F. (193C.) ^ Supercool* readily * Reg. U. S. P*t. Off. -9- U615C03 TOWOLDMONOQ39082 Figure 5 VISCOSITY CURVES PHTHALATE PLASTICIZERS TEMPEUTUK KIKES FUKIWEIT 06 150CH TOWOLDMONOQ39083 Figure 6 VISCOSITY CURVES PHTHALYL GLYCOLLATE PLASTICIZERS TEMPERATURE DEGREES FAHRENHEIT 061&00& TOWOLDMONOQ39084 Figure 7 VISCOSITY CURVES PHOSPHATE PLASTICIZERS TEMPERATURE DEGREES FAHRENHEIT HJ:WA--D--650, 650 0615006 Printed In U. A. TOWOLDMONOQ39085 Albarta Barkley Research Library St. Louis (L) (im / Monsanto Chemicals-Plastics ______V/i_____ For furthar information about tho Bulk Tank Storago of Plasticixors contact tho noarost Monsanto Offlco. MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY ST. LOUIS AKRON BIRMINGHAM BOSTON CHARLOTTE CHICAGO CINCINNATI CLEVELAND DETROIT HOUSTON LOS ANGELES NEW YORK PHILADEL PHIA PORTLAND (Or..) SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE TWIN CITIES MONSANTO CHEMICALS LTD. London MONSANTO CHEMICALS (AUSTRALIA) LTD. Melbourne MONSANTO (CANADA) LTD. Monlreal * Toronto ' Vancouver Representatives in the Principal Cities of the World C6150C7 TOWOLDMON0039086