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Asbestos - A Profile
I. II. Ill, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, ' XII,
TABLE OF CONTETTTS
INTRODUCTION MINERALOGY AND PHYSICAIVCHEMICAL PROPERTIES THE ASBESTOS INDUSTRY
Page No, 1 2 7
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS NON-OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS
15
16
ASBESTOS IN WATER & CONSUMER PRODUCTS ASBESTOS DUST CONTROL
17 18
SUMMARY OF 0. S, H, A, ASBESTOS STANDARDS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS ABOUT EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS ASBESTOS AT WILMINGTON WORKS CONCLUSIONS AND RECOffENDATIONS
21 23 27
35
APPENDIX - 1, List of industries surveyed for
ASBESTOS SUBSTITUTE
38
2, List of sources contacted for ASBESTOS SUBSTITUTE
3, References
AO A2
A. List of standard purchased gaskets NOT IN STOCK.
A3
5, Asbestos survey (shop input)
6. Asbestos O.S.H.A. Standard 1919,1001
58
6A
I. INTRODUCTION: Asbestos has been recorded in literature from the days of the Romans, but it was not mined and used in large quantities until the deposits in Canada were made available in 1878. Gradual increases in production and use occurred during the next 50 years, followed by accelerated use more recently. The report was initiated in August, 1978 with a survey of asbestos containing products used Wilmington Works. The purpose of this report is to answer questions such as - What is asbestos? Why is it a matter of concern? Where does the Wilmington Works stand in relation to the broader perspective and what should be done? Every effort was made to tap all possible information sources and the results have been compiled in this report. To understand the seriousness of the problem, it is essential to read the complete report. Some of the information included is very interesting and is contrary to general belief. It is useful not only at work, but in our day to day life.
1
II. MINERALOGY and physical/chemical properties
Asbestos is a generic term applied to thirty fibrous silicates minerals. There are two groups and six common varities.
GROUP Serpentine Amphiboles
VARIETY Chrysolite (White Asbestos)
CHEMICAL FORMULA Mg3 Si2 05 (oh)4
Crocidolite (Blue Asbestos) Amosite
^a2 ^e5 Sig ^22 (0*^2 (FeMg)6 Sig 022-(0H)2
Anthophyllite Tremolite Actinotile
(FeMg)? Sig 022 (OH)2 Ca2 .Mg^ Sig (022 0^)2 (CaMgFe)g Sig O29 (0H)9
Discussion of Properties: The important physical, chemical and mineralogical properties are included in the Table 1. The other important properties are as follows and are also briefly discussed.
1. Resistance to heat.
2. Resistance to acid and alkalis
3. Tensile strength
4. Thermal decomposition and thermal insulation.
5. Surface area
6. Filtration properties
7. Bond strength.
1. Resistance to heat: All forms of asbestos progressively breakdown to simpler components, such as pyroxenes and silica, when heated to temperatures in the range of 1100F to 1800F. It may be noted that asbestos fibers as such do not have.a melting point. It is the products of decomposition which melt.
2. Resistance to Acids and Alkalis: The reactivity of asbestos minerals towards acids and alkalis is fairly well known. Strong acids' rapidly decompose Chrysolite with removal of all Mgo and H2O content, amounting to about. 58% weight, but amphibole fibres show various degrees of resistance to reaction with acids. All varieties of asbestos will resist prolonged attack by strong alkalis, such as 5 ON NaOH, at lease up to 212F.
2
3. Tensile Strength: This is the most important and most commonly quoted, physical properties of asbestos fibres. There is however, considerable diversity in the published values of tensile strength of the various fibres. Under the influence of heat, the onset of detectable decomposition of asbestos fibres begin above 900F. However, between 400F and 900F, their tensile strength decreases. For example, for Chrysolite the percentage of original tensile strength at 600F is 92%, at 800F it is 73%, 1000F is 59% and 1200F is 32%. This property plays a significant role in the reinforcing effects of asbestos fibers in asbestos cement, reinforced plastics and similar products.
4. Thermal Decomposition and Thermal Insulation: All varieties of asbestos fibers break down progressively through a series of internal reactions which may begin as low as 400F. This does not mean their properties as heat insulators are diminished. -Whether compounded partially or wholey into heat insulating materials, asbestos fibers posses ablative properties in that the products of decomposition at a hot surface form a poorly conductive layer which provide protection to the succeeding layers of insulation. The insulating properties of asbestos depend much more on its fibrous nature and on the poor thermal conductivity of individual fibres than cn limitations arising from its thermal decomposition. There are some organic and inorganic materials which can be classified as better insulating agents heat (and electricity) than asbestos. However, asbestos posseses a combination of different properties which makes it particularly suitable for heat insulation. Asbestos-phenolic molded plastic insulators are used in rockets and missies where temperature ranges from 3000 to 20,000F are encountered for short durations such as seconds to minutes.
5. Surface Area and Surface Properties: While tensile strength is the most important intrinsic physical property of asbestos fibres, their surface area is the most important parameter in all their industrial applications. The ability of asbestos fibres to open or split into finer fibres through suitable treatment is one of their most valuable properties.
6. Filtration Properties: The surface per unit weight of asbestos is 10 tiroes as great as that of organic and inorganic fibers. Because of this characteristic filtering through asbestos makes it possible to retain much finer precipitates. The asbestos filters are used for wines, fruit juices, beers, pharmaceuticals, sugar, blood plasma and other liquids or gases. The conventional dust filters such as electrostatic precipitators, wet and dry filters show a high efficiency for separation of particle from 1 micron (1 millionth of an inch) and larger. They are ineffective in the range of .2 to .1 micron. Asbestos fibers play an important role in the range.
3
ASTM GRADE CLASSIFICATION FOR ASBESTOS:
GRADE Commercial Under-writers A AA AAA AAAA
% ASBESTOS BY WEIGHT 75 - 80 80 - 85 85 - 90
' 90 - 95 95 - 99 99 - 100
TEMP. LIMIT ( 400 450 550 600 750 900
F)
4
PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND HIHERALOCICAL PROPERTIES OF ASBESTOS
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III. THE ASBESTOS INDUSTRY
The Asbestos Inventory
In 1977, Che world wide asbestos industry rained and processed approximately 6 million tons of all kinds of asbestos. The breakdown is as follows:
Approximate Percentage
Iron Curtain Countries
45
Canada
34
South Africa
8
U. S. A.
2
Other Countries .
11
The U. S. Supply and Demand pattern is shown in Table 2. Chrysolite accounts for approximately 97% of all asbestos used in industry.
MINING & MILLING
U. S.:
The amount of mining in U. S. is small as compared to the rest of the world. The .mines in U. S. are in California, Vermont, Arizona and North Carolina (Yancy County).
CANADA:
Canada is the biggest supplier of asbestos in the free world.
SOUTH AFRICA:
Most of the amphibole asbestos e.g. amosite and crocidolite are mined in South Africa.
U. S. SUPPLY AND DEMAND PATTERN - 1976
WORLD MINE PRODUCTION
U. S. A.
Resc of World
TOTAL
X 1,000 TONS
115
4885 5000
U. S. SUPPLY PATTERN Domestic Imports
TOTAL
125 762 887
DISTRIBUTION OF U. S. SUPPLY
Industry Stock Dec. 31 Exports Industry Demands
TOTAL
115 47
725 887
U. S. DEMAND PATTERN
Floor Products Asbestos Cement Pipe Roofing Products Friction Products Asbestos Cement Sheets Packing & Gaskets______ Insulation Paper Products Textiles Others
Total...
113 140 253
64 23 20
9 31
7 65
725
% 2 98
14 86
13 5
82
16 19 35
9 3 3 1 4 1 9
MILLING PROCESS
The fiber extraction process is of four successive steps:
1. Ore Preoaration: Crushing, sizing, sorting and drying
2. Rock Lines:
Sequence of impact crushing, fiberizing and air-lifting of asbestos on shaking screens.
3. Fiber Lines:
Air lifted fiber from "rock lines" is dedusted in cyclones, fiberized, sized and cleaned (and mixed), ready for packaging
4. flust Treatment:
Further screening, pulverizing and sizing of all dust in the bagroom to recover salable short fibers.
9
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
Industrial Uses:
Asbestos has been a known health hazard for almost 36 years and yet, during the same period, the use of asbestos has risen at an accelerating rate. The basic reason is asbestos has astonish ing physical properties such as resistance to high temperature, resistance to acids and other chemicals, excellent absorbtion and filtration properties, flexible fibers with very high tensile strength, important surface properties and reinforcing quality
There are well.over 3000 recorded uses of asbestos, A summary of common industrial uses is given in Table 3.
Consumer Usase:
It is surprising to note how asbestos is an integral part of our present society. A review of asbestos use in consumer product was completed by the Consumer Product Safety Commission in April, 1978 - See Table 4.
10
COMMON INDUSTRIAL USES OF ASBESTOS -
TABLE 3
1. ASBESTOS-CEMENT MATERIALS
Flat sheets and wallboard, all thicknesses converted to 1/4 in. basis Slabs Corrugated sheets Pipes Corrugated tiles for roofs in industry, agriculture and dwellings Planks for platforms in buildings under construction Balcony canopies Rain gutters Interior walls Ventilating shafts Air conditioning assemblies Pressure piping (for underground drinking water distribution systems, fuel gas and sewage) Cooling towers (electricity-generating stations) Asbestos felts
Roofing-asphalt or tar saturated Other Other asbestos and asbestos-cement products, including millboard and pre fabricated housing components.
2. ASBESTOS SHINGLES AND CLAPBOARD
Siding shingles and clapboard, including accessories Roofing shingles
3. ASBESTOS FRICTION MATERIALS
Brake Linings Woven, containing asbestos yarn, tape .or cloth Molded, including all nonwoven types
Clutch Facing Woven, containing asbestos yarn, tape or cloth
4. ASBESTOS TEXTILES
Yarn, cord and thread Cloth Other asbestos textiles, etc.
including roving,
lap, wick,
rope,
tape,
carded fibers,
5. GASKETS AND INSULATION
Gaskets, all types Gaskets(for sealing nonmoving parts)
Asbestos, asbestos-metallic and asbestos-rubber Packing(except leather, rubber and metal) and asbestos insulations
Asbestos compressed sheet Packing (for sealing moving parts)
Asbestos, asbestos-metallic end asbestos-rubber) Insulation materials containing asbestos pipe insulation(cellular and laminated)
85% magnesia Diatomaceous silica, calcium silicate, expanded silica and asbestos fiber Other block insulation, including cellular and laminated All other asbestos insulation
11
TABLE 5 cont'd
ASBESTOS BOARDS AND PAPERS
Boards Filtering and clarifyingCoverings, coatings, casings and jacketings for all kinds of surfaces Manufacturing of welders' and melters' shields Slidevavs in the glass industry Handles and fire doors Auto parts Safes Protective walls Curtains, etc.
Sheets Inner/outer linings of furnaces and heating vessels, drying ovens, incubators, heaters, climate-controlled spaces, etc.
Plates Insulating buildings against vibrations(aluminum-asbestos) Solar-heat reflecting surfaces (70% of solar heat)
Special Asbestos Papers Filters
ASBESTOS PLASTICS
Flooring tiles (asbestos-asphalt tiles.and increasingly, asbestos-polymers of vinyl) Pressed or molded (thermal insulation and in electrical machinery) Resinated asbestos felt(Manufacturing of wings and firing of missies and expansion cones for nozzles of boost motors). Other uses in aircraft industry:
Nozzles for motor tubes, missile tailpipes and missile-heat barriers, fuselages for guided missiles, fuel tanks for fighter bombers, cabin floors, etc.
ASBESTOS ACID-RESISTANT COMPOSITIONS
Used mostly in chemical industry
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J 14
IV. OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS
The exposure levels of some of the common manufacturing industries are discussed. The basic purpose is to present comparative data.
MINING & HILLING:
Average of asbestos fiber exposures (daily weighted average range from .04 to 24.8 f/ral (greater than 5 micron in length). This is one of the most difficult areas of dust control.
ASBESTOS-CEMENT PRODUCTION: High dust exposure during mixing operation. Per a surve% by NIOSH, it was shown that the highest means of 6.3 f/ml was obtained in mixing and the lowest mean of 0.5 f/ml in miscellaneou operation.-
INSULATION AND CONTRUCTION INDUSTRIES: Spraying of asbestos insulation and removal of old lagging materials, commonly in confined spaces may produce high dust concentration. Very high fiber concentration has been found in Naval dock yards. In insulation plants the highest means of 74.4 F/CC was obtained in mixing and the lowest mean of 16.6 F/CC in miscellaneous operations. A concen tration of 66.0 f/cc was obtained from an area sample taken 20 feet from the nozzle during spraying operation. Dust concen tration in Naval dock yards during removal of blue sprayed asbestos varied from 112-1906 and the bagging of asbestos debris ranged from 106 - 3,815.
FRICTION MATERIALS; Per a survey by NIOSH of plants manufacturing brake linings and clutch faces, the highest mean of 14.4 f/cc in a cutting and drilling operation and the lowest of 2.2 f/cc in miscell aneous operations.
SERVICING OF BRAKE SHOES: Per a study by NIOSH average peak asbestos air concen tration during the blow out operation of the drum brake was 10.5 f/cc x^ithin 10 feet of the operator.
FLOOR TILE INSTALLATION: Per a study dust concentration during sanding operation prior to installation of new floor coverings was 1.3 f/cc.
TEXTILE PRODUCTS:
In a British textile factory, based on a static sampler, yearly mean dust levels (f/ml) ranged from 8 for carding operation to .5 for weaving operation.
MACHINING PROCESS USING INSULATION BOARD
OPERATION
f/ml
Drilling Vertical Structures Sanding and surforming Scribing and breaking Hand sawing Machine sawing without effective local exhaust ventilation:
Jig Saw Circular Saw
2-5 6-20. 1-5 5-12
5-20 20 upwards
Unloading deliveries of board, short term sampling - Cut pieces
Standard sizes
IS
5-15 1-5
v. NON OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS
Asbestos is wide spread in the environment because of its extensive use in industry and the home. Because of this wide usage, it may be difficult at times to determine if a disease arising from asbestos is occupational in origin. For example, the air of some relatively new apartment buildings has been found to contain more asbestos fibers than the maximum recommended levels in industry. The source of the fiber is the insulating material used in the ventilating system. A recent study of street dust in Washington D. C. showed approximately 50,000 fibers per gram, much of which appear to come from brake linings. Autopsies of New York City residents with no known occupational exposure, showed 24 of 28 lung samples to contain asbestos fibers, perhaps resulting from asbestos from brake linings and the flaking of sprayed asbestos insulation material.
Some of the sources for non-occupational exposures are discussed below:
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE DUE TO MINING
AS3EST0S EXPOSURES IN HOUSES, OFFICES AND OTHER BUILDINGS
There is minimal dust exposure from materials incorporating asbestos (e.g. wallboard, ceiling tiles, etc.) in the house, office or other buildings. However, sprayed acoustic and thermal insulation, if not properly sealed, can become friable and constitute a potential long term health hazard, especially if the asbestos covered surface is present in the air supply system of the occupied buildings. Some studies have shown the range of concentrations varying from .26 - 11.89 f/cc. Asbestos was used in spray insulation in buildings between 1950 and 1972. One report states that half of the new (1958 to 1970) office buildings in U. S. were fire proofed with asbestos material. It was also shown that significant fiber counts have only been found where directly visible damaged to the sprayed material was evident.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION FROM BRAKE SHOES
COMMUNITY EXPOSURE FROM ASBESTOS ASPHALT PAVEMENTS
Asbestos is added to asphalt (2 and 3% by weight) to obtain an improved pavement overlay with increased cohesion and abrasion resistance. This type of paving has been applied extensively in California, where it is estimated that more than 20% of the population resides in proximity to asbestosasphalt paving. The procedure is becoming increasingly popular elsewhere, especially on turnpikes. The asbestos in asphalt is never completely locked in and it is suspected that due to increased vehicular activity, some fibers may be separated and are likely to be airborne in due course.
EXPOSURE FROM WASTE DISPOSAL
16
VI. ASBESTOS IN WATER AND BEVERAGES
The recent discovery of submicron asbestos fibers in beer, wine and drinking water has resulted in public concern that a health hazard exists. It is also suspected that the gastrointestinal (GI) tract receives most of the inhaled and subsequently ingested fibers that may cause GI cancer.
One of the most well known examples of water pollution is in Duluth, Minnesota.
In the past 20 years, the Reserve Mining Company has_dumped approximately
200 million tons of tactonite tailings into Lake Michigan? Asbestiform
fibers in the drinking water of Duluth is at a 'level of 12 million fibers
per litre.
2 r:'c
Asbestos fibers in beverages has been attributed to the asbestos filters used by the industry. As per one study, the samples showed the following levels:
Millions of Fibers per Litre
Beer -
2.0
Italian Vermooth
11.7
Ginger Ale
12.2
17
VII. ASBESTOS DUST CONTROL Asbestos dust arising from the various process outlined earlier must obviously be controlled to the greatest extent possible. Local ventilation and control of the air around dust creating operations is the most widely used of all control operations. It is however, an expensive process and not always totally effective or practical. Control by nonventilation processes are often cheaper and more effective in places where they can be used. I. Non-ventilation control processes II. Ventilation I. NON VENTILATION CONTROL PROCESSES 1* Substitution: The asbestos dust problem would be solved if safe and acceptable substitutes could be found. However, it is not always possible to find effective substitutes. An industry survey was made to find substitutes for materials used at Wilmington Works. The results were compiled in a separate report. The list of industries surveyed is included in Appendix I. To find suitable substitutes the following sources were contacted: a. Editors of various trade journals b. Editors of various trade journals c. In-house B & W personnel. Appendix II includes a list of these sources. Table 5 describes some of the common asbestos substitutes. To find specific substitutes is beyond the scope o? work of the Pacilities Engineering Department. However, an effort was made to locate the possible'substitutes. The information compiled during the industry survey will be forwarded to Design Engineer ing.
18
2. Treatment; a) Locked in asbestos products, such as rubberized sheets, plasticized or aluminized cloths, reduced to a great extent and in some cases, virtually eliminate the dust hazard. b) Wet brushed or resin treatment minimizes fiber release during handling operations.
3. Wetting: Wet processing, considerably reduces the possibility of dust creation.
4. Avoid High Speed Machining: Millboard should be cut with a sharp knife instead of -a saw. Asbestos textiles should be mechanically cut, clicked or sheared to avoid tearing.
5. Bagging: Proper bagging or packaging techniques minimize dust production during handling.
II. VENTILATION: The basic control method for asbestos dust is ventilation. Local ventilation is more effective and cheaper, is preferred dilution ventilation whenever possible.
19
ASBESTOS SUBSTITUTES
TABLE 5
ASBESTOS CONTAINING MATERIAL Board & Sheet
Rope
Cloth, tape, string Yarn, etc.
ASBESTOS FREE ALTERNATIVES .
COMMENTS
Ceramic fiberboard & sheet
Higher ceiling temperature, 2300F than asb. material, expensive.
1. Glas fiber rope 2. Ceramic fiber rope 3. Silica fiber rope 4. Ceramic fiber felt
strip
1. Ceiling temperature 932F 2. Ceiling temp. 2300F expensive 3. Ceiling temp. 1800F very expen. 4. Maybe cheaper alternative to
ceramic rope in some cases.
1. Glass fiber fabrics 1. Ceiling temperatures up to 932F
& Yarn
depending on type of glass, some
cloths may be difficult to handL
2. Ceramic fiber & Yarn 2. Ceiling temp. 2300F, expensive
3. Silica Fiber & Yarn 3. Ceiling temp. 1800F. very expen
20
VIII.
SUMMARY OF OSHA ASBESTOS STANDARDS The standard is divided into eight major sections.
1. 1910 . 1001 (b) - PERMISSABLE EXPOSURE LIMITS
Sets maximum allowable asbestos fiber concentration in the work place air.
2. 1910 . 1001 Cc) - METHODS OF COMPLIANCE
Recommends procedures to meet permissable exposure limits.
3- 1910 . 1001 (d) - PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Specifies types of personal protective equipment and defines circumstances under which they are required.
4. 1910 . 1001 (e) - METHOD OF MEASUREMENT
1910 . 1001 (f) ~ MONITORING
Specifies monitoring procedures to determine if work places meet permissable exposure limits.
5.. 1910 . 1001 (g) - CAUTION SIGNS AND LABELS
States when caution signs and labels are required and wording to be used.
6. 1910 1001 (h) - HOUSEKEEPING
Specifies results to be obtained from housekeeping and methods of waste disposal.
7. 1910 .1001 (i) ~ RECORD KEEPING
Specified type and duration of monitoring record keeping. States requirements for employee notification of monitoring results if exposure is in excess of permissible exposure limits and of corrective action being taken.
8. 1910 1001 (i) - MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS
Details requirement of medical examinations and duration of medical record keeping.
SPECIFIC COMMENT
o "Asbestos fiber" means asbestos fiber longer than 5 micrometers.
The OSHA standard maximum permissable exposure limits of asbestos fibers in the work place are:
a. 8-hour time weighed average: 2 fibers longer than 5 micrometers per cubic centimeter
SUMMARY OF OSHA ASBESTOS STANDARDS SPECIFIC COMMENT - cont'd
b. Ceiling Concentration: 10 fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter.
22
IX. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS
1. Who may be at risk of developing asbestos-related diseases?
Workers in many occupations, particularly in asbestos mining and processing, shipyards, construction, and workers in automotive brake lining repair commonly are exposed to asbestos, and may inhale or perhaps swallow dusts contaminated with concentrations of this substance.
Risks of disease due to asbestos exposures have not been defined clearly for all occupational groups known to have significant exposure. Firm scientific data is available only for heavily exposed workers employed in asbestos mining, manufacturing and insulation. Over the past several years, evidence has accumulated that asbestos insulation workers previously employed in shipyards and elsewhere are experiencing asbestosis, a progressive and disabling lung disease, and asbestos'-insulation materials used in shipyards also have increased asbestos related disease.
There is evidence that the problem may be more widespread than previously believed. Workers from a variety of trades who have been employed in shipyards, presumably in or near areas contaminated by asbestos dust, are now beginning to show signs of X~ray abnormalities in the lungs typical of asbestos exposure. These include painters, electricians, carpenters, machinists, boilermakers, and welders who may not realize they were exposed.
Large numbers of persons worked around asbestos in shipyards during and since World War II. During the peak war years, 1940-1944, an estimated 4.5 million persons worked in shipyards in the United States, and even those not directly exposed to asbestos dust may have a higher risk of asbestos-related disease. In the last 15 years, the number of shipyard workers has stabilized to an annual workforce of approximately 200,000. Because of the high turnover in jobs during the war and afterward, no one really knows how many people experienced significant asbestos exposure in their work in the shipyards.
The total number of workers exposed to asbestos since the beginning of World War II, including shipyard workers is estimated between eight and eleven million.
2. What diseases may be caused bv asbestos?
Asbestos can cause asbestosis and certain forms of cancer. Amont some groups of workers who were heavily exposed to asbestos, as much as 20-25 percent of all deaths are due to lung cancer. This rate is much higher than would be expected from the effects of cigarette smoking alone. In the general adult population, about 4-5 percent of all deaths are due to lung cancer. In addition, asbestos workers are an increased risk of mesothelioma, an otherwise uncommon type of cancer not associated with smoking and rarely observed in the general population. Above-average rates of cancers of the digestive system (esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum) have been found in groups of asbestos workers. Cancers of a number of other body sites also are thought to be associated with occu pational exposure to asbestos, but these are less common.
23
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS
3. What is the role of cigarette smoking?
Asbestos and cigarette smoking together produce more lung cancer than either factor acting alone. For example, investigators at the Mt. Sinai School of Medicine in New York City, together with epidemiologists at the American Cancer Society, have found that asbestos workers who smoke have a risk of lung cancer 8 times the risk of smokers in the general population. Cigarette smoking also increases the risk of other types of cancer and disabling lung diseases (emphysema, bronchitis).
Some information suggests that quitting smoking can reduce this extremely high risk in asbestos workers.
Although nonsmoking asbestos workers have more lung cancer than nonsmokers in general, their risk is not as high as workers who smoke. They do not experience the extremely high risk of lung cancer of asbestos workers who smoke. However, they still are at increased risk of other asbestos-induced disease, including asbestosis, mesothelioma and gastrointestinal cancers.
4. How does asbestos cause disease?
The answer is not known. Asbestos fibers too fine to be seen by the human eye become airborne during various industrial processes and are inhaled and subsequently may be swallowed. Scientists believe the most harmful fibers are so fine that an electron microscope is needed to see them. Because of their size and shape, asbestos fibers can penetrate body tissues. Because of their durability, they remain in the body for many years after entry.
5. How much asbestos exposure is hazardous?
The answer is not known. In the case of asbestosis and lung cancer, the risk increases with increasing amount of exposure. Asbestos induced disease is not likely to appear until 15 to 35 or more years after first exposure. The time between first exposure and the appearance of disease appears related both to the amount and duration of exposure: more inteiise exposure sometimes results in asbestos-related disease within 15 years. However, one study of workers in an asbestos plant showed that some workers who were exposed only a month or two have developed asbestos-related diseases many years later.
Typically, the first 10 to 15 years after initial exposure are free of signs or symptoms. Early X-ray changes may appear in lung tissue after 10 to 15 years, but may not be accompanied by other significant symptoms. Some investi gators have reported evidence of impaired lung function in workers with less than 10 years of exposure to asbestos.
24
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS
I 6. What are the signs and symptoms of asbestosis?
Asbestosis is a chronic lung disease whose signs and symptoms result from permanent changes in lung tissue due to asbestos exposure. The earliest and most prominent sign is shortness of breath or exertion.
It rarely becomes apparent until at least a decade after first exposure. The disease process usually has to be rather advanced to produce shortness of breath, however.
A dry, crackling sound (rales), coming from the lungs during inhalation, is the most characteristic physical sign of asbestosis. Clubbing of the fingers is sometimes found, usually late in the disease. A bluish discolor ation of the" skin and the lining of the mouth and of the tongue also may occur in the later stages of the disease. A physical exam with X-rays will show diffuse scarring of the lungs as asbestosis develops, and lung function tests will show impairment of the maximum volume of air a worker can inhale.
7. Does asbestosis lead to lung cancer?
Scientists do not believe asbestosis necessarily leads to lung cancer, but the presence of this disease does indicate that a worker received considerable asbestos exposure and has a greater' risk of developing asbestos-associated cancers than an unexposed person.
J Both types of disease can be caused by the same environmental agent, and the development of each may be independent of the other.
8. What is mesothelioma?
Mesothelioma is an extremely rare cancer in the general population, but is more common among asbestos workers. It affects the pleura, a membrane lining in the chest cavity, or the peritoneum, a similar membrane lining in the abdominal cavity. A large proportion of mesothelioma cases can be traced to prior asbestos exposure.
Only 120 cases of mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum were reported in the National Cancer Institute's Third National Cancer Survey of 1969-71, compared to 24,049 cases of lung cancer. The nine areas surveyed represented approximately 10 percent of the United States population. There is some indication from recent scientific reports that mesothelioma is becoming a more common diagnosis.
9. What can be done to treat diseases that may be associated with asbestos?
] Asbestosis: Most deaths from asbestosis are due to superimposed respiratory
infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis, rather than to direct effects of the disease itself. These infections usually can be treated, but it is important to get medical attention early.
j 25
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS Lung and Esophageal Cancer: Treatment of these cancers depends on the type and amount of tissue affected. Lung cancer may be treated by surgery, drugs, radiation, or combinations of these treatments. Esophageal cancer is treated most often with radiation. As with most cancers, the treatment must be tailored to the individual patient. Cancer of the Colon and Rectum: Surgery is curative in many cases and early diagnosis increases the likelihood of cure. Methods are available to improve the frequency of early diagnosis. Mesothelioma of the Pleura or Peritoneum: Effective treatment is not yet available. Research is underway in the United States, Great Britain, and France to improve the treatment. Cancer of the Stomach: Detection has been improved by development of the flex ible gastroscope and gastric camera. Treatment is usually by surgery. New treatment regimens using drugs are improving the outlook for patients with this cancer. Cancers of the Kidnev, Larynx, and Oropharynx: Physician awareness of the possibility of occurrence improves chances for early diagnosis. These cancers often can be treated effectively by surgery and/or radiation therapy.
26
X. ASBESTOS -AT WILMINGTON WORKS
The asbestos at Wilmington Works is divided in the following categories:
1. Stock items: Discussed in the Table #6.
2.
Standard Gaskets: Purchased forcontract only.
SeeAppendix A.
3.
Special gaskets manufactured perdrawing atWilmington
Works. No
list was developed.
A. Special gasket manufactured per drawing purchased from outside vendors. No list was developed.
5. Asbestos product used by M & C.
6. Asbestos gloves
OTHER INFORMATION INCLUDED IS:
1. Drawing numbers of asbestos containing product (stock items). See Table 6
2. Asbestos survey (shop input) See Appendix 5.
27
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DRAWING NUMBERS OF AS8EST0S CONTAINING PRODUCTS (STOCK ITEMS)
Table /
DESCRIPTION
ID OR WD OD. LG. THICK
FOLIO
9 GSKT AMB
42 in.
9 GSKT AMB
42 in.
GSKT AMB
42 in.
GSKT HH STL ASB
GSKT HH SPIRAL WOUND TP304 ASB
* GSKT HH SPIRAL WOUND TP 30 4 ASB
GSKT HH STL ASB
GSKT HH SJ MON ASB
B GSKT HH STL ASB
GSKT HH SPIRAL WOUND TP316L ASB
* GSKT HH STL ASB
GSKT HH STL ASB
% GSKT HH STL ASB GSKT HH STL ASB
* GSKT AMB SILD
13 1/2"
48 in. 48 in. 48 in.
1/4 in.
1/8 in. 1/4 in. 1/2 in.
13 1/2"
512118 512120 512122 526026 526034 526038 526047 526066 526069 526073 526107 526126 526147 526168 526170
% GSKT CPRS ASB \ GSKT CPRS ASB
9 GSKT CPRS ASB s GSKT CPRS ASB
\ GSKT CPRS ASB % GSKT CPRS ASB
GSKT CPRS ASB GSKT CPRS ASB * GSKT CPRS ASB 9 GSKT CPRS ASB
GSKT CPRS ASB
1 1/2" 2 in. 2 in. 2 3/8" 3 in. 1 1/2" 3 3/8" 2 in. 2 1/2" 3 in. 4 in.
NA
2 in.
1/16"
2 5/8" 1/16"
2 13/32" 1/16"
3 in.
1/16"
3 7/16 1/16"
3 3/4" 1/32"
4 in.
1/16"
4 3/8" 1/32"
5 1/8" 1/32"
5 7/8" ' 1/32"
7 in.
1/32"
526175 526182 526184 526186 526188 526190 526197 526198 526203 526209 526213 526221
GSKT CPRS ASB
5 17/32" 8 3/4" 1/32"
526227
i GSKT CPRS ASB * GSKT CPRS ASB
* GSKT CPRS ASB
GSKT COP ASB
GSKT ASB WI
GSKT ASB WI 4 GSKT ASB WI * GSKT COP ASB % GSKT CPRS ASB % GSKT ASB WI GSKT ASB WI A GSKT AMB SILD
GSKT ASB WI 4 GSKT ASB WI * GSKT ASB WI
GSKT MH ASB WI
6 in. 1/4 in. 7 in. 45/64" 26 in. 18 in. 15 3/4" 25 in. 4 5/8" 4 1/2" 6 1/2" 6 1/4" 6 5/8" 6 in. 3 3/4" 12 in.
9 7/8" 1/32"
526229
3/4 in. 1/8 in. 526263
1/16"
7 in.
526230
1 11/64" 3/32" NA 526276
1/8 in. 39 in. 526286
1/8 in. 20 1/2" 526287
1/8 in. 19 3/4" 526291
26 3/4" 1/16"
526294
5 1/8" 1/8 in. 526349
5 1/2" 1/8 in. 526355
7 5/8" 1/16"
526356
1/4 in. 6 3/4" 526359
8 3/4" 1/8"
526360
8 1/2" 1/8"
526361
(POKE HOLE)
526370
16 in.
526377
> GSKT ME SPIRAL WOUND TP304 ASB GSKT MH SPIRAL WOUND TP304 ASB
526379 526380
NA 526390
NA 526395
GSKT CPRS ASB
60 in..
1/32"
63 in. 526525
LF GSKT CPRS ASB
1/14"
1/16"
526536
GSKT ASB WI
1/16"
526537
GSKT CPRS ASB
60 in.
63 in. 1/16"
526541
GSKT ASB WI
48 in.
1/8 in. 526582
GSKT CPRS ASB
60 in.
63 in. 1/8 in. 526586
GSKT ARMCO
2 1/8"
4 3/8" 1/32"
526241
H GSKT ARMCO GSKT ARMCO
2 7/8" 3 3/8"
3 21/32" 1/32" 4 5/8" 1/32"
526245 526247
DWG
NONE NONE NONE 5293C 5292C 5292C 5293C SS141001 5293C MS228340 5294C 5294C 5294C 5294C 29212A
12237A 12237A C300429 77863A 77863A 77863A 77863A 77863A 77863A 77863A 77863A 12039A 77863A 24865C 93175A 35519A 65626D
.
69112A 62126A 12237A 49069A 762993 51908C 77865A 104869D 18008A D104944 D104944 D104944
NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE 77866A 77866A 77866A
DRAWING NUMBERS OF ASBESTOS CONTAINING PRODUCTS (STOCK ITEMS)
Table 7 conc'd
DESCRIPTION
ID OR WD OD. LG. THICK
FOLIO
LF PKG RND ASB BRD JM702 LF PKG RND ASB TW GAR117 LF PKG RND ASB TW JM1000 LF PKG SQ. ASB BRD GAR234 LF PKG RND ASB BRD MS15308 LF PKG SQ. ASB BRD JM C13 LF PKG SQ. ASB BRD GAR234 LF PKG RND ASB TW JM1000 LF PKG SQ ASB BRD GAR234 LF PKG SQ ASB BRD JM787 LF PKG SQ ASB BRD MTLC LF PKG RND ASB BRD MS15308 LF PKG RND ASB TW JM1000 LF PKG RND ASB TW JMlOOO LF PKG SQ ASB BRD JMCTI LF PKG STRIP FABRIC LF PKG TAPE ASB WN JM122 LF PKG TAPE ASB WI JM121 LF PKG STRIP FABRIC LF PKG TAPE ASB WN JM122 LF PKG TAPE ASB WN JM122AAA PKG RING JM398 PKG RING JM398 PKG RING JM398 PKG RING JM398 PKG RING JM398 PKG RING BRD LF PKG RND ASB. TW GSKT. COP AS3. GSKT CPRS ASB. PKG TAPE AS3 WN JM 122AAA
GSKT HH SPRL WND TP316L ASB
GSKT GAR 7021 GSKT GAR 7021 GSKT CPRS ASB PKG RING RAJAH GSKT GAR 7021 GSKT GAR 7021 GSKT COP SJ GSKT COP SJ PKG RING GAR 234
PKG RING JC C06 PKG RING JC CO6 PKG RING JC C06 PKG RND ASB 3RD MS 1530B
1/8 in. 3/16" 1/4 in. 1/4 in 3/8 in. 3/8 in. 3/8 in. 1/2 in. . 1/2 in. 1/2 in. 1/2 in. 5/8 in. 5/8 in. 3/4 in. 5/8 in.
1 in. 1 in. 2 in. 2 1/2" 4 in. 2 in.1 3/4" 1 15/16" 1 1/8" 1 1/4" 7/8 in. 3 13/16" 3/8 in. 25 in. 2" 3"
1 3/4 1 3/4 4 1/2 2 9/16 1 3/4 13/16 3 5/16 4 7/16 2 3/8
1 1/2 1 3/4 2 7/8 1/2
1/4 in.
3/8 in. 3/8 in.
1/2 in. 1/2 in. 1/2 in.
5/8 in.
1/8 in.
1/8 in.
1/16"
1/8 in.
1/8 in.
1/8 in.
2 1/4" 1/4 in.
2 11/16 " 3/8 in.
1 7/8" 3/8 in.
2 in.
3/8 in.
1 5/8" 3/8 in.
5 13/16 " 1/2 in.
26 3/4 in. 1/16" 4 1/8" 1/8" 1/8"
1/8 1/8 7 1/8 3 9/16 1/16 1 1/8 4 6 3/8 3 1/8
1 7/8 2 1/8 3 1/4
1/16 1/2
3/32 1/16 1/16 3/8
3/16 ' 3/16 3/16
526425 526431 426439 526443 526449 526456 526457 526465 526469 526471 526473 526480 526482 526490 526494 526553 526558 526572 526570 526574 526575 526601 526602 526605 526606 526609 526616 526453 526328 526187 526577 526234 526074 526607 526005 526008 526231 526622 526015 526019 526330 526353 526614 354228 526634 526635 526636 526463
DWG (GRAPHITED)
(MICALUB)
SS235203
85869A 77863A 44466A 64758A 30560A 77863A JM2 116997A 91804A MS222737 49080A 201319A 116204A 116204A 116204A
THESE ITEMS ARE PRESENTLY STOCKED
DRAWING NUMBERS OF ASBESTOS CONTAINING PRODUCTS (STOCK ITEMS)
5292C 5293C 5294C 12039A 12237A 18008A 201319A 24ET65C 29212A 30560A 35519A 49060A 49080A 44466A 51908C 62126A 64758A 65626D
69112A 76299B 77863A 77865A 77866A 85869A 91804A 93175A 104869D 116204A 116997A C300429 D104944 MS 222737 MS 228340 SS 141001 SS 233203
Table 7 cont'd
34
XI. CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusions: 1.
Asbestos dust is a serious health hazard and should be treated as such.
2. Control dust from asbestos millboard should be the top priority.
3. Control of dust from untreated ropes, tapes and packing should be the next priority.
4. Substitution of asbestos products should be our on-going policy.
5.. The total annual inventory cost for asbestos containing items is approximately $15,000. The cost of untreated items presently in the storeroom is approximately $2600.
Recommendations:
Implemented Items:
1. Dispose of the homemade food heating ovens throughout the shop with 'asbestos millboard insulation.
2. A non-asbestos substitute glove has been satisfactory tested and will be used as a replacement for asbestos gloves in 1379.
3. The use of asbestos coated weld rods has been discontinued.
Tod Priority Items:
4. Asbestos Millboard': The AMB should be replaced with a sub stitute product immediately. A few potential substitute products have been located and will be evaluated by the Design Engineering. The other alternative is to purchase precut and treated AMB gaskets. Design Engineering has issued a letter to this effect to Graphics. If we continue to saw and machine AMB in our shops, we must install ventilation equipment and take measures to comply with the applicable 0SHA standards. In the absence of ventilation, sawing should not be allowed. The AMB should be wetted and a sharp knife used for cutting to minimize dust generation.
5. Ropes & Packing: Find substitutes for asbestos ropes and packings.
6. Untreated asbestos product in stock: The untreated asbestos product in the stock room such as ropes, tapes and packing should be disposed of.
35
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS cont'd...
Control of Dust (Material)
7. All asbestos type gaskets and packing material for stock or. contract must be "wet brushed or resin treated". These in structions were issued on June 21, 1976. Steps should be taken that they are strictly followed.
8. .Locked in fibers: A number of asbestos fabrics with locked in fibers are available on the market. These items should be evaluated and used whenever possible.
Control of Dust (process)
9. The asbestos containing product should be wetted whenever possible before machining.
10. Asbestos textiles should be mechanically cut, clicked or sheared to avoid tearing or fraying. Use of sharp knife instead of sawing.
11. Precut gaskets
12. Bagging to minimize dust generation by handling.
13. Housekeeping and wast disposal.
M 6 C Related Items
14. . Brake lining repairs.
15. Cement and grout should be asbestos free.
16. Asbestos floor tile replacement. Proper precautions should be taken.
17. Substitutes are available for most of the asbestos containing products used by M & C. Every effort should be made to use these.
Other:
18. Substitute Gaskets: We should be on the look-out for the new non-asbestos textiles coming on the market. At least two vendors have expressed interests in substitute gaskets, however, they need specific application information.
19. Isolate storage area for asbestos products.
20. Designate special work areas for cutting of asbestos products.
21. New Constructions - Efforts should be made so as not to use asbestos containing products with health hazard.
36
XII, APPENDIX
1, List of industries surveyed for asbestos substitute 2, List of sources contacted for asbestos substitute 3, References A, List of standard purchased gaskets not in stock 5, Asbestos survey (shop input) 6, Asbestos O.S.H.A, Standard 1910 , 1001
J 37
APPENDIX 1
list of industries surveyed for asbestos substitutes
MILLBOARD: 1. Eaglepitcher Industries, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 2. Refractory Products Company, Carpentersville, Illinois 60110 3. Cem-Fil Corporation, Nashville, Tennessee 37210 4. Pars Manufacturing Company, Ambler, Pennsylvania 19002 5. Johns - Manville 6. Babcock & Wilcox
TEXTILES 1. Brenton Industries, Amsterdam,' New York 12010 2. Chicago Contractors Supply, Inc., Chicago, 111. 60612 3. Haveg Industries, Inc., Wilmington Del. 19808 4. HITCO, Gardenia, California 90249 5. J. ?. Stevens & Company, New York, New York 10036 6. W. S. Libbey Co., Lewiston, Maine 04240 7. Garlock, Inc., Birmingham, Ala. 35209 8. Newtex Industries, Victor, New York 14564 9. R. M. Industrial Products Co, North Charleston, S. C. 29406
10. Southern Textile Corporation, Charlotte, N. C. 28232 11. Carborandum Co, Niagara Falls, New York 14302
ROPE, PACKINGS, SEALS, GASKETS 1. Garlock, Inc. Birmingham, Ala. 35209 2. Pars Manufacturing Company, Ambler, Pennsylvania, 19002 3. Brenton Industries, Inc., Amsterdam, New York 12010. 4. A. W. Chesterton Company, Stoneham, Mass. 02180
38
ROPE, PACKINGS, SEALS, GASKETS cont'd 5. Flexitallic Gasket Company, Camden, New Jersey 08101 6. John Manville, Houston, Texas 77008 7. Phoenix Gasket & Packing Mfg. Co., Garwood, N. J. 07027 8. W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., Elkton, Maryland 21921
GLOVES 1. Steel Grip Safety Apparel Company, Danville, Illinois 61S32 2. 3-M, St. Paul, Minn. 55101 3. Newtex Industries, Victor, New York 4. Pars Manufacturing Company, Ambler, Penna. 19002 5. A-Best Products, Cleveland, Ohio 44111
LIST OF INDUSTRIES WHICH ARE INTERESTED IN ACTIVELY PURSUING ASBESTOS SUBSTITUTE GASKETS
1. Brenton Industries, Amsterdam, New York, 12010 2. Pars Manufacturing Company, Ambler, Pennsylvania 19002 3. Akron Gasket 4. Flexitallic Gasket Co., Inc. (spiral wound gaskets only)
Camden, New Jersey 08101
APPENDIX 2 LIST OF SOURCES CONTACTED FOR ASBESTOS SUBSTITUTES REGULATORY AND GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES
1. NIOSH, Atlanta, Georgia 30323 2. U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, D. C. 20207 3. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C. 20241 4. U. S. EPA, Washington, D. C. 5. 1). S. EPA, Atlanta, Georgia 30308 6. U. S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27711 7. Amer. Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Lansing Mich. 48901 8. Department of Health, Education & Welfare, Atlanta, Ga. 30323 9. Office of Toxic Substances, Washington, D. C. INDUSTRIAL JOURNALS 1. Power Engineering, Barrington, Illinois 60010 2. Power, New York, New York 10020 3. Plant Engineering, Barrington, Illinois 60010 4. M/C Design, Cleveland, Ohio 44114 INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES 1. A. B. M. A. - Arlington, Virginia 22209 2. A. S. M. E. - New York, New York 10017 3. A. S. T. M. - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103
40
APPENDIX 2 cont'd IN-HOUSE SOURCES
Grouo:
FPGD: I&M:
B & W Refractory: Wilmington:
1. 0. J. Fisher 2. S. E- Singleton 3. M. L. Ruthrauff
4. H. H. Jenson
5. W. E. Livesay
6. F. W. McCollum
7. Neil Hooker
8. W. E. Longfield
9. R. E. Lawrence 10. P. B. King 11. Joe Baumgartner
12. Larry Long
13. Larry Johnson 14. J. B. Stokley 15. J. R. Kutrow 16. W. B. Norton
41
APPENDIX 3
REFERENCES: 1. Rajhans, G. S., and G. M. Bragg - Engineering Aspects of Asbestos Duse Control -
AnArbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 197S. 2. McRae A., L. Whelchel and H. Rowland - Toxic Substances Control Source Book.
Aspen Publications, Germantown, Maryland, 1978 3. Rosato, D. V. Asbestos, It's Industrial Applications, Reinhold Publishing
Corporation, New York, 1959. 4. Hogson, A. A., Fibrous Silicates The Royal Institute of Chemistry, London, 1965. 5. Clifton, R. A. Asbestos - 1977, U. S. Dept, of Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1977. 6. "Review of Asbestos Use in Consumer Products1*, U. S. Consumer Products Safety
Commission, 1978 7. "Asbestos Exposure - A Desk Reference for Communicators", DREW Publication
N-. (NIH) 78-1622, 1978 8. "Recommended Work Practices - Use and Handling of Asbestos Textile Products",
Asbestos Information Association, Arlington, Virginia . 9. "Current Intelligence Bulletin 5" DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 78-127, 1978. 10. "OSHA Safety & Health Standards" (29CFR1910), U. S. Department of Labor. 11. "Recommended Work Practices - Shop & Field Fabrication of Asbestos Sheet
Products", Asbestos Information Association, Arlington, Virginia
42
APPENDIX 4 LIST OF STANDARD PURCHASED GASKETS NOT IN STOCK
43
TKS BABCOCK AND B34_CCX CO* - POBER GE N6 R A 7 2 CttJ , DIVISION
f!MSEO tc:scr ipt ion
STANDARD HATER UU. LIST T^CDdCTS - i?6r:s STARTING
M FOLIO S
te 3 7 H t. DRAW 1N6
4 A4 4 A4 4 ( 7/10-
MAKn. UK PAVJbkS
ID o< teD OD-THK. lg-thk
GSKT AS3 WI PER DWG GSKT ASB WI PER DWG
GSKT AS3 WI PER DWG
52617? S 526027 S *
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936bfcb 130209B 130293B
1 1 1
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3/8 ID 1 IN. ID , 1 IN. ID
1 1/4 2 1/2 2 1/2
1/4
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1 1 52 SO
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776G5A' & 153 77865A 2234
140309A
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1/8 1/4 1/16 1/6 1/16
7 5/6 ID 10 3/4 1/8 6 IN. ID I 0 3/4 . 1/8 8 3N. ID 13 1/4 i/io
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1/8 1/6
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7786SA 77863A 7 62990 778G5A 77866A
1 229 1252
3 1227 1 1SS
P V786 5A 1179 P 10486VD D1 9A P 7 786PA 1156
P 77865A 1230
P 77865A 1 1 rtO
J 44
4/H 4X440? B/ll-B-lQ
Tf<5 CASCOCK AM0 GC*.COX CO. PO0fi C-asfcSAT XOW DIVISION
STANDARD KATeaj^ L2S7
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PCS. vo s DRAtt iNO
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9
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9 Ik* ID 14 1/4 9 3/4 ID 22
1/16 1/16
P 77fcfc5A J 1 57 P 814 cOA 1143
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GSKT ASS fc I
GSKT AS3 vll GSKT AS3 WT
10 in. :ID 13
1/16
10 lKd ID 15 1/4 *1/16
3 0 :k ID 16
1/16
10 1/2 10 1/2
i/a
1/3
15 21 1/2
P 102S95A 1292 P 7 766 5A 1 158
P 614 6 0A 1 M2
P
70261A
IB
P
4178C
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GSKT ASS VI
10 7/0 ID 13 1/2 v/se
GSKT GSKT GSKT GSKT GSKT
A SB
asb ass
AS3 ASS
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1 0 7/8 ID 13 11/16 S/26
21
i/e
11
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1 1 IK. ID 16 1/2 1/16
2 1 I/O ID 17 3/4 1/16
11 1/4
1/3 12 1/2
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12 12 IN. 12 In* 12 3/3
1/6 22 ID 17 1/2 1/16 ID 17 3/4 1/16
1/3 13 1/4
P 77865A 1 1 75
P '/7&6BA P 94791 A P KS 63304 P 77b6*.>A P 77K6SA
1 177 1 6
1 I 59 1 1 25
? 70451A
P 7 7S 6 7 A 10 10
P 7766PA 1 1 60
P TTfcfclsA i 124
P
70525A
T_
GSKT AS8 tel GSKT ASB WI
GSKT ass ft I GSKT asb 11
12 1/2
s/e I A
12 1/2
1/3 15 1/2
32 3/4 ID 35 1/2 12 3/4 ID IP 1/8
1/16 S/8
P KS 64054
2C
p KS 63297
2
P 7766SA 1220
P 776654 1 188
\
45
7KL BACCOCK A?3D E8LCOA CO* PD^rPI GSfs5RA7lGW DIVISION
STANDAE^O fcATfcWJAu LIST
FINISHED PR0Cm:7S " ITEWS STARTING WITH 6 M
UM PESCS l P T 1 ON
FOLIO S DRAB 1 MG
A A4 /}A4flC' 9/ 5-15-
*Ah< CR PATTERN
ID os wo UD-THK LG-7MX
GSKT A&e w I GSKT A 5B fc/J
3/a ID 16 I/A I 2 3/A 10 17 3/A
1/lb 1/16
P 77 866A 1 OSb P 77b6SA 1067
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>3 13
1/6 1/8
22 22
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GSKT GSXT GSKT GSKT
ASB ASo ASB ASS
WIWI WI WI
13-1/8
1/8 13 1/2
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13 3/4 ID 3 7
1/0
14 1/8 22
14 IN* ID 16 5/3 1/3 6
P
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14 1/4 ID 17 14 1/4 ID 19
2/2
1/3 1/16 1/26
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p p p
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1/8 3/8
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p p
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GSKT ASB WI GSKT A S8 WI GSKT ASS WI GSKT ASS WI GSKT ASB WI
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IS 11/16
15 1/4 ro 18 11/16
IS 1/4 30 20 1/2
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1/8 2/16 1/26 1/G
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1 /i 1 to 5/8
15 3/4 16 JM* ID 16 IN. ID 16 IN* 10 16 3/16ID
1/8 19 28 3/4 20 3/4 22 22
3/4 1/86 J/&6 1/26 1/8
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p p p p
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1/26
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22 1/4 ID
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28 i/a
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p 86637A I 1 so
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p 7786SA 1 109
p
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p 77S6SA 1 170
p
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p 14310SA 1342
p
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2t. 1/4
j/e 26 1/4
76 1/6 56 .:e IN* IS 30 3/4 1 / 1 <>
GSKT ASB WI
GSk7 ASb I GSKT ASB WI
29 1/3 29 S/J610 3i 30 1/16
38
1/S 34 1/2
P
P P
P P p
77865A 77S&6A
1068 1 1 25
T786GA 139837A 1431C9A 86823A
I 1x0 1335 1343
1287
77865A 7 706 5A 6S4S8A 9I55SA 6S626D
1245 1249 ISAS 12 16 c
293G4C
b65 4 4 A 776CSA
3
1 1267
159793E
77865A 130724A
28 11 *0 1290
GSK I ASB W 2 GSKT ASb V 1
GSkT Ai.fr * i
GSk * GSK 7 GSK 1 CS* I
Abb A SO AM? A Sb
w1 wJ *I w1
50 IN. 1 0 '3211/26 1/16 32 IN. ID 3o 2 /2 i/8
54 1 /4
1/0 64 1 / 2
3o 2 N
4 2 S/2 1/8
59 j/4 ID 4 2 1 V/lo 1/1 6 J*(; IK. i D 4 2 3/4 1/16
4 1 3/4 U> 44 ti/e
1/8 48
P 7766SA 1266 P 8681SA 1204
P 96S4SA
1
P 666 1 SA 12 05
P 77665A 1122
P
7/605A 1260
""
P 7766SA 1)51
4A4 4A4407 12/3-15-78
L5 UM
DESCRIPTION
THE BABCOCK AND V.TLCOX CO. POWER GENERATION' DIVISION
STANDARD MATERIAL LIST FINISHED PRODUCTS - ITEMS STARTING V7ITH G
M FOLIO S DRAWING
ID OR WD OD-THK LG-TKK
MARK OR PATTERN
NOTE - THE FOLLOWING COPPER GASKETS ARE ANNEALED.
GSKT COP GSKT CO? GSKT COP GSKT COP GSKT COP
33/64ID 45/64ID 13/16ID 1 3/8 ID 1 11/16ID
5/8 1 11/64
1..125
1 5/8
2 3/32
1/32 1/8 .098 .012 1/16
P 526280 S
P 526001 S 526003 S
75546A MS262238
75546A 75499A C 34789
1108 74 1139 125 CKYl
GSKT COP GSKT COP GSKT COP
2 1/8 ID 2 7/8 ID 4 1/4 ID
2 29/32 3 21/32 5 1/32
1/32 1/32 1/32
GSKT COP ASB GSKT COP AS3 GSKT COP ASB
45/64ID 13 1/2 ID 14 IN. ID
1 11/64 22 20
3/32 1/16 1/16
GSKT COP ASB
25 IN. ID 26 3/4 1/16
GSKT COP SJ GSKT COP SJ GSKT COP SJ GSKT COP SJ
3 5/16ID 4 7/16ID 19 .3/8 ID 23 7/8 ID
4 6 3/8 20 7/8 25 3/8
GSKT CO? 2 HOLE
9/16DIA 1. 732
1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16
.105
P 75546A P 75546A P 75546A
,'526276 S P P
J526328 S
35519A 135343A 135347A
858S9A
526330 S* 526353 S 526396 S 526406 S
MS222737 49080A
MX261282 49076A
526007 S MS216487
1146 1147 1148
169 1323 1327
114
C 15 108 114
14
49
t L
-
TK2 SABCOC:
tflLCCX CC
PoyR generation Division
STANDARD MATERIAL list
4 A4 4A4407 13/3-15
PINISMSO PRODUCTS - !T2S STARTING teJTH g
H KAkK LA
( UM t<E SCRIPT I ON ru
FOLIO S DRAW I KG
PATT E kN
ID OP WD GD-TKK LG-7HS
L(1tr1 *
GSf.T CPRS ASS
5/4 ID
3/4 2/e
,526263 s
2486SC
3
GSKT GPRS A SB GSKT CPUS ASH
27/3210 27/3230
i 7/e 2 i/e
!/26 1/16
p 77663A 1279 p 77863A 1280
A
GSKT CPRS ASH GSKT CPkS ASB
I 3/26ID 1 1/1630
2 1/4 2 5/8
1/26 2/16
GSKT C?RS ASB 1 5/16ID
1 13/16 1/16
p 77863A 1278 p 77863A 1281 p 77S63A 1321
L* --- A
GSKT CPf<S asb GSKT CPKS ASb
I S/36JD 1 S/16 ID
2 5/8 2 7/8
2/26 1/16
626177 s p
GSKT GSKT GSKT GSK : CSK*T
C.PfcS CPUS CPUS O'RS C PPG
ASB ASB ASB ASH
asb
GSKT CPKS ASB
I 1/2 ID
1 1/2 ID t_ 21/32ID 1 21/32ID - U/16ID
2 3 3/4 3 3 1/4 2 2/2
1/26 1/32 1/16 1/56 1/26
1* 3/4
1/26 6 1/8
'''5261S2 -526197
s s p p p
52 6161 s
GSKT CPRS ASB 1 7/8
1/16 3 1/2
p
7 7 fe 6 3 A 77 663A
12Cc 1127
12237A 77863A 77853A 77663A 7 7863 A
2 1 0 2c 1232 1113 1221
100365A
1
35539/T
85A
-- GSKT C^RS ASH l 29/32ID 3 3/6 2/16 gs;:t CPAS ASh l 29/32ID 3 3/4 2/16
p 77663A 3 070 p 77063A 3262
i
-- GSKT C^PS ASB 2 IN. ID 2 13/32 1/16 ''526166 s C 300*29
GSKT CPUS ASB 2 IN. ID 2 5/8 2/26 -526164 s
1 2237A
3
_ GSK C'TPS ASH 2 IN. ID 4 1/S 2/6
526187 s
Y78G3A 1 069
GSKT C GPS ASh 2 IN. ID 4 3/6 2/32 -5262C3 s
7 7 h 6 3 A 3021
GSKT C p R S ASB 2 1/4 ID 3 3/6 1/16
526204 s
77663A i 10S
GSKT CPPS ASb GSK T (>'RS ASH
? 3/6 ID 2 3/8 IC
3 4 1/8
1/2o 1/16
-526 186 s
526189 s
7"?63A 77S63A
1 022 107 i
GSKT cpps ASB 2 3/8 I D 4 3/6 3/16
p 7 7863 A 1192
--
GSK T CPPS ASri 2 3/8 ID 6
1/16
p 81442A 1094
GSKT CPPS ASH 2 3/2 ID 5 1/6 3/32 -526209 s
77663A 1 024
GSKT CPPS ASB 2 3/4 ID 5 5/1 e> 3 / i 6
p 77863A 1089
-- GSK T ( PU s ASS 2 7/8 10 4 7/8 1/16
p 77863A 2072
GSKT CPPS ASC GSKT CPRS ASB
2 7/e id 2 7/6 ID
5 1/8 7
1/18 2/16
p 7766BA 1 21-4 p 6 1*42A 1095
50
4> $ A AJi 4 07
Tl'S BADCCClC AblLCQX co PC fc 5 R C3 K2R A T 2 'J.W D 2 V I S I C:.'4
14/3-15-78
STANDARD MATERIAL LIST
F1NISKZC PRODUCTS * ITEMS STARTING tflTH G
M
UK descr ip riON
THICKNESS FOLIO S DRAWING
MARK PATTERN
ID OR WD OD-THK LG-ThX
GSKT CPRS AS3 65* T CPRS ASS GSKT CPRS ASS GSKT CPRS ASB GSK.T CPRS asb
3 3 IN. SO 3 IN. ID
3 1/16 ID 3 3/S ID
1/16
5
3 7/3 6 1/1 6
5 7/a 1/32
5 3/8 4
1/32 1/16
GSKT GSKT GSKT GSKT GSKT
CPRS CPRS CPRS
cprs
CPRS
A SB ASB
ass
ASS A S8
3 3/a ID 3 1/2 ID 3 1/2 ID 3 2/2 ID 3 1/2 ID
4 1/8 4 i/6 4 2/2 6 3/S S 7/S
2/e
2/16 3/2 6 1/2 6 1/J6
P
S26 290 S -5262 13 s
p -S2619G s
526022 S26200
p s s p p
GSKT GSKT GSKT
CPRS CPP.5 CPRS
ASS AS8 A SG
3 1/2 2D 4 IK. 2D 4 IN. 2D
7 2/2 6 3/S 6 S/2
3/16 3/16 3/2 6
p f> p-
GSKT CPU'S AS8 GSKT CFRS a;SB GSK : CPRS ASB GSKT CPRS ASB
4 iK SD 4 1/32 ID A 2/2 SD
A 2/2 ID
7
6 7/8 6 7/S - I/S
i/32
1/32 2/ 16 1/16
`526222
526170 526231
s
p
s
s
GSKT GSKT GSKT GSK7
CPRS CPRS CPRS CPRS
ASS A SB ASS ASS
A 1/2 3D 4 5/2 ID A S/2 3D A 6/S 20
7 s/a Q 1/8 9 S 2/S
1/2 6 1/3:6 1/26 1/6
526349
p
p p
s
131353A
77663A 77663A 77863A 77S63A
1
1 02 5 1028 1318 10 27
7780JA
1223/A 77863A 778 63A 77863A
2223 4
1225 1073 2210
8 1442A 7 bPPA 7Y563A
1006 1246 1283
? 7863A
77S63A 77b6 3 A 77 863 A
10 28
1319 2 0 74 1079
7 7 863A 77863A 8 14 A / A 12237A
1092 2 295 1097
I
GSKT CPRS ASB GSKT CPRS ASB GSKT CPRS AS3 GSKT CPRS ASB
4 3/4
1/1 6
7 1/2
5 1/16 ID 5 9/16 1/S
5 1/16 ID 5 I/A ID
7 3/4 1/32 5 13/16 i/e
p p p
P
GSKT CPRS ASS
GSKT CPS3 AS3 GSKT CPRS ASS GSKT CPRS ASB
5 3/e
5 1/2 5 17/32ID 5 9/2610
i/e
e
1/3 17
8 3/4 7 3/4
1/4 3/32 1/16
GSKT GSKT GSKT
CPRS ASS CPUS ASB CPRS ASS
5 9/16ID 5 9/36ID S 7/S ID
8 1/2 9 1/2 6 S/S
1/16 1/16 3/16
P P !626227 S P
P P P
120220A 12237A
77863A 7 78 63A
1 5 j.320 1 Op l
75S4 1 A
30252A 2 20 39 A' 77863A
1 093
1 3 30 4J
77863A 7 78 63A 77S63A
1 382 1 1 94 1222
51 i3WS-
th- sabcdck and wilcox co. POWE* GE NEk AT I ON DIVISION
SUNOARD K.A T c R I AL LIST
FINISHED PRO [>UC T S - i T 6 HS STARTING WITH G
M
UN description
THICKNESS FOLIO S DRAWING
ID OR HD GD-THK LG-THK
GSKT CPRS AS 8 6
1/16> 10
526176 S
95751A
-A4407 1VS-23-7
NA*K OF PATTERN
G5KT C PR S AS B 6
1/8 15
GSK T CPRS GSKT, C PkS GSKT C?RS
ASS AS 8 AS 8
6 I N. I D <r 7/8 6 IN. I 0 K o 1/8 I D 8 3/t
1/32 1/32 1/32
GSKT GSKT GSKT GSKT GSK T
CPRS C PR CPRS CPRS CPRS
AS 3 ns & AS 8 AS 8 AS 3
0 5/8 I D 7 3/4
6 5/8 I 0 6 5/8 I 0
8 3/i 9 7/S
6 5/3 I D lc 1/2
6 5/8 I 0 11
1/ lb 1/ 16 1/16 1/ 16 1/16
GSKT GSKT GSK T
GSKT
CPRS CPRS C PR S
CPRS
A S'8 ASS AS 3 AS 3
6 7/e I 0 8 5/ 8 1/16
7 1/16 7
7 I N-. I D 11
1/32
5 IN. I D 11
1/32
GSKT GSK T GSKT GSK i GSKT
CPRS C PKS C ?R S CPRS CPRS
AS 8 n* jOti
AS 3
AS 3
AS 3
GSK T C PR S a S 3 GSKT C ?r\ S AS 6
3 IN. I D 12 1/8 S I N . I D 11 3 5 / a i 0 11 8 5 / e I 0 1 2 1/ 3 = 5/8 I D 1 2 1 / 2
2 3 / a I 0 li 3 7/8 I D 1C 7/ 3
1/32 1/5 1/ 16 1/16 1/ 16
1/32 1/16
GSK T C PR S ASS 10 1 N. I D 13 1/A GSKT C?RS ASS 1 J 3 /* I D 13 3/ 3
1/32 1/16
GSK I CPRS A S 5 LG 3 /* I D 1* 1 / i
GSKT CPRS ASS \ j 3 /1 I D lb
GSKT cpps a SB
1/8
1/16 1/16 11
P KS 64034
3
526229 s p P
77 863A KS 63 307
77863A
1029 5
1207
p 77863A 1112 p 77863A 10 45 p 77 3o3A 1 l S3 p 77863A 1193 p 31 442A 1093
p 526230 s
p
p
77 863A 93175A KS 64018 77 663a
1060
5 1033
p 77 363A 1 0 4 4 ? 77 863A 1236 p 7766 3A 1 0 4 O p 77 563a 1203 p 61 WA 1099
p 77 363A 1030 p 77S63A iOol
p 77863A 1240 p 77863A 1047
526150
p p s
77063A SI 4424 100391A
11 84 1100
1
GSK r CPRS A 5 3 11 IN. I 0 1 3 l/i 1/ 16
GSKT C PR S AS 8 11 I N. I 0 15
1/3
GSKT Crr-S AS 3 ]_]_ 3/4 ID 17 3/4
1/16
GSKT C ?K S A S 3 12 1/2
1/8 15 1/2
GSK T CPRS ASS 1 2 3 / 4 I D 16 1/3 1/16
GSK T CPRS A S 5 1 2 3 /1 I D lb 5/3 GSK T C PR S AS 3 1 2 3 / 4 I 0 19 iL.
1/16 1/ 16
P 77863A
P KS 62348 P 77863A P KS 63297 P 77803A
1062 2
1346 2
10i3
P 778634 10 91 P 81442a lici
52
4A4
THE DABCDCK- -AtND''2/ILCGK CO
4A440?
P0WFR' 'D E Me ft t\T *i l/N division
16/:2-15-7-7
STANDARD flATBCUAL LIST
FINT5HE 0 PRODUCTS - ITEMS SMARTING
description-
TH i CKMS-5S- FOLIO
H S
WITH G DRAWING
NARK PATT
10 OR WD QO-THK LG-THK.
GSKT C p o c. A 5 3 1 3 I f k I D 16
1/ lb
G5KT C P R S AS-0' 13- IN. I D 17 i/2 I/S
GSKT CPRS AS3
13 3/4
1/8
21 3/4
526152
P
p. s
77S63A KS 63 596
11624SA
1063
2 i
GSKT CPRS AS 3 14 IN. I D .17 3/4 GSKT CPRS ASS 14 IN, ID 19 1/8 GSKT CPRS ASS' 14 1/4 I D 17 5/8
1/ 16` 1/16 U Ib-
GSK.T C?RS AS5 16 IN. I 0 20 1/4
GSKT CPRS AST? 16 IN. ID 21 1/8
GSKT CPRS as a 16 IN. I 0 21 1/4' GSKT C PR S as n 1 0 1/4 I 0 20 1/3 GSKT C PRS AS 3 13 IN. I 0 21 5/8
l-i lb 1/32 17 16: 1/16 1/16
GSKT C PRS ASS 1 B 1/S I 0 20 3/4
GSKT C PRS AS 0 1 3 5/161 D 21 1/2 GSKT C PR S ASD 20 IN-. I D 23 7/ 3 G5K T CPRS ASB 20 5/1&I0- 23 3/4
1/16 1/ r.o 1/ 16 1/16
GSKT CTS-S A "B GSKT c??s S3 GSKT CPRS A SB
GSKT CPRS A SB GSKT C PRS AS B
20 1/2
1/3
23 1/2
20 1/2 23 3/4
1/S 1/16
23 1/2 26 11/16
24 1 N. I D 20 1/4 1/16
24 3 /e I D 28 1/3 ` 17 1 6
GSKT C?RS AS B 26 IN. I 0 30 1/2 GSKT CPRS AS 3 2 6 1/3 I 0 2 3 3/4
GSKT CPRS ASS 27 1/2 I n 32 IN.
1/16 17 16 1/16
GSKT .CPRS AS 3
GSKT tz??s A-
GSKT CPRS A S 3
40 IN.
41 3/4
4 2 I N.
10 4 5 ID 44 2.1/16 I 0 43
1/ 16
1/16 i/16
p 77863A 1049 p 77863A 1136 p 77863A 1064
77863A 1115 P 77863A 1102 P 77863A 1137 P 77 863A 1065 P 7 7 8o3A 1076
P 7 7 86 3A 1050 P 77 863A 1066 P 77 863A 1077 P 77 8o3A 1067
p KS 81549
3
p
131655B
1
p 77863A 1311
P 77863A 1190 P 7 7 86 3A 10 6 3
P` 77363A 1264 P 77863A 1138 P 77 863A 1269
P 77863A 1228
P
77S63A
1312
P 77363A 1241
53
THE BABCOCK AND WILCOX CO. POWER GENERATION DIVISION
D ESCRIPTION
STANDARD MATERIAL LIST
FINISHED PRODUCTS - ITEMS STARTING WITH G
THICKNESS
FOLIO
M S
ID OR WD 0D- THK LG-THK
DRAWING
GSKT C-AR7021 GSKT GAR7021
13/16ID 1 1/S 3/32
1 21/32ID 3
i/s
GSKT GAR7021 T JET GSKT GAR7021 DUAL F LOW GSKT GAR7021 DUAL FLOW GSKT GAR7021 PRL FLOW GSKT GAR7021 XLGE ATOM
1 3/4
. 1 3/4 1 3/4 3 1/3 2 1/4
1/8 1/16 1/8
1/8
DTE - GAR3452 IS A NITRILE GAS'./T7/7*
526019 S 91804A 526024 S 111524A
526005
526015 526008 526023
S * 64753A S 116997A S 30560A S 102648A
P 30628A
GSKT GAR3452 GSKT GAR8452 GSKT GAR8452 GSKT C-AR3452 GSKT GAR3452
GSKT GARS452 GSKT GARS452 GSKT GARS452 GSKT GARS452 GSKT GARS452
GSKT GARS452 GSKT GARS452 GSKT GAR8432
1 5/16ID 2 5/S 1 5/16ID 2 7/3 1 21/321 D 3 1 29/32ID 3 3/3 2 3/8ID 4 1/S
1/8 1/S 1/8 1/3 1/8
2 3/8ID 2 3/SID 2 3/8ID 2 7/8ID 2 7/3ID
4 3/8 6 6 1/2 7 7 1/2
1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8
3 1/2ID 3 1/2ID 3 1/2ID
5 3/8 7 1/2 8 1/4
1/8 1/3 1/S
526031 526039
526020
P 97U3A p 97113A
s 97113A
S 97113a
s * 97113A
P 97113A p 103305A
526033 s 103306A p 103305A
P 103306A
526021 526029
S 97113A s1 133305A P 1333C6A
4A4 4A44 17/7
MARK PATT
1 1275
1 T 1 I 1
1263 1253 1310 1259 1254
1260 1294 1302 1295 1303
1255 1296 1304
GSKT GAR0452 rsKT GAR8452 r^KT GARS452
4 IN. ID 4 1/2ID 4 1/2ID
5 1/2 9
10
1/8 1/8 1/8
or : r
G'.'V'V. S2
r ''nA^2 ' r_-
>
5 .1/4 X 6 7'?. T.*)
'> 4/ :
-- /r> -
1/3 X 3/4
i ? 1/3 i/7
3
3/3 1/3 1/3 1/8
G^R7452 '- . X GAP8452 `-'OCT GAR8452 GSKT GAR8452 GSKT GAR3452
n ,i/n"fi i i'i AV-
>i r 1. : 9 , / *' *
\ n V3 i
1/2 :9
1 /?
1/3 .1/3 1/8
GSKT GARS452
13 IN. ID 14 1/2 1/8
GSKT GAR31018-0346 OR EQL 24 IN.ID GSKT GAR31018 -034 6 26 ID 30 OD 1/3 THK
p 97113A p 133305A p 133306A
134 5 1297 1305
526025 S 1302143 526028 s 97113A
p 133305A p 133306A p 133305A
1 1288 1298 1306 1299
p 133306A p 133305A p 133306A p 133305A p 133306A
1307 1300
1303 1301 1309
p 97113A
1344
526004 s* 27 IN. OD X 1/8 THK
526040 s 14G177B
1
54
L A/VV
urz mrc,*'-cct ArO n ALrcr-f mn^in r^p-nA^ 8 nr* r>:r?tnrurri
.18/4-24-78
STA^Psa-^ pAT^rt "AV. fL.7.A? ^3K?.^r> r^nr'tK;--; 3^."`1A ST.'rv<t Vj3?M G
ir^scpc iptiun
f! TTMlCrU-in-S rovin s OflAhjMf,
map* ha PATTF.nn
CSK.T PH COP i. Li GSKT HH COP
525070 S* COS MS 5*
52s>2C 4C-9 SPO^c 70-9
)I
L GSKT HH COP 04 ASS
C'TSOAS S* MSJbnt.;
ro
GSKT HH KLIf-C^UTE (AVAILABLE FROM- S&W MJkRINE WAREHOUSE) 404 1S&
* i
GSKT HH SJ MON AS3 GSKT HH SJ MON AS3
GSKT HH SJ MON ASB
GSKT f-M SPIRAL WfTi'ttO TP`?-*V'k A-J^
L GS*7 PH spihal noi',**o
A P'7
AS* 7 H* SPIRAL VUiOiD TPF*M AGO
fS K 7 hh spinal r?oor-2> 7J30* AfO
GSKT HH SPIRAL WOUfTO
Af>0
LGSKT HH KPSPAL
Tv>3 fl <SL A S-'i
.:>xT HH SPIRAL trOM.'TO TPIU^L ASO
AG*1
; <SK7 w ASX 7
GSX7
Hit .'ST L HH A TL HH S7L HH STL HH STL
AS`3 A SO A SO A50 AT-3
12 3 s * 35 I ?o33U s * SS !<. 10 0 I
COS }. AA s * C Os Mis
4n AO 70
-T76 0r^ ; OiESOTS 1 CLo-Opu
s *.'S22b340 5 M522h340 s * S292C s S292C s SZ02C
2*
2ti (
)
40-7* O-S.-OC^ }
4-T<)
70-710-S9S*)
v'^*0T3 s * MSPitObO c.n (o--
57A O 7M s
^4A66A AO --7i J
UPi
% ISAAC'S 'SFAOA7
-jCRs :o?
5 s s s* f>
SR93L SPOHC SR93C 5^930 t-VOAC
26-1 RM- A <6 0- .V A A - !i 4 ?-- i
AS.ST HH STL A5/5 r-.SMT HH STL ASO xGa! HH STL ASO
j r-^s ?,?>(> A?
s'f-RATLVS
s A s
52*MC 66-1 ro- A
S^AC TO- .\
55
L The BABCOCK AND WILCOX CO* POWER GENERA T ] liN DIVISION
STANDARD RATER 2 AL LIST
1-jNjSHtO PRODUCTS - ITEMS STARTING KITH G
UM DESCRJP7 ION
thickness folio
M DRAWING
i4 u 10 bD 0D-7KX LWW
AAA 4A44 07 19/3-15-78
MARK OR PATTERN
GSK T MM A S B tf I GSKT MM ASS to I
2 2 X 25 12 X 26
GSK.T MH SPIRAL WOUffS tTP304 ASS CSKT MK spiral WC UNO 7P304 ACS GSKT MM SPIRAL t/aur-iD TP304 . ASD GSKT MH spiral fcOL'N'D TP3Q4 AS3 GSKT MH SPIRAL WOUND TP-304 ASS
526375 S$ SS24I015
-52637? s D 104944
-526379 '526300
526395 52639-4
s s s s
p
D J 04944 D 104944 D 104944 D X04944 D 104944
2-2
2-3 3-3 4-3
S-3
6-3
GSKT KK SPIRAL WOUND 7P3G4 ACS GSK T MH SPIRAL WOUND 7P304 ASS GSKT MK SPIRAL WOUTiO TP2CK ` ASS
p D 204944 p D 104944 p D 104944
7-3 8-3 9-3
GSKT NITRILE - GSKT GAR8452 IS ALSO NITRILE.
GSKT NITRILE GSN.T hi 2 T.ULS
9 30
1/4 I/O
10 SO
--
GSKT NITRILE
20
1/S 12
GSKT M1TR1LE
20
1/4 10
GSXT *IKG jT GOT R770 GSKT RING JT OVAL R24
6^0-030 526530 526531
P S
s s
p p
133344A 99S49A 99S47A 9949>A
1 2 1 2
86706A 86786A
1076 1124
NOTE - <GSKT FOLIO 526283 IS FOR EEL]:ancs WATER GAGS.
GSKT S
12/1610 I ZJ It 7/56
S262B3 S (BG403R3)
--
GSKT RSP^SlulCO 1 15/1610 2 5/8 1/4
526310 S
2 223 2 A
2
GSKT WSPSILIOD 2 IN* ID 3 3/6 3/0
P 12232 A 4
--
GSK.7 RLSRS I L40D
7/32 ID
i i/16 I/O
P 12231 A
1
GSKT HbRSlL700
7/8 ID 1 1/2 i/e
526200 S
12231A
3
GSK r silicon 1 11/16ID 2 S/2 2/8
P 97097A 12.3 8
GSKT S1LICONS 3 1 /2 2D 5
1/8
P 970 97 A 1239
--
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;
i.
THE BABCOCK & WILCOX COMPANY POWER GENERATION GROUP
To
SUPERINTENDENTS/MANAGERS
From
K. C. KOCHHAR - SR. FACILITIES ENGINEER
Cust.
Subj . ASBESTOS SURVEY
( This letter to cover one customer and one subject only.
\
APPENDIX 5 Asbestos Survey (Shop Inpu
F i ie No. or Ref.
80S 66.5-*
Date AUGUST 8, 1978
A survey is being made for the asbestos products which are used at Wilmington Works. The purpose is to identify all the purchased or stock items containing asbestos. The ultimate objective is to eliminate the usage of asbestos product from the facility.
A suggested list of products containing asbestos is enclosed. Please supply appropriate information in the attached form. If you have any additional information regarding substitution, please advise.
Please treat this on a "High Priority Basis". The information is required by August 16, 1978.
KCK:el Attachment
cc: J. D. Coleman L. Johnson B. R. McGinnis F. Munka
K. C. KOCHHAR
58 "Committed to Excellence"
EXAMPLE OF INFORMATION REQUIRED
Name of Product Manufacturer Stock/Purchase Application How Used -
Annual Usage -
Frequency of usage Usage Location -
Storage Location Handling -
Gaskets
ABC Company
Stock
Manhole cover for drums
Is there any machining done eg. sawing, grinding, drilling, etc.
Rough estimate of quantity in lbs., number of pieces;sa cubic feet, etc.
Daily, // times/week, f/times/month, e
Bay, Building and approximately column location.
Which storeroom
Type of container, Type of disposal of the waste produc
60
jar--.
-ASlUiSTOS SUKVKV WILMINGTON WOKKS
c.
o CO
-ASBESTOS SURVEY WILMINGTON WORKS
APPENDIX 6 ASBESTOS OSHA STANDARD 1919 . 1001
64
'dll.
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
STANDAliUS AND INTKitriVSTATIONS
The value of Em shall not exceed unity CD.
(ii) To illustrate the formula prescribed in subdivision (ii of this subparagraph, con sider the followin'*- exposures:
Mat'jrb.l
Acetone {Taolu V.-\) 2-But2oe (Table- 70--1)
Toluene (T:;Ke 7.-1)
Actui'l con central ir<u of 8-hour exposure
8-hour time .veigiilcd avc:r;v:;o exposure limit
500 p.p.m.
- 45 p.p.m. 10 p.p.m.
1,000 p.p.m. 200 p.p.m. 200 p.p.m.
Substituting in th e formula, w e have: 500 45 40
=------------ 'r ------------ 1---------- l.COO 200 200
= 0.500 J- 0.225 + 0.200 E - 0.025
Since Em is less than unity (1), the expourccombination is within acceptable limits.
<e) To achieve compliance* with paragraph (a) through (d) of this section, administrative or engineerin'.':controls must first he determined and implemented whenever feasible. When such controls are not feasible to achieve lull compliance, protective equipment or any other protective measures shall be used to keep the exposure of employees to air contami nants within the limits prescribed in this sec tion. Any equipment and/or tecnnical measures used for this purpose most be approved for each particular use by a compe tent industrial hygienist or other technically qualified person. Whenever respirators are used, their use shall comply with 1010.134.
*10.1031--ASBESTOS
(a) Definitions.
For the purpose of this section.
(!) "Asbestos" includes chrvsmile, amosite, crocidolite, wemolitc, amhophyllite, and ac Z\ nolite.
(2) Standard effective July 1, 1976. The 6-hour time-weighted average airborne concentra tions of asbestos libers to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed two fibers, longer than y micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air, as determined by the method prescribed in paragraph te) of this section.
(?.) "Asbestos fibers'' means asbestos fibers longer than 5 micrometers.
(b) Permissible exposure to airborne concen
trations of asbestos fibers.
(1) Standard affective July 7, 1972. The 8-hour time-weighted average airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed five fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic cenli'r.otcr of air, as determined by the method prescribed in paragraph (e) of this' section.
(3) Ceiling concentration. No employee shall be exposed at any time to airborne concentra tions of asbestos fillers in excess of 10 fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic cen timeter of air. as determined by the method prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section.
(c) Methods of compliance.
(1) Engineering methods.
(1) Engineering controls. Engineering con trols, such as, but not limited to. isolation, enclosure, exhaust ventilation, and dust
1910.1 OOKc )< 1 )(i)
Y02
65
\\
i /
OCClTATiOKAL 5AF!7i*Y AND IISALTIt
IvIO.lCuKcKl'Ki) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS
collodion, shall be used to meet the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section.
(ii) Lcca! exhaust ventilation.
(a) Local exhaust ventilation and dust collection systems shall bo designed, constructed, installed, and maintained in accordance with the American National Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, ANSI ZO.2-1971, which is incorporated by reference herein.
(b) See 1910.d concerningthe availabil ity of ANSI Zs'!.2-1971, anil the mainte nance of a historic file in connection therewith. The address of the American National Standards Institute is given in S 1910.100.
(iii) Forticulor tools. All hand-operated arid power-operated tools which may produce or release asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of Ibis section, such as, but not limited to, saws, scorers, abrasive wheels, and drills, shall be provided with local exhaust ventilation systems in accordance with subdivision (ii) of this subparagraph.
(2) Web; practices.
(i) Wot methods. Insofar as practicable, asbestos shall be handled, mixed, applied, removed, cut, scored, or otherwise worked in n wet state sufficient to prevent the emission of airborne fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in para graph (b) of this section, unless the use fulness of the product would be dimin ished thereby.
(if) Particular products and operations. N0 asbestos cement, mortar, coating, grout, plaster, or similar material containing asbestos shall be removed from bags, car tons, or other containers in which they are shipped, without being either wetted, or enclosed, or ventilated so as to prevent effectively the release of airborne asbes tos fibers in excess of the limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section.
(iii) Spraying, demolition, or removal. Employees engaged in the spraying of asbestos, the removal, or demolition of pipes, structures, or equipment, covered or insulated with asbestos, and in the removal or demolition of asbestos insula tion or coverings shall bo provided with respiratory equipment in accordance with paragraph (d)(2)(iii) of this section and with special clothing in accordance with paragraph (d)(2) of this section.
(ci) Personal protective equipment.
(') Compliance with the exposure limits pre scribed by paragraph (b) of this section may not be achieved by the use of respirators or shift rotation of employees, except:
(i) During the time period necessary to install the engineering controls and to institute the work practices required by paragraph (c) of this section;
()i) In work situations in which the methods prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section are either technically not feasible or feasible to an extent insuf ficient to reduce the airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers below the limits prescribed by paragraph (b) of this sec tion; or
(iii) In emergencies.
(iv) Where both respirators and personnel rotation are allowed by subdivisions (i), (ii), or (iii) of this subparagraph, and both are practicable, personnel rotation shall be preferred and used.
(2) Where a respirator is permitted by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, it shall be selected from among those approved by the Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior, or the National Institute for Occu pational Safety and Health, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, under the provisions of 20 CFR Part 11 (37 F.R. 0214, Mar. 25, 1972), and shall be used in accordance with subdivisions (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) of this subparagraph.
(i) Air purifying respirators. A reusable or single use air purifying respirator, or a
lSlC.100i(dX2)U)
66
i9U).K)ru(<nc')(n STANDARDS AND lN7EiU'KETAT30N5
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND linAl.TII
respirator described in subdivision (ii) or (iii)of this subparagraph, shall be used to reduce the concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator below the* exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (!>) of this section, when the ceilin'; or the 8-hour timc.-v.vighted average airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed no more than 10 times those limits.
(ii) Powered eir purifying respirators. A full' facepiece powered air purifying; respirator, or a powered air purifying respirator, or a respirator described in subdivision (iii) of this subparagraph, shall be used to reduce the concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator below the exposure limits pre scribed in paragraph (b) of this section, when the ceiling or the. 8-hour timeweighted average concentrations of asbestos fibers arc reasonably expected to exceed 10 times, but not .100 times, those limits.
(iii) Typ3 "C" svppbcd-Gjr respirators, continuous
flow or.prrsr.uro-'J'fiscind class. A type "C" COU-
tinuous flow or pressure-demand, supplicd-air respirator shall be used to reduce the concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator below the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, when the ceiling or the 8-hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed 100 times those limits.
(iv) Establishment of a respirator program.
(a) The employer shall establish a respirator program in accordance with the requirements of the American National Standard Practices for Res piratory Protection, ANSI ZSS.2-1S89, which is incorporated by reference herein.
(!>) See 1910.1! concerning the availabil ity of ANSI ZSS.2-1%9 and the mainte nance of an historic file in connection therewith. The address of the American National Standards Institute is given in 1910.100.
(e) No employee shall be assigned to tasks requiring the use of respirators if, based upon his most recent examina tion, an examining physician deter mines that the employee will be unable to function normally wearing a respirator, or that the safety or health of tin* employee or other employees will be impaired by his use of a respirator. Such employee shall be rotated to another job or ^iven the opportunity to transfer to a different position whose duties he is able to perform with the same employer, in the same geographi cal area and with the same seniority, status, and rate of pay he had just prior to such transfer, if such a different, posi tion is available.
(3) Special clothing: The employer shall pro vide, and require the use of, special clothing, such as coveralls or similar whole body clothing, head coverings, gloves, and foot coverings for any employee exposed to air borne concentrations of asbestos fibers, which exceed the ceiling level prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section.
(4) Change rooms:
(i) At any fixed place of employment exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, the employer shall provide change rooms fov employees working reg ularly at the place.
(I!) Clothes lockers: The employer shall provide two separate lockers or con tainers for each employee, so separated or isolated as to prevent contamination of the employee's street, clothes from his work clothes.
(iii) Laundering:
(a) Laundering of asbestos con taminated clothing shall he done so as to prevent l he release of airborne asbes tos fibers in excess of tlie oxposu re limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this soc tion.
(b) Any employer who gives asbestoscontaminated clothing to another per-
291(UC0](d}(4Xiii)<b)
74
67
OCCUPATIONAL SAr'KTY AND UEALTJI
1010.1C0Uo)(4>(i:i)' b)
STANDARDS AND INTKRIT.ETATl'jN'S
son for laundering slmll inform such person of the requirement in U>) of this subdivision to effectively prevent the release of airborne asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits proscribed in paragraph (b) of this section.
(c) Contaminated clothing shall be transported in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable con tainers, and labeled in accordance with paragraph '(g) of this section.
(o) iVlsfhod of measurement.
All determinations of airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers shall be made by tite membrane filter method at 400-450 x (mag nification) (4 millimeter objective) with phase contrast illumination.
({) Moni-orincj.
(1) Initial determinations. Within 0 months of the publication of this section, every employer shall cause t-very place of employ ment whore asbestos fibers are released to be monitored in such a way as to determine whether every employee's exposure to asbestos fibers is below the limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. If Die limits are exceeded, the employer shall immediately undertake a compliance pro gram in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section.
(2) Personal monitoring.
(i) Samples shall be collected from within the breathing zone of the employees, on membrane fillers of 0.8 micrometer poros ity mounted in an open-face filter holder. Samples shall be taken for the determina tion of the S-hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations and of the ceiling concentrations of asbestos fibers.
(ii) Sompling frequency and patterns. After the initial determinations required by subparagraph (I) of this paragraph, samples shall be of such frequency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the level* of exposure of employees. In no case shall the sampling be done at
intervals greater then b months for employees whose exposure to asbestos may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the limits proscribed by paragraph (b) of this section.
(3) Environmental monitoring,
(i) Samples shall be collected from areas of a work environment which are rep resentative of the airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers which may reach the breathing zone of employees. Samples shall be collected on a membrane filter of 0.8 micrometer porosity mounted in an open-face filter holder. Samples shall be taken for the determination of the 8-hour time-weighted average airborne concen trations and of the ceiling concentrations of asbestos fibers.
(ii) Sampling frequency and patterns. After the initial determinations required by subparagraph (3) of this paragraph, samples shall be of such frequency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of the employeesIn no case shall sampling be at intervals greater than 6 months for employees whose exposures to asbestos may reason ably be foreseen to exceed the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section.
(4) employee ebsesvation of monitoring. Affected employees, or their representatives, shall be given a reasonable opportunity to observe any monitoring required by this paragraph and shall have access to the records thereof.
(9) Caution signs nnd labels.
(1) Caution signs,
(} Posting, (bullion signs shall ho proviilod and displayed at each location whore air borne concentrations of asbestos fibers may bo in excess of the exposure limits proscribed it) paragraph <i>) of l his seel ion. Signs shall he posted at such a distance irom such a location so that an employee tuny read the signs ami take necessary protective slops before entering the area marked by the signs. Signs shall bo posted
705
lDlO.lOOKjKJKi)
68
STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
at all approaches to areas containing
excessive concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers.
i!y visible and legible. Tiio label shall state:
C.ai.tion
(li) Siyn specifications. The warning signs required by subdivision (i) of this sub paragraph shall conform In the require ments of liu' x 1-1" vertical format signs specified in $ 1P 10.1 ia(d)i !), and lo this subdivision. Ida* sijrns shall display the following legend in the lower panel, with letter sizes and styles of a visibility at least equal to that specified in this sub
division.
Legend Asbestos --------------------------------------------
Dust Hazard ___________________________
Avoid Ereathir.;: Dust .. ........ .......Wear Assigned Protective Equip-
ment. Do Not Remain In Area Unless
Your Work Requires It. Brea'lhiuK Asbestos Dust May Be
Hazardous To Your Health.
Notation 1" Sans
Serif, Gothic ur block. " Sans Serif, Gothic or Block.
Gothic. Vi" Gothic,
Vi" Gothic.
14 point Gothic.
ConUuns AMmsUis Fibers
A vim! f nMlim;- 1 >u:l
Asiiv.-lns |)usl May t au-.e
Serious llodily 11 ai'm
(h) Housekaaping.
(1) CUtcminfj. All external surface's in any place of employment shall be maintained free iif accumulations of asbestos libers il, with their dispersion, there would be an excessive concentration.
(2) Waste disposal. Asbestos waste, scrap, debris, bags, containers, equipment, and asbestos-contaminated clothing, consigned for disposal, which may produce in any reasonably foreseeable use, handling, stor age, processing, disposal, or transportation airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section shall be col lected and disposed of in sealed imperme able bags, or other closed, impermeable con tainers.
Spacin'.- between lines shall be at least equal to the height of the tipper of any two lines.
(2) Caution labels.
(i) labeling. Caution labels shall he affixed to all raw materials, mixtures, scrap, waste, debris, and other products contain ing asbestos fibers, or to their containers, except that no label is required where asbestos fibers have been- modified by a bonding agent, coating, binder, or other material so that during any reasonably foreseeable use, handling, storage, dis posal, processing, or transportation, no airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits pre scribed in paragraph (b) of this section will be released.
(i) Recordkeeping.
(1) Exposure records. Every employe'!' shall maintain records of any personal ur environ mental monitoring required by this section. Records shall bo maintained for a period of at least 20 years and shall be mad.- available upon request to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and to au thorized representatives of either.
| :i F.R. 1I*>04, March IS), 1970.)
(2) Employee access. Every employee and former employee shall have reasonable access to any record required to be main tained by subparagraph (1) of this para graph, which indicates the employee's own exposure to asbestos fibers.
(ii) Lube I specifications. The caution labels required by subdivision (i) of this subparagraph shall be printed in letters of sufficient size and contrast as to be reud-
101C.J001(iK3)
706
(3) Employee notification. Any employee found to have been exposed at any time lo airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of the limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of
OCCUPATIONAL SAFKTY AND HEALTH
J91M00l(i)(3) STANDARDS AND INTE'U'P.L'i'ATJONS
tliis section shall bo notified in writing of tilt; exposure as soon as practicable but not later than 5 days of the finding. The employee shall also be timely notified of the corrective action being taken.
(j) iV.odicol examinations.
(1) General. The employer shall provide or
make available at his cost, medical examina
tions relative to exposure to asbestos
required by this paragraph.
*.
(2) Frep'acomcnt. The employer shall provide
or make available to each of his employees, within 30 calendar days following his first employment in an occupation exposed to air borne concentrations of asbestos fibers, a comprehensive medical examination, which shall include, as a minimum, a chest roent genogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary func tion tests to include forced viral capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 sec ond (FEVi.o).
(3) Annual examinations. On or bedore January Si, 1973, and at least annually thereafter, every employer shall provide, or make avail able, comprehensive medical examinations to each of his employees engaged inoccupa tions exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers. Such annual-examination
shall include, as a minimum, a chest roent genogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary func tion tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 sec ond (FEVi.o).
(4) Termination of employment. The employer shall provide, or make available, within 30
calendar days before or alter the termina tion of employment of any employee engaged in an occupation exposed lo air borne concentrations of asbestos fibers, a compruhL'nsivc medical examination which shall include, as a minimum, a chest, roent genogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary func tion tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 sec ond (FEVi.o).
(5) Recent examinations. No medical examina tion is required of any employee, if adequate records show that the employee ha.s been examined in accordance with this para graph within the past 1-year period.
(6) Medico! records.
(!) /hamJenance. Employers of employees examined pursuant to this paragraph shall cause to be maintained complete and accurate records of all such medical examinations. Records shall be retained by employers for at least 20 years.
(ii) Access. The contents of the records of the medical examinations required by this paragraph shall lie made available, for inspection and copying, to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupa tional Safety and Health, the Director of NIOSH, to authorized physicians and medical.consultants of either of them, and, upon the request of an employee or former employee, to his physician. Any physician who conducts a medical exami nation required by this paragraph shall furnish to the employer of the examined employee all the information specifically required by this paragraph, and any other medical information related to occupa tional exposure to asbestos fibers.
1910.1002---COAL TAR PITCH VOIATILSS; INTERPRETATION OF TERM
As used in 1910.1002 (Table Z-l), coal tar pitch, volatiles include the fused polycyclic hydrocarbons which volatilize from the distillation residues of coal, petroleum, wood , and other organic matter.
lation residues of coal, petroleum, wood, and other organic matter.
(37 F.It. 2-174!). November 21, 1H72.J
707
1310.1002
THE BABCOCK & WILCOX COMPANY 0WER GENERATION GROUP
To. 1
B. R. MC GINNIS - MANAGER MANUFACTURING SERVICES
From
K. C. KOCHHAR - SR. FACILITIES ENGINEER
Oust.
Subj.
ASBESTOS REPORT
This letter to cover one customer and one subject only.
File Ho. or Ref.
Date
MARCH 1, 1979
80S 665--6
Per your request,' enclosed is Asbestos Report. An effort was made to be comprehensive. It discusses asbestos as an important mineral and as a hazardous substance. The methods to minimize or eliminate the hazards are also discussed.
KCK:el Enclosure
cc: E. S. Gaffney R. H. Otis
\-C
K. C. KOCHHAR
"Committed to Excellence"