Document g2ZEMJxBLwww5aM60mqev9zZV

juujrt i lugiUUl 1U| lAuioa uuu< ixugumuuud-' PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT BIR-451 Director means the Director of the exposures associated with operations permissible exposure limit and/or National Institute for Occupational - that are most likely to produce - excursion limit or when the emplo Safety and Health. U.S. Department of exposures above the excursiorflimit for - has any reason to suspect that a ch Health and Human Services, or each shift for each job classification in may result in new or additional designee. . Employee exposure means that each work area.' (2) Initial monitoring, (i) Each exposures above the action level ai excursion limit. exposure to airborne asbestos that employer who has a workplace or work (6) Method of monitoring, (i) All | would occur ifthe employee were not operation covered by this standard, samples taken to satisfy the momt< I using respiratory protective equipment. except as provided for ih paragraphs ., requirements of paragraph (d) of tt Fiber means a particulate form of (d)(2)(ii) and (d)(2)(iii) of this section, section shall be personal samples I asbestos S micrometers or longer,with a shall perform initial monitoring of - collected following the procedures ' length-to-diameter ratio of at least 3 to employees who are, or may reasonably specified in Appendix A. 1. be expected to be exposed to airborne - . (ii) All samples taken to satisfy t High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) concentration's at or above the TWA , monitoring requirements of parage | filtermeans a filter capable of trapping ' permissible exposure limit and/or (d) of this section shall be evaluate and retaining at least 99.97 percent of excursion limit ' ' using the 0$HA Reference Method 0.3 micrometer diameter, mono-disperse (ii) Where the employer has ' (ORM) specified in AppendixA of particles. . monitored after March 31,1992, for the-. section, or an equivalent counting Industrial hygienist means a ` TWA permissible exposure limit and/or method. . ' professional qualified by education; the excursionf4imit, and the monitoring (iii) If an equivalent method to tl training, and experience to anticipate, recognize, evaluate and develop controls for occupational health satisfies all other requirements of this . ORM is used, the employer shall e; section, the employer may rely on such that the method meets the followir. earlier monitoring results to satisfy the criteria: ' hazards. PACM means thermal system insulation, sprayed on or troweled on surfacing material and debris in work areas where such material is present. Regulated area means an area requirements of paragraph (d)(2)(i) of ' ' (A) Replicate exposure data usee this section. _ . establish equivalency are collected (iii) Where the employer has relied side-by-side field and laboratory upon objective data that demonstrate ' comparisons; and -. that asbestos is not capable ofbeing (B) The comparison indicates th: released in airborne concentrations at or 90% ofthe samples collected in th- established by the employer to demarcate areas where airborne concentrations of asbestos exceed, or above the TWA permissible exposure limit and/or excursion limit under the expected conditions ofprocessing, use, range 0.5 to 2.0 times the permissil limit have an accuracy range ofpk minus 25 percent of the ORM fern) there is a reasonable possibility they may exceed, the permissible exposure limits. ' (c) Permissible exposure limit - (PELS)--(1) Time-weighted average limit (TWA). The employer shall ensure or handling, then no initial monitoring ' is required: '- - (3) Monitoring frequency (periodic monitoring) and patterns. After the initial determinations required by paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section, a 95% confidence level as demons: by a statistically valid protocol; am (C) The equivalent method is documented and the results of the comparison testing are maintained. . (iv) To satisfy the monitoring that no employee is exposed to an samples shall be'of such frequency and requirements of paragraph (d) ofth airborne concentration of asbestos pattern as to represent with reasonable section, employers must use the re: excess of 0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter accuracy the levels of exposure ofthe of monitoring analysis performed b of air as an eight (8)-hour time-weighted employees. In no case shall sampling be laboratories which have instituted average (TWA) as determined by the at intervals greater than six months for quality assurance programs that in: method prescribed in Appendix A of employees whose exposures may the elements as prescribed-in Appe this section, or by an equivalent reasonably be foreseen to exceed the - A ofthis section. / method. TWA permissible exposure limit,and/or (7) Employee notification of (2) Excursion limit. The employer excursion limit. ' v, monitoring results. (i>The employe shall ensure that no employee is' (4) Changes in monitoring frequency. shall, within 15 working days after exposed to an airborne concentration of Ifeither the initial or the periodic receipt of the results of any monito asbestos in excess-of 1.0 fiber per cubic monitoring required by paragraphs . performed under the standard, noti centimeter of air (1 f/cc) as averaged (d)(2) and (d)(3) of this section - the affected employees of these rest over a sampling period of thirty (30) statistically indicates that employee in writing either individually or by minutes. (d) Exposure monitoring.--(1) exposures are below the TWA permissible exposure limit and/or posting of results-in an appropriate location that is accessible to affecte General, (i) Determinations of employee excursion limit, the employer may employees- ` exposure shall be made from breathing discontinue the monitoring for those - (ii) The written notification requi zone air samples that are representative employees whose exposures are ' by paragraph (d)(7)(i) of this sectioi of the 8-hour TWA and 30-minute short represented by such monitoring. shall contain the corrective action 1 term exposures of each employee. (5) Additional monitoring. taken by the employer to reduce - (ii) Representative 8-hour TWA employee exposures shall be Notwithstanding) the previsions of paragraphs (d)(2J(ii) and (d)(4) of this employee exposure to or below the TWA and/or excursion limit, when determined on the basis of one or more section, the employer shall institute the monitoring results indicated that th samples representing full-shift exposures for each shift for each exposure monitoring required under paragraphs (d)(2)(i) and (d)(3) of this TWA and/or excursion limit had be exceeded. employee in each job classification in section whenever there has been a . (e) Regulated Areas.--(1) each work area. Representative 30- change in the production, process, Establishment. The employer shall minute short-term employee exposures control equipment, personnel or work establish regulated areas wherever shall be determined on the basis of one practices that may result in new or airborne concentrations ofasbestos or more samples representing 30 minute additional exposures above the TWA . or PACM are in excess of the TWA \0 H\OS9) BIRD 015468  1910.1001 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7-1-89 EdH and required by work duties to be (d) Exposure monitoring--(1) ( present in regulated areas. eraL (i) Determinations of empl< "Director" means the Director of exposure shall be made from bre the National Institute for Occupation ing zone air samples that are re al Safety and Health, U.S. Depart sentative of the 8-hour TWA and ment of Health and Human Services, minute short-term exposures of e or designee. employee. ___ "Employee exposure" means that (ii) Representative 8-hour TWA exposure to airborne asbestos, tremo- ployee exposures shall be determi lite, anthophyllite, actinolite, or a on the basis of one or more sami combination of these minerals that representing full-shift exposures would occur if the employee were not each shift for each employee in e: using respiratory protective equip job classification in each work ai ment. Representative 30-minute short-U "Fiber" means a particulate form of employee exposures shall be del asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, or mined on the basis of one or m actinolite, 5 micrometers or longer, samples representing 30 minute ex with a length-to-diameter ratio of at sures associated with operations tl least 3 to 1. are most likely to produce exposu "Hlgh-efficlency particulate air above the excursion limit for ei (HEPA) filter" means a filter capable shift for each job classification in es of trapping and retaining at least 99.97 work area. percent of 0.3 micrometer diameter (2) Initial monitoring, (i) Each e mono-disperse particles. ployer who has a workplace or wc "Regulated area" means an area es operation covered by this stands- tablished by the employer to demar except as provided for in paragrap cate areas where airborne concentra (d)(2Xii) and (d)(2)(iii) of this sectic tions of asbestos, tremolite, antho shall perform initial monitoring of e: phyllite, actinolite, or a combination ployees who are, or may reasonably of these minerals exceed, or can rea expected to be exposed to airbor sonably be expected to exceed, the concentrations at or above the actii permissible exposure limit. level and/or excursion limit. "Tremolite, anthophyllite, or actino (ii) Where the employer has mor lite" means the non-asbestos form of tored after December 20, 1985. for tl these minerals, and any of these min TWA and after March 14.1988, for tl erals that have been chemically treat excursion limit, and the monitorir ed and/or altered. satisfies all other requirements of th (c) Permissible exposure limits section, the employer may rely o (PELS)--<1) Time-weighted average such earlier monitoring results to sa limit (.TWA). The employer shall isfy the requirements of paragrap ensure that no employee Is exposed to (d)(2)(f) of this section. on airborne concentration of asbestos, (HI) Where the employer has relie tremolite, anthophyllite, actinolite, or upon objective data that demonstrate a combination of these minerals in that asbestos, tremolite, anthophy' excess of 0.2 fiber per cubic centimeter lite, actinolite, or a combination o of air as an eight (8)-hour time-weight these minerals is not capable of betn ed average (TWA) as determined by released in airborne concentrations a the method prescribed in Appendix A or above the action level and/or excui of this section, or by an equivalent sion limit under the expected condi method. tions of processing, use, or handling (2) Excursion limit The employer then no initial monitoring is required shall ensure that no employee is ex (3) Monitoring frequency (periods posed to an airborne concentration of monitoring) and. patterns. After the asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, ac initial determinations required bj tinolite, or a combination of these paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section minerals, in excess of 1.0 fiber per samples shall be of such frequency cubic centimeter of air (1 f/cc) as aver and pattern as to represent with rea aged over a sampling period of thirty sonable accuracy the levels of expo (30) minutes. sure of the employees. In no case shall BIRD 015469  1910.1001 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7-1-86 Edition) "Both concentration and percent quartz tor the application ot this limit are to he determined Irom the traction passing a size-selector with the (ottowlng charactenstiCS' "Containing <1% quartz; it t% quartz, use quartz limit. Aerodynamic diameter (unit density sphere) Percent passing selector 2 90 2.5 75 3.5 50 5.0 25 10 0 the measurements under this note refer to the use of an ABC Instrument The respirable fraction of coal dust is determined with a MR6: the figure corresponding to that of 2.4 Mg/M3 in the table for coal dust is 4.5 Mg/M5. C39 FR 23502,-June 27. 1974. Redesignated and amended at 40 FR 23072, 23073, May 28. 1975; 42 FR 22525, May 3, 1977; 43 FR 2800, Jan. 17,1978; 43 FR 5963, Feb. 10.1978; 43 FR 13563, Mar. 31. 1978; 43 FR 19624. May 5. 1978; 43 FR 27394, June 23. 1978; 43 FR 45809, Oct. 3, 1976; 43 FR 53007, Nov. 14, 1978; 43 FR 57602, Dec. 8, 1978: 46 FR 32022, June 19. 1981; 49 FR 25796, June 22. 1984; 50 FR 51173, Dec. 13, 19851 S 1910.1001 Asbestos, tremolite, antho- phyllite, and actinollte. (a) Scope and application. (1) This section applies to all occupational ex posures to asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite, in all indus tries covered by the Occupational Safety and Health Act, except as pro vided in paragraph (a)(2) of this sec tion. (2) This section does not apply to construction work as defined in 29 CFR 1910.12(b). [Exposure to asbes tos, tremolite. anthophyllite, and ac tinolite in construction work is covered by 29 CFR 1926.58.1 (b) Definitions. "Action level" means an airborne concentration of asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, actinolite, or a combination of these minerals, of 0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter (f/cc) of air calculated as an eight (8)--hour timeweighted average. "Asbestos" includes chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite asbestos, anthophyllite asbestos, actinolite as bestos, and any of these minerals that have been chemically treated and/or altered. "Assistant Secretary" means the As sistant Secretary of Labor for Occupa tional Safety and Health, U.S. Depart ment of Labor, or designee. "Authorized person" means any person authorized by the employer and required by work duties to be present in regulated areas. "Director" means the Director of the National Institute for Occupation al Safety and Health, U.S. Depart ment of Health and Human Services, or designee. "Employee exposure" means that exposure to airborne asbestos, tremo lite. anthophyllite, actinolite, or a combination of these minerals that would occur if the employee were not .using respiratory protective equip ment. "Fiber" means a particulate form of asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, or actinolite, 5 micrometers or longer, with a length-to-diameter ratio of at lease 3 to 1. "High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter" means a filter capable of trapping and retaining at least 99.97 percent of 0.3 micrometer diameter mono-disperse particles. "Regulated area" means an area es tablished by the employer to demar cate areas where airborne concentra tions of asbestos, tremolite, antho phyllite. actinolite. or a combination of these minerals exceed, or can rea sonably be expected to exceed, the permissible exposure limit. "Tremolite, anthophyllite, or actino lite" means the non-asbestos form of these minerals, and any of these min erals that have been chemically treat ed and/or altered. (c) Permissible exposure limit (PSD. The employer shall ensure that no em ployee Is exposed to an airborne con centration of asbestos, tremolite, anth ophyllite, actinolite, or a combination of these minerals in excess of 0.2 fiber per cubic centimeter of air as an eight (8)-hour time-weighted average (TWA) as determined by the method pre scribed in Appendix A of this section, or by an equivalent method. (d) Exposure monitoring.--(1) Gen eral (i) Determinations of employee exposure shall be made from breath ing zone air samples that are repre sentative of the 8-hour TWA of each employee. (ii) Representative 8-hour TWA em ployee exposures shall be determined on the basis of one or more samples representing full-shift exposures for 660  1910..93a Title 29--Labor Table Q-3--Mineral Dusts (2) "Asbestos fibers" means asbestos fibers longer than 5 micrometers. Substance Silica: Crystalline: Quartz (respirable) Mppet MgfM1 250 1 lOmg/M*m (b) Permissible exposure to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers--(I) Standard effective July 7, 1972. The 8-hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers to Quartz (total dust). ToSiOt+6 %S10i 1-2 which any employee may be exposed ................... 30ntg/Ms shall not exceed five fibers, longer than %S,Ort-2 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of Cristobalftc: Use )( the value calculated from the count or mass formulae for quartz. Tridymlte: Use A the value calculated from the for mulae for quartz. Amorphous, including natural dlatomaccous earth-------------- air, as determined by the method pre scribed in paragraph (e) of this section. (2) Standard effective July 1, 1976. The 8-hour time-weighted average air borne concentrations of asbestos fibers 20 SOmg/M1 to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed two fibers, longer than %SiPj 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of Silicates (less than i% crys talline silica): ,, Mica- --................................-- 20 Soapstone........................................ Talc(non-asbestos-form).., 20" Talc (fibrous). Use asbestos limit............ .............. Tremollte (see talc, fibrous) Portland cement.................... 50 Graphite (natural)................... 15 Coal dust (respirable fraction less thans% SlOj)....................................... For more than 5% 81 Oz................................ 2 2.4mg/M> or 10mg/Ms air, as determined by the method pre scribed in paragraph (e) of this section. (3) Ceiling concentration. No em ployee shall be exposed at any time to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of 10 fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air, as determined by the method pre scribed in paragraph <e> of this section. (c) Methods of compliance--(1) En gineering methods, (i) Engineering con Inert or Nuisance Dust: Respirable fraction... Total dust.................... %SIOj+2 15 8tng/M 60 16mg/Jl' trols. Engineering controls, such as, but not limited to, isolation, enclosure, ex haust ventilation, and dust collection, shall be used to meet the exposure limits Note: Conversion factors-- mppcfX353"milliou particles per cubic meter "particles per c.c. Millions of particles per cubic foot of air, based on Lmpinger samples counted by light-field technics. I The percentage of crystalline silica in the formula Is the amount determined from air-borne samples, ex cept In those instances in which other methods havo been shown to be applicable. J As determined by the membrane filter method at (30xphasc contrast magnification. n Both concentration and percent quartz for the appli cation of this limit are to be determined from the fraction passing a size-selector with the following characteristics: "Containing < 1% quartz; If > 1% quartz, use quartz limit. prescribed in paragraph' (b) of this section. (ii) Local exhaust ventilation, (a) Local exhaust ventilation and dust col lection systems shall be designed, con structed, installed, and maintained in accordance with the American National v Standard Fundamentals Governing the ' Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, ANSI Z9.2-1971, which is in corporated by reference herein. (b) See 5 1910.6 concerning the avail Aerodynamic diameter (unit deusity sphere) Percent passing selector ability of ANSI Z9.2-1971, and the maintenance of a historic file In connec tion therewith. The address of the Amer 2 90 ican National Standards Institute is 2.5 75 given in 1910.100. 3.5 150 .0 50 205 (iil) Particular tools. All hand-op erated and power-operated tools which may produce or release asbestos fibers The measurements under this note refer to the use of an AKC Instrument, ff tho respirable fraction of coal dustisdetermined with SURE the figure corresponding to that of 2.-t Mg/.\f!in the table for coal dustis4 5 i\fg/,M> 1910.93a Asbestos. (a) Definitions. For tlie purpose of in excess of the exposure limits pre scribed in paragraph (b) of this section, such as. but not limited to, saws, scorers, abrasive wheels, and drills, shall be pro vided with local exhaust ventilation sys tems in accordance with subdivision (ii) this section, (1) "Asbestos" includes of this subparagraph. chrysotile, amosite, cracidolite, tremo- (2) Work practices--(i) Wet methods. lite, anthophyllite, and actinolite. Insofar as practicable, asbestos shall be 120 5-30 1,1*1*7? y BIRD 015471 BIRD 015472 Tarlk 0-3--Mineral Dusts Substance Mppcf* Mg/M5 Milieu: Crystalline: Oimru (respirable)................ '.*50 t lflnig/M* %8lOi+5 QunrU (total dust)................................. CrlMohallte: Use Yi the vnluo calculated tram 11in count or mass formulae for quartz. Tndymite: Uso H tho vatuo calculated from die for mulae for quartz. Amorphous, including natural dialomuccous earth........... %SiOs+2 JJUmg/M* %SsO,+2 %SlOj Silicates (less than 1% crys talline silica): Mica......................................... Soapstone............................... Talc......................................... Portland cement.................. Ornphitn (natural)................... Coal Unit (respirable fraction less than 5% StO:)................ For mure than 5% SlO*........... Inert or Nuisanco Dust: Respirable fraction... Total dust................ . 20 20 20 SO 13 2.4mg/M3 or lOmg/M* %SiOH-2 5103 6mg/M3 !5mg/M Note: Conversion factors-- mPi>cfX36.3-inilliDn particle? per cubic meter "particles per c.c. * Millions of particlos per cubic foot of air, hosed on Implngor samples counted by light-field technics. f The fwreemago of crystalline silica In the formula Is the amount, dutermlncd from alr-baruo samples, ex cept in Lliose instances in which other methods have been shown to be applicable. * As determined by tho membrone filter method at iJOxphase contrast magnification. " Both concentration and percent quartz for tho appli cation of tills limit are to be determined from the fraction passing a size-selector with the following characteristics: Annulynmniu diameter (unit density sphere) j 2.5 3.5 5.0 10 Percent passing selector B0 75 50 25 0 The measurements under this note refer to the u?e of an ABC instrument. U the respirable fraction of coal dost Is determined with a MIVE tho figure corresponding to that of 2.4 Mg/M* in the table for coal dust ia4.6 Mg/M*. [36 F.R. 15101, Aug. 13, 1071, as amended at 36 F.R. 23208, Dec. 7,19711 g 1910.93a Asbestos dust. (a) The 8-hour time-weighted aver age airborne concentration of asbestos dust to which employees are exposed shall not exceed 5 fibers nm milliliter greater than 5 microns in Hh, as de termined by the memogPce filter method at 400-450 x magnification (4 millimeter objective) phase contrast illumination. Concentrations above 5 fibers per milliliter but, not to exceed 10 fibers per milliliter, may be permitted up to a total of 15 minutes in an hour for up to 5 hours in an 8-hour day. (b) Engineering methods, such as but not limited to, enclosure, vacuum sweep ing, and local exhaust ventilation, shall be used to meet the exposure limits pre scribed in paragraph (a) of this section. Where such engineering methods are not feasible, or do not otherwise reduce the concentrations below those prescribed in paragraph (a) of this section, respira tory protective devices shall be provided and used in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section. (c) (1) (i) When the limits of ex posure to asbestos dust prescribed in paragraph (a) of this section are ex ceeded and when engineering controls required by paragraph (b) of this section are not feasible or do not otherwise re duce the concentration of asbestos dust below those prescribed in paragraph (a) of this section, the employer shall re quire the use of respiratory protective de vices. The selection of respiratory protective devices shall be limited to those specified in the remaining sub paragraphs of this paragraph (c). (il) The employer shall require that each employee test his respiratory pro tective device before each use in order to insure a proper fit according to the manufacturer's instructions. The em ployer shall further provide for effective training or supervision of employees in the testing of respiratory protective de vices for fit before their use. (2) For an atmosphere containing not more than 25 fibers per milliliter greater than 5 microns in length over an 8-hour average, or more than 50 fibers per milli liter over any period of 15 minutes, a reusable or single-use filter type respira tor, operating with negative pressure during the inhalation phase of breathing, approved by the TT.S. Bureau of Mines under the provisions of 30 CFR Part 14 (Bureau of Mines Schedule 21B), or a valveless respirator providing equivalent protection, shall be used. (_ (3) For an atmosphere containing not more than 250 fibers per millilter greater than 5 microns in length over an 8-hour average, or more than 500 fibers per 196 l,f47jL 191^^4 Ventilation. milliliter over any period of 15 minutes, a powered filter positive pressure res (a ^^k-asive blasting-- pirator approved by the U.8. Bureau of ttons^^licable to this pa> Minos under the provisions of 30 CFR Abrasive. A solid substano Part 14 (Bureau of Mines Schedule 21B) abrasive blasting opeiatioi shall be used. (4) For an atmosphere containing (ii) Abrasive-blasting r continuous flow air-line re more than 250 fibers per milliliter structed so that it will cove greater than 5 microns in length over head, neck, and shoulders t an 8-hour average a type C positive pres from rebounding abrasive. sure supplied-air respirator approved oy (iii) Blast cleaning barn the TJ.S. Bureau of Mines under the pro enclosure which rotates o visions of 30 CFR Part 12 (Bureau of which has an internal mo Mines Schedule 19B) shall be used. tumble the parts, in order t (5) The employer shall establish a ous surfaces of the parts tc respirator program in accordance with the requirements of American National an automatic blast spray. (iv) Blast cleaning rooi. Standard Practice for Respiratory Pro enclosure In which blasti tection Z88.2--1959. (6) The respirators provided each em ployee shall be properly Inspected, are performed and where works inside of the room i blasting nozzle and direct t cleaned, repaired and stored. (d) (1) When an employer has em ployees who are exposed to asbestos dust exceeding the limits prescribed in para graph (a) of this section and the ex posure results from the operations de scribed in the remaining subparagraphs of this paragraph (d), the employer 6hall comply with the requirements of these subparagraphs relating to the operations involved. The requirements of this para graph are in addition to those prescribed abrasive, material. (v) Blasting cabinet. where the operator stand operates the blasting nozs opening or openings in tfc (vi) Cleon oir. Air of su it will not cause harm or di individual if it is inhaled periods of time. (vii) Bust collector. A < bination of devices for si from the air handled t in paragraph (b) of this section. (2) All hand- or power-operated tools which produce asbestos dust such as, but not limited to, saws, scorers, abrasive wheels, and drills shall be provided with local exhaust ventilation and dust col lectors in accordance with the American National Standard Fundamentals Gov erning the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems; ANSI Z9.2--1971. (3) Employees exposed to the spraying of asbestos or the demolition of pipes, structures, or equipment covered or in sulated with asbestos shall be provided with respiratory protective devices in ventilation system. (viii) Exhaust ventilat system for removing cor from a space, comprisini of the following elements or hood, (b) duct work, 0 ing equipment, (d) exha discharge stack. (ix) Particulate-filter air purifying respirator, ferred to as a dust or a f which removes most of tl from the air passing tore (x) Respirable dust. A sizes capable of passing t accordance with paragraph (c)(4) of per respiratory system lower lung passages. this section. (e) Asbestos cement, mortar, coatings, grout, and plaster shall be mixed in closed bags or other containers. (f) Asbestos waste and scrap shall be collected and disposed of in sealed bags or other containers. (g) All cleanup of asbestos dust and blowing shall be performed by vacuum cleaners. No dry sweeping shall be per (xi) Rotary blast clet enclosure where the piec are positioned on a rotati passed automatically thr blast sprays. (xil) Abrusiue blastin application of an abrasi by pneumatic pressure, sure, or centrifugal tore (2) Bust hazards frau formed. ing. (l) Abrasives ar [86 PB. 23208, Deo. 7,19711 197 BIRD 015467