Document g2V420kvZ6vvv9jLw229DQDZe

r j s * s* v v \ 4 1 V'iUlO i TO ' . f ^8 23 1967 (y 'D.V.N, Hardy, london 21st February, I967 . Sweden, Aroclor . , DVLR/aRW Dr. H. 1-kimet Kelly, St. Louis rc x>. Wood, Brussels G.R, Buchanan, St. Louia J. filer, Brussels E, Wilde, St. Louis. . Re your memo of February 10th 19&7 addressed to D. Wood, I an following up your request for information concerning the work at Monks V/ood J./xpcrii/icntal Station and at the Laboratory of the Government Chemist. l.'e think that all thiB work is comparatively recent, and I cite below two recent communications from the latter. 1. "Qrganochlorine Pesticides in the Atmospheric Environment" by T.C. Abbot, R.B. Harrison, J.O'G. Tatton and J. Thompson, Nature 08, 25.i2.i985 No, 5017 P- 1517-0. 2. "Orgur.ochlorine Pecticidea in the Atmosphere" by D.C. Abbot, R.B. Harrison, J.O'G. Tatton and J. Thompson, Nature 211, ' 16.7.1958 No. 5046, p,259-261. . ' Photostat copies of these are attached for your convenience, ` I have also been in touch with Kr. Richardson of Shell, to whom 1 supplied tho samples of pure Aroclor components, and he reports that the characteristics of the unknown material in the organochlorine residues are quite different, from those of any of the chlorinated \ biphenyls 1 submitted to him. Ke also said that he is carrying out . r-eitbolic experir.er.ts on fowls and that the chlorinated biphenyls j appear substantially unchanged in the egg. X told him that Jensen i has been asking for pure samples of Aroclor constituents, and we came ' to the conclusion that Jensen must therefore have jumped tho gun in blaming chlorinated biphenyls. -Richardson is going to eee Jensen : around March 2nd and they will diecusa tho position and Richardson's latest results. 'Ihe situation will bo reported to me on Richardson's I return and X will pass it on directly to you. l/b'f- 3D.T.N. fctPY EXHIBIT WBPM-10 HONS Q9**9* TOWOLDMON0003194 WATER_PCB-00000216 *0. *4* July 10. I9CG NATURE 259 ORGANOCHLOR1NE PESTICIDES IN THE ATMOSPHERE By Du. O, C. ABBOTT. R. B. HARRISON. J. 0*G. TATTON and Dr. J. THOMSON . Uborsrary of tin Government Cherniu. Cornwall Home. Stamford Street. London. S.E.I Tilt: problem* introduced by tlto pollution of our atmo spheric environment Imvo boon concerned hugely with dioiio pollnlnuis tho effect* ant) pivsuijcu of which nlo readily demonstrated, for o.\m;ilo, onto,;, sulphur dioxide', sooty materiel* <u.<l du.->i. Mora recently, munition line been direct-oil to tlio polynuclear hydrocarbons*'*, al though their proxctico in ivir is by no 111vena solely of modern origin. ltcci-ul publication* linroglrm ovidcnco for tlio prosouco wax loo volatile, but dimclhyUbrntamido proved to be a suitable, f,on-vo!nli!o extractant. PlxnuiiuAtioit of tho separate contents of a sequential tenia of four solvent lra|M allowed that Hourly alt Uin Jicvllciilo content * retained la tho fust voxsut. Attempts have also boon nnido to ascertain whether tlto pesticides proMmt wero in tlio vapour state or tit ttviocinuoii with tho porticuloto nioltor of tho air. Interposing bacteriological ntciabrauo fillers {pore tiro 0-22 (i) bettvoon tho nir inlot and tho solvent of somo orgmiocLIoriiio pesticides in rainwater1-*. It trap showed that vnriablo proportions of tho pesticide* has boon* suggested* that tho rniutilo traces found nrosa w-oro retained on tlio filler. Tho amount retained, hotvover, from tho "scrubbing' action of tlto falling rain on tho oir loaded to rooch an equilibrium valuo, indicating that tho through tvhiclt it piinsod. in a niamier analogous to tlio compounds wore volatilizing again from tho filter into tho collodion of tlio inorganic conUituonti of rainwater*. nir stream. Similar effect* hnvo bcon observed with aomo Tlio prcxonl w ork describes tlio experiments wiiiclt lutvo been carried out to ascertain tlio extent to which thc&o orguuoclilorlno compounds erg present in tho fttniosphoro. Pesticide! corujonnds may onUr tlio atmospheric environment in snvorol ways and in voriouo physical polynucloar hydrocarbons*. Thus,' although tho use of membrano filters offers a eimplo qualitative tost for pesticides in air, quantitative rosults con Only bo obtained by solvent scrubbing procedures. rentes. Direct drift frotn spraying operations wilt con tribute particulate or globular mutter at concentrations which aro likely to vary inversely ns tlto tlintunco from tlto sito of application.'such offccts boing rnninty local but possibly appreciable in extent. It has boon shown*-* _ r* * . *<Kvi*t #HON| * that several orgunochlorjno iusocticidcs volatilize from treated soils, Urns adding a slow, long-term contvibutionKflluoitts and vapours from industrial processes, such as posticido maniifacUuo or moth-proofing of gartaonts, .& toc . r. & ooc may also contribute, wbilo further qinntitio* may accrue from tho tiro of domestic aerosol insecticide* and thermal vaporizers, and tho dust from treated clothing and enrpots. * \Vhoatloy and Jlrirdnuin* oxarainod rainwater for trocro; & cor i * C*001 of pesticides ill order to try to account for rcsiduos found in soil from untreated plots of land- Tho amounts which they found wore insufficient to account for moro than a very small proportion of tho pesticides present in such soil. Although (ho concentration of these compounds in air is lower by a factor in the rongo of 10-100 than that in rainwater, tho vastly greeter volumes of air may rondor *<c (gjs 0 HCOPtAOCXHiOCl Ofl "9 4 - $ ' l ' 0<U0niN this contribution of grantor significance. As \voll as tho normal, constantly changing contact tot* con air end soil, tho nines of air in surface soil may nllor by up to 5 per coot owing to diurnal variations in temperature.' Patti- ** . * cidao tuny tints bo absorbed by tho soil acting as a gas- solid chnouuitographio `column* as well ns by direct surfeco adsorption mechanisms. Assuming a tendency to oquili-. britlnt, treated soils trill loso pesticides tvltilo untreated plots will gain them. . Kif. 1. TMn-l*r<r Awoimloi.hu Preliminary experiments to illustrato tho prcsoiieo of pesticides in air wero carried out by using a small portable Metropolitan air was samplod by suction at about consta.it-rote air-sampler which wos usod to suck air 15 l-/min through K30 ml. of ditnolhylformamido con through a lioxano trap. Although this tnothod gvo a tained in A Ercchsol bottlo fitted with a coarso sinter at total sample ofonly about 1601. of alrpor powor-canistof, tho inlot to tho solvent to onsuro adoqualo diffusion. gas-liquid cliromntography showed tho prououco of traces Dispersion of tlio solvent in 600 ml- of 5 per cent sodium of B11C. DDT, DDK, TDK and ciloldnii in samples taken- sulphato solution followed by hcxnno extraction yielded in central London ond its suburbs. Dialdrin alono was- a clean solution which, after ovnporntion to small bulk, obsorved inn tamplo takon in Norfolk, whilo Aberystwyth was applied to a 250 ji silica-gel chromatoplalu. This air gave no detoctaole amounts ofpcsticido at this snmplo air.e. It was cloar from thoso preliminary observation* tlmt ait analytical problem existed and that largor sample* would bo required 1-ofore reliable data could bo obtained. Accordir.gly, an electrically operated vacuum pump capable of drawing 15 I. ofnir per min for long periods of was developed witli aoximo : ecetone, 00 -f- l. for 3.* min and appropriate fraotiona eluted w-ith liexioH for exami nation by gas-liquid ciiromatography on both si'.iconn and 'Apiaton* column* with olectron-cnpturo delecliou". P'ig. ] show* tlto position* oa tho thin-layor pi.do of tho. moro important orgnuocidorino pesticides and indi limo was brought into uso. At this rate of flow lioxano cate* tho arooa contoiuiug tlio residues which wero ro. ' MON-MT-008554 EXHIBIT wbpm-Id.i ^|H TOWOLDMON0003195 WATER_PCB-00000217 \ nature July 16. 1966 Vn. a<< moved for e.wHiiiiwuiou. l-'igs, 2--t ilioscriito giis-cliromntograph Intros obtainod from some of theso nmas; pooka eoiiivpojiiliug 10 known proticidol nlntnrinla oro mnrkod-- tlio oi'bpr poults liavo not boon positively iilontiliod ns yot. Tho nppoaraiico of <v peak ot tho appropriato rolonlion (into on t'o cltromntograpliici columns ofdiffering polarity on injecting tho clunio from tho chromciloplnto nron of convex Hr voluo for tlm com(xnm<l concomort lias boon token os evidence of tho .identity of tho compounds. ToUlo I lists tho quantities of pesticides found on oxiuni- notion of 8,000 1. of nir tnl<on on tho rooC of Cornwell liyilrocarbons ncoiiaplitliylono (Zip 0-d7), aiitb: ucr,,,,(0-67), fluoranlhoiio (0-67) and fluorono (0-70). Itoti-ntion times on both columns conlirrnod tboto identities; il.cu substances aro known to bo among tho polynuclear hydrocarbon ingredients of atroonphorio dusts'-". Tho throo poults of iongost retention times oblafntd from section 1 of tho chromntoptnto (l-'ig. 2) would seem to. result from compounds tho behaviour of which on the pinto and on each column is identical with that shown by tho compounds giving tho flrat threo of a series of unidenti fied poolu> often found in chromatograms of oxtrocts from House in August, 1003. Tho presonco of nlplm-BHC, gemma-UMC, dieldi-in (1115013), pp'-TfDK, ji;>'.TI)T, mid jip'.DPT wns confirmed ns olroudy described; substantial ilgreoinont between quontiUitivo results on both columns confirmed tho absence of any npprocinlila amount of iutorforing non-posticidal materiel of similar retention tirno. - . . .. ' Tibs. 1,'OnoASoeiiLonisi: J-cvncton rooso is tssees Ain' . . Jlr ransi-of Continuation foun-1 (fun* per . Coutpound ikoumil'Ulmci 10- a/-- ) by eliiojunto- ' - rmpliy on . . , (u) Sllltoiit ,301 tb)lApfra.nX. . AlplM-UUC ' 0'37-0-IS 1 3 Osmnivliiro OhlJcIc(U1.0l>) . 0-57-0-30 0 17-0-30 t ts - ; It. ji Pf' lWF. - j>/.i*nr OJt-081 o-ti-ooi - . T 3* pjV-TDF. 0-31-0)0 3 3 SHicn-pcI tliromWojiUto davdoprd with hf-juno: A<vloiiv\ 0C 11. Silicone column: 1-3 prr cent Ailirouo /7J101 plu* 0-13 per cool "Kplkols loot* on Cliruntoiurb O' (30-80 lucsti) it Its* C: lutrooen cauier c,s. loo ml./iula. - 'A M<`k>s" col,-on: 3 per cam *ApIcr-oa Zr' plus 0-3 percent `/SplJcotu jooi* on wliii H'/ (100-130 nuiti) it ISO* C; nluiuoi turitr fit, 100 irj./nilr. i1 Grout core mutt bo token in tho iutorprotation of tho gas-licuid chromatograms obtainod from air samplos. Kvon aftor tho thin-inyor eeporotion process used, each fraction from tho plate contained sovoral' peaks of un identified materials shoeing oloction-capluring proportios. Sonia of tho short-rotontion timo pottles (l''ig. 3) corre sponding to oocl ion 2 of tho cliroiiiatoplftto (/ip 0-o-l-O-CO) have boon tontativoly idontifiod so tho polynucloof 1'fg, S. Oii-ltqutO cliroate)gro<m*ukflroopsUtUicoiliia 2 of tin' ihia-Ioyer 2 0i-U<)uU cifOfUkt*^fAm from tccUen 1 *f 0*o (hlntnvcr ' - thtoiustopMi * 7ltf. 4. 0*llquW Kr/vmAlo;ratu from uctlou & cf lh ihJaliytr ^ throruAtojtUU MON-MT-008555 tr r TOWOLDMON0003196 WATER_PCB-00000218 no. July IG, ) 9GO NAT u R 201 llw tiibUO mid cggi of cotvio predatory bird*. Tlv>iv con- '" Confirmation of tl>o irlemity of tiioto residues by oilier conlration* relative to oach other in theso t\ro cnmplo ' molhods such ns infra-rod spectroscopy or mass tpcctro- nourcoa ori) also closely similar. Total chloriuo determina motry would also bo desirable, although far larger sample# tions on avian tissuo samples hnvo iuriicntoil that tlicso would bo required in order to obtain sufacirnt material compound* contain chlorine, and bocanso they aro only in ft tuitably pure stato. It would oho bo of interest to found in samples containing appreciable residue* they aro compare tho lovols found in London with those found in probably breakdown products of organocblorino pesti Other parts of tho country; seasonal variation and cor cides. . relation with other indices of atmospheric pollution Tho ovidonco presented boro and from rainwater.. would also bo worth investigation. In theso ways it may examination*'* indicates tho general occurrence In tho bo porisiblo to obtain somo indication as to whelhor tho atmosphere of minnlo traces of somo of tho peroistont poslicidcs derive from within tho shorts of tho British orgartocbloriiio pesticides. Such compounds have also Isles or from furtlior ofiold. . . boon found hi samples of air laltf-n ihiriiig tho .preying season in American pouch-orchard uisiricca1*. Tho concentrations of there residues aro to low that it is * A.y|rfil, J!., Surge/, T, W.. Ellirn, W, C. n rfrf, 1. p,, A tl. CArrt,. OS. <07 (tS(l). *Ubtr(l. A..CorlonI.C. Cm.UjU, V., J. CAr*mat<`j.,tS,Ul <16<*)- necessary to work almost at the limit of sensitivity of tho * tavrldrt, Mtder, J, end Morgan, M. J., Intuit. J. A it H'sttr /'eh., detection systems'at present in uo. Tor this reason, t. SOI (lOM). * Wlirallry, o. A., lot Jlfwdnun. 3. A., A*./arr,*07, <86 <1965). scrupulous enro is necessary in order to ftvoid contamina * Xl-I-Mt, )>. C., ll.irrhon, TL I>,( TftUoo, J. O'O.. slid Tlionuoa, 3.. Fahrt, tion at each manipulative stage, from tho initial,apparatus 308. 10)7 lWi). preparation to tho final injection on to tho gas chromato * Egan. U..I>t9in. 0., tnS Jol,\rwn, O.. A nut. Agrit. Coll. 5r<S<.?2, . 309 (1066). . I graph. ltlonh experiments must bo performed at each ' IXc'rtr, O. C., Welnmnnn, C. J., sbO Dunn, 3. V., 3. Emi. Eatamet., 43, * stago and on alt materials used. Particular care is required 010 (lO.' O). . to oxcludo laboratory duel, for it is found that it is frequently a carrier of interfering electron-capturing * MmiIi. C. IL,nn<l LlcliUn.trln, E. P,, 3. Eton. /Uomot.. SI, 1038 (1004}. * ftowll., J)., luttin. J.Ait Wata /'all., 0, 113 (1060). llsrrlKS, ft. ft., J. Set. Faai Aftk., 17, 16 (1008). materials. . I -: ' " Wi^erl lUy (tier, M. 7., Egan, It., asO 3loloro. 7., Analyri, SO, 367 <1660. .Although tho lovolc concernod arp oxtromoly low, thoso indications of tho prosenco in oir of organochlorino poslicidcs call for further ami moro doisiled invostigation. * Cantuli, V., Cutout, 0. Xiteltl, A., and Torrl, A, 0., J. CAriMT<y., 37.00(1660). . " JllcldtnWch. A. W,, Arch, Emir. DnM.10. 877 (1906). HORMONES OF THE VERTEBRATE HOST CONTROLLING' OVARIAN' REGRESSION AND COPULATION OF THE RABBIT FLEA . By the Hon. MIRIAM ROTHSCHILD and BOB FORD ' - .Alston, Peterborough . . . 1v Xnturo, tho rabbit flea (Spilopet/llva cunt cuti Palo) flo and not inclirocUy by way of tho host. Poring tho only undergoes maturation on tho healthy host during early logos of tho investigation, it vus thought that. tho tho last 10 days of tho doo'e pregnancy, or on nestlings rise and fall of tho corticostorolddcvote in tho Wowl of tho 1-7 days old. Soon after tho young rabbit* aro barn, host, ml, to a lessor degreo, in lho levels of oestrogen* tho fleas transfer to tho nestlings, on which thoy food <md thyroxine during pregnancy, were euAlcicnt to account avidly and pair: egg-laying on tho body of tho young and for both maturation and regression. Thus tho increased in tho nest follows*-*, Between 8 and 22 {nvorago 11) days dcftK'CAlion role, which indicated an increased flow of Inter, the fleas abandon tho young rabbits and return to blood through tho body cf tlio flea in re*jf>oniO to the r*ve the Inclining doo. Any grovid fleft* which remain on tho don after parturition, or oro still grovid wlu-n thoy return to tb Wtotlug doe, vc;(rcao 'rapidly onrl tho developing oocytes ore resorbeil*. If. ut a Inter date, tlio doo lias a mvoml pregnancy, theso liens uro capable of undergoing (natural ion for a aocoud timo*. . It was shown previously* that ono of lho principal group* of hormones govoming maturation was tho corti costeroids under tho oonlrol of adronocorticotrophio lionno/io (ACTH), whiio tho oostrogens (and. to a lessor degreo, thyroxine) ptayod an important contributory in lionnono-lcvol, automatically ensured that farmer amounia of both hormono fid food were available to lho parasite*. Conversely, a fall in tlio hontiono lovola cut tloun tho dcfnccsit-ion rnto (Tnblo 2) and lho amount of bloody|iasjmg through tho body of lho flea, thus further* reducing the mount of vailublo hormone ml nutrirnt matoeial. Reduction in food iixtnho nlouo dor not account for tho rapid regression of tho ovaries of flecn fcodiug on tho postpartum or oestroua doo; grivvid Hen removed from tho host and complotoly starved do not part in development and ogg-laying. It is proboblo that * Ttls I. Movtxrj'T or Fisas enreer I>ot aw yrsn>iKos prolactin is a subsidiary factor in maintaining ami pro Toui>o.oriitter*otsemd . 40 moting maturation on tho nestling rabbits. 2ho experi. mentK described horo indicato that lutoini7.ing hormono (f.H) and tho progestins aro two of tho principal factors govcrni/ig ovarian regression and that 60nmtotropin (growth hormone), also secreted by tho anterior lobo of tho pituitary gland, eoiestitutes ono oftho major "copula, lion factors". . linrlior, it was clnimod*-* that not only' fleas feeding on 6ucf7fqUuict I vhlch At lAt aooia reung rv|vi )0 <Uyi or longer .n tffuiKccfefulUUcn: a114ca4 <6) tom (lead IS (K of dnc Ultcrt tarn Oaring wJMer monOu) Ko, cf Utters 1ft Xvhlc'l mi Cf ill Ao.M tMtufened (iom ^oilrniuw <]< tohA*taf iHuttint:# . * S) (p Uu tn wiikU wc/o Kmovcit tj- or# oot IficluOtU) 5Co. flitter* tn wWcti no ftent IrActfcrred <14 vt'cro winter iittcu) 19 buck r.ibV.tn injected with cortisone, coriicostcrono or hydrovortwo.'.o, but oW ficus sprayed externally with theso honaor.es, matured their eggs and displayed tho Xo. of liVttfAio wIOeh nil Scat tnmfcrreJ to acUn;# or wVl lfr\n Xo. of In nrnl before returning to <J<M {iurt^o 8-22) 11 Avcairc liitx* faiprnx.Uor trAUifcrfrom deo to voun/ After oatlanllen <f in;c 10 iolCU h) . t-4 U vitrlou* chiviYici-crLsvicd associated with maturation.* It Day cn which Sm of F* gerwMtloc rtl tmcr^ol from p*i^a WM thus tthown that tho hormone clod diroctly on tho >llAfcnoyc3C0dl'tAOj,dAV* *- `. ` MON-MT-008556 j ii I XT' r TOWOLDMON0003197 WATER_PCB-00000219 > no. co17 December 25, 19u NATURE ) 1317 M>lo i. Con-iam, or tiii: tnv,:x I'ovAiies ou M,o use CO.. Tub Vtct i.inoNi* vtiiui; Kinc na i:imii Nivun m ex wmm to ovinia 61H1HU llimus *tsi ivn Lour.u I'acssiuiM Ciuut, 31 #0 CO. * k S% / 0 n ^>i I*3v'05,mUk J0*i# n !* i'22tiy|.*T* \(r" u* 0-6 ` iOiJPl lK J0 ' 10*M 7-744*1*.'* * K-4' * to" 2*r2v;743nl0*# lit tho United States, tlio Proidot' Scieuco Advisory Committee drew attention to tho fact that iuUaluvion of air coiitnminr.tod with posticido* might present a lraauird to man' and recommended that air tliould bo cont iuiiounly monitored for pcaticido residue level*. In lOa.t, nu Advisory Cainmittco of tho United Stato* Food tuul Pl ug AdniinUtration rofemvl to ntuilios which showed the presence of uj> to 0-07fi p.p.m. of dicidriu in toml diets* Tlio values of t)iocoii*tiiiit.sof Table wore calculated by and considered tho powubtiSty timt half o* much again tho given form of t!m equation which, ofcourso, in only could bo ulviorbed from **uir or olhor exposures". nn uppioxitnalo ona on onvornl ground*. Wo will n'wny. J.if th* pructical work seems to luivo been wndertAlsen to bo forced to it#o approximate expressions for such com dotermiuo postioido rosiduus in tho ntmosphurio environ plicated in'ocesact of ahorl-r.tiiga molecular forces, tho values of tin* coinuniiis being dependent tlicwfure not only on tlio conceptual Approximation of tho problem,' ment. but ill tlio United Kingdom, Whoatley and Hardmail* r.woi.tly reported luilicatloa* of tho pio.cneu of org.niochlorino insecticidos in rnin-wator colloctod in an . and oven on tlio selected points of t]io liquid Unto used agricultural aroa At Wolloslrourno in Vnrwioksldro. Steps for tho calculation, but *Uo on tbo scloct ott form ofsimplifi- vor* thoroforo taken at this Laboratory to oxamino ruin- cnlioil, , ' water collected in tho Metropolitan aroa. Tiio position of tlio point* on tho ONpcrimotital otivves Two collecting stations wore set uj> in Control London, used lor tho o.ilculation of tlio constants (Fig. 1) leave* no Ono being oa tho roof of tho Laboratory oftho Covornmont doubt that tlio oqunUon. give* good to excellent results Ciiomist in Lomboth, S.E.I, and approximatoly 20 in .for tbrxo liroad rmijjtm of liquid stator. This surprising ftbovo grouud-lovcl. Tho othor was set up, with tho co fact mourn, that tlio given relatively aitnplo throo-tccnl.. oporalion of tho Jloloorolegical Ofiico, at tho Ixmdon equal ion, in comparison with tlio tao coiistout--two- 1 Wonthor Centro's station on tlio toof of Stato I louse, term nnil ovon tho moro complicated formulae nioutloncd High Ifelborn, W.C.l, somo 53 rn abovo ground-level hero, sneim to contain >on,o appropriate now step 0* to . amt about I tJ km distant from tlio othor station, across of]nation* of Unto. Also tlio oalcnlntod point* of tho ` tho Itivor U'haniCJ. At thc*o two station*, rein was col tot united vapour stnte, obtained, of course, with tho ' ioctod in all-gins* apparntu*, with niiibor-eotourcdreceiving some constants, are fnvouraWo or accoptnblo ones; thi* is . vossols to rcduco tno incidouco of photoclioniical dograda- especially *o when it is taken into account that this is only . tion*. Samples woro reniovod monthly for examination. the first ttago in a now direction. Tho "rented divcrgonco Tho orgiuioolilorino pesticide* in tho water woro dolorm- of tho calculated pressure value* is about 10 per cent for inod by a gns*liquid chromatographic method using water oral about 20 per cent for c.rbon uioxicio near tho oloctron-enpturo detootion and tilicono and 'Apiorou' critical point, generally rapidly tlvcroasiii". at. groutor . columns n described by do l'auliert Mnnmlcr tl of.*. Tho vapour volumes, nul fmaliy scarcely'differing from tho limits of daloclionby this niolliod woro 5 parts permiliion- experimental data. Tho tamo orpin!ion, evidently, can ' million for tho isomers of bonzono hoxuohloride (BHC) represent the corresponding volunio values of. liquids villi , and 10 parts por million-million for tho othor organo. considerably increased precision. oiilorinc postioidos in gonornt uso in tho United Kingdom. fjjio essentially increased applicability of tho formula pbntvtl hero give* tho impression that tho modifications - Tho results for tho months of February to July I0C5, oxpressod in parts por million-million, nre given in Tnbio 1 - orporated cottltl also bo of theoretical significance. Becnuso of tho small amounts of min colloctod and tho Improvements arwl applications of tho solution givon mid low Wots of tho poxt-icidos found, it was not possible to tho possible or probablo theoretical background will 'Confirm tho result* obtained for tho individual samples bo rejorted separately.. by an altorimtivo tochniquo. Jlowovor, at Ihoond of tho I thank l'rof. 1'. H. limmett of tho Johns Hopkins 0 months, tho combinod residue* from cnoli station were University, Baltimore, Maryland, for discussions. 1 also examiiiod by thin-layor chromatography on silica-gol thank tlio I'clroloum Uoscorcli Fund of tho American plates with hexano; ncotono, 00 s 1, ns mobile j)hoo. Chemical Society and tho Cabot Co., Boston, for financial Tho appropriate areas of tho chromatoplntos woro ol u led eopport. and tho soparato olimtes individually ro-injccicd on to tlm ' lowAx Kbjiw* g*s-Iiqui<l ohromntegraph in column*. In this way, tlm Peparfincut of Chemistry. prosonco of dioldrin, pp'-IJDT and tho a- and y-isOmars of Tho J1*1ms Hopkins University, lbdUtnara, Maryland. ftllC wa* oonfirmod for both station*. Tho identity of tho ;//>'.mrf from liotH uvnliou* wu* furtiier confirmed ' On Irnvv ran,i lie hrjnflm''at ,.r l'J.i io of tie llc^iitix'ilti* t'ocuUy ' by converelon to pp'-DDri by tr.*tinnt willi uri.ti)i(uio iff ilk* il'Kihn Allf* UmVfiinJ)*, Hh.ima Aifro, ArATIdlfw, potassium hyilroxico*. 'piwi J.;/-1)1)1: formed by this * Mult, K. K.M YltOrliU, fl. fnJmt. fiaj. Chtm., 67 <3). 30 (JfC5). JU-Uict#, 9., rmtl K^oii?. J, N. Chem. lUv., 44,235 (S9J9). Her, l\ K.* /. Cho*% /*Af,,36. WTJ (U42). * liffiWlot, J>. J\, J. i'tiyt., ?J5 CUW 4 MVil, A., Z, plyiit, C'Arm. (f-djwi*), $7, I (1PHJ, * ronction *v,is itkuitifiod mut dotortnined by g,v*-liijuiil di romat ography. ImufiioiPiit quantitios of tho residue* wore nvnil.ibbi to confirm tho prosonco of Ji-BHC, pp'-TDB and pp'-DDK Org.mochlorine Pesticides ir> tho Atmospheric _ Environment Pcl.tOTlOX of tho environment has long boon a subject of public concern and much attention hn* boon paid recently to tho now ecological factor* introduced by tho vide agricultural usagoof posticiilal chemical*. Contaminalien ofsoil owl crop* has often fanmrori in environmental titiuiic.l of thoso pesticides, but (.0 fur little attention linn b'c(. given to atmospheric pollution, although, a* long ago us l&fil, Harris mid Lichtenstein1 allowed that tho loos by volatilization of ukirln, dieldnii, r.optachlor and gamma* bor.tono l.ex/icaiorido was a major factor in their disappoormico from soils trotted with these compound*. Later, Tabla 1, OsaxxocniealXE rswicinc Jtxsioci: JAV,:, is Xoseos JUIX-KXTI.S (put, per Hiltilon-milllcn) . Otatioa--Cornwall IJou.c, London, fl.lM ..JT>AAFIfulfMeop-antlnryrlS...th.* ** IIC 223M300 3U0(0C 00 31C43Ii01sO00010 <<mUd:oJrtl>u) 60C:6ios0O50- ` 1pj|)*K----72--n00. T,H, Er .,, U W314m7*10035000IT Striilm*--Suio Houtt, ii?;7i Ifnibwo, Lcodort, W.C.l Kinlh KAM/Juuja*n;l*rryov.,'. - . (UmMi.in> 33%?70*u--003Z liUn-O buo C2231O00 - n -- my27*00o 1V6O6 jfi.oi> 2s57I0ot00 M----*--1M--0Z TIC_HOE 2600 1rXH*T 140 60 MON-MT-008557 TOWOLDMON0003198 WATER_PCB-00000220 151$ N ATUHE December 25, 1965 VOL- 200 by .-.Uivur.iivo i.viiniqtn'* oi" to wake an iufra-ml study but involves a soriot of stops which entail tho danger of of any at' tho ivmiUu'o'. degradation in tho rccovory of tho mncromolecuio. ^.uno iuilivi<t>:rtl rnin-wntor samjdo* which bad boon Specifically, singlo-strandcd DXA cannot bo quantitat ively taken batwoon i-optombor Unit nitii January 10i>3 at it recovered without loss of iu high-mqlociilnr character, (iititOmr of other places in tito lirtciMii Inkw wore also bcoauso comploto olutiou occurs only at strongly alknlino examined. Tho collecting sites ranged from Storn.iw.ty pH. Xygaard anil Mali* havo recently described a micro, in tlm Outer Hebridos to Cnmborno in Cornwall, and tlio method for tlio dotvetion of DXA/ltXA hybrido booed on samples allowed residues of orgatioolilorino po-iii'idos in thoir adsorption on mombreno filters of nitrocellulose amount* similar to tUo*o found in London rain-wator. containing material. fiamplos of (now collected in difforont .suburban area* On tlio basis of tho solectivo adsorption of singlo- within 25 km of Loudon gavo similar rosults. Tito strandod DXA on nitrocotluloso fibres ofa corlain nitration site of tlietc other sample*. Mid tlio low IoycU found, drgroo (iho most satisfactory preparation proved to bo Again pfoohidod tho application oCy any confirmatory `Xitrecoir, supplied by tho Sorva Lahernioiios, 1 Initial- icclmiqao to tho imlividiinl samplo*, out by appropriate berg), we havodovolopod a simplomoUiod for tho qitautita- bulking of viio residues it won pot>wblo to coufivnvby thin- tivo separation, in liigh-mofooalnr form, of tho two layer chromatography, tho prosonco, in tho rain-wator components from, a nuoloio acid truxttiro. While RXA and and in tlio (now, of dioldrin, pp'-VOT ond tho and doublo-strandcd DXA (dissolved in 2 x standard snlino Y*ihomor of BHC. citrate (SSC), pH 6*7) pass through such a column (Fig. 1). Tlio lovolt at which thoso postioidos havo boon dotoctcd tingle-stranded DXA is quanlitntivoly rotained. Klution are oxtrcmely low, noor to tho limit* of sensitivity of tho occurs only with vory diluted solutions at pH > 0 (Fig. 2). dolicato oloctron-capturo detection system usod. Strict Tho fact that tlio sodiroontation constant (S,, *- 23-6) of a precaution* woro 'titliort throughout to onswo that no single-stranded DXA from bectcriophago f'> (courtosy of ' fnrtuivonH contamination of kamplo* ox oxtracts occmrod Prof. II. Hoffmann-Borling, Max-Plunck Institut fiir within tlio Luboratoiy. Two unmplos takoh from romoto Modisinischo Forschung, Hoidolborg) remained unchanged nro<tk of fiooil.ind during period* of hoovy ruinfitll thowed (S,, m S3-1) proves that tho molooalo sito is not altered praotieally no rostduo oontont and those rosults suggest during tho adsorption and elution steps. that adventitious contamination of snmplos in tho For tlio isolation of tlio nucleio acids, approximately Laboratory was negligible. . ' 8 x 10* JIoLa colls, cultivated in Hanks's solution with Frosont results suggest that tho atmosphere carries, tho addition of laotalbumin hydrolysate and calf serum, oithor as vapour or by ocohirion on dust partiolcs, small woro washed and gently disintegrated by repeated freeling amounts of tho organochlomio posticido* lA common u*o and thawing; during tho last thawing, doclccyisuiphato in tho United Kingdom and that they aro `scrubbed out* ' tm-buftored. to pH 7 was addod (final concentration by rain and snow. ' 0-3 por coat). Tho resulting viscous solution was diluted Work i* now proceeding to dolorminc tho rosiduo lovols and doprotoinized in tho usual way by treating it twico in air samples, and preliminary results show tho prcscnco with phonol*. Aftor wo-fold procipitation by 67 por cent of organoehlorino posticidcs in tho range of 10-20 ports alcohol, tho nueloio acids were dissolved in 0-1 x SSC, per million.Million. Most of tiioso rosiduos appoar to bo dialysed against SSC, and oontrifugod for 10 min at assooutiod wit]) paniculate matter. Thoso oxporimonts may ovoatuolly make it postiblo to detormino tlio respira *t tory intako by man and to oemparo tho result with his intako from certain foods of known postioido-lovols*. We thank tho Dirootor-Ccncral of tho Meteorological OiTico for permission to quoto from tho London Woathor Centro's records of tho rainfall on tho roof of Stalo House. . T>. C. Abbott R, B. Harrison J. O'G. Tattom . J. Thomson . Laboratory of tho Government Chomist, Cornwall Houso, London, S.E.l. 1 Harris. C. <vl JJtlilo.Irln. E. T: 2. Eevn. 2r,rtwl.. SI. IMS (IDvI). f/viMnsfsfiuvu-rfWOt'Stu,-.i', /wir,it.^.iahcitih. i Set. jtdvi*. CiNM. tU-S. Cownutuml * tlo OUUO* Mihumtcc* X. S,% 3lobure J., J $0* |4T * 1/ftflirnff, /. If., lull, r, 1, And C.iveri>\ I>. Antlyiti 90* M #Abtoft. D. C.. Crosby, K* T, cvd Cong* (ta <uc J,t Fr*c &*c. Anit Ctom, Ftriiit of ike l*fr*iilrni Qrtnnoekloriit* PuticMei, .Appendix 7" <Xt.X*9tO. Icndoa. iwq. -. *'* BlOCl-icMlSTSY ' Separation of Klgh-molaeular Deoxyribonucleic Acid end Ribonucleic Acid So far tliuro has been no roally satisfactory method for tho quantitative sopr.rolion in high-molecular foiTO Of a rrJxturo of DXA and RXA isolated from colls.^ Ti;o proo'diiro basoth on tho diiioront solubility of DXA m.d RXA in salt solutions of varying concentration*-* is quantitatively unsatisfactory, Anothor motliod useschrotAAtographio separation on mothylotod albumin4'*. MON-MT-008558 I ir r TOWOLDMON0003199 WATER_PCB-00000221