Document g2QXQeqNjKnoDVJqExOO8rznq

VOLUME THIRTEEN MARCH, 1943 NUMBER TWC One 0/ the " proojing of army reproofing "* l'ermm '^\7been ? * the m0"`U <`il pacfcaging *c,d rflt,or,s leai Lead-Clad Plywood Provides Ease of Installation for X-Ray Shielding NEW development to simplify the lead to the plywood is In the use A the application of lead shield of a newly developed latex cement ing to X-ray photography and fluowroh ich makes a permanent elastic scopy rooms is lead-clad plywood bond. However, the use of this ce which is now available from stock in ment is restricted to materials which the standard plywood sizes. are destined for use by the armed The sheets of lead-clad plywood services or in vital war plants which can be cut to size with an ordinary are entitled to high priority ratings carpenter's saw and secured to new so the producers have also developed or existing walls or ceilings with nails a casein cement process which pro or screws at the edges of the sheets. duces similar results. In the casein The joints are then covered with lead- cemented type a fabric insert is used clad battens which in turn are held to provide elasticity and improve the by lead-headed nails. Any intermedi bond beween lead and plywood. ate fastening is also done with lead Sheet lead, generally 1 16-in. thick, headed nails and thus a continuous is rolled onto the cement coated ply barrier of high density material is wood and then subjected to pressure provided. until the adhesive is thoroughly set. The lead is firmly bonded to the The 1. 16-in. thickness of lead is plywood which makes possible its ap slightly greater than 1.5 mm. which plication in relatively large units. is indicated as being minimum thick The finish is smooth and permits a ness of lead which will give adequate trim and workmanlike finish which protection against X-rays generated can then be painted so that the room bv voltages not in excess of 100 k\ . may be as pleasant and presentable according to the table published in as any other working space. LEAD. July. 1942, and taken from The preferred method of bonding the booklet "X-ray Protection'' pub X-Ray shielding material ol leadclad plywood and battens lished by the National Bureau of Standards. U. S. Department of Com merce. The description of the lead-clad ply wood called `\Andelco" is furnished by the manufacturer of the product. Andel & Company, Inc. of Chicago. The same company also manufactures and carries in stock standardized X-ray operators observation window; of kalamein construction, complete, glazed with approved lead glass for use with all types of lead linings. Housing Project Planners Directed to Use Most Available Materials l a r if ic a t io n of policy in C the selection of plumbing ma terials to be used on proposed Federal Public Housing Authority projects is provided by Technical Bulletin No. 2. Standards for Temporary War Housing, Part V, Plumbing, issued in January, 1943, as follows: "2. Where standard specifications indicate the alternate use of two or more materials, the choice of material shall be made by the contractor on the basis of availability; however, where one of two or more alternate materials listed in the Emergency Plumbing Standards is customarily used in a locality, such material should be specified in order to utilize available labor to the best advantage and to minimize the possibility of jurisdictional disputes. For example, the local code of Buffalo, New York, requires that frames and water closet connections shall be of lead. These requirements should be followed for projects in this area. "3. Where a municipality has adopted the Emergency Plumbing Standards as the local code during the war emergency, inspection of the work installed in that locality by the local municipal inspector is desirable as a matter of policy whenever pos sible, provided such inspection is per formed without cost to the project. Many municipalities have offered their services for this purpose without obligation to the Government." While these instructions allow some latitude in the final choice when al ternate materials are specified, they indicate that lead should be used wherever it is at all possible since lead is the most available material at the --2-- present time. It is also indicated that it is the responsibility of the architect to inform himself as to local practices and code requirements and to write his specifications accordinglv in order that local labor mav be utilized to the greatest advantage and that there will be the greatest possible cooperation with local building authorities. It will also be an advantage to the materials supply situation in general to specify lead wherever it is adapt able. since lead is more plentiful and more easily obtainable than any of the other metals. The use of lead pipe in a single project where steel might otherwise have been used may result in the release of several tons of steel which may become armor plate or gun barrels instead of pipe and fit tings. No opportunity to save critical metals should be overlooked. LIA25740 Lead Foil io Packaging Saves Weight and Space While Releasing Other Metals for Armament Use NE of the most interesting of or moisture deterioration. Historical O the changes in processes which references to the Boston Tea Party have been brought about by wartimention the lead-lined chests which necessity and one which promises to were tom open bv the "indians" who remain with us when the war is over boarded the ships in Boston Harbor. ij the result of the development of Fine imported teas can probably still lead foil materials for packaging. be obtained sealed in heavy leadfoil Although the prime reasons for re packages. search into this field were for the However, such closures are expen purpose of conserving steel, alumi sive and easily damaged. The newly num. tin and other metals, savings developed lead foil packages are sub in weight, shipping space and cost stantial and economical while retain have been great enough to indicate ing the advantages of waterproofness that many types of lead foil packages and airtightness. They are being will continue to be used even when used as shipping and storage contain rigid containers are again available. ers for rifles, machine parts, optical Many of the uses of foil with which instruments, radio parts, cartridges, most of us are familiar are of com powder and detonators as well as paratively recent origin but heavy foods, drugs, bandages and chemi lead foils have long been used for cals. The lead foil type package is packaging perishable materials which especially adapted to use for emer required protection from atmospheric gency rations and medicines because Widely varied types of lead foil packages. Upper left, plaster bandage. Upper right, burn ointment. Lower left, cannister for epsom salts. Lower right, envelope for sulfadiazine tablets. Lower center, waterproof matchholder --3-- Moisture and verminproofed with lead foil, this package holds 20 lbs. of macaroni of its light weight and ease of open ing. Even cigarettes and matches are kept in lead foil coated envelopes by soldiers for protection against water and perspiration. The most commonly used modem lead foil protected package is essen tially a hag made of foil-coated kraft paper. The basic materials are lead foil, an asphalt adhesive and kraft paper. Over the lead foil may be cel lophane. bond paper, an additional layer of kraft paper or other material as required, suitable to the require ments of the material to be packaged. Usually the cellophane is covered with a special thermoplastic coating which will seal the package upon the application of heat. Although the lead is quite thin, it is sufficiently ductile to withstand folding without breaking and it forms a vaporproof. waterproof closure which will also exclude vermin and bacteria. Other types of containers such as cannisters made of fibre laminated with lead foil are available. Some dehydrated foods for civilian con sumption have appeared wrapped in lead foil type packages and are on dealers shelves today. The possibili ties of lead foil packages are limited only by the resourcefulness of the de signers and we may expect to see many more applications during the war emergency and after. LIA25741 Importance of Lead Pigment Paints Stressed in Farm Machinery Conservation Program equipment as a conservation measure. The lead pigment paints, red lead- and blue lead, are unsurpassed for the protection of exposed iron and ) I HERE is today probably no more 30 years which are going back into T serious problem being faced by use. a single group of producers than the Many of the breakdowns which steel. Red lead particularly has the property of being "rust inhibitive," that is. in addition to forming a pro tective coating over the metal, it can growing scarcity of farm machinery have caused the abandonment of po actually retard or inhibit the chemi which is troubling the farmers. Al tentially ser iceable farm machinerv cal reaction between the iron and though farm produce must be in can be traced to the results of rust oxygen. creased this year new machinery and decay. In those cases where such The mixing and application of available for purchase will be only damage has already happened there these paints are easy and the cost is 20 percent of that offered for sale is nothing to be done but make re small. The timely application of a in 1940, or perhaps less. In the face pairs at whatever expense is neces coat of metal protective lead paint of these conditions coupled with the sary. However, further damage of might be the means of extending the growing shortage of manpower and this sort can be guarded against, and useful life of iron or steel articles for the insistant demand for scrap, every machines still intact can be protected a time measured in years. piece of farm machinery in the coun from rust simply and inexpensively The Lead Industries Association. try must be sought out, checked over by means of paint. In fact, the effec 420 Lexington Avenue. New York. and. put into working condition. tiveness of paint in preventing de N. Y.. has available a leaflet entitled All over the country farmers are struction of iron and steel can be util "Stop Demon Rust" which gives full recognizing this necessity and many ized to extend the life of countless but concise simple instructions for of them have accomplished remark articles in daily use which have come the preparation of red lead paints in able results. The shops of many vo to be practically irreplaceable. small quantities suitable for use on J cational agriculture schools have The Conservation Division of the farm machinery and equipment. This been made available to owners of ma WPB strongly recommends that full leaflet will be sent free on request to chinery. Regular school classes have advantage of paint coatings should anyone interested in so protecting: his undertaken projects of rehabilitation be taken to protect all iron and steel equipment. of damaged and discarded machinery ! and adult classes in machinery main Corrosive Flue Cases Have Little Effect ou Leadtenance and repair have been well at tended by farmers. Machines which have been abandoned in the fence corners for years are being-hauled out and repaired, repainted and re turned to service. There are known cases of machines of estimated age of T is well known that the gases pro I duced by the combustion of most fuels used bv industry have a cor rosive effect on metals. Some metals are known to be more resistant to corrosion than others and many tests combustion of fuel gas. Four dif ferent fuel gases were used ranging from non-odorized natural to foul manufactured. Two series of tests were run. the first series on a variety of metals and Application oj lead pigment paint by adult class in farm machinery repair have been conducted for determining both qualitative and quantitive dif ferences. A recently conducted series alloys and the second series on a group of alloyed steels containing chromium and nickel, commonlv re of tests on various metals and allovs ferred to as stainless steels. has produced important data of value A summary of the tests indicate' to engineers who find it necessary to that, while most metals showed evi specify materials for use in locations dences of a relatively uniform rate where high concentrations of Hue of corrosion beginning almost imme gases occur. diately upon exposure, the so-called An account of these tests, which 18-8 stainless steels resisted attack were conducted by Louis Schnidman for a considerable period of time but. and Jesse S. Yeaw of the Rochester with the exception of one containing Gas and Electric Corporation of molybdenum, they failed rather Rochester. .New York, is carried in quickly once corrosion started. the December, 1942, issue of "In A tabulation of life expectancy dustrial and Engineering Chemistry." estimated from the test data, of the Tests were conducted in condensing various metals shows that, with the chambers in which the air was kept exception of the molybdenum stain saturated with vapor condensed from less steel, lead is by far the most flue gases produced by the controlled resistant to corrosion by flue gases. --4-- LI A257<*2 The termination of the tests pre ESTIMATED MAXIMUM LIFE OF 20-GAGE METAL IN FLUE GASES cluded the investigation of the be havior of the molybdenum stainless Metal or Alloy Approx. Compn. Life, Years steel subsequent to the beginning of attack but the life expectancy of Iron Copper Zinc Commercial Steel And a few of its allovs Commercial V 8 lead is shown to be from 1.8 to 15 times as great as that of other com mon metals in the same thickness. Aluminum Lead Steels: Chrome And some of ir< alloys Commercial 17 8 15 3 Actually the superiority of lead is even greater. Because of its physi cal characteristics and compara- I tivelv low cost, lead is generally used in greater thicknesses than the Chrome Stainless Stainless Stainless Stainless Stainless Stainless 27 18-8 18--8--Ti 18-8-Cb 18-8-Mo 25-12 25-20 3-4 4-8 2-5` 2-5` __& 5-9 2-3* other metals. This has the effect of * Strips were penetrated during exposure tests. multiplying the years of service b Corrosion very light, no calculation possible with available data. which can be counted upon from lead. Reprinted from Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Thus the commonly used 4-Ib. per lead is seldom used in sheets as thin directly to atmospheric exposure. square foot sheet lead, which is as 20 gage. Thev prove by laboratory methods, nearly twice as thick as the 20 gage Condensed flue gases are merely an what has been learned by many years test samples, could be expected to intensified form of the destructive of experience, that roofing, flashings last twice as long. This would, in elements in the atmosphere of any and other similar items of lead will effect, entitle lead to a 30 year life urban community either industrial or have unsurpassed durability even expectancy in comparison with the residential. The results of tests by under the most severe conditions of other metals listed in the table since exposure to flue gases can be applied atmospheric exposure. Architectural attractiveness of Middleboro Court House is emphasized by clean white lead paint Trim Town Buildings of Middleboro, Mass., Show Results of White Lead Maintenance Program id d l e b o r o , Mass., is one of M the small thriving industrial towns so characteristic of New En gland. It has a solid background of diversified industry which has located there partly because of ample hydrau lically generated power. Agriculture also contributes to the commercial life of the community which is in the cranberry growing area of south eastern Massachusetts. Middleboro is one of the oldest towns in the United States. The origi nal settlement founded in 1660 was once burned by the Indians who were originally friendly but later turned hostile. The town was incorporated in 1669. It now has a town manager form of government which maintains well kept streets and municipal prop erties including a spacious and com fortable town farm. In recent repainting of the town buildings, pure white lead and lin --5-- seed oil paint was used throughout, carrying on a long standing practice of efficient economical maintenance. Because of the durability and uni form wearing qualities of white lead paint, the beauty of the newly painted buildings will be preserved and when repainting becomes necessary, no ex pensive preparation will be required. LIA25743 iI Samaritan House, Phillips -icademx. Andover. Was*. Erect ed in 1824 on the site of the present chape! it teas renuned to it- present site in Pure white lead pain' has played its part ir keeping chi- building sound and beautitu! through unusually dr- Mover, Mass., fiend circumstanceThe Antericu House. City of Historic Houses Phillips Academy. Like so many other buildings which are associated with signif NDOVER. Mass., in the Merri- icant American his A( mac Valiev is a town of manv torical events, this house in which Sum- interests. It is an old town, havingue( Smittle wrote the been settled about 1643 and incorpo rated in 1646. It was named for Andover in Hampshire. England, words to the song " America'' is pro tected with white lead paint which had been the home of some of the early settlers. Andover is the home of manufac turers of twine, woolens, rubber goods and other commercial prod ucts and nearby is the site of "Shawsheen." a model communitv created by the American Woolen Co. However. Andover is probably best known for its leadership in educa tional facilities. Abbot Academy, the oldest incorporated school for girls The Sewman House. Phillips Academs. Built in 1811 it was once the residence o' young Master Oliver IX endell Holmes. h<beautiful condition attests the excellence 01 the protection trom weather provided b\ the white lead pain: with which it has been protected for so manv yean in New Engand was founded there in DAYTON SSYDEX 1829. Phillips Academy for bovs. founded there in 1778. is still one of the best known preparatory schools in the United States. A theological seminary, for over one hundred vears connected with Phillips Academv. was moved to Harvard University in 1909. Many architecturally interesting and historically important houses have become the property of Phillips Academy through the years. They are all beautifully set in park-like grounds and in spite of age and the rigors of New England winters are all sound and well kept in good con dition. The maintenance practice of the Academy is to use pure white lead paint exclusively on both old and new work. The soundness of this policy is well demonstrated bv the ondition of the buildings. 6-- LI A25744 Good Paint Available With White Lead Despite Possible Shortages of Other Materials ARTIME painting can be done fication E-TT-P-156, White, is now a W with good paint. White lead 100 percent white lead paint, differ pigment, which is the basic ingrediinegnt from the regular specification of top quality paint, is freely avail TT-P-156 only in the composition of able in quantities sufficient to supply the vehicle. both military and civilian needs. It is also possible for users of job- Metallic lead, from which white lead mixed white lead paints to reduce is made, is the only common metal their consumption of linseed oil with of which ample stocks exist for both out sacrificing the quality of the civilian and military uses and white paint. High quality paint can be lead is being produced in sufficient made of pure white lead and linseed quantities to take care of all needs. oil through a considerable range of There being no threat of shortage of proportions. Slight changes in mix white lead, it is not necessary to use ing formulas, reducing the quantity a pigment of doubtful durability on of oil, increasing the white lead pro any new or presently built structures, portion slightly and adding a little either temporary or permanent. This more thinner, can be the means of is extremely important at the present saving appreciable quantities of oil. time. It means that white lead can be used extensively to make the best use Formula Changes Studied of the supplies of linseed and other The National Bureau of Standards drying oils which are somewhat lim of the Department of Commerce has ited and which must be used with studied the revisions of paint formu consideration. las and in letter circular LC-717 has published tables of suggested formu las containing reduced quantities of linseed oil. The table printed here is adjusted to soft paste white lead from the recommendations applying to heavy paste contained in LC-717. Paints made from the suggested for mulas will contain less oil and more thinner. They will also contain a larger proportion of white lead. They will have slightly greater hiding power and the finish coats will have less tendency to collect dirt on ex posure to the weather. Quoting again from LC-717, "The Bureau believes that the paints will have a satisfac tory durability. Since there is no shortage of white lead but a very def inite shortage of oil, it seems desir able to suggest the formulas given in the table. If they are generally used, a saving of oil will result." The high regard in which pure white lead paint is held is indicated by the statement that even two slightly thinned coats of the parnt recommended for third coat in Table I (a) would be better than three coats of an inferior quality paint. Oil Conservation Measures Suggested Measures for the conservation of linseed oil have been taken by the War Production Board. Manufac turers of ready-mixed paints which contain large proportions of linseed oil are now required to use smaller quantities of oil in their products. It is entirely possible to do this without destroying the quality of their prod uct by using some thickened or bodied oil and increasing the amount of thinner and at the same time increas ing the white lead proportion slightly. This is exactly what has been re quired by the Government in chang ing the Emergency Alternate Speci fications for ready-mixed exterior paints. The latest Emergency Speci PROPOSED OIL CONSERVING FORMULAS FOR THINNING SOFT PASTE WHITE LEAD * TABLE I Soft Paste White Lead Raw Linseed Oil Turpentine Drier Gals. Paint la) Painting New Wood Three Coats Primer Body Coat 100 lb. 2'/= gal. 2% gal1 pint 8% 100 lb. 1 gal. l3i gal. 1 pint 6'/s Finish Coat 100 lb. 2 gal. Ys gal1 pint 6 (b) Painting New Wood Two Coats (c) Repainting W'ood Two Coats Primer and Soft Paste Body Coat Finish Coat Body Coat Finish Coat White Lead:* Raw Linseed Oil Turpentine Spar Varnish Drier Gals. Paint 100 lb. 1 gal. ]/2 gal3i gaL 1 pint SYs 100 lb. 2 gal. Ys gal-- 1 pint 6 100 lb. 1!4 gal. 2 gal. -- 1 pint 65/a 100 lb. 2 gal. Ys gal. 1 pint 6 * For heavy paste white lead use one quart more of turpentine. --7-- LIA25745 Progressive Rock lslaod, III., Takes Step to Conserve Plumbing Materials N excellent example of the way city building and inspection depart Ak in which a city can cooperate ments. with the conservation measures of The standards are being applied in the War Production Board to reducceonjunction with the existing code consumption of critical war materials insofar as the two sets of require while still retaining safe plumbing ments may be applied together. This practice requirements is afforded by procedure allows the continuance of Rock Island. 111. Rock Island has the requirement of the use of lead adopted the Emergency Plumbing wastes, vents, traps and closet con Standards for the duration of the war nections which has long been the and is enforcing them through the standard practice in this city. Thus Lead pipe and fittings ready for in stallation in Berkshire Subdivision in accordance with Emergency Plumb ing Standards The following articles and reprints contain information, drawings and specifications on the use of lead products helpful to architects, engineers and others in the construction industry. They art available, free of charge, upon request to the Lead Industries Association, 420 Lexington Avenue, New York City. SOME PAINTING PROBLEMS AND THE ANSWERS By Dr. F. L. Browne, Senior Chemist, Forests Products Labora tory, Madison, Wise. Reprinted from the National Real Estate Journal, Sept., 1939. STAMFORDS DOUBLE LIFETIME HOME A complete analysis of hard lead flashing, white lead paint, lead plumbing, plywood and red cedar Certigrade shingle details and installation methods. Reprinted from the American Builder, July, 1939. BRUSH UP ON YOUR PAINTING A practical article on the selection and application of paint reprinted from House Beautiful, June, 1941. DON'T GAMBLE WITH PAINT An instructive article on the selection of paint for farm use reprinted from the March 1942 issue of Country Gentleman. WHITE LEAD PAINT FOR DEFENSE HOUSING Reprint from Bulletin of the Producers' Council including specifications and graphic mixing instructions for exterior and interior White Lead Paint. STOP DEMON RUST Leaflet giving concise, simple instruc tions in the use of the rust preventing qualities of Red Lead Paint in protect ing farm machinery. HOW LUMBER AND PAINT KEEP YOUR HOME ALWAYS IN STYLE A brief digest of the advantages of painted lumber homes with color-styling suggestions and other interesting information. LASTING LEADWORK IN MODERN PLUMBING By T. N. Thompson, Technical Editor, Plumbing and Heating Journal. Reprinted from Plumbing and Heating Journal. Feb.. 1939. COMMERCIAL STANDARDS: Calking Lead, CS94-41 Lead Pipe, CS95-41 Lead Traps and Benda, CS96-41 Official publications by the Government Printing Office of the above Commercial Standards as promulgated by the U. S. Department of Commerce through the National Bureau of Standards, effective June 25, 1941. NEW SIMPLIFIED STANDARD FOR LEAD TRAPS AND BENDS File size leaflet with new standards for lead traps and bends as well as existing standards for lead pipe and calking lead, and other informative data. LEAD PLUMBING FOR DEFENSE HOUSING Reprint from Bulletin of the Producers' Council including information on the Emergency Plumbing Standards and the Defense Housing Critical List. the private housing projects now being erected in Rock Island will not be required to substitute steel or less durable material for the long lasting lead that Rock Islanders have been accustomed to depend upon. In addition, the progress of housing construction will not be threatened by delays in obtaining materials. Lead is easily and quickly obtain able and two private projects now under way in Rock Island will soon be completed. The Berkshire Sub division and the Suncrest Addition will provide a total of 94 badly needed low-cost homes for war workers. It is the intention of the Federal Public Housing Authority that wher ever possible materials for plumbing installations shall be selected to con form to the existing code in force at the site of the project. The city of Rock Island is cooperating to the letter by adopting the Emergency Plumbing Standards while retaining the requirements for lead which are embodied in its local citv code. DON'T STOP Buying War Bonds and Stamps UPON REQl'KST, THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE GLAD TO HAIlLJ`LKAp"JiEGCT^AELT.raEE 0F CUARGE, TO THOSE INTERESTED, AND WILL COOPERATE WITHOUT OBLIGATION IN THE SOLUTION OF I OCR LEAD PROBLEMS <*^,155 LIA25746 TRI-NTED IN U. ? PUBLISHERS PRl N Tl NG NF.W YORK CITY PAN Y