Document g2BJ9B5JRGdBwQEo0QY84d7ge

of and 1937American Society Heating Ventilating Engineers Guide, tures in New York City from which factors were derived and applied to the average maximum dry- and wet-bulb temperatures for other cities. This study covered a twenty-year record of Weather Bureau tempera tures. The design temperatures given are not exceeded more than 5 to 8 per cent of the time during a cooling season of 1200 hours in June, July, August, and September fpr an average year. Solar Radiation Through Walls and Roofs Fig. I1 shows the total amount of solar energy in BtUjper square foot per hour received during the day by a surface normal to the rays of the sun, by a horizontal surface, and by east, west, and south walls. The curves are drawn from A.S.H.V.E. Laboratory data obtained by pyrheliometer, are based on sun time, and are for a perfectly clear day on August 1 at a north latitude of 40 deg. Data from these curves may be used with little error for most United States latitudes and foU&ll of the hotter months of the year. The absorption of solar radiation by a surface' depends upon the' character of the surface and the angle of the surface with respect to the direction of the radiation. The heat absorption by a black oilcloth surface perpendicular to the sun's rays was found to be as high as 273 Btu per square foot per hour, based on tests conducted by the A.S.H.V.E. Research Laboratory in Pittsburgh1. Lamp black, red brick dust, and aluminum bronze painted surfaces perpendicular to the sun's rays showed, respectively, 94.0, 63.4, and ?8.2 per cent as high a rate of absorption as the black oilcloth. Table 2. Allowance for Solar Radiation on Roofs and Walls Approximate Number of Degrees to Add to Dry-Bulb Temperature for Different Types of Surfaces Type of Surface Black Red Brick or Tile Aluminum Paint Roof, horizontal................ -.................. ....... East or west wall..................................................... South wall......................................... . ................ .. . 45 30 15 30 20 10 15 10 5 Solar radiation is an important factor in the mechanism of heat flow into buildings. Research conducted at the A.S.H.V.E. Research Labora tory3 has shown that a large error may be introduced into the calculations by failure to consider the periodical character of heat flow resulting from the diurnal movement of the sun and the heat capacity of the structure, which determine the timing and magnitude of the heat wave flowing through the wall into a building on a hot, sunny day. Unfortunately, the calculations for the transmission of heat from solar Heat Transmission as Influenced by Heat Capacity and Solar Radiation, by F. C. Houghten, J. L. Blackshaw, E. M. Pugh and Paul McDermott (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 38,1932). 'Absorption of Solar Radiation in Relation to the Temperature. Color, Angle, and Other Characteristics of the Absorbing Surface, by F. C: Houghten and Carl Gutberlet (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 36,1930). Coefficients of Heat Transfer as Measured under Natural Weather Conditions, by ,F. C. Houghten and C. G. F. Zobel (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 34, 1928); Absorption of Solar Radiation in Its Relation to the Temperature, Color. Angle and Other Characteristics of the Absorbing Surface, by F. C. Houghten and Carl Gutberlet (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions. Vol. 36, 1930). 160