Document evyw1Bje08LRyV0OQn5bm5wZg

ip Cd 1 2pp U y y y I I 0 J 3 1] Fe] 1] 3 1] . ARRRG ~ 1063 ll I Guide y tothe a! SafeHandling | of I Fluoropolymer | Dispersions 0 J 1 Prepared by the FLUOROPOLYMER MANUFACTURERS GROUP |] Octoper 2001 The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. NT wa maw | CONTAIN NO CRI --} [| I --- `This page lef intentionally blank. `Cap`yrGiuoihtde20t0o1tThheeSSaofeciHoaefnthdyeinPgasotfcsFlIunodruostp,oliycm.eArllDRiisgphtesrsRiesoenrsved Page 2 NOTE TO USERS aS"TunhididseslGiuniiendsteepnwrdoaevsdidtdeoedvperslorovepiebddeasbieyndftoohrnematFthlieoorcnooloplnoeclgtyeimvneeerreaxMpagenuruiidfenalccietnuearsfefsmoerGmsraboeurpsohafonfTdlhtihenegSIoondcfuisNetutryooyr,fobptuohtleyarmPelearsntdtiicssepeInrnsddiuoesntsdr.y,ITnhbc.ee `2SiT0bH0eEdrMfeExhhRaaCunsHdtAiNvbeeTlAoireBvIienLdcIflouTbsYiev,ereoFlifIaTlblNleE,pSebSurttiiFnseOmnRtadrAeocPuWArIeRTmTeHInOtC.UUTLATWRhAeRPiRUnRAfPoNrOTmSaYEt,i,onEOXpRrPoRAvEiNdSYeSdEOiDnTtHOhEiRsRIgMuMPiALdTITEisEDoR,f.fAeSrTTedhOein GSdouaeiisdmeenloditntsgoupasrraoatvniitsdeyeedalcalonmcdpolmtiheaenntecxelagmwapilltehrseaqiyuinrreemgceunlhtsatseieornendlonitoeredsn(a0deceoodnpTe0oblreoonfdiporfrepocrctoeecsdeitsnosginonypgerpfaaatrcieoinulsli.sa.rpFroUolsldeoruwsci,anngrortchaaeuetGiuhoinedeyed tchoamtmtehnetisncfoonrtmaaitnieodn hueproeinn.which this guide is based is subject to change which may invalidate any or all of the dTehseigGnuiindgenids noopterianttienngdepdrtoocepsrsionvgidlisnepse,ciufsiecrasdvoifceh,eleGgualidoer sothhoeurdwisceo,nsounltpawrittihcultahreirproodwunctsIeogrl parnocdesescesh.nicIanl a{sdeavcfihesntoiyrcsar,lisbktushleloierftistnush,piprolipesrso,plraipeHtaaeroyrthaperr)odauwpchptrisocpharnicadotneptrasoiocnueriscnseefsso.rm(aiStnPicIol,undbitnosgumtbeuKmtbneornslaianmondidtreecdwaostnoobnpunarbtoledyrucsftordoeorsnpeoactacbklaasghseeuamJleat.bhealansn,yd riensfpoornmsaitbiiolntcyfoonttahienuesdei'nthicsoGmupildieance with an spplcabl as nd regulations, no for any persons relying on he mpSarPnoIudfduaoccteh.sunroAeltrlseiwnndhfooorrsmaearttishoeonlpearyobproreisue1pttoanrsdyiibpvlreiodfduouarcltthomeaancpacrfuoarcacecsuysreeasrnodpfacroonmdypulcmetatsneucnfoeansctstaouifrnieerdeohrdueasrae.erhoafs ubgerenopporloyvimdeerd rbeysitnhsoosre Copyright 2001 `The Societyofthe Plastics Industry, Inc. All Rights Reserved SPI Literature Catalogue #: BZ-101 CoGnuiyde20t0o1tThenSSafeaHaonfdhileinPgaatsogifecFsiuuotreop,olnyem.erIDRiisppesrsRioenss o `This page left intentionally blank. `CopyGruigihdte20t0o1tThheeSSoacfieetHy aondhie nlgasotfcsFliunodruosp,olIymeArnlDiRis.gphtesrsRieosnesrved Pages ------eeooonnnneee Table of Contents INTRODUCTION css. 1 `TYPICAL COMPOSITIONALINFORMATION ....cccovcvssmsssssmnmmnnnecns TOXICOLOGICALINFORMATIONANDPOTENTIALHEALTH EFFECTS Signs anEdySeymCpotntoamcstOFExposure iH 10 SIknigensCtoinontact 1100 ISnyhasltaetmieon .10 10 HANDLING AND STORAGE / EXPOSURE CONTROL FPA PHYTShIerCmAaLlABNehDaviCoHrEMICAL PROPERTIES ..crscsvsnns BehaviorinWater omnes 1134 1 ECOTOXICOLOGICALINFORMATION w.cvcvvnsssnssnssmssssssnnnn 15 DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS... mmmmansnnm---- (CopGyruiighdte20t0o1tThheeSSoacfieetHyaofndhienPglaostficFsiIunodruosp,olIynm.eArlDiRisgphetsrsRieosnesrved Pages `This page left intentionally blank. CopyGruigihdte20t0o1TthheeSSaofceeyHoafndthiiPnlgasotficsFlIunodruospto,lIyncm.eArlRDiisgphesrRseisoenrsved Page 6 P-- Guide to the Safe Handling of Fluoropolymer Dispersions INTRODUCTION Fluoropolymer dispersions are an aqueous formoffluoropolymer typically used for coating metal 5 `Tahndegpluarspsoclsoetohf.tThhiessgueiddisepisertsoiopnrsoavriedepsraofdeuhcaenddalnindgsionlfdoornmataigolnobtaoldbiasspiesrbsiyosnepvreorceaslmsaonrusf,ascitnucreetrhse.se: hpraovdeurctesveuatlieldiztehae fFlPuAorsoaproelypmeresrisptoelnytmienritzhaeteinovniariodn(mFenPtA)anddurhianvgetehexihribmiatneudfatcotxuircoel.ogRieccalenetffsetcutdsiiens animals. `FaPmAmsonaireummaenmbdesrosdoifuampeclrafslsuoorfoc-oomcmtearncoiatael)l.yFaPvaAislaabrlee upseerfdltuoorsouaslkpyelncdaarnbdoxeymlualtseisfuyrsfaocmtaents (e.g., fluoropolymers during manufacture or industrial use and are typically used in concentrations less than 0.5%. FPAs may be found in otherformsoffluoropolymers, e.g., formulated coatings and some dry resin products. commonly usedinthe production ofmany fluoropolymers and fluoroelastomers. APFO has several An eight-carbon member ofthis family, ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO) is the FPA most e`msuylnsoinfyimesrsiinncclluuddiengsoCd-8iuamcipde,rPflFuOorAo,ocFtaCno1a4t3e,,aanndd`tpheerfslaulotrsooafomtmhoenripuermfloucotraonocaatreb.oxySliimcilaacrids, such as perfluorononanoic acid. Because APFO isthebestunderstood FPAinteofr toxm icols ogy and `health effects, it is the main foocfuthsis guide. For purposesofsafe handling of fluoropolymer fdirsopmerasciohnesmicconatlaainnidntgoFxiPcAoSl,ogtihcealotvhieerwp`opienrtf.luorocarboxylates should be treated similarly tAo PFO APFO is `aqueous a sublimable solution. It is solid that then used is in typically supplied to the resin manufacturer in a concentrated. adiluteformas a polymerization emulsifier. Once the d`proylfymoerrmiszoaftfilounoisrocopmopllyemteer, ptrhoeduAcPtsF.OTrisacneorammaolulnyt`sroefmoAvPedFdOurmiangyfbienipshriensgeprniotncefsisneisshtehdat result in afldudoerdodpuorliynmgerporlesyimnesr.iSziantcieonthiessuesfuianlilsyhipnrgessteenptsinadreinsopetraspipolniperdotdouactqsueasousosldd.ispersions, the APFO `pSeirnsciestAiPnFtOheeisnavipreorfnlmueonrti.naAtePdFchOeamliscaola,ppiteiasresxttorbeemepleyrssitsabtleen,tidneghruadmeasnsslaonwdlhy,aasnbedetnhefroefuonrdein tBraasceedamoonuhnetasltihn stthuedibelsoocdovofewrionrgkmeorrseetxhpaonstehdirdtuyryienagrmsoanfuefxapcotsuurrien,gtohpeerreahtaiovnesbienevnolnvoinagdvitesrussee. human health effects observed in exposed employees. For controlof occupational exposure, the American ConferenceofGovernmental Limit Value (TLV) for APFO of0.01 Industrial milligram Hygienists (ACGIH) per cubic meter in air recommends a Threshold as an eight-hour, time- weighted average (TWA) occupational exposure limit. GonGmruiindte20t0o1tThehSSafeaHacnofdiangPPoaagfses?Finzoaryop,ol0ym.erAlDigspsersRieosnesrved TYPICAL COMPOSITIONAL INFORMATION Tflhueorfooplollowyimnegrrmeapnruefsaecnttusrearcso.mpCoosnistuilotnytoyupricsauloppflifelrufoorrosppoelcyimfeicrpdriosdpuercstiionnfsoarsmastuipopnl.ied by FIlnguroerdoipeonltymer Approxi2m0a-t6eW0eight(%wt) Water 30-70 `Non-ionic Surfactant <6 Fluoropolymer Polymerization Aid <1 ``aTnhdeTfHluYo.ropFolluyomreoreldaisstpdefresirodnissptehartsicoonnstaairne aFlPsAosavmaialyabblee dthiastpemrasiyoncsonotfaPinTFFEP,AsF.EP, PFA, PVDF:, `Thestabilizingsurfactantsmostcommonly alkoxylatessuchas Triton X-100. usedinthesedispersionsarenonionic alkylphenol `nTohrempaHlloyfatmheislekdyiwshpietresiloinqsuiwdi.llvaryovertherangeof 2 to10,andtheirphysicalappearanicse Specific products may vary from one manufacturer to another. Contact your supplier for information `oanndthreeafctoilvliotwy,inagntdorpiecgsu:latfiorreyfiinghftoirnmga,tifiorns.taidandtreatment, accidental release measures, stability TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATIONAND POTENTIALHEALTH EFFECTS dAaqtuaeaonudshefallutohrsotpuodliyemsehradviespbeeresniocnopnrdoudcutcetdsocnontAaPiFnOF.PAASPFfoOr wihsiacshkitnh,eemyaej,orniotsyeo,fatnhdethtrooxaitciorlroitgaynt `andcan be absorbed through the lungs, gastrointestinaltractand skin. ALiPmFitOVhaalsubese)e.nAcvlaaislsaifbileedebviydAenCcGeIdHoaessanontansuigmgaelstctahractitnhoegeangweintthialnikAel3y rtaotciangus(eAcCaGncIeHr Tinhrheusmhaonlds LeixmcietptVuanldueesrfuonrcCohmemmiocnalorSuunblsitkaenlcyersoauntedsPohrysliecveallsoAfgeexnptossaunrdeB.iSoeleogAicCaGlIEHxppousbulriceaItinodne,xeTshr(ecusrhroelndt e`dwihtiicohn)m,eAapnpsetnhdaitxabAs,orCpatricoinnotgehnicritoyt,huefsogkrihfnurtishearsiignnfiofrimcaatnitonp.otTehnteiaTlLrVouteohfaesxapo"ssukirne". notation, : ACGHTLV/TWA 0.01 mg/m3 (skin), A3 CopGyuiihdte20t0o1tThheoSSaofceieHtaonyfdtlvinPgaosf tFlIunocroapso.lnycm.erAlDRiisgphetsrsRieosnsend Pages An OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (8-hour time weighted average) has not been established. "The resultsofacute toxicological ests for APFO are as follows: LCSO 4 hr. inhalatio--n rat LDSO skin absorption -- rabbits LDSO oral -rats 980 mg/m3 4278 mg/kg 540 mgkg i `Thesevaluessuggestthat APFOisnothighlytoxicinthe shortterm. APFOis askinandeyeirritant,but isuntestedforanimalsensitization. APFO is not mutagenic in in-vitro mutagenicity assays and did not cause cell transformation in a `mammalian cell transformation assay. Testsinanimals demonstrate nodevelopmetonxitciatly.APFOisnotteratinoragbbietsnbyiorcal `administrationor teratogenictorats bygavageor inhalation exposures. Testsinmaleratsdemonstrated tumorigenicactivitybased onanincreasedincidenceofbenign testicular, pancreatic, and liver tumors. . Based on preliminary analysis from a recently completed two-generationstudyinrats, APFOdoesnotafectreproductiveprocesses. Like some other FPAs, APFO can potentially generate perfluorooctanoate anion either through dissociation or metabolism. Animal studies conducted on perfluorooctanoate anion indicate effects includingliverdisturbances, weight loss,lossofappetite, adrenalandhematological effects, and benigntumorsoftheliver,pancreasandtestesofmalerats.Therearenoknown humanhealth effects fromanticipatedexposure tothisperfluorooacnitonawnheonausteed as intended. Epidemiology studies in workers exposed to APFO have demonstrated persistent levelsoforgano. fluorineinthe blood. Thepresoefonrgcaneo fluorochemicalsinthebloodofthegeneral population `and subpopulations, such as workers, has been published dating back to the 1970's. The major APFO manufacturer's epidemiological study ofits own workers indicates no adverse health effects Thirty yearsofexperience has indicated that although APFO i found in trace amounts in exposed `workersnoabnormalitiesinliverfunctionor cholesterolhavebeen observedintheseexposed employees. There has benoiencrenaseinany causeofdeathamongstthe exposed workers. `This information in this guide may change, as resultsoffurther studies become available. Consult your supplier or SPI for the most up-to-date information. CopyGruigihdte20t0o1tThheeSSaofeciHaonfdhienPglasotficFsiIunodruospto.lIynmc.erAllDRiisgphetsrsRieosnersved Page SSignsyandmptOof Em xpossure Eye Contact sSwieglnlsinagn,dtseayrmipngtoamnsd balsusrorciinagtoefdvwiistihone.ye contact may include iiation with discomfort, redness, Skin Contact Sisgwnseanladnsldyimitpcthnoinmggs.aAssPocFiOatmead ywibtehasbksionrcboendttahcrtomuagyhinthcelsukdienirarnidtaptrioondwuictehedfifsecctosmsfiomritl,arretdonetshso,se caused by inhalation and/or ingestion. Ingestion inBcalsueddegoanstrreosiulnttsesftrionmalhitrgahc-tdiomistaagteioann,iambadlotmeisntianlgp,asiing,nsnaanusdesayamnpdtvoommsitaisnsgo,cdiiaatrerdhewai,tlhetinhgaersgtyi,on may daebtneocrtmeadlbylivlearbfournacttoiryotneastssd;eotrecatbendobrymlaalbbolroaotdorfyotremstisn,gasbynsotremmaflubnlcotoidofnowrimtihanngesmyisat.eRmefupnecattieodnas esxtpuodiseusreinsparnoidmaulcsedhalviveers,hkoiwdnnetyh,aptarnecpreeaatesad ndodsteessotefscahmamnognesi;umanpeemrifaluaonrdocoycatannoosaitse.pIrnogdeustcieonbenign t`uemxoprossuirentthoeApPFaOnwhcelnirvuesereadnaadstseisntt,eensd.eTd.herearenoknownhumanhealth effectsfromanticipated Inhalation aAnsdinlgilveereexnploasrugreemaenbto.veBraesceodmomnernedsueldtsgufirdoemlianneismmaatyecstaiunsg,eisriigtnastainodntsoytmhpetuopmpsermraesypiirnactlourdyetract asonrdedniesscsoomfftorhte. nose and throat, iritatofitohne upperrespiratory paswsitahcogugehinsg, sneezing rPersoulltosngferdomofarneipmeaaltetedsteixnpgo,ssuirgensabaonvdesryemcpotmommesnmdaeyd giunicdleuldienyeeslmlaoyw sckaiunsejaluinvdericefef)ecatns.d tBeansdeerdnoesns otfimuep.perabdomen. APFOmaybe absorbed by inhalaandtpiersoisntinthe bodyforanextended Systemic iAnPhaFlOaticoannobresakbinsocrobnteadctb.yAtnhiembaoldyaannddhmuamyanbeexdpeetreicetnecdeinintdhiecabtleotohdatsttrhiesacmofmoploluownidnghaisngaesltoinogn,halfilinfethien btlheoobdloofodt,heangdenmearaylbpoedpeutleatcitoendyaenadrssaufbtpeorpuelxaptoisounrse,.sTuhcehparsewsoernkceerosfhoarsgbaeneonfpluubolrioschheedmidcaatlisng CopGyuaindte201001tThheeSSaofcieetHyaonfdhienPgloaftFsiIunodruosp,olnycm.erAlDRiisgphetsrsRieosenrsved Page 10 a ---------- backtothe 1970's. The major APFO manufacturer's epidemiological studyofits ownworkers inincdliucdateepsren-oexaidsvteirnsgedihseeaalsthese,fsfeucctsh.asMtehdoisceaolfctohndeiltiivoenrsapnodtbenotniaelmlayrargogwra.vated by overexposure wAeniigmhatllsotssu,dileossscoofnadpupcetteidteo,napderrefnlauloarnoddchteamnaoattoeloagniicoanl ienfdfeicctast,eaenffdecbtesniingcnlutduimnogrsliovfetr hdiesltiuvrebra,nces, panandctestresoef maale srats. Thereare 10 APFO when used as intended. noknownhuman healtheffects fromanticipated exposure Consultyoursupplierforspecificinformationontreatmentandfirstaidmeasures. HAN ANDD STOL RAGI E/EN XPOSG URE CONTROL Itsimportanttoavojgcontactwhenhandlingproductscontaining FPAS. FPASarereleawshend adretihrsoupghaterheersdrksiiendi(odroehremnaatle)s,di.nTghesetpironi(mea.gr.y,beyxptorsaunrsefreoruetnecseofrfoFmPhAanwdhteonmopurotche)s,sainndgdviisapersions inhalation. FPASare iitating totheeyes. BoavseresdporanytbheefhoiregthhveaypodrrypraensdsaulreloofwtshoemFePoAftthoessuebFlPiAmSe,.iDtiisspiemrpsoirotnacnttoocnleatnwuapasstpeiisllhsnoaunliddalnsogbe: dispoosfeidn closed containers.Thevaporpressuresarehighenoughthatunderconditoifoponosr ventilationthesesources ofFPAmayresultinexposuresthatexceedtheACGIHTLV. Seethe section on physical and chemical properties for more detail. cUrsiteoicfaleningirneedeurciinngg ecmonptlroolyse,egeoxopdoshuyrgieetnoicFPprAasctwihceesnawnodrpkeirnsgonwailtphrfotleucotrioopnoelqymueirpmdeisnpter(sPiPoEns).are Alone, eachof these control methods cannot eliminate potentially hazardous work conditions, buta combinationofthese methods, employee involvement, and company support can control exposure. `Wearappropriateglovesandprotectiveeyewearwhenhandlingthismaterial. Tnadditusieoonneo,r `more ofthe following personal protectionitemsas necessatroy prevent skin contact:headcovering, coveralls, and aprons. Donotallowsmokingand/oreatinginareaswhere FPASor fluoropolymersareused. Washhands andexposedskinafruse,andbeforehandlingfoodorapplyingcosmetics. Thereareotherhealth and safety hazards associated with handling, use, and processing offluoropolymers, including dispersions. Smoking cigarettes or tobacco contaminated with dust fomfluoropolymerproducts is associated with "Polymer Fume Fever." More information on this subject can be found in SI's Guide to the Safe Handlingof Fluoropolymers Resins. CopGyuiihdte2t0o0t1hTehoSSafoe cHaoenfdylheiPnigaosftcFsluionrdoupso.lyncm.eArlDRiisgphtesrsRieosnersved Page 11 E--E--------------------------------------------------------------------___ `The major health hazard associated with handling fluoropolymers is the inhalationofdecomposition products. In addition, when handling fluoropolymer dispersions, FPAS are released when coatings are dried or heated. Provide sufficient ventilation to maintain exposures below recommended limits. Ifexhaust ventilation is not adequate, use appropriate respiratory protection. APFOis a sublimablesolid,meathnatviaponrsagrereleaseddirectlyfromthe solid. Handling APFO in water limits the releaseof APFO directly into the air. In case ofa release or spill, APFO containing liquidsmustbecleaned up promptlybeforethe water driestopreventcontamination of other surfaces inthearea.Containandabsorbmaterial onto sawdust, oil~dry or similarinert absorbent. Residuals should be cleaned-up with water and additional absorbent. Spilled materials should be placed into acovered containerfordisposal according to applicable local, state and federal regulations. During clean up,cautionmust be exercised,asthe spill area may be extremely slippery. Ventilation and appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must be used when cleaning the spill. Contact with contaminated surfaces, dispersions, solutions, spray mist, and powder or dust in the air all reisnabusorlptitonof FPASintothebody. Exposurteo FPA canoccurduringdispersion processing operations while mixing, transferring, or formulthaectoaitinnggs, as well as while applying coatings, drying, sinteringorbaking. Exposurteo FPA may also occur during equipment `maintenance (e.g. cleaningtanksand spray equipment,fans,spray filters, exhaust ducts, etc.). Because some FPAs areknownto stayinthebody for long periodsoftime,exposurepreventionis very important. Engineering controls are the first lineofdefensetocontrol exposure. Examplesofengineering controls include both general plant ventilation and local exhaust ventilation for specific, potentially highexposuretasks. Aspraypaintboothisanexample of a localexhaustsystem(seetheSafe Handling Guide for a descriptionoflocal exhaust systems used in fluoropolymer processing). Enclosing processes isan additional typeofengineering controls; automation isanotherway to limit exposure. Lastly, all heated processing equipment requires a ventilation system to prevent inhalation exposures A hazard assessment ofjob tasks will help determine what types of PPE are appropriate and necessary. Using PPE properly is important. For example,significantexposure can occur from clothing contaminated by improper storage or disposalofgloves, such as putting them in pockets of work clothes between uses. In addition, thorough and frequent washingofhands and any exposed skin will reduce potential exposure. Careshouldbetakento prevent the spreadofmaterial by contaminated clothing and shoes. Contaminated clothing and shoes should be thoroughly cleaned before re-use. Employees should not remove contaminated clothing from the workplace. Finally, good housekeeping practices also help reduce potential exposure CopyGruioihdte20t0o1tThehSSaofceiHeatonfydtihnlgasotfcFslnucoursoeyp,olny.m.erAlDiRisgphetsrsRieosnesrved Page 12 -- For protection from FPAS, gloves should be madefromnitrile ruobrnbeoperenre.Ifthere is a `potential for splashingorcontact with liquid material,useANSI Z87.1approvedchemical goggles andlor a face shield. In certain applications, using aprons, coveralls, or full body protection, in additiontoglovesand face protection, maybeappropriate. Consult your supplier for more detailed information. Dryingorhightemperatureprocessing, such as "sintering," may resultinthereloefthaeFsPAes and decompositionproducts.Thevaporsandgasesproducedintheovenastheproduct curesmay `condenseas asolidoras aliquidsolutioninthe oven,exhaustductorstack,oronothercool surfaces. These condensed or solidified fumescancontain hazardous substances. Skin contact with this condensate when cleaning the oven, stack or other equipment must be avoided. Handling concentrated FPA solutions and solids may require the useofadditional PPE such as bodysuits, face shields and respirators. Respiratory protectigy may also be required during certain operations, such as spray coating, dispersion processing operations, or sintering. In situations where exposure to sintering fumes, vapors, ordispersionmists is likely,andventilation is inadequatetocontrol exposure levels, NIOSH `approved respirators must be used and a respiratory protection program meeting the requirements of the OSHA respiratory protection standard, 29 C.FR. 1910.134 mustbe followed. An air-purifying respirator equipped with organic vapor/acid gas cartridges and a high efficiency dust/mist pre-filter maybeappropriateforprotectionagainstdust,mist,orfumesasfoundin cleaningcondensatefrom ovens or exhaust systems. When exposure to FPA or fluoropolymer thermal decomposition products is anticipated (as found in firefighting applications), an air-supplied respirator in positive pressure or demand mode is appropriate. Specific recommendations for respirators should be obtained from product material safetydatasheetsor yoursupplier. FPA PHYSICALAND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES This section discusses some physical properties ofFPAS as they relate to the safe handling of fluoropolymer products. TheFPAsused commercially are typically mixturestoat least some degree, and their identity may differ by fluoropolymer producer. Differences can include the molecular weightofthe FPA,whether branchedstructuresarepresentinthe molecule,andthe identity of `counter-ions present. For relevant physical propertiesofan FPA used to make a particular fluoropolymer, the fluoropolymer manufacturer should be contacted. A general treatmentofphysical and other properties ofFPAS may be found inFluorinated Siafactars FPAS have certain physicalpropertiesthat are important for exposure controls. One property is their behavior when warmorhot. FPA readily getintotheair,evenwhen heated as dried solids, such as from a spill in a hot work area. Another property is that FPAscanchange into their carboxylic acid formifadditional acid is mixed with dispersion. These carboxylic acids can getintothe air more ; CoGouind2e 0to tThheeS Safe Hanfday linsg oef FiuuoroypolAymIerLDiRspeerssieones d | ) easily than the FPAS these topics. themselves. Refer to the following section for a more detailed discussion of `ThermalBehavior chPaerifnluloernogctahrabnoxdytlhiactadceicdrseaasreeifanimrleyltlionwgmpeolitnitnwgistohlbirdsanthcahtiinngcr2eTahsee pian rmeenlttaicnigdpsouisntedwtiothmiankcreeaFsPinAgS toypiccaaletly4u0melCrt.atWhleisls etihtamn a1y00beCe.xSpleicgthetdstuhbalticmoantvieornosifopnetroftlhueoirrosoaclttasnfooicruasciedahsaFsPbAeSesnhroeuplordtreeddtuoce thtehiermvoslhaotiwliintyg,tnohteiscaelatbsldeifvfoleartgirleitayt.lyTahemocnomgtmhoenmlsyeluvseesdianmthmeoinrbieuhmavsailotr, wihn epanrthiceualtaerd,,swhiotwhss omeof pvolaetilirty atffailrlyluo(wAtoPeFmOpre)rwaaotusrreoesp.ocrFtoerdtetxoabameplanep,prtoohxeivmaaaptoetrlpy7erxe10somfsammHumogrnaitue2m0 Cand sublimatiwoasn repotoroctcueradt 130 C. Aacisdtuhdiygohlfiwgehtiegdhtthleadgisfbfeerheanvcieosribnythtehierrtmhoegrrmaavlimbeethraivcioarna.lyFsoisroefxvaamrpiloeu,sthsaelatsmomfopenrifulumorsaolotcbtaengoaincto swhhiolwewtehiegshodtliousmsisanltthdeid5n0o-1t0s0hoCwrwaeniggeh(t2l0o%swsuenitgilhatboluoststuhnede2r0t0h-2ec5o0ndCirtiaonngseu(s2e0d%atwe1i6g7htCl),ossat 298C). Dwhueentoutshienigrhtehaetremdaslorleustpioonnssea,nedxspoolsiudrsehteoatFePdApsroccaensoscecquuripemveennta,tarnodofmrtoemmtpehreavteunrtesbturteammosroefsliukcelhy equipment. `BehaivnWiaoterr `fTohremasotliuobniolfitmyibceehlalvairosrooluftFiPonAssanisdcloimqpuildexcr,yasstaelxppheacstese.d fPrhoamsesudrifaagctraanmtss,hwahviecbhecenanpuibnlvioslhveedthfeor aammmmoonniiuumm psaeltr'f.luIcnraododcittainoona,ttehe,reanadrefoarnvuamrbioeursosfartesloaftepderrfefleuroernocneosnaavnaoiileabalceidi,nitnhcelluidtienrgatturhee. `tTehmepesrolautbuirleitsyoolfubtihlietiFesPA(fSorvairsioetsrogpriecatsloyluwtiitohnscohfasiunrsftarcutcatnutreanadndwactoeurn)tewreiroen.meFaosruerxeadmpalseb,etihneg room paebrofultuo5r0o%nonfoarnoaamtem.onWiituhminpetrhfelpueorrfoolcutoarnoonaotnea,naoantdeafsabmeiliyn,gtahbeopuatre1n8t%pefrofrlaumormoonnoniaunmoic acid sthheoawmemdofnaiirulym,laoswsrtoaotmedteambpoevrea,tuwraessaolbuobuitli1ty8o%f. lAetsshitghhaenr0c.o2n%c,entthreatsioodnis,utmhesarletwwaass alibqouuitd2cr%y,staalnd formation. Temperature effects can acid rose to about 40-50% at 50C. be strong: the solubilityofthe sodium saltofperfluorononanoic Copy`rGiugihdte20t0o1tThheaSSafoeiHtaynotdhfeinagsoifcFslIunodruostp,olnycm. erABDiisgphetrsRieosnersved Page 14 `cTohnestpaanrtesntdepcerrefalsueorwoictahrbcohxayilniclaecnigdthsabreegimnonirnegawciidtihcptehrafnltuhoeriorpaelnitpahnaotiiccaccoiudn,t"ebrupatrtthse.paTrhenetaacciiddistyof oFfPpAesrfsltuilolrsoohcotwansouibcsatcanitdiawlaascriediptoyrtinedcoamsp2.a5r.i1saonndttohoethpeKrwaiosfe psiemrilfalrunoorn-ofnlouonrainnaaoctiedcdawcaisdsr.epTohretepdKa 5un2l.e6ss".thBeepcHauofsteohfetshoelauctiidoinciscfahirlay lroowf,atahpcepirrtopaaecrheirnntgatchiedsp,KFaPoAfSthaereplairkeenlty atcoidb,enfeuallrywihoincihzepdoint and below, formation ofthe undissociated parentacidcanbe expected. [ECOTOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION Dcoonnsiodterdaitsicohnas.rgeDdiissppoesrasliotonswtaotlearkewisl,lsptrroedaumcseorawmaitlekrywaaypsp.eaSreanecde.iscbueloswfsordiisoposnal `prTohfeifllesu,oraonpdoulsyemresrcsohmepdonceonnttacits ntohetitrosxuipc.pTliheresfotrabmiolrizeindegtsauirlfeadcetcanottsoxhaivnefovramraytiinognefcoortotxhieciirtyparticular product. FePnAviSraornmeecnatp.abBleecoafugseentehreasteinagnpieornfslduoonrooatlrkeyalcdialrybodxyleategaonrirmoentasatbhodaltiazeer,eptehresyihstaevnetithnethpeotential to accumulate. The ecotoxicology ofAPFO is thebeststudoifethde FPAs. APFO has been determined to be algistatc. It has a48-hour LCS0 value of 720 mg/L for daphnia. 4A0P0F1Omgha/sLafo9r6-rhaoiunrboLwCtSr0ouot.f740mg/L for fathead minnows, 634 mg/L for bluegillsunfishand DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS `Fsluuppolrioeprofloyrmienrfodrimsapteirsoinoonns ttyhpeiircaplalrythicauvleartphreofdoulctl.owing waste disposal considerations. Consult your Pfirletfeerirnrge.d oDpitsipoonsseoffodr rdiysspoolsiadlsairen: a(1l)anSdespialrattheatsiolipdesrmfirtotmedl,iqluiicdenbsyedproercriepgiitsatteiroendatnodmdaencaangteing or iifnidnucsitrniearlatsoorliids wcaasptaeb.leDoifsscchraurbgbeilnigquoiudtfhilytdrartoegteonawflausotreiwdeataenrd tortehaetrmaecnitdiscysctoemmb.u(s2t)iIonncpirnoedruacttes.only RunCdRerA/RUCSRAEP4A0CWFARST26E1.INDFisOpRoMseATinIaOnNa:utDhiorsiczaerddeldandpfrioldluscitteisornoitnctiynpeircaatlelyunadhearzaaprpdroouvsewdaste `CopyGruiighdts20to0tThheeSSoacfieetHyoanfdhleingaosficFslnudoursotyp,olIyncm. eArlDlRiIsgpnetrsRieosnesrved Page 15 croentmroovlelehdycdornodgiteinofnlsu.orTidhei.sproductmaybeincineratedabove800 C (1472F)using ascrubber to EdMisPpoTsaYl. CEOmpNtTyAcIoNnEtaRi:nEermspmtuysctonnottabieneurssesdhfoourldhboemepounrcpteurrseodnoarloutsheesr.wisedestroyedbefore: `AcoLntLaiDnIerSmPuOsStAbLe MinEaTcHcoOrDdaSn:ceTwrietahtmaepnptl,icsatbolreagfee,detrraaln,spsotrattaet/iporonv,iancnidald,isapnodsalloocaflthriesguplartoidouncst. and/or Cop`yGrunitde20t0o1 TthheeSSafoe cHaotnfdyiheiPnlgasotfcFslIundoursotrpyo,lIyncm.eArlDliRsipgesrRseiosnesed Page 16 ------ GLOSSARY Are3lervatainncge:toAhCumGaInHs:anTihmaelacgaernctiinsocgaerncriantoignegn.iCcoinnfeixrpmeerdimaennitmaallanciarmcailnsoagtenawrieltahtuivneklnyhoiwgnhdose, by wroorukteesroefxapdomsiunries.tArvaaitliaaobtnlieteepsi,doefmhiiosltoolgoigcicsttyudpieess,doornboytcmeocnhfaniirasnmmsinthcarteamsaedyrniostkbofecraelnecvaenttroto ehxupmoasnesdehxucmeapnts.undAevraiulnacbolememvoindeonrcuendloikeeslnyotrosuteus orgtlheavgettlshoeefaegsxepnotstiusrel.ikelytocause cancer in Algistatic: algicidal). Anagentthati active against algae,butdoes not necessarily destroy algae (i.e. not oArmgearniiczaantiCoonndfeevroetnceedotfo GtoheveardnmmineinsttarlatIinvdeusatrnidalteHcyhgniiecnailstassp(ecAtCsGoIfH)o:ccupatiAonparloafensdsional ecunrvriernotnAmeCnGtaIlHhTeaLlVt:sACaGndIHBEiIssnotbaogookvoerrsnemeenwwtwe.natictgyi.h.Foorrg.additional information refer to the Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate (PFO): ammonia saltofperfluorooctanoic acid, Ammonium perfluorooctanoate, or APFO, having the chemical formula C;F,s- CO;NH," is the APFO is satcaboimlimzoenfllyuoursoepdolFyPmAe.r dTihspiesrspieornfsl.uoAroPcFheOmihcaassleivsearaploswyenrofnulymssurfiancctlaundtinugsCe-d8t,oPeFmOulAs,ifFyCa1n4d3, and perfluoro ammonium octanoate. F[(ECPF:(CF;F)E-PCFrye)s,in(CiFs;a-CpFo)l,y}m,e.roIfttheatsraafmlueolrtoientghpyoliennteraanndgeheoxfa4f7l3u"o-r5o6p3roFpy(l2e4n5e-w2i8t0hCt)heafnodrimsula melt processible. dispersion. It is supplied in the form oftranslucent pellets, powder, or as an aqueous Fluoropolymer dispersions: consisting of finely divided ~_Fluoropolymer dispersions are an aqueous fluoropolymer particles suspended in water. formoffluoropolymer They are frequently used as ingredients for coating compositions create durable, nonstick surfaces. applied to metal surfaces or fiberglass cloth to aFvlauiolraoblpeolpyermfelruoProolaylmkeyrliczaartbiooxnyAlaitde(sFuPr4f)a:cta~n~tsF(Pe.Ag.S, aarmemmoenmibuermsaonfdasocldaisusomfpecrofmlmuoerroc-ioacltalnyoate). aFrPeAtSypairceaullsyedusteodsinuconsceanptnrdaeetmiuonnlssildfesystshoamne0f.l5u%o.ropolymers during manufacture or industrial use and aMgigcreelglaatressoluustuiaolnlsy:hSauvrefaocitlasnotlsuibnlewsautrefracctaannpttaaciklstobguentchheerdtotfoogremthageignrretghaetiresinctaelriloerds,miacneldlepso.larThese surfactantheads facing thewaterphase. `CopGyruiighdte20t0o1tThheeSSaofcieetHyaonfdthienlgaosftsFlIunodruostp.olnycm.erAlDRiisgpnesrsRieosnersved Page 17 sMturtaangdes)niicn:expoAsemductealgl.enIfingteerrfmerceeslwliatrhetihnevporlovpeedr, trheepleifcfaetcitonmoafygebneetinihcermiatteedriaanld(bcehcroommeospoamrte of the genetic pool passed onto aftr generations. cNoInOdSuHc:ts reTsehaercNhatoinonhaelalItnhstaintudtesaffoertyOcccounpcaetrinosn,atlesStas,fecteyrtaifnidesHreeaslptihraitsoras,feadnedratlraaignesncy. It occupational health and safety professionals OSHA: U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. PPeErLmsisasrieblTeWEAxpocosnucreentLriamtiiton(sPEtLh)at:muAsttneortmbueseedxcbeyeOdeSdHdAu.riUnnglaensys eniogthetd-ohtohuerrwwiosrek, sOhSifHtAo.fa cfaorntbye-hfoourunwdoroknwteheek.OSTHhAesweePbEsListe,arweoevxwp.roesshsaedgoavs.eight-hour TWA. Additional information ePnegrisnoenearlinPgroatnecdtaidvmiiEnqiustirpamteinvetc(oPnPtrEo)l:s are noPtPfEeaissiubsleeodrteoffreecdtuicveeeixnproesduurceisntgothhaezsaeredxspwohsuernes to acceptable levels. fPoFrAm:ulaP[F(ACFr(eOsRi)n~iCsFa)p,o(lCyFmye-rCoFf,)t,et]r,afwlhueorreocOthRylerneepraensdenatspearpfleurofrliunoartoeadlkvoinxyy!gretohuepr.haPvFiAn.g the pmeolwtdsera,t Sa7n2daFs(a3n00aqCu)eomuisndiimspuemrsainond.is melt processible. It is available in the form ofpellets, PfoluloyrmoeprolFyummere dFeecvoemrp:osition Aprotdyupectosf(ienxhhaaluasttioenfffleuveenrtsa,ssfoucmieast,edanwditghastehse).inIhtailsatcihoanraocfterized mbyaytebmepodrealrayyefdlua-plpikreoxsiymmaptteolmys4,-2w4hihcohurmsafyolilnocwliundge efxevpeors,urchei.llsT,haensde/overr,itcyooufgehf.fecStysmdpetpoemnsds pornotghreesesxitveentborefatohvienrghedaitfifincgualtnydatnhde lqautaenridietvyeilnohpaliendt.o sDeevceormeppouslimtoinoanrpyroedduecmtas.maEydepmraodmuacey be delayed and unlike polymer fume fever, requires medical intervention. PTFE: formula is [PCTFF,-ECFis},a,poPlTyFmEerdoceonssniosttimneglotftroefcuorrrminag ltieqturiadfalnuodrcoeatnhnyoltenbeemmoenltomexetrruudneidt.s whose On phreoatciensgsetdh,etvhierggienl rpeosiinnt, (itofftoernmrsefecrlreeadrtcoaoasltehsceambelletgienlgatpo6i3nt0)Fis2200F((31302CC)1l0o7w.erOtnhacnethat of the virgin resin. Its soldas a granular power,afinepowder,o an aqueous dispersion. cPoVpDoFl:ymPerVDofFviisnyalhidoemnoepfolluyormiedreoafndvihneyxlaifdleunoerfolpuroorpiedneehahvaivninggthtehefofromrumluala(C[H(,C-FC(FC,F]),-or a sCuFp)p,l(iCedHyi-nCtFh,e)f,o.rmPoVfDpFodpeorl,ympeerlsetmse,oltraats2a7n3a-q3u5e2ouFs (d1is3p4e-rs1i7on8.C) is melt processible, and is CoGnuiyde20t0o1tThheeSSafoe sHaonfdhie nFgiosftsFiiuonrdoyp,olnyem.erADRisapesrsRieosnesrved Page 18 --E----E---------------------------------------------------------------------- RbyCRCAon/gUrSesEsPiAn 1W9A76S.TERICNRFA'OsRMprAiTmIarOyNg:oalsarTehteopRreostoeucrtcheuCmoannsehrevaalttihoannadntdheReecnovvierroynmAecnttefnraoctmed `tahmeopuonttenotfiwalashtazeagrednseoraftweads,taenddtiospeonssautlroe,tchoantswearsvteeseanerregmyaannadgenadtiunraalnreensovuirrcoensm,etnotraeldluycseouthned minafnonremra.tiEonnaabvlaiinlagblleegfisrloamtitonheisUUS.SE.CP.AtOitflfei4c2e,ocfhSaopltiedr 8W2a,sstueb,seocrtviioantsh6e9U0R1Le:t seq. Additional "http://www. pagov/epaoswer/goerineentrata/l". cSoknitnrniobtuattiioonn:to the Souvebrsatlalnceexspolsiustreedbwyitthhedecsuitgannaetoiuosn r"oSuktien,"irnecfleurdtiongthmeupcootuenstimael msibgnrifaicnaanentsd `twhietheytehse,seuibtshtearnbcey.coVnethaicctlewsitprhevsaepnotrisnsoorl,ouftpiroonsbaobrlmeixgtruerateesrcsaingnailfsiocasnicgen,ifbiycadnitrleycetnshkainncceontact piroitteanttiioanl,sdkeirnmaabtsiotripstriaonnd.sIetnsshitoiuzladtiboen niontweodrkteharts,whtihleesespormoepemrtaiteesriaarlesnaorte ccoanpsaibdleeorfedcaruelseivnangt dwehremnataoslsoiggincianlgcaonsdkiitninoontactoiuolnd. sIitgsnhiofiucladntbleynaoftfeedc,t thhoewepovteern,titahlatfotrhededremvaelloapbsmoernpttioonfa. Uacsceuorfattehley squkainntidteastiegneaxtpioosnuirseianntdentdheadt tmoeaalseurrtetshetorepardeevretnhtatsaiginrifsiacmapntlicnugtaanleoonuesisabisnosrupfftiicoinent to may be required. wFwowr.adadcigtiiho.noarlg.information refer tothe current ACGIH TLV and BEIs bookorsee Sfyrsotmemtihce:bodSyy'ssteimniitcialefpfoeictntreoffercsonttoaactnaanddveprrseeshuepaplotshesefafebcstortphtatiotnakheassptlaakceenaptlaacleo.cation distant nToerramtaolgeenmibcr:yonAictedreavteogleonpm(eenmtbrwyiotthooxuitccoarufsetiontagoxliectahaglenetf)feicstatnotahgeenftettuhsatorindtaermfaergees twoitthhe hmeoatlhtehr.efEffefcettchtastatraekneostpilnahecreitaetdt.he~Tphoiisntcoonrtarraesatosfwciotnhtaaclto.caTlheeffseictte tmhaatyrbeefesrksitno, amnucadovuesrse `membranes, the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal system, eyes, etc. necessarily oceur. Absorption does not | tt sing Fp eprens TchornecsehntorladtiLoinmsiotfVsaulbuseta(nTcLesV)a:nd represTehntrecsohnodiltdiLoinsmiutnVdaelruwehsi(cThLitVisb)elrieefevredtothaaitrbnoearrnley all workers `imnadiyvbideruealpesautsceedpltyibeixlpitoys,ehdowdeavyearft,eradsamyawliptehrocuetnatagdeofvwhoeerakletrrhsefsmfeaceyts.exBpeeriecncaeodufiwssicdoeemfovarrtiaftrioomn in Safofmecetsedubmsotranecseesraitoucsolnycebnytraagtgiroanvsataitoonrobfealopwret-heexitshtriensghcoolnddliitmiiot;n aorsmbaylldeervpeelrocpemnetnatgeofmaany be `occupational illness. Smokingof tobacco is harmful for several reasons. Smoking may act to enhance Copyiaht 2001 The SocioefthyePPaagest19Indus, 1. AI Ris Reserved mtheechbiaonliogsimcsalageafifnecsttsotofxicchesumbisctaalnsceesn.coTuhnteearmeoduinntthaenwdonraktpulraecoeftahned imnafyorrmeadtuicoen atvhaeibloadbyl'esfodrefense TesLtaVblisihsianlgsao sTuLbjVect vtaorviaersifatrioomnsaunbdsttahnecleatteostsuTbLstVanceD;occounmseenqtuaetntiloyn,sthhoeuplrdecbiescioonnosuflttheed einstoirmdaetretdo assess the extentofthe data available for a given substance. `fTwlHiutYohr:imdeel,`tThiHanYvgipinsogianttthseerrfpaoonrlgmyiumnlegarof[fr(toCemFt,r2a-4fC0lFu,o)tr,oo~e3(t5Ch6Fy(lCFeFn(,e1),1-5ChFe,xta)of,1l(uC8oH0ryo-CpC)rFo)dp,eyJpl.ee.nndeTi,nHagVnodnisvgimrneayldltei:dperInoteciesssible available in pellet, agglomerate or as an aqueous dispersion. TchornecsenhtorladtLiiomniftorVaaclounv/eeTntiimoenaWlei8g-hhtoeudrAwvoerrkadgaey(aTnLdVa4-0T-WhAo)u:r wTohrekwteiemke,-wteoigwhhtiecdhaivteirsage believed effect. that nearly all - workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse - atTniusimsmouaerlsi.,geaTnsihwce:eplroTabusambtoihlreistdyo(sbtehe,antirogtunutmaeonardsncdwailnleclnegortcohcuousfr) edarxeeppoefsnoudrrsmeeosdntaotshaesswsuepbleslctiiaennsgc,ses.oerx,absntroarimn,alangdroawgtehooftfhe CopyGriigdhe20t0o1tThheeSSaofceetHyaonfdhienlgasoifcFsinuodrsop,olIynmc.erAlDRigshptesrsRieosnersved Page 20 REFERENCES "Kissa, ErikFluorinatedSurfactants; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1994, *Bemett, MarianneK.andZisman,W. A. J. Phys. Chem. 1967,71,2075-82 ? Nakayama,Haruo Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1967, 40, 1592-95. "Griffith, F. D. and Long,J. E. 4m. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 1980, 41, 576-83. *Lines, D. and SutcliffeH,. J. Fluorine Chem. 1984, 25(4), 505-12. *Tiddy, G. 1. T.J. Chem. Soc, Faraday Trans. 11972, 63, 608-12. Fontell, KristerandLindman, BjoJm.Phys. Chem. 1983, 87, 3289-97. . *Kiss, Ek FluorinatedSiefactants; Maree] Dekker: New York, 1994. *Moroi, Yoshikiyo; Yano, Jpn. 2001, 74(4), 667-72. Hiroaki; Shibata, Osamu; Yonemitsu, Tadashi Bull, Chem. Soc. Yiinen,Markl; Toxicol. 1990, 44, Kojo, 46-53. Annell; Hanhijrvi, Hannu; Peura,Pekka Bull. Environ. Contam. JpnM.or20o0,1,Yo7s4h(i4k),iy6o6;7-Y7a2n.o, Hiroaki; Shibata, Osamu; Yonemitsu, Tadashi Bull. Chem. Soc. CGouiEde!to tThhe cSafte HfandPingsof Fyluor:opolryem.eAr Diespersaioens s