Document evrnZKbopxwxOOknv7NbJB65m

Experiences after 1 year of PFAS crisis in Flanders Soil Management Department, OVAM Mechelen, Belgium ENSOr4 - 20-21 October 2022 `PFAS, more than a technical matter' How helpfull is media attention for solving problems ... ? PFAS became a priority for other environmental administrations, for local authorities, for research institutes, ... This resulted in a more intensive cooperation Content Introduction 1. Inventory of PFAS contaminated sites in Flanders 2. First results & insights - fire services related sites 3. Guidelines for soil investigations 4. Trigger values for PFAS in soil and groundwater 5. What's next? Outlook towards the future INTRODUCTION Before the crisis ... Exploratory measuring campaign on PFAS (2016 - 1018) Inventory of risk activities 24 sites were selected; soil and groundwater were analyzed for 21 PFASs Conclusions: Especially on fire fighting training grounds soil & groundwater are contaminated with PFAS PFAS must be included as a suspect substance in soil investigations These actions were started: preventive actions in collaboration with fire services organizations development of trigger values for PFAS in soil & groundwater identification and inventory of PFAS contaminated sites www: `PFAS in soil and groundwater development of guidelines for soil investigation around risk activities in Flanders' Accelerated by the crisis ! 20/10/2022 5 1 Inventory of PFAS contaminated sites Inventory of PFAS contaminated sites In Flanders: inventory of land with risk activities (`GI') Use of fire extinguishing foam Not included in `GI' Call to local authorities (July 2021, first part) for inventory of o Fire service training site o Fire service facilities (industry) o Fire extinguishing calamities o Military training areas and airports o Civil airports Result: 826 locations (fire service training sites and calamities) 20/10/2022 7 Inventory of PFAS contaminated sites PFAS processing industry Call (July 2021, second part) to local authorities for inventory of risk activities as determined in the study of 2018 o Textile industry o Paper industry o Galvanic industry o... Result: more than 4.000 locations (screening and prioritisation is still going on - two consultants) 20/10/2022 8 Investigation of fire services related sites In July 2021 OVAM started with the investigations By soil experts commissioned by OVAM (+/- 40 sites/month) `Preliminary' soil investigations (according to a specific protocol): Focused on PFAS Limited sampling in source area Sampling at borders of source area (to estimate risks surroundings) Decision whether further soil investigations are needed Determine priority class (1-5) Determine `no regret measures' by the Agency of Care and Health (AZG) 20/10/2022 9 What after the preliminary soil investigation? Meeting OVAM/AZG Letter with offical request from OVAM to operator or owner (`polluter pays' principle) descriptive soil investigation: Investigation of the whole contamination Determine the risks of the contamination Communication by AZG to the local authorities about the no regret measures 20/10/2022 10 No regret measures Agency for Health and Care advice to residents in the neighbourhood 100 rn ) of PFAS risk sites (fire fighting training sites and sites large industrial fires) to limit : No regretmaatregelen brandvveeroefenterreinen en site.s van een zware industriele end V laanderenibe To avoid,/ I innit* Consumption of local food (eggs. vegetables) Use of groundwater (as drinking water, irrigation of kitchen garden and swimming pool) Use of compost Apply exposure migitation measure for soil contact *Advises are more stringent for vulnerable populations 'no regret' advises will be re-evaluated and communicated after evaluation of on site measurements Flanders State of the Art 20/10/2022 11 I VIM! 1-ILK WE MAKE TOMORROW MORE BEAUTIFUL OVAM No regret measures - in database DOV Databank Ondergrond Vlaanderen PFAS regels beeld instellen n de kaartlaag niet zichtbaar fs. zoom in Itot op .000 voor sommige kaartlagen). Actuele no regret zones iPFAS) Legende opgeheven preventief ingesteld locatiespecifiek vastgesteld 0 X Middelpunten no regret zones IPFASIr >Legende Profielen IPFASI >Legende Inventaris brandweedoefeffiterreinen en incidenten IPFASI >Legende GRB-basiskaart selectie 0 X O X 0 X 0 X MMB-basiskaart - grijswaarden bLegende Orthofotomozaihk, middenschalig, o winteropnamen, kleur, meest recent, Vlaanderen Vul nier een zoekterm of adres ir Home Over ons I Meld een probleem I PrivacyverklarIng Disclaimer Selecteer gebied Q Q Log ir PUS Lakrtaffriforilni lagen kiezen ro km Schaal = 500000 NV / XY CLambert721: 50340 248230 20/10/2022 12 Disdaimer Actuele no re:ret zones IPFAS) Bron Dt Preliminary soil investigations on fire services related sites - in database DOV 20/10/2022 13 Current state of affairs 826 fire fighting related sites inventoried on 619 sites preliminary investigations are started 97 sites appear to be not PFAS suspected 397 investigations are in completion phase of which 268 are finished (i.e. local communities informed) For 189 out of 268 finished preliminary investigations there is a need for further action: a descriptive soil investigation and possibly remediation 20/10/2022 14 2 First results & insights - fire services related sites Evaluation of results of the first preliminary soil investigation reports 68 reports were evaluated Amount of reports Further investigation needed No further investigation needed Soil analysed (59) 23 (39%) 36 (61%) Groundwater analysed (55) 47 (85%) 8 (15%) Per site: max conc in soil and in groundwater for the different PFAS listed Soil investigations (fire services related sites) Frequently found PFAS parameters (in more than 25% of the cases max conc > target value) Soil Groundwater Soil and groundwater 8:2 FTS PFBA PFOS 10:2 FTS PFHxA PFHxS PFHpA PFOA PFPeS PFBS 6:2 FTS PFPA Focus for further research on risk assessment, setting of trigger values, ... Soil investigations (fire services related sites) Effect of pavement? High variability in PFAS compounds (fingerprinting) Old extinguishing foam: PFOS important New extinguishing foam: 10:2 FTS, 8:2 FTS en 6:2 FTS Before / after 2011 - difficult to distinguish Different composition in soil vs groundwater (complex leaching behaviour) I Fie(orpbasiis annaxicone)ningg ro (5) ] ) BR CEH Hip BRULEE pi EE i HE HHIHHERRUHHIHUILRIHHURHHH Poor WHT i Hi vreini, rvntp vsw--erl--nn rwa--o e--rnvga wu--s-- po o--e--n-- sTrcees w wootmavan rs mwmoaseets swoairnts soawtieress so----n ; 7, Flanders oo Hingerprinting (Op basis van max conc per locatie) in grondwater (%) TIIiHiiHiOiiPibDiRRRRAHGREIiiliRRiHiiiR iiiY ipiBiHiiHiPiliPliIiaPiiHsyEg HINER IH HER IHHHU EHRRIR] HioHn Tem HoPeD aHonD amen PHan HH TT L eT me mA emn oTaImmmnmumeno,nomom nmnmm ommom emd T Tor IvoL r. T v------ vt ------ en [S Flanders {\ Stateof the Art. 3 Guidelines for soil investigations Available guidelines on PFAS General guidelines When is a soil investigation needed? When is PFAS a `suspected' substance? Specific recommendations on PFAS - analytical methods Excavated soils Guidelines for preliminary soil investigation Code of good practice - additional guidelines for descriptive soil investigation General guidelines on PFAS When is PFAS a `suspected' substance? Soil investigation Technical report List of risk activities - high/limited risk for PFAS contamination of soil & groundwater High risk: PFAS production sites PFAS processing industry (galvanic industry) Sites where fire fighting foam was used (fire incidents & fire fighting training grounds) include PFAS when soil investigation is needed Include PFAS in technical report on excavated soil Checklist for sampling Analytical method: CMA/3/D LC - MS/MS Starting date: 1/9/2020 Guidelines for descriptive soil investigations - Code of good practice - some highlights A conservative & pragmatic methodology is followed for risk assessment: 3 groups: PFCAs / PFSAs / other PFAS Sum PFCAs PFOA Sum PFSAs PFOS Other: highest value PFOS Guidelines for descriptive soil investigations - Code of good practice - some highlights For large vegetable gardens: analyses of vegetables is needed When free range chicken are present: analyses of eggs is needed 4 Trigger values for PFAS in soil and groundwater Overview of soil thresholds used in Flanders soil remediation standards nature agriculture residence recreation industry background values target values conc in soil soil values for free use values for construction purposes excavated soil Criteria for soil improving agents and fertilizers conc in soil added to soil conc in fertilizer Development of soil criteria for PFAS Only for PFOS and PFOA: necessary data available to derive soil remediation criteria Soil remedition criteria are derived by VITO, for PFOS & PFOA human tox: using transfer & exposure model S-Risk ecotox : same values used as RIVM (NL) lowest value is retained Criteria for excavated soil & soil materials: most urgent for free use of excavated soil for construction purposes derivation based on soil remediation criteria & leaching properties Discussion in working groups with different experts & stakeholders resulted in a temporary action framework soil criteria were adjusted; applicable since April 19, 2022 Soil remediation criteria for PFOS - soil PFOS Land use type Human tox (g/kg dm) I/II nature / agriculture 3,1 III residence 205 IV recreation 1.949 V industry 1.949 Ecotox (g/kg dm) 3 18 110 Soil remediation value (g/kg dm) 3,8* 3,8** / 18 110 * adjusted for background value & target value ** for residential area with vegetable garden / free range chicken coop 9.100 110 Applicable since April 19, 2022 Temporary framework Soil remediation criteria for PFOA - soil PFOA Land use type Human tox (g/kg dm) I/II nature / agriculture 4,3 III residence 205 IV recreation 643 Ecotox (g/kg dm) 7 89 1.100 Soil remediation value (g/kg dm) 4,3 4,3* / 89 643 * for residential area with vegetable garden / free range chicken coop V industry 643 50.000 643 Applicable since April 19, 2022 Temporary framework Soil remediation criterium - groundwater Soil remediation criterium for groundwater is set at the European limit for drinking water: 0,1 g/l for the sum of 20 PFAS (Drinking Water Directive) & 0,5 g/l for the sum of all quantitative measurable PFAS Applicable since April 19, 2022 - temporary framework Background values, target values / values for free use of excavated soil PFOS PFOA Sum PFAS (quantitative measurable) Background values (g/kg dm) 1,5 1,0 Target value / free use of excavated soil (g/kg dm) 3 3 8 For the use in construction purposes less strict criteria can be applied, on the responsibility of the soil expert. Applicable since April 19, 2022 - temporary framework Implementation in legislation A demand for more legal certainty from stakeholders implementation in legal documents EFSA's recommended daily intake of PFAS translated into food criteria new update of the framework by VITO: Soil remediation criteria Land use type PFOS (g/kg dm) PFOA (g/kg dm) I/II nature / agriculture 3,8* 2,5* * adjusted for background value & target value III residence 4,9 7,9 IV recreation 110 632 V industry 268 303 Implementation in legislation For excavated soils / soil materials: target value / free use Background values (g/kg dm) Target value / free use of excavated soil (g/kg dm) PFOS 1,5 3 PFOA 1,0 2 Sum PFAS (quantitative 8 measurable) + quality test for underwater applications & applications in drinking water protection zones For use in construction purposes: decision tree & methodology based on leaching - max. conc = highest SRV Decision process is ongoing, not yet final! 5 What's next? Outlook towards the future Ongoing actions and research activities Leaching of PFAS from soil to groundwater: experiments + modelling Diffuse presence of PFAS in groundwater in Flanders Development of methods for dealing with the sum of PFAS in action frameworks Characterisation of PFAS in soil & groundwater on sites with different risk activities, using non target methods Measurement of PFAS in house dust & contribution to exposure ... International knowledge exchange: EmConSoil, ... Thank you for your attention OVAM Public Waste agency of Flanders www.ovam.be EmConSoil: www.ovamenglish.be/emconsoil