Document evban9Y9jbE9jkQwz2awMwmyE

VVVDO 4 01511 TO: .. 1!. Fenner CC: W. P. Rairee far tivaor' g*. ** i- auu * October 9* IS RE: r.USGESTLP CHAHCES "COfCHOI. OF A51CST0S FROF, INDUSTRIAL AM OCMQJCI^a. Be our conversation this morning, the following art sgr ccifsnts and changes for the article co-authored by yourself. Bill Belts#, Harold Boaer and Duncan Holeday. 1 have also noted a few typos and staple word changes oa the attached copy of the pcper. pco x, First Paragraph: As I sectioned to you over the phone, BUI Baines and I are both extresely disturbed tqr the stateaent that the Inproper handling of asbestos producss a health husrd for lh general public. For years, we have been preachlac the gospel that asbestos does sot constitute a haaard to the general public, 1 realise, of coarse, tost the stateaent was not of your doing, but you can sursly appitdate the position it would place *Mt la to have a paper appear ooauthored by yourself atfaltting that there is such a haaard, Z believe very atroi^ly that every effort should be aade to change the wording *f that stateaent net only in the final submitted version of the paper, but also in the copies ttiat will be available to press people at the Conference, Be can really be beaten over the head with this atatenant If it gets into the wrong hands. Page 1, Second Paragraph: While it is true tint the first ease of ssbeetoeis was reported in 1906, the dleeaee was not reoognlisd as an occupations! hazard for aabsstos 'ndustry work*re until 1930 (herewether). J-fl bsgaa investigations into asb*stosr*lat*d diseass in 1929, bat the stateaent in the paper indicates tint the inductor should have been aware of the problem 25 years e-r1i*r, which vac not the case. Page 1, Third Paragraph: To the best of ay knowledge, Selikoff's work has dealt strictly with the insulstioa workers. He has not "engaged in sons very conprehensive studies of the construction trades." I don't thin): w* should attribute to hia oore experience in the field than he has earned. Page 2, First iaragraph: Thin entire paragraph worries ne because it shifts Iron a uiecu sion of the general public to neighborhood cases and back to t>) general public again. It tends to leave the impression that what applies to the one, applies equally to the other, which of course is not the case. See ay suggested word changes to try and diffsrentiate between the two. Page 2, Second Paragraph: "Evident" cr>rv>r> froo the word "evidence," and I do r. - t thit.;-. th- t th, evident r- indir.nt' r "that we mur.t take atepe." '*> rir't tnk- etepe as a "preceut i or." until moi*e evidence la available, b.g wv it evidence exist.* no, doe* r.r.t d-rsc ) set lon.j PLAINTIFFS -no r*- EXHIBIT JM-2I13 -2- rimt Paragraph: ^ would ho;* that bag filters will. an efficiency in eu-i.. Ul* - a. r more t:.a.i "readily available." I would hojjq that companies are using then. If ao, I think wa should say It* Pag* 51 Second Paragraph: If auch negative praaaura bag houaaa are MteM>I7, ay question would be: are they available and are Uy being wait Page 7, Fourth Sentence: I'a not quite cure what la naant by **<11 aadvattapaoua to t: ambient air." I assure this aeane that "aaibootos fiber any be released into the ambient air." I hope It doean11 naan that the anbient air becomes dangerous to breathe. tags 9i First Paragraph: 1 think More ahould be aade of the fact that the basic reason why asbestoe a praying caught on ao readily waa because of ito rue. chenrer cost, risying up this "advantage" would give nore clout to thr bt .te lent at the bottom of the first paragraph on page 11. a Page 10, First Paragraph: w* are not familiar with tin paper Mentioned in the sixth ecnter.re, Could you ask Bill Aeitea for a nr*-Tni>''rt*irn C j Vi ^ k iui US Page 11, Second Paragraph: I a* not positive about thia, but I think the paper could be nore positive about natural sources of asbestos. The paper constantly uses the word "nay" to describe bow asbestos could get Into the air. I think Sid Spoil's work is advanoed far enough to warre i.t a "does get into the air." Tow could check with hia on this. Throughout the pejer: I think that the word "construction" la used Much too freely in the poper. Throughout the paper, the taraa "construction industry" and "construction trades" are used in a eery general fashion, when actually what is being referred to art certain aagMaata of thia industry. For example, studies have been done of the insulation workers and shipbuilders, but X know of no studies of carpenters, or electricians, or brick-layers, or even of the sen who sprey asbestos. The danger in this over generalisation la that it can lead to the inpreasioe that all user, of asbestos in construction or by the conetruction lrJcc. liave beer, studied and have been found to be dangerous. This, of course, is aisply not so, anl could lead the reader to think that any uae of asbestos in construction ic hazardous and should be regulated or banned. I have tried throughout the paper to be more specific when the tens "construction" is used. 1 feel this suggested correction is equally as important as My comments regarding the health hazard for the general public and the qil1ern..ion between the general public and those people who live near a plant or sine. I hope these suggestions and comments do not cause too nurh trouble when it conec. to revising the poper. Some of their. I consider to be of much oore importance th.-ui others, and I have emphasized those. If you have any other questions, let r know. * --' iS-yy CODTTMM. or ASOgSTOS FIMB MMMM non lavmui and <)liu B. Rei tse Director - Field Studies Envi ronncnlal Science* Laboratory Mount Sinai School ot Medicine Z. M. Fenner Director of bn roneart al Ooetrol Johne-Maavllle Corporation Manville, K.J. B. A. ksladay Associate |Mi Mae Park City. Aabeetoa baa been tamed the naglc Mineral and it is tfMly just that. In tbe United ttatee alene tkara are ever BOO,BOB tans need la thousands of different pradnntn. tbe praBnsts ran the pn* ut tram every day fleer tile and brake linings bn the More anoCin beat shield* for noon rockets. Aahnataa, like slant all pradnaha used in our nodera tanhanlap nan, it iapraparly handled, ynaBaan health hazarda both for then* paepla making with it the ; moral population la areas ekara aaksatee is aaralasaly handled. Aabeetoa reletrd diseases have bean knoen la eoenpational a groups for sons years, tko first ease of asbestosla (entanaivo pulnooary fibroaia) vas reported by Montagna Murray 1 in 1B0B. ii'l. indies dealt primarily vit* factory papnlatlaaa. Mere recently, investigators have studied corkers ebo handled asbeatos s products outaid* the factory onvlroonent. Asbestos related diaease anong the shipyard eorkere was well documented by Harris* 2 and others. 3-d Sellkoff and oanorkers have engaged in some Yt atudloa of tta aaatwie tlon trsdaa, HI a vork net only confirmed asbaatoals flndtnga but pointed to so 1noresee la incidence of broeohogeric eanoer pleural and peritoneal mecotholioaa Tber'* reporta dealt rtlh occupational exposure - sitter fas* certain aeosmts ofth* Cory^^ttflKWSflfiHBBBKftHBir Duriac Ikt iii0*f aotv-oeeupatiooal --lato^STirt ttdto I began studios onaeaiiBWiwwppBiWBB^^ t# asbestos related noopl Eiriluoto - Finland, Thoaiaon 10 and Vagner in South Africa, Thonr-on 11 in London as soil as Investigators la the United la higher than noraal rats of oortcla e, -- "*Tr**** ^r~JTM 1 people living in the Tlclnitr of anoRg" ifiUteMSNMMnaCasbsstos factorise and mass. ... on the potantial tealth haaarda of jin the aabli_________ public those people not occueeti >rT'oo*< So asbestosi'to tho general *the UsH.tad factual data oollocttd laassa ca J A living in tee . with many uaaaesaraa sweations, teat la the presoat level I vicinity of ydacti of asbestoa fiber la anbisat sir? Chat are the large asureso of fiber eolations into the air? Shat are safe liadta ef asbestos fiber in aabiant airT When we apeak of aaboatoa fiber as a eausal agent in nooplanas of shat Bias fi Are there any cocarcinogens Involved? Ctudles are currently undersay seeking aeoaort to questions. & Jnueh reeded information will not he avail able i v Vwouldje adrlaabla an a precautionary for several years. In the neantlae it 1 JSBgyr Ssj take steps to reduce the mount of asbestos fiber that is pernit- ted III kl.. anbisat air. There are fiva najor sources irom ehicb asbestos fiber enters CMtObuun >ca^rrwtrr3b t dk tho air - (1) alning (2) milling (3) manufacturing (4)^eonstruc- tlon npass and (5) naturally occurring sources. The first four arc created by nodern nan's technology and the last by normally occurring changes in our environment. First let us consider mining, and milling. Since most of tlie athost os nlnod in North America is taken from open pit nines, the prouw 01 controlling UMr uuw lit* tk Mbiwt air ii difficult to solve. Litod la the eturti Mw or* tto rtM operation* m both the niaoo and nil la and tha afeiaf aMMl of cvwirvl currently i*. mm la Berth Anerlea. Drilling Blasting tlllK (W FIT Snail bag collectors vatar Ko fcnooi netbod for efficiently control1lag enlssloos to anbleat air Material Handling Shoveling Filtered air cab (protects earhar only) lbs use of vatar to aoafc piles of or* is Material Saadi lag Filtered air cab (protects atrtat only) Handling Covered load - canvas Roadwaya Hoad etaballaation progren oil Vast* disposal Tallies are ooverad with earth - referentetlon Control nathoda in certain mlnine operations lam ouch to 4HJF b* deal rod. Methoda for controlling anlsaiona fron bleating 4* virtually non-existent. Dust oontrole la natorlal handling still need considerable developnant hum' Crusblac Bag niter*- a ayslaso soy BB tMBt as B frtMlp Or* (trying taf mor - a^eyslsBO asp BB M|. B Milling Bag niter Classification Air Separation Bag niter a Packaging Solid vaata dlaposal Bag niter * Tailings are savorad with earth - raferaatatlas * niters usually tfaned la a 0 T The technology to affectively Mttnl irtwtw llliag air ilou la an tka ahslf. Bag filtara ltt attlalMf la esssaa of 90% are rsadily available. Basest Hwrtwi wfHn tbs relationship of tag bouse efflclouey aui filar a&aa krra pointed up tba aaad for oora data froo tba uadloal eaanuuity uprtUf the biologic activity of tba euhuleroa aaboatea fibers. Much of tba aalsalooa of aoboatoa flbar froo uanufnotnrlng oparatlosa result froo afforta to lagrm working ooodltiaua within tba plaot. Ibe notarial esllasted fm tbs sorb plaoa suat ba diapoaad of la aucb a way as to provost Its asoaps to tba mblent air to production Um --lag Mliitw MAVUFACTmibB Aaboatoa cwont product* - floor tile - friction --rial - rtllw. It. Dry a--/or *>t mix lag opoalag Bag dueplag Bag diapoaal Baclooure or bo-- to bag boabet acre--art are ai-- no-- f-- dry Hi Protein* Moulding - Forming - bet aLock bat fu-niab Vet furaiob >o daat Blurry - -- duet blurry - -- jduot Drylag k curbing Little or no dwat general-- during operatl-- riaiablag --ttlag grinding a--lag, pi--lag r--tiag Mo) acure -- he-- - to bag baa-- Packaging fc Shipping Bagging Boxing n*. w M M. larobouaiag B-- Material Pialah product VoeauB a--eper to dlapooable bog t with fee exception* the negative yrmwt bag bo--o lo portaapo the unit of choice for Mb--too fib-- o--trol la a aaaufocturlag proc--a. A high efficle--y (MV) la --o--aary f-- adequate oc troi . lUKurAcrnmw) Asbestos Text11* Cardtnc VIllosing inciosurss, hoods er plcfc-epg vested te bag bouse. Weaving Spinning Tvisting Certain operstioes asy he performed ahlle the fiber is aolst thereby ridarlag gust. . Material handling Bag opening Bag sept) ing Bag disposal Bina Bobbins Spools laclosur* or hood to tag torn ________________________________________________________1 In textile aamufacturlng iuia OMtrol Is slightly Ait* ferent in that such of the dust css be suprasasd by ess of ester is the eeavini, tvi sting, end splsuing, phase*, behestss testlle processing is still the soet troubleeoe* of the essafasterlng epos* atlons involving asbestos. cowsn. JCTIOS USES Tho bulk oi the asbestos used in the sorld Is eaestSMd by the construction industry, Steaa pipes sad boilers sre Insulated with a ealciua silicate oaterlsl cootalslng HM asbestos fiber. An asbestos liber containing ceoent is used to plaster boilers, breeching* and reactor vesaels la cheelcal plants sad oil refin eries. Aabestoa containing board la used aboard ship for fire proof bulkheads. in spite of the fact that the construction trade*; use eany dozens of asbestos containing products ,r the use of eost o. these products (those with asbestos "locked-ln" by plastic or eeeent) contributes very li'tle to aebiont air pollution. ItliksK baa yetiM out Ut an of utcrtil erutM a Mf*n kNltl ItMrt te i Hilt oceapitiMil hasard It doe U ' ittritl bcn-- airborne, la aa eeolaeed this vary fact works utiHt aabeateo fiber air. Of tan, abee mi attoapt la aMt to basards in tba work place, aweb aa air raBoaal trow a ablp's m partnont or aa lasuletloa fabrlcatloa shop, tba results ara disadvantageous to tba aabiaat air. bay tlaa aaboatoo ooatala* in* aatariai rwcr-e-1 fr~> a work piece, ut<<a lu should 9 ba takan to praaoat Its ascapa late aablaat air. Ba( boaao -* collectors ara aaallabla ablcb oolloet Coat from tabsloallea ab aacb5 nary and deposit it la a dlapoaabla piaatla bag on* of the greatest aourcos of aeboatoa fiber solas! cMQmm air frow^construction applleatlo^arlaoo froo to on construetl< altoa. Cow dost aad aerop frcei tba cutting fitting of calcloo alllcata block and pipe cowering ara aeatterod about bulldlnp altoa. Tba material la tbsa ground nndorfoot or truck tires aad carried aaay. A saall portion eventually booooea airborne. Cootrol aotboda for tbls type of aadsalon daaanda care, coaaon aonaa and good boueekeepiag practices ratkar tkan eophia- tlcatad dust oollactlng equipment. Asbestos c o n ta in in g b u ild in g M ta r la ls iiKtriu^ the I960'* th> I*** of asbestos la fireproofing spray application hat incressod greatly. The use of flreproofldg spray hjs aiany advantages foi the designcr, the builder, sad the cor.:;::--.- r. di-M,------ 1 - - d-slgn s buildlag aere pi4 in;- i.< lit, i ><-, i In Lniililii fcovc- conn l rue l loti t lao sad the contuacr public enjoys a' safe, econoelc building. Advaatags* accompanied by ci^advantagea. The appllcstloa of Sprayed alaeral fiber containing asbestos sa presently does la tbs Ualted States contributes large quantities of asbestos fiber lato the aableet air each year. The spray application of lasulatloa is described in detail in a paper by Reitze, Nicholson, sad Sslikoff 12 In preaa. Briefly, tbs aetbod is as folloes: A rnaasrr1 sily prepared dry aix Is saptied into s bopper sad poeuaatteally conveyed to a nozzle. At the nozzle tbs material is aiaao vita water and the resultant aatsrlal sprayed upoa the eurfece to be fireproofed. In another application aetbod the aaterlal Is aised with water and the slurry Is pumped to tbs point of appllcstloa. These materials are applied to structural steel enabers of high rise buildings, colusuis, spandrels, bar Joists, etc. as veil as the steel <3echini; between floors. In aost cities throughout tbs I'nited States readily visible quantities o. uL.ilal containing taicriil art added to the amblsnt air during this spray applica tion. Since Hay of 1970 when New York City Introduced Stringent regulation- governing the spray operation, great progress has been made in developing potentially effective control procedures. P"ra:.raph 2 of the orders issued (> the New York City C'ntinliir, of Air- kshuuicrs read*- as follows: >0 2. Th# tiri i ioor, or Um o Uc floor to bo insulated oholl bo enclosed elth plastic or other appooooi tarpaulins in a oonoor vbich shall proclod* tbo oacopo / of a*boiu-cM.tafaiBC material iron loe oocloooro. All Interior open artaa. Buck aa elevator shafts, Stairsoil S, otc., okalX bo enclosed lo a oanaor nblob aboil proowt tbo toeapt of esbestoo-coataialag notorial fren tbo tark* lag area. "Stack affect" of the okofto, stnlvoollo, otc., ahaXl be considered in providing proper oocloooroa. do oneloaura will be canaldorad aatiafoctarr only If visible looulattag mat anal ennoot ooeapo frao tbo aooXoouro. ^ Canvas or plastic Is nood to ilooo bollding perlnetere, stair- veils, aod olovator Oifts, npoolaX tsrpo boon boon nods aa o ecstasised bcsl- to feceooodsto the different eolian aod opandral plaoaoent. Vasta aotorlsl is prnoptly shoveled or vooosMd lato plaatic bags for aafo dlapoool. Othar aotbods for oootroX of oolsoloos freo oprop aro ooiroot- lj boing vorkod on. A oatbod of pre-daaplog tbo flbrouo notorial, developed by Turner-Swell Conpeny la toglaod, lo currootly boing atudlod for poaalblo adaptation to doorlcaa aotbods. Monfsetiirys are altering formulations la ardor to reduce oobootoo flbor cootoot. nevertheless, despite tbooa advaoeos. It Bust bo ooaaldorod that oathods of controlling aobostoo flbor onlssiono froa ooo- atruction altaa are still la tbo dovolopoantal Otago. COST Cost of asbestos fiber control varies greatly. The typo of control units needed la ollllng and aanufacturlng, l.a. - bag bouse, carries a ooderste to high coat - particularly la initial investment, Hovever, one should not loss sight of tho fact that u- CO'iewiion unit* ilso serve te collect product ar^ atari*1 that eaa be rtturaM to tW aiau(Ktrti| pcaeeee. teat of trol In tba construction iRduitrjr la tar --ra ttftladt te determine. Many 01 iha uuiiw. (uocodures ara vary teapla in themselves but since tbejr involve cork practiced, te aapdrnakon suit ba close ate constant. tea aaat at taatral la array application auat ba vieved in arapar |mpaetm. tea oonpsr1son of coat* betveen a apray yob 1th proper eaatrol aaaauraa ate one i tbout such aaaauraa daaa aat ravaaX Uw aatlra picture. VhoB evaluating apray eoatrol caata, tba caat at a ralaforead concrete building vhich antea a apray abould proparly aanra aa a baaa iina. EMISSIONS ntOM KATUhAL lomicn It va vara abla to obtain ltX/% central ate pravant aabaa kaa fiber tron raterlag tba anMoat air froa tealag, telling, naaulecturing, or coaatructlon procaaaaa it any ba that va vould still have fiber froa naturally acaurrlag aaarBaa aataring tba ataospbere. Whan va teat for aan-aada aourcaa of.flbar pollutioa, ve nust consider tea background 1arris vhleh aatura Bight con tribute to the sablent air. in the United States asbestos flbar occurs in alaoet all of the 50 atstaa. Whan Mr. Menry W. Johns foutesr of tha JohnsIkanvi 11c Corporation needed naterlal for his roofing business in 1879 - the asbestoe fiber ha used caaa froa vorkings in one of Mev ,ork City's boroughs. Asbestos flbar outcropping can still be found in tha confines of he* York City, teosa areas of 12 the won a where rock abounds, ww> as tk* Appuachlas Ridge, are particularly rich m aabeatoa. All Mrymtla* mck contain* ainutc quantities of asbestos fiber. Afcwfrss tne (..:; iki-rring eoereed Mf eater the aabier.t air in several ways. Kaposed reek (urfMM tbe subject to wind and water erosion, book slides may eaatrlbute asbestos fiber to the aebiont sir. finally, ebee serpsetlne rock is cruabed aad used for road construction, it nay ooetrlbute to the fiber found lb aeblent air. SUttURY 9 Asbestos is not only extremely useful bet In noes arena highly essertial to our Ilfs, but, like eeet ether agents essd today, asbestos can. If Inproperly handled, produaa adverse effect a upon our bealtb. with certain exceptions the teebaolagy to control asbestos fiber emissions into Mhlant sir is swell- able, it only need be applied. The aoat eotsble secep- tions where prectlcal opaent are - (1) opes solutions still need considerable bevel* CurCau/n j&JOfirwJU tj pit nlnlnr. <21 construction industry; A* t Ik* Mr af WIIMltK u tkll to eaclaeer* n(*r4 la lad**trial forewiwt activities. Ik* tklat aa Hated sad evaluated. aJGxJt i.*. aialac, niltn, aetkoda af eoatrol ar* (lm. Mala preeeat tank*nlnp la adequate - if pnparly a^Ual > far allllac d aaaafoaturli operations, auek aor* work east ka da** ta develop edeqeat* pollutia* eoatrola far apa* pit a *t Oaa of tk* aavar aaareaa af aaiaala* la tka apray applleatiaa af aakaataa aaattlalap aatarlal la dll la detail. Tba protolaa of aakaataa fikora released ta air froa naturally occurring aouraaa la MBtiaasd* Th* conclusion* raaebad ladiaata tkat wltk tl** affart, aoaay and a lot of lageaolty, tka aaaaat af flkar ral ad to aaklaat air aaa ka aakataatlally IRUOORAPMY l. Murray, fe.M., 1*07 la Myort of tkt Departmental CattttM on cnapr-aation for laduetrial DIMM*. Minutes of Svidanee, Appendices wd Mm: 9.4. *4**. 9.4. 9444 I]mm aad Moms, laiMiw, tec land 3. Harriet. P.c., 1*6 JUbMtM Masards la ted Backyards. Ann. O'?up. Hyr 3. Sellkof t, I.J., Churc, J. and S.C., 1364 Ulnin tepoaura and Rooplseia. J.A.M.A. 1M:23-3* 4. Soli feoff, I.J., Churc, J. Md Manana*, K.C., 1M* tel atton Retoesn Asboatoa tepoaura and Msaotfeallana. . ten teg. 4. ted. 273:360-363 3. Sallkoff. I.J., Churf, J. and Naaaoad, S.C., 1*66 Ite Occurrenca of Asbaatoaia Aaoac Asbestos Oerters in the Uni tad Siataa. Ann. of tfea X.t. Acad, of telaaoaa 1:1-156 C. SiMoni, l.C. , Sclifeoff, 1. J.. Chore, 1., IMS Bseplssit Aneoc Insulation Workara la tfea V.l, With Mpacial Mafaranoa to ladle Abdoauaal teoplaaia. Ana. of tfea R.Y. Asad, mt Mtlanaan 133: 316-32 3 7. Kiailuoto, Kalao, 1*43 Planral PI anaaa and Achates: tel Thai1 Observation* oa tedaade and atfear teaOoaupstIanal Aahactnala. Ana. of tfea R.Y. Acad, of id sacas 1311 *31 33* I. Laanaaaa, Aruo, L. tero, V. laual o, 1*63 Achat as Air tellotion. Ann. of the R.Y. Acad. Rcloaees 133:360-343 *. TboMson, J.O., 1*63 A*boat os and the Man teallar. Ann. nf the R.Y. Acad, of Selenesc 133:1*6-314 10. Wagner, J.C., 1*63 Ipldaniolocr of Dlffaac tecotfeallal Tumors Evidence of Air Asaoelatloa Fran Studios la South Africa and la the United Klagdon. Ana. of the R.Y. Aead. of Seloacoo 133: 57 5- 57 H 11. Raafeouaa, Muriel 1. and 7honaon, R., 1*63 Bpldenlology of Mcaothellal Tunora la the London Area. Ana. of the R.Y. Aead. Sri mess 132:379-363 12. ReJtie, w.b., Kicholaon, W.J., Sallkoff, I.J., 1*70 Applica tion of 8prayed Inorganic Fiber Contalnlnc Asbestos: Occupa tional Health Basarda. In press 13. Rea York City Department of Air Resources Ragulatlona, 1*70, la The Matter of the Sprayinc of Asbestos-Containing Material Coaniss.ooer's Order