Document evKyEmQMGR7nEXaqwVg853Lkg

New York, N.Y BOARD 0? DIRECTORS MEETING December 6, 1950 A meeting of the Board of Directors of the Lead Industries Association was held on Wednesday, December 6, 1950, at 12:30 P.M., at the Bankers Club, New York City, PRESENT REPRESENTING Norman Hickman K. C, Brownell W. E. Clancy S. D. Strauss Clarence Glass J. M. Bowl by J. A. Costello E. L. Newhouse, Jr. J. P. Ruth J. A. Martino D. A. Merson Andrew Fletcher C, R Ince F. E. Wormser George Mixter G. H. LeFevre N. R. Taylor American Metal Co. Ltd. American Smelting & Refining Co. do do Anaconda Sales Co. The Eagle-Picher Co. Ethyl Corp. Federated Metals Division American Smelting & Refining Co. The Glidden Co. National Lead Co. do St. Joseph Lead Co. do do United States Smelting Refining & Mining Co. Inc. do do Robert L. Ziegfeld, Secretary-Treasurer Mr. Felix E. Wormser, chairman of the board, occupied the chair. The minutes of the previous meeting of April 14, 1950, were approved. REPORT OF THE TREASURER The treasurer submitted financial statements covering all divisions of the Association for the period of January 1 to November 30, 1950, which are attached as Exhibit nA.n APPROVAL OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ACTION The secretary reported that the Metallic Lead Products Division had voted in favor of increasing its annual budget from $25,000 to $45,000 as of July 1, 1950, and to add two more field men to the staff. He informed the Board that he had obtained approval of this increase from the Executive Committee informally, with one member of the Committee approving with reservations. The Board formally ap proved the action of the Executive Committee, and was informed that to date one additional field man had been added. Board of Directors Meeting Minutes 2- - December 6, 1950 1951 BUDGETS METALLIC LEAD PRODUCTS DIVISION - It was regularly moved, secon ded and carried that the budget of this Division be $40,000 in 1951, all of which is to be subscribed during the year. It was stipulated that a third field man, previously contemplated, not be added at this time because of conditions and that the estimated $5,000 balance at the end of 1950 be retained in reserve. RED LEAD DIVISION - It was regularly moved, seconded and carried that the budget for this Division in 1951 be $23,000, of which $10,000 is to be subscribed and $13,000 drawn from balance on hand at the year-end. YvHITE LEAD PIVI SI OH - The secretary explained that at the previous meeting the Board had approved budgets for both 1950 and 1951, with no money to be subscribed, and that, therefore, no action would be necessary at this time. No action was taken. The previously approved budget for 1951 is $33,500. EDUCATIONAL SERVICE DIVISION - It was regularly moved, seconded and carried that funds on hand be used to continue servicing paint study cabinets in vocational schools through the same arrangement with Mr. Don Critchfield that had prevailed for the last two years. The secretary explained that the funds would probably last through the first half of 1951 and that soon consideration should be given to the disposal or use of those cabinets after that time had elapsed. ORDINARY FOND - It was regularly moved, seconded and carried that the Ordinary Fund expenditures for 1951 should not exceed $80,000 and that $100,000 should be subscribed. The secretary was in structed to inform the Metal Powder Association that if it wished to have the Lead Industries Association continue to handle its af fairs, it would be necessary to increase the charge for this ser vice by $1,000 a year in view of increased costs. It was also decided to publish nLeadn only twice in 1951 instead of four times, because of market conditions. SAFETY AND HYGIENE - It was regularly moved, seconded and carried that the Safety and Hygiene budget for 1951 be $20,000 and that $30,000 be subscribed. The action was taken to build up a reserve for certain activities such as research or education that it did not seem advisable to undertake at the moment but that would probably be advisable in the future. A recapitulation of the approved budgets and subscriptions follows: LI A00A19 Board of Directors Meeting Minutes December 6, 1950 5 1951 BUDGETS To Be To Be Drawn Subscribed From Reserves Ordinary Fund Safety and Hygiene Fund Metallic Lead Products Fund Red Lead Fund White Lead Fund Educational Service Fund $100,000 20,000 40,000 10,000 -- - -- - -- $13,000 33,500 2,000 Budget $80,000 20,000 40,000 23,000 33,500 - 2,000 $180,000 SALARIES $48,500 $198,500 It was regularly moved, seconded and carried that the secre tary^ salary be increased to $18,000 annually, and Mr. Bowditch's, director of health and safety to $11,000 annually, and that the secretary give salary increases as merited to others on the staff, the increases to total net more than 10 percent of the total of the remaining salaries, all increases to be effective January 1, 1951. LEAD CABLE SHEATH SURVEY The secretary called the Board's attention to the report mailed the Board, and attached as Exhibit nBn on the study the Association had made on the use of lead in cable sheathing. It was generally felt that this market could not be sufficiently in fluenced by Association action to warrant undertaking any work to promote the use of lead in cable sheath. MEMBERSHIP Electric Auto-Lite Co. North American Smelting Co. Action on the resignations of the Electric Auto-Lite Co. and the North American Smelting Co., was deferred when the secre tary explained that he had requested them to delay a final de cision until he had an opportunity to discuss the matter of member ship with them in person. The Okonite Co. Action was also deferred on the resignation of the Okonite Co., when it was learned that the resignation was instigated by the former purchasing agent who was no longer with the Company. The secretary was instructed to take uo the matter of membership with the new purchasing agent, Mr. Gordon. Kahn Brothers The resignation of Kahn Brothers was accepted. LI ao c M 2o Board of Directors Meeting Minutes December 6, 1950 -4- Phelos Dodge Corn. The proposal of the Phelps Dodge Corp., to pay to the Association $1,000 a year starting with 1952, because of its position as an inter mittent lead producer in the future, was accepted with the understand ing that should the Company1s production increase to a point where its subscriptions would normally exceed $1,000, the subscription rate would be subject to readjustment. Day Mines. Inc. The secretary reported that Day Mines, Inc., had reconsidered its resignation earlier in the year and had continued its membership. Silver King Coalition Mines Co. The secretary explained that the Silver King Coalition Mines Co., had requested a suspension of its subscriptions when it shut down during the early part of 1950. He pointed out that he understood production had been resumed and the Board suggested that he again re quest subscriptions from the Company in 1951. I. Cohen & Co. Ltd. The secretary informed the Board that he had received an inquiry about membership eligibility from I. Cohen & Co. Ltd., secondary lead smelters of Kingston, Ont., Canada, and that he was in doubt as to the eligibility of this concern. It was generally felt that the firm, being a foreign company and not exporting lead or lead products to the United States, was not eligible for membership. Membership Activities The question was raised as to the advisability of the Association engaging in activities other than statistics, which would keep the in terest of battery, cable and other similar companies so that they would remain members or be attracted to membership. It was suggested that the secretary explore these possibilities and meet with the Executive Committee in the near future to outline a program. STATISTICS The question of the possibility of transferring some of the As sociation's statistical activities to the American Bureau of Metal Statistics was raised and it was agreed that a study of the problem be made and reported to the Board. ANNUAL MEETINGS The secretary reported that arrangements had been made to hold the annual meeting of the Association at the Biltmore Hotel, New York City, on May 17-18, 1951 and at the Drake Hotel in Chicago on April 18-19, 1952. He pointed out that the 1951 dates were the Thursday and Friday preceding the American Zinc Institute meeting in St. Louis on Monday and Tuesday, and that the 1952 dates were the Friday and Saturday pre ceding the American Zinc Institute meeting in St. Louis on the following Monday and Tuesday. LIA00421 Board of Directors Meeting Minutes December 6, 1950 - 5- CHANGE OF NAME OF PROMOTIONAL PROGRAM It was regularly moved, seconded and carried that the name cf the General Promotion Fund of the Association be changed to the White Lead Division since these funds were ear-marked for use in the promotion of white lead. EXHIBITS AT ARCHITECTURAL COLLEGES The secretary explained a proposal to have industrial exhibits at 15 leading middlewestem and eastern architectural colleges, the exhibits to be rotated among the colleges so that they appear at each college for a period of t7/o weeks during the school year. He stated that he had consulted those among member companies whose judgment he respected in matters of this kind and that since the cost was only $2,250 annually, it was generally felt that such an exhibit displaying lead products used in the architectural field would be worthwhile. He also felt that the cost could be absorbed in the budgets already approved without additional cost to members. The Board approved such an exhibit for the year 1951. MEMBERSHIP - AMERICAN STANDARDS ASSOCIATION The secretary reported that he had been solicited by the Ameri can Standards Association to have the Lead Industries Association become a member of that Association. It was pointed out that the Board had previously turned down a similar request and that it was felt that the Association could not gain additional benefits by joining. The secretary was, therefore, instructed to decline the request for membership in the American Standards Association. I A004 2 2 Board of Directors -- -- Meeting Minutes Exhibit "i" December 6, 1950 BUDGET DATA ORDINARY FUND (INCLUDING SAFETY AND HYGIENE) Approved Budget for 1950: Ordinary Fund Safety and Hygiene $71,000 31,000 3102,000 Estimated Actual Expenditures, 1950: Ordinary Fund Safety and Hygiene '369,000 21,000 $90,000 Recommended Budget for 1951: Ordinary Fund Safety and Hygiene The Ordinary Fund includes the Safety and Hygiene work of the Association. A report of the latter activities is being sent to all members. It is felt that the ordinary activities of the Association should continue to be conducted on more or less the current basis, but rising costs may make total expenses'somewhat higher. The Association should again receive ,,6,200 from the Metal Powder Association for conducting its activities. Expenditures for safety and hygiene work in 1950 were sub stantially less than the amount approved largely because an appropriation of 06,000 for a study of childhood lead poisoning in Baltimore was not expended. This resulted fron the fact that Johns Hopkins University revised its estimates of she cost astronomically to something over v20,000. However, recent talks with the University have devised a satis factory program for 10,000 per year. It is felt that an additional appropriation of ._.-u,000 should be coupled with the $6,000 already approp riated to initiate the work in 1951* The work on an antidote for lead poisoning which we have supported jointly with the Research Corporation needs no new appropriation and Dr. Corwin of Johns Hopkins, who conducted the work has submitted a report which is summarized in our report to members. It is recommended that the Association continue its support of the childhood lead poisoning study at the Children's Hospital, Boston, which we have supported for a number of years. The amount required is ,r-3,000 and would provide for more thorough study of the aftermath of each case. An additional appropriation of ,,500 is suggested for a study of urinary porphyrins by Dr. Maloof of the Massachusetts Division of Occupational Hygiene. N 617.01 LI A 00 4 2 3 Budget Data - Ordinary Fund (including Safety and Hygiene) -2- Because the possibility of lead poisoning or skin irri tation has been raised by some potential users as a reason for not employing lead stabilizers in plastics, one manber has suggested a study by an independent authority financed by the Association to determine the true facts and dispel fears on the part of users. This is a rapidly growing market for certain lead salts which now accounts for several thousand tons of lead per year. It is estimated that a satisfactory study of the dermatological angle could be made for about :.'3,500. it may not be necessary to investigate further into the toxicological angle as experts already consulted do not seem to think there is any danger. These recommended activities would total about 129,000, including our regular safety and hygiene activities other than research or about v2,000 less than what was approved for 1950. However, we still feel that an educational motion picture on lead poisoning to be shown at medical schools and medical society meet ings is badly needed and might in the long run make unnecessary many other expenditures for safety and hygiene work. The cost of such a film should not exceed .35,000 and it is assured the support of and distri bution through the American Medical Association. It would also have the support of the U. S. Public Health Service, which is making a series of films on industrial health hazards, one of which will undoubt edly be on lead poisoning eventually. By producing such a film, the Association would obviate the production of a film on this subject by the Public Health Service and would have control over the nature of the film and the material in it. LIAC042 4 ORDINARY FUND Financial Statement January 1 to October 31 , 1950 and Estimated Full Year Expenditures Jan. 1 to Oct. .31 Estimated Expenditures Full Year Furniture and Equipment Salaries Rent and Light Social Security Taxes Office Supplies Miscellaneous Travel Expense Association Dues Entertainment St Luncheons Meetings Telephone & Telegraph Bocks & Subscriptions Printing Mailing "Lead" Illustrations Metal Powder Association Expense $ 319.21 30,693.70 6,001i06 786.95 1,951.65 1,335.38 1*, 1*1*8.1*0 21*2.1*8 1*38.62 2,U6o .U8 1,17U.79 250.38 365.18 2,568.93 1*,180.10 105.92 169.72 $ 1*00 36,000 7,200 900 2,200 1,500 5,300 300 600 2,600 1,1*00 300 1*00 3,000 7,000 200 -- Total Expenditures $57,1*92.95 $69,300 Balance, Jan. 1, 1950 $51,578.29 $51,578.29 Receipts from: Subscriptions (Full Year) 65,088.25 Less: Outstanding Subscriptions 2,210.25 62,878.00 65,088.25 Annual Meeting Registration Fees Metal Powder Association 1,160.00 ii,650.00 1,160.00 6,200.00 $120,266.29 $121*, 026.51* Less: Expenditures Advances & Deposits 57,1*92.95 2,875.00 60,367.95 69,300 2,775 72,075.00 Cash Balance Reserve for Lead Handbook Total Balance Nov. 1, 1950 59,898.31* Est. Jan. 1,1951 51,951.51* U,000.00 1*,000.00 Nov. 1, 1950 $63,898.31* Est. Jan. 1,1951 $55,951.51* Li SAFETY AND HYGIENE DIVISION Financial Statement January 1 to October 31, 1950 and Estimated Full Year Expenditures Jan. 1 to Oct. 31 Estimated Expenditures Full Year Salaries Social Security Taxes Travel Expense Office Supplies Mailing Telephone St Telegraph Books St Subscriptions Research Meetings Association Dues Illustrations Entertainment & Luncheons Miscellaneous $10,500.00 211.05 1,536.96 100.97 159.51 160.07 202*. 2l* 2*,2*96.1*0 12*.00 U6.00 135.78 316'. 02 177.88 $12,600 22*0 2,000 125 200 200 225 2*,500 50 75 175 2*25 225 Total Expenditures $18,058.88 $21,02*0 Balance, January 1, 1950 Subscriptions (Full Year) $ 3,263,2*6 31,000.00 $ 3,263.2*6 31,000.00 32*, 263.1*6 32*, 263.1*6 Less: Expenditures Advances 18,058.88 300.00 18,358.88 21,02*0 300 a,3ho.oo Balance Nov. 1, 1950 l5,9Q2*.58 Est. Jan. 1,1951 12,923.1*6 Reserve for printing and mailing of Proceedings Less: Net printing and mailing costs Total Balance 3,500.00 3,5 00 3,059.37 1*1*0.63 3,030 1*70.00 Nov. 1,1950 $16,32*5.21 Est. Jan. 1,193-$13,393.2*6 t_l*0042fc BUDGET DATA : ILTALLIC LEAD PRODUCT3 DIVISION Approved Budget, first half of 1950 second half of 1950 312,500 22,500 35,000 Estimated Actual Expenditures, 1950 030,000 Recommended Budget, 1951 v^5,000 To be subscribed; By Mining Companies By Manufacturing Companies , ?013,333 26 66 OUO,000 A detailed report of this Division*s 1950 activities was sent to all members of the Division on October 23, 1950. It was accompanied by a recommendation of the Division*s Advisory Comudttee that the -work be continued throughout 1951 on the same basis as in the last half of 1250 vrithin the Units of funds available. A letter ballot taken on this recommendation revealed no opposition to the Advisory Committee*s recommendation, except that one member sug gested, in view of current meual shortages, that the plumbing field staff be limited to two men for the time being instead of tiU'oej as aontanplated when the Budget was last approved. It is estimated that this Division will have a balance on hand at the beginning ox 1951 of approximately 65,000. This amount could be used in 1951 to reduce the rate of subscriptions, 'which would be further re duced by the larger volume of business on which rates would be based. The work embraces the promotion of lead primarily in the plumbing, water works and chemical construction fields. Ll &.C0427 METALLIC LEAD PRODUCTS DIVISION Financial Statement January 1 to October 31, 1950 and Estimated Full Year Expenditures Jan. 1 to Oct. 31 Estimated Expenditures Full Year Salaries Social Security Taxes Travel Expense " Plumbers1 F orun" Other Printing Illustrations & Drav.ungs Mailing Convention & Exhibits Meetings Association Dues Entertainment & Luncheons Telephone & Telegraph Books & Subscriptions Miscellaneous $ 7,6ol*.l5 199.55 1*,956.78 2,622.61 928.78 6ol*. 56 129.1*9 91*5.87 582.87 2U8.50 386.96 88.92 58.17 259.70 Total Expenditures $19,616.91 Balance^ Jan. 1, 1950 5.1*2 Transfer from Sheet Lead Fund 3,002.00 Subscriptions (Full Yeai)$32,671.00 Less: Outstanding subs criptions 1*78.75 32,192.25 $10,000 250 6,500 l*,5oo i*,000 700 500 1,700 650 300 55o 125 75 275 $30,125 5.1*2 3,002.00 32,671.00 Less: Expenditures Advances 35,199.67 19,616.91 65o.oo 20,266.91 35,678.1*2 30,775.00 Balance Nov. 1, 1950 $11*,932.76 Est. Jan. 1 $ U, 903 .1*2 1951 LI A00A 2 6 BUDGET DATA RED LEAD DIVISION Approved Budget for 1950 Estimated Actual Expenditures, 1950 Recommended Budget far 1951 To be Subscribed, 1951s By Mining Companies By Manufacturing Companies $5, 000 5,000 523,000 18,000 23,000 10,000 A proposed program for this Division for 1951, which had been approved 'ey the Red Lead Technical Committee, together with a detailed report of 1950 activities, was circulated to all .members of the Division on November 15, 1950. This was accom panied by a letter ballot on the recommended 1951 program, which has revealed no opposition to it. The proposed program provides for continued extensive publicity for the results of research carried out in previous years and work now in progress. It contemplates only a small amount of new research -- enough to provide material for a sustained sales promotion effort in the future,, The proposed budget is the same as that approved for 1950. However, since there will be a large carryover of funds at the year end, as explained in the detailed report sent to members, it would be necessary to subscribe a somewhat smaller amount of money than in 1950* This, together with the larger volume of business, should materially reduce tonnage subscription rates. LI AGO A 2 9 RED LEAD DIVISION Financial Statement January 1 to October 31, 1950 and Estimated Full Year Consulting Fees Salaries Social Security Taxes Travel Expense Telephone and Telegraph Meetings Entertainment and Luncheons Printing Illustrations Research Material Books and Subscriptions Association Dues Mailing Office Supplies Miscellaneous Total Expenditure s Expenditures Jan., 1 to Oct. 31 $ 240.00 7,113.40 199.28 2,521.35 156.89 353.03 256.76 863.84 143.91 187.61 81.52 54.50 740.65 178.55 257.60 13,348.89 Estimated Expenditures Full Year 320.00 8,540.00 225.00 3,000.00 200.00 5oo;oo 35o.oo 2,200.00 i75*oo 200.00 100.00 75.00 1,300.00 300.00 300.00 17,785.00 Balance, Jan. 1, 1950 Transfer from White Lead Research Fund Less: Credit to be applied Subscriptions Less: Outstanding Sub- scriptions Less: Expenditures Advance Cash Balance Reserve for Printing Reserve for Mailing Total Balance 5,663.83 5,663.83 $10,024.00 9,930.00 44.00 $10,024.00 9,930.00 44.00 21,027.75 21,027.75 118.50 20,909.25 26,617.08 26,735.53 13,343.89 hoo.oc 13,748.89 17,785.00 400.00 18,185.00 Nov. 1, 1950 12,868.19 4,071.60 8CO.00 Est. Jan. 1, 1951 8,550.58 4,071.60 800.00 Nov. A '39.79 Est. Jan. 1, 1951 13,422.18 LIA004 30 BUDGET DATA White Lead Division (Formerly General Promotion Fund) Approved Budget for 1950 (last 6 months) >22,000 Estimated Actual Expenditures, 1950 (last 6 months) 9,000 Piecommended Budget for 1951 33,500 To be subscribed, 1951 None In April, 1950, the vYhite Lead Division approved a promotional program for white lead pigments in house paints to run at least through the year 1951. This program and budget for the last half of 1950 and the year 1951 was also approved by the Board of Directors in April, The program was started in mid-year but because all of its phases could not be gotten under way immediately, actual expenditures in 1950 were considerably less than approved. Because the program and budget has already been approved for 1951, it is proposed to proceed on the approved basis and no action by the Board seems necessary at this time. It is hoped that all phases of the program will, be in operation soon. LI A00431 WHITE LEAD DIVISION (Formerly General Promotion Fund) Financial Statement January 1 to October 31f 1950 and Estimated Full Year Expenditures Jan 1 to Oct. 31 Estimated Expenditures Full Year Advertising Fee and Production Advertising Space Printing Bank Custody Fee Travel Meetings Telephone & Telegraph Miscellaneous Expense $ 2,819.92 1*,276.98 175.00 19.02 66.65 15.05 32.56 215,36 $ 3,200 5,000 175 35 70 100 5o 3 00 Total Expenditures fP 7,68o.SU $ 8,930 Balance, Jan. 1, 1950: Obligations of the U. S. Certificates of Indebtedness, lv$, due 6/1/50-_ Savings Note, due 6/1/50 Cash - 3i*, 000.00 5o,ooo.oo 2,13 U 3 9 31*, 000. 00 5o,ooo.oo 2,131*.39 86,131*.39 86,13i*.39 Receipts: Interest on Government Obligations 2,01*5.00 2,01*5.00 88,179.39 88,179.39 Less: Expenditures 7,680.51* 8,930.00 Balance Nov. 1, 195C> 80,1*98.85 Est. Jan .1,1951 79,21*9.39 Certificates of Indebtedness, 1^$, due 6/l/5o, reinvested in U. S. Treasury Notes, Series D, due 7/1/51 31*, 000.00 31*, ooo.oo Cash Savings Accounts: Bowery Savings Bank Dry Dock Savings Bank Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank Union Dime Savings Bank Interest on Savings Account Cash $1*, 000.00 1*, 000.00 1*,000.00 1*,000.00 19,51* 16,019.51* 30,1*79.31 fyb-j 000 i*,000 i*,000 i*,0C0 185 LI AGO A 3; 16,185 00 _29j C6.' 79 Balance Nov, 1, 1950 $80,1*98.85 Est. Jan.l, 1951 $79, 2l*5 39 3UDGET DATA EDUCATIONAL SERVICE DIVISION Approved Eudget for 1950 Ali.,000 Estimated Actual Expenditures, 1950 1,500 Recommended Budget for 1951 2,000 To be Subscribed, 1951 None For the past tiro years the only activity of this Division has been to continue servicing the thousands of paint study cabinets installed in earlier years in vocational schools and elsewhere. This has been done by Mr. Don Critchfield on a service fee basis, using only f-rnds on hand. Because Mr. Critchfield did not engage in this activity during the entire year 1950, our expenses were only about half of v/hat v;as expected and funds are still available to have Mr. Critchfield carry on the work for another six months. It is recommended thac this be done. EDUCATIONAL 3E7V1CE DIVISION Financial Statement January 1 to Qct, 1950 Balance, January' 1, 1950 Sale of Equipment 03,031.98 520.00 Less: Miscellaneous Expense Service Fee Balance, Nov. 1, 1950 f 16.35 1,500.00 1,516,S5 ">2,035.13 Note; No additional expenditures are contemplated for the balance of 1950. LIA00433 Board of Directors Meeting Minutes Exhibit aB December 6, 1950 November 3, 1950 LEAD CA3LE SHEATH SURVEY SUMMARY Through interviews with a number of representative utility companies and cable manufacturers, the .Association has attempted to appraise the future of lead cable sheath and to determine whether the lead industry can and should take steps to improve lead's position in this respect. In general, it found that: 1. There has been a definite trend away from lead sheath in lav: voliage power cable since the early 1930's. 2. There has also been a trend away from lead sheath in very high voltage power cable. 3. In the voltage range from 5*000 to 69,000 v, lead is still used almost exclusively. This voltage range represents the biggest volume of lead used in power cable. b* "Riere lead sheath is still used there is a tendency to employ thinner walls rath protective synthetic jackets. 5. About 25 to 35 percent of lead used in telephone cable sheath lias been displaced by Alpeth sheath. 6. There is apparently universal agreement that lead makes the best and most durable sheath and many utilities are willing to pay a premium for it. 7. The principal reasons for substitution have been cost, shortages, fear for future supplies of lead, and weight, G. The principal advantages of lead sheath are absolute impermeability, easy jointing, ease of manufacture and durability. It is concluded that economics will play a large part in the ultimate destiny of lead sheath. It is not likely that the lead in dustry can influence the use of lead on telephone cable because of the telephone industry's high degree of integration and extensive research facilities. Because there is general agreement that lead sheath on power cable is superior and because some utilities find reason still to use lead for voltage ranges in which other utilities have discon tinued it, it might be possible to influence the future trend. Educa tion as to future lead supplies and repeated stressing of the advan tages of lead sheath are possibilities. N 617.02 LIAC0434 2-* . REASON POIl SURVEY This survey was undertaken because there has been a definite tendency in recent years to substitute other types of cable sheath for lead sheath. Not only is this trend evident from every day observation of the leadless sheaths that are being installed but also from a study of the statistics. For example in the eight years ending with 1929, cable consumed on the average 18.33 percent of all lead consumed in the United states. In the eight years ending with 19U9 this figure had dropped to 13.81 percent. Likewise in 1929 per capita consumption of lead for cable sheath was 3.6 lb,; by 19^9 this had dropped to 1.5 lb# Yet in 19U9 this market still accounted for 130,000 tons of lead, wliich was still the second largest single use of lead. Cable sleeving and solder for jointing lengths of cable should be added to this total but separate statistics on these items are not available. Telephone cable accounts for roughly two-thirds of the total lead, and power cable lor one-third. NATURE OF SURVEY This survey consisted of personal interviews with 5 manu facturers of cable and 8 utility companies using cable, as follows: Manufacturers of Cable; Anaconda V'ire <1 Cable Co., Mr, Dave Allen, Sales Manager, General Cable Co., Mr. Allan D. Pettee, Vice President, The Okonite Co., Mr. R. X. Spofford, Turchasin^ Agent, Phelps Dodge Copper Products Co., Mr, Edward P. Dunlaevy, Western Electric Co., Mr. T. G. Stover, Purchasing Agent, Vice Pres. Utility Companies: Commonwealth Edison Co., Chicago, 111,, Mr, Herman Halpern, Senior Staff Engineer, Consolidated Edison Co., New York City, Mr. C. T. Hatcher, Assistant Chief Distribution Engineer, Houston Lighting N Power Co./, Houston, Texas, Mr, T. M. geiller, Nashville Electric Service Co., Nashville, Term., Mr. Kinzly, Superintendent of Distribution, Philadelphia Electric Co,, Philadelphia, pa., Mr. Clement S. Schifreen, Senior Engineer, Public Service Co,, of Colorado, Denver, Colo., Mr. Atkinson, Distribution Engineer, Public Service be., of New Jersey, Newark, N J., Mr, J, A. Pulsfora, Sponsor, Underground Group of Transmission and Distribution Committee of The Edison Electric Institute, Union Electric Co., St. Louis, Mo,, Mr, Andrew Bodicky, Chief Underground Engineer. For the purpose of reporting the results of these interviews power cable and telephone cable -.rill be considered separately as the problems involved in each are quite different. LIAOCK 35 -3 - PON ;a b l e ?or the purpose of this survey it is .Tell to divide power cable into four separate classifications: (1) ion voltage net work cable up to and including 600 volts, (2) medium voltage cable from 600 up to and includ ing 5,000 volts, (3) high voltage cable over 5,000 and up to and in cluding 69,000 volts, and (1;) very high voltage cable over 69,000 volts. In Group 1, substitution has been developing over the last 20 years or so. First rubber and mere recently neoprene have been sub stituted for combinations of rubber and lead and impregnated paper and lead. This substitution v;as the result of lower cost for the substitutes vrhich have been found largely satisfactory for these low voltages. Some utilities are still using lead sheathed cables in this iield for very special reasons, such as New Orleans, v;here ex tremely vet conditions are encountered. Others find that lead sheauh cable can be more heavily loaded electrically because the greater heat generated mag'' adversely affect rubber and neoprene. It is roughly estimated that this class of cable amounts to about 20 per cent of the total volume. In Group 2, the same type of subsciuution has been proceeding for some years but here the substitution is not yet as complete. This group accounts for a smaller volume than Group 1. In Group 3, there has as yet been little or no substitution for impregnated paper insulation and it is still recognized that a lead sheath must be used v.'here impregnated paper is used for insula tion. This is because metal provides the only absolutely impervious sneath. It is probably the most important field oonnagevn.se. It appears that there is likely to be little, if any, substitution un til some more economical and effective dielectric is found than paper, or until some metal is found '.;hich nay be economically substituted for lead, ixperinents are being mace on aluminum sheath but this metal has not been used commercially as yet. Alpeth, a combination of aluminum and polyethylene has been tried with unsatisfactory re sults to date because of the effect of the heat generated in the cable on the polyethylene and the tendency of the aluminum joints to open up, Research has produced lead alloy sheaths v/ith improved physical properties v/hich are an aid in retaining lead. The only loss of lead business in ohis group would be through a reduction in dne thickness of the lead sheath and this is talcing place to some extent. Reductions of from 20 to 33 percent in the lead thickness have been tried, the reduced lead sheath being jacket ed with neoprene. There are differences of opinion as ao the advis ability of tais reduction. The neoprene supplies additional corrosion LIA00A36 -k- and abrasion res_stc.nce but some .canufacturers ana ut licies feel that much reduction in the cable sheath may cause failures w.iere the cable is bent. Some utilities are still insisting on the full lead thick ness even though they also use a neoprene jacket for corrosion protec tion and protection against scoring. In Group k steel pipe, filled rath oil or gas under high pressure, is rapidly substituting for lead sheathed cable because of the high oil and gas pressures involved. The trend here rail prob ably be a continued displacement of lead. From the foregoing it appears that until better insulation than paper, or a better cable sheath chan lead is developed, such sub stitution as wi,,l take place in power cable has already very largely taken pls.ce. In the lor; voltage field seme utilities still use lead, particularly if the price is not too much, higher than the non-lead cable, TELEPHONE CADIa The situation rvith respect to telephone cable is quite clearly outlined in the papers presented by representatives of the "Western Electric Co, at the Lead Industries Association Annual lleeting on Aoril 13, 1950. briefly it appears that Alpeth sheath has displaced approx imately 25 percent of all telephone cable lead requirements and that Alpeth production capacity is being increased to 'displace about another 10 percent. Lead is competitive with Alpeth at varying prices depending upon the particular size and type of cable, the price at which lead is competitive varying from as lav; as 6wd per lb, to as high as per lb. Y'estem Electric Co. frankly adits that they dc not know how long Alpeth sheathed cable rail last but their research leads them to believe that it rill last a satisfactory length of time. Because there is a possibility of uisture working through the polyethylene jacket and the joints in the aluminum sheatn, they are developing a new cable, Stalpeth, which has a corrugated teme coated steel sheath over the aluminum and polyethylene over the steel. The joins- in tie teme met al is soldered and leau sleeves and wiped solder joints are used for connections. This cable will be a little more expensive than Alpeth so probauiy lead will be competitive at slightly higher prices than for Alpeth, Shipping of both Alpeth and Stalpeth is considerably less expensive than lead. Unofficial opinions expressed indicate that there rill be a continuing trend towards the Alpeth or Stalpeth sheaths but that lead rail also be an important part of the business for a long tine to come. LIA00437 -5- CONCLUSIONS It does not seem likely that Che lead industry oar. do anything to promote lead dor sheathing telephone cable because of the extensive research facilities and the close coordination of all units of the Bell Telephone System. The future trend 'ill probably be determined by eco nomic factors, i.e., the relative cost installed of lead and substitute sheathed cable, and the performance in actual use of the substitutes. In paver cable the outlook may be a little different. Since there are some differences of opinion and practice both among cable makers and users, there is a possibility that a carefully prepared pro gram might change the trend. Several avenues of approach suggest them selves, any one or a combination of ''.riich might be tried. They are; 1, carefully prepared publicity, v/hic'n might take the form of articles, releases, addresses, ere., to assure the cable and utility industry of continued adequate supplies of lead at a reasonable price for years to core. This might veil apply to all users of lead, as the temporary shortages and disproportionately high prices that have oc curred at tires have spurred users of all lead products ir. their search for substitutes. 2, Technical advertising and publicity to keep before utility engineers the kruvm virtues of lean sheathed cables such as imperme ability, proved longevity, ease of joir.ting, greater current carrying capacity. 3, Employment of a competent utility engineer to promote lean sheaths by direct, contact vith operating engineers and to develop ad ditional points in favor of lead sheaths. If these or other steps are not taken the outlook for lead sheathed power cable appears to be one of gradual decline in use over a long period of time, iuch of the displacement, however, has already taken place unless and until insulation better than paper, rdich re quires a metallic sheath, is found, or unless and until some other metal superior to lead is found. LI4C04 38